Steve Spangler

Egg Drop Inertia Challenge

Demonstrate gravity, motion, and other forces with this incredible science trick.

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egg drop inertia experiment

The egg drop is one of my all-time favorite science demonstrations. It’s a combination of strategy, skill, and just a little luck. The goal is to get an egg to drop into a glass of water. Sound easy enough? Did I mention that the egg is perched high above the water on a cardboard tube and that a pie pan sits between the tube and the water? Still think it’s easy? Sir Isaac Newton does. Once you try it, you’ll be hooked!

Experiment Videos

Here's What You'll Need

Large eggs (buy a dozen because you need the practice), cardboard tube from an empty roll of toilet paper, metal pie pan, pitcher of water, large drinking glass, oh, you might need a few paper towels to clean up your practice mess, tray (optional), coloring tablets (optional), let's try it.

egg drop inertia experiment

Pick a sturdy table or counter surface to perform the demonstration. Fill the drinking glass about three-quarters full with water and center the pie pan on top of the glass. Place the cardboard tube vertically on the pie pan, positioning it directly over the water. Carefully set the egg on top of the cardboard tube.

egg drop inertia experiment

Explain to your audience that the goal is to get the egg into the glass of water, but you’re not allowed to touch the egg, the cardboard tube or the glass of water. The only thing left for you to touch is the pie pan. What would you need to do to move the pie pan and cardboard tube out of the way in order for the egg to fall into the glass of water? That’s right . . . you’re going to invoke Sir Isaac Newton’s First Law of Motion and smack the pie pan out of the way. Don’t do it just yet . . . read the next step.

egg drop inertia experiment

Stand directly behind the Egg Drop setup. If you’re right handed, hold your right hand straight out like you were going to karate chop something. Position your hand about 6 inches away from the edge of the pan. The idea is to hit the edge of the pie pan with enough force to knock the cardboard tube out from under the egg. Gravity will do the rest as the egg falls directly into the glass of water.

Shoot both hands up high over your head in celebration of your latest science miracle.

How Does It Work

Credit for this one has to go to Sir Isaac Newton and his First Law of Motion . Newton said that objects in motion want to keep moving and objects that are stationary want to stay still—unless an outside force acts on them. So, since the egg is not moving while it sits on top of the tube, that’s what it wants to do—not move. You applied enough force to the pie pan to cause it to zip out from under the cardboard tube (there’s not much friction between the surface of the pan and the water container). The edge of the pie pan hooked the bottom of the tube, which then sailed off with the pan. Basically, you knocked the support out from under the egg. For a brief nanosecond or so, the egg didn’t move because it was already stationary (not moving). But then, as usual, the force of gravity took over and pulled the egg straight down toward the center of the Earth.

Also, according to Mr. Newton’s First Law, once the egg began moving, it didn’t want to stop. The container of water interrupted the egg’s fall, providing a safe place for the egg to stop moving so you could recover it unbroken. The force of gravity on the egg caused the water to splash out, and the audience burst into spontaneous applause.

Take It Further

Try testing longer cardboard tubes from a roll of paper towel, different size glasses or different size eggs. Do small eggs work as well as jumbo eggs?

The true Egg Drop connoisseur will never be content with a single egg falling into a single glass. The temptation is just too great to push the envelope and find a way to position two eggs, side by side, and attempt a drop. When it works (and it will), you’ll discover that two eggs just aren’t enough. After searching day and night for weeks on end (or maybe you’ll just find one lying around the house), you’ll find the perfect tray to hold three cardboard tubes and three eggs. It’s no longer a science experiment . . . it’s an obsession with the law of inertia and gravity. Wake the kids, phone the neighbors—this is going to be something special.

Safety Information

WARNING! IMPORTANT SAFETY RULES Always wash your hands well with soap and water after handling raw eggs. Some raw eggs contain salmonella bacteria that can make you really sick!

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This is an egg-stremely simple experiment to set up and is a fun way to demonstrate the principles of gravity, motion and inertia.  As well as the items listed below you will need steady nerves for this egg-citing activity.

What you’ll need for egg drop project

To begin with fill the glass approximately two thirds full of water

Place the paper plate on top.

Next, stand the cardboard tube on its end in the middle of the plate.

Rest an egg in the cardboard tube at the top.

You are now ready!  Give the edge of the plate a firm hit with the palm of your hand to knock it off the top of the glass.

You may be worried that the egg will fly across the room along with the plate and cardboard tube making a horrible mess but miraculously the egg falls straight down into the water.

Science Explained

Newton’s first Law of Motion says that if something is sitting still (like an egg in a cardboard tube) then it will stay still unless something else tries to move it – this describes the principle of inertia.

There is not much friction at all between the plate and the rim of the glass so it does not take much power from your hand to knock it and the tube off.

For a split second the egg will continue to stay still (because of its inertia) and then gravity takes effect and the egg falls straight down into the glass.

Taking It Further

If you are feeling more adventurous why not try lining up two or three glasses together and see how many eggs you can get to fall simultaneously. 

What happens if you try balancing other things on top of the tube like a coin resting on a postcard?

Once you have mastered this trick you can make it even more exciting for your friends by using different coloured water or you can tell them the last time you did this everyone in the audience was covered in egg!

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Drop an Egg to Prove The First Law of Motion

Newton’s first law of motion states that objects have the tendency to retain its motion or the lack of.

If a body is at rest, it has the tendency to remain at rest; If a body is moving, it tends to keep moving in a straight line at a constant speed.

This is also called the law of inertia.

Inertia is an object’s tendency to stay at rest, or keep moving until an external force is applied to change it.

Let’s do an inertia experiment.

We are using plastic eggs, but you can use real eggs to do this, too.

It was so much fun that my kid wanted to do it again and again.

Egg Drop Inertia experiment

Egg Drop Inertia

Here it is, a fun egg drop experiment.

