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Osmosis Experiment Lab Report

Intro to bio (101), rappahannock community college.

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Osmosis and Experiment: Potato Strips

Veronica Oquendo

June 4, 2021

Abstract:. Osmosis is a type of diffusion that occurs in all living things through liquid to create a balance of minerals or nutrition in cells through semi permeable membranes. Semi permeable membranes are a scan on a cell that only allows some molecules to pass. In this case it allows water to pass. The objective is to determine the change in flexibility of the potato strips when immersed in salt solution. Water will move from an area of less salt to more salt and more water to less water. When the potato is placed in the saltwater, all the water that is inside the potato moves out by osmosis. Resulting in one potato becoming crisp and hard and the other more flexible and softer. The reason in this experiment is to show the existence of osmosis and if it didn't exist both results would be the same.

Introduction: Have you ever wondered how plants “drink” water from the soil? A process of osmosis helps the water move from the soil in the plant roots and then into the plant’s cells. In many experiments performed by students, many variables have been tested with different types of solute concentrations, such as salt, sodium chloride. The aim of the potato experiment is to investigate the effects of different solute concentrations changing various results in the osmosis process. In this

experiment we will see how water moves with osmosis and how it effects the flexibility of the potato cells. Potatoes are made of cells and their cell walls act as a semipermeable membrane. Testing the samples of the potato structure will show how much water they absorb and release in both tap water and a salt solution. Ultimately, giving a measure of the osmotic concentration in living cells and the change of flexibility of the potato strips when immersed in just water and salt concentrated water.

Method:  One Potato  Table Salt  Measuring cup  Measuring spoon  Timer  Two plastic bowls/containers  A knife or potato cutter

Preparation & Procedure:

• Cut the potato into strips measuring 10 cm long and 1 cm wide.
• Fill two containers, each with 1 cup of water
• Label containers “A” and “B”
• Add 3 tablespoons of table salt to “B” container
• Pace one potato strip in container “A” and the other strip in container ”B”
• Leave both strips fully submerged in their containers
• Set timer for one hour, record observations of firmness of each potato.

Discussion: We all know that humans can only survive about 3 days without fluids. In reviewing hypertonic and hypotonic solutions, along the way cells have a very limited range of conditions in which they can survive. If it's too watery, too salty, too acidic, or too basic, they run the risk of functioning properly. In this experiment we explore what happens when you place a cell in a solution that is much more salty, hypertonic, and much more watery, hypotonic. Remembering that cell membranes are selectively permeable, they allow certain particles to pass through but not others, usually because larger molecules can't fit through the membrane without special channels. The cell membrane is fitted with special protein channels which allow water molecules to pass through without expending energy. Water molecules can cross through these membranes depending on the concentration. The measure of how much solute there is molecules would follow a process called diffusion. They would flow from areas of higher to lower concentration eventually they will reach

equilibrium., where there will be an equal concentration on both sides of the membrane. However, in the case of a liquid like salt water, the salt molecules are much too big to fit through the membrane so the only particle that can move is water. The liquid surrounding the cell has many molecules of solute in container “B”, this liquid is hypertonic. These cells contained has a much higher concentration of solute particles and a much lower concentration of water. Resulting in the solute molecules inability to pass through the membrane to reach equilibrium. Container “A”, the water molecules with no concentrated solution is a hypotonic solution. Water molecules will exit the cell but even more will enter in, therefore, not being obstructed by solute particles. These cells grow in size and it may even undergo cytolysis, enlargement of the cell.

Conclusion: the prediction of the outcome was actually fulfilled. The potato strip in the tap water increased, as the potato strip in the salt solution decreased the most. The flexibility of the potato strip in container “B” went through the process plasmolysis due to the hypertonic solution.

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Course : intro to bio (101)

University : rappahannock community college.

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