assignment operator code in php

PHP Assignment Operators

Php tutorial index.

PHP assignment operators applied to assign the result of an expression to a variable. = is a fundamental assignment operator in PHP. It means that the left operand gets set to the value of the assignment expression on the right.

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PHP - Assignment Operators Examples

You can use assignment operators in PHP to assign values to variables. Assignment operators are shorthand notations to perform arithmetic or other operations while assigning a value to a variable. For instance, the "=" operator assigns the value on the right-hand side to the variable on the left-hand side.

Additionally, there are compound assignment operators like +=, -= , *=, /=, and %= which combine arithmetic operations with assignment. For example, "$x += 5" is a shorthand for "$x = $x + 5", incrementing the value of $x by 5. Assignment operators offer a concise way to update variables based on their current values.

The following table highligts the assignment operators that are supported by PHP −

The following example shows how you can use these assignment operators in PHP −

It will produce the following output −

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• ❯ PHP Tutorial
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PHP Assignment Operators

In this tutorial, you shall learn about Assignment Operators in PHP, different Assignment Operators available in PHP, their symbols, and how to use them in PHP programs, with examples.

Assignment Operators

Assignment Operators are used to perform to assign a value or modified value to a variable.

Assignment Operators Table

The following table lists out all the assignment operators in PHP programming.

In the following program, we will take values in variables $x and $y , and perform assignment operations on these values using PHP Assignment Operators.

PHP Program

Assignment Operators Tutorials

The following tutorials cover each of the Assignment Operators in PHP in detail with examples.

• PHP Simple Assignment
• PHP Addition Assignment
• PHP Subtraction Assignment
• PHP Multiplication Assignment
• PHP Division Assignment
• PHP Modulus Assignment

In this PHP Tutorial , we learned about all the Assignment Operators in PHP programming, with examples.

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php assignment operators

Answered on: Wednesday 24 April, 2024 / Duration: 18 min read

Programming Language: PHP , Popularity : 8/10

Solution 1:

Assignment operators in PHP are used to assign values to variables. They combine the assignment operator "=" with another operator to perform an operation while assigning a value. Here are some examples of assignment operators in PHP:

1. Addition assignment operator (+=): This operator adds the value on the right to the variable on the left and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

2. Subtraction assignment operator (-=): This operator subtracts the value on the right from the variable on the left and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

3. Multiplication assignment operator (*=): This operator multiplies the value on the right with the variable on the left and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

4. Division assignment operator (/=): This operator divides the variable on the left by the value on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

5. Modulus assignment operator (%=): This operator divides the variable on the left by the value on the right and assigns the remainder to the variable on the left.

These assignment operators are useful for performing arithmetic operations while assigning values to variables in PHP.

Solution 2:

Assignment Operators in PHP

1. Assignment Operator (=)

* Assigns a value to a variable.

2. Addition Assignment Operator (+=)

* Adds a value to the existing value of a variable.

3. Subtraction Assignment Operator (-=)

* Subtracts a value from the existing value of a variable.

4. Multiplication Assignment Operator (*=)

* Multiplies the existing value of a variable by a value.

5. Division Assignment Operator (/=)

* Divides the existing value of a variable by a value.

6. Modulus Assignment Operator (%=)

* Computes the remainder of dividing the existing value of a variable by a value.

7. Concatenation Assignment Operator (.=)

* Concatenates a string to the existing value of a variable.

Solution 3:

In PHP, assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. There are several assignment operators available in PHP, which are as follows:

1. Assignment Operator (=): The assignment operator is used to assign a value to a variable.

2. Addition Assignment Operator (+=): The addition assignment operator is used to add a value to a variable and assign the result to the variable.

3. Subtraction Assignment Operator (-=): The subtraction assignment operator is used to subtract a value from a variable and assign the result to the variable.

4. Multiplication Assignment Operator (*=): The multiplication assignment operator is used to multiply a value with a variable and assign the result to the variable.

5. Division Assignment Operator (/=): The division assignment operator is used to divide a variable by a value and assign the result to the variable.

6. Modulus Assignment Operator (%=): The modulus assignment operator is used to find the remainder of a variable divided by a value and assign the result to the variable.

7. Exponent Assignment Operator ( =): The exponent assignment operator is used to raise a variable to the power of a value and assign the result to the variable.

8. Concatenation Assignment Operator (.=): The concatenation assignment operator is used to concatenate a string to a variable and assign the result to the variable.

These are the different assignment operators available in PHP. I hope this helps you with your PHP assignment!

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• ▼PHP Operators
• Arithmetic Operators
• Comparison Operators
• Logical Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• String Operators
• Array Operators
• Incrementing Decrementing Operators

PHP Assignment Operators

Description.

Assignment operators allow writing a value to a variable . The first operand must be a variable and the basic assignment operator is "=". The value of an assignment expression is the final value assigned to the variable. In addition to the regular assignment operator "=", several other assignment operators are composites of an operator followed by an equal sign.

Interestingly all five arithmetic operators have corresponding assignment operators, Here is the list.

The following table discussed more details of the said assignment operators.

View the example in the browser

Previous: Logical Operators Next: Bitwise Operators

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Operators - php basics.

Operators are symbols that instruct the PHP processor to carry out specific actions. For example, the addition ( + ) symbol instructs PHP to add two variables or values, whereas the greater-than ( > ) symbol instructs PHP to compare two values.

PHP operators are grouped as follows:

• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Increment/Decrement operators
• Logical operators
• String operators
• Array operators
• Conditional assignment operators

Arithmetic Operators

The PHP arithmetic operators are used in conjunction with numeric values to perform common arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and so on.

Sample usage of Arithmetic Operators:

Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

Sample usage of Assignment Operators:

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values in a Boolean fashion.

Sample usage of Comparison Operators:

Increment / Decrement Operators

Increment operators are used to increment a variable's value while decrement operators are used to decrement.

Sample usage of Increment / Decrement Operators:

Logical Operators

Logical operators are typically used to combine conditional statements.

Sample usage of Logical Operators:

String Operators

String operators are specifically designed for strings.

Sample usage of String Operators:

Array Operators

Array operators are used to compare arrays.

Conditional Assignment Operators

Conditional assignment operators are used to set a value depending on conditions.

Sample usage of Conditional Assignment Operators:

Create the following variables: $num1 , $num2 , $num3 . Assign the integer 3 to $num1 and 9 to $num2 . Multiply $num1 by $num2 and assign the product to $num3 . Print the result on $num3

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PHP Operators

In this article, we will see how to use the operators in PHP, & various available operators along with understanding their implementation through the examples.

Operators are used to performing operations on some values. In other words, we can describe operators as something that takes some values, performs some operation on them, and gives a result. From example, “1 + 2 = 3” in this expression ‘+’ is an operator. It takes two values 1 and 2, performs an addition operation on them to give 3. 

Just like any other programming language, PHP also supports various types of operations like arithmetic operations(addition, subtraction, etc), logical operations(AND, OR etc), Increment/Decrement Operations, etc. Thus, PHP provides us with many operators to perform such operations on various operands or variables, or values. These operators are nothing but symbols needed to perform operations of various types. Given below are the various groups of operators:

• Arithmetic Operators
• Logical or Relational Operators
• Comparison Operators
• Conditional or Ternary Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Spaceship Operators (Introduced in PHP 7)
• Array Operators
• Increment/Decrement Operators
• String Operators

Let us now learn about each of these operators in detail.

Arithmetic Operators: 

The arithmetic operators are used to perform simple mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc. Below is the list of arithmetic operators along with their syntax and operations in PHP.

Note : The exponentiation has been introduced in PHP 5.6. 

Example : This example explains the arithmetic operator in PHP.

Logical or Relational Operators:

These are basically used to operate with conditional statements and expressions. Conditional statements are based on conditions. Also, a condition can either be met or cannot be met so the result of a conditional statement can either be true or false. Here are the logical operators along with their syntax and operations in PHP.

Example : This example describes the logical & relational operator in PHP.

Comparison Operators: These operators are used to compare two elements and outputs the result in boolean form. Here are the comparison operators along with their syntax and operations in PHP.

Example : This example describes the comparison operator in PHP.

Conditional or Ternary Operators :

These operators are used to compare two values and take either of the results simultaneously, depending on whether the outcome is TRUE or FALSE. These are also used as a shorthand notation for if…else statement that we will read in the article on decision making. 

Here, the condition will either evaluate as true or false. If the condition evaluates to True, then value1 will be assigned to the variable $var otherwise value2 will be assigned to it.

Example : This example describes the Conditional or Ternary operators in PHP.

Assignment Operators: These operators are used to assign values to different variables, with or without mid-operations. Here are the assignment operators along with their syntax and operations, that PHP provides for the operations.

Example : This example describes the assignment operator in PHP.

Array Operators: These operators are used in the case of arrays. Here are the array operators along with their syntax and operations, that PHP provides for the array operation.

Example : This example describes the array operation in PHP.

Increment/Decrement Operators: These are called the unary operators as they work on single operands. These are used to increment or decrement values.

Example : This example describes the Increment/Decrement operators in PHP. 

String Operators: This operator is used for the concatenation of 2 or more strings using the concatenation operator (‘.’). We can also use the concatenating assignment operator (‘.=’) to append the argument on the right side to the argument on the left side.

Example : This example describes the string operator in PHP.

Spaceship Operators :

PHP 7 has introduced a new kind of operator called spaceship operator. The spaceship operator or combined comparison operator is denoted by “<=>“. These operators are used to compare values but instead of returning the boolean results, it returns integer values. If both the operands are equal, it returns 0. If the right operand is greater, it returns -1. If the left operand is greater, it returns 1. The following table shows how it works in detail:

Example : This example illustrates the use of the spaceship operator in PHP.

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PHP Operators

In this tutorial you will learn how to manipulate or perform the operations on variables and values using operators in PHP.

What is Operators in PHP

Operators are symbols that tell the PHP processor to perform certain actions. For example, the addition ( + ) symbol is an operator that tells PHP to add two variables or values, while the greater-than ( > ) symbol is an operator that tells PHP to compare two values.

The following lists describe the different operators used in PHP.

PHP Arithmetic Operators

The arithmetic operators are used to perform common arithmetical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication etc. Here's a complete list of PHP's arithmetic operators:

The following example will show you these arithmetic operators in action:

PHP Assignment Operators

The assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

The following example will show you these assignment operators in action:

PHP Comparison Operators

The comparison operators are used to compare two values in a Boolean fashion.

The following example will show you these comparison operators in action:

PHP Incrementing and Decrementing Operators

The increment/decrement operators are used to increment/decrement a variable's value.

The following example will show you these increment and decrement operators in action:

PHP Logical Operators

The logical operators are typically used to combine conditional statements.

The following example will show you these logical operators in action:

PHP String Operators

There are two operators which are specifically designed for strings .

The following example will show you these string operators in action:

PHP Array Operators

The array operators are used to compare arrays:

The following example will show you these array operators in action:

PHP Spaceship Operator PHP 7

PHP 7 introduces a new spaceship operator ( <=> ) which can be used for comparing two expressions. It is also known as combined comparison operator.

The spaceship operator returns 0 if both operands are equal, 1 if the left is greater, and -1 if the right is greater. It basically provides three-way comparison as shown in the following table:

The following example will show you how spaceship operator actually works:

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Home » PHP Tutorial » PHP Operators

PHP Operators

Summary : in this tutorial, you will learn about PHP operators and how to use them effectively in your script.

An operator takes one or more values, known as operands, and performs a specific operation on them.

For example, the + operator adds two numbers and returns the sum of them.

PHP supports many kinds of operators:

Arithmetic Operators

Assignment operators, bitwise operators, comparison operators.

• Increment/Decrement Operators

Logical Operators

• Concatenating Operators

The arithmetic operators require numeric values. If you apply them to non-numeric values, they’ll convert them to numeric values before carrying the arithmetic operation.

The following are the list of arithmetic operators:

The following example uses the arithmetic operators:

Comparison operators allow you to compare two operands.

A comparison operator returns a Boolean value, either true or false . If the comparison is truthful, the comparison operator returns true , otherwise, it returns false .

The following are the list of comparison operators in PHP:

Logical operators allow you to construct logical expressions. A logical operator returns a Boolean value.

PHP provides the following logical operators:

Bitwise operators perform operations on the binary representation of the operands. The following illustrates bitwise operators in PHP:

Incrementing/ Decrementing Operators

Increment (++)  and decrement (–) operators give you a quick way to increase and decrease the value of a variable by 1.

The following table illustrates the increment and decrement operators:

Concatenating Operator

Concatenating operator (.) allows you to combine two strings into one. It appends the second string to the first one and returns the combined string. For example:

Assignment operator ( = ) assigns a value to a variable and returns a value. The operand on the left is always a variable, while the operand on the right can be a literal value, variable, expression, or a function call that returns a value. For example:

In the first expression, we assigned $x  variable value 10 .  In the second one, we assigned the value of $x to $y variable. The third one is a little bit complicated. First, we assigned 20 to $x . The assignment operator ( = ) returns 20 and then 20 is assigned to $z  variable.

Besides the basic assignment operator( = ), PHP provides you with some assignment operators:

• plus-equal  +=
• minus-equal  -=
• divide-equal  /=
• multiplication-equal  *=
• modulus-equal  %=
• XOR-equal  ^=
• AND-equal  &=
• OR-equal  |=
• concatenate-equal  .=

PHP operators precedence

The precedence of an operator decides which order the operator is evaluated in an expression.

PHP assigned each operator precedence. Some operators have the same precedence, e.g., precedences of the addition ( + ) and subtraction( - ) are equal.

However, some operators have higher precedence than others.

For example, the precedence of the multiplication operator ( * ) is higher than the precedence of the add( + ) and the subtract ( - ) operators:

Because the precedence of the multiplication operator ( * ) is higher than the precedence of the add( + ) operator, PHP evaluates the multiplication operator ( * ) first and then add operator ( * ) second.

To force the evaluation in a particular order, you put the expression inside parentheses () , for example:

In this tutorial, you have briefly learned about the most commonly used PHP operators.

• Language Reference

String Operators

There are two string operators. The first is the concatenation operator ('.'), which returns the concatenation of its right and left arguments. The second is the concatenating assignment operator (' .= '), which appends the argument on the right side to the argument on the left side. Please read Assignment Operators for more information.

<?php $a = "Hello " ; $b = $a . "World!" ; // now $b contains "Hello World!" $a = "Hello " ; $a .= "World!" ; // now $a contains "Hello World!" ?>

• String type
• String functions

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• Conditional Operators

Conditional Assignment Operator in PHP is a shorthand operator that allow developers to assign values to variables based on certain conditions.

In this article, we will explore how the various Conditional Assignment Operators in PHP simplify code and make it more readable.

Let’s begin with the ternary operator.

Ternary Operator Syntax

The Conditional Operator in PHP, also known as the Ternary Operator, assigns values to variables based on a certain condition. It takes three operands: the condition, the value to be assigned if the condition is true, and the value to be assigned if the condition is false.

Here’s an example:

In this example, the condition is $score >= 60 . If this condition is true, the value of $result is “Pass”. Otherwise, the value of $result is “Fail”.

To learn more, visit the PHP ternary operator tutorial . Let’s now explore the section below to delve into the Null Coalescing Operator in PHP.

The Null Coalescing Operator (??)

The Null Coalescing Operator, also known as the Null Coalescing Assignment Operator, assigns a default value to a variable if it is null. The operator has two operands: the variable and the default value it assigns if the variable is null. Here’s an example:

So, In this example, if the $_GET['name'] variable is null, the value of $name is “Guest”. Otherwise, the value of $name is the value of $_GET['name'] .

Here’s another pattern utilizing it with the assignment operator. Let’s proceed.

The Null Coalescing Assignment Operator (??=)

The Null Coalescing Operator with Assignment, also known as the Null Coalescing Assignment Operator, assigns a default value to a variable if it is null. The operator has two operands: the variable and the default value it assigns if the variable is null. Here’s an example:

So, the value of $name is null. The Null Coalescing Assignment Operator assigns the value “Guest” to $name. Therefore, the output of the echo statement is “Welcome,”Guest!”.

Moving into the following section, you’ll learn how to use the Elvis operator in PHP.

The Elvis Operator (?:)

In another hand, The Elvis Operator is a shorthand version of the Ternary Operator. Which assigns a default value to a variable if it is null. It takes two operands: the variable and the default value to be assigned if the variable is null. Here’s an example:

In this example, if the $_GET['name'] variable is null, the value“Guest” $name s “Guest”. Otherwise, the value of $name is the value of $_GET['name'] .

Let’s summarize it.

Wrapping Up

The Conditional Assignment Operators in PHP provide developers with powerful tools to simplify code and make it more readable. You can use these operators to assign values to variables based on certain conditions, assign default values to variables if they are null, and perform shorthand versions of conditional statements. By using these operators, developers can write more efficient and elegant code.

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Boolean assignment operators in PHP

I find myself doing this kind of thing somewhat often:

With bitwise operators, you can use the &= and |= shorthand:

Given that bitwise operations on 1 and 0 are functionally equivalent to boolean operations on true and false , we can rely on type-casting and do something like this:

...but that's pretty ugly and defeats the purpose of using a shorthand assignment syntax, since we have to use another statement to get the type back to boolean.

What I'd really like to do is something like this:

...but &&= and ||= are not valid operators, obviously. So, my question is - is there some other sugary syntax or maybe an obscure core function that might serve as a stand-in? With variables as short as $foo , it's not a big deal to just use $foo = $foo && false syntax, but array elements with multiple dimensions, and/or object method calls can make the syntax quite lengthy.

