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Documenting a Decade of Cost Declines for PV Systems

Nrel marks ongoing cost reductions for installed photovoltaic systems, while also establishing benchmark of pv-plus-storage systems.

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL’s) U.S. Solar Photovoltaic System and Energy Storage Cost Benchmark: Q1 2020 is now available, documenting a decade of cost reductions in solar and battery storage installations across utility, commercial, and residential sectors. NREL’s cost benchmarking applies a bottom-up methodology that captures variation in system design and regional costs, helping to identify future research and development directions that could further reduce costs.

Four bar graphs that show steadily decreasing costs of solar for residential PV, commercial rooftop PV, utility-scale PV at a fixed tilt, and utility-scale PV as a one-axis tracker.

The cost of solar continues to decline across residential, commercial, and utility-scale PV systems, driven largely by increased module efficiency as well as lowered hardware and inverter costs.

The last decade has shown a sharp, though now steadying, decline in costs, driven largely by photovoltaic (PV) module efficiencies (now 19.5%, up from 19.2% in 2019) and hardware and inverter costs. Since 2010, there has been a 64%, 69%, and 82% reduction in the cost of residential, commercial-rooftop, and utility-scale PV systems, respectively. As in previous years, soft costs remain a large and persistent portion of installation costs, for both solar and storage systems, and especially for commercial and residential systems.

“A significant portion of the cost declines over the past decade can be attributed to an 85% cost decline in module price. A decade ago, the module alone cost around $2.50 per watt, and now an entire utility-scale PV system costs around $1 per watt,” said NREL Senior Financial Analyst David Feldman. “With similar reductions in hardware costs for storage systems, PV and storage have become vastly more affordable energy resources across the nation.”

Expanding Scope to PV Plus Storage

This year’s benchmark report integrates PV-plus-storage costs, demonstrating that these also fell from the first quarter of 2019 to the first quarter of 2020. The new benchmark includes varying hours of storage capacities, reflecting diverse customer preferences for resilience.

Additionally, NREL has calculated the levelized cost of solar-plus-storage (LCOSS), which tracks the total cost of operating a PV-plus-storage plant on a per-megawatt-hour basis. LCOSS was used to establish a 2020 benchmark of PV-plus-storage systems and will be useful for identifying future goals in the same way that the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO) has established PV price targets.

Three bar graphs that show price comparisons for levelized cost of solar-plus-storage and levelized cost of energy in residential, commercial ground-mount, and utility scale systems.

LCOSS for grid-coupled PV-plus-storage systems and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for PV standalone systems, by market segment, Q1 2020. The graph shows prices for each with and without the federal investment tax credit (ITC) for solar installations.

Tracking SETO Targets

In 2010, SETO announced unsubsidized PV price targets for 2020. Per this year’s benchmarking, residential and commercial systems are 93% and 97% toward achieving the 2020 targets of 10 cents per kilowatt-hour (kWh) and 8 cents/kWh, respectively. Utility systems, which met 2020 price targets three years early, are progressing towards SETO’s 2030 target for utility systems of 3 cents/kWh.

In pursuit of 2030 targets, the benchmark report notes that business innovations, partnerships, and continued R&D will be necessary to lower costs further. Although soft costs—such as labor, interconnection with the electric grid, profits, and overheard—often dominate current system costs, improvements in one area often affect others, such as high-efficiency modules reducing labor and material costs by requiring less products installed. Future cost reductions could be attained from a combination of improvements.

You can download the report , along with an accompanying slide deck , and a public version of the underlying data set .

The report authors will also summarize key findings from the report via webinar on Feb. 24, 2021, at 12 p.m. ET/10 a.m. MT.

Register for the webinar here.

Learn more NREL solar system cost analysis .

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ERIA Encourages the Promotion of Innovative Technologies for Food, Agriculture, and Forestry Systems

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Bali, 24 July 2024: The ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly (AIPA), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) organised the 'Second Joint Event on Fostering Parliamentary Action and Collaboration for Effective Implementation of the ASEAN Guidelines on Promoting Responsible Investment in Food, Agriculture, and Forestry' from 23 to 26 July 2024 in Bali, Indonesia. The event gathered AIPA Member Parliaments together with policymakers and representatives from the private sector, civil society, and academia to foster collaboration on promoting responsible investment in food, agriculture, and forestry.

During the plenary session, Dr Kentaro Yamada, an ERIA Policy Fellow, was invited as a speaker to encourage the promotion of innovative technologies for food, agriculture, and forestry systems. Dr Yamada presented the key findings of the ERIA project on Building and Enhancing Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems in ASEAN countries. He highlighted that digital agriculture and carbon measurement remain underdeveloped initiatives within the region. Additionally, Dr Yamada pointed out the significant gap between CLMV and non-CLMV countries in implementing these initiatives. In light of these challenges, he stressed the importance of formulating supportive policies and actions tailored to the specific needs of CLMV countries.

Dr Yamada highlighted several potential factors for installing and diffusing new technologies, including the adoption process of transferable technology, financial support, and policy initiatives. He emphasised that supporting activities, such as knowledge-sharing workshops, pilot projects, research studies, human resource development, and platform development, are necessary to enhance the adoption process. The collaboration of public–private partnerships is crucial for the successful implementation of these activities. Dr Yamada also introduced the ERIA Digital Innovation and Sustainable Economy Centre (E-DISC) and its potential support for the adoption process of new technology in agri-food systems. He also stated that financial support is necessary for almost every activity.

In the final part of the ERIA presentation, Dr Yamada explained ASEAN’s commitment to advancing innovative technology through strategic policy development, such as the ASEAN Guidelines. As the initiatives vary amongst the countries, taking into account the ASEAN Regional Initiatives would be advantageous. Through the guidelines, the ASEAN Member States could share best practices for the technology that has been applied in their countries.

During the following discussion, the moderator inquired about ERIA's support to promote digital technologies. Dr Yamada proposed leveraging ERIA’s initiatives, including E-DISC and its human resource development programme, as key methods to advance digital technology adoption. ERIA is working closely with the ASEAN Secretariat to promote agricultural sustainability in the ASEAN region through research and knowledge dissemination.

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