  • egg, I used a plastic easter egg, but you can certainly use a real one :)
  • empty toilet paper roll
  • an unbreakable pan with a raised edge or a shallow plastic container
  • a glass big enough for the egg
  • tray (optional: to catch the broken egg if you use real eggs and don't succeed on first try)
  • adult supervision

Instructions

  • Place the glass on a sturdy table.
  • (Optional) If a real egg is used, fill the glass with water. Otherwise, an empty glass is fine.
  • Center the pan on top of the glass.

Stack toilet paper roll vertically in the middle of the pan directly over the glass.

  • In one quick move, knock the pan sideway off the glass.
  • Observe the egg fall directly into the glass.

Did you try this project?

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Why does the egg fall right into the glass while the paper roll and the pan flies sideways?

This can be explained by Sir Isaac Newton’s First Law of Motion , which states that an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same velocity  (speed and direction) unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Because the egg is not moving at the beginning, it wants to stay that way.

When the pan is knocked off by you hand, its raised edge in turn knocks off the paper roll.

When the support of the egg is removed, gravity applies a net downward force that pulls the egg straight down.

The egg then drops right into the glass.

Try the experiment again using

  • paper rolls of different lengths.
  • different types of support for the egg.
  • different objects on top of the paper roll.

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Egg Drop Experiment

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Would you dare place an egg on top of a tower and then make the tower collapse under the egg to make the egg fall!? Call us crazy, but that is exactly what we did in this Egg Drop Experiment and the result was pretty cool!

Find more Egg Experiments For Kids here!

Egg drop tower challenge

The best thing about this nerve-racking egg dropping experiment is that it makes learning about gravity and inertia both fun and educational for kids!

Table of Contents

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Supplies Needed:

  • 1 Egg (Raw or boiled depending on how brave you are)
  • Clear Glass Cup
  • Plastic Plate
  • Cardboard Toilet Paper Roll or Paper Towel Roll

Create an egg drop challenge with home supplies

Egg Drop Challenge

  • Fill a clear glass cup about three-quarters full of water.
  • Place a plastic or paper plate on top of the glass.
  • Stand an empty cardboard toilet paper roll on the plate.
  • Place an egg on the top of the cardboard roll.
  • Quickly but carefully knock the plate out from under the cardboard tube and egg.
  • Watch and enjoy as the egg falls straight down into the water-filled cup!
  • Repeat the steps again but this time make a bigger tower by replacing the toilet paper roll with a paper towel cardboard roll.

Step 1: Pour Some Water Into a Glass

To get started you need to grab a tall cup or glass and fill it about 3/4 of the way full of water. If you fill the glass with too much water then you will end up with a lot of water to clean up when the egg splashes into the glass.

If you do not add very much water, then you run the risk of the egg breaking open when it lands in the cup after the tower collapses.

Pour water into a glass cup

It’s also a good idea to use a clear glass cup to make it easy to see the egg when in crashes into the cup. If you don’t have a clear glass though you can substitute for any other tall cup.

Step 2: Set a Plastic Plate on Top of The Glass

After filling the glass with some water, place a plastic plate on top of the water-filled cup. You can also use a metal pan for this, but it is very important not to use a glass plate or anything breakable for this part!

Set a plate on top of a cup of water

Make sure to center the middle of the plate directly over the glass of water. This plate will be the platform for the tower we are going to build next.

Step 3: Place a Cardboard Toilet Paper Roll on the Plate

Using a cardboard roll from an empty roll of toilet paper, stand it up on the plate that is over the cup of water.

Use a cardboard toilet paper tube for a tower

Again, you want to make sure the carboard cylinder is directly in the middle of the plate and centered over the glass of water below.

Step 4: Set an Egg on Top of the Cardboard Roll

Now it’s time to grab an egg and carefully set it on the very top of your tower you created using the glass of water, plate, and cardboard tube.

The egg should be large enough to sit on the top of the carboard tube without falling through the inside of the tube, but be very careful not to tip the tube over while placing the egg on top.

Place an egg on top of the tower

This experiment will work with either a raw egg or a boiled egg. It is up to how brave you are feeling if you want to risk the experiment going wrong and having a raw egg breaking open on you or not!

Step 5: Knock the Plate Out From Under The Tube and Egg

This is honestly the scariest part, but it is also where the fun and excitement of this egg drop experiment begins!

Now that your tower is all put together with an egg sitting on the top, it’s time to knock the plate and carboard tube out from under the egg and see what happens to the egg.

Do you think the egg will fly off to the side in the direction of the plate and carboard tube it was sitting on, or will the end fall straight down and splash into the cup of water below!?

To find out the answer, gently but quickly knock the plate out from under the cardboard tube and the egg.

Egg on top of a cardboard tube and water

Whatever direction that you push the plate out of the way, make sure it’s not going to hit and break something else. This is why we use a plastic plate for this step!

Step 6: The Egg Will Fall Down into the Water Filled Cup

Watch and enjoy as the plate and cardboard tower fly off to the side, but the law of inertia and gravity work together to make the egg miraculously drop straight down and plop into the cup filled with water below!

Egg splashing into a glass of water

You will probably notice a few splashes of water on the table from the impact of the egg dropping into the cup, but egg should remain unbroken in the cup of water!

Step 7: Do it Again, but Use a Paper Towel Roll To Make the Tower Taller

Since we had some success with our first try at this super cool egg drop experiment, its time to take to to the next level with a taller tower this time!

Place the egg on the top of the tower

To do this, repeat the steps of building the tower on top of a glass-filled 3/4 of the way with water, but this time substitute the toilet paper cardboard tube for an empty paper towel tube.

This will make the tower about twice as tall as before and could make the egg drop challenge and bit more tricky!

Egg dropping into a cup of water

Go ahead and place the egg on the tower, knock the plate out from underneath and see what happens to your egg as it falls from an even higher altitude than before!

If all goes well, then your egg should still fall straight down and land safely in the cup of water. The water will act as a cushion to the impact of the egg falling and should again keep your egg from cracking!

Egg falls into a glass of water from a falling tower

Egg Drop Experiment Explanation

This amazing egg drop experiment is only possible because of Newton’s law of inertia.

This law states that an object in a resting stage will stay in a resting stage or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by another force.

The egg on the top of our tower falls straight down into the cup of water because it was already sitting in a resting stage.

As my hand (another force) moved the plate and tower out from under the egg, the egg was pulled straight down into the cup thanks to gravity.

Even though the egg falls at an incredible speed, the water in the cup acts as a shock absorber and cushions the impact of the egg into the glass. This is what protects the egg and keeps it from cracking!

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Incredible egg drop experiment into water

More Fun Experiments For Kids:

  • Cloud in a Bottle Experiment With Rubbing Alcohol
  • How To Make An Ocean In A Jar
  • Dancing Grapes Experiment

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Museum at Home: Egg Drop Inertia

Egg Drop Inertia science experiment for Museum at Home with The Children's Museum of Indianapolis

In this  experiment courtesy of Steve Spangler Science , your family will discover how gravity makes saving a falling egg easier than it sounds!  You'll demonstrate gravity, motion, and other forces while wowing your kids with this science trick. 

The Egg Drop is a classic science demonstration that illustrates Newton's Laws of Motion, namely inertia. The challenge sounds so simple—just get the egg into the glass of water, but there are a few obstacles. The egg is perched high above the water on a cardboard tube, and a pie plate sits between the tube and the water.

Still think it's easy? Sir Isaac Newton does.

  • Cardboard tube
  • A large drinking glass
  • Tray (optional)
  • Coloring Tablets (optional)
  • Fill the large drinking glass about three-quarters full with water.
  • Center a pie pan on top of the glass.
  • Place the cardboard tube on the pie plate, positioning it directly over the water.
  • Carefully set the egg on top of the cardboard tube.
  • With your writing hand, smack the edge of the pie pan horizontally. Don't swing up, and don't swing down! It’s important that you hit the pie pan horizontally and use a pretty solid hit, so plan on chasing the plate and tube.
  • Your astonished guests will watch the egg plop nicely into the water. It’s even more fun to watch someone else try to drop the egg.

What's going on:

Also, according to Mr. Newton’s First Law, once the egg was moving, it didn’t want to stop. The container of water interrupted the egg’s fall, providing a safe place for the egg to stop moving so you could recover it unbroken. The gravity-pushed egg caused the water to splash out. Did someone get wet?

Take It Further

  • Add coloring to the water in your egg drop for added effect.
  • Try testing longer tubes, more or less water, different liquids in the glass, different water containers, and heavier or lighter falling objects. 
  • Worried about the potential mess? You can also try this with a cup, an index card, and a penny!

Share your discoveries with us by using #TCMatHome on social media!  

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Science Fun

Science Fun

  • 20 oz drinking glass
  • cardboard toilet paper roll
  • Ice (optional)
  • Space where your family is okay with you doing the experiment because you may crack a few eggs the first couple of tries

Instructions:

  • Fill the glass with water
  • Place a pie pan right side up on top of the glass
  • Place toilet paper roll vertically in the middle of the pie pan
  • Balance egg on top of the toilet paper roll so the egg is lying on it’s side
  • Once everything is balanced on top of each other, with one swift and quick motion hit the side of the pie pan with your hand. This is a horizontal swing, not a vertical swing. This needs to be enough force to push it off the glass.
  • Watch in amazement as your egg falls into the glass unbroken.

VIDEO COMING SOON BUT YOU CAN STILL ENJOY THESE AWESOME EXPERIMENTS!

How it Works:

It’s all about Inertia! Inertia says an object, the egg in this case, will stay at rest, unless an outside force acts upon it, your hand in this case. When you move the pie pan with your hand, gravity takes over and pulls the egg straight down into the glass of water.

Extra Experiments:

  • Try adding food coloring to the water, just for a fun effect.
  • Try boiling the egg first, does it still work? Why or why not?
  • Don’t use the toilet paper roll, does the experiment still work? Why or why not?

EXPLORE TONS OF FUN AND EASY SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS!

egg drop inertia experiment

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Egg Drop Project

Students creating a housing to protect their egg

This is the classic egg drop experiment. Students try to build a structure that will prevent a raw egg from breaking when dropped from a significant height. They should think about creating a design that would reduce the amount of energy transferred from potential to kinetic energy on the egg shell. Some ways to do this would be to decrease the final speed of the egg using air resistance, increasing the time of the collision using some sort of cushion, transferring the energy into something else, or whatever else they can think of!

Each group of students gets the following:

  • 2 small paper cups
  • 1 sq ft of cellophane
  • 4 rubberbands
  • 4 popsickle sticks
  • 2 ft of tape
  • 1 egg (not provided)

Subjects Covered

  • Energy Conservation

Provided by requester

  • One egg for each student group
  • Floor covering (Ex: Newspaper, Tarp)

Provided by us

  • Small paper cups
  • Rubberbands
  • Popsickle sticks

Physics Behind the Demo

The Egg hitting the ground is a collision between the Earth and the Egg. When collisions occur, two properties of the colliding bodies are changed and/or transferred: their Energy and Momentum . This change and transfer is mediated by one or many forces . If the force is too strong, it can cause the shell of the egg to crack and break.

Momentum Transfer and Impulse (no Calculus)

Starting with the definition of Force a and knowing that acceleration is just the change in velocity over the change in time

$$ \textbf{F}=ma=m\cdot{\frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}} $$

If we move the $\Large \Delta t $ to the left side of the equation we can see how Force is related to momentum

$$ \textbf{F} \cdot{\Delta t}=m \cdot{\Delta v}$$

This means that the Force multiplied by the change in time, or duration of a collision, is equal to the mass multiplied by the change in velocity. Momentum (p) is defined as the mass multiplied by the velocity so the right side is the change in momentum. This change in momentum is the Impulse ( J )

$$ \textbf{J}= \textbf{F} \cdot{\Delta t}=\Delta \textbf{p}$$

a: In this case we are actually talking about the average force, but to keep things simple we will just call it the force.

Momemtum Transfer and Impulse (Calculus)

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The Science Behind the Egg Drop Experiment

The Science Behind the Egg Drop Experiment

Instructions for an Egg Drop Science Fair Project

The Egg Drop is a classic science class experiment for middle school or high school students. Students are given an egg to drop from a high point (such as the roof of the school) onto a hard surface (such as the parking lot). They must design a carrier for the egg to house it during the drop. Typical carriers are milk cartons or shoeboxes. The students can modify the carrier by adding wings, parachutes, foam interiors or even marshmallow cushions. The students form hypotheses about which of the egg carriers will effectively protect the egg and then test those hypotheses. The experiment is not just for fun -- although students do enjoy it. It is intended to teach students about the relationships between force and momentum.

Newton's Laws of Motion are the basic principles illustrated in the egg drop experiment. Sir Isaac Newton published his Laws of Motion in 1687 and fundamentally altered scientists' understanding of the world by describing the relationship between force and motion. The first of these laws is referred to as The Law of Inertia. In basic terms, an object that is in motion will stay in motion unless an external force acts upon it, and an object at rest will stay at rest unless an external force acts upon it.

In Newton's Second Law, he discusses the direct relationship between the external forces acting upon an object and the object's change in momentum. The force increases as the time required for the change decreases. If a train is moving along at a steady pace and needs to decelerate, the force experienced by the passengers will be greater as the time for deceleration is shorter.

The objective of the egg drop experiment is to keep the egg from breaking as it decelerates. It becomes clear from Newton's Laws that in order to minimize the force experienced by the egg at impact, students designing the egg carriers must increase the time over which the egg is brought to rest or decrease the egg's velocity at the time of the crash.

The Carrier

In order to decrease the egg's velocity upon impact, students must design their egg carriers to have increased air resistance. An increased surface area on the carrier, such as a flying disc shape or a parachute, will cause the egg to hit the ground at a lower speed. To increase the time over which the egg comes to rest, students must provide their egg with something to absorb some of the force of impact. A sponge or other cushion in their carrier will keep the egg from stopping instantly when it hits the ground; the egg will continue its motion for a few nanoseconds, decreasing the force. From this experiment, students also learn to form and test hypotheses and write up their observations in an organized way.

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How to drop an egg without breaking it by using straws..., how to build a successful egg drop container for physics, egg drop school projects, how to demonstrate newton's laws of motion, egg drop experiments, successful egg drop ideas, density experiments for elementary, newton's laws of motion, science project egg experiments, how to make a rubber ball out of an egg, how to do an egg projectile project, successful egg drop contraptions for a science project, fun science activities for force & motion, how to float an egg in water, how to calculate the jump height from acceleration, the physical factors affecting parachutes, how to make an egg capsule out of straws.

  • Houghton Mifflin's Project-Based Learning Space: Project 3: The Egg-Drop Experiment: A Hands-On Investigative Activity
  • Discovery Education: Forces and Motion

About the Author

Jennifer Komatsu is the founder and director of Minnesota-based greyhound rescue shelter, producing content for the organization's website, blog and newsletters. She has also published articles in "Celebrating Greyhounds" magazine, as well as various psychology journals. Komatsu graduated magna cum laude from Carleton College, earning a B.A. in cognitive psychology.

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The egg drop challenge.

egg drop inertia experiment

You will need:

  • 1 plastic cup of water with a mouth wide enough to fit the egg.
  • 1 10” (25 cm) piece of cardboard or a small tray with a SMOOTH bottom
  • 1 cardboard tube (paper towel or toilet paper tubes work well)
  • 1 Egg (uncooked for more drama)

What to do:

  • Place the tray centered over the cup
  • Place the tube on its end in the center of the tray
  • Place the egg horizontally on the tube
  • When ready, strike the tray hard enough with your palm to send the tray flying, but not so hard you hit the glass of water. If all goes well, the tray and paper tube will go flying, but the egg will safely drop into the water.

How does it work?

INERTIA describes an object in terms of how much energy is needed to move it or stop it from moving. Since the tray and tube are very low mass (lightweight,) they have very little inertia, and will easily move out of the way. The egg, however is heavier (has more inertia) and so it is not easily moved, leaving it in place for gravity to bring it down into the cup.

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The Incredible Inertial Egg Drop! (Physics)

  • Posted on 24 March 2020
  • By Hema and Eric Bulmer
  • Posted in inertia , newton , physics , video

The Incredible Inertial Egg Drop! (Physics)

Get ready to learn a trick that you'll master within 2 or 3 tries and amaze people with every time you do it. It's the Incredible Inertial Egg Drop! GREAT intro demonstration for Newton's 1st Law!

The Incredible Inertial Egg Drop!

Get ready to learn a trick that you'll master within 2 or 3 tries and amaze people with every time you do it. It's the Incredible Inertial Egg Drop! GREAT intro demonstration for Newton's 1st Law! Keep reading below the graphic for some content & extension info.

Experigraphic

egg drop inertia experiment

What's Going On?

Newton's First Law of Motion (the Law of Inertia) says that objects at rest tend to stay at rest unless acted upon by a force. That's why this works - the egg has significantly more inertia than either the bowl or the tube, and is therefore much more difficult to stir from rest. When you apply force to the bowl, the tube is knocked out by the bowl's wall, but the egg's inertia keeps it at rest until it is acted upon by an outside force - namely, Gravity, which pulls it straight down into the waiting glass of water.

1. You might go through an egg or two while getting this one down pat. I suggest putting your entire set-up onto a tray during your learning period. That way, any broken eggs will be on the tray for easier clean-up.

Practice hitting the side of the bowl with just enough force to knock it and the toilet paper tube out, but be careful of too much follow through - you do NOT want your hand to be under the falling egg!

Keep the force of your strike perpendicular to the glass - in other words, hit it sideways - no upward or downward force!

Extension Idea

Start with a Toilet Paper Roll. When you're confident and hitting that every time, try moving up to a paper towel roll!

© Hema and Eric Bulmer. All rights reserved.

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Last Modified: May 24, 2022 by Tara Gerner Leave a Comment

Egg Drop - Easy Kids Science Experiment

A kid hanging out a window with an egg drop experiment

The egg drop experiment seeks to answer the question how can I keep an egg from breaking? This is an old experiment done by many kids over many years, and it never seems to lose its fun factor.

As soon as they learned one of our Super Science Summer experiments was an egg drop, my kids grabbed the materials and went to town. It was the very first experiment of the whole summer and I have to admit, they didn't do very well at it.

I think the key to a good egg drop is understanding the concepts ahead of time.

Then again, they might not care about the concepts and just want to drop eggs from high heights.

Either way is okay, I guess, but the idea of Super Science Summer is to get them thinking and doing real science, so the concepts are sort of important.

All that said, my kids had no interest in the concepts. They only want to do the thing, and I let them because I'm fun like that. We'll probably try it again another time this summer and talk more about the transfer of energy and inertia.

Egg Drop Materials

The materials for this experiment are really simple.

  • Eggs - if your kids are anything like mine, you will need the better part of a dozen
  • Paper towels - You're going to need a lot of these throughout the summer, so get a couple of rolls.
  • Duct tape  - You can get this cheaper at the craft store, but don't get it at Walmart. The rolls there are too small (even though they cost less, you won't have enough tape).
  • Popsicle sticks
  • Scavenged items - Your kids will need a few other things, but you can let them scour the house on the day of the experiment. Gracie and Allie used cotton balls, plastic shopping bags, toilet paper tubes, balloons, and some coffee filters. I personally would have used a kitchen towel, but she didn't ask for my advice.

a little girl building with scrap materials

Egg Drop Instructions

  • Design and build a container that will protect an egg when it is dropped from a high height. The container should, at a minimum, have padding for the egg.
  • Drop the egg from a high height.
  • Unwrap the egg and see if it is unbroken.

That's really it. This experiment sounds super easy, but depending on where you drop your egg from, you may find that it is a real challenge!

a little girl dropping a package from a high ledge

Grace and Allie first dropped theirs from the crow's nest on their treehouse. I would guess that it's about 15 feet up, and the eggs fell onto the grass. Allie's egg broke at this height, but Grace's survived.

a little girl with a package and an egg

Since Grace's egg survived the first drop, we decided to drop it out my bedroom window over the driveway.

a little girl dropping an egg package from a second floor window

We had high hopes about the drop out the window. Alas, it broke.

So Grace went back to the drawing board, retooled her design with lots of plastic bags duct taped around the egg.

It still didn't work.

The third egg broke, too.

a little girl looking disappointed about her egg that\'s been unwrapped

So then she gave up. Like I said above, hopefully we'll give this another try later on in the summer.

The Science

Newton's First Law of Motion states that an object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion - unless an outside force acts on it. This is called inertia . In this case, the egg falls because of gravity, and it keeps falling until something (the ground) stops it. The egg is moving really fast when it hits the ground, so the force is big. The large force breaks the egg unless there is something in the way to provide cushion and absorb the force.

There's a second thing going on here, and that is energy. When the egg is up high, it has a lot of potential energy. Potential energy is the energy of position. When you drop it, the potential energy gets converted to kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. When the egg suddenly stops, the kinetic energy is lost in the collision. Or actually, it's not lost. It is disbursed through the egg, and that shatters the shell. So you have to do something to absorb the kinetic energy so that it can't shatter the egg.

Extend the Experiment

You could start this experiment by dropping the egg from above your head. And then drop it from a ladder and then something higher. See how high you can go before the egg breaks.

Here's a really well done YouTube video explaining five designs that will work well, as well as the science behind the whole egg drop business. It's a little less than ten minutes long. Good stuff.

Check out Super Science Summer , my at-home science summer camp going on for 11 weeks in 2016!

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Inertia: the Egg Drop

The above version requires Quicktime 7 To play a smaller version of the video, left-click here; to download the video, right-click here (PC) and "save link as" or control-click (Mac) and "save target as"

The Big Idea

An object in motion will stay in motion in a straight line unless acted on by an outside force. An object dropped from a moving vehicle will fall in an arc, continuing to move forward as it falls.

All matter has the tendency to continue doing what it is already doing - moving if it is moving, and staying at rest if it is at rest - unless it is acted on by an outside force. This property is an object's inertia , which comes from the Latin for "laziness." In this demonstration, as the chicken drops the egg, it continues forward even as it falls. You can see that the egg follows directly under the chicken's hand in the following stills:

Notice that relative to the car, the egg is falling straight down. Relative to the pan, however, the egg is falling in an arc, since it continues moving forward even as it is acted on by gravity. It only stops moving forward when it is acted on by the force of friction with the ground. Since the above images are framed around the car, it may be hard to imagine the "pan's" perspective. Take a look at the stills framed differently:

This is similar to a child tossing a ball up to himself while riding in a train. Relative to the child and the train, the ball is going straight up and down. Relative to an observer on the train platform, the ball is going up and down in forward arcs. The concept of relative motion allows us to understand how we see things around us as being stationary even as we are all hurtling through space at tremendous speeds; it also help explain why the sun seems to be moving overhead during the day, while in fact, the effect is the result of us spinning on our axis.

Materials and Set-up

This experiment is fun to do with a car, egg and frying pan, as it was done in the video, but it is just as effective in the classroom with a set of keys. Have a student run by an sheet of paper holding a set of keys at their waist. Their goal is to let go of the keys (just let go, not throw) in order to have them hit the paper. They will soon find that they need to let go before they get to the paper. Other students will see that the keys are falling in an arc; to the student running, the keys are falling straight down. The faster the student is running, the sooner he or she must let go in order to hit the target.

Safety Issues

If you choose to do this demonstration from a car, be sure to wear seatbelts and pay attention to other things that may be going on in the parking lot where you are laying your eggs.

Human Wonder Research ©2008 Jeff Goodman, Leslie Bradbury, and Joe Murphy

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Classroom Activity

Planetary (egg) wobble and newton’s first law.

Illustration of an egg on Mars

This activity is related to a Teachable Moment from Nov. 15, 2018. See " NASA’s ‘Cyber Monday’ Mars Landing to Deliver Science Firsts. "

› Explore more on the Teachable Moments Blog

Students observe the motions of spinning eggs to determine which are raw and hard-boiled. They will apply what they have learned to understanding how scientists determine whether the center of a planet is liquid or solid.

Two eggs, one raw and one hard-boiled per group, or one set for a class demo

Paper towels

Antiseptic cleaner or wipes

Large bowl or trash can

(Optional) aluminum pie tins

  • Students should work in groups of two to three.
  • Working with raw eggs has the potential to be very messy. Have paper towels available as well as antiseptic cleaner or wipes for cleanup.
  • Model gentle egg spinning, as too much misdirected force could send an egg off of a desk or table and onto the floor. If desks are small, consider providing each team with an aluminum pie tin in which to conduct their experiment.
  • If students working in groups is not feasible, this activity can be done as a demo for the class.

NASA’s InSight spacecraft will land on Mars in November 2018. Aboard InSight is a radio-science experiment called RISE, or Rotation and Interior Structure Experiment. RISE will help determine whether Mars’ core is liquid and which elements, besides iron, may be present. RISE will accomplish this by gathering information on Mars’ wobble as it orbits the sun. Just as Earth completes a wobble every 18 Earth years as it is pushed and pulled by the Moon, Mars completes a wobble every one Mars year (two Earth years). Learning more about Mars’ wobble will give us more information about the interior of Mars and the forces causing the wobble.

RISE works like a mirror, returning a signal sent to the lander from Earth. Changes in the signal, known as a Doppler shift, are measured and this information reveals the location (within centimeters) of the InSight lander and Mars in space. Scientists can use this information, collected over the course of InSight's mission, to understand just how much Mars wobbles in its orbit. Measuring the wobble tells us about the distribution of mass and materials inside the planet, outside forces acting on the planet, such as the gravitational attraction of moons, and whether there is any “sloshing” or moving of the center of mass, which would indicate a liquid core. This movement of the center of mass can be demonstrated by spinning a raw egg as indicated in the following activity.

The following activity also calls for a discussion of Newton’s first law, which states that an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force, and an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Inertia is the property of a body that makes it oppose any force that would cause a change in its motion. If a body is solid with no liquid parts, such as a hard-boiled egg, it will be relatively easy to place into motion or bring to rest because all the parts of the body act as one. Merely bringing the shell to rest will bring the whole egg to rest. However, if a body has interior liquid, such as a raw egg, it will be more difficult to place into motion or bring to rest because the liquid inside the egg experiences a delay in the application of the force applied to the shell. Stopping a spinning raw egg takes more force than stopping a spinning hard-boiled egg of the same mass because the liquid center of a raw egg will continue spinning after a force is applied to the shell.

  • Show students two identical-looking eggs and tell them that one is raw and one is hard-boiled. Ask them to guess which one is which. Ask them to explain their reasoning.
  • Ask how we might determine which is which aside from breaking the shells. Some students may wish to handle the eggs and try various ways of making the determination.
  • Explain that since we don’t know for sure which egg is raw, we must handle both eggs with care, as if they are raw. Distribute a pair of eggs, one raw and one hard-boiled, to teams of students for investigation. Have paper towels and antiseptic cleaner at hand in case of accidents.

Egg spinning technique. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech | + Expand image

  • Allow students to experiment with any method of differentiating the eggs that will not result in broken egg shells.
  • After students have experimented for a few minutes, ask them to make a mark on the egg they think is hard boiled. Ask them to explain their reasoning. Ask students to critique the reasoning of other groups and decide which, if any, have plausible ways to tell the difference.
  • Tell each team to spin each egg as shown in the video clip.
  • Ask them to determine if there is any difference in the way the two eggs spin. Observations might include that one egg spins faster than the other, that one wobbles or that one spins longer than the other. If students cannot see any difference, have them place a dot near but not on one of the ends of the eggs and spin the eggs again. Watching the dot as the egg spins might make spin differences more obvious.

Egg spinning interrupted. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech | + Expand image

  • Ask students if the spin differences offer any clues as to whether the interior of the eggs are liquid or solid. Ask them to hypothesize about what information spin differences might give. Invite teams to revise or confirm their decision about which egg is hard-boiled.
  • Tell teams to spin each egg again, but this time, once the egg is spinning, have them momentarily place a finger on top of the egg to stop the spin, then release. It’s important to only touch the egg to bring it to a stop and then release, not leaving their finger on the egg too long.
  • Ask students what differences they observe. Ask them to think about and say what this might mean about the interior of the egg. Invite teams to revise or confirm their decision about which egg is hard-boiled.
  • Engage students in a discussion about the center of mass of an object. A spinning object, such as an egg, will spin about its center of mass. If an object is solid, the center of mass is in one immovable location. If an object is part liquid, the center of mass can shift when the liquid shifts. Ask students what a shifting center of mass could mean for the motion of a spinning object (it would wobble as it spins about a point that is moving). Invite teams to revise or confirm their decision about which egg is hard-boiled, spinning the eggs again as needed.
  • Engage students in a discussion about Newton’s first law of motion: An object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Explain that this resistance to a change in motion is called “inertia.” Discuss the applications of inertia to the current experiment. The egg will stay at rest until acted upon by an outside force (the spin provided by your hand). The egg will stay in motion until acted upon by an outside force (friction). Ask students to use their understanding of inertia to explain why one egg starts spinning after it is momentarily stopped by the touch of a finger and the other egg remains stopped. Students should be able to make the connection between a liquid inside continuing to move as a result of inertia, even though the shell is momentarily stopped. Invite teams to revise or confirm their decision about which egg is hard-boiled.
  • Have each team bring their eggs, one team at a time, to the front of the class and crack them over a large bowl or trash can to reveal if their hypothesis was correct.
  • Explain that we do not know if the core of Mars is solid or liquid, but the science instrument RISE on NASA’s InSight lander is about to find out. Ask students which method would be easier to use at Mars, the wobble or inertia, and ask them to explain why. Answer: wobble because we cannot stop and start the spinning of Mars.
  • Show an image of the InSight lander and point out RISE. Explain that it is a radio-science experiment that will precisely measure the location of InSight on the surface of Mars over the duration of the lander’s life, giving scientists information about the Red Planet’s wobble. These wobble observations will provide detailed information on the size of Mars' iron-rich core. They will help determine whether the core is liquid and which other elements, besides iron, may be present.

Ask students to discuss other practical uses of center of mass and inertia.

  • Evaluate students' ability to tell the difference between a raw and a hard-boiled egg without cracking the shell.
  • Evaluate students' ability to explain their reasoning using scientific terms.
  • Evaluate students' ability to connect the egg experiment to planetary exploration.

Have students research what is known about the core of other planets in our solar system.

Explore More

Resources and activities.

  • Teachable Moment: NASA InSight Lander to Get First Look at ‘Heart’ of Mars
  • Teachable Moment: NASA’s ‘Cyber Monday’ Mars Landing to Deliver Science Firsts
  • InSight Lessons
  • Mars Lessons
  • Mars Activities for Students
  • RISE Instrument
  • InSight Science Instruments
  • Video Series: "Mars in a Minute"

Feature Stories and Podcasts

  • InSight Podcast: "On a Mission"
  • "NASA/JPL Interns Join Mars Landing-Site Dude to Prepare for Touchdown" – Nov. 26, 2018
  • "The 'Claw Game' on Mars Plays to Win" – Oct. 16, 2018
  • "NASA's InSight Will Study Mars While Standing Still" – Oct. 24, 2018
  • "The Mars InSight Landing Site is Just Plain Perfect" – Nov. 5, 2018

Websites and Interactives

  • InSight Mission Website
  • Experience InSight Interactive
  • NASA Mars Exploration Website
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Egg inertia

Follow FizzicsEd 150 Science Experiments:

You will need

  • One drinking glass, three-quarters full of water
  • One sheet of newspaper
  • One cardboard toilet roll
  • One plastic tray or plate (This piece of equipment must cover the glass, be flat on the bottom and have a raised lip around the top)
  • One egg (if a student has egg allergies you can change this to a water bomb instead)

Egg inertia science experiment - materials needed

  • Instruction

Egg inertia science experiment - paper on table

Place the newspaper on the table, to stop the splashing water getting the table wet.

Egg inertia science experiment - glass in the center of the paper

Place the glass of water in the middle of the newspaper.

Egg inertia science experiment - paper roll on the lid

Place the tray/plate on top of the glass, and stand the toilet paper roll on top of it. Note: Make sure the toilet paper roll is directly above the glass of water. We don’t want our egg to hit the table instead of the water!

Egg inertia science experiment - egg sitting on top of the paper roll

“Ready for a karate chop!”

Add your egg on top of the toilet paper roll. Use a water bomb if there a egg allergies in the room.

Egg inertia science experiment - Karate chopping the lid

Now for the tricky part. You need to very quickly knock the tray/plate sideways, using a kind of “sideways karate chop” technique. The tray will fly horizontally, and the raised lip on the edge will catch the toilet roll, and the egg should fall straight down into the water, and stay un-cracked!

Variation: Try this experiment without the water in the glass!

A purple and a green Easter eggs in a palm of a hand

For a bit of fun at Easter, use chocolate eggs for the ‘egg-speriment’ instead 🙂

A man pointing at a bicycle wheel spinning horizontally on a desk (balancing by itself)

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Why Does This Happen

Isaac Newton’s First Law of Motion says that an object that’s moving will continue to stay moving, and one that’s stationary will continue to stay still unless a new force is applied to it.

While the egg is balancing on the toilet roll, the egg isn’t moving and so it wants to remain that way. When you knock the tray sideways, you apply a force that moves it quickly out of the way. The raised lip on the tray transfers this force to the toilet roll and it too flies sideways. At this point, the egg is still stationary for just a split second, until gravity gets a hold of it and pulls it down into the glass.

This is the same principle that makes the classic magic trick, where a magician whips a tablecloth off a table leaving the crockery and cutlery still there, work.

Road safety application.

Inertia (the tendency of moving objects to stay moving) is critical to understand when you’re thinking about road safety. Without seatbelts in our cars, our bodies would keep moving forwards if our car stops suddenly, for example in a crash. The seatbelt applies a force to our bodies that slow them down, stopping us going flying. The same goes for loose objects that are hanging around in the back seat of your car – an unrestrained object can move forwards in a car crash and can become a projectile.

Variables to test

More on variables here

  • How lightly can you hit the tray and still have the gg fall into the glass?
  • Does this work if swap the egg out for a much heavier or lighter object?

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COMMENTS

  1. Egg Drop Inertia Challenge

    Egg Drop Inertia Challenge Demonstrate gravity, motion, and other forces with this incredible science trick. ... you'll find the perfect tray to hold three cardboard tubes and three eggs. It's no longer a science experiment . . . it's an obsession with the law of inertia and gravity. Wake the kids, phone the neighbors—this is going to ...

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    Don't drop the egg! Or do? Science Educator Becky Wolfe and her daughter MJ share a special Easter edition of Real Science! The challenge: Get an egg into a ...

  6. Egg Drop Experiment

    Egg Drop Challenge. Fill a clear glass cup about three-quarters full of water. Place a plastic or paper plate on top of the glass. Stand an empty cardboard toilet paper roll on the plate. Place an egg on the top of the cardboard roll. Quickly but carefully knock the plate out from under the cardboard tube and egg.

  7. Museum at Home: Egg Drop Inertia

    The Egg Drop is a classic science demonstration that illustrates Newton's Laws of Motion, namely inertia. The challenge sounds so simple—just get the egg into the glass of water, but there are a few obstacles. The egg is perched high above the water on a cardboard tube, and a pie plate sits between the tube and the water.

  8. Slow Motion Egg Drop Inertia Experiment

    In this experiment, your family will discover how gravity makes saving a falling egg easier than it sounds! You'll demonstrate gravity, motion, and other fo...

  9. Egg Drop

    It's all about Inertia! Inertia says an object, the egg in this case, will stay at rest, unless an outside force acts upon it, your hand in this case. When you move the pie pan with your hand, gravity takes over and pulls the egg straight down into the glass of water. Extra Experiments: Try adding food coloring to the water, just for a fun ...

  10. Drop the Egg into a Glass of Water

    The support comes out from under the egg so for a brief nanosecond the egg does not move, until gravity takes over and pulls it down into the glass. October 1, 2010 / 1 Comment Tags: classic egg drop experiment , Egg Drop , inertia , newton's first law of motion , Newtons Laws of Motion , sir issac newton

  11. PDF The Great Egg Drop Project

    The egg drop experiment is perfect for learning about gravity and about how materials interact with one another. The end goal of the experiment is for students to create ... inertia (the tendency of an object to resist change with regard to movement based on its mass), or power (the ability to exert energy over time), it may be

  12. Egg Drop Project

    Egg Drop Project. This is the classic egg drop experiment. Students try to build a structure that will prevent a raw egg from breaking when dropped from a significant height. They should think about creating a design that would reduce the amount of energy transferred from potential to kinetic energy on the egg shell.

  13. The Science Behind the Egg Drop Experiment

    Newton's Laws of Motion are the basic principles illustrated in the egg drop experiment. Sir Isaac Newton published his Laws of Motion in 1687 and fundamentally altered scientists' understanding of the world by describing the relationship between force and motion. The first of these laws is referred to as The Law of Inertia.

  14. The Egg Drop Challenge!

    Place the tube on its end in the center of the tray. Place the egg horizontally on the tube. When ready, strike the tray hard enough with your palm to send the tray flying, but not so hard you hit the glass of water. If all goes well, the tray and paper tube will go flying, but the egg will safely drop into the water.

  15. The Incredible Inertial Egg Drop! (Physics)

    Newton's First Law of Motion (the Law of Inertia) says that objects at rest tend to stay at rest unless acted upon by a force. That's why this works - the egg has significantly more inertia than either the bowl or the tube, and is therefore much more difficult to stir from rest. When you apply force to the bowl, the tube is knocked out by the ...

  16. Egg Drop

    The egg drop experiment seeks to answer the question how can I keep an egg from breaking? This is an old experiment done by many kids over many years, and it never seems to lose its fun factor. ... This is called inertia. In this case, the egg falls because of gravity, and it keeps falling until something (the ground) stops it. The egg is ...

  17. Human Wonder Research: Egg Drop

    This property is an object's inertia, which comes from the Latin for "laziness." In this demonstration, as the chicken drops the egg, it continues forward even as it falls. You can see that the egg follows directly under the chicken's hand in the following stills: Notice that relative to the car, the egg is falling straight down. Relative to ...

  18. Egg Drop Science Experiment For Kids

    Build your own tower and place an egg at the very top! Then if you are brave enough, knock the tower over and see if the egg will land in the glass of water ...

  19. Planetary (Egg) Wobble and Newton's First Law

    Discuss the applications of inertia to the current experiment. The egg will stay at rest until acted upon by an outside force (the spin provided by your hand). The egg will stay in motion until acted upon by an outside force (friction). Ask students to use their understanding of inertia to explain why one egg starts spinning after it is ...

  20. Egg Drop Inertia

    Egg Drop Inertia Challenge How does it work? Newton's First Law of Motion : INERTIAThe Law of Inertia states that an object has a tendency to stay at rest or...

  21. Egg inertia : Fizzics Education

    Instruction. 1. Place the newspaper on the table, to stop the splashing water getting the table wet. 2. Place the glass of water in the middle of the newspaper. 3. Place the tray/plate on top of the glass, and stand the toilet paper roll on top of it. Note: Make sure the toilet paper roll is directly above the glass of water.

  22. Egg Drop Inertia Challenge

    It's one of the coolest science tricks guaranteed to amaze your friends, but the real question is do you have the nerve to try it? There's no doubt that bot...

  23. Egg Drop Inertia Challenge

    The Spangler Effect series was created by Steve Spangler in partnership with YouTube's Original Content Creator Project.© 2012 Steve Spangler, Inc. All Right...