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• What is wrong with $foo = $foo && false;? Or is it just curiosity? –  Dany Caissy Commented Jul 9, 2013 at 16:08
• 2 @DanyCaissy: I explained in the last paragraph. There's nothing wrong with it; it's just that that syntax is redundant, and can get very lengthy (e.g. $some['big']['long']['variable'] = $some['big']['long']['variable'] && $some['other']['boolean']; ). –  FtDRbwLXw6 Commented Jul 9, 2013 at 16:10
• You may want to change your examples. Logically, these will always yield the same result = $foo &= false; and $foo &&= false; for $foo = true . So I'm failing to see the problem/goal. –  Jason McCreary Commented Jul 9, 2013 at 16:19
• 2 @JasonMcCreary: It depends on your definition of "same." As my examples point out, the former yields int(0) and the latter yields bool(false) . So while 0 == false because of implicit type-casting, 0 !== false . –  FtDRbwLXw6 Commented Jul 9, 2013 at 16:50
• This is still relevent 7 years latter with PHP7/8 type enforcement checks. Very easy to accidentally convert from a bool to an int if you use short syntax. –  evo_rob Commented Apr 6, 2021 at 11:26

3 Answers 3

In a way you have answered your own question:

bitwise operations on 1 and 0 are functionally equivalent to boolean operations on true and false

Bearing in mind that PHP is a weakly typed language, so it is not necessary to typecast to and from strict boolean values as 1 and 0 are equivalent to true and false (except strict equality, see below).

Consider the following code, using your examples:

Given PHP's implicit type juggling , falsy values , and with the exception of strict equaltiy , I'm hard pressed to see where such shorthand operations of &&= and ||= would not yield the same result as &= and |= . Especially when evaluating boolean values . It's likely why such shorthands don't exist in PHP.

Some quick benchmarks prove these are indeed equivalent, except for truthy arrays/objects:

• 1 You're correct, but I was actually looking for a solution that didn't change the type (hence why my 3rd example was explicitly type-casting back into a bool ). I have control over both the operands, and they're guaranteed to be bool s, so I'd much rather just use the longer syntax than potentially introduce errors into the code by returning "falsy" values instead of a strict bool like the interface has documented. –  FtDRbwLXw6 Commented Jul 9, 2013 at 17:00
• 1 Fair. Even though PHP is a weakly typed, dynamic language, I support writing such explicit code. My answer is based on that fact that for boolean values (and most other simple types) bitwise operators are equivalent to boolean operators. But if you want to use such a shorthand, you have to give up strict equality checks (or compare to 0/1). In the end, I don't really see the point. Nonetheless, I wanted to provide an answer for future readers. –  Jason McCreary Commented Jul 9, 2013 at 17:24
• Keep in mind, you could always cast it before returning the value. Probably good practice anyway. –  Jason McCreary Commented Jul 9, 2013 at 17:45
• 1 @JasonMcCreary No, boolean and bitwise operators are not equivalent, though their output is. The big difference is, that PHP does not even execute an expression for boolean operates if the outcome makes no difference. So $res = sql_query() OR die(); is not equivalent to $res = sql_query(); $res |= die(); . –  Matteo B. Commented Mar 25, 2015 at 11:45
• 1 @Matmarbon, correct, in these comments I forgot a key qualifier - functionally equivalent. –  Jason McCreary Commented Mar 25, 2015 at 12:57

As Jason mentioned, bitwise operators will work and it will not be necessary to convert the result back to boolean, as PHP will already handle their value as a boolean properly.

If you want an alternative that does not use bitwise operators, for the sake of readability or if you want strict equality, you can use this method :

Which means, you could change this :

It would also work with multiple conditions :

• 2 While helpful, it seems the OP is looking for something native and aware they can write custom code. –  Jason McCreary Commented Jul 9, 2013 at 16:22
• 1 I don't think there is something native that would do it for them, this is why I put this here. I'll remove my answer if I am proven wrong. While I'm sure OP could have came up with this method by himself, future readers that are less experienced might find it useful. –  Dany Caissy Commented Jul 9, 2013 at 16:23
• Did someone thing to post this to the PHP dev team? –  theking2 Commented Apr 6, 2022 at 12:00
• I did: on github –  theking2 Commented Apr 6, 2022 at 12:09

Right, &&= and ||= operators are indeed missing in PHP because bitwise operators can not be used as a replacement (without casting).

Here is an example you would expect to return true but returns false :

The missing &&= operator would return true because 1 && 10 = true

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