autobiography of nelson mandela class 10

• Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom Summary Class 10 English

Summary of Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom

Long Walk to Freedom is the autobiography of Nelson Mandela, who was the former South African President. This article is for Nelson Mandela long walk to freedom summary. This chapter is the extracts from the “Long Walk to Freedom” book. It includes the description of the inauguration ceremony and citations from his speech and about his journey to being a freedom fighter. It says about the other countless people who fought for their freedom.   In South Africa, a brutal practice named “apartheid” was very popular in those days. It referred to the discrimination between people on the basis of their race and colour. It was one of the most brutal societies in which dark-skinned people were deprived of their basic rights. This lesson gives us an overview of the struggles of Mandela for making the society with no discrimination on the basis of their colour, caste, race, age or gender.

Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom Summary in English

“A Long to Freedom”, by Nelson Mandela is all about the struggle of freedom of South-Africa. On May 10, 1994, Nelson Mandela has taken the vow as the first black president of South Africa. And therefore it was becoming a new-born democratic country. Nelson Mandela took the oath as the first black president.

Many dignitaries from different countries had come to be part of the most significant day. In his speech, Mandela thanked all those dignitaries. Mandela assured his countrymen that his country would never ever experience the same suppression of one by another. Democracy had been established in South Africa and as a result, a government of no discrimination was established.

Read more English Chapter Summaries here

The people of South Africa sang two National Anthems as a symbol of that day. Mandela recalled that the reason for this movement was that Black-skinned people were exploited by the White people. He said that this type of suppression of people of South Africa is the origin of many stars. People must learn to hate first, because if they hate then they can be taught to love, as love comes from the opposite circumstances. He also says that a brave man is not that who does not feel afraid but who conquers it.

In life, a man has two major obligations. First towards his family, to his parents, to his wife and to his children and second on the other hand obligation towards his country, people and the community. Everyone fulfils his duty as per his inclination and interest. But it was very tough to fulfil in a country like South Africa. When Mandela became an adult then he understood that his freedom was only an illusion. In fact, he was the slave of exploitation. He also understood that not only he was a slave but his other family members were also.

According to him, Freedom is also mandatory for them who were suppressing others in the past. They also have the right to have it because snatcher of other’s freedom is a prisoner of the same. Thus, the oppressor is as much a prisoner as the oppressed. The oppressor too is not free.

Conclusion of Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom

The brave man is not the one who does not feel afraid, but he is the one who conquers that fear. Mandela said that every man has his duties towards his country and community too.

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Biography of Nelson Mandela

Rolihlahla Mandela was born into the Madiba clan in the village of Mvezo , in the Eastern Cape, on 18 July 1918. His mother was Nonqaphi Nosekeni and his father was Nkosi Mphakanyiswa Gadla Mandela, principal counsellor to the Acting King of the Thembu people, Jongintaba Dalindyebo. In 1930, when he was 12 years old, his father died and the young Rolihlahla became a ward of Jongintaba at the Great Place in Mqhekezweni 1 .

Hearing the elders’ stories of his ancestors’ valour during the wars of resistance, he dreamed also of making his own contribution to the freedom struggle of his people.

He attended primary school in Qunu where his teacher, Miss Mdingane, gave him the name Nelson, in accordance with the custom of giving all schoolchildren “Christian” names.

He completed his Junior Certificate at Clarkebury Boarding Institute and went on to Healdtown, a Wesleyan secondary school of some repute, where he matriculated.

Mandela began his studies for a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University College of Fort Hare but did not complete the degree there as he was expelled for joining in a student protest.

On his return to the Great Place at Mqhekezweni the King was furious and said if he didn’t return to Fort Hare he would arrange wives for him and his cousin Justice. They ran away to Johannesburg instead, arriving there in 1941. There he worked as a mine security officer and after meeting Walter Sisulu, an estate agent, he was introduced to Lazer Sidelsky. He then did his articles through a firm of attorneys – Witkin, Eidelman and Sidelsky.

He completed his BA through the University of South Africa and went back to Fort Hare for his graduation in 1943.

Nelson Mandela (top row, second from left) on the steps of Wits University.

Meanwhile, he began studying for an LLB at the University of the Witwatersrand. By his own admission he was a poor student and left the university in 1952 without graduating. He only started studying again through the University of London after his imprisonment in 1962 but also did not complete that degree.

In 1989, while in the last months of his imprisonment, he obtained an LLB through the University of South Africa. He graduated in absentia at a ceremony in Cape Town.

Entering politics

Mandela, while increasingly politically involved from 1942, only joined the African National Congress in 1944 when he helped to form the ANC Youth League (ANCYL).

In 1944 he married Walter Sisulu’s cousin, Evelyn Mase, a nurse. They had two sons, Madiba Thembekile "Thembi" and Makgatho, and two daughters both called Makaziwe, the first of whom died in infancy. He and his wife divorced in 1958.

Mandela rose through the ranks of the ANCYL and through its efforts, the ANC adopted a more radical mass-based policy, the Programme of Action, in 1949.

Nelson Mandela on the roof of Kholvad House in 1953.

In 1952 he was chosen as the National Volunteer-in-Chief of the Defiance Campaign with Maulvi Cachalia as his deputy. This campaign of civil disobedience against six unjust laws was a joint programme between the ANC and the South African Indian Congress. He and 19 others were charged under the Suppression of Communism Act for their part in the campaign and sentenced to nine months of hard labour, suspended for two years.

A two-year diploma in law on top of his BA allowed Mandela to practise law, and in August 1952 he and Oliver Tambo established South Africa’s first black-owned law firm in the 1950s, Mandela & Tambo. 2

At the end of 1952 he was banned for the first time. As a restricted person he was only permitted to watch in secret as the Freedom Charter was adopted in Kliptown on 26 June 1955.

The Treason Trial

Mandela was arrested in a countrywide police swoop on 5 December 1956, which led to the 1956 Treason Trial. Men and women of all races found themselves in the dock in the marathon trial that only ended when the last 28 accused, including Mandela, were acquitted on 29 March 1961.

On 21 March 1960 police killed 69 unarmed people in a protest in Sharpeville against the pass laws. This led to the country’s first state of emergency and the banning of the ANC and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) on 8 April. Mandela and his colleagues in the Treason Trial were among thousands detained during the state of emergency.

During the trial Mandela married a social worker, Winnie Madikizela, on 14 June 1958. They had two daughters, Zenani and Zindziswa. The couple divorced in 1996.

Days before the end of the Treason Trial, Mandela travelled to Pietermaritzburg to speak at the All-in Africa Conference, which resolved that he should write to Prime Minister Verwoerd requesting a national convention on a non-racial constitution, and to warn that should he not agree there would be a national strike against South Africa becoming a republic. After he and his colleagues were acquitted in the Treason Trial, Mandela went underground and began planning a national strike for 29, 30 and 31 March.

In the face of massive mobilisation of state security the strike was called off early. In June 1961 he was asked to lead the armed struggle and helped to establish Umkhonto weSizwe (Spear of the Nation), which launched on 16 December 1961 with a series of explosions.

Madiba travelled with his Ethiopian passport.

On 11 January 1962, using the adopted name David Motsamayi, Mandela secretly left South Africa. He travelled around Africa and visited England to gain support for the armed struggle. He received military training in Morocco and Ethiopia and returned to South Africa in July 1962. He was arrested in a police roadblock outside Howick on 5 August while returning from KwaZulu-Natal, where he had briefed ANC President Chief Albert Luthuli about his trip.

He was charged with leaving the country without a permit and inciting workers to strike. He was convicted and sentenced to five years' imprisonment, which he began serving at the Pretoria Local Prison. On 27 May 1963 he was transferred to Robben Island and returned to Pretoria on 12 June. Within a month police raided Liliesleaf, a secret hideout in Rivonia, Johannesburg, used by ANC and Communist Party activists, and several of his comrades were arrested.

On 9 October 1963 Mandela joined 10 others on trial for sabotage in what became known as the Rivonia Trial. While facing the death penalty his words to the court at the end of his famous "Speech from the Dock" on 20 April 1964 became immortalised:

“ I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die. ” Speech from the Dock quote by Nelson Mandela on 20 April 1964

On 11 June 1964 Mandela and seven other accused, Walter Sisulu, Ahmed Kathrada, Govan Mbeki, Raymond Mhlaba, Denis Goldberg, Elias Motsoaledi and Andrew Mlangeni, were convicted and the next day were sentenced to life imprisonment. Goldberg was sent to Pretoria Prison because he was white, while the others went to Robben Island.

Mandela’s mother died in 1968 and his eldest son, Thembi, in 1969. He was not allowed to attend their funerals.

On 31 March 1982 Mandela was transferred to Pollsmoor Prison in Cape Town with Sisulu, Mhlaba and Mlangeni. Kathrada joined them in October. When he returned to the prison in November 1985 after prostate surgery, Mandela was held alone. Justice Minister Kobie Coetsee visited him in hospital. Later Mandela initiated talks about an ultimate meeting between the apartheid government and the ANC.

A picture captured during a rare visit from his comrades at Victor Verster Prison.

Release from prison

On 12 August 1988 he was taken to hospital where he was diagnosed with tuberculosis. After more than three months in two hospitals he was transferred on 7 December 1988 to a house at Victor Verster Prison near Paarl where he spent his last 14 months of imprisonment. He was released from its gates on Sunday 11 February 1990, nine days after the unbanning of the ANC and the PAC and nearly four months after the release of his remaining Rivonia comrades. Throughout his imprisonment he had rejected at least three conditional offers of release.

Mandela immersed himself in official talks to end white minority rule and in 1991 was elected ANC President to replace his ailing friend, Oliver Tambo. In 1993 he and President FW de Klerk jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize and on 27 April 1994 he voted for the first time in his life.

On 10 May 1994 he was inaugurated as South Africa’s first democratically elected President. On his 80 th birthday in 1998 he married Graça Machel, his third wife.

True to his promise, Mandela stepped down in 1999 after one term as President. He continued to work with the Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund he set up in 1995 and established the Nelson Mandela Foundation and The Mandela Rhodes Foundation.

In April 2007 his grandson, Mandla Mandela, was installed as head of the Mvezo Traditional Council at a ceremony at the Mvezo Great Place.

Nelson Mandela never wavered in his devotion to democracy, equality and learning. Despite terrible provocation, he never answered racism with racism. His life is an inspiration to all who are oppressed and deprived; and to all who are opposed to oppression and deprivation.

He died at his home in Johannesburg on 5 December 2013.

1. Nelson Mandela's father died in 1930 when Mandela was 12 and his mother died in 1968 when he was in prison. While the autobiography Long Walk to Freedom says his father died when he was nine, historical evidence shows it must have been later, most likely 1930. In fact, the original Long Walk to Freedom manuscript (written on Robben Island) states the year as 1930, when he was 12.

2. have established that there were at least 2 other black owned law firms before Mandela and Tambo.

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Early life and work

Underground activity and the rivonia trial.

• Incarceration
• Presidency and retirement

When and where was Nelson Mandela born?

When did nelson mandela die, what is nelson mandela known for, to whom was nelson mandela married, what publications did nelson mandela write.

Nelson Mandela

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• Official Site of the Nelson Mandela Foundation
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• Table Of Contents

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, also known as Madiba, was born Rolihlahla Mandela on July 18, 1918, in Mvezo, South Africa; the name Nelson was later added by one of his teachers. His father, the chief of the Madiba clan of the Xhosa -speaking Tembu people, died when Nelson was still young, and he was raised by Jongintaba, the regent of the Tembu. Although Nelson had a claim to the chieftainship, he renounced it in order to become a lawyer.

Nelson Mandela died on December 5, 2013, in Johannesburg . He was 95 years old. After his death was announced, his life was remembered and celebrated in South Africa as well as around the world. Numerous memorial services were held, including one by the South African government on December 10. He was laid to rest at Qunu, in South Africa’s Eastern Cape province, on December 15.

Nelson Mandela is known for several things, but perhaps he is best known for successfully leading the resistance to South Africa’s policy of apartheid in the 20th century, during which he was infamously incarcerated at Robben Island Prison (1964–82). He won the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1993, along with South Africa’s president at the time, F.W. de Klerk , for having led the transition from apartheid to a multiracial democracy. Mandela is also known for being the first black president of South Africa, serving from 1994 to 1999.

Nelson Mandela had three wives: Evelyn Ntoko Mase (1944–58); Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (1958–96), who was also a noteworthy anti- apartheid champion; and Graça Machel (1998–2013), who was the widow of Samora Machel , former president of Mozambique (1975–86), and was Mandela’s wife at the time of his death in 2013.

Nelson Mandela’s writings included I Am Prepared to Die (1964; rev. ed. 1986); No Easy Walk to Freedom (1965; updated ed. 2002); The Struggle Is My Life (1978; rev. ed. 1990); In His Own Words (2003); and Long Walk to Freedom (1994), which chronicles his early life and years in prison. Dare Not Linger: The Presidential Years (2017), released posthumously, is the unfinished draft of his second volume of memoirs; it was completed by Mandla Langa.

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Nelson Mandela (born July 18, 1918, Mvezo, South Africa—died December 5, 2013, Johannesburg) was a Black nationalist and the first Black president of South Africa (1994–99). His negotiations in the early 1990s with South African Pres. F.W. de Klerk helped end the country’s apartheid system of racial segregation and ushered in a peaceful transition to majority rule. Mandela and de Klerk were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1993 for their efforts.

Nelson Mandela was the son of Chief Henry Mandela of the Madiba clan of the Xhosa-speaking Tembu people. After his father’s death, young Nelson was raised by Jongintaba, the regent of the Tembu. Nelson renounced his claim to the chieftainship to become a lawyer. He attended South African Native College (later the University of Fort Hare) and studied law at the University of the Witwatersrand; he later passed the qualification exam to become a lawyer. In 1944 he joined the African National Congress (ANC), a Black-liberation group, and became a leader of its Youth League. That same year he met and married Evelyn Ntoko Mase. Mandela subsequently held other ANC leadership positions, through which he helped revitalize the organization and oppose the apartheid policies of the ruling National Party .

In 1952 in Johannesburg , with fellow ANC leader Oliver Tambo , Mandela established South Africa’s first Black law practice, specializing in cases resulting from the post-1948 apartheid legislation. Also that year, Mandela played an important role in launching a campaign of defiance against South Africa’s pass laws, which required nonwhites to carry documents (known as passes, pass books, or reference books) authorizing their presence in areas that the government deemed “restricted” (i.e., generally reserved for the white population). He traveled throughout the country as part of the campaign, trying to build support for nonviolent means of protest against the discriminatory laws. In 1955 he was involved in drafting the Freedom Charter , a document calling for nonracial social democracy in South Africa.

Mandela’s antiapartheid activism made him a frequent target of the authorities. Starting in 1952, he was intermittently banned (severely restricted in travel, association, and speech). In December 1956 he was arrested with more than 100 other people on charges of treason that were designed to harass antiapartheid activists. Mandela went on trial that same year and eventually was acquitted in 1961. During the extended court proceedings, he divorced his first wife and married Nomzamo Winifred Madikizela ( Winnie Madikizela-Mandela ).

After the massacre of unarmed Black South Africans by police forces at Sharpeville in 1960 and the subsequent banning of the ANC, Mandela abandoned his nonviolent stance and began advocating acts of sabotage against the South African regime. He went underground (during which time he became known as the Black Pimpernel for his ability to evade capture) and was one of the founders of Umkhonto we Sizwe (“Spear of the Nation”), the military wing of the ANC. In 1962 he went to Algeria for training in guerrilla warfare and sabotage, returning to South Africa later that year. On August 5, shortly after his return, Mandela was arrested at a road block in Natal ; he was subsequently sentenced to five years in prison.

In October 1963 the imprisoned Mandela and several other men were tried for sabotage, treason, and violent conspiracy in the infamous Rivonia Trial, named after a fashionable suburb of Johannesburg where raiding police had discovered quantities of arms and equipment at the headquarters of the underground Umkhonto we Sizwe. Mandela’s speech from the dock, in which he admitted the truth of some of the charges made against him, was a classic defense of liberty and defiance of tyranny . (His speech garnered international attention and acclaim and was published later that year as I Am Prepared to Die .) On June 12, 1964, he was sentenced to life imprisonment, narrowly escaping the death penalty .

CBSE 10th English: Nelson Mandela’s “Long Walk to Freedom”

In this article:

• Unveiling the Fight for Freedom in South Africa

The Struggle Against Apartheid: A Defining Chapter

Aligning with cbse values, 20 questions and answers on nelson mandela’s “long walk to freedom” (cbse english focus).

Nelson Mandela’s autobiography, “Long Walk to Freedom,” is a powerful and inspiring read, especially for students within the CBSE English curriculum. This summary delves into the key themes and historical context relevant to your studies.

A Journey Towards Equality

The book chronicles Mandela’s life, specifically his unwavering fight against the oppressive system of apartheid in South Africa. Apartheid enforced racial segregation, denying basic rights to the black majority. Mandela’s story serves as a beacon of hope, showcasing the human spirit’s ability to overcome injustice and pave the way for a more equitable future.

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From Personal Freedom to Collective Liberation

The narrative explores how Mandela’s understanding of freedom evolved. Initially, it encompassed basic freedoms like choosing his path and staying out late. As he matured, he recognized the significance of fundamental human rights and the fight against racial discrimination.

A central theme revolves around the fight against apartheid. The book details Mandela’s experiences as a political activist, his imprisonment on Robben Island for 27 years, and his unwavering commitment to dismantling the system. It sheds light on the sacrifices made by countless individuals in the pursuit of freedom.

Leading by Example: Reconciliation and Forgiveness

Upon his release in 1990, Mandela became a pivotal figure in dismantling apartheid and leading South Africa towards a multiracial democracy. The book emphasizes his dedication to reconciliation and forgiveness, even towards those who wronged him. Mandela’s leadership serves as a powerful model for promoting equality and justice around the globe.

“Long Walk to Freedom” aligns perfectly with the values emphasized by CBSE English. It provides a historical perspective on the fight against apartheid and the importance of human rights. Furthermore, Mandela’s story offers a compelling example of resilience, leadership, and the power of forgiveness.

Beyond the Political Landscape

While the book delves into the political arena, it also offers insights into Mandela’s personal life. Readers gain a glimpse into his relationships with family and friends, along with his thoughts and emotions during his imprisonment.

Exploring Language and Literary Devices

Analyzing the use of language and literary devices within the book can further enhance your understanding of how Mandela presents his experiences and conveys his message.

A Must-Read for CBSE Students

“Long Walk to Freedom” is a significant read for CBSE students. It offers valuable lessons about history, social justice, and the unwavering pursuit of one’s beliefs.

Early Life and Understanding of Freedom (Q1-Q5):

• Where and when was Nelson Mandela born?
• Answer: Nelson Mandela was born in Mvezo, South Africa, in 1918.
• What were some of the limitations Mandela faced as a young boy?
• Answer: As a young boy, Mandela craved basic freedoms like staying out late and choosing his path, which were restricted by traditional customs.
• How did Mandela’s understanding of freedom evolve as he grew up?
• Answer: As he matured, Mandela realized the importance of fundamental human rights and the fight against racial segregation.
• What was Mandela’s tribal name and its significance?
• Answer: Mandela’s tribal name was Rolihlahla, meaning “troublemaker” or “stirrer.” This foreshadowed his future role as an activist.
• What education did Mandela pursue, and how did it influence him?
• Answer: Mandela pursued a law degree, which equipped him with the knowledge and skills to fight for justice within the legal system.

The Struggle Against Apartheid (Q6-Q10):

• What was apartheid, and how did it impact South Africa?
• Answer: Apartheid was a system of racial discrimination that denied basic rights to the black majority in South Africa.
• What political party did Mandela join, and why?
• Answer: Mandela joined the African National Congress (ANC) to fight against apartheid and advocate for racial equality.
• What were some of the non-violent resistance tactics employed by the ANC?
• Answer: The ANC used peaceful protests, boycotts, and strikes to dismantle apartheid.
• Why was Mandela arrested and imprisoned in 1962?
• Answer: Mandela was arrested for sabotage and conspiracy to overthrow the government due to his role in the ANC.
• What were the living conditions like for Mandela on Robben Island?
• Answer: Robben Island prison was harsh, with forced labor and limited contact with the outside world.

Leadership and Legacy (Q11-Q15):

• How did Mandela maintain his spirit and leadership during his imprisonment?
• Answer: Mandela used his time in prison to study, exercise, and maintain his mental strength, inspiring fellow prisoners.
• What role did Mandela play in the negotiations to end apartheid?
• Answer: After his release in 1990, Mandela became a key figure in dismantling apartheid through peaceful negotiations.
• Why was Mandela’s commitment to reconciliation and forgiveness so significant?
• Answer: Mandela’s approach fostered healing and unity between previously divided racial groups in South Africa.
• What position did Mandela hold after the end of apartheid?
• Answer: Mandela became the first black president of South Africa in 1994, leading the country towards a multiracial democracy.
• What are some of Mandela’s lasting legacies beyond South Africa?
• Answer: Mandela’s legacy extends globally, inspiring movements for freedom, justice, and reconciliation.

Themes and Analysis (Q16-Q20):

• Identify some of the central themes explored in “Long Walk to Freedom.”
• Answer: The themes include the fight for justice, overcoming adversity, the importance of freedom, the power of forgiveness, and the pursuit of equality.
• How does the book portray the psychological impact of imprisonment?
• Answer: The book reveals the mental struggles and resilience required to endure long-term imprisonment.
• What literary devices does Mandela use to convey his message effectively?
• Answer: Mandela might use techniques like personal anecdotes, historical context, and descriptions of his emotions to engage the reader.
• Why is “Long Walk to Freedom” considered a valuable resource for CBSE students?
• Answer: The book provides a historical perspective on the fight against apartheid and promotes values like courage, perseverance, and the importance of fighting for what one believes in.
• How can analyzing “Long Walk to Freedom” benefit your understanding of social justice issues?
• Answer: Studying the book fosters critical thinking about social inequalities and the importance of advocating for fair treatment for all.

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Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom Class 10 Notes

Summary in english.

This lesson is an extract from the autobiography, Long Walk to Freedom. Nelson Mandela was the first black to become the President of South Africa after three hundred years’ rule of the White. Mr. Mandela’s party won 252 seats out of 400 in the first democratic elections in South Africa’s history. In his address at the inauguration ceremony Nelson Mandela said, ‘‘Never, never again will this beautiful land experience the oppression of one by another.’’ Mandela and his African National Congress spent a lifetime fighting against the white rule. Mandela was congratulated by dignitaries and world leaders before the inauguration. It was the largest gathering ever of international leaders on South African soil. Mr. de Klerk was first sworn in as the second Deputy President preceded by Thabo Mbeki as first Deputy President and ultimately the First Black President of South Africa, Nelson Mandela.

Then an array of South African jets, helicopters and troop carriers displayed military force of South Africa. On this day the white and the black both sung their respective national anthems. South Africa could see this day because of the numberless sacrifices of the people. According to Mandela, the greatest wealth of his country is its people like Oliver Tambo, Walter Sislus, Chief Luthulis and some others. He learned from these people that courage was not the absence of fear but the triumph over it.

No one is born hating another person because of the colour of his skin, or his background, or his religion. So people must learn how to love others. Each man has two obligations; first towards his family and second one for his country. But in a country like South Africa, it was almost impossible for a man to fulfil both these obligations. Mandela was not born with the hunger to be free as he felt that he was born free. But in his boyhood he found this freedom an illusion. The desire of freedom was not confined to Mandela only

but to all the Africans now. It is indivisible; the chains on anyone of his people were the chains on all of them, the chains on all of his people were the chains on him. The man who takes away another man’s freedom is a prisoner of hatred; he is locked behind the bars of prejudice and narrow mindedness. One can be called free if he respects another’s freedom with same degree as he desires for himself.

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• Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela- Long Walk to Freedom Summary

Reading this first hand and beautifully written account of Nelson Mandela’s life is an extraordinary opportunity. Nelson Mandela, a South African freedom fighter and unfortunately a political prisoner for 27 years, his saga of eradicating the apartheid system from the country. The African National Congress struggled, and finally, Mandela was the first black president.

About Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela was a political leader and anti-apartheid activist from South Africa. Mandela was elected president of South Africa after serving 27 years in prison for supporting anti-apartheid views. He was the country's first black president and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end apartheid in South Africa. Mandela has earned over 250 honors and is recognized universally as one of the most significant figures of the 20th century and an icon of democracy and social justice. Today, he is highly respected in South Africa. 

We hope this CBSE Class 10 English Long Walk to Freedom Summary provided students with a strong overview of the chapter. You can visit Vedantu's website for more intriguing updates on CBSE and CBSE study material, as well as access to sample papers and question papers from previous years.

The Birth of the Mischievous Child - Summary

Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918, in a petit village in South Africa’s Transkei region. He was named Rolihlahla by his father, which colloquially translated to “troublemaker” in their language. Mandela was born to a noble lineage. His father held the position of the chief of the Thembu tribe. In his childhood, Mandela was a herd boy looking after cattle and sheep. He mainly ate “mealies' ' corn as his food. He attended a small one-room school in his village, often wearing his father’s cut-off pants secured by a string around the waist.

In his words- “ My life, and that of most Xhosas...was shaped by custom, ritual, and taboo.”

Mandela’s father passed away when he was just nine and his family sent him to live with Chief Jongintaba Dalindyebo, the Thembu’s acting regent in Mqhekezweni, “the great place,” Thembuland’s provincial capital. He received a better education for a black South African of his generation. He studied in a reputed college named Wesleyan college in Fort Beaufort, and at the University College of Fort Hare, in Alice. While he was a student, the regent tried to arrange his marriage to a daughter of a Thembu priest. He refused and ran away to Johannesburg.

His Journey to a Rebellion

Mandela started his career as a night watchman at Crown Mines. It was a local gold mine. He utilized subterfuge to get this job, lying about the approval he had gotten from the well-reputed regent. Mine officials learned the truth and told Mandela to return immediately to Mqhekezweni. Refusing to leave Johannesburg, Mandela stayed with a cousin for some time. Then he moved in with Reverend J. Mabutho, but after knowing his truth, the reverend arranged for him to stay with neighbors. 

Mandela went to work as a clerk for the law firm of Witkin, Sidelsky, and Eidelman and took correspondence courses from the University of South Africa. Despite his poverty, his eventual goal was to be a lawyer. In 1942, Mandela earned his bachelor’s degree. He enrolled in the University of the Witwatersrand for his law degree. He was the only black law student.

Fight for Freedom 

The African National Congress had its young member, Mandela. He convinced the ANC's head to take a more substantial step towards the black people’s equal rights.  During this period of his life, Mandela also got married to Evelyn Mase, his first wife.

“Apartheid was the policy for arranging the laws and regulations that had kept Africans in an inferior position to whites for centuries. In 1948, the National Party became the ruling party in South Africa and applied apartheid, the political separation and oppression of blacks. The nationalist party restricted black people’s freedom. This agitated the rebellion against Mandela, and he, along with his party, started civil disobedience. 

He got arrested and was confined for a brief period and later again got arrested along with the ANP members and was put on trial. The court sentenced them to nine months of imprisonment for communism but later suspended the sentence. 

By 1952, Mandela had inaugurated a law firm with Oliver Tambo. The authorities insulted them as “kaffir” lawyers, a racial slander. Their firm represented blacks in various police brutality cases but always lost in court. In 1953, The Nationalist government moved blacks to rural areas and gave their homes to white people. This angered Mandela, and he decided to give up the passive resistance. He was considered dangerous and was banned from politics for some years.

In 1956, the South African security police arrested Mandela and 155 other leaders, including nearly every ANC official. The charge was high treason, but the leaders were released pending trial. Mandela was accused by his ANC members of trying to create a Russian- Style Government. 

Mandela’s marriage was on the rocks. Evelyn left with their sons Makgatho and Thembi, and their daughter, Makaziwe. Shortly after, Mandela fell in love with Nomzamo Winifred Madikizela, known as Winnie. He remarried Winnie, and she was active in the women's ANC group.

The interminable “treason trial” finally ended in March 1961, after four years. Though found innocent, Mandela went into hiding. The security forces issued new warrants for his arrest. He traveled surreptitiously, sometimes posing as a chauffeur or a “garden boy.” The government set up roadblocks to prevent his movements. Newspapers began to write about the former high-profile freedom fighter, now a mysterious will-o’-the-wisp. They called him the “Black Pimpernel.”

Before long, the South African police arrested Mandela for fomenting strikes and for leaving the country without the proper documents. Mandela defended himself at his 1962 trial but did not contest the charges. Finding him guilty, the judge sentenced him to five years in prison with no parole. He was sent to Robben Island, where white jailers greeted him with, “This is the island where you will die!” Soon the authorities brought new charges, for sabotage, against Mandela and the other freedom fighters. The government produced 173 witnesses against them. People worldwide demonstrated on behalf of Mandela and his comrades, but in 1964, they were found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment on Robben Island.

Their cells were damp, cramped, and unpleasant. Inside the walls, the “Coloreds” (mixed-race peoples) and the Indians received the best (though not good) food. Mandela and the other blacks received the worst.

“I wanted South Africa to see that I loved even my enemies, while I hated the system that turned us against one another.

Mandela always had to be on guard in jail. Once, he turned down a warden who offered to help him escape. Later, he learned that the man was with the Bureau of State Security. He planned that Mandela would be “accidentally” killed during the escape.

“I am told that when ‘Free Mandela’ posters went up in London, most young people thought my Christian name was Free.” - Mandela

More black South Africans than ever before joined the fight for freedom. New militant groups formed. The ANC’s popularity increased. The townships were in an uproar. Violence escalated. In 1985, the government offered to free Mandela if he renounced violence. Though he refused, he now believed it was time to negotiate with the Nationalists. As the de facto leader of the freedom movement, he met first with a special committee of Nationalist officials. Their initial topic was the armed struggle. The Nationalists said violence against the state was criminal. Mandela said the state “was responsible for the violence” and that the oppressor, not the oppressed, always “dictates the form of the struggle.”

In early 1990, de Klerk freed Mandela and seven of his comrades. They had imprisoned  Mandela for 27 years. De Klerk also dismantled apartheid. In December, the two men met. The push for black freedom now moved with startling speed.

In 1993, the ANC and de Klerk’s administration announced plans for a “government of national unity,” calling for South Africa to hold its first truly democratic election the following year. For their efforts, Mandela and de Klerk received the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize. In April 1994, the ANC won 62.6% of the vote. Shortly thereafter, Nelson Mandela became president of South Africa. He served until 1999.

Work remains to be done. Mandela has not achieved his full original goal, “to liberate the oppressed and the oppressor,” though his country has taken bold steps forward. For now, He says, “We have merely achieved the freedom to be free, the right not to be oppressed.”

The courageous man is not the fearless one; instead, he is the one who overcomes his fear. According to Mandela, every man has responsibilities towards his country and community.

FAQs on Nelson Mandela

1. What was the reason behind singing two national anthems?

The two national anthems- one for Blacks and one for Whites, were sung to symbolize equality and respect for all members of the community, regardless of race.

2. According to Mandela, what does courage mean?

"Courage," according to Mandela, does not imply the absence of fear but the victory over it. A brave man has overcome his fear of beating all challenges.

3. What are the key points to remember?

Here are the key points:

The swearing-in ceremony took place in Pretoria's beautiful sandstone amphitheater.

He wished for Africa's independence to rule.

Army authorities, who could have apprehended him and imprisoned him previously, saluted him to show respect for the newly established democracy.

The two national anthems were sung during his swearing-in ceremony.

He reflects on the history and pays tribute to national martyrs who gave their lives for the cause of their homeland.

The martyrs, he claims, were men of remarkable courage, knowledge, and generosity.

He claims that man's goodness is a burning flame that can be quenched, but never exhausted.

He discusses his dual responsibilities, one to his family and the other to his country. He discovered he was not free while performing his duties.

As a result, he joined the African National Congress and fought for his country's independence.

He understood that the oppressor, like the oppressed, needed to be liberated.

4. How did Mandela's perspective of freedom evolve as he grew older and gained experience?

As a child, Mandela believed he was born free as long as he obeyed his father's demands and followed his clan's rules. He desired freedom as a student, which he saw as crucial for himself, such as the ability to remain out late at night, read whatever he pleased, and so on. He wished for the freedom to live a simple, dignified life as a young man in Johannesburg. Slowly, he discovered that not only was his freedom limited but that everyone in his town was restricted from living a regular, lawful life. That's when his desire for personal liberty transformed into a greater desire for the freedom of his people.

5. How did the desire for the freedom of his people animated Nelson Mandela’s life?

The desire for the freedom of his people changed Nelson Mandela’s life. He went from being a frightened young man to being a brave young man. A law-abiding attorney became a criminal as a result of his desire. A family-loving husband was transformed into a homeless guy, while a life-loving man was transformed into a monk. Mandela was neither virtuous nor selfless, and he could not even enjoy limited freedom. When he discovered that his people were not free, he felt robbed. He felt his people's slavery as if that was his own. His life was influenced by his desire for his people to be free to live their lives with dignity and self-respect. He was given freedom even though his people were not. The right to be free was indivisible. Any of his people's chains were the chains on all of them, and the chains on all of his people were likewise the chains on him. So, he fought for them.

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NCERT Solutions Class 10 English Chapter 2: A Long Walk to Freedom Class

• Updated on  
• Jan 13, 2024

A Long Walk to Freedom is the 2nd chapter of the Class 10 English syllabus , which is the autobiography of Nelson Mandela, the anti-apartheid revolutionary and first black prime minister who served South Africa from 1994 -1999. The following is the summary of A Long Walk to Freedom Class 10 and the prose section which includes Mandela’s inauguration ceremony and excerpts from his speeches which illustrate the struggles Mandela had to undergo as a freedom fighter. Let’s learn everything about a long walk to Freedom Class 10 notes.

This Blog Includes:

Nelson mandela a long walk to freedom class 10 summary, a long walk to freedom class 10 notes, a long walk to freedom class 10  ppt, nelson mandela class 10 questions and answers.

A Long Walk to Freedom Class 10 PDF

After nearly three centuries of white supremacy in South Africa, the country witnessed its first Black President, Nelson Mandela who be won the first and foremost democratic elections on May 10, 1994. Mandela’s party clocked in a historic win with 252 votes out of 400. A Long Walk to Freedom chapter in Class 10 is an extract from Nelson Mandela’s autobiography which elucidates the struggle faced by the black community in South Africa riddled with apartheid. Here is a summary of A Long Walk to Freedom:

• Mandela took his oath as the President in the Union Buildings amphitheatre in Pretoria in the presence of several prominent political figures and world leaders across the globe. He commenced his speech by addressing all the dignitaries and assured the citizens they would never experience similar suppression of one group over another.
• Nelson Mandela vowed that in the democratic country that he’d established there would never be discrimination against people, irrespective of caste, colour, creed or race and that government would treat people with due respect and equality.
• On this historic inauguration, the country’s citizens sang 2 national anthems. The white people sang ‘Nkosi Sikelel –iAfrika’ and the black people recited the iconic ‘Die Stem’ which was a stark reminder of the exploitation of the black community in South Africa.
• Deeply pained by the racist history, Nelson Mandela said that this type of discrimination of black people in their very own land was one of the harshest and most inhuman the world had ever known. He emphasised that people are not born to hate others on the basis of skin colour, background or religion and they can be taught to love because love comes naturally to human beings than hate. 

Must Read: Nelson Mandela International Day

• An important part of Mandela’s speech in A Long Walk to Freedom Class 10 extract, Mandela stated that a man has 2 obligations in his life; one towards his family and the other towards his motherland, countrymen and community and as per their own interests and inclinations, man is able to fulfil these obligations. However, as a black man in a country like South Africa, Mandela found it increasingly difficult to do so. As he became an adult, Mandela saw freedom as an illusion for his community.
• Mandela further believed that freedom was indivisible for all. Still, he saw that the black community is facing oppression and tyranny. It emulated the profound idea that the oppressor must be liberated just like the oppressed because a person who snatches another’s freedom is also a prisoner of similar oppression. Therefore the oppressor wasn’t any freer than the oppressed because they were bound by the same chains of oppression.

Must Read: Education of Nelson Mandela

Here is a rundown of this chapter to help you quickly revise A Long Walk to Freedom by Nelson Mandela:

• The chapter Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom starts with Nelson Mandela talking about how it is a beautiful day for the country since they are getting their first non-white democratically elected government. He then tells the names of the people who become deputy Presidents before he takes his oath as the president in the presence of foreign dignitaries, people of his beloved country, army officials and his daughter – Zenani.
• This beautiful grand inauguration was the first and largest gathering of international leaders in South Africa. His first speech as the president of South Africa hails this glorious moment as the victory of justice, peace and human dignity, which has been achieved with great difficulty after a very long fight against Apartheid. He concludes the speech by pledging to uplift his country’s people from poverty, deprivation, suffering, and discrimination.
• He also describes all the beautiful things that happen in the ceremony, like the show that jets, troop carriers and helicopters do with beautiful stunts and colours of the African national flag. When the defence forces and police salute and pledge loyalty to him, he is mindful of how far they have come because a few years before this day, the same officers would have arrested him instead of saluting him. The 2 national anthems playing with the whites singing the African and the Africans singing the anthem, which the state previously used, symbolized the harmony and peace he wanted to see in his country.
• Mandela seems a little overwhelmed when he takes his contemporary fighters’ names who worked and sacrificed for their country’s freedom and this day. He feels he is “the total of all the African patriots” who came before him and is saddened that he cannot personally thank them for all that they did for the country. He says he is no more virtuous or self-sacrificing than the next man, but he discovered that he could not enjoy whatever little freedom he had with the knowledge that his people were not free either.

Must Read: How Does Nelson Mandela Define the Meaning of Courage?

In Nelson Mandela’s A Long Walk to Freedom, Mandela stated his belief that his country is rich in minerals and metals, but the people of his country were the real greatest wealth for him “finer and truer than the purest diamond”. Nelson Mandela believes “No one is born hating another person because of his skin colour or background or religion.”

According to Mandela, people are born free of such prejudices. He says that the oppressor and the oppressed both needed to be liberated – the oppressor from their inhuman condition and the oppressor from their prison of hatred. Believing that men learn to hate, he says they can learn to love, which is easier because love comes easier to people than hate.

Here is the speech by Nelson Mandela that is covered in this chapter:

Also Read: The Frog and the Nightingale Summary Class 10 English

Here are some important questions and answers for A Long Walk to Freedom Class 10:

Ans. He referred to the heinous practice of apartheid as “an extraordinary human disaster”. During apartheid in South Africa, there was racial segregation which caused immense suffering to the black community. Demand for freedom or any kind of basic human right was a far-fetched dream. Mandela was himself imprisoned in the infamous “Robben Island” and beaten mercilessly. He considered becoming the 1st Black Prime Minister in South Africa a glorious achievement because South Africa was a country that would even regard black people as human beings let alone give them positions of power.

Ans. The book was published in December 1994. There is also a movie on it available on Netflix if you are interested to learn more about the book.

Ans. Mandela’s swearing-in ceremony was historic because not too long ago blacks were considered outlaws in their own motherland. Mandela was honoured to have the international leaders witness this historical moment. Not only was this a sign of international recognition of a newly born democratic South Africa, it was also the victory of peace, justice and humanity.

Ans. Growing up, freedom for Mandela meant making merry and living a blissful life. But as he grew he realized his childhood antics were wasteful from an adult perspective. As an adult freedom for him meant an honourable existence, earning one’s daily bread and fending for the family.

Ans. The story revolves around the theme of getting freedom after a very long struggle due to the courage of all the people who sacrificed so much for equality and peace in the country, much like India’s own freedom struggle. The celebration when a country gets its freedom is also shown in the story.

Ans. The moral of the story is that the oppressor and the oppressed both lose humanity. One through hatred and the other through oppression and hence both need to be liberated from these inhumane prisons. Mandela’s belief that people are born free of hatred and learn it later is also a very enlightening lesson we learn from the chapter. The people learn to hate and therefore they can also learn to love is a beautiful takeaway from the lesson.

Ans. Apartheid was the political system in South Africa due to which people were discriminated against based on their skin colour hence the native black people had almost negligible rights and freedom. The generals who would have arrested Nelson Mandela a few years ago saluted him and pledged their loyalty to him because he had been one of the key members in their fight against apartheid and now they had won the fight. Nelson was the new president and there was no difference between white and black.

Ans. On 10 th May, 1994 the first democratically elected government was established with their first non-white president as Nelson Mandela in South Africa. Hence it is a moment of glorious historical significance for the country.

Ans. According to Nelson Mandela, a man has two obligations in his life. One is towards his family and friends the other is towards his people and country.  

Ans. For Nelson Mandela, Courage doesn’t mean the lack of fear but acceptance and winning over it. He learnt the true meaning of courage from thousands of freedom fighters and people who gave countless sacrifices for their country.

Test your knowledge about A Long Walk to Freedom with this fun quiz.

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Ans. Mandela wanted freedom for himself as a student.

Ans. My country is rich in the minerals and gems that lie beneath its soil, but I have always known that its greatest wealth is its people, finer and truer than the purest diamonds.

Ans. In the chapter, the author has talked about two obligations for every man. The first obligation is towards his family, parents, his wife, and children. The second is towards his community and his country. Being a social person one has to fulfil these obligations.

This was all about the A Long Walk to Freedom Class 10 Notes. We hope you find these notes useful. Confused about the best stream after 10th? Sign up for a free session with our counsellors at Leverage Edu and we will help you select the best field as per your interests and preferences.

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• Nelson Mandela - Biographical

Nelson Mandela

Biographical.

Questions and answers on Nelson Mandela

N elson Rolihlahla Mandela was born in Transkei, South Africa on July 18, 1918. His father was Hendry Mphakanyiswa of the Tembu Tribe. Mandela himself was educated at University College of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand where he studied law. He joined the African National Congress in 1944 and was engaged in resistance against the ruling National Party’s apartheid policies after 1948. He went on trial for treason in 1956-1961 and was acquitted in 1961.

After the banning of the ANC in 1960, Nelson Mandela argued for the setting up of a military wing within the ANC. In June 1961, the ANC executive considered his proposal on the use of violent tactics and agreed that those members who wished to involve themselves in Mandela’s campaign would not be stopped from doing so by the ANC. This led to the formation of Umkhonto we Sizwe. Mandela was arrested in 1962 and sentenced to five years’ imprisonment with hard labour. In 1963, when many fellow leaders of the ANC and the Umkhonto we Sizwe were arrested, Mandela was brought to stand trial with them for plotting to overthrow the government by violence. His statement from the dock received considerable international publicity. On June 12, 1964, eight of the accused, including Mandela, were sentenced to life imprisonment. From 1964 to 1982, he was incarcerated at Robben Island Prison, off Cape Town; thereafter, he was at Pollsmoor Prison, nearby on the mainland.

During his years in prison, Nelson Mandela’s reputation grew steadily. He was widely accepted as the most significant black leader in South Africa and became a potent symbol of resistance as the anti-apartheid movement gathered strength. He consistently refused to compromise his political position to obtain his freedom.

Nelson Mandela was released on February 11, 1990. After his release, he plunged himself wholeheartedly into his life’s work, striving to attain the goals he and others had set out almost four decades earlier. In 1991, at the first national conference of the ANC held inside South Africa after the organization had been banned in 1960, Mandela was elected President of the ANC while his lifelong friend and colleague, Oliver Tambo, became the organisation’s National Chairperson.

This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and later published in the book series Les Prix Nobel/ Nobel Lectures / The Nobel Prizes . The information is sometimes updated with an addendum submitted by the Laureate.

Watch a video clip of Nelson Mandela and Frederik Willem de Klerk receiving their Nobel Peace Prize medals and diplomas during the Nobel Peace Prize Award Ceremony at the Oslo City Hall in Norway, 10 December 1993.

This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel . It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures . To cite this document, always state the source as shown above.

For more updated biographical information, see: Mandela, Nelson. Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela . Little, Brown and Co., Boston, 1994.

Nelson Mandela died on 5 December 2013.

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Nelson Mandela Summary Class 10, Video Explanation & Question Answers

Cbse class 10 english first flight book chapter 2.

Nelson Mandela   Class 10 – Here you can find the summary of  Nelson Mandela – long walk to freedom followed by explanation of the lesson along with the meanings of difficult words . All the exercises and Question Answers are given at the back of the lesson have been covered.

• Nelson Mandela Introduction
• Theme of the Lesson
• Nelson Mandela Summary
• Nelson Mandela Summary in Hindi
• Nelson Mandela Video Explanation
• Nelson Mandela Lesson Explanation
• Class 10 Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom Important Question Answers 
• Character Sketch of Class 10 English

Nelson Mandela Class 10 Chapter 2

“it always seems impossible until it’s done.”, nelson mandela long walk to freedom  .

This chapter is an extract from the autobiography of Nelson Mandela (born- 18 July, 1918), the first Black President of South Africa. Excerpts from “Long Walk to Freedom” include a description of the inauguration ceremony, citations from his speech, his journey to being a freedom fighter, the struggle, along with a tribute to other freedom fighters and countless other people who fought for their freedom.   In South Africa, a brutal practice named “apartheid” was followed. Apartheid refers to discrimination between people on the basis of their race. It was one of the most brutal societies where dark-skinned people were deprived of their basic rights. This lesson gives us an overview as to how Nelson Mandela along with others, carved their way to a society where there will be no discrimination on the basis of their colour, caste, race, age or gender.

Class 10 English Chapter 2 Theme

The struggle for independence, equality, and justice is the subject of “Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom,” a chapter in the English textbook “First Flight” for Class 10. The chapter is a section taken from Nelson Mandela’s autobiography, a politician and anti-apartheid revolutionary from South Africa.

The chapter describes Mandela’s early years and his path to becoming a politically active member of the African National Congress (ANC), which battled against South Africa’s apartheid system. Additionally, it emphasises his 27-year incarceration for his political involvement, his eventual release, and his contribution to the nation’s transformation into a multiracial democracy after his release.

Mandela’s steadfast dedication to the struggle for freedom, equality, and justice is clear throughout the chapter. Despite the personal sacrifices he must make, he is committed to bringing about change and creating a more just society for everyone in South Africa. He also stresses the value of nonviolence and peacemaking in achieving these objectives.

Nelson Mandela Summary Class 10

Given below is the Summary of Nelson Mandela long Walk to Freedom Class 10 Chapter 2

This chapter is an extract from the autobiography of Nelson Mandela (born- 18 July, 1918), the first Black President of South Africa. It begins with the description of their inaugural ceremony which took place on the 10th of May 1994 where the entire nation along with many international leaders embraced the victory of a newly and fairly elected government. It involved speeches by the President and the two Deputy Presidents followed by an impressive air show of fighter jets and helicopters. Long ago, in the first decade of the twentieth century, white supremacy introduced the system of apartheid and made life a living hell for the dark-skinned population. It gave rise to one of the most inhumane societies of the world. Many people have struggled and sacrificed for basic human rights. The author expressed his desire to thank all those freedom fighters who couldn’t live to see this autumn day. He referred to the citizens as the greatest asset of the country. It is these people he gathered his courage from. Mandela believes that courageous is not the man who is fearless, but the man who has overcome fear. He also mentioned the two responsibilities every human has and how in order to fulfil his obligation towards the society, his obligation towards his family was neglected. He became a man of people when he realised that the idea of freedom was an illusion for him and people like him. It was then he joined the African National Congress and fought for his rights till he became the first black President of the nation. According to him, the oppressor is as much a prisoner as the oppressed. As soon as the former robs the oppressed of their freedom he, himself gets robbed of his humanity. Thus, the oppressor too, is not free.

Nelson Mandela Summary in Hindi 

यह अध्याय दक्षिण अफ्रीका के पहले अश्वेत राष्ट्रपति नेल्सन मंडेला (जन्म- 18 जुलाई, 1918) की आत्मकथा का एक अंश है। यह उनके उद्घाटन समारोह के विवरण के साथ शुरू होता है जो 10 मई 1994 को हुआ था, जहां पूरे देश ने कई अंतरराष्ट्रीय नेताओं के साथ एक नई और निष्पक्ष रूप से चुनी गई सरकार की जीत को गले लगाया था। इसमें राष्ट्रपति और दो उप राष्ट्रपतियों के भाषणों के बाद लड़ाकू जेट और हेलीकॉप्टरों का एक प्रभावशाली एयर शो शामिल था।

बहुत पहले, बीसवीं शताब्दी के पहले दशक में, श्वेत वर्चस्व ने रंगभेद की व्यवस्था की शुरुआत की और जीवन को काली -चमड़ी वाली आबादी के लिए एक जीवित नरक बना दिया। इसने दुनिया के सबसे अमानवीय समाजों में से एक को जन्म दिया। कई लोगों ने बुनियादी मानवाधिकारों के लिए संघर्ष और बलिदान दिया है। लेखक ने उन सभी स्वतंत्रता सेनानियों को धन्यवाद देने की इच्छा व्यक्त की जो इस शरद दिवस को देखने के लिए जीवित नहीं रह सके। उन्होंने नागरिकों को देश की सबसे बड़ी संपत्ति बताया। इन्हीं लोगों से उसने हिम्मत जुटाई।

मंडेला का मानना ​​है कि साहसी वह व्यक्ति नहीं है जो निडर है, बल्कि वह व्यक्ति है जिसने भय पर विजय प्राप्त कर ली है। उन्होंने प्रत्येक मनुष्य की दो जिम्मेदारियों का भी उल्लेख किया और समाज के प्रति अपने दायित्व को पूरा करने के लिए अपने परिवार के प्रति अपने दायित्व की उपेक्षा कैसे की। वह लोगों का आदमी बन गया जब उसने महसूस किया कि स्वतंत्रता का विचार उसके और उसके जैसे लोगों के लिए एक भ्रम था। यह तब था जब वह अफ्रीकी राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस में शामिल हो गए और देश के पहले अश्वेत राष्ट्रपति बनने तक अपने अधिकारों के लिए लड़े। उनके अनुसार, उत्पीड़क उतना ही कैदी है जितना कि उत्पीड़ित। जैसे पूर्व पीड़ितों की स्वतंत्रता को लूटता है, वह स्वयं अपनी मानवता को भी गँवा देता है। इस प्रकार, उत्पीड़क भी स्वतंत्र नहीं है।

Nelson Mandela Class 10 Video Explanation

Nelson Mandela – Long Walk to Freedom MCQ Questions

Nelson Mandela Long Walk to Freedom Lesson Explanation

Passage: TENTH May dawned bright and clear. For the past few days I had been pleasantly besieged by dignitaries and world leaders who were coming to pay their respects before the inauguration. The inauguration would be the largest gathering ever of international leaders on South African soil. The ceremonies took place in the lovely sandstone amphitheater formed by the Union Buildings in Pretoria. For decades this had been the seat of white supremacy, and now it was the site of a rainbow gathering of different colors and nations for the installation of South Africa’s first democratic, non-racial government.

Word Meaning Dawned- (of a day) began Pleasantly – giving a sense of happy satisfaction or enjoyment; satisfying Besieged- to be surrounded by Dignitaries- a person considered to be important because of high rank or office. Sandstone – a sedimentary rock consisting of sand or quartz grains cemented together, typically red, yellow, or brown in color. Amphitheatre- an open-air theatre Supremacy – the state or condition of being superior to all others in authority, power, or status

Explanation of the above Passage: 10 th May was the day when Nelson Mandela sworn in as the first black Head of State, South Africa. It was after years of struggle that his anti-racist party came into power. Until then, the seat had always been occupied by white Presidents. That is why, the author referred to the day as “bright and clear”. It was a morning full of hope. Days before this date, many notable personalities started congratulating him for his victory. For the first time in the country’s history, so many international leaders came together for their inauguration ceremony. The ceremony took place in an open circular building made of sandstone consisting of Union buildings in Pretoria city.

Passage: On that lovely autumn day I was accompanied by my daughter Zenani. On the podium, Mr de Klerk was first sworn in as second deputy president. Then Thabo Mbeki was sworn in as first deputy president. When it was my turn, I pledged to obey and uphold the Constitution and to devote myself to the wellbeing of the Republic and its people.

Word Meaning Deputy – Second in command Sworn- given under oath; determined to stay in the role specified Pledged – committed (a person or organization) by a solemn promise.

Explanation of the above Passage: The author was accompanied by his daughter, Zenani on his big day. First, the two Vice-Presidents took an oath. Then, when his turn came, he committed to respect, protect and abide by the Constitution and to devote his entire self into the welfare of the country.

Passage: To the assembled guests and the watching world, I said: “Today, all of us do, by our presence here… confer glory and hope to newborn liberty. Out of the experience of an extraordinary human disaster that lasted too long, must be born a society of which all humanity will be proud. We, who were outlaws, not so long ago, have today been given the rare privilege to be host to the nations of the world on our own soil. We thank all of our distinguished international guests for having come to take possession with the people of our country of what is, after all, a common victory for justice, for peace, for human dignity.”

Word Meaning Assembled – (of people) gather together in one place for a common purpose Confer- grant Glory- honour Outlaws- because of its policy of apartheid, many countries had earlier broken off diplomatic relations with South Africa On our own soil – in our own country Possession – ownership Dignity – the state or quality of being worthy of respect.

Explanation of the above Passage: The author also mentions some parts of his speech where he said that everyone, by his presence was giving rise to hope for a new beginning. Previous rulers were discriminatory and lasted for long but the ones, who are given the opportunity to rule now (ANC), would stand up against discrimination. He is glad to host a ceremony with the presence of global leaders. It is an achievement in itself. There was a time when South Africa, for practicing apartheid, lost all its international political relationships. Now, when there is no segregation on the basis of race and gender, other nations are happy to have healthy democratic relationships. Finally, they have come to power and they pledge to make everyone proud. He thanked everyone, especially the international leaders for joining them in celebrating their achievement which is a step towards an equal society where every human will be treated fairly.

Passage: “ We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation. We pledge ourselves to liberate all our people from the continuing bondage of poverty, deprivation, suffering, gender and other discrimination. Never, never, and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another. The sun shall never set on so glorious a human achievement. Let freedom reign. God bless Africa!”

Word Meaning Emancipation – the fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions Liberate- free; release Bondage- the state of being a slave Discrimination- being treated differently or unfavorably Deprivation- the damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society Oppression- prolonged cruel or unjust treatment or exercise of authority. Glorious- having, worthy of, or bringing fame or admiration. Reign- rule; govern

Explanation of the above Passage: He mentions that after great struggle, they have finally achieved political freedom. His government promised to free everyone of the still existing poverty, hardship and inequalities of all kind along with assuring everyone of a country where no community will be considered inferior. He then exclaims that freedom should rule and may god shower his blessings on their land.

Passage: A few moments later we all lifted our eyes in awe as a spectacular array of South African jets, helicopters and troop carriers roared in perfect formation over the Union Buildings. It was not only a display of pinpoint precision and military force, but a demonstration of the military’s loyalty to democracy, to a new government that had been freely and fairly elected. Only moments before, the highest generals of the South African defence force and police, their chests bedecked with ribbons and medals from days gone by, saluted me and pledged their loyalty. I was not unmindful of the fact that not so many years before they would not have saluted but arrested me. Finally a chevron of Impala jets left a smoke trail of the black, red, green, blue and gold of the new South African flag.

Word Meaning Awe – amazed Spectacular- beautiful in a dramatic and an eye-catching way Array- an impressive display Troop- soldiers or armed forces Precision- accuracy Bedecked- decorate Unmindful- not conscious or aware Chevron- a pattern in the shape of a V Trail- series; chain

Explanation of the above Passage:   Just after the newly elected President’s address to the audience, an impressive arrangement of fighter jets, helicopter and soldier transporters raised everyone’s heads up in the sky. It symbolised perfection as well as military’s respect and obedience towards the free country. The high commanders, who have won medals for their bravery, also saluted and promised their loyalty. Mandela mentions that he was well aware that these commanders, who were now saluting him, would have arrested him under the previous rule as during the oppressive white supremacy, he was considered to be a criminal. The air show finally ended by making of the South African flag in the sky from smoke beneath the jets.

Passage: The day was symbolized for me by the playing of our two national anthems, and the vision of whites singing ‘Nkosi Sikelel –iAfrika’ and blacks singing ‘Die Stem’, the old anthem of the Republic. Although that day neither group knew the lyrics of the anthem they once despised, they would soon know the words by heart.

Word Meaning Symbolized – be a symbol of Lyrics- the words of a song Despised- hated, had a very low opinion of

Explanation of the above Passage: The author remembers the day as the playing of two National Anthems of the country; one of the whites and the other, that of the blacks. On that day, no one knew the wordings of the anthem of the blacks but Mandela was confident that everyone would soon learn this anthem that they once hated.

Passage : On the day of the inauguration, I was overwhelmed with a sense of history. In the first decade of the twentieth century, a few years after the bitter Anglo-Boer war and before my own birth, the white-skinned peoples of South Africa patched up their differences and erected a system of racial domination against the dark-skinned peoples of their own land. The structure they created formed the basis of one of the harshest, most inhumane, societies the world has ever known. Now, in the last decade of the twentieth century, and my own eighth decade as a man, that system had been overturned forever and replaced by one that recognized the rights and freedoms of all peoples, regardless of the colour of their skin.

Word Meaning Overwhelmed- have a strong emotional effect Erected- build; construct Racial domination- when people of one race have power over another race Inhumane -cruel, brutal Overturned – reverse.

Explanation of the above Passage: On the day of the inaugural ceremony, the author was remembering the days of past when this whole system of apartheid emerged. It resulted in inequality and inferior treatment of dark-skinned people. They were deprived of their basic fundamental rights. As a result, one of the world’s most brutal and inhumane society was born This began even before he was born. This system created an atmosphere of extreme cruelty and injustice for a particular part of the community. Now when he is in his eighth decade as a man, he along with countless others, have changed this entire system that treats humans as humans irrespective of their colour, caste, gender, or age.

Passage: That day had come about through the unimaginable sacrifices of thousands of my people, people whose suffering and courage can never be counted or repaid. I felt that day, as I have on so many other days, that I was simply the sum of all those African patriots who had gone before me. That long and noble line ended and now began again with me. I was pained that I was not able to thank them and that they were not able to see what their sacrifices had wrought.

Word Meaning Unimaginable- difficult or impossible to imagine Patriots- a person who vigorously supports their country and is prepared to defend it against enemies

Explanation of the above Passage: This equal and free country was a result of sacrifices of countless other men and women who have fought all their lives for this day. The author wishes if he could thank them all but unfortunately, they didn’t live to see the result of their courage. Nelson Mandela gathered his courage and power from all these people and thus, wishes to make them proud.

Passage: The policy of apartheid created a deep and lasting wound in my country and my people. All of us will spend many years, if not generations, recovering from that profound hurt. But the decades of oppression and brutality had another, unintended, effect, and that was that it produced the Oliver Tambos, the Walter Sisulus, the Chief Luthulis, the Yusuf Dadoos, the Bram Fischers, the Robert Sobukwes of our time* — men of such extraordinary courage, wisdom and generosity that their like may never be known again. Perhaps it requires such depths of oppression to create such heights of character. My country is rich in the minerals and gems that lie beneath its soil, but I have always known that its greatest wealth is its people, finer and truer than the purest diamonds.

Word Meaning Apartheid – a policy or system of segregation on grounds of race Profound – very great or intense Unintended – not planned or meant

Explanation of the above Passage: The oppression policy scarred many people and it will take a long time for them to move on. The author mentions that this hard time had its negative impacts but it also exposed a lot of strong and courageous men who stood up and raised their voice. Thus, it required that level of unjust treatment to produce such great heroes. South Africa, he says, is rich in minerals and gems but its greatest strength lies in its people.

Passage: It is from these comrades in the struggle that I learned the meaning of courage. Time and again, I have seen men and women risk and give their lives for an idea. I have seen men stand up to attacks and torture without breaking, showing a strength and resilience that defies the imagination. I learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear.

Word Meaning Comrades – a colleague or a fellow member of an organization Resilience- the ability to deal with any kind of hardship and recover from its effects Defies- refuse to obey Triumph – great victory or achievement

Explanation of the above Passage: Nelson Mandela gained his strength to stand against the wrong from all the great nationalists he mentioned above, who have even risked their lives for freedom and tolerated ill-treatment, but never stopped fighting. He learned that “courage” didn’t mean the absence of fear, but the ability to overcome fear. The man who overcomes his fear is called brave.

Passage: No one is born hating another person because of the colour of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite. Even in the grimmest times in prison, when my comrades and I were pushed to our limits, I would see a glimmer of humanity in one of the guards, perhaps just for a second, but it was enough to reassure me and keep me going. Man’s goodness is a flame that can be hidden but never extinguished.

Word Meaning Grimmest- very serious or gloomy Glimmer- shine faintly with a wavering light Pushed to our limits- pushed to the last point in our ability to bear pain Reassure- say or do something to remove the doubts

Explanation of the above Passage: One is taught by its society to hate humans because of their skin, colour, age, gender and religion. No one is inborn with hatred. The author’s idea is that if people can be taught hatred, they can also be taught love and brotherhood. In their most testing times in prison when they were being treated brutally, Mandela would see a pinch of humanity and kindness in one of the guards and that was enough to keep him going. He believes that goodness in human beings can be suppressed but never eliminated.

Passage: In life, every man has twin obligations — obligations to his family, to his parents, to his wife and children; and he has an obligation to his people, his community, his country. In a civil and humane society, each man is able to fulfil those obligations according to his own inclinations and abilities. But in a country like South Africa, it was almost impossible for a man of my birth and colour to fulfil both of those obligations. In South Africa, a man of colour who attempted to live as a human being was punished and isolated. In South Africa, a man who tried to fulfil his duty to his people was inevitably ripped from his family and his home and was forced to live a life apart, a twilight existence of secrecy and rebellion. I did not in the beginning choose to place my people above my family, but in attempting to serve my people, I found that I was prevented from fulfilling my obligations as a son, a brother, a father and a husband.

Word Meaning Obligations- a duty or a commitment Civil – courteous and polite Inclination – natural tendencies of behavior Inevitably- unavoidably Twilight- half-light, semi-darkness Secrecy- the action of keeping something secret Rebellion- the action or process of resisting authority, convention or control

Explanation of the above Passage: According to the author, every human being has its responsibility towards the family and as well as the society. Generally, under normal circumstances, a person can maintain the balance between the two but in countries like South Africa, it was never so easy. When a person of colour would come up for his society, he would be arrested and taken away from his family, thus keeping them from fulfilling both responsibilities. In the beginning, Mandela did not put his people over his family, but it was only later when he realised that in order to be there for his people, he was compromising his duties towards his own family.

Passage: I was not born with a hunger to be free. I was born free — free in every way that I could know. Free to run in the fields near my mother’s hut, free to swim in the clear stream that ran through my village, free to roast mealies under the stars and ride the broad backs of slow-moving bulls. As long as I obeyed my father and abided by the customs of my tribe, I was not troubled by the laws of man or God. It was only when I began to learn that my boyhood freedom was an illusion, when I discovered as a young man that my freedom had already been taken from me, that I began to hunger for it. At first, as a student, I wanted freedom only for myself, the transitory freedoms of being able to stay out at night, read what I pleased and go where I chose. Later, as a young man in Johannesburg, I yearned for the basic and honorable freedoms of achieving my potential, of earning my keep, of marrying and having a family — the freedom not to be obstructed in a lawful life.

Word Meaning Stream – a small, narrow river Mealies- a maize plant Abided- obeyed Boyhood- the state or time of being a boy Illusion – a false idea or belief Transitory- not permanent Yearned- have an intense feeling or longing for something

Explanation of the above Passage: The author did not have the plan to stand against the apartheid system early in life. He lived his childhood like any normal child in South Africa. He only had to follow the rules set up by his father or the customs of his tribe. As soon as he grew up and began to learn the facts as to how people of colour are treated, he decided to stand against it. He had this urge for freedom from inside, earlier just for himself (staying out at night, etc.) and later for having a basic life not just for himself, but for everyone. In Johannesburg, they had to struggle for having a peaceful marriage, family and basic amenities which everyone has access to where law and order exists.

Passage: But then I slowly saw that not only was I not free, but my brothers and sisters were not free. I saw that it was not just my freedom that was curtailed, but the freedom of everyone who looked like I did. That is when I joined the African National Congress, and that is when the hunger for my own freedom became the greater hunger for the freedom of my people. It was this desire for the freedom of my people to live their lives with dignity and selfrespect that animated my life, that transformed a frightened young man into a bold one, that drove a law-abiding attorney to become a criminal, that turned a family-loving husband into a man without a home, that forced a life-loving man to live like a monk. I am no more virtuous or self-sacrificing than the next man, but I found that I could not even enjoy the poor and limited freedoms I was allowed when I knew my people were not free. Freedom is indivisible; the chains on anyone of my people were the chains on all of them, the chains on all of my people were the chains on me.

Word Meaning Curtailed – reduce; impose a restriction on Dignity – the state or quality of being worthy of honour or respect Frightened- afraid or anxious Monk- a member of a religious community of men typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience Virtuous – having or showing high moral standards Indivisible- unable to be divided or separated

Explanation of the above Passage: Nelson Mandela joined the African National Congress (ANC) when he realized it is not only him whose basic rights were snatched away but of all those who looked like him. He had this fire inside him to free his people from the injustice. It was this fire that changed the author completely as a man, from being scared to brave, a lawyer to the one breaking the law, a family-man to a man without a home and a lively man into being a monk. It was the knowledge that he and his people have restricted freedom that made him into a selfless man as opposed to before. According to him, freedom cannot be divided. Snatching it away from some was equivalent to taking it away from everyone and that meant taking it away from the author.

Passage: I knew that the oppressor must be liberated just as surely as the oppressed. A man who takes away another man’s freedom is a prisoner of hatred; he is locked behind the bars of prejudice and narrow-mindedness. I am not truly free if I am taking away someone else’s freedom, just as surely as I am not free when my freedom is taken from me. The oppressed and the oppressor alike are robbed of their humanity.

Word Meaning Prejudice- a strong dislike without any good reason

Explanation of the above Passage: He mentions that the need to free the oppressor is as high as that of the oppressed because the oppressor is bounded by the shackles of hatred. He has the weight of all the people who he has tormented, for he carries the curses of all of their families. For taking away someone else’s freedom and making them a prisoner, he becomes a prisoner of business. Thus, he is robbed of his humanity and need to be freed.

Nelson Mandela Long Walk to Freedom Question Answers   (As per latest pattern)

Nelson Mandela Class 10 NCERT Solutions

1. Where did the ceremonies take place? Can you name any public buildings in India that are made of sandstone?

A. The ceremonies took place in an amphitheatre which was formed by Union Buildings in Pretoria. In India, we have many public buildings made of sandstone, some of which are Rashtrapati Bhavan, Red Fort and the Supreme Court of India in New Delhi.

2. Can you say how 10 May is an ‘autumn day’ in South Africa?

A. Since South Africa lies in the Southern Hemisphere, we can say that May falls in the autumn season .

3. At the beginning of his speech, Mandela mentions “an extraordinary human disaster”. What does he mean by this? What is the “glorious … human achievement” he speaks of at the end?

A. By “an extraordinary human disaster”, Mandela is referring to the apartheid system that was prevalent in South Africa under the previous leadership. People of colour were treated unfairly and no human being deserves that. He stood against the unjust practices and finally won the democratic elections to become the first black President of South Africa. He refers to this win as “glorious human achievement”.

4. What does Mandela thank the international leaders for?

A. The author thanked the international leaders for joining and supporting them in their victory of freedom, justice and human dignity. Earlier, many nations had cut ties with South Africa because of their practice of apartheid.

5. What ideals does he set out for the future of South Africa?

A. As the newly elected President of South Africa, Nelson Mandela wanted to liberate the country of all the unjust practices. He set out ideals for a country which was free of poverty, discrimination and injustice.

6. What do the military generals do? How has their attitude changed, and why?

A. The military generals saluted Nelson Mandela and promised their support to the newly formed democratic government of South Africa. Their attitude has changed because earlier they were under the ruke of the white supremacy. During that rule, they would have arrested Mandela as he was considered to be a criminal. Now, with the abolition of Apartheid and the formation of a democratic government, their attitude has also changed.

7. Why were two national anthems sung?

A. The two national anthems, one of the Blacks and other of the Whites were sung symbolising equality and respect for the entire community irrespective of their colour.

8. How does Mandela describe the systems of government in his country

(i) In the first decade, and (ii) In the final decade, of the twentieth century?

A. (i) In the first decade of the twentieth century, white supremacy created a system of racial domination and made life a living hell for the dark-skinned people. Mandela referred it as one of the “harshest, inhumane societies” of the world. (ii) In the final decade of the twentieth century, the system of apartheid has been changed into one that recognises all humans as equal regardless of their colour, race or gender.

9. What does courage mean to Mandela?

A. To Mandela, “courage” does not mean the absence of fear, but the victory over it. A man who is courageous is the one who has overcome his fear to fight all the odds.

10. Which does he think is natural, to love or to hate?

A. He believes love comes more naturally to humans as opposed to hate. No one is born with hatred in his heart for another.

11. What “twin obligations” does Mandela mention?

A. According to Mandela, every person has “twin obligations”, one towards his family and the other, towards his society.

12. What did being free mean to Mandela as a boy, and as a student? How does he contrast these “transitory freedoms” with “the basic and honourable freedoms”?

A. As a young boy, and a student, Mandela’s idea of freedom was to be able to stay out at night, read whatever he desired and go wherever he chose. On growing up as a man, he realised that these were “transitory freedoms” he was looking for because their “basic and honorable freedoms” had been taken away. There was no liberty to have a peaceful marriage, family and life. Dark-skinned people were deprived of their fundamental human rights. For them, freedom was an “illusion”.

13. Does Mandela think the oppressor is free? Why/Why not?

A. According to Mandela, the oppressor is as much a prisoner as the oppressed. As soon as the former robs the oppressed of their freedom he, himself gets robbed of his humanity. Thus, he thinks that the oppressor too, is not free.

14. Why did such a large number of international leaders attend the inauguration? What did it signify the triumph of?

A. At the inauguration ceremony, there were a large number of international leaders to celebrate the end of apartheid system and to display their support for South Africa. It signified the triumph of justice over prejudice, courage over fear and right over wrong.

15. What does Mandela mean when he says he is “simply the sum of all those African patriots” who had gone before him?

A. Mandela wanted to thank the generations before him who had fought for justice. He gathered his courage from these brave heroes and it is because of that, he fought fearlessly for what is right. Thus, he referred to himself as “simply the sum of all those African patriots” that had gone before him.

16. Would you agree that the “depths of oppression” create “heights of character”? How does Mandela illustrate this? Can you add your own examples to this argument?

A. Yes, I agree that “depths of oppression” create “heights of character”. Mandela illustrated this idea by the example of all those who had emerged as great freedom fighters after years of oppression and brutality. Though unintended, effect of all this was men with extraordinary courage and strength. One of the greatest examples is of our own country, where our people were exploited under British rule for about 200 years. As a result of the oppression of such magnitude, India got freedom fighters like Bhagat Singh and Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru.

17. How did Mandela’s understanding of freedom change with age and experience?

A. As a young boy, and a student, Mandela’s idea of freedom was to be able to stay out at night, read whatever he desired and go wherever he chose. On growing up as a man, he realised that these were “transitory freedoms” he was looking for because their “basic and honourable freedoms” had been taken away. There was no liberty to have a peaceful marriage, family and life. Dark-skinned people were deprived of their fundamental human rights. For them, freedom was an “illusion”.

18. How did Mandela’s ‘hunger for freedom’ change his life?

A. Once Mandela realized his hunger for freedom, his life changed forever. It transformed him from a family-man to a man of his people and a frightened young man into a bold one. He built his entire life around fighting for the basic fundamental rights for his community.  He was more selfless and virtuous than ever.

Nelson Mandela Long Walk to Freedom Grammar Exercises

Make a list of pairs of noun and verb.

Read the paragraph below. Fill in the blanks with the noun forms of the verbs in brackets.

Martin Luther King’s __________ (contribute) to our history as an outstanding leader began when he came to the __________ (assist) of Rosa Parks, a seamstress who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. In those days American Blacks were confined to positions of second class citizenship by restrictive laws and customs. To break these laws would mean __________ (subjugate) and __________ (humiliate) by the police and the legal system. Beatings, __________ (imprison) and sometimes death awaited those who defied the System. Martin Luther King’s tactics of protest involved non-violent __________ (resist) to racial injustice.

Martin Luther King’s contribution (contribute) to our history as an outstanding leader began when he came to the assistance (assist) of Rosa Parks, a seamstress who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. In those days American Blacks were confined to positions of second class citizenship by restrictive laws and customs. To break these laws would mean subjugation (subjugate) and humiliation (humiliate) by the police and the legal system. Beatings, imprisonment (imprison) and sometimes death awaited those who defied the System. Martin Luther King’s tactics of protest involved non-violent resistance (resist) to racial injustice.

Here are some more examples of ‘the’ used with proper names. Try to say what these sentences mean. (You may consult a dictionary if you wish. Look at the entry for ‘the’.)

1. Mr Singh regularly invites the Amitabh Bachchans and the Shah Rukh Khans to his parties. 2. Many people think that Madhuri Dixit is the Madhubala of our times. 3. History is not only the story of the Alexanders, the Napoleons and the Hitlers, but of ordinary people as well.

• This means that Mr. Singh regularly invites famous personalities like Amitabh Bachchan and Shah Rukh Khan to his parties.
• This means Madhuri Dixit is such a great actress that she is worthy of being called the legendary actress Madhubala of present times.
• This means that History not only consists of famous people like Alexanders, Napoleons and Hitler, but also of ordinary people.

Match the italicised phrases in Column A with the phrase nearest in meaning in Column B. (Hint: First look for the sentence in the text in which the phrase in Column A occurs.)

Nelson Mandela Class 10 Questions and Answers

Nelson Mandela Long Walk to Freedom Extra Extract based Questions. As of now there is no Nelson Mandela Class 10 Pdf

1.A few moments later we all lifted our eyes in awe as a spectacular array of South African jets, helicopters and troop carriers roared in perfect formation over the Union Buildings. It was not only a display of pinpoint precision and military force, but a demonstration of the military’s loyalty to democracy, to a new government that had been freely and fairly elected. Only moments before, the highest generals of the South African defence force and police, their chests bedecked with ribbons and medals from days gone by, saluted me and pledged their loyalty. I was not unmindful of the fact that not so many years before they would not have saluted but arrested me. Finally a chevron of Impala jets left a smoke trail of the black, red, green, blue and gold of the new South African flag.

i) Choose a word from the extract which is a synonym of “accurate” Pinpoint / precision

ii) Choose a word from the extract which is a synonym of “decorated” Bedecked

iii) Which of the following images best represents “chevron”?

iv) Why did the Impala jets leave a smoke trail of black, red, green, blue and gold colours?

A.They left a smoke of these colours because these are the colours of the South African flag.

2. The day was symbolised for me by the playing of our two national anthems, and the vision of whites singing ‘Nkosi Sikelel –iAfrika’ and blacks singing ‘Die Stem’, the old anthem of the Republic. Although that day neither group knew the lyrics of the anthem they once despised, they would soon know the words by heart.

i) Which of the following statement can be inferred from the extract – a.‘Nkosi Sikelel –iAfrika’ was the anthem of the blacks b.‘Die Stem’ was the old anthem established by the whites c.Both a and b d.None of these A. c

ii) Why does Mandela say that the two groups did not know the lyrics of the anthem they once despised but they would soon know the words by heart? A.Earlier, the blacks and whites were enemies, so, they despised the anthem of the other. However, that day, the first democratic government was formad and apartheid was abolished. So, now they would know the anthems of the other race and would gradually learn the words by heart.

3.That day had come about through the unimaginable sacrifices of thousands of my people, people whose suffering and courage can never be counted or repaid. I felt that day, as I have on so many other days, that I was simply the sum of all those African patriots who had gone before me. That long and noble line ended and now began again with me. I was pained that I was not able to thank them and that they were not able to see what their sacrifices had wrought.

i) Choose a word from the extract which is a synonym of “done” A. wrought

4.The policy of apartheid created a deep and lasting wound in my country and my people. All of us will spend many years, if not generations, recovering from that profound hurt. But the decades of oppression and brutality had another, unintended, effect, and that was that it produced the Oliver Tambos, the Walter Sisulus, the Chief Luthulis, the Yusuf Dadoos, the Bram Fischers, the Robert Sobukwes of our time* — men of such extraordinary courage, wisdom and generosity that their like may never be known again. Perhaps it requires such depths of oppression to create such heights of character. My country is rich in the minerals and gems that lie beneath its soil, but I have always known that its greatest wealth is its people, finer and truer than the purest diamonds.

i) The policy of apartheid created a deep and lasting wound in my country and my people. The wound was due to _______ a.Gunshot b.cut with knife c.They were hurt emotionally d.injury in accident A. c

5.It was only when I began to learn that my boyhood freedom was an illusion, when I discovered as a young man that my freedom had already been taken from me, that I began to hunger for it. At first, as a student, I wanted freedom only for myself, the transitory freedoms of being able to stay out at night, read what I pleased and go where I chose. Later, as a young man in Johannesburg, I yearned for the basic and honourable freedoms of achieving my potential, of earning my keep, of marrying and having a family — the freedom not to be obstructed in a lawful life.

i) The sentence – “It was only when I began to learn that my boyhood freedom was an illusion, when I discovered as a young man that my freedom had already been taken from me, that I began to hunger for it.” implies that- a.he was hungry for food b.he was desperate for freedom c.he wanted to be a boy d.he was disillusioned A.b

ii) Choose a word from the extract which is a synonym of “longed” A.Yearned

6.I knew that the oppressor must be liberated just as surely as the oppressed. A man who takes away another man’s freedom is a prisoner of hatred; he is locked behind the bars of prejudice and narrowmindedness. I am not truly free if I am taking away someone else’s freedom, just as surely as I am not free when my freedom is taken from me.

i) The statement – I am not truly free if I am taking away someone else’s freedom; implies that a.In Apartheid, the whites were also not free b.In Apartheid, the blacks were also not free c.Mandela was also practicing apartheid d.None of these A.a

ii) Choose a word from the extract which is a synonym of “freed” A.Liberated

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• NCERT Notes for Class 10 English Chapter 2 Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom

Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom Class 10 Summary, Notes, Question and Answers, PDF

Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom Class 10 : An autobiography issued on Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela , is the only prose in Chapter 2 of the First Flight English textbook for Class 10 students. He served as the nation’s first black president from 1994 to 1999 and was a revolutionary against Apartheid, and a political figure. Since it is an autobiography, the author of Long Walk to Freedom is Nelson Mandela himself. You may get a synopsis of the prose in the style of CBSE Notes right here. In addition, students can read the prose description of a passage from the book “A Long Walk to Freedom.” It features a drawing of Nelson Mandela’s inauguration ceremony and quotes from his speech on his battles as a freedom fighter.

Table of Contents

Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom Class 10 Summary

The struggle of South Africa’s black population for liberation is described in Nelson Mandela’s narrative. On May 10, 1994, he took the oath of office as the president of South Africa, overturning more than three centuries of white rule. His party had received 252 votes throughout South Africa’s history.

The event, held at Pretoria’s theater, was attended by many politicians from other nations. He spoke to them with the utmost respect and promised them that racism and prejudice would have no place in the new South Africa. Together, they will all lead to growth. He promised to construct a democratic government and to treat everyone equally and with respect.

The day served as his metaphor as the populace chanted “ Die stem ” and “ Nkosi Sikelel-i-Afrika ,” two national anthems. He was reminded of his suffering due to this tyranny and repression by the events that were taking place. He believed that it was unacceptable for anybody to accept hate of others based on their ethnicity, religion, or other traits.

Great liberation warriors like Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu, Chief Luthuli, and others were consequences of the apartheid policy. The nation had a wealth of resources, but its most significant resource was its people.

It was through risk-taking, suffering torment, and learning that courage was not the absence of fear but the triumph over it. When pressed against the prison walls, a man’s inherent goodness allows him to detect compassion and love, and he can also detect the excellent nature of the guards.

He believed that if someone could be taught to hate, they could undoubtedly be taught to love. He listed every man’s two primary obligations: to his family and his nation and community. After he said that Apartheid prevented black people from carrying out their tasks, When Mandela reached her tender age, he understood that the black people would have become enslaved under the white people’s dominion if they had not raised their voices against tyranny.

Black people were subject to the tyranny of white supremacy. He said the oppressor is also imprisoned and robs the victim of their freedom. Their humanity is denied to them both.

Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom Class 10 Notes

Nelson mandela: long walk to freedom class 10 introduction.

Former South African President Nelson Mandela’s autobiography is titled Long Walk to Freedom. An overview of Nelson Mandela’s long journey to liberation is contained in this article. The text in this chapter is taken from the book “Long Walk to Freedom.” It includes details about the swearing-in event, quotes from his speech, and information about his development as a freedom warrior. In addition, it speaks to the numerous other individuals who battled for their freedom. At that time, the oppressive practice known as “apartheid” was common in South Africa. It referred to prejudice towards people based on their ethnicity and skin tone. Dark-skinned individuals were denied their fundamental rights in one of the cruelest societies. This lesson summarizes Mandela’s initiatives to establish a society devoid of discrimination based on racial, ethnic, or gender preferences.

Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom Class 10 Explanation (Story )

To help you provide a brief review of Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom Class 10, below is an explanation :

Nelson Mandela remarks that it is an excellent day for the nation as they receive their first non-white democratically elected president at the beginning of the chapter Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom. Then, before taking the oath of office as president in front of international dignitaries, citizens of his beloved nation, army authorities, and his daughter Zenani, he announces the names of the individuals who would serve as vice presidents.

This lovely ceremonial inauguration was the first significant meeting of world leaders in South Africa. In his first address as president of South Africa, he welcomes this momentous occasion as the triumph of justice, peace, and human dignity, attained after a protracted battle against Apartheid. He promises to free the people of his nation from prejudice, poverty, and other hardships as he makes his closing remarks.

He also highlights all the beautiful events that occur during the celebration, such as the spectacular acrobatics that helicopters, troop carriers, and aircraft do while flying in the African flag colors. A few years ago, the same police officers would have arrested him instead of saluting him, so he is conscious of how far they have come when the defense forces and police salute and swear loyalty to him. The two national songs, which represented the harmony and peace he wished to see in his nation, played with white people singing the African anthem and black people singing the anthem that the state had previously used.

When he lists the names of the modern-day fighters who worked and gave their lives for their nation’s independence, Mandela appears a bit overawed. He regrets that he cannot personally thank the “total of all the African patriots.” They came before him since he believes he is “the total of all the African patriots” and appreciates everything they accomplished for the nation. He claims he is no more moral or selfless than the average guy, but he learned that he could not enjoy the little freedom he had while also knowing that his people were not free.

The Long Walk to Freedom is the autobiography of Nelson Mandela, where he mentions that although his nation is wealthy in minerals and metals, he considered its people “finer and truer than the finest diamond” and the genuine source of its most excellent richness. According to Nelson Mandela, no one is born hating another person because of their skin color, family origin, or religion.

Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom Class 10 Author

One of the former presidents of South Africa, and A Long Walk to Freedom author is Nelson Mandela. The book was initially released in 1994 by Little Brown & Co. and was ghostwritten by Richard Stengel.

Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom Class 10 Question and Answers

Q1. where did the ceremonies take place can you name any public buildings in india that are made of sandstone.

Answer: Dignitaries and international leaders from many countries attended the celebrations, which were held in the beautiful sandstone amphitheater created by Pretoria’s Union Buildings. Rashtrapati Bhavan and Red Fort are two prominent structures in India composed of red sandstone.

Q2. Can you say how May 10 is an ‘autumn day’ in South Africa?

Answer: Autumn often marks the start of the harvest, linked to wealth and prosperity. Because the first democratic, non-racial government of South Africa was installed on this auspicious day in front of the most extraordinary assemblage of world leaders ever on South African territory, May 10 is known as “autumn day” in that country.

Q3. At the beginning of his speech, Mandela mentions “an extraordinary human disaster.” What does he mean by this? What is the “glorious … human achievement” he speaks of at the end?

Answer: The practice of Apartheid in South Africa was what Mandela meant to convey in his address, “an extraordinary human disaster.” People were divided based on their skin color under this practice, and Black people suffered the most due to discrimination from the other races. As a result, they were unable to exercise their right to freedom. Mandela spent 18 years in prison on the infamous “Robben Island,” where the guards tortured him. Nevertheless, he saw being the first Black president of South Africa, a country where Black people were denied access to necessities, endured various forms of discrimination, and received poor treatment, as a “great glorious human achievement.”

Q4. What does Mandela thank the international leaders for?

Answer : Mandela was incredibly honored to invite dignitaries and world leaders to the swearing-in event since, not so long ago, South Africans were regarded as outlaws. Therefore, he thanked everyone for traveling great distances to witness the historic swearing-in of South Africa’s first Black president.

This development might be seen as a shared triumph for righteousness, peace, and human dignity.

Q5. What ideals does he set out for the future of South Africa?

Answer: South Africans should be freed from the ongoing shackles of poverty, hardship, suffering, and discrimination based on gender and other factors, according to Mandela’s ideas. He wished for the nation’s citizens to be free from slavery and discrimination.

Q6. What do the military generals do? How has their attitude changed, and why?

Answer: The highest police and military officials in South Africa praised Mandela and vowed to support him. This was important because they would have arrested and imprisoned him throughout the Apartheid era if they hadn’t. Due to the difficulties and sacrifices of numerous South African heroes, their attitude toward Blacks altered. This struggle for independence brought about a significant shift in the thinking of many people and was not merely a fight against Apartheid. Mandela thought that people are innately more disposed to love than hatred and that love is something that can be taught.

Q7. Why were two national anthems sung?

Answer : Two national anthems were played during the ceremonious inauguration ceremony: the Whites sang “ Nkosi Sikelel -iAfrika ” while the Blacks sang “ Die Stem ,” the last hymn of the Republic. Both anthems represented the equality of rights among Whites and Blacks.

Q8. How does Mandela describe the systems of government in his country –

• in the first decade, and
• in the final decade of the twentieth century?

Answer: The white South Africans put aside their differences in the first decade of the 20th century and established a system of racial dominance over the dark-skinned inhabitants of their own country.

The former form of government was permanently overthrown and replaced with one that recognized the rights and liberties of all people, regardless of the color of their skin, in the final decade of the 20th century.

Q9. What does courage mean to Mandela?

Answer:   According to Mandela, courage wasn’t the lack of fear but rather the ability to overcome it. A brave man does not feel any fear but one who faces and overcomes it.

Q10. Which does he think is natural, to love or to hate?

Answer: According to Mandela, the human heart is more naturally inclined toward love than hatred.

Q11. What “twin obligations” does Mandela mention?

Answer: Every man, according to Mandela, has two commitments in life: his obligations to his family, which include his wife, parents, and children, and (ii) his responsibility to his people, community, and nation.

Q12. What did being free mean to Mandela as a boy and student? How does he contrast these “transitory freedoms” with “the basic and honorable freedoms”?

Answer: Like any young child, Mandela believed freedom meant living a joyous, carefree existence during his formative years. However, as young person reaches adulthood, their youthful pranks appear fleeting since, in the eyes of an adult, they are all pointless. When people reach adulthood, they learn how to support themselves and make food. He recognizes the fundamental and honorable freedom in his family and the community in which he lives in such a situation.

Q13. Does Mandela think the oppressor is free? Why/Why not?

Answer : According to Long Walk of Freedom by Mandela, an oppressor is like a sufferer of hatred imprisoned by prejudice and narrow-mindedness. Therefore he does not believe that the oppressor is free. On the contrary, he believes that the humanity and peace of mind of both the oppressor and the oppressed are stolen.

Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom Class 10 | Nelson Mandela books

Some other books written by Nelson Mandela include:

• Conversations with Myself
• Notes to the Future
• Nelson Mandela In His Own Words
• The Prison Letters of Nelson Mandela
• No Easy Walk to Freedom
• The Struggle is My Life

Conclusion | Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom Class 10

The brave man is not the person who feels no fear; instead, he is the one who faces fear head-on and overcomes it. According to Mandela, every man has obligations to his nation and community.

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Introduction: Nelson Mandela - Long Walk to Freedom | English Class 10 PDF Download

About the Author-  Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela   – a Short Biography

Theme of the Story  

The lesson pays tribute to those black heroes and patriots who waged a relentless struggle against the apartheid or the racist regime of South Africa. Here we find a description of the inauguration ceremony held in the Union Buildings attended by politicians and dignitaries from more than 140 countries. Nelson Mandela gives a message of peace and unity of mankind. He foresees a new regime which will be based on the equality of men and women. He hopes that in the new regime there will be no exploitation of man by man. There will be no room for racialism and segregation in the new order.

Word-Meaning

Dawned — (here) presented itself, began,  Pleasantly— in a pleasant way,  Besieged — (here) surrounded closely by,  Dignitaries— persons of high ranks, high officials  their respect— express their honour/respect,  Inauguration — (here) opening ceremony ,

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English Project On Nelson Mandela For Class 10th

Table of Contents

Nelson Mandela: A Beacon of Hope and Resilience

Why should you know about Nelson Mandela? Because he’s not just a historical figure; he’s a symbol of resistance, hope, and the indomitable human spirit. From his early life to his years in prison and his role in ending apartheid, Mandela’s story is a masterclass in resilience.

• Name : Nelson Mandela
• Father’s Name : Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa
• Mother’s Name : Nosekeni Fanny
• Born : July 18, 1918
• Death : December 5, 2013
• Death Age : 95
• Education : University of Fort Hare, University of Witwatersrand
• Political Party : African National Congress (ANC)
• Presidency : May 10, 1994 – June 14, 1999
• Awards : Nobel Peace Prize, among others

Born on July 18, 1918, in Umtata, South Africa, Nelson Mandela was destined for greatness, and not the kind that comes from privilege. He was born into the Thembu royal family but chose a path that would be far removed from regal comfort. Why? Because Mandela saw the shackles that bound his people and decided he would be the one to break them. His father, Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa, was a local chief and counselor to the monarch. His mother, Nosekeni Fanny, was the third of his father’s four wives. Together, they raised Mandela in a culture rich with moral and political teachings.

Education and Activism

Mandela wasn’t just a man with a mission; he was a man with the education to back that mission. He attended the University of Fort Hare and later the University of Witwatersrand, before working as a lawyer. He joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1943. His education wasn’t just academic; it was a lesson in understanding the roots of oppression. He was expelled from Fort Hare for participating in a student protest, an early indicator of his activist spirit. Later, he moved to Johannesburg, where he completed his studies and joined a law firm.

The Struggle Against Apartheid

Mandela knew that the fight against apartheid was a fight for the soul of his nation. He was arrested and imprisoned multiple times for his activism. But it was his conviction in 1962 that led to a 27-year-long prison sentence. He used this time to earn an LLB degree and engage in secret communications with exiled ANC leaders. He was initially imprisoned in Robben Island and later moved to Pollsmoor Prison and then to Victor Verster Prison. During this time, the “Free Nelson Mandela” campaign gained international traction.

The Turning Point: 1990

In 1990, a seismic shift occurred. F.W. de Klerk, who had replaced P.W. Botha as South Africa’s president, announced Mandela’s unconditional release. Why is this significant? Because it set the stage for the end of apartheid and the beginning of a new chapter in South Africa’s history. Mandela’s release was broadcast live across the world, and he was greeted by a massive crowd upon his release.

The End of Apartheid and Political Ascendancy

Mandela was released from Victor Verster Prison on February 11, 1990. He didn’t just walk out as a free man; he walked out as a symbol of hope for millions. He engaged in preliminary negotiations with the government, leading to the end of apartheid. Mandela was elected ANC President in 1991, setting the stage for the multiracial general elections in 1994. He also led the ANC in the negotiations that led to the transition to multi-racial democracy.

The Nobel Peace Prize and Presidency

In 1993, Mandela and de Klerk were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The following year, Mandela became South Africa’s first Black president. But his presidency wasn’t just historic; it was transformative. He focused on reconciliation between the country’s racial groups and oversaw the establishment of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission. His government introduced various social and economic programs aimed at improving the living standards of South Africa’s Black population.

Legacy and Death

Nelson Mandela passed away on December 5, 2013, but his legacy is immortal. Streets are named after him, statues are erected in his honor, and his autobiography, “Long Walk to Freedom,” is considered essential reading for anyone who believes in human rights. He left behind a nation that was fundamentally transformed and a world that was deeply inspired.

Nelson Mandela’s life is a testament to the power of resilience, the importance of equality, and the enduring spirit of one man who could inspire millions. He didn’t just change South Africa; he changed the world.

Certificate of Completion

This is to certify that I, [Student’s Name], a [Class/Grade Level] student, have successfully completed the project on “Nelson Mandela For Class 10th.” The project explores the fundamental principles and key aspects of the chosen topic, providing a comprehensive understanding of its significance and implications.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Chapter 2 Nelson Mandela : Long Walk to Freedom

October 1, 2019 by Bhagya

Oral Comprehension Check Page 18,19

Question 1. Where did the ceremonies take place ? Can you name any public buildings in India that are made of sandstones? Answer: The ceremonies took place in the campus of the Union Building of Pretoria, which were attended by dignitaries and leaders of many nations. In India; Rashtrapati Bhavan and Red Fort are buildings made of red sandstone.

Question 2. Can you say how 10th May is an ‘autumn day’ in South Africa? Answer: As South Africa is in the Southern Hemisphere, may falls in the autumn season. Thus 10th May is an ‘autumn day’.

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Question 3. At the beginning of his speech, Mandela mentions “an extraordinary human disaster”. What does he mean by this? What is the “glorious human achievement” he speaks of at the end? Answer: By ‘an extraordinary human disaster’ Mandela means to state the practice of apartheid in South Africa. During this there was a racial segregation based on colour and the blacks suffered a lot. They were not allowed to demand freedom or any right. Mandela himself did spend many years on infamous ‘Robben Island’ as a prisoner where he was beaten mercilessly. He considered it as great glorious human achievement that a black person became the President of a country where the blacks were not even considered human beings and were treated badly.

Question 4. What does Mandela thank the international leaders for ? Answer: Mandela felt very privileged to welcome the international leaders at the swearing – in ceremony because not too long ago, the South Africans were considered outlaws. He thus thanks all of them for having come to witness the historical ceremony. This was a gesture of international recognition to a newly born free democratic nation and it could be considered as a common victory for justice, peace and human dignity.

Question 5. What ideals does Nelson Mandela set for the future of South Africa? Answer: Nelson Mandela set the ideals of liberating people from bondage of poverty, deprivation and suffering. He also set the ideal for a society where there would be no discrimination based on gender or racial origins.

Question 1. What did the military generals do ? How did their attitude change and why? Answer: The highest military generals of South African defence force saluted Mandela and pledged their loyalty which was of great significance as during apartheid era they would have arrested him. The change in their attitude was because of struggle and sacrifices put in by many heroes of South Africa. This struggle not only ensured the freedom of a nation struggling with apartheid, bur brought a change in mindsets of many. He believed that love can also be taught and human being is naturally inclined towards love rather than hate.

Question 2. Why were two national anthems sung? Answer: One the auspicious occasion of the inauguration two national anthems: one by the Whites and the other by the Blacks symbolising the equality of the Blacks and the Whites were sung.

Question 3. How does Mandela describe the systems of government in his country (i) in the first decade, and (ii) in the final decade, of the twentieth century? Answer: (i) In the first decade of the century, the whites erected a system of racial domination against the blacks, thus creating the basis of one of the harshest and most inhumane societies the world had ever known. (ii) In the final decade of the 20th century, the . previous system had been overturned and replaced by one which recognised rights and freedom of all people regardless of color of their skin.

Question 4. What does courage mean to Mandela? Answer: For Mandela courage does not mean the absence of fear but a victory over fear. According to him brave men need not be fearless but should be able to conquer fear.

Question 5. Which does Mandela think is natural, to love or to hate? Answer: For Mandela, love comes more naturally to the human heart than hate.

Question 1. What “twin obligations” does Mandela mention? Answer: Mandela mentions that every man has twin obligations. The first is to his family, parents, wife and children; the second obligation is to his people, his community and his country.

Question 2. What did being free mean to Mandela as a boy, and as a student ? How does he contrast these “transitory freedoms” with “the basic and honourable freedoms”? Answer: Like any other kid, for Mandela freedom meant to make merry and enjoy the blissful life. Once one becomes an adult, antics of childhood looks like transitory because most of the childish activities are wasteful from an adult’s perspective. Once you are adult, you have to earn a livelihood to bring the bacon home. Its only then when you get an honourable existence in the family and in the society.

Question 3. Does Mandela think the oppressor is free? Why/why not? Answer: Mandela does not think that the oppressor is free because according to him an oppressor is a victim of hatred who is behind the bars of prejudice and narrow-mindedness. He realises that both the oppressor and the oppressed are robbed of their humanity and peace.

Thinking about the Text (Page 24)

Question 1. Why did such a large number of international leaders attend the inauguration ? What did it signify the triumph of? Answer: To be the part of the inauguration, international leaders showed a gesture of solidarity from international community to the idea of end of apartheid. It was the significance of the victory of good over evil and triumph of a tolerant society without any discrimination.

Question 2. What does Mandela mean when he says he is “simply the sum of all those African patriots”, who had gone before him ? Answer: By saying that he is simply the sum of all those African patriots, Mandela wants to pay his tribute to all the people who have sacrificed their lives for the sake of freedom. He says that he is grateful to those who had gone before him because those heroes of past had paved the path of co-operation and unity for him. Therefore, he could try to come to power to bring equality for his people with their support.

Question 3. Would you agree that the “depths of oppression” create “heights of character”? How does Mandela illustrate this? Can you add your own examples to this argument ? Answer: I agree with the statement that depths of oppression create heights of character. Nelson Mandela illustrates this by giving examples of great heroes of South Africa like Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu and others who were inspired to sacrifice their lives in the long freedom struggle. India is full of such examples, during our freedom struggle there was a galaxy of leaders of great characters and the oppression of British rule created and encouraged people of noble characters like Mahatma Gandhi, Lala Lajpat Rai, JL Nehru, Chandra Shekhar Ajad, Sardar Bhagat Singh and many more. If we compare them with the quality of political leaders India is having today, then Nelson Mandela seems to be absolutely right;

Question 4. How did Mandela’s understanding of freedom change with age and experience? Answer: With age and experience, Mandela understood the real meaning of freedom. As a young boy, he thought that he was born free and believed that as long as he obeyed his father and abided by the customs of his tribe, he was free in every possible manner. As he grew older, freedom to raise a family and freedom to earn livelihood started dominating his thoughts. Gradually he realised that he was selfish during his boyhood. He slowly understood that it was not just his freedom that was being curtailed, but the freedom of all blacks. It was the freedom from fear and prejudice. Age and experience widened his perspective of freedom.

Question 5. How did Mandela’s ‘hunger for freedom’ change his life? Answer: Mandela realised in his youth that it was not just his freedom that was being curtailed, but the freedom of all blacks. This changed the fearfulman to a fearless rebel. He sacrificed the comforts of a settled family life to fight for a greater cause. He joined the African National Congress and this changed him from a frightened young man into a bold one who fought against racial prejudice.

Thinking about Language (Page 24,25,26)

Questions 1. There are nouns in the text (formation, government) which are formed from the corresponding verbs (form, govern) by suffixing – (at)ion or ment. There may be change in the spelling of some verb – noun pairs ; such as rebel, rebellion; constitute, constitution. Make a list of such pairs of nouns and verbs in the text

2. Here are some more examples of ‘the’ used with proper names. Try to say what these sentences mean. (You may consult a dictionary if you wish. Look at the entry for ‘the’) (i) Mr Singh regularly invites the Amitabh Bachchans and the Shah Rukh Khans to his parties. (ii) Many people think that Madhuri Dixit is the Madhubala of our times. (in) History is not only the story of the Alexanders, the Napoleons and the Hitlers, but of ordinary people as well. 3. Match, the italicised phrases in Column A with the phrase nearest meaning in Column B. (Hint: First look for the sentence in the text which the phrase in column A occurs.)

2. Ans: (i) :  This means that Mr Singh regularly invites famous personalities as of the calibre of Amitabh Bachchan and Shah Rukh Khan to his parties. (ii) This means that Madhuri Dixit is compared to a landmark in acting in the form of legendary actress Madhubala. (iii) This means that history is not only the story of the great fighters and leaders such as Alexander, Napoleon and Hitler, but also of ordinary people.

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NCERT Solutions For Class 10 English First Flight Chapter 2 Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom, A Tiger in the Zoo

Ncert solutions for class 10 english chapter 2 – get free pdf.

BYJU’S presents to you accurate NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Chapter 2 that comprise one prose lesson – “ Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom ”, and one poem – “ A Tiger in the Zoo ”. The NCERT Solutions of Class 10 are solved by our panel of expert teachers to provide well-structured solutions for Class 10 students.

The solutions are written in easy-to-understand English, which will help students grasp concepts well and be all set to attempt the English exam with full confidence. Access the NCERT Solutions of this chapter in PDF from the link below to intensify your preparations.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Chapter 2:

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Access Answers to NCERT Class 10 English Chapter 2 Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom

Activity (Page 17)

In Column A are some expressions you will find in the text. Make a guess and match each expression with an appropriate meaning from Column B.

Oral Comprehension Check (Page 18-19)

Question 1:

Where did the ceremonies take place? Can you name any public buildings in India that are made of sandstone?

The ceremonies took place in the lovely sandstone amphitheatre formed by the Union Buildings in Pretoria, which were attended by dignitaries and world leaders of several nations. In India, the Rashtrapati Bhavan and Red Fort are two public buildings that are made of red sandstone.

Question 2:

Can you say how 10 May is an ‘autumn day’ in South Africa?

South Africa is located in the Southern Hemisphere, i.e., below the equator. In the Southern Hemisphere, the timing of the seasons is different from that of Europe and Asia, which are in the Northern Hemisphere. In Southern Africa, autumn is from March to April, and winter is from June to September. That is how May 10 becomes a ‘lovely autumn day’ in South Africa.

Question 3:

At the beginning of his speech, Mandela mentions “an extraordinary human disaster”. What does he mean by this? What is the “glorious … human achievement” he speaks of at the end?

In Mandela’s speech ‘an extraordinary human disaster’, he wanted to express his strong feelings against the practice of Apartheid in South Africa. Under Apartheid, there was racial segregation of people based on colour, and the blacks suffered the most as they were discriminated against by the rest. They could not enjoy the right to freedom. Mandela was jailed for 18 years on the infamous ‘Robben Island’ where he was mistreated by the authorities. He considered it a “great glorious human achievement” that he became the first Black President of South Africa, where the blacks were deprived of basic needs and suffered different kinds of discrimination, and were treated badly.

Question 4:

What does Mandela thank the international leaders for?

Mandela felt extremely privileged to welcome the dignitaries and international leaders at the swearing-in ceremony because it was not too long ago when the South Africans were considered outlaws. He therefore, thanked all of them for having come from far and wide to witness the historical oath-taking ceremony of the first Black President of South Africa. This was a wonderful gesture of international recognition to a newly born free democratic nation. This event could be considered as a common victory for justice, peace and human dignity.

Question 5:

What ideals does he set out for the future of South Africa?

Mandela set the ideals of liberating the people of South Africa from the continuing bondage of poverty, deprivation, suffering, gender and other discrimination. He wanted the people of the country to enjoy the right to freedom from all forms of bondage and prejudice.

Oral Comprehension Check (Page 21)

What do the military generals do? How has their attitude changed and why?

The highest military generals of South African defence forces and police saluted and pledged their loyalty to Mandela. This was of great significance because, during the Apartheid era, they would have arrested him and put him behind bars. Their attitude towards Blacks changed due to the struggles and sacrifices that were put in by many heroes of South Africa. This struggle for freedom was not just a struggle with Apartheid, it also brought a massive change in the mindsets of many people. Mandela believed that love is something that could be taught and human beings are naturally inclined towards love more, rather than hate.

Why were two national anthems sung?

On the auspicious occasion of the inauguration ceremony, two national anthems were sung – the Whites sang ‘Nkosi Sikelel –iAfrika’ and the Blacks sang ‘Die Stem’ that was the old anthem of the Republic. Singing of both the anthems symbolized the equality of rights between Whites and Blacks.

How does Mandela describe the systems of government in his country –

(i) in the first decade, and (ii) in the final decade, of the twentieth century?

• In the first decade of the twentieth century, the white-skinned people of South Africa patched up their differences and erected a system of racial domination against the dark-skinned peoples of their own land. This created the basis of one of the harshest, most inhumane, societies the world has ever seen or known.
• In the final decade of the twentieth century, the previous system of government had been overturned forever and replaced by one that recognised the rights and freedoms of all peoples, regardless of the colour of their skin.

What does courage mean to Mandela?

According to Mandela, courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. A brave man is not one who does not feel afraid, but one who conquers that fear.

Which does he think is natural, to love or to hate?

Mandela thought that love comes more naturally to the human heart rather than hate.

Oral Comprehension Check (Page 24)

What “twin obligations” does Mandela mention?

Mandela mentions two obligations that every man has in life – (i) obligations to his family, to his parents, to his wife and children; and (ii) he has an obligation to his people, his community and his country.

What did being free mean to Mandela as a boy, and as a student? How does he contrast these “transitory freedoms” with “the basic and honourable freedoms”?

Like any other kid, Mandela felt freedom meant being happy, making merry and enjoying the blissful life in his childhood years. However, when a young fellow becomes an adult, the antics of childhood look transitory because all the childish activities are worthless from an adult’s perspective. When a person becomes an adult, he learns to earn a livelihood and earn his own bread and butter. In such a scenario, he understands the basic and honourable freedom in his family and the society that he lives in.

Does Mandela think the oppressor is free? Why/Why not?

Mandela does not feel that the oppressor is free because, in his opinion, an oppressor is like a victim of hatred who is locked behind the bars of prejudice and narrow-mindedness. He feels that both the oppressor and the oppressed are robbed of their humanity and peace of mind.

Thinking about the Text (Page 24)

Why did such a large number of international leaders attend the inauguration? What did it signify the triumph of?

Being a part of the inauguration ceremony, the international leaders showed solidarity with the end of Apartheid as a gesture from the international community. This signified the victory of good over evil and the triumph of a tolerant society without prejudice and discrimination of caste, colour or creed.

What does Mandela mean when he says he is “simply the sum of all those African patriots” who had gone before him?

By saying that he is “simply the sum of all those African patriots”, Mandela offers his tribute to all the people who had sacrificed their lives in favour of the struggle for freedom. He says that he shall always remain grateful and thankful to those who had gone before him because those freedom fighters had paved the path of cooperation and unity for him. Therefore, Mandela felt that when he came to power, he would bring equality among his people with their support and cooperation.

Would you agree that the “depths of oppression” create “heights of character”? How does Mandela illustrate this? Can you add your own examples to this argument?

Yes, I agree with the statement that “depths of oppression” do create ‘heights of character”. Nelson Mandela illustrates this by citing examples of great heroes of South Africa such as Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu, Chief Luthulis, Yusuf Dadoos, Bram Fischers, and Robert Sobukwes, among others who inspired others by sacrificing their lives in the long struggle for freedom.

In India’s pre-Independence era, there was a galaxy of great leaders who didn’t bend their knees to the oppression of British rule, such as Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, Mahatma Gandhi, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Lala Lajpat Rai, Chandra Shekhar Ajad, Bhagat Singh and many more. Nelson Mandela seems to be absolutely right, if we compare them with the quality of political leaders that came later. It seems that great leaders are created in the crucible of oppression and suffering.

How did Mandela’s understanding of freedom change with age and experience?

With age and rich experience, Mandela understood the essence of freedom in everyone’s life. As a young boy, he always thought that he was born free and could do anything that he wanted. He strongly believed that as long as he obeyed his father and abided by the customs of his tribe, he was free in every possible way. However, as he grew older, he started feeling that freedom was required to raise a family and to earn a livelihood, and this started dominating his thoughts and views. In due course of time, he realised that he was selfish and was leading an illusionary life during his boyhood. He slowly understood that it was not his freedom alone that was being curtailed, but the freedom of all Black people was retrenched. Mandela understood that his people were being deprived and discriminated and this led him to develop a hunger for the freedom of his people.

How did Mandela’s ‘hunger for freedom’ change his life?

During his youth, Mandela realised that it was not just his freedom alone that was being curtailed, but the freedom of all Black people. The hunger for his own freedom became the hunger for freedom for all his fellow brothers and sisters. In the process, this changed the fearful man into a bold rebel. Mandela sacrificed the comforts of a settled family life to fight for the freedom of his countrymen. He joined the African National Congress, and this transformed him from a frightened young man into a fearless person who fought against racial prejudice and colour discrimination.

Thinking about Language (Page 24-26)

I. There are nouns in the text (formation, government) which are formed from the corresponding verbs (form, govern) by suffixing -(at)ion or ment. There may be a change in the spelling of some verb – noun pairs: such as rebel, rebellion; constitute, constitution.

Make a list of such pairs of nouns and verbs in the text.

Read the paragraph below. Fill in the blanks with the noun forms of the verbs in brackets.

Martin Luther King’s _______________ (contribute) to our history as an outstanding leader began when he came to the ______________ (assist) of Rosa Parks, a seamstress who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. In those days American Blacks were confined to positions of second class citizenship by restrictive laws and customs. To break these laws would mean _______________ (subjugate) and ________________ (humiliate) by the police and the legal system. Beatings, _________________ (imprison) and sometimes death awaited those who defied the System. Martin Luther King’s tactics of protest involved non-violent ___________________ (resist) to racial injustice.

Martin Luther King’s contribution to our history as an outstanding leader began when he came to the assistance of Rosa Parks, a seamstress who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. In those days American Blacks were confined to positions of second class citizenship by restrictive laws and customs. To break these laws would mean subjugation and humiliation by the police and the legal system. Beatings, imprisonment and sometimes death awaited those who defied the System. Martin Luther King’s tactics of protest involved non-violent resistance to racial injustice.

II. Using the Definite Article with Names

Here are some more examples of ‘the’ used with proper names. Try to say what these sentences mean. (You may consult a dictionary if you wish. Look at the entry for ‘the’.)

1. Mr Singh regularly invites the Amitabh Bachchans and the Shah Rukh Khans to his parties.

2. Many people think that Madhuri Dixit is the Madhubala of our times.

3. History is not only the story of the Alexanders, the Napoleons and the Hitlers, but of ordinary people as well.

1. This implies that Mr. Singh regularly invites prominent personalities of caliber such as Mr. Amitabh Bachchan and Mr. Shah Rukh Khan to his parties.

2. This implies that in the current generation, Madhuri Dixit is compared to the great actress, Madhubala.

3. This means history is not only the story of great fighers such as Alexander, Napoleon or Hitler, but also of other ordinary people.

III. Idiomatic Expressions

Match the italicised phrases in Column A with the phrase nearest in meaning in Column B. (Hint: First look for the sentence in the text in which the phrase in Column A occurs.)

Speaking (Page 26)

In groups, discuss the issues suggested in the box below. Then prepare a speech of about two minutes on the following topic. (First make notes for your speech in writing.)

True liberty is freedom from poverty, deprivation and all forms of discrimination.

Activity to be done by yourself.

Writing (Page 26-28)

Question I: Looking at Contrasts

Nelson Mandela’s writing is marked by balance: many sentences have two parts in balance.

Use the following phrases to complete the sentences given below.

1. It requires such depths of oppression _________________________________________

2. Courage was not the absence of fear __________________________________________

3. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid __________________________________

4. If people can learn to hate _________________________________________________

5. I was not born with a hunger to be free. ______________________________________

1. It requires such depths of oppression (v) to create such heights of character.

2. Courage was not the absence of fear (iii) but the triumph over it.

3. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid (iv) but he who conquers that fear.

4. If people can learn to hate (i) they can be taught to love.

5. I was not born with a hunger to be free. (ii) I was born free.

Question II:

This text repeatedly contrasts the past with the present or the future. We can use coordinated clauses to contrast two views, for emphasis or effect. Given below are sentences carrying one part of the contrast. Find in the text the second part of the contrast, and complete each item. Identify the words which signal the contrast. This has been done for you in the first item.

1. For decades the Union Buildings had been the seat of white supremacy, and now …

2. Only moments before, the highest generals of the South African defence force and police … saluted me and pledged their loyalty. … not so many years before they would not have saluted _______________

3. Although that day neither group knew the lyrics of the anthem …, they would soon ______________

4. My country is rich in the minerals and gems that lie beneath its soil, _______________________

5. The Air Show was not only a display of pinpoint precision and military force, but _______________

6. It was this desire for the freedom of my people … that transformed _______________ into a bold one, that drove _______________ to become a criminal, that turned ________________into a man without a home.

1. For decades the Union Buildings had been the seat of white supremacy, and now it was the site of a rainbow gathering of different colours and nations for the installation of South Africa’s first democratic, non-racial government.

2. Only moments before , the highest generals of the South African defence force and police … saluted me and pledged their loyalty. … not so many years before they would not have saluted but arrested me.

3. Although that day neither group knew the lyrics of the anthem …, they would soon know the words by heart .

4. My country is rich in the minerals and gems that lie beneath its soil, but I have always known that its greatest wealth is its people, finer and truer than the purest diamonds .

5. The Air Show was not only a display of pinpoint precision and military force , but a demonstration of the military’s loyalty to democracy , to a new government that had been freely and fairly elected.

6. It was this desire for the freedom of my people … that transformed a frightened young man into a bold one , that drove a law-abiding attorney to become a criminal , that turned a family-loving husband into a man without a home .

Question III: Expressing Your Opinion

Do you think there is colour prejudice in our own country? Discuss this with your friend and write a paragraph of about 100 to 150 words about this. You have the option of making your paragraph a humorous one. (Read the short verse given below.)

When you were born you were pink

When you grew up you became white

When you are in the sun you are red

When you are sick you are yellow

When you are angry you are purple

When you are shocked you are grey

And you have the cheek to call me ‘coloured’.

Access Answers to NCERT Class 10 English Chapter 2 Poem – A Tiger in the Zoo

Thinking about the Poem (Page 30-31)

Read the poem again, and work in pairs or groups to do the following tasks.

(i) Find the words that describe the movements and actions of the tiger in the cage and in the wild. Arrange them in two columns.

(ii) Find the words that describe the two places, and arrange them in two columns.

Now try to share ideas about how the poet uses words and images to contrast the two situations.

Notice the use of a word repeated in lines such as these:

(i) On pads of velvet quiet,

In his quiet rage.

(ii) And stares with his brilliant eyes

At the brilliant stars.

What do you think is the effect of this repetition?

This repetition is used by the poet to create a poetic effect to increase the intensity of the tiger’s rage and his silent helplessness from the concrete cell of the cage. ‘Velvet quiet’ refers to the velvet pads of the tiger which are quiet and unable to run or leap. The tiger could do nothing but just walk around the limited space of his cage. The use of ‘quiet rage’ signifies the anger and ferocious nature of the tiger that is building up inside him as he wants to run out freely into the forest and attack a deer. The tiger’s rage is quiet as he is locked inside the cage and is helpless. The repetition of ‘quiet’ has given a lyrical beauty to the poem. Similarly, the use of the term ‘brilliant’ for both the tiger’s eyes and the stars points to the majestic nature of both. The tiger stares at the brilliant stars with his brilliant eyes as he dreams about how he could have led a beautiful, free and pleasing life in the forest. Thus, the repetition creates a wonderful rhythmic effect and gives a kind of magnificence to the lines.

Read the following two poems — one about a tiger and the other about a panther. Then discuss:

Are zoos necessary for the protection or conservation of some species of animals? Are they useful for educating the public? Are there alternatives to zoos?

The tiger behind the bars of his cage growls,

The tiger behind the bars of his cage snarls,

The tiger behind the bars of his cage roars.

Then he thinks.

It would be nice not to be behind bars all

Because they spoil my view

I wish I were wild, not on show.

But if I were wild, hunters might shoot me,

But if I were wild, food might poison me,

But if I were wild, water might drown me.

Then he stops thinking

PETER NIBLETT

The Panther

His vision, from the constantly passing bars,

has grown so weary that it cannot hold

anything else. It seems to him there are

a thousand bars; and behind the bars, no world.

As he paces in cramped circles, over and over,

the movement of his powerful soft strides

is like a ritual dance around a centre

in which a mighty will stands paralysed.

Only at times, the curtain of the pupils

lifts, quietly. An image enters in,

rushes down through the tensed, arrested muscles,

plunges into the heart and is gone.

RAINER MARIA RILKE

A zoo is a place where several species of animals are kept. Some of these animals are endangered or on the verge of extinction. Likewise, even endangered tigers and lions are not safe in the forest due to poaching for illegal trading. Therefore, zoos are necessary for the conservation and protection of such species. That way, zoos are a safe haven for animals, and the public should be educated about the importance of wild animals and their key role in maintaining the ecological balance in the environment. Some other alternatives to zoos could be wildlife sanctuaries, forest reserves,  national parks, etc. These options will not only protect or conserve these species but also provide these animals with a habitat in the midst of nature.

Take a point of view for or against zoos, or even consider both points of view and write a couple of paragraphs or speak about this topic for a couple of minutes in class.

You can download these NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English in PDF format, through the links provided below. Given below are some brief descriptions of the story and poem included under NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Chapter 2.

Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom (Prose)

This story is an extract from Nelson Mandela’s autobiography, “Long Walk to Freedom”, where he mentions the historic occasion of his inauguration as South Africa’s first Black President, and his thoughts on freedom. Mandela always believed that he had an obligation towards his family and his people. In this piece, he shared a lot of thoughts about how people of colour were mistreated, and he wished equality for everyone, irrespective of caste, colour or creed. He always thought of placing his people and country above all obligations and did not want to stick to the customs of his tribe. He felt every person has the right to achieve political emancipation, and he pledged to liberate all his people from deprivation, the bondage of poverty, gender and other forms of discrimination.

Chapter 2 Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom

A tiger in the zoo (poem).

In this poem,  the poet Leslie Norris draws a contrasting distinction between a tiger trapped in a zoo and a tiger living in its natural habitat. He clearly mentions how a tiger moves freely in the jungle, compared to the caged tiger moving back and forth within the limited space in a zoo. Class 10 students can understand the tiger’s description as provided by the poet, visualise the tiger’s plight while in a zoo, and understand how it yearns for a free life in a jungle.

Chapter 2 Poem – A Tiger in the Zoo

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• English Language CBSE
• Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom

44. Autobiography