meaning of slang essay

A Close Look at the Function of Slang 

Ana is an undecided major, born and raised in Boston to Serbian and Lebanese parents. Writing has always been a passion of Ana’s, and she created this research essay as a final project for her Composition II course. She notes that “it was a topic that became increasingly interesting the more I researched it. I was thoroughly surprised by the complex history and function of slang, and I gained a new perspective on the role of language in our daily lives.” Other than writing, Ana’s biggest passion is traveling, and she loves discovering new places, meeting people from all around the world, and learning about different cultures.

For a PDF copy of this essay, click here .

We encounter slang on a daily basis, whether it’s through spoken word, text messages, social media posts, or the slang-ridden Internet. There is no doubting the prevalence of slang in our everyday conversations and interactions, however what I’m interested in is discovering what role slang plays in our everyday lives. Why do we use slang? What does it achieve? In other words, I want to know the function of slang. Many people view slang in a negative way, and even consider people who use it heavily stupid, uneducated, or lazy. I, however, think there’s more to slang than what meets the eye, and in the following, I will attempt to illustrate the significance and function of slang.  

Slang is known as “very informal usage in vocabulary and idiom that is characteristically more metaphorical, playful, elliptical, vivid, and ephemeral than ordinary language ”  (“Slang”). Linguists have struggled to clearly define slang, but what they have come up with so far is that slang is “a linguistic phenomenon ever present and consistently changing” (“Slang”). Linguists Bethany K. Dumas and Jonathan Lighter claim that if words and phrases meet the following criteria then they are considered slang: “1. Its presence will markedly lower, at least for the moment, the dignity of formal or serious speech or writing; 2. Its use implies the user’s special familiarity either with referent or with that less statusful or less responsible class of people who have such special familiarity and the use of the term; 3. It is a tabooed term in ordinary discourse with persons of higher social status or greater responsibility; 4. It is used in place of the well-known conventional synonym, especially in order (a) to protect the user from the discomfort caused by the conventional item or (b) to protect the user from the discomfort or annoyance of further elaboration” (Dumas & Lighter 14-15). This is the most concise definition of slang I came across, and I believe it covers every possibility of what can be considered slang. It also implies situations where slang is used, which will be helpful in starting to understand the function of slang. Some examples of common slang words and phrases that are used today are “extra” (used when someone is going over the top in a situation), “salty” (used to describe someone that is angry or bothered), or “throw shade” (to insult someone).   

Before considering the function of slang, it is necessary to consider the significance of language in general. I think the following aspects of language can be directly translated to slang and used to explain the importance of slang, seeing as slang is an integral part of language, and it is a form of language. Anca Sirbu explains that “language is essentially a means of communication among the members of society” and that “common language is the one of the most important features of a community” (Sirbu 1). Furthermore, she states that language is “a tool that conveys traditions and values related to group identity” (Sirbu 1). Seeing as Sirbu talks about language in relation to society, community, and groups, indicates that language has a  far  greater significance within a group than it does on an individual level. The fact that language is related to group identity is extremely important to consider when it comes to slang, because slang has a strong association with groups. Professor of Linguistics, D.W. Maurer, explains how:  

When an individual applies language in a new way to express hostility, ridicule, or  contempt,  often with sharp wit, he may be creating slang, but the new expression will   perish unless it is picked up by others (Maurer 1).  

It can be concluded that slang only emerges if it is used by a group. Once groups have acquired certain words or phrases, and start using them to communicate with other members of the group, those certain words and phrases will become more known and popular.   

Slang is also connected to the identity of a group. As Sirbu says, language is a conveyor of a group’s tradition and values, and Mauer explains that if a creator of a slang expression/word “is a member of a group that finds his creation projects the emotional reaction of its members toward an idea, person, or social institution, the expression will gain currency according to the unanimity of attitude within the group” (Mauer 1). The fact that slang will only “gain currency” within a group if it matches their attitude is an indicator that slang can be used to express the identity of a group. An example of this can be found in any new generation. As generations come and go, so do certain phrases and words, but there is a reason that slang associated with one generation, is usually not found in the next.  Daily Arts  writer Sam Rosenberg reminds readers that in the 1950s, “an age swept up in conservative values, young people used “swell” as their very own colloquialism” (Rosenberg). The 1950’s followed WWII, and people were doing their best to recuperate. They had hope for the future and were “content, but many others felt ill at ease because of the speed at which the world was changing” (Shmoop). In order to cope and mask their troubles, people “embraced religion and visited psychiatrists in unprecedented numbers” (Shmoop). “Swell” doesn’t exactly mean that everything is just perfect and amazing but rather that things are okay. I think the fact that “swell” was commonly used during this era, shows that life wasn’t particular the best it could be and there was some troubles, but it also wasn’t  as  bad as it was during the war, so things were simply fine. Since people in the 50s were trying desperately to distract themselves with things like therapy, and religion and pretend that everything was okay, it makes sense that people were going around telling each other that everything was just “swell”.   

With the change of times, came the change of slang words. During the “lively era” of the ‘80s and the “grunge scene” of the ‘90s, words like “cool,” “groovy,” “wicked,” and “sweet,” became popular (Rosenberg). The new slang words used in the ‘80s and ‘90s expressed the newfound identity of the generation. It was a livelier generation, and therefore the slang words associated with the generation were livelier and more creative. The 70s saw a surge in the Rock and Roll Genre as well as Disco music which “prompted the opening of hundreds of dance clubs around the country,” and “people became free thinkers, questioning government and demanding that their voices be heard” (“70s Culture”). No longer were people pretending everything was okay, they were fighting back, speaking their mind, and pushing against conservative ways. Their livelier demeanor can be seen through the slang terms they used. “Cool” and “groovy” are far more livelier words than “swell” is, because they are more enthusiastic in their definitions; they’re a way of saying something is awesome or excellent. People used “cool” and “groovy” to express  genuine  interest in something. The 90s are known for being ridden with lust, sex, and drugs, which suggests that people during this era were completely going against conservative values, and weren’t concerned with what was considered morally right during the time. It only makes sense then that “wicked” became a popularly used slang term, seeing as it means evil or morally wrong. Since the 80s and 90s weren’t as conservative as the previous generations, the slang words associated with the previous generations were no longer an accurate representation of the new one. Therefore the old slang expressions disappeared, and new ones that  did  match the attitude and expressed the generation’s collective identity formed.   

While the above example shows slang’s role in a groups expression of identity, it also exemplifies how slang can be an expression of modernity. Modernity can be thought of as “the self-definition of a generation”, as well as up-to-date and contemporary times— not to be confused with the Modern Era (Snyder). I consider technology to be a good example of Modernity. It is constantly evolving, adapting to contemporary times, and it also defines generations. The 80s will always be remembered for the Walkman, the 90s for the Web, and the 2000s for the iPhone. Similarly, slang is always up-to-date with the times, and as we’ve established it also aids in expressing the identity of a generation. Since generations acquire and form slang that expresses aspects of their generation, I believe that slang is in fact part of a generation’s “self-definition”, and thus slang can be a representation of modernity. Modernity is constantly changing due to its relation to present times, just as slang is constantly changing, because it too, is related to present times. Conversely, modernity is not antiquated; it’s a “departure from traditional styles or values” and the remote past (“Modernity”). This can directly translate to slang, because slang deviates from the past and goes against traditional styles and values.    

One instance where slang expresses modernity and is used to go against traditional styles is in 1954, during the “postwar years” (Fisher 1). During the Royal Tour of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Phillip, a controversy occurred when the Queen reportedly said the phrase “‘this must have cost a packet’” after she was gifted a diamond and brooch at a state dinner (Fisher 1). “Cost a packet” is a phrase used in British English, which means to “cost a lot”. In other words, the Queen was expressing that her gift must have been very expensive. Seeing as this was a slang phrase, many people were shocked that the Queen, the epitome of tradition, would use this expression. An Australian magazine called  The   Argus  responded to this controversy by assuring people that “she had said it, and further noted that ‘she is a young woman, modern in her outlook, and, naturally enough, given to using the phrases and expressions of the one for a young women to use’” (Fisher 1). In this incident, the Queen’s slang use is being connected to modernity, and the magazines response is suggesting that a modern outlook can be achieved by using slang. Additionally, the positive tone of the response implies that the magazine is encouraging young woman to use slang phrases and expressions. In other words, the magazine is encouraging the idea of women deviating from traditional styles, in this case traditional vernacular, by using slang.   

Apart from the incident with the Queen, and in addition to slang expressing modernity, slang also played an integral part in liberating women and giving them a voice during the postwar years. Slang words during this time mainly referenced “male experiences”, such as “grazing, the gold rush, bush life, sport, gambling and the military” (Fisher 1). Women were predominantly excluded from slang references, and slang use in general (Fisher 1). They were expected to be “guardians of correct speech”, and were looked down upon if they used any informal language (Fisher 2). However, in the 1940’s, “the emergent teenage culture provided a new space for girls to use slang terms along with boys” (Fisher 2). Slang started being associated with teenagers, and magazines started using slang in order to address teenagers. Eventually, “more respectable publications” started using slang to address the youth, “which indicated that teenage culture had become mainstream and that the use of colloquial language was seen as a normal part of adolescence” (Fisher 2). The emergence of teenage culture and the acceptability of their slang use made it more acceptable for middle-class women to use slang. Slang “came to be considered an important part of speech” which was “a significant aspect of performing modern middle-class femininity”, and it was “promoted and reinforced by women’s magazines” (Fisher 3). One particular magazine took things a step further and encouraged women to make their own slang terms, saying “women must use their own brands of today’s English, not copy the ones men have developed for themselves” (Fisher 3). Women reacted to these magazines by sending in letters, and “the letter pages of women’s magazines were a space within which readers could formulate a distinctive identity as modern middle class women through their use informalities and colloquialisms” (Fisher 3). More importantly, “the language used in these letters therefore worked to create an imagined community amongst readers, which evoked the kinds of conversations women could have over their fences or in their living room” (Fisher 3). The magazines started a conversation among Women, and encouraged them to take control of their femininity, and fight against the belief that women should not use slang. Through these letters and the ongoing conversation between women that was evoked by the magazine, new slang words were created  by   women  that  expressed   women  and their experiences. Slang words like “wifey, coz (cousin)…girlie (daughter), only (only child), hubby, sonny, and Miss Pious”, were created (Fisher 4). These slang words evolved from the stories women told about their everyday life and experiences in the letters that they sent in to the magazines. Women were able to use slang to break through standards, and to liberate themselves from traditional styles. Additionally, by creating their own terms and expressions, slang enabled women to have a voice and use language that represented women, and to finally bring femininity to Australian English. This example shows how slang can liberate a group: by differentiating them from other groups, and giving them their own unique voice.   

Now that we’ve seen what slang can do for a group collectively, it’s important to consider what slang can do for members of a group. Consider once more Sirbu’s claim: “common language is the one of the most important features of a community” (Sirbu 1). Sirbu specifically says a  common  language is of great importance within a community, in that it’s the fact that a community has a language that everyone understands, that makes language a significant part of a community; it provides a commonality between groups of people. I think slang can be considered a “common language” within a group, because each group has particular slang words and expressions that is common in  their  group, and that all members understand. Considering slang is a common language within a group it can then be deduced from Sirbu’s claim about common language; that slang in an important feature of a community.   

An example of where slang proves to be an important feature of a community/group is on college campuses. Just as it differs from group to group what particular slang they use to communicate with each other, every college campus has slang particular to their own campus. A study on campus slang found that in order for students to effectively communicate with each other and cooperate with each other, “the first important thing is to speak one common language, that is, campus slang” (Wang 4). A group can have more of an understanding for each other when they use a common language such as slang, which in turn increases the level of communication and cooperation. My personal research resulted in similar findings, with 60% of respondents saying slang can be used for agreeability between individuals, and establishing friendliness between one another. Slang offers commonality to a group or community, and establishes the similarities between members of a group, therefore increasing the cohesiveness of a group.  

Another finding during the study on campus slang was that members use slang simply because it’s fun and creative. The study explains that because the formation of slang entails creating new words, and new meanings out of words, that slang provides college students with “more space for the imagination and creativity” (Wang 3). Similarly, Professor of English and studier of slang Michael Adams says, “There is creative value in the creation of new language among different social groups” (Adams). Surprisingly, only 3% of respondents to my survey said that slang is used in order to be creative. I believe this response is due not to the fact that people don’t think slang is creative, but rather that people don’t use slang with the conscious purpose of being creative, or being seen as creative. It is without question that creativity is strongly associated with slang, because the formation of slang entails innovative, creative, and original thinking.   

Another important factor about slang is that it is often times found in humorous situations, and usually used to convey humor, lightheartedness, and casualness. While observing a particular conversation between three young women over the social media app Facebook, I noticed that the intention behind the majority usage of slang was to be humorous. Consider the following interaction between three members of a group chat:   

Person 1: (Persons name), shut the fuck up what r u trying to do  

Person 2: (Person’s name), you need to chill   

Person 3: ahahahahah damn didn’t mean to start beef   

The term “start beef”, is a humorous way of saying “to have a grudge with another person” (“Beef”). In this example, slang is used to alleviate the tension in the conversation by inserting humor. Consequently, it makes the conversation more lighthearted. If Person 3 had answered something like, “I apologize, I did not mean to start a problem between you two”, it would just add to the seriousness of the conversation and most likely increase tension. In addition to my observations, the survey I posted resulted in 58% of respondents saying slang makes conversations and situations more humorous. Humor aids in making a conversation more casual, and makes situations more relaxed. Therefore, I think the presence of humorous slang allows individuals to let their guard down. This relates with my own research, where 73% of respondents said that slang makes conversations more casual and relaxed. The combination of the humor and casual tone that can be achieved by using slang takes away any stiffness and tension in a situation.   

A specific example of how slang can be used to make conversation more casual is in regards to talking about taboo subjects. Slang “serves to change the level of conversation from formal to informal, allowing users to handle awkward social situations. Slang is often used to discuss semi-taboo subjects, such as: drunkenness, sexual organs and activities, drugs and drug use, ‘elimination’ and ‘bodily waste’” (Hess). While I believe that slang can make awkward conversations easier to navigate because it takes away some formality from the conversation, I also think it makes it easier to talk about the above taboo subjects because completely new names are given to them. That way people can talk about taboo subjects without ever directly needing to say taboo terms. For example, it’s a lot easier to casually talk about genitalia by using slang words, rather than using the scientific terms. What way would you find it more comfortable to ask a friend about drunkenness: How intoxicated are you currently? Or, how hammered are you? I’m guessing the latter, because it allows you to ask about a taboo subject without explicitly needing to say anything. Additionally, an overwhelming 82% of respondents to my survey agree that slang makes it easier to discuss the taboo subjects stated above. Considering all this information, I think slang acts to take away stress associated with formal situations, which in turn relaxes individuals, and makes communication easier, and more casual.   

It is clear that slang is extremely complex, and has a significant role in our daily lives, as well as significance in what it does  for  our daily lives. There are many important functions of slang, some subtle and some obvious. I see no reason to believe that slang use entails laziness, stupidity, or for lack of a better term, uneducated. In fact, I believe individuals should be impressed with what slang can achieve. My ultimate belief about slang is that it is an impressively powerful tool that we use to break barriers between one another. Consider once more the women during the post-war years who used slang to break the barriers between themselves and men through the use of colloquial language, or the conversation between the three girls where slang was used to break barriers by cutting the tension and inserting some lightheartedness in the situation, and also the fact that slang allows people to break barriers by enabling them to talk about awkward subjects in a casual way. Additionally, the fact that slang establishes agreeability and friendliness with one another, takes away tension in situations, and allows us to cooperate with one another, further proves how slang is used in order to break barriers.   

I’ll leave you with a personal experience, that didn’t make sense to me until my newfound understanding of slang. I am half Serbian and half Lebanese, but I have always been more in touch with my Serbian counterpart. Though I was born in America, Serbian was my first language. I’ve noticed over the years when travelling to Serbia, that my sister and I have a very easy time conversing with and connecting to adults. We’re able to fully understand what they are saying, and they are able to understand what we are saying. We’ve acquired many meaningful relationships with adults from Serbia, whether they are our aunts and uncles, friends of my mom, neighbors that live in my grandmother’s apartment, or even the cashiers at the local markets. What’s strange however, is that my sister and I have gone to Serbia every summer of our lives and we still haven’t really connected with our cousins, which are the only people we encounter there that are our age. This always confused and frustrated me because no matter how much time we spent with them there was always a disconnect, and we just weren’t able to become close with them. It took me years to realize that this disconnect was due to language or more specifically, slang. My sister and I had an immensely hard time understanding what they were saying, and this confusion only occurred when we were talking with our young cousins, but never with adults. It soon became apparent that it was their slang use that confused us, as we weren’t familiar with Serbian slang. We learned Serbian through my mom, and the only person we talk in Serbian to throughout the year is with my grandmother during our weekly phone calls. We learned how to speak Serbian by only listening to and talking to adults, and therefore we never picked up any of the slang that is popular among the youth in Serbia. Looking back at our conversations with our cousins, I’ve realized that we spent a significant amount of time asking what certain slang words they used meant, as well as them trying to clarify those slang words to us. Our conversations consisted mostly of talking about the Serbian language itself and what certain slang words mean, rather than actually talking about meaningful topics that could help us to get to know each other. My sister and I often didn’t understand their jokes seeing as a lot of them involved slang words, and eventually they stopped directing their jokes to us but rather with one another, because our reactions were often blank stares. Similarly, my sister and I started having more and more side conversations between just ourselves when in the presence of our cousins, because we found it awkward trying to have a conversation with them, seeing as it had failed so many times before. To this day, I feel like I barely know my cousins, and every time I see them it feels like we have to introduce ourselves to each other all over again.   

I now  strongly  believe that if we understood Serbian slang, my sister and I would have been able to break through the barriers between us and our cousins a long time ago. We would be able to joke around using the same slang terms they do, we wouldn’t need to ask them to explain the slang words/phrases they use, and they wouldn’t hold anything back in fear that we wouldn’t understand what they are saying. Additionally, our conversations wouldn’t just stay at the surface, as if we were merely acquaintances rather than family. We never had an understanding for each other because our vocabularies for slang were drastically different. Now, I’m not saying that people who belong in different groups and who are familiar with particular slang can’t interact and having meaningful connections with people from other groups who have their own set of slang their familiar with. I just believe that it’s hard to fully understand each other, if we don’t have the same understanding of particular words and phrases. Perhaps this is why older generations are always talking down the slang that is used by the younger generations, simply because they don’t have an understanding of the slang they use. A common language between people is extremely important in order for cooperation, agreeability, and understanding, and without it, a significant disconnect can occur.   

Works Cited  

Adams, Michael. “Why Slang is Good for You.” Audio blog post.  The   Takeaway . Public Radio International, 26 Oct, 2012. Web. 1 Apr. 2018.

“Beef”.  Urban Dictionary, www.urbandictionary.com. Accessed 31 Mar. 2018  

Dumas, Bethany K., and Jonathan Lighter. “Is Slang a Word for Linguists?”  American Speech ,   vol. 53, no. 1, 1978, pp. 5–17.  

Fisher, Catherine Horne. “Let’s Talk it Over: Colloquial Language and Women’s Print Media   Cultures in Australia, 1950–1966.”  Outskirts  36 (2017): 1-18.  ProQuest. 7 Mar. 2018.  

Hess, Meagan. “About Slang.”  Xroads.virginia.edu,  May 2004. Accessed 7 March 2018.  

Maurer, D.W. “Slang.”   Encyclopedia   Britannica   I nc , 16 August, 2013. Web. 6 Mar. 2018.   

“Modernity”.  Dictionary.com Unabridged . Random House, Inc. Dictionary.com 7 Apr. 2018.   

Radonjic Sabbagh, Ana. “Functions of Slang Survey.” Survey. 31 Mar. 2018.  

Rosenberg, Sam. “New Slang: How Lit Was the Function.”  Michigan Daily,  20 January 2016.   Accessed 7 March 2018.   

Scientific Bulletin “Mircea cel Batran” Naval Academy  18.2 (2015): 405-6.  ProQuest.  Web. 8    Mar. 2018.  

“Seventies (70s) Culture.”  Classic 70’s , www.classic70s.com/70s-culture.html.  

Shmoop Editorial Team. “Society in The 1950s.”  Shmoop . Shmoop University, Inc., 11 Nov.  2008.  Web.Accessed 26 Apr. 2018.  

Sirbu, Anca. “The Significance of Language as a Tool of Communication.” Naval Academy Press: Constanta, Romania, 2015.  

“Slang”.  Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition . HarperCollins   Publishers. Dictionary.com. Accessed 27 Apr. 2018   

“Slang.”  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Wikimedia Foundation, The Free   Encyclopedia, Accessed 6 Mar. 2018.  

Snyder, Sharon. “Modernity.” Encyclopedia Britannica.  Encyclopedia Britannica I nc,  20 May  2016.  1 April 2018

Wang, Yong. “Study on Campus Slang from the Perspective of Semiotics.”  Theory and Practice    in Language Studies  6.3 (2016): 642-7.  ProQuest.  Web. 8 Mar. 2018.  

What is Slang in Writing? Examples, Definitions, and How to Create Them

Slang is informal language typically used by a particular group of people and consisting of words and phrases not found in standard dictionaries. It can be used to add flavor to conversations, express emotion, and make jokes. Think of words like “dope,” “lit,” or “woke.”

Slang: The Secret Language of Subcultures

Slang is like the secret handshake of language. It’s a way for people who belong to a certain group or subculture to show that they’re part of the in-crowd. From teenagers to internet communities, different groups use slang to identify with each other and create a sense of belonging. The ever-evolving nature of slang keeps it fresh and interesting, and can even make writing more engaging and relatable.

The Spice of Writing: When to Use Slang

Slang-aphobia: when not to use slang.

While slang can be a fun and engaging element in writing, there are times when it’s best to stick with standard language. Academic and professional writing, for example, usually require a more formal tone. In these cases, slang can make a piece of writing seem unprofessional or out of place. It’s also important to remember that slang might not be understood by everyone, and using it in a way that excludes or alienates readers should be avoided.

Slang can be both a blessing and a curse for writers. On one hand, it can make writing more engaging and approachable, but on the other, it can quickly become dated. Because slang terms change and evolve rapidly, a piece of writing that relies heavily on slang can quickly lose its relevance. To avoid this pitfall, use slang thoughtfully and consider whether a phrase is likely to stand the test of time.

How to Create Your Own Slang

Examples of slang in action.

By understanding and incorporating slang into writing, it’s possible to create more engaging, relatable, and authentic characters and scenarios. But remember, just like with any spice, a little goes a long way. Use slang thoughtfully and in moderation to keep writing fresh and appealing without sacrificing clarity or professionalism. And who knows, with a little creativity, you might even coin the next “dope” slang term that takes the world by storm!

About The Author

Related posts, book review: of mice and men by john steinbeck, what is chiasmus in writing examples, definitions, and how to create them, 550 awesome writing prompts: fiction and nonfiction with 11 different genres, leave a comment cancel reply.

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5.8 Slang and Idioms

Learning objectives.

• Recognize slang and idioms.
• Learn to avoid using slang and idioms in formal writing.

Words are the basis of how a reader or listener judges you, the writer and speaker. When you write an academic paper or speak in a business interview, you want to be sure to choose your words carefully. In our casual, everyday talk, we often use a lot of “ums,” “likes,” “yeahs,” and so on. This everyday language is not appropriate for formal contexts, such as academic papers and business interviews. You should switch between different ways of speaking and writing depending on whether the context is formal or informal.

Hey guys, let’s learn about slang and other cool stuff like that! It will be awesome, trust me. This section is off the hook!

What do you notice about the previous paragraph? You might notice that the language sounds informal, or casual, like someone might talk with a friend or family member. The paragraph also uses a lot of slang . Slang is a type of language that is informal and playful. It often changes over time. The slang of the past is different than the slang of today, but some slang has carried over into the present. Slang also varies by region and culture. The important thing to understand is that slang is casual talk, and you should avoid using it in formal contexts. There are literally thousands of slang words and expressions. Table 5.17 “Slang Expressions” explains just a few of the more common terms.

Table 5.17 Slang Expressions

Edit the business e-mail by replacing any slang words and phrases with more formal language.

Idioms are expressions that have a meaning different from the dictionary definitions of the individual words in the expression. Because English contains many idioms, nonnative English speakers have difficulties making logical sense of idioms and idiomatic expressions. The more you are exposed to English, however, the more idioms you will come to understand. Until then, memorizing the more common idioms may be of some help.

Table 5.18 Idioms

What if you come across an idiom that you do not understand? There are clues that can help you. They are called context clues . Context clues are words or phrases around the unknown word or phrase that may help you decipher its meaning.

Definition or explanation clue. An idiom may be explained immediately after its use.

Sentence: I felt like I was sitting on pins and needles I was so nervous .

Restatement or synonym clues. An idiom may be simplified or restated.

Sentence: The young girl felt as though she had been sent to the dog house when her mother punished her for fighting in school.

Contrast or Antonym clues. An idiom may be clarified by a contrasting phrase or antonym that is near it.

Sentence: Chynna thought the 5k marathon would be a piece of cake , but it turned out to be very difficult .

Pay attention to the signal word but , which tells the reader that an opposite thought or concept is occurring.

Key Takeaways

• Informal language is not appropriate in formal writing or speaking contexts.
• Slang and idioms might not make logical sense to nonnative speakers of English.
• It is good to be aware of slang and idioms so they do not appear in your formal writing.

Writing Application

Write a short paragraph about yourself to a friend. Write another paragraph about yourself to an employer. Examine and discuss the differences in language between the two paragraphs.

Writing for Success Copyright © 2015 by University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Top 73 Slang For Writing – Meaning & Usage

Writing, whether it’s for school assignments, creative projects, or professional purposes, has its own set of unique terms and phrases that can sometimes be confusing for beginners. But fear not! We’ve got you covered with a list of the top slang words and phrases for writing . From “word vomit” to “craptastic,” this compilation will not only help you navigate the world of writing slang but also add some fun and flair to your own writing. So grab your pens and keyboards, and get ready to up your writing game with this must-read listicle!

Click above to generate some slangs

This term is used to describe something that is exciting, impressive, or top-notch. It can be used to refer to a piece of writing that is exceptionally well-written or engaging.

• For example , “That novel was so lit, I couldn’t put it down.”
• A student might say , “I got an A+ on my essay, it was lit!”
• A writer might describe their favorite author’s work as “consistently lit.”

2. On fleek

This phrase is used to describe something that is flawless or perfectly executed. It can be used to refer to a piece of writing that is impeccably written or crafted.

• For instance , “The author’s use of metaphors in that poem was on fleek.”
• A reader might comment , “The dialogue in this novel is on fleek.”
• A writer might say , “I spent hours revising my manuscript to make sure it was on fleek.”

This word is used as a term of endearment for a romantic partner or significant other. It can also be used to refer to someone who is important or special to you.

• For example , “I dedicated my latest book to my bae.”
• A writer might say , “My characters are like bae to me, I care about them deeply.”
• A reader might comment , “The love story in this novel is so sweet, the main characters are total bae.”

This acronym stands for “fear of missing out” and is used to describe the anxiety or uneasiness that arises from the fear of not being present or involved in a particular event or experience.

• For instance , “I skipped the writing conference and now I have serious FOMO.”
• A writer might say , “I always feel FOMO when I see other authors celebrating their book releases.”
• A reader might comment , “I have serious FOMO about not reading that popular book everyone is talking about.”

This acronym stands for “you only live once” and is used as a reminder to live life to the fullest and take risks. It can be used to encourage someone to pursue their writing dreams or to justify taking a creative leap.

• For example , “I quit my job to pursue writing because YOLO.”
• A writer might say , “I decided to submit my manuscript to agents because YOLO, right?”
• A reader might comment , “I’m going to stay up all night reading this book because YOLO.”

This is an abbreviation often used to preface an honest or candid statement. It is commonly used in online conversations and social media.

• For example , “TBH, I didn’t really enjoy that movie.”
• A user might post , “TBH, I think your new haircut looks great!”
• In a discussion about personal preferences , someone might say, “TBH, I prefer tea over coffee.”

This is an abbreviation used to express disapproval, disappointment, or disbelief. It typically signifies that the person is frustrated or annoyed by something.

• For instance , “SMH, I can’t believe they cancelled the concert.”
• A user might comment , “SMH, why do people still believe in conspiracy theories?”
• In a discussion about current events , someone might say, “SMH, the state of politics these days.”

This abbreviation is used to indicate laughter or amusement. It is commonly used in online conversations and social media to express humor.

• For example , “LOL, that joke was hilarious!”
• A user might comment , “LOL, I can’t stop laughing at this meme.”
• In a funny conversation , someone might say, “LOL, you always know how to make me laugh.”

This abbreviation is used to indicate extreme laughter or amusement. It is often used in response to something that is extremely funny.

• For instance , “ROFL, that video had me in stitches!”
• A user might comment , “ROFL, I can’t breathe from laughing so hard.”
• In a hilarious conversation , someone might say, “ROFL, you’re the funniest person I know.”

This abbreviation is used to indicate a post or photo that recalls a past event or memory. It is commonly used on social media platforms, particularly on Thursdays.

• For example , “TBT to that amazing vacation I took last summer.”
• A user might post , “TBT to my high school prom. Good times!”
• In a discussion about nostalgia , someone might say, “TBT to the good old days when life was simpler.”

This is an abbreviation for “as f**k” and is used to emphasize something to an extreme degree. It is commonly used in informal writing and online communication.

• For example , “That movie was scary AF!”
• In a text conversation , someone might say, “I’m tired AF.”
• A person might describe a party as “lit AF.”

This is an abbreviation for “be right back” and is used to indicate that the person will be away from the conversation or activity temporarily and will return shortly.

• For instance , in a chat room, someone might say, “BRB, need to grab a snack.”
• In a text message , a person might inform the recipient, “BRB, gotta take a call.”
• During an online gaming session , a player might say, “BRB, my pizza just arrived.”

This is an abbreviation for “in my opinion” and is used to preface a statement or viewpoint that is based on the speaker’s personal perspective.

• For example , “IMO, the book was better than the movie.”
• In a discussion forum , a user might start a post with, “IMO, the new album is a masterpiece.”
• A person might say , “IMO, pineapple doesn’t belong on pizza.”

This is an abbreviation for “I don’t know” and is used to express uncertainty or lack of knowledge about a particular subject.

• For instance , in a text conversation, someone might respond with “IDK” when asked a question.
• In a group discussion , a person might say, “IDK, let’s look it up.”
• A student might write on a test , “IDK the answer to this question.”

This is an abbreviation for “oh my god” and is used to express surprise, excitement, or disbelief.

• For example , “OMG, I can’t believe we won the game!”
• In a text conversation , someone might respond with “OMG” when they receive exciting news.
• A person might exclaim , “OMG, that concert was amazing!”

Used to indicate that someone has shared more personal or unnecessary details than desired. It’s often used in a humorous or sarcastic way.

• For example , “I don’t need to know about your digestive issues, TMI!”
• A person might comment on a social media post , “TMI, keep it to yourself.”
• In a conversation , someone might say, “Okay, TMI, I didn’t need to hear about your dating history.”

Originally used in gaming to indicate a victory or accomplishment, it has evolved to be used in a broader sense to express enthusiasm or support for something.

• For instance , “I just got a promotion at work, FTW!”
• A person might comment on a post about a delicious recipe , “That looks amazing, FTW!”
• In a discussion about favorite movies , someone might say, “The Shawshank Redemption is the best film of all time, FTW!”

Used to indicate that someone needs to leave or end a conversation. It’s a quick and informal way of saying goodbye.

• For example , “Sorry, GTG, I have a meeting to attend.”
• In a text message , someone might say, “Just remembered I have an appointment, GTG.”
• A person might comment on a chat group , “I’ve enjoyed chatting, but I GTG now.”

Used to indicate that something is extremely funny. It’s an exaggerated way of expressing laughter.

• For instance , “That joke was hilarious, LMAO!”
• A person might comment on a funny video , “I can’t stop laughing, LMAO.”
• In a conversation , someone might say, “You have to watch this comedy special, LMAO guaranteed!”

Used to indicate that something is not important or significant. It’s often used to downplay a situation or reassure someone.

• For example , “I forgot to bring my lunch, but NBD, I’ll just buy something.”
• A person might comment on a minor mistake , “You made a typo, NBD, it happens.”
• In a conversation , someone might say, “I can’t make it to the party, NBD, we’ll catch up another time.”

An acronym used in casual texting or messaging to ask someone what they are currently doing. It’s a way to check in or start a conversation.

• For example , a friend might text, “Hey, wyd tonight?”
• When someone responds with “Just chilling at home , “Just chilling at home,” another person might reply, “Same, wyd tomorrow?”
• A person might also use this acronym humorously , saying, “I’m saving the world from boredom. WYD?”

An acronym used in casual texting or messaging to ask someone for their opinion or response. It’s a way to continue a conversation or show interest in the other person.

• For instance , a friend might ask, “I’m going to the movies tonight, hbu?”
• When someone shares their plans , another person might respond, “Sounds fun! Hbu, any movie recommendations?”
• A person might also use this acronym to inquire about someone’s well-being , saying, “I’m good, hbu? Everything going well?”

An acronym used to distinguish between online or virtual interactions and interactions that occur in person. It’s a way to refer to activities or events that happen outside of the digital realm.

• For example , someone might say, “I met my online friend irl for the first time yesterday!”
• When discussing a virtual event , a person might mention, “The conference was held online, but I hope to attend it irl next year.”
• A person might also use this acronym humorously , saying, “I’m a pro gamer online, but irl I can’t even beat my little sister at Mario Kart.”

In the context of writing, “ship” refers to supporting or wanting a romantic relationship between two characters in a story. It is often used by fans to express their desire for a particular pairing.

• For example , “I ship Hermione and Ron from Harry Potter.”
• A fan might say , “I can’t help but ship these two characters. They have such great chemistry.”
• In a discussion about a TV show , someone might ask, “Who do you ship on this show?”

25. Squad goals

This phrase is used to describe a group of friends or colleagues who are seen as the epitome of friendship or success. It represents the goals or aspirations that others have for their own group.

• For instance , “Taylor Swift and her squad are total squad goals.”
• A person might say , “I want a group of friends like that. They’re total squad goals.”
• In a social media post , someone might caption a photo with their friends, “Living our best lives. #squadgoals”

A selfie is a self-portrait photograph taken with a smartphone or camera, typically shared on social media. It is often used to capture a moment or to show off one’s appearance.

• For example , “I took a selfie at the beach.”
• A person might say , “I need to take a selfie for my profile picture.”
• In a conversation about social media , someone might mention, “Selfies have become a popular form of self-expression.”

In the context of writing, “swag” refers to a person’s style, confidence, or charisma. It can also refer to promotional items or freebies given out at events or conferences.

• For instance , “He walked into the room with so much swag.”
• A person might say , “I love her outfit. She has great swag.”
• In a discussion about a conference , someone might mention, “I got some cool swag at that event.”

Lit AF is an abbreviation for “lit as f***,” with “lit” meaning something is extremely cool or exciting. It is often used to describe a piece of writing that is highly engaging or entertaining.

• For example , “This book is lit AF. I couldn’t put it down.”
• A person might say , “That movie was lit AF. I was on the edge of my seat the whole time.”
• In a conversation about a concert , someone might exclaim, “The performance last night was lit AF. The energy was incredible.”

In the context of writing, “goals” refers to the specific targets or objectives that a writer sets for themselves. It can include things like word count, deadlines, or specific achievements the writer wants to accomplish in their writing.

• For example , a writer might say, “My goal for this month is to write 10,000 words.”
• Another might set a goal of finishing a chapter by the end of the week.
• In a writing group , someone might ask, “What are your goals for this project?”

In writing, “savage” is used to describe a piece of writing that is particularly harsh, critical, or brutally honest. It often involves strong language or a direct and unfiltered approach to expressing opinions or observations.

• For instance , a book review might say, “The author’s critique of society is savage and unapologetic.”
• In a blog post , a writer might write, “I’m going to be savage in my analysis of this film.”
• A writer might describe their own work as savage , saying, “I didn’t hold back in my latest article. It’s pretty savage.”

31. Clap back

In writing, “clap back” refers to a response, often witty or clever, to criticism or insults. It involves defending oneself or retaliating in a way that shuts down the original criticism.

• For example , a writer might say, “I had to clap back at the negative comments on my article.”
• In a social media post , someone might write, “She really knows how to clap back at her haters.”
• A writer might describe a character in their story as someone who always has a great clap back.

In writing, “tea” is slang for gossip or information, often about a person or situation. It can refer to juicy details or insider knowledge that is shared with others.

• For instance , a writer might say, “I’ve got some tea about the latest celebrity scandal.”
• In a blog post , someone might write, “Let me spill the tea on what really happened at that event.”
• A writer might use the term in a story , saying, “The main character overheard some tea about her best friend.”

In writing, “flex” refers to showing off or boasting about one’s achievements, skills, or possessions. It can involve highlighting accomplishments or demonstrating superiority in a particular area.

• For example , a writer might say, “I’m going to flex my writing skills in this upcoming competition.”
• In a blog post , someone might write, “Let me flex my knowledge on this topic.”
• A writer might describe a character in their story as someone who always likes to flex their wealth or success.

This term originated in African American Vernacular English (AAVE) and refers to being aware of the social and political issues affecting marginalized communities. It has since been adopted by wider society.

• For example , “I just watched a documentary that really opened my eyes. I feel so woke now.”
• A person discussing social justice might say , “It’s important to stay woke and fight against systemic racism.”
• Another might comment , “I used to be ignorant about these issues, but now I’m woke and actively working to make a difference.”

35. Penning

This term is often used to describe the act of writing or composing a piece of written work. It can refer to anything from writing a letter to writing a novel.

• For instance , a writer might say, “I spent the whole day penning a new chapter for my book.”
• In a discussion about poetry , someone might mention, “I enjoy penning heartfelt verses in my free time.”
• A journalist might say , “I have been penning articles for this magazine for over a decade.”

36. Scribbling

Scribbling refers to the act of writing quickly and carelessly, often without paying attention to neatness or legibility. It can also refer to jotting down rough notes or ideas.

• For example , a student might say, “I was scribbling down notes during the lecture, but I can barely read them now.”
• A writer might comment , “I like to start my writing process by scribbling down random thoughts and ideas.”
• Someone might say , “I scribbled a reminder on a sticky note so I wouldn’t forget to buy milk.”

37. Jotting

Jotting refers to the act of quickly writing down notes or ideas, usually in a concise or abbreviated form. It is often used when taking quick reminders or making brief records.

• For instance , a student might say, “I was jotting down key points from the lecture so I could review them later.”
• During a brainstorming session , someone might suggest, “Let’s all start jotting down our ideas on the whiteboard.”
• A writer might comment , “I always keep a notebook nearby for jotting down any interesting thoughts that come to mind.”

38. Crafting

Crafting refers to the act of creating or constructing something with skill and precision. In the context of writing, it can refer to the careful construction of sentences, paragraphs, or entire pieces of written work.

• For example , a writer might say, “I spent hours crafting the perfect opening sentence for my novel.”
• In a discussion about poetry , someone might comment, “I enjoy the art of crafting words into beautiful verses.”
• A journalist might say , “Crafting a well-researched and engaging article requires attention to detail and strong writing skills.”

39. Composing

This term refers to the act of creating or writing a piece of written work. It can be used to describe the process of putting together a song, a poem, an essay, or any other form of written composition.

• For example , a music composer might say, “I spent hours composing this symphony.”
• A writer might mention , “I am currently composing a novel.”
• In a discussion about writing techniques , someone might ask, “What strategies do you use when composing a persuasive essay?”

40. Drafting

Drafting is the process of creating a rough version or preliminary form of a piece of writing. It involves putting ideas and thoughts onto paper without worrying too much about grammar, structure, or polish.

• For instance , a student might say, “I need to start drafting my research paper.”
• A writer might mention , “I always find the drafting stage to be the most challenging.”
• In a writing workshop , an instructor might advise, “Don’t worry about perfection during the drafting phase. Just get your ideas down.”

Typing refers to the act of entering text into a computer or other electronic device using a keyboard. It is commonly used when referring to the process of writing or inputting information digitally.

• For example , a student might say, “I’m tired of typing this long essay.”
• A writer might mention , “I prefer typing my stories rather than handwriting them.”
• In a discussion about productivity , someone might recommend, “Invest in a good keyboard if you do a lot of typing.”

42. Texting

Texting is a term used to describe the act of sending text messages using a mobile phone or other electronic device. While it is commonly associated with casual conversations, it can also be used for more formal or professional communication.

• For instance , a teenager might say, “I was texting my friend all night.”
• A professional might mention , “I often use texting as a quick way to communicate with colleagues.”
• In a discussion about technology , someone might ask, “Do you prefer texting or calling?”

43. Blogging

Blogging refers to the act of writing and publishing articles or posts on a blog. It is a popular form of online writing that allows individuals to share their thoughts, expertise, or experiences with a wider audience.

• For example , a blogger might say, “I’ve been blogging for years and have built a loyal following.”
• A writer might mention , “I started blogging as a way to showcase my writing.”
• In a discussion about online platforms , someone might ask, “Do you prefer blogging or vlogging?”

44. Copying

Copying refers to the act of taking someone else’s work or ideas and presenting them as your own. It is considered plagiarism and is generally frowned upon in the writing community.

• For example , a teacher might say, “Copying someone else’s essay is a serious offense and can result in disciplinary action.”
• A writer discussing ethics might argue , “Copying undermines the originality and creativity that is valued in writing.”
• In a conversation about academic integrity , someone might ask, “Is it considered copying if I paraphrase someone else’s work without giving credit?”

45. Editing

Editing involves reviewing and making changes to a piece of writing to improve its clarity, coherence, and overall quality. It includes tasks such as revising, proofreading, and correcting errors.

• For instance , a writer might say, “I spent hours editing my novel to make sure the plot flowed smoothly.”
• In a writing workshop , a peer might provide feedback by saying, “I think this paragraph needs some editing to make the message clearer.”
• A professional editor might be hired to edit a manuscript before it is published.

46. Proofreading

Proofreading is the process of carefully reviewing a written text to identify and correct errors in spelling, grammar, punctuation, and formatting. It is the final step before publishing or submitting a piece of writing.

• For example , a student might say, “I always proofread my essays before turning them in to catch any mistakes.”
• A writer might ask a friend , “Can you proofread this article for me and make sure there are no typos?”
• A proofreader might mark up a document with corrections and suggest changes to improve readability.

47. Rewriting

Rewriting involves making significant changes to a piece of writing, often with the goal of improving its structure, style, or content. It can include reorganizing paragraphs, clarifying ideas, or adding new information.

• For instance , a writer might say, “I had to rewrite the ending of my story because it didn’t have enough impact.”
• In a writing workshop , a peer might suggest, “You should consider rewriting this section to provide more context.”
• An editor might request a rewrite of an article to align it with the publication’s style or tone.

48. Storytelling

Storytelling refers to the art of conveying a narrative or story through written or spoken words. It involves engaging the audience, creating compelling characters, and developing a plot that captivates the reader.

• For example , a writer might say, “I love storytelling because it allows me to transport readers to different worlds.”
• In a discussion about effective marketing , someone might say, “Storytelling is a powerful tool for connecting with customers and creating emotional connections.”
• A teacher might encourage students by saying , “Focus on the storytelling aspect of your writing to make it more engaging and memorable.”

49. Scripting

Scripting refers to the act of writing a script or screenplay for a play, movie, or television show.

• For example , “He spent months scripting his first feature film.”
• In a discussion about the writing process , one might say, “Scripting is a crucial step in developing a compelling story.”
• A screenwriter might offer advice like , “When scripting dialogue, it’s important to give each character a unique voice.”

50. Penmanship

Penmanship refers to a person’s handwriting skill or style, especially when it is considered neat, artistic, or elegant.

• For instance , “Her penmanship is so beautiful, it looks like calligraphy.”
• In a discussion about the decline of handwriting , one might say, “The art of penmanship is being lost in the digital age.”
• A teacher might encourage students by saying , “Focus on improving your penmanship to make your work more legible.”

51. Manuscripting

Manuscripting refers to the act of writing a manuscript, which is a document or book that is written by hand or typed.

• For example , “She spent years manuscripting her debut novel.”
• In a conversation about the publishing process , one might say, “Manuscripting is just the first step in getting a book published.”
• An author might offer advice like , “When manuscripting, it’s important to revise and edit your work before submitting it.”

52. Journaling

Journaling refers to the act of keeping a personal journal or diary, where individuals write about their thoughts, experiences, and emotions.

• For instance , “She finds solace in journaling her daily thoughts and reflections.”
• In a discussion about mental health , one might say, “Journaling can be a therapeutic practice for processing emotions.”
• A life coach might suggest , “Try journaling as a way to track your progress and set goals.”

53. Note-taking

Note-taking refers to the act of writing down information, such as key points, during a lecture, meeting, or any other situation where important information is being shared.

• For example , “He excels at note-taking and always has comprehensive notes to refer back to.”
• In a conversation about effective study habits , one might say, “Good note-taking skills can greatly enhance learning.”
• A student might offer advice like , “When note-taking, focus on capturing the main ideas and key details rather than trying to write everything down.”

54. Reporting

Reporting refers to the act of gathering information and presenting it in a news article or story. It is a fundamental aspect of journalism and involves researching, interviewing, and fact-checking.

• For example , a reporter might say, “I’m currently working on reporting a breaking news story.”
• In a newsroom , a journalist might ask, “Who’s reporting on the press conference tomorrow?”
• A news article might start with the sentence , “According to recent reports, the economy is showing signs of improvement.”

55. Ghostwriting

Ghostwriting is the act of writing a piece of content on behalf of someone else who is credited as the author. The ghostwriter’s name does not appear on the work, and they are typically hired to write books, articles, speeches, or other written material.

• For instance, a famous author might hire a ghostwriter to write their autobiography.
• A celebrity might use a ghostwriter to write their social media posts or blog entries.
• A ghostwriter might say , “I specialize in ghostwriting memoirs for public figures.”

56. Screenwriting

Screenwriting is the art and craft of writing scripts for movies, television shows, or other visual media. It involves creating dialogue, developing characters, and crafting a compelling story that can be translated onto the screen.

• For example , a screenwriter might say, “I just finished my latest screenwriting project for a new TV series.”
• In a film production meeting , someone might ask, “Who’s the screenwriter for this movie?”
• A screenwriting workshop might focus on techniques for writing effective dialogue.

57. Fictionalizing

Fictionalizing is the process of taking real events, people, or situations and transforming them into fictional stories. It often involves changing names, locations, and details to create a work of fiction.

• For instance , a writer might say, “I’m currently fictionalizing my own experiences from traveling.”
• In a creative writing class, the instructor might encourage students to try fictionalizing a personal anecdote.
• A novelist might explain , “I enjoy fictionalizing historical events to bring them to life in a new way.”

58. Documenting

Documenting refers to the act of recording or capturing details, often in a written form. It involves taking notes, keeping records, or creating a written account of events, experiences, or observations.

• For example , a journalist might say, “I’ve been documenting the protests for the past week.”
• In a research study, the researchers might document their findings in a scientific report.
• A travel writer might document their adventures in a travel journal.

59. Expressing

This term refers to the act of conveying thoughts, feelings, or ideas through writing. It emphasizes the process of transforming internal thoughts into written form.

• For example , a writer might say, “I love expressing my creativity through poetry.”
• In a writing workshop , a participant might comment, “Your essay does a great job of expressing your point of view.”
• A teacher might encourage students by saying , “Keep expressing yourself through your writing; it’s a powerful tool.”

60. Memoir-ing

This term is used to describe the act of writing a memoir, which is a literary genre that focuses on personal experiences and memories.

• For instance , a writer might say, “I’ve been memoir-ing about my childhood lately.”
• In a book club discussion , someone might recommend, “If you enjoy memoir-ing, you should read this author’s latest book.”
• A memoirist might share , “Memoir-ing has allowed me to reflect on my past and gain a deeper understanding of myself.”

61. Essaying

This term refers to the process of writing an essay, which is a piece of writing that presents a focused argument or analysis on a specific topic.

• For example , a student might say, “I’m essaying on the topic of climate change for my final paper.”
• In a writing class , an instructor might provide guidance by saying, “Remember to structure your essay clearly when essaying.”
• A writer might discuss their approach to essaying by saying , “I like to start with a strong thesis statement when crafting my essays.”

62. Jotting down

This term describes the act of quickly writing something, often in a brief and informal manner.

• For instance , a writer might say, “I had a great idea for a story, so I quickly jotted it down.”
• In a brainstorming session , someone might suggest, “Let’s all jot down our ideas on sticky notes.”
• A writer might explain their process by saying , “I like to jot down my thoughts before they slip away, and then expand on them later.”

63. Putting words on paper

This term emphasizes the action of physically writing or typing words onto paper or a digital document.

• For example , a writer might say, “I find it therapeutic to put my thoughts into words on paper.”
• In a writing workshop , someone might comment, “Your writing really comes alive when you put words on paper.”
• A writer might discuss their routine by saying , “I make sure to set aside time each day to put words on paper and let my ideas flow.”

64. Authoring

Authoring refers to the act of writing a book or other literary work. It is the process of creating and developing a written piece of work, usually with the intention of publication or distribution.

• For example , “She spent months authoring her debut novel.”
• In a discussion about the writing process , someone might say, “Authoring a book requires dedication, creativity, and discipline.”
• A writer might ask , “What are some tips for authoring a successful memoir?”

65. Creating prose

Creating prose is the act of writing in a creative and artistic manner. It involves using language and literary techniques to convey thoughts, emotions, and ideas in a way that is beautiful, engaging, and impactful.

• For instance , “She excels at creating prose that touches the hearts of readers.”
• In a workshop on writing , an instructor might say, “Today, we will focus on techniques for creating prose that captivates the reader.”
• A writer might seek feedback by asking , “How can I improve my skills in creating prose?”

66. Word-smithing

Word-smithing refers to the skillful and creative use of words in writing. It involves carefully selecting and arranging words to convey meaning, evoke emotions, and create a desired impact on the reader.

• For example , “His word-smithing abilities are evident in the powerful imagery of his poetry.”
• In a discussion about writing techniques , someone might say, “Word-smithing is an essential skill for crafting compelling narratives.”
• A writer might seek advice by asking , “What are some strategies for improving word-smithing skills?”

67. Copywriting

Copywriting is the act of writing persuasive and engaging content for marketing purposes. It involves creating promotional materials, advertisements, and other written content that aims to attract and persuade the target audience.

• For instance , “She has a talent for copywriting that drives sales and conversions.”
• In a marketing meeting , someone might say, “We need a copywriter to create compelling content for our new product launch.”
• A copywriter might ask , “What are some effective strategies for copywriting in the digital age?”

68. Freelancing

Freelancing refers to working as a self-employed writer or contractor. It involves offering writing services on a project-by-project basis, often for multiple clients or publications.

• For example , “She enjoys the freedom and flexibility of freelancing as a writer.”
• In a discussion about career options , someone might say, “Freelancing can be a viable path for writers seeking independence and variety.”
• A writer considering freelancing might ask , “What are some tips for building a successful freelance writing business?”

69. Journalism

Journalism refers to the profession or practice of gathering, assessing, creating, and presenting news and information. It involves researching, interviewing, and writing news stories for various media outlets.

• For example , “I have a degree in journalism and work for a local newspaper.”
• A journalist might say , “I’m passionate about investigative journalism and uncovering the truth.”
• In a discussion about media ethics , someone might argue, “Journalism should prioritize objectivity and unbiased reporting.”

70. Penning a masterpiece

This phrase is used to describe the act of writing something of exceptional quality or brilliance. It implies that the writer is creating a masterpiece or a highly impressive piece of literature.

• For instance , “She spent years penning a masterpiece that would become a classic.”
• A writer might say , “I aspire to pen a masterpiece that will leave a lasting impact on readers.”
• In a writing workshop , someone might offer feedback like, “Your story has the potential to be a true masterpiece.”

71. Scribbling ideas

Scribbling ideas refers to the act of quickly writing down thoughts or notes, often in a hasty or informal manner. It implies a spontaneous or creative process of generating ideas.

• For example , “I like to carry a notebook with me for scribbling ideas whenever inspiration strikes.”
• A writer might say , “I spent hours scribbling ideas for my next novel.”
• In a brainstorming session , someone might suggest, “Let’s take a few minutes to scribble down our ideas on paper.”

72. Doodling

Doodling refers to the act of drawing or sketching aimlessly, often while preoccupied or deