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The Cause and effect essay is another common essay type, either as an essay type on its own, or as part of a larger essay which includes one or more paragraphs examining causes and effects. This page gives information on what a cause and effect essay is , how to structure this type of essay, and how to use cause and effect structure words (transition signals) for this type of essay. There is also an example cause and effect essay on the topic of women at work, as well as some exercises to help you practice this area.
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A cause and effect essay looks at the reasons (or causes) for something, then discusses the results (or effects). For this reason, cause and effect essays are sometimes referred to as reason and result essays. They are one of the most common forms of organisation in academic writing. Sometimes the whole essay will be cause and effect, though sometimes this may be only part of the whole essay. It is also possible, especially for short exam essays, that only the causes or the effects, not both, are discussed. See the examples below.
There are two main ways to structure a cause and effect essay. These are similar to the ways to structure problem-solution essays , namely using a block or a chain structure. For the block structure, all of the causes are listed first, and all of the effects are listed afterwards. For the chain structure, each cause is followed immediately by the effect. Usually that effect will then be the cause of the next effect, which is why this structure is called 'chain'. Both types of structure have their merits. The former is generally clearer, especially for shorter essays, while the latter ensures that any effects you present relate directly to the causes you have given.
The two types of structure, block and chain , are shown in the diagram below.
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Cause and effect structure words are transition signals which show the cause and effect relationships. It is important to be clear which is the cause (or reason) and which is the effect (or result), and to use the correct transition word or phrase. Remember that a cause happens first , and the effect happens later .
Below are some common cause and effect structure words. X is used to indicate a cause, while Y is used to indicate the effect.
Below is a cause and effect essay. This essay uses the block structure . Click on the different areas (in the shaded boxes to the right) to highlight the different structural aspects in this essay, i.e. Causes, Effects, and structure words. This will highlight not simply the paragraphs, but also the thesis statement and summary , as these repeat the causes and effects contained in the main body.
Title: More and more women are now going out to work and some women are now the major salary earner in the family. What are the causes of this, and what effect is this having on families and society?
In the past, most women stayed at home to take care of domestic chores such as cooking or cleaning. Women's liberation and feminism have meant that this situation has been transformed and in contemporary society women are playing an almost equal role to men in terms of work. This has had significant consequences , both in terms of the family , for example by improving quality of life and increasing children's sense of independence , and also for society itself with greater gender equality . The main reasons behind the increase of women in the workplace are women's liberation and feminism. The women's liberation movement originated in the 1960s and was popularised by authors such as Simone de Beauvoir. As a consequence of this, new legislation emerged, granting women equal rights to men in many fields, in particular employment. Because of feminist ideas, men have taken up roles which were previously seen as being for women only, most importantly those related to child rearing. As a result of this, women have more time to pursue their own careers and interests. These have led to some significant effects, both to family life and to society as a whole. Although the earning capacity of a woman in her lifetime is generally much less than that of a man, she can nevertheless make a significant contribution to the family income. The most important consequence of this is an improved quality of life. By helping to maintain a steady income for the family, the pressure on the husband is considerably reduced, hence improving both the husband's and the wife's emotional wellbeing. Additionally, the purchasing power of the family will also be raised. This means that the family can afford more luxuries such as foreign travel and a family car. A further effect on the family is the promotion of independence in the children. Some might argue that having both parents working might be damaging to the children because of a lack of parental attention. However, such children have to learn to look after themselves at an earlier age, and their parents often rely on them to help with the housework. This therefore teaches them important life skills. As regards society, the most significant impact of women going to work is greater gender equality. There are an increasing number of women who are becoming politicians, lawyers, and even CEOs and company managers. This in turn has led to greater equality for women in all areas of life, not just employment. For example, women today have much stronger legal rights to protect themselves against domestic violence and sexual discrimination in the workplace. In conclusion, the increasing number of women at work has brought about some important changes to family life, including improved quality of life and increased independence for children, as well as affecting society itself. It is clear that the sexes are still a long way from being equal in all areas of life, however, and perhaps the challenge for the present century is to ensure that this takes place.
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Below is a checklist for cause and effect essays. Use it to check your own writing, or get a peer (another student) to help you.
The essay is a essay | ||
An appropriate is used, either or | ||
Cause and effect are used accurately | ||
The essay has clear | ||
Each paragraph has a clear | ||
The essay has strong support (facts, reasons, examples, etc.) | ||
The conclusion includes a of the main points |
Find out how to write problem-solution essays in the next section.
Go back to the previous section about compare & contrast essays .
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Author: Sheldon Smith ‖ Last modified: 16 January 2022.
Sheldon Smith is the founder and editor of EAPFoundation.com. He has been teaching English for Academic Purposes since 2004. Find out more about him in the about section and connect with him on Twitter , Facebook and LinkedIn .
Compare & contrast essays examine the similarities of two or more objects, and the differences.
Cause & effect essays consider the reasons (or causes) for something, then discuss the results (or effects).
Discussion essays require you to examine both sides of a situation and to conclude by saying which side you favour.
Problem-solution essays are a sub-type of SPSE essays (Situation, Problem, Solution, Evaluation).
Transition signals are useful in achieving good cohesion and coherence in your writing.
Reporting verbs are used to link your in-text citations to the information cited.
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Cause-and-effect essay structure is a way of exploring relationships between ideas and events.
If you're a student, chances are you'll encounter a cause and effect essay during your studies. This type of essay is all about exploring the relationship between a specific event (the cause) and its outcomes (the effects). But don't worry, we've got you covered with this easy-to-follow guide that breaks down everything you need to know about what is cause and effect essay and the steps for writing it. So get set to dive into the fascinating world of cause and effect as we equip you with the skills to ace this writing task like a pro!
A cause and effect essay is a unique type of essay that focuses on examining the reasons (causes) behind an event or phenomenon and the resulting consequences (effects) that occur as a result. What sets it apart from other essays is its emphasis on establishing a clear cause-and-effect relationship between two or more variables.
In a cause and effect essay, the writer analyzes and explains the connections between the causes and effects, providing evidence and supporting details to illustrate the relationship. This type of essay requires critical thinking, logical reasoning, and a structured approach to present the causal chain effectively.
Unlike descriptive or narrative essays that focus on storytelling or presenting facts, cause and effect essays delve into the underlying causes and explore the outcomes, aiming to inform and educate the reader about the relationships between different factors.
A cause and effect essay is a type of academic writing that explores the reasons (causes) and outcomes (effects) of a particular event, situation, or phenomenon. It aims to analyze the relationship between these causes and effects, providing a comprehensive understanding of how one factor leads to another. When structuring a cause and effect essay, there are several approaches you can take. Here are three common types of cause and effect essay structure from our experts:
Continue this pattern for additional causes if necessary.
Continue this pattern for additional causes and effects.
So Do Them, Leave Essay Writing for the Experts!
I. Introduction
A. Explanation of cause and effect essays
B. Hook: 'Have you ever wondered how excessive screen time affects academic performance?'
C. Thesis statement: Excessive screen time negatively impacts academic performance due to decreased focus, impaired cognitive abilities, and reduced study time.
II. Body Paragraph 1: Cause 1 - Decreased Focus
A. Topic sentence: Excessive screen time leads to decreased focus.
B. Explanation: Constant exposure to screens can overstimulate the brain and make it harder to concentrate on academic tasks.
C. Example: Studies have shown that students who spend excessive time on electronic devices during study sessions often struggle to maintain their focus, leading to reduced productivity and lower academic performance.
III. Body Paragraph 2: Cause 2 - Impaired Cognitive Abilities
A. Topic sentence: Excessive screen time impairs cognitive abilities.
B. Explanation: Prolonged screen usage can negatively impact cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and critical thinking skills.
C. Example: Research has indicated that excessive screen time, particularly in the form of video games or social media, can hinder the development of cognitive abilities, making it more difficult for students to comprehend complex concepts and retain information.
IV. Body Paragraph 3: Cause 3 - Reduced Study Time
A. Topic sentence: Excessive screen time reduces the amount of time dedicated to studying.
B. Explanation: The allure of screens can distract students and tempt them away from their academic responsibilities.
C. Example: A study conducted at XYZ University found that students who spent more time on social media or streaming platforms were more likely to allocate less time to study, resulting in poor performance on exams and assignments.
V. Conclusion
A. Restate the thesis statement: Excessive screen time has a detrimental effect on academic performance due to decreased focus, impaired cognitive abilities, and reduced study time.
B. Recap the main points discussed in each body paragraph.
C. Final thoughts: Encourage students to manage their screen time wisely to optimize their academic success.
If you are struggling to come up with a topic for your essay, consider one of these ten great cause and effect essay ideas below. Feel free to also hit us up with your ' write my essay ' request for a professionally crafted paper on your chosen topic.
Discuss the Effects of Social Media on Face-to-Face Communication
Social media has become a ubiquitous part of modern society, with platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram connecting people from all over the world. However, as social media usage has increased, so has concern over its impact on face-to-face communication. Some argue that social media has made it easier for people to stay in touch with friends and family, regardless of distance. Others worry that social media has led to a decline in the quality of face-to-face interactions, with people spending more time on their phones than engaging with those around them. This topic is ripe for exploration and analysis.
Analyze the Reasons Behind the Increased Use of Smartphones by Children
Smartphones have become a ubiquitous part of modern life, with people of all ages relying on them for communication, entertainment, and information. However, there has been a recent trend of children using smartphones at increasingly young ages. Some argue that smartphones can be a valuable tool for education and communication, while others worry that they can be addictive and harmful to children's development. This topic is worth exploring in depth, with a focus on the factors that have led to this trend and its potential long-term effects.
Explore the Impacts of Climate Change on the Natural Environment
Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing the world today, with rising temperatures, sea levels, and extreme weather events all having profound impacts on the natural environment. This topic is complex and multifaceted, with a range of potential causes and effects to explore. Some of the key areas to consider might include the impact of climate change on ecosystems, wildlife, and natural resources, as well as the potential long-term consequences for human societies.
Investigate the Effects of Pollution on Human Health
Pollution is a major problem in many parts of the world, with air, water, and soil pollution all having serious consequences for human health. This topic is worth exploring in depth, with a focus on the specific ways in which pollution can impact different aspects of human health, including respiratory health, cardiovascular health, and mental health. Some of the key factors to consider might include the impact of pollution on vulnerable populations, such as children and the elderly, as well as potential strategies for prevention and mitigation.
Discuss How Social Isolation Can Lead to Mental Health Issues
Social isolation is a growing problem in many parts of the world, with people of all ages and backgrounds feeling increasingly disconnected from their communities and social networks. This topic is worth exploring in depth, with a focus on the specific ways in which social isolation can impact mental health. Some of the key areas to consider might include the impact of social isolation on depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders, as well as potential strategies for prevention and treatment.
Analyze the Reasons Behind the Rise of Populism in Politics
Populism has become an increasingly prominent force in politics in recent years, with populist politicians and movements gaining ground in many parts of the world. This topic is complex and multifaceted, with a range of potential causes and effects to explore. Some of the key areas to consider might include the impact of economic inequality, globalization, and cultural change on the rise of populism, as well as potential strategies for addressing this trend.
Explore the Impacts of the Internet on the Traditional Media Industry
The internet has had a profound impact on the media industry, with traditional forms of media such as newspapers, television, and radio facing increasing competition from online sources. This topic is worth exploring in depth, with a focus on the specific ways in which the internet has disrupted traditional media models. Some of the key areas to consider might include the impact of social media on news consumption, the rise of citizen journalism, and the challenges facing traditional media outlets in the digital age.
Examine the Factors that Lead to the Growth of Online Shopping
Online shopping has become an increasingly popular way for people to purchase goods and services, with e-commerce platforms like Amazon and eBay dominating the retail landscape. This topic is worth exploring in depth, with a focus on the specific factors that have contributed to the growth of online shopping. Some of the key areas to consider might include the impact of convenience and accessibility, the rise of mobile devices, and the changing demographics of consumers.
Investigate the Effects of Globalization on Local Industries
Globalization has had a profound impact on the world economy, with goods, services, and capital flowing more freely across borders than ever before. This topic is worth exploring in depth, with a focus on the specific ways in which globalization has affected local industries. Some of the key areas to consider might include the impact of outsourcing and offshoring on employment, the role of multinational corporations in shaping local economies, and the potential benefits and drawbacks of globalization for different regions of the world.
Analyze The Impact of Social Media on Sleep Quality
Analyzing the impact of social media on sleep quality requires examining various factors related to social media usage and its effects on sleep patterns. Investigate the correlation between the amount of time individuals spend on social media platforms and their sleep quality. Excessive use of social media may lead to delayed bedtime, shorter sleep duration, or disrupted sleep. You can also explore the impact of blue light emitted by electronic devices, including smartphones and tablets, which are commonly used for social media browsing.
In this section, we will unravel the essential elements of how to write a cause and effect essay, equipping you with the tips to present a logical and well-supported argument.
The first step in writing a great cause and effect examples essay is choosing the right topic. Consider something that interests you and is relevant to your academic field. The cause and effect essay topics should also be specific enough to allow for in-depth analysis in your assignment.
Once you have identified your topic, it is important to do extensive research to gather sufficient information to support your arguments. Use scholarly sources such as academic journals, books, or reputable websites to do your research.
The thesis statement is the core idea of your essay and should be presented in the opening paragraph. It is a single sentence that clearly states the cause and effect relationship you will be discussing in the essay. A well-crafted thesis statement is critical to the success of your essay.
Creating a cause and effect essay outline is a crucial element of the writing process. It helps in organizing your thoughts and providing a clear structure for your essay. Divide your essay into an introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion.
The introduction is the first paragraph of your essay, and it should catch the reader's attention and provide background information on the topic at hand. The introduction should also include the thesis statement.
The body paragraphs should discuss the causes and effects of the event or topic at hand. Each paragraph should discuss one specific cause or effect followed by supporting evidence from your research.
The cause and effect essay conclusion should restate the thesis statement and provide a summary of your arguments. It should also demonstrate the relationship between the various causes and effects you have discussed.
The final step is to proofread and edit your essay. Ensure that your grammar, spelling, and punctuation are all correct and that your ideas are presented in a clear and concise manner.
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You can order an essay from professional writers have meticulously crafted a sample essay that delves into the cause and effect relationship between air pollution on human health.
Title: The Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health
Air pollution is a prevalent issue that has detrimental effects on human health. This essay will explore the multiple causes and consequences of air pollution, highlighting the interconnectedness between environmental factors and public well-being.
The primary cause of air pollution is industrial emissions. Factories and power plants release harmful pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, into the atmosphere. These pollutants contribute to the formation of smog, which can be inhaled by individuals, leading to respiratory problems such as asthma, bronchitis, and lung cancer. Furthermore, vehicular emissions also contribute significantly to air pollution, particularly in urban areas with heavy traffic congestion.
The effects of air pollution on human health are alarming. Prolonged exposure to polluted air can cause respiratory diseases, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Studies have also linked air pollution to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attacks and strokes. Additionally, children and the elderly are more susceptible to the harmful effects of air pollution, as their immune systems are less robust.
Moreover, air pollution has broader societal consequences. It contributes to the degradation of ecosystems, reduces crop yields, and harms biodiversity. It also poses economic burdens by increasing healthcare costs and decreasing productivity due to illnesses and absenteeism.
In conclusion, air pollution has far-reaching effects on human health and the environment. The causes, including industrial emissions and vehicular pollution, directly impact the quality of the air we breathe. The consequences, such as respiratory diseases and cardiovascular problems, highlight the urgent need for measures to mitigate and control air pollution. Efforts to reduce emissions, promote cleaner technologies, and raise public awareness are crucial steps toward safeguarding human health and preserving the environment for future generations.
In our exploration of cause and effect essays, we've covered all the essentials. We've defined what is a cause and effect essay, delved into good cause and effect essay topics, and taken a closer look at its structure.
Now, here's the deal: if you put in the time and effort to prepare, your professor will definitely notice and give you the grade you deserve. But hey, we get it! Sometimes these tasks can be confusing and eat up all your time. If that's the case, no worries! You can easily hire an essay writer to lend a hand and enjoy some well-deserved free time without the stress of assignments.
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Learning objectives.
It is often considered human nature to ask, “why?” and “how?” We want to know how our child got sick so we can better prevent it from happening in the future, or why our colleague a pay raise because we want one as well. We want to know how much money we will save over the long term if we buy a hybrid car. These examples identify only a few of the relationships we think about in our lives, but each shows the importance of understanding cause and effect.
A cause is something that produces an event or condition; an effect is what results from an event or condition. The purpose of the cause-and-effect essay is to determine how various phenomena relate in terms of origins and results. Sometimes the connection between cause and effect is clear, but often determining the exact relationship between the two is very difficult. For example, the following effects of a cold may be easily identifiable: a sore throat, runny nose, and a cough. But determining the cause of the sickness can be far more difficult. A number of causes are possible, and to complicate matters, these possible causes could have combined to cause the sickness. That is, more than one cause may be responsible for any given effect. Therefore, cause-and-effect discussions are often complicated and frequently lead to debates and arguments.
Use the complex nature of cause and effect to your advantage. Often it is not necessary, or even possible, to find the exact cause of an event or to name the exact effect. So, when formulating a thesis, you can claim one of a number of causes or effects to be the primary, or main, cause or effect. As soon as you claim that one cause or one effect is more crucial than the others, you have developed a thesis.
Consider the causes and effects in the following thesis statements. List a cause and effect for each one on your own sheet of paper.
Write three cause-and-effect thesis statements of your own for each of the following five broad topics.
The cause-and-effect essay opens with a general introduction to the topic, which then leads to a thesis that states the main cause, main effect, or various causes and effects of a condition or event.
The cause-and-effect essay can be organized in one of the following two primary ways:
For example, if your essay were on childhood obesity, you could start by talking about the effect of childhood obesity and then discuss the cause or you could start the same essay by talking about the cause of childhood obesity and then move to the effect.
Regardless of which structure you choose, be sure to explain each element of the essay fully and completely. Explaining complex relationships requires the full use of evidence, such as scientific studies, expert testimony, statistics, and anecdotes.
Because cause-and-effect essays determine how phenomena are linked, they make frequent use of certain words and phrases that denote such linkage. See Table 10.4 “Phrases of Causation” for examples of such terms.
Table 10.4 Phrases of Causation
as a result | consequently |
because | due to |
hence | since |
thus | therefore |
The conclusion should wrap up the discussion and reinforce the thesis, leaving the reader with a clear understanding of the relationship that was analyzed.
Be careful of resorting to empty speculation. In writing, speculation amounts to unsubstantiated guessing. Writers are particularly prone to such trappings in cause-and-effect arguments due to the complex nature of finding links between phenomena. Be sure to have clear evidence to support the claims that you make.
Look at some of the cause-and-effect relationships from Note 10.83 “Exercise 2” . Outline the links you listed. Outline one using a cause-then-effect structure. Outline the other using the effect-then-cause structure.
Choose an event or condition that you think has an interesting cause-and-effect relationship. Introduce your topic in an engaging way. End your introduction with a thesis that states the main cause, the main effect, or both.
Organize your essay by starting with either the cause-then-effect structure or the effect-then-cause structure. Within each section, you should clearly explain and support the causes and effects using a full range of evidence. If you are writing about multiple causes or multiple effects, you may choose to sequence either in terms of order of importance. In other words, order the causes from least to most important (or vice versa), or order the effects from least important to most important (or vice versa).
Use the phrases of causation when trying to forge connections between various events or conditions. This will help organize your ideas and orient the reader. End your essay with a conclusion that summarizes your main points and reinforces your thesis. See Chapter 15 “Readings: Examples of Essays” to read a sample cause-and-effect essay.
Choose one of the ideas you outlined in Note 10.85 “Exercise 3” and write a full cause-and-effect essay. Be sure to include an engaging introduction, a clear thesis, strong evidence and examples, and a thoughtful conclusion.
The cause-and-effect essay can be organized in one of these two primary ways:
Writing for Success Copyright © 2015 by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.
Ever wondered how things are connected in our world? Think of the butterfly effect—where a butterfly's wings in Brazil can set off a tornado in Texas. It's a quirky idea, but it shows how events are intertwined. Writing a cause and effect essay is like unraveling these connections, connecting the dots to reveal how things influence each other and shape our experiences.
In this guide, experts from our paper writing service will explore the concept of causality and share practical tips for creating great cause and effect essays. These essays won't just provide information—they'll leave a lasting impression on your readers.
A cause and effect essay is a form of writing that aims to explore and explain the relationships between different events, actions, or circumstances. The central idea is to investigate why certain things happen (causes) and what results from those occurrences (effects). It's like peeling back the layers to reveal the interconnectedness of events, understanding the domino effect in the narrative of life.
Here's a breakdown of the key components:
When crafting such an essay, you're essentially acting as a storyteller and investigator rolled into one. Your goal is to guide the reader through the web of interconnected events, providing insights into the 'why' and 'what happens next.'
Understanding how to write a cause and effect essay is like putting together a puzzle. Here are ten simple steps to help you write an engaging essay that looks into how things are connected.
1. Select a Specific Topic
2. Explore Causal Links
3. Craft a Clear Thesis Statement
4. Organize Chronologically or by Significance
5. Utilize Transitional Phrases
6. Support Arguments with Credible Evidence
7. Illustrate Chain Reactions
8. Analyze Root Causes
9. Consider Alternative Causes
10. Conclude with Impact
When setting up your essay, you can choose from different structures to make it organized. Let's look at two common types of cause and effect essay structures:
The block structure is a clear and organized way to present causes and effects in your essay. Here, you dedicate one section to discussing all the causes, covering multiple causes within each category. After that, you have another section to explore all the effects. This separation makes your ideas easy to understand.
Using the block structure allows you to dive deep into each category, thoroughly looking at causes and effects separately. It's handy when you want to give a detailed analysis and show the importance of each part of the causal relationship. This way, readers can fully grasp each element before moving on.
On the other hand, the chain structure focuses on how events are connected and create ripple effects. It highlights how one cause leads to a specific effect, and that effect becomes the cause of more effects in an ongoing chain. This method is potent for illustrating the complexity of causal relationships.
The chain structure works well when you want to emphasize the sequence of events or deal with intricate cause-and-effect scenarios. It allows you to show how actions trigger a series of reactions, displaying the domino effect that leads to a specific outcome.
Regardless of the structural style you choose, if you require assistance with your academic paper, reach out to us with your ' write my paper for me ' request. Our experienced team is ready to tailor your paper to your specific requirements and ensure its excellence.
Creating an effective cause and effect essay begins with a well-structured outline. This roadmap helps you organize your thoughts, maintain a logical flow, and ensure that your essay effectively conveys the causal relationships between events. Below, we'll outline the key components of the essay along with examples:
I. Introduction
II. Body Paragraphs
C. Causes (Continued)
D. Effects (Continued)
III. Conclusion
To help you grasp cause and effect essay writing with clarity, we have prepared two distinct essay examples that will guide you through the intricacies of both block and chain structures. Additionally, should you ever find yourself requiring assistance with academic writing or descriptive essays examples , simply send us your ' write my research paper ' request. Our expert writers are here to provide the support you need!
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Choosing a good topic starts with recognizing cause and effect key words. Here are 10 interesting topics that let you dig into fascinating connections and their important consequences:
Knowing what a cause and effect essay is and how to write it helps you uncover connections in different topics. With this guide, you can share your ideas in a clear and impactful way.
Meanwhile, if you're in need of a reaction paper example , rest assured we have you covered as well. So, seize this opportunity, put your thoughts on paper logically, and witness your essays leaving a lasting and influential mark.
Don't procrastinate when you can cause an effect on your grades right now!
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is a seasoned educational writer focusing on scholarship guidance, research papers, and various forms of academic essays including reflective and narrative essays. His expertise also extends to detailed case studies. A scholar with a background in English Literature and Education, Daniel’s work on EssayPro blog aims to support students in achieving academic excellence and securing scholarships. His hobbies include reading classic literature and participating in academic forums.
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In academic paper writing, students often tackle diverse essay types, including cause and effect essays.
Cause and effect essays act as a gauge for how well students can use logical reasoning to understand the outcomes of different actions.
However, the most crucial element while writing this type of essay is to create an outline.
Many students skip outlining, thinking it's time-consuming. While creating a cause and effect paper outline does take time, it actually saves more time during writing. Following a detailed plan makes the writing process easier, ensuring you don't miss key details and can draft a logical, organized essay.
Follow the steps given in this blog for a perfect outline.
A cause and effect essay outline is a detailed plan of action that students follow throughout the writing process. It is the key factor in writing a successful essay as it provides help in the following ways:
It is not required to write full sentences at this step. Instead, state the ideas and structure them in the right order.
Furthermore, it is important to choose a unique topic before developing an outline. Check out our compiled list of good cause and effect essay topics to grab the reader’s interest.
Cause and effect essay outline generally follows a five-paragraph format. However, the number of body paragraphs may vary according to the topic and scope of the essay. Typically, the cause and effect essay layout contains an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
Here is the complete outline format structure of a cause and effect writing:
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Follow the steps below to write an effective cause and effect essay outline.
The following is a detailed description of the steps to writing an outline.
The introduction is the first section written to give an idea of what your essay is about. It provides background information about the topic under discussion. Similarly, it also discusses the issues and focus of the essay’s main argument, along with its purpose.
Thus, try to give a general idea to the reader with the help of a thesis statement . It is crucial to emphasize how and why the chosen event is relevant to modern life.
For example, if you are writing about the Cold War, state how it is still apparent in global politics.
Furthermore, the essay introduction paragraph includes the following elements.
Start your essay with a relevant, attention-grabbing hook statement. It can be in the form of a sentence, quote, anecdote, rhetorical question, or fact. The primary purpose of such a hook is to attract the audience at the beginning of the paper.
Mention some background information on the topic to get a clear picture. It will help readers understand the event and connect with the major argument. Similarly, this element is also used to understand the cause and effect before you start writing.
It is the central element while writing an introduction. Its absence will indicate that the essay lacks a focus. It is a statement of 1-2 sentences that briefly describes the major argument of the essay.
Moreover, a writer needs to discuss this idea through all the body paragraphs. Thus, make sure to craft a strong thesis statement that correlates with the outline.
The body paragraphs provide enough details and facts about the causes that led to the effects.
This part requires the writer to explain the current situation clearly. It will help the reader to understand the primary argument. Thus, it is important to describe the situation in a way that prepares the reader for effect.
For example, if you are writing about the loss of privacy, that will lead to individual freedom. The focus should be on the technologies that affect freedom.
It explains to the reader the logical steps that move from cause to effect. It focuses on explaining what the multiple effects are and how we move from cause to effect.
Following the above example, the writer will explain the connection between privacy and freedom.
Here, a writer must discuss the importance of the findings. It is used to describe the short and long-term results of the effects. Also, suggest the recommendations to tackle the situation along with future prospects.
This paragraph will discuss the other side of the issue by identifying the major causes and effects. Also, explain the causes behind choosing a topic and how it will be relevant to modern life.
This way, you can show the logic behind the occurrence of the two variables and their possible causes and effects.
The conclusion paragraph aims to provide a brief summary of your essay. Thus, it should leave the audience with the feeling of completeness and make a final emphasis on the major ideas.
This section requires the writer to show how their perspective of the issue has changed by the following analysis. Also, it should further describe the positive and negative effects of the situation.
The conclusion includes the elements discussed below:
Write a few sentences that connect the body paragraphs with the thesis statement. It must also indicate how this statement has helped in proving the main argument of the essay.
Here you describe your general outline in strong and precise sentences. Avoid adding any new information. In case you are writing about a major event that influenced the world, such as global warming.
You should write a call to action and suggest what necessary steps need to be taken to overcome the issue.
Like a convincing introduction; the conclusion should be catchy and compelling as well. Thus, pay attention to this section while writing a college or university essay.
Describe the research outcomes, along with the importance of the essay’s arguments.
Lastly, check out the examples available online. Consider the structure and vocabulary used by most authors to write a cause and effect essay conclusion.
Refer to the example below to better understand writing a cause and effect essay.
How to Write a Cause and Effect Essay Outline – Example
Cause and Effect Essay Outline Examples
Below are the cause and effect outline examples and samples for you to understand better.
Cause and Effect Essay Outline Template
5 Paragraph Cause and Effect Essay Outline
MLA Format Cause and Effect Essay Outline
Cause and Effect Essay Outline Sample
Cause and Effect Essay Outline on Divorce
Cause and Effect Essay Outline on Global Warming
Smoking Cause and Effect Essay Outline
Obesity Cause and Effect Essay Outline
Cause and Effect Essay Outline for College Students
Cause and Effect Essay Formal Outline
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To Sum it Up! This ultimate writing guide will help you write a perfect cause and effect paper outline.
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Glossary of Grammatical and Rhetorical Terms
In composition , cause and effect is a method of paragraph or essay development in which a writer analyzes the reasons for—and/or the consequences of—an action, event, or decision.
A cause-and-effect paragraph or essay can be organized in various ways. For instance, causes and/or effects can be arranged in either chronological order or reverse chronological order. Alternatively, points can be presented in terms of emphasis , from least important to most important, or vice versa.
Cause and effect essays, learning objectives.
Cause and effect is the relationship between two things when one thing makes something else happen. For example, if we eat too much food and do not exercise, we gain weight. Eating food without exercising is the “cause;” weight gain is the “effect.” There may be multiple causes and multiple effects. Looking for the reason why things happen (cause/effect) is a basic human drive. So, understanding the cause/effect text structure is essential in learning the basic ways the world works. Writers use this text structure to show order, inform, speculate, and change behavior. This text structure uses the process of identifying potential causes of a problem or issue in an orderly way. It is often used to teach social studies and science concepts.
Sometimes writing prompts include signal words that show cause/effect relationships, such as: because , so, so that, if… then, consequently, thus, since, for, for this reason, as a result of, therefore, due to, this is how, nevertheless , and accordingly .
Figure 1 . What are some known causes of heart disease? How would you format a cause and effect assignment based on this topic?
Cause and effect writing prompts will often ask the “why” question:
Sometimes they use words like analyze , connection , or relationship :
Other prompts may ask you to explain the cause and effect relationship. Look for the verb explain as a signal word so you answer the prompt correctly.
Depending on the assignment, you may be asked to look for different kinds of cause/effect relationships:
Step 1 : Look for unstated cause-and-effect relationships
In some paragraphs, the cause-and-effect relationship is not directly stated. In these cases, you will have to “read between the lines” to find the cause-and-effect relationship. Use clues from the paragraph to identify a cause-and-effect relationship.
Let’s look at some examples:
Step 2 : Look for the signal words that show cause-and-effect relationships.
Step 3 : Look for effects that are also causes. Effects can form a chain in which one effect goes on to cause a second effect, which may then cause a third effect and so on. Study this example:
When people cut down trees to clear land, they destroy the habitats of birds. This reduces the number of nest sites. As a result, fewer baby birds are hatched, and the bird population declines.
Cause/effect paragraphs generally follow a basic paragraph format. That is, they begin with a topic sentence and this sentence is followed by specific supporting details.
For example, if the topic sentence introduces an effect, the supporting sentences all describe causes. Here is an example:
In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50% of the Earth’s population lives in urban areas. There are several reasons for this occurrence. First, the increasing industrialization of the nineteenth century resulted in the creation of many factory jobs, which tended to be located in cities. These jobs, with their promise of a better material life, attracted many people from rural areas. Second, there were many schools established to educate the children of the new factory laborers. The promise of a better education persuaded many families to leave farming communities and move to the cities. Finally, as the cities grew, people established places of leisure, entertainment, and culture, such as sports stadiums, theaters, and museums. For many people, these facilities made city life appear more interesting than life on the farm, and therefore drew them away from rural communities.
Notice how each supporting sentence is a cause that explains the effect mentioned in the topic sentence. In the chart below are the main ideas of the above paragraph, to help you understand the relationships better:
Cities have grown very large. [There are several reasons for this.] | Factory jobs attracted people |
Better schools attracted families to move to the city | |
Places of leisure, entertainment, and culture made city life appear more interesting |
Notice also how the topic sentence is followed by the “focusing” or “prediction” sentence, “There are several reasons for this.” Such sentences help the reader anticipate the organization of the paragraph or essay.
Open your Working Document and find the heading “Cause and Effect.”
Effect: Anxiety has increased among college students.
Causes: List 3 ideas you have about possible causes.
Try it the other way.
What effect might be indicated by the three causes below?
You don’t need to be a nerd to understand the general idea behind cause and effect essays. Let’s see! If you skip a meal, you get hungry. And if you write an essay about it, your goal is achieved!
However, following multiple rules of academic writing can be a tough task. But don’t worry; this guide can help you finish your cause and effect writing assignment on time and with little to no stress. By the end of this article by Custom-Writing.org experts, you will know the structure and variations of this essay type. Long story short, it’s a full guide on how to write a cause and effect essay (with examples!).
✍️ how to write a cause and effect essay.
A cause and effect essay’s main focus is to work through the relationship between two events . Specifically, it highlights how one event leads to the second one. The writing structure changes depending on the ratio of causes to effects that you choose. Read the examples below for more detail.
As mentioned, this article can be considered the ultimate guide to writing a perfect cause and effect essay. It consists of smooth and clear instructions with examples.
In order to find a good topic for your cause and effect essay, you should choose what to focus on: the causes or the effects? Not only does the whole structure of your paper depend on it, but you also need to pick a suitable topic based on that decision. Let’s see how the topic would change depending on the focus.
Theme | Focus on the causes | Focus on the effects |
---|---|---|
World War II | The leading causes of the beginning of the . | How did it affect the US economy? |
Junk food | Why are people addicted to junk food? | Health issues caused by consuming regularly. |
Eating disorders | Social factors affecting eating habits. | What damage do do to our bodies? |
Divorces | Main . | How do ’s health? |
Wildfire | What causes wildfires in Australia? | Irreversible damage of wildfires on Australia’s wildlife. |
Extinction | The causes of the sixth extinction. | How can the extinction of one endangered system affect the whole ecosystem? |
Climate change | How do humans cause climate change? | How will climate change alter our everyday life in fifty years? |
Language learning | What motivates people to become ? | What are the effects of language learning on cognitive abilities? |
Advertising | Why do big brands still need so much advertising? | The impact of advertising on . |
Pop music | The reasons why will never disappear. | How does pop music affect teenagers’ development? |
Cheating | Why do students cheat on exams? | The if you’re in an Ivy League school. |
High IQ | What influences IQ level? | How can high IQ be a curse when it comes to socializing at school? |
YouTube popularity | One viral video can make you insanely popular. | Becoming a star: what changes in your daily routine? |
Pets | What influences people’s choice of a ? | Boost your well-being: how do pets help? |
Immunity | How can negative thoughts lower your immunity? | What happens when your immune system is off guard? |
The best cause and effect essays also have a well-prepared thesis statement . Generally, the thesis statement would point out your point of view and your essay’s main ideas. Here, however, you should also not forget to highlight whether the focus is on causes or effects. You can use a thesis statement generator for essay to speed up the creation process. For instance, this statement highlights the effects of daily walks, states that the author supports this idea, and presents one thing that causes three effects:
Walking for at least half an hour every day can bring numerous positive benefits for your health: it improves blood circulation, strengthens joints, and helps with weight loss.
Like the topic, your cause and effect essay outline is affected by your writing focus. The structure depends on how many relations you choose to highlight. For instance, there may be only one leading cause or multiple. The same is with effects. Moreover, there is one additional type.
In this kind of essay, you would focus on discussing as many related causes as you can think of. An additional advantage would be if you could select various causes from different areas. But remember to prove that they all lead to one effect.
This cause and effect essay structure reflects the general outline you are used to (remember that conclusion is usually a paraphrase of a thesis statement from the introduction).
1. Introduction
1.1. Thesis statement: Bullying begins with personal desires or family issues and leads to increased numbers of suffering children.
2. Main body
2.1. Cause 1: Bullies want to be noticed.
2.2. Cause 2: They want to feel superior.
2.3. Cause 3: There are issues at home.
2.4. Effect: Many innocent kids become victims of bullying.
3. Conclusion
The outline of this type of essay would look a lot like the previous one, except that the ratio of causes and effects is mirrored. You should be quite competent in the topic you’re working on to produce a quality essay.
1.1. Thesis Statement: Overusing social media can lead to adverse psychological and emotional effects.
2.1. Cause: Spending too much time on social media, watching other users’ lives.
2.2. Effect 1: Users become more self-conscious about their appearance or quality of life.
2.3. Effect 2: It takes up time that could have been used for more useful activities.
2.3. Effect 3: Real-life relationships and other commitments suffer.
It may be more challenging than the other essays. The structure of this type of writing reflects a chain reaction. The effect of the initial cause leads to another cause and effect cycle. You will need to be careful and very attentive in order to maintain the logical order.
1.1. Thesis Statement: Through the chain of causes and effects, it can be observed that the use of hair spray may lead to a global catastrophe.
2.1. Cause and effect chain #1: Chlorofluorocarbons were used to make hairsprays 50 years ago, but they are harmful to the ozone layer – some of them are still in the atmosphere ruining ozone molecules.
2.2. Cause and effect chain #2: Less ozone layer causes icebergs to melt faster.
2.3. Cause and effect chain #3. Melting ice causes the sea level to rise and flood the land.
Since we are talking about academic writing here, it’s essential to keep your language appropriate. The most commonly used word, in this case, is “because .” However, you shouldn’t overuse it.
There are quite a few ready-to-use phrases that are most suitable for this type of essay. Include these in your cause and effect paragraphs to make the transition between ideas smoother and your writing more coherent:
Don’t forget to use sentence connectors, such as:
After completing the first draft, you should proofread your writing and carefully check that there are no sentence fragments, like this:
Because I haven’t slept in two days before the exam.
Sometimes, rushing through the writing process may lead your thoughts astray, and you leave the ending of the sentence unfinished. However, it’s a severe mistake, so try to avoid it.
In addition, you should not mix the verb tenses. If you are describing a past event, stick to the past tense. Of course, it may depend on the situation. For instance, the present tense is used to talk about universal truth, while different tenses can be used for writing a report.
We have gone step by step through the process of writing a good cause and effect essay. Now, finally, you can check out how it should look altogether. The following writing follows the template of the outline about bullying that we introduced earlier. It has all the necessary elements, such as the structure, vocabulary, and the thesis statement highlighted. It is a great example of a cause and effect essay, so go ahead and read it through!
The number of children reported to suffer from bullying rises every year. Teachers and parents are struggling to find a resolution for this issue. But what if the key to stopping this abusive behavior is understanding the causes? | |
It appears that bullying begins with personal desires or family issues and leads to the increasing number of kids who suffer from it. | |
Sometimes a child lacks attention either from their parents or peers, which causes them to seek attention in other places. It results in aggressive behaviors towards other kids since supervisors cannot ignore such action, and they attend to the violators. Bullies finally achieve their goal – being noticed, which encourages them to continue their faulty behavior. | |
Another reason for such aggressive behavior may result from a desire to be invincible. Maybe a bully was humiliated or embarrassed once, and they never wanted to experience it again. Thus, they do everything possible to stay the strongest one and be in charge. Not only does it protect them, but it gives them a feeling of superiority, which sometimes becomes addictive. | |
In addition, bullies might project their family issues onto others. For instance, if a child feels negative emotions from physical or emotional abuse at home or the family facing tough times, they may keep those emotions inside. However, negative emotions cannot stay inside forever, and as a consequence, they begin projecting those emotions onto their peers later. | |
All the causes mentioned above lead to an increasing number of bullies. Whatever the reason is, the primary effect is the suffering of the innocent kids who become victims. Bullies have different reasons for acting like that, but sometimes it is no more than an unconscious reaction to the environment, just like it happens with family issues. | |
There are a number of reasons for such a widespread phenomenon as bullying, including attention-seeking, a desire to be superior, and family issues. Knowing the causes may help schools and families to develop and implement preventive measures. Therefore, instead of struggling with the consequences of bullies’ aggressive behavior, teachers and parents may prevent that altogether. |
Want more samples? We’ve got you covered! Here’s a bonus list of cause and effect essay examples.
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A cause and effect essay isn’t the most common type of written assignments in modern schools, but there is still a huge chance you will be tasked with writing a cause and effect essay at least once in your life.
In general, a cause and effect essay is less complicated and challenging than many other essays you have encountered. Plus, it can be very satisfying to notice and point out the connections between similarly different things. Here is a guide on how to write a cause and effect essay step by step from the professional writers of our best essay writing service USA!
A cause and effect essay is a piece of writing where the writer’s primary job is to identify the conditions that led to a particular event and the outcome of the event. While it sounds fairly simple on paper, in reality, there are many important things to consider when writing this essay.
The purpose of a cause and effect essay is not just to point out the connections between different things, but also to suggest how the event can be avoided if it has a negative effect, or repeated in case the effect is evaluated as positive.
If you are only learning how to write cause and effect essay for the first time, you may be surprised to know that there are actually several types of cause and effect essay to know about besides the most obvious one, where a single cause leads to a single effect. Specifically, you can be tasked with writing one of the three following types of cause and effect essay:
In this case, you are to analyze the several causes that led to a single effect. A common example of this topic is global warming, which has several equally potent causes such as environmental pollution and overpopulation.
For this type of cause and effect essay, you need to focus on one cause that led to several effects. This type of essays is less common, but it can be even more interesting to analyze how a single event can lead to multiple effects, whether they are good or bad.
Finally, the most challenging but also fascinating type of cause and effect essay is a paper where you follow a string of causes and effects that lead to one another. It may take you a lot of effort to figure out which events lead to other events, but it can also be very rewarding.
Now you know what is a cause and effect essay and which types of cause and effect essays there are, but how to write a cause and effect essay that will impress your professor and peers? Here is how to write a cause and effect essay and choose the best cause and effect essay topic for your needs.
The important thing to know about this type of essays is that it’s imperative to start with crafting the outline of your future essay. You will be relieved to know that a typical cause and effect essay outline is not very different from the essay outlines you have written before and follows the classic essay structure of an introduction, three or more body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
The first part in any cause and effect essay outline example you’ll ever see is the introduction. The job of the introduction is to convince the reader to give your paper a detailed look instead of just skimming it.
The introduction to a cause and effect essay should be brief but powerful. Using the right tone and vocabulary, you need to demonstrate why the subject of your essay is so important that it requires deep analysis. To make readers pay even more attention to your writing, start the introduction with a hook sentence and end it with a thesis statement.
In most cases, there will be three body paragraphs in your cause and effect essay, but the exact number of paragraphs also depends on the type of essay you decided to go for. For example, when analyzing a chain of causes and effects, you may need to write more than three body paragraphs to make your essay complete.
With most other cause and effect essay types, you will dedicate one paragraph to a cause or effect and the remaining paragraphs to each of the multiple causes and effects you decided to write about.
The sign of a well-written cause and effect essay is the appropriate use of transitional words and phrases that create a clear and logical flow of your narrative and allow the readers to smoothly transition from one idea to another. These words and phrases include “Because of”, “As a result”, “Therefore”, “Owing to”, “Thus”, and other transitional phrases you have likely already used before in previous written assignments.
In your conclusion, you need to briefly summarize everything that has been said in the previous paragraphs of the paper without retelling the chapters word for word. Mention your thesis statement again and the strongest pieces of evidence supporting your ideas.
A good conclusion to a cause and effect essay will not only summarize the points of the paper, but will also include a thought-provoking ending that will stimulate the audience to do additional reading on the subject and educate themselves about the topic.
There are many good cause and effect essay topics, but the key to writing a successful cause and effect essay is to pick a topic that you personally find interesting and challenging. If you haven’t been given the topic for your cause and effect essay by your professor and are free to choose, here are some cause and effect essay ideas you can pick:
Reading the final draft and correcting possible grammar and spelling mistakes is important for ensuring a high quality of your paper, but you also need to make sure that the content of your cause and effect essay is sufficient. To evaluate the quality of your cause and effect essay, ask yourself the following questions:
Jul 18 2023
Apr 15 2019
Apr 05 2019
Apr 02 2019
Mar 15 2019
Feb 25 2019
Feb 05 2019
Feb 01 2019
Dec 04 2018
Nov 30 2018
Nov 04 2018
Sep 21 2018
Aug 17 2018
Aug 09 2018
May 17 2018
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Choose an event or condition that you think has an interesting cause-and-effect relationship. Introduce your topic in an engaging way. End your introduction with a thesis that states the main cause, the main effect, or both.
Organize your essay by starting with either the cause-then-effect structure or the effect-then-cause structure. Within each section, you should clearly explain and support the causes and effects using a full range of evidence. If you are writing about multiple causes or multiple effects, you may choose to sequence either in terms of order of importance . In other words, order the causes from least to most important (or vice versa), or order the effects from least important to most important (or vice versa).
Use the phrases of causation when trying to forge connections between various events or conditions. This will help organize your ideas and orient the reader. End your essay by drawing a conclusion based on the information presented. You may find it helpful to think of the conclusion as an answer to the question: “so what” or as a continuation of the statement “and so... “. In some cases, may be appropriate to issue a call to action in your essay’s conclusion.
Effects of Video Game Addiction
Video game addiction is a serious problem in many parts of the world today and deserves more attention. It is no secret that children and adults in many countries throughout the world, including Japan, China, and the United States, play video games every day. Most players are able to limit their usage in ways that do not interfere with their daily lives, but many others have developed an addiction to playing video games and suffer detrimental effects.
An addiction can be described in several ways, but generally speaking, addictions involve unhealthy attractions to substances or activities that ultimately disrupt the ability of a person to keep up with regular daily responsibilities. Video game addiction typically involves playing games uncontrollably for many hours at a time—some people will play only four hours at a time while others cannot stop for over twenty-four hours. Regardless of the severity of the addiction, many of the same effects will be experienced by all.
One common effect of video game addiction is isolation and withdrawal from social experiences. Video game players often hide in their homes or in Internet cafés for days at a time—only reemerging for the most pressing tasks and necessities. The effect of this isolation can lead to a breakdown of communication skills and often a loss in socialization. While it is true that many games, especially massive multiplayer online games, involve a very real form of e-based communication and coordination with others, and these virtual interactions often result in real communities that can be healthy for the players, these communities and forms of communication rarely translate to the types of valuable social interaction that humans need to maintain typical social functioning. As a result, the social networking in these online games often gives the users the impression that they are interacting socially, while their true social lives and personal relations may suffer.
Another unfortunate product of the isolation that often accompanies video game addiction is the disruption of the user’s career. While many players manage to enjoy video games and still hold their jobs without problems, others experience challenges at their workplace. Some may only experience warnings or demerits as a result of poorer performance, or others may end up losing their jobs altogether. Playing video games for extended periods of time often involves sleep deprivation, and this tends to carry over to the workplace, reducing production and causing habitual tardiness.
Video game addiction may result in a decline in overall health and hygiene. Players who interact with video games for such significant amounts of time can go an entire day without eating and even longer without basic hygiene tasks, such as using the restroom or bathing. The effects of this behavior pose significant danger to their overall health.
The causes of video game addiction are complex and can vary greatly, but the effects have the potential to be severe. Playing video games can and should be a fun activity for all to enjoy. But just like everything else, the amount of time one spends playing video games needs to be balanced with personal and social responsibilities.
“ Women in Science ” ( https://tinyurl.com/y8pggr7g ) by K.C. Cole. The link to the essay is correct. It seems to be titled “Hers” but it is the correct essay.
“ Cultural Baggage ” ( https://tinyurl.com/yc7qeuyp ) by Barbara Ehrenreich.
“ From Ancient Greece to Iraq: The Power of Words in Wartime " ( https://tinyurl.com/y76bt3ah ) by Robin Tolmach Lakoff discusses the power of language to dehumanize.
Adapted from Successful College Composition (Crowther et al.) . Sourced from LibreTexts , licensed under CC BY-NC-SA .
Adapted from Let's Get Writing (Browning, DeVries, Boylan, Kurtz and Burton) . Sourced from LibreTexts , licensed under CC BY-NC-SA .
Cause and effect essay questions in IELTS Writing task 2 give you a problem and ask you to state the main causes of this problem and discuss its possible effects .
In this lesson you will see:
This is an example of cause/effect IELTS writing task 2 question:
Today more people are overweight than ever before.
What in your opinion are the primary causes of this?
What are the main effects of this epidemic?
Generating ideas
After you’ve read the question, you can clearly determine the problem: growing number of overweight people .
But before you start to write your essay, it’s a good idea to think of 2-3 causes and 2-3 possible effects of the problem.
Causes of obesity :
Effects of obesity :
Now, after we’ve generated the main ideas for causes and effects, it’s time to use these ideas in our essay.
Band 9 answer structure
As you know, there are many ways to structure your essay, but we’ll use a structure that has been approved by many IELTS examiners to be high-scoring and coherent .
Band-9 essay structure :
Introduction
Body paragraph 1 - causes
Body paragraph 2 - effects
Let’s take a look at each of these sections in detail.
Write your introduction in two sentences:
Nowadays the number of overweight people is constantly growing.
This essay will discuss the main reasons of this epidemic and then describe the possible effects of the problem.
In my opinion, the foremost causes of obesity are inactive lifestyle and unhealthy eating habits.
Today more and more people rely on cars instead of walking, have less physical demands at work and prefer inactive leisure activities. This results in burning less calories and gaining weight.
Moreover, the problem is accentuated by the growing number of people, who eat irregularly and consume large portions of high-calorie food. For example, about 50% of the adult population in Europe with so-called disordered eating suffer from obesity.
The possible effects of this problem include physical health problems and loss of productivity.
First of all, obesity results in incorrect functioning of the human body and contributes to the risk of developing some chronic illnesses. For example, as body fat percentage increases, the person’s metabolism worsens, which in turn may result in diabetes or heart diseases.
Secondly, overweight people are very unhealthy and often suffer from stress and tiredness. This lessens their work capacity and results in lower productivity. For example, it has been proven that an obese person needs to put more effort to complete some task than a person with normal weight.
For the conclusion you need simply to restate the problem and sum up the causes and effects that you described in your body paragraphs:
To sum up, obesity is a big problem that affects a lot of people nowadays. It’s mainly caused by inactive lifestyle and eating disorders and results in severe health problems and loss of productivity.
Model essay
Nowadays the number of overweight people is constantly increasing. This essay will discuss the main reasons of this epidemic and then describe the possible effects of the problem.
In my opinion, the foremost causes of obesity are inactive lifestyle and unhealthy eating habits. Today more and more people rely on cars instead of walking, have less physical demands at work and prefer inactive leisure activities. This results in burning less calories and gaining weight. Moreover, the problem is accentuated by the growing number of people, who eat irregularly and consume large portions of high-calorie food. For example, about 50% of the adult population in Europe with so-called disordered eating suffer from obesity.
The possible effects of this problem include physical health problems and loss of productivity. First of all, obesity results in incorrect functioning of the human body and contributes to the risk of developing some chronic illnesses. For example, as body fat percentage increases, the person’s metabolism worsens, which in turn may result in diabetes or heart diseases. Secondly, overweight people are very unhealthy and often suffer from stress and tiredness. This lessens their work capacity and results in lower productivity. For example, it has been proven that an obese person needs to put more effort to complete some task than a person with normal weight.
To sum up, obesity is a big problem that affects a lot of people nowadays. It’s mainly caused by inactive lifestyle and eating disorders and results in severe health problems and loss of productivity.
(251 words)
Home — Essay Samples — War — Aftermath of World War II — The Causes and Effects of World War II: A Comprehensive Analysis
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Published: Jun 6, 2024
Words: 620 | Page: 1 | 4 min read
Introduction, the treaty of versailles and economic instability, rise of totalitarian regimes, failure of appeasement and the league of nations, body paragraph 4: global effects of world war ii.
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Wiesenthal, Simon. The Sunflower: On the Possibilities and Limits of Forgiveness. Schocken, 1997.Szabłowski, Zenon. 'Between Forgiveness and Unforgiveness.' UNESCO Courier, vol. 52, no. 11, 1999, pp. 41-43.Behreandt, Dennis. [...]
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Teach students that there is a reason for everything.
Why did the dog run away? Because the owner left the gate open. Why did the boy cry? Because he fell off his bike. Cause and effect can be a challenging concept for kids especially when it requires them to use information from earlier in a novel or when it requires students to infer. But don’t worry, we’ve got you. Here are cause-and-effect lesson plans, starter ideas, and classroom activities that are simple but effective to help your students master this reading concept.
Scroll through these cause-and-effect lesson plans to get inspiration and grab some freebies too!
As you introduce cause-and-effect, an anchor chart can help reinforce the concept. They’re great to refer back to when reviewing and are helpful for kids to look at when working independently.
Use an anchor chart to emphasize is that the cause is why something happened. The cause always happens first, even if it isn’t mentioned first. The effect is what happened, and it occurs after the cause.
Check out 15 cause and effect anchor charts for inspiration.
Students are causing effects all day long. Use real life examples, like dominos, light switches, toy cars on a ramp, and so on. As you (or, even better, a student) demonstrate these examples, ask your kids about the cause and the effect for each.
Create our own board game using our free templates. You can print the board and write on it to gamify your cause-and-effect lesson. Just grab some dice and you are ready to roll!
Give your class real scenarios and ask what would happen. You might say, If I poke this balloon with a pencil, what would happen? Then have students determine the cause and effect.
Continue asking similar questions, using the same frame of if (the cause) and what (the effect). For example, if you ate too much candy at one time, what would happen? If you practiced playing the piano every day, what would happen? If you never brushed your teeth, what would happen? To add some fun, you might even make it silly. Maybe, If an elephant jumped into a tiny pool, what would happen? Or If you saw an alien, what would happen?
Interactive anchor charts are a fun way to get students involved by building the anchor chart together! As you teach the lesson, fill in the anchor chart with your students. They can even write their own sticky notes to add, or write on the chart itself.
Prepare slips of paper ahead of time with ideas for students to act out. Tell the kids that they may make sound effects but may not use words. You can call for volunteers right away or, better yet, put the actors into small groups and give them 5 to 10 minutes to practice before showing the class.
The situations you include could be: You’re playing baseball, and a window breaks. You’re blowing a big chewing gum bubble, and it pops on your face. A football team makes a touchdown and the crowd cheers. You jump on the bed and get scolded. You run fast and earn a trophy. And so on. After every scenario is performed, the class identifies the cause and the effect.
Write causes on sentence strips and matching effects on other sentence strips. Make sure there are enough for your whole class. Pass out a sentence strip to each child with either a cause or an effect.
When you say “go,” have the kids walk around until they find a match. When they’re done, they can quickly share out their answers. This cause-and-effect lesson is a great way to get kids moving.
To link multiple causes and effects, create a chain. This is a great way to show the many causes and effects that occur during a novel or longer story. Use different colored papers to code cause-and-effect so students can see whether there is a balance of the two across a story.
Cut 3-by-4-inch cards from two different colors of construction paper. Once kids are in pairs, give each child two cards of each color. One color is for the causes (write a “C” on the back of these to help kids remember), and the other color cards are for the effects (write an “E” on the back of these).
Next, the pairs work together to come up with four different cause-and-effect events to record on their cards. For example, on one cause card, it might say: The mother bird sat on her nest. The effect card that matches it might say: The baby birds hatched out of their eggs. Once the pair has finished their cards, they mix them up, place them in an envelope, and write their names on the front.
The next day, set the envelopes around the room, like you’re having a scavenger hunt. Have pairs travel around the room with their partners to open envelopes, match causes and effects, mix the cards back up, put them back in the envelope, and move to the next open set.
These little books can be used in cause-and-effect lesson plans and much more! You might want to prep them for little ones, but older kids can usually make their own. Fold a 9-by-12-inch paper lengthwise (hot dog–style). Keep it folded and use a ruler to mark off the 3-, 6-, and 9-inch spots near the top and bottom.
Draw a line from the top to the bottom at each marked spot. Unfold the page and cut on the three lines from the bottom to the fold. Once the flip-book is created, kids draw four causes on the front and then lift each flap and draw four effects underneath. Need enrichment for higher-level kids? Have them draw or write several effects for each cause.
Use fill-in-the-blank worksheets where the blank spaces are either the cause or effect of an action. Students can make up their own story while determining the cause and effect of their creation.
Check out these downloadable Mad Lib worksheets to get started.
Take 9 x 12 construction paper (landscape format) and have kids fold it in half and then unfold it. Write “Cause” at the top of the left side and “Effect” at the top of the right side. Kids use crayons, markers, Sharpies, or watercolors to create a picture that shows a cause-and-effect relationship, in this case, with Pete the Cat.
Similar to the above cause-and-effect lesson plan, but instead of unfolding the paper, just leave it folded like a greeting card. I actually like to make the cards fairly small, then they can be grouped together in a little cause-and-effect museum for a fun display. The cards just have to be big enough for the kids to draw or write on them.
Have students pick out cause-and-effect scenarios from nursery rhymes. Nursery rhymes are short and have clear cause-and-effect to identify.
For more practice with cause-and-effect, have students rewrite the nursery rhyme to include a clearer or additional cause-and-effect using the same characters. For example, what might happen to the spider after Miss Muffet runs away? Or, what might Miss Muffet do next time she wants to eat her curds and whey?
This cause-and-effect lesson plan could be done after kids have mastered the basics. Gather some interesting pictures from classroom magazines ( Scholastic , Weekly Reader , etc.) and regular magazines, or find them online on free-to-use sites like Pixabay . Look for pictures that have a lot going on in them because kids are going to be looking for several causes and effects, not just one. I would suggest NOT letting the kids search for pictures. Not everything is classroom friendly, and even if it were, it could be a distraction.
Glue the picture to the top of a piece of construction paper (portrait format) or a piece of chart paper. Underneath the picture, divide the space in half and write “Cause” at the top of the left side and “Effect” at the top of the right side. Kids brainstorm and write down lots of different causes and effects for the same picture by looking at it in many ways.
Graphic organizers are a fantastic tool for students to use to organize information, like cause-and-effect. Grab this free cause-and-effect graphic organizer template to get you started. It’s a great way to add extra practice and reinforce the topic.
Teach upper elementary students that certain words like because , since , due to , and if … then , or words that help sequence events like first and then , are signals that can help them find the cause or effect as they read.
Use this handout to help them and then have them practice by making up their own cause-and-effect sentences or by doing a version of the sentence-strips activity outlined above.
Games are a great tool to use for cause-and-effect lesson plans. As an added bonus, games can be played independently. When a student finishes early or has some free time, have them test their mastery of cause-and-effect by having them play free online games that will both challenge them and reiterate what you taught. Ice cream lovers in your class?
Group students in teams and have them test their mettle in this game of cause-and-effect Jeopardy!
Once students are familiar with cause-and-effect graphic organizers, switch it up a bit! Grab this free digital worksheet template to add a new way of teaching cause-and-effect. It’ll pair perfectly with whatever you have planned for your cause-and-effect lesson.
Printing on sticky notes is so fun! Check our our how-to video here. Your students will love using them to learn. Plus, they can easily be pasted into their notebooks or stay on desks as a reminder.
Make your students’ notebooks come to life! Interactive notebooks help students study and retain information with foldable flaps and more. You can get the template of the one pictured here .
Scavenger hunts make cause-and-effect lesson plans fun! The idea here is that student have to work together to find the cause of each clue. This will lead them to find the next scavenger hunt clue to keep going.
Choose a handful of cause-and-effect lesson plans from this list and build centers. Students will enjoy learning the concept in a variety of ways. Plus, it ensures that there are multiple ways to learn and grasp this concept.
Perhaps nothing exemplifies fun and exciting cause-and-effect lesson plans better than an experiment. Come up with a list of quick, simple experiments to do, such as putting lots of air in a balloon or putting pennies on the wings of a paper airplane. Then, as a class or in small groups, work together to come up with a simple hypothesis, using the words highlighted above. For example: The plant will grow because we watered it consistently. Or: If we mix the colors yellow and blue , then we will make green . Help students see that the setup of the experiment is the cause and what happens (the result) is the effect.
Picture books are great tools for cause-and-effect. The images on each page support students’ ability to infer details and connect one event to another.
While you’re reading, pause at each page turn to talk about what effect could happen next. And, have students identify the causes and effect that move a character through the story.
Either read books that have students choose the next step, like this four-set of Oregon Trail books, or write your own. At each point in the story, talk about what could happen based on what has happened, and what might happen next. You decided not to visit the trading post, what might happen as you enter the desert?
Create another type of cause-and-effect chain to show how events connect and build off of one another. You can use this format to model real life cause-and-effect, or to work out the causes and effects in a story or novel.
For students who need additional practice, use this task box idea. Include pictures and phrases with clear a cause-and-effect, and have students match each one. A task box should be self-checking so include a way for students to check their work.
As students advance from linking one cause to its effect, they’ll learn that sometimes causes build to create an overall effect. Use this tree diagram to show how that works in a story or informational text.
Help students connect cause-and-effect, and see how an effect can become a cause, use a maze format. Write events in a story on a grid and create a path that students create by coloring in the causes and effects.
Plus, check out our tips for guided reading..
Cause: anchor chart. Effect: lots of learning! Continue Reading
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1. introduction.
Gender-based discrimination is an endemic and under-addressed human rights violation that affects millions globally. It results in substantive direct and indirect economic costs in both developed and developing nations. Over the past half century, a rich literature rooted in economic theory has developed to assist in identifying the causes of gender discrimination as well as proposals for its reduction. The goal of this chapter is to review several dimensions of the economics literature on gender discrimination. In doing so, the core themes and factors that drive gender discrimination will emerge, the extent to which it is a global rather than localized problem will be delineated, a sense of the direct and indirect costs of gender discrimination will be provided as well as an outline of what some of the policy options are for reducing gender discrimination will be identified. These goals are addressed in several sections. First, selected definitions of gender discrimination are highlighted. What drives or creates gender discrimination is then considered. Discriminatory outcomes and evidence relative to gender gaps in completion of specific human capital investments are discussed next as are broader outcome measures of wage and occupational differentiation. Results reveal both that discrimination is more than factors favoring one gender over the other and that discrimination prevails in many domains, leads to unequal endowments of human capital among females and males and results in negative outcomes in various forms. The direct and indirect costs of gender discrimination are also addressed. Finally, a review of potential policies to ameliorate gender discrimination is offered.
Gender discrimination or inequality is considered a major share of human rights violations, and the existence of persistent gender disparities prevents communities, industries, economies, and states from reaching their potential and the general arrangement of society as a whole. The matter is not only an issue of social justice but also a subject of economic consideration that hampers the government's desire to promote the economic and social indicators of the country as a whole. Gender bias is accepted as unequal treatment between individuals based on gender. On the contrary, a national government has an egalitarian policy to elevate the welfare of the country without any discrimination. It is the essence of justice that dictates non-discrimination. Discrimination on the grounds of sex is a rational and prejudiced act by individuals who belong to the potential higher class. Crime prevention through economic disincentive indicates that individuals or firms usually use the act of prejudice as laziness and are educated or induced when there is no difference in personal value. The independence of individual value can be the source of the common good for simplification and detection of the illegal use of power. This is not an idealistic perspective and applies to past discrimination understanding. Individuals are usually taught to discriminate when they do not have enough contact with the youth from the various cultural groups or sexual status. People may start to bring their internal worth closer to the parents when they have a positive encounter with the entire group. For example, individuals in Ghana and India showed a more negative outlook toward their own skin and eye shape, youth, and sexual orientation when exposed to similar actions.
The social construction is the way societies group individuals and make them dependent on the social community through mechanisms that promote the development of an identity consumed by social responsibilities. Features used for making people dependent or giving them status acquisition, powers are body sex, race, language, origin, wealth, religious faiths, sexual orientation, age, and social status. The individual is involved in the very early years in the family process that continues throughout socialization. Although the social origins are numerous, there is a basis in religious faiths - Christianity, Judaism, but also Islam and Hindu - that tend to recognize the woman's nature as a symbol of her weakness. Less educated than men, the woman is called to put up with men's requirements. Frequently in a submissive position, she repudiates the man's relations with her in favor of adultery. During a long time, the woman has been subjected to men's supremacy. In public life, decision-making powers increased, but her condition was still of submission. At home, the cook stove and cleaning a house were woman's roles. The fact that a woman spent her life waiting for the husband with the meal ready, did not study because it was undesirable, or did not work outside concerned at the established rules, with the image she needed to preserve since they were already marked by a religious faith. No one asked her if cooking bored her or was tired of cleaning the house, of having a headache after all day at work, of having and hearing the kids. She had duties. She could not deny submission, devotion, and abortion. Throughout the years, the mother instructed the daughters just like the other women instructed the daughters of the new generation. This is another image, a cultural image, consensual in each society.
Intersectionality is another important theory to be considered when speaking about gender discrimination. The mere origins of this theory stem from the African-American feminist movement. The term "intersectionality" was first created by American feminist and civil rights leader, Kimberle Crenshaw, in 1989. It refers to inequalities and discrimination resulting from the various overlapping systems of socioeconomic classes and race, which act together. She found that neither feminist theory nor anti-racist theory explained the experiences of African-American women and that, as a result, their experiences were not being properly addressed. As a response, she introduced the theory of intersectionality, centering on the point that women are not just women in isolation, but are part of multiple systems. Her research gave greater insight into the multitude of other conditions that also affect women. In doing so, intersectionality opened up the discussion about the right to equality, the fundamental goal of feminism, and points towards the importance of recognizing other differences that should be brought to the center of feminist discussions.
Gender bias in the workplace: A lack of acceptable explanations. Although the equal pay versus gender discrimination hypothesis non-falsifiability is no longer an issue, questions still remain regarding the causes of these wage gaps. A great deal of the current empirical work, which allows for self-selection, has explored the causes of differing occupational distributions. Systematic factors contributing to female occupational constraints may involve maternity, different tastes for work from those of men, sexist discrimination, or human capital deficiencies. Overall, the current empirical evidence concerning the experience profiles of males and females suggests that the gender gap can be partly attributed to factors such as the primary wage earner, the spouse provision hypothesis, and the motherhood hypothesis. However, the level of detail which is allowed for self-selection in these analyses is not sufficient enough to confirm or deny the role of employer bias in explaining different wage distributions. That employers may, in fact, be influenced by some or all of the discriminatory biases listed above is noted by many. all list gender discrimination as rising from employers' preferences to segregate the sexes. Indeed, even conservative reviewers of the economic literature have somewhat surprisingly agreed on several things often argued to have explained this. Data deficiencies and the interchangeable use of the terms sex and gender have hindered research. Combined with these, empirical labor research has historically allowed for all the possible causes of the wage gap in every individual wage equation. This convergence of permissive assumptions could well have conditioned the type of results we have received.
The causes of the oppression of women are historical and social. Patriarchy, which is rooted in social organization, has variously emerged and developed concomitantly as history goes forward. Symmetrical family and social structure in primitive society is based on the principle of a clear division of role. Men go out and engage in field work, raising animals, hunting, and fishing, or exchanging the products in the market, which is one great cause of their taking up in the social structuring the dominant role and enjoying rights. Women are charged with the work in their residential sections-home has been their dominion and legal and public institutions have always been tools for their fulfilling the tasks. Along with the development of simple, small-scale agricultural economies in primitive society, society became more and more complex, and wars more and more frequent. were established and cross-land exchanges begun, since when, first slave robbery and later commercial looting as well, have become important ways of domestic bandits' living, while the social structure of humanity was going through changes of having the productive power, gender as the land, pair family, and certain national property set to be signifiers of the oppressed (oppose the exploiting classes). Women became subordinate to men, to male names, socially economic-conditions foundations of the status, and only a man but no woman or child could assume the status of owning a couple of slaves. Warriors were officially usurping more private property while despotic ruling the state, and there is no exception for women to hold their own businesses.
We have been socialized from birth to understand and adhere to cultural norms that, in some cases, work directly against our aspirations and goals. One source of these cultural norms is the silent and often subtle messages showing stereotypes of gender-appropriate roles. These messages are found in the media, children's books, pop culture, and other forms of communication. Men are not expected to experience the emotions of tenderness, empathy, and vulnerability, or to have proficiency in communicating, socializing, and/or caring for a family. Boys are encouraged to play with toy soldiers or video games to demonstrate violence and toughness and to avoid expressing feelings that show vulnerability such as hugging their friends or crying in public. By teaching boys to stifle their emotions and emotional expressions, we all lose the essential ability to connect, grieve, and feel compassion as we communicate non-verbally through body language and experience the life stories and experiences of those around us.
Prior anti-discrimination laws may aggravate discrimination against female employment because of several reasons. A common effect of such laws, acting through lowered costs of filing charges of discrimination and through a spurt of complaints, is that employers become unwilling to take on risk inherent in hiring potential complainants. And that could factor the average economic performance of any group of workers if a higher percentage of its members practices risk-taking or possesses attributes that are complemented by risk-taking. As dissatisfaction is unfairly admitted for settlement of discrimination case or when some judge takes an unfavorable attitude toward the litigant in the early stages of court procedures. Career differences of the support levels for anti-discrimination laws are also important in this context. The desire of people to secure appropriate screening signals and the time-consistency of these signals may depend upon underlying gender differences in net labor market pay-offs of employment. If society's traditional structure contains hierarchical roadblocks which the earning opportunities of a married woman may decline with performance and age, while the opportunities of a man may appreciate with age and are performance associated for some time with spending limitations, an effective dual-income requirement instead of dependence on low male wages or poverty transmission may arise for some families with young children.
Gender discrimination has severe consequences and its effects are not only short-lived but also detrimental. Individuals who suffer from this type of discrimination, on a societal, psychological, and emotional level, and in terms of job satisfaction and income, are prevented or discouraged from achieving their full potential and integrating into the community. We can identify three main areas affected by gender-based discrimination: economic effects, psychological and emotional effects, and political and societal effects. Gender discrimination has effects of various kinds on different levels on individuals and society as a whole. Within the workplace, the effects can be seen to produce unequal memes in hiring, salary, and promotion across the board. Gender statistics are an important source of information for society and especially for policymakers. Data on power, economic or domestic work relations otherwise remain invisible, particularly unequal trends, i.e., the fact that women work more and men less. A move towards gender equality in society and the economy would translate into increased productivity, employment, economic justice, and less violence and destruction in general. Without their cheap labor, the economy would no longer be favorable. Statistics show an improvement in the gender gap but clearly still a strong imbalance in the main institutions of decision-making. While in 1979 we counted 17 women presidents of parliament, a good number, in 1990 women's presence at the top of the Chamber or Parliament of the world in 1970 was reduced to 8 in 1999.
Other professions, however, especially those where a high value is placed on intelligence (such as headmasters, professors, in certain circles freelance journalists, etc.) sing another tune. As early as the early seventies, Davis and Saltzman emphasized the damaging psychological effects of gender discrimination. In 1984, Heilman found that the stereotype of the male being the breadwinner and decision-maker resulted in great injustice. Therefore, the social psychological literature on the male breadwinner-female homemaker stereotype would suggest that when women who work outside the home are denied credit for their expertise, they may also be resisted by husbands at home because counter-stereotypic behavior is inconsistent with the beliefs and expectations that husbands have about marriage. The female expert may have difficulty in her intimate relationship as well due to male resistance because not only is her authority inconsistent with feminist ideas regarding egalitarianism, but the expert explicitly defines herself as separate and distinct from her mate. According to the psychological literature focusing on the more general category related to sex roles, women who apply expertise, qualities associated with men in the private sphere, may be labeled as the "one-down" sex, which in turn has an implication of dependency, oppression, and victimization. Such labels are likely to have negative psychological implications and may result in the emergence of strong feelings of anger and disillusionment with respect to the treatment of women in general.
Gender discrimination, especially in the workplace, can have significant economic consequences. However, there is a lack of extensive economic research on the various effects of this issue. This is partly due to difficulties in defining and identifying different forms of gender discrimination. Additionally, the available data lacks relevant details, making it challenging to model and quantify these problems. The gender wage gap, which is commonly used to measure female labor market outcomes, has negative distributive consequences and likely affects wage efficiency negatively. There is growing evidence that discrimination against women exists not only in terms of wage disparities but also in the types of jobs they are assigned to. Discrimination in job assignment and turnover is, in fact, the main source of gender discrimination. Discrimination, in turn, is influenced by individual preferences, which are shaped by broader societal norms. The preference for sons, for example, leads parents to marry off their daughters at a young age to the first man who can provide for them financially. This practice treats daughters as short-term financial instruments. Furthermore, the belief that girls can burden a family's resources in the long run contributes to a gender bias in child care, nutrition, education, and labor market outcomes. These biases persist throughout different stages of life, albeit with varying degrees. Given that fertility and labor market issues, such as unemployment, drive such behavior, there is a valid reason for concern.
The effects of discrimination against girls and women result in a range of social problems. First, discrimination in education negatively affects the rights of girls and women. It also undermines the prospects for efforts that promote economic growth and development. Second, discrimination based on sex can arise in the employment process and in the workplace. Excluding or altering job requirements to fit the characteristics of a particular sex can result in bias against members of the sex not provided an opportunity to perform. Third, discrimination against women is closely linked to gender-based violence, including domestic violence, sexual assault, harassment, kidnapping, and forced prostitution and slavery. The increased vulnerability of women to gender-based violence can in turn undermine their health and education and weaken their economic potential, while also straining resources necessary for prosecution or prevention. These societal implications flow from the inherent differences between men and women. They transcend specific legal norms to affect the lives of individuals in the daily economic, educational, and social decisions that define the quality of life. Evidence shows that societies that empower women to participate fully in civic and economic life are more stable, prosperous, and peaceful; and that it is especially important to build schools, educate girls, and involve women in community decision-making. In such settings, rather than posing a threat, participation and increasing public investment and the prospects for economic growth. As a result, the empowerment of women presents an opportunity to promote a number of governmental and non-governmental interventions that aim to eliminate discrimination against women or to promote their advancement. But while legal reforms can be effective, they raise difficult questions in their own right.
The study draws a lot of valid conclusions which are as follows: • Gender discriminatory business practices and access to different work sectors are widely prevalent in Bangladesh. A considerable number of skilled and able women do not have the opportunity to contribute towards the welfare of society. • The main reason is the existing economic system to which females are compelled to remain in the background and they are directly exploited. Other causes, which prevail and are firmly followed in the society or nation, are the common cause that is followed by some rules, foremost religion and culture. The stereotypes of gender roles and the way of deciding values of work are, in most cases, the reasons for child labor. Other causes of these prevailing issues might be the position of the workplace, the interaction between an employer and a worker, family structure, and living standards, which are in the shadow of family income inequalities. Due to these restrictions and norms, the chances of girls or women to work in traditional jobs that attract low pay are obstructed.
Importancia de estudiar una carrera universitaria para el desarrollo personal y profesional.
1. Introducción Cada individuo se ve carente de conocimientos, habilidades, aptitudes y actitudes para poder desempeñarse eficientemente en las exigencias de nuestra sociedad y mercado de trabajo. Las nuevas generaciones están en constante competencia con la humanidad, debiéndose insertar a ésta con un acervo de habilidades, conceptos y conocimientos consolidados. En lo personal, considero sumamente importante integrar el conocimiento necesario para distinguir las desventajas y beneficios de es ...
1. Introduction Sexual identity development is a lifelong process that includes self-recognizing, mastering, and integrating sexual feelings and attraction into one’s personal identity. Developmental theorists such as Freud, Erikson, and several others, including many who adhere to integrative and feminist perspectives, readily emphasize the importance of various components, including early and late stage childhood experiences and relationships, as critical to sexual identity formation. This ar ...
1. Introduction This study mostly examines redistribution conducted by society. Anxious people are largely focused on optimizing the way in which resources are distributed through a wide variety of policy instruments, such as through the funding of programs and institutions devoted to the poor and lower-paid sections or ignoring the influential leaders' preferences. Numerous studies support the proposition that as a country becomes wealthier, it should consume more resources, which should displ ...
1. Introduction Boys and girls with disabilities are also children: girls and boys with the same rights as non-disabled children, including the right to go and be properly supported in regular schools that prepare them for life in the world that awaits them. This importance was emphasized in UNESCO's Salamanca Statement on "Schooling for All" that emerged from the wider international visually impaired Congress held in 1994, which underlined the inadequacy of considering disabled children separa ...
1. Introduction The use of mobile phones has changed the way we communicate and interact. It is estimated that where mobile phone use is widespread, over 70% of people use their phones for all or most of their calls, and a similar percentage use the two-way SMS feature. In 2003, 68% of school children between seven and 12 reported having their own mobile phone. There are a number of concerns about what this high and possibly continuous level of mobile phone use means for the way we communicate ...
1. Introduction to Social Analysis Social analysis is the activity of examining cultural, economic, political, or social phenomena belonging to or occurring in contemporary society. In the contemporary period, social scientists will focus on the social institutions and social relationships that are encountered by contemporary social scientists when they engage in their studies. These mainly include the family institution, the social class structure, the education institutions, the interethnic r ...
1. Introduction It is no secret that certain actions taken by one person can change the course of history. Good ideas are dangerous things, as are bad ideas. The greatest difference in the world today is not the different countries, governments, or international relations. It is the huge gap between innovative and obsolete concepts. The mutual influence originating between the radical individual actions and the reaction of the surrounding society leads us to the concept of a human/surrounding c ...
1. Introduction The pressure of high-stakes testing more than makes up for the theoretical gains attributed to public schooling. We analyze the extent to which a low rating on high-stakes tests in high school can be explained by the quality of the teachers, infrastructure of the schools, the socio-economic and personal characteristics of the students. Other things holding constant, female teachers, teachers with a tertiary education, years of experience of teachers, educational qualifications o ...
More than 100 reference examples and their corresponding in-text citations are presented in the seventh edition Publication Manual . Examples of the most common works that writers cite are provided on this page; additional examples are available in the Publication Manual .
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Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute, working with UCL and Imperial College London, have discovered a new biological pathway that is a principal driver of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and related conditions, and which can be targeted using existing drugs.
About 5% of the world’s population, and one in ten people in the UK , are currently affected by an autoimmune disease, such as IBD, the umbrella term for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. These diseases are also becoming more common, with over half a million people living with IBD in the UK as of 2022 , nearly double the 300,000 previously estimated.
Despite increasing prevalence, current treatments do not work in every patient and attempts to develop new drugs often fail due to our incomplete understanding of what causes IBD.
In research published in Nature today, scientists at the Crick journeyed into a ‘gene desert’ – an area of DNA that doesn’t code for proteins – which has previously been linked to IBD and several other autoimmune diseases.
They found that this gene desert contains an ‘enhancer’, a section of DNA that is like a volume dial for nearby genes, able to crank up the amount of proteins they make. The team discovered that this particular enhancer was only active in macrophages, a type of immune cell known to be important in IBD, and boosted a gene called ETS2 , with higher levels correlating with a higher risk of disease.
Using genetic editing, the scientists showed that ETS2 was essential for almost all inflammatory functions in macrophages, including several that directly contribute to tissue damage in IBD. Strikingly, simply increasing the amount of ETS2 in resting macrophages turned them into inflammatory cells that closely resembled those from IBD patients.
The team also discovered that many other genes previously linked to IBD are part of the ETS2 pathway, providing further evidence that it is a major cause of IBD.
Specific drugs that block ETS2 don’t exist, so the team searched for drugs that might indirectly reduce its activity. They found that MEK inhibitors, drugs already prescribed for other non-inflammatory conditions, were predicted to switch off the inflammatory effects of ETS2 .
The researchers then put this to the test, and discovered that these drugs not only reduced inflammation in macrophages, but also in gut samples from patients with IBD.
As MEK inhibitors can have side effects in other organs, the researchers are now working with LifeArc to find ways to deliver MEK inhibitors directly to macrophages.
Volunteer participants from the NIHR BioResource, with and without IBD, provided blood samples that contributed to this research. The research was funded by Crohn’s and Colitis UK, the Wellcome Trust, MRC and Cancer Research UK, and the researchers worked with collaborators across the UK and Europe.
Why have we evolved to carry a genetic variant linked to chronic inflammation.
The unusual thing about the disease variant in the ETS2 enhancer is that it is very common, with approximately 95% of people with IBD carrying one or two copies of it.
Pontus Skoglund and Leo Speidel in the Ancient Genomics Laboratory at the Crick, which studies ancient DNA, worked with James to shed light on when this genetic variant first appeared, showing that it’s incredibly old, at least 500,000 to one million years old, and was even present in Neanderthals and other archaic humans.
They found that the reason this variant remains so common is because switching on ETS2 appears to be an important part of the early response to bacterial infection. Before antibiotics, this may have had a protective effect during infections, which is probably why so many of us still carry the risk variant today, and why it is even commoner in regions with high rates of infectious diseases.
James lee, group leader of the genetic mechanisms of disease laboratory at the crick, and consultant gastroenterologist at the royal free hospital and ucl, who led the research, said:.
“IBD usually develops in young people and can cause severe symptoms that disrupt education, relationships, family life and employment. Better treatments are urgently needed.
“Using genetics as a starting point, we’ve uncovered a pathway that appears to play a major role in IBD and other inflammatory diseases. Excitingly, we’ve shown that this can be targeted therapeutically, and we’re now working on how to ensure this approach is safe and effective for treating people in the future."
Christina stankey, phd student at the crick, and first author along with christophe bourges and lea-maxie haag, said:.
“IBD and other autoimmune conditions are really complex, with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors, so to find one of the central pathways, and show how this can be switched off with an existing drug, is a massive step forwards.”
Ruth wakeman, director of services, advocacy and evidence at crohn's & colitis uk, said:.
"Every year, more than 25,000 people are told that they have Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Crohn's and Colitis are complex, lifelong conditions for which there is no cure, but research like this is helping us to answer some of the big questions about what causes them. The more we can understand about Inflammatory Bowel Disease, the more likely we are to be able to help patients live well with these conditions. This research is a really exciting step towards the possibility of a world free from Crohn's and Colitis one day."
Lauren golightly is 27 years old and was diagnosed with crohn’s disease in 2018 after experiencing stomach cramps, blood in her poo and irregular bowel habits. she said:.
"Crohn’s has had a huge impact on my life. I’ve had a rocky road since diagnosis, with many hospital admissions, several different medications and even surgery to have a temporary stoma bag. One of the hardest things about having Inflammatory Bowel Disease ( IBD) is the uncertainty around it. I still experience flare-ups and can still spend quite a bit of time in hospital. Learning about this research is so exciting and encouraging. I am hopeful this could potentially make a difference for myself and so many other hundreds of thousands of people living with IBD.”
Read the paper .
Body changes up to eight years before inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis, specialised gut immune cells pinpointed that can limit progression of inflammatory bowel disease, ancient genomes reveal immunity adaptation in early farmers, crick researchers awarded nearly £6m in wellcome discovery awards, share the page, sign up for our newsletters.
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4. Using Transitional Words and Phrases. Use transitional words and phrases to ensure a smooth flow of ideas and improve the readability of your essay. Words and phrases such as "because," "as a result," "therefore," and "consequently" can help signal the cause and effect relationships in your writing. 5.
Research and Gather Evidence: Gather relevant data, statistics, examples, and expert opinions to support your arguments. Strong evidence enhances the credibility of your essay. Outline Your Essay: Create a structured outline that outlines the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. This will provide a clear roadmap for your essay and ...
A cause and effect essay is a type of essay that explores how an event came into being and what transpires because of that event. We guide you through writing one with examples.
Cause #1. Cause #2. Cause #3 (and so on…) The effect of the causes. Conclusion. 2. One cause, many effects. This type of cause and effect essay is constructed to show the various effects of a particular event, problem, or decision. Once again, you will have to demonstrate your comprehensive knowledge and analytical mastery of the field.
Cause and effect essays aim to explain the connections between various occurrences and explain the reasons behind certain outcomes. They often require critical thinking, careful analysis, and the use of evidence and examples to support arguments. You may confuse cause-and-effect essays with compare and contrast essays.
Free Cause and Effect Essay Examples. The title of this essay genre dispels all your concerns about the needed contents. You should build the link between two events or phenomena based on their cause-and-effect relationships. Mind that if one comes after another does not necessarily mean there is causality between them.
A cause and effect essay looks at the reasons (or causes) for something, then discusses the results (or effects). For this reason, cause and effect essays are sometimes referred to as reason and result essays. They are one of the most common forms of organisation in academic writing. Sometimes the whole essay will be cause and effect, though ...
The cause-and-effect writing process requires critical thinking and an orderly cause-and-effect essay outline. Follow these six steps to write a cause-and-effect paper. 1. Brainstorm Essay Topics. Coming up with a good cause-and-effect topic involves observing the world and speculating about possible causes for what you see.
Step 1: Choose a Topic. The first step in writing a great cause and effect examples essay is choosing the right topic. Consider something that interests you and is relevant to your academic field. The cause and effect essay topics should also be specific enough to allow for in-depth analysis in your assignment.
The purpose of the cause-and-effect essay is to determine how various phenomena relate in terms of origins and results. Sometimes the connection between cause and effect is clear, but often determining the exact relationship between the two is very difficult. For example, the following effects of a cold may be easily identifiable: a sore throat ...
Example Cause and Effect Essay. More than $50 billion per year is spent on the war on drugs (Newman, 2013, p. 1). The war on drugs is fueled largely by mass hysteria and paranoia, rather than on evidence-based practice or policy. In fact, some of the most harmful drugs on the market are legally prescribed pharmaceuticals like opioids.
Thesis Statement: Clearly state the main cause and its corresponding effects. Example: 'This essay will explore the causes of stress and their profound negative effects on physical and mental health.' II. Body Paragraphs. A. Causes. Topic Sentence: Introduce the first cause you'll discuss. Example: 'One major cause of stress is heavy workload.'
Typically, the cause and effect essay layout contains an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Here is the complete outline format structure of a cause and effect writing: Section 1 - Introduction. A hook statement that grabs the audience's attention. Basic historical information about the topic.
Definition. In composition, cause and effect is a method of paragraph or essay development in which a writer analyzes the reasons for—and/or the consequences of—an action, event, or decision. A cause-and-effect paragraph or essay can be organized in various ways. For instance, causes and/or effects can be arranged in either chronological ...
Step 2: Look for the signal words that show cause-and-effect relationships. Step 3: Look for effects that are also causes. Effects can form a chain in which one effect goes on to cause a second effect, which may then cause a third effect and so on. Study this example: When people cut down trees to clear land, they destroy the habitats of birds.
2.1. Cause and effect chain #1: Chlorofluorocarbons were used to make hairsprays 50 years ago, but they are harmful to the ozone layer - some of them are still in the atmosphere ruining ozone molecules. 2.2. Cause and effect chain #2: Less ozone layer causes icebergs to melt faster. 2.3. Cause and effect chain #3.
Specifically, you can be tasked with writing one of the three following types of cause and effect essay: Multiple causes and one effect. In this case, you are to analyze the several causes that led to a single effect. A common example of this topic is global warming, which has several equally potent causes such as environmental pollution and ...
The Structure of a Cause-and-Effect Essay. The cause-and-effect essay opens with a general introduction to the topic, which then leads to a thesis that states the main cause, main effect, or various causes and effects of a condition or event. The cause-and-effect essay can be organized in one of the following two primary ways:
The Most Obese Countries in the World and Why They Are on the List Essay Sample, Example. To demonstrate a cause and its effect is never that easy in written form. Check out our cause and effect essay samples to understand how to write an essay of this type on your own.
Sample Cause-and-Effect Essay. Effects of Video Game Addiction. Video game addiction is a serious problem in many parts of the world today and deserves more attention. It is no secret that children and adults in many countries throughout the world, including Japan, China, and the United States, play video games every day. Most players are able ...
Cause-and-effect essays aren't just a way to help students strengthen their writing skills. They'll also learn critical thinking, logic, and the art of persuasion. In addition, they teach students to demonstrate how one thing directly influences another. ... Give an example of colonialism in history and name the resulting impact to the ...
Introduction. Write your introduction in two sentences: Sentence 1 - paraphrase the statement (you can use ' nowadays/today/these days ' to start): Nowadays the number of overweight people is constantly growing. Sentence 2 - say what you'll write about in your essay: This essay will discuss the main reasons of this epidemic and then ...
Conclusion. In conclusion, World War II was a complex and multifaceted event with deep-rooted causes and far-reaching effects. The Treaty of Versailles, economic instability, the rise of totalitarian regimes, and the failure of appeasement all contributed to the outbreak of the war.
Media Files: APA Sample Student Paper , APA Sample Professional Paper This resource is enhanced by Acrobat PDF files. Download the free Acrobat Reader. Note: The APA Publication Manual, 7 th Edition specifies different formatting conventions for student and professional papers (i.e., papers written for credit in a course and papers intended for scholarly publication).
The US Civil Rights movement also influenced Australians to take action like they did in America to cause awareness. An example of this would be Charles Perkins and the Australia Freedom Rides. The Freedom Rides was a bus tour through New South Wales by activists protesting discrimination against Aboriginal people.
2. Give concrete examples. Students are causing effects all day long. Use real life examples, like dominos, light switches, toy cars on a ramp, and so on. As you (or, even better, a student) demonstrate these examples, ask your kids about the cause and the effect for each.
1. Introduction. Gender-based discrimination is an endemic and under-addressed human rights violation that affects millions globally. It results in substantive direct and indirect economic costs in both developed and developing nations. Over the past half century, a rich literature rooted in economic theory has developed to assist in ...
More than 100 reference examples and their corresponding in-text citations are presented in the seventh edition Publication Manual.Examples of the most common works that writers cite are provided on this page; additional examples are available in the Publication Manual.. To find the reference example you need, first select a category (e.g., periodicals) and then choose the appropriate type of ...
Major cause of inflammatory bowel disease discovered. Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute, working with UCL and Imperial College London, have discovered a new biological pathway that is a principal driver of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and related conditions, and which can be targeted using existing drugs.
Using any drug can cause short-term physical effects. The following are examples of common drugs, their short-term physical effects, and potential health risks due to SUD. alcohol. deficits in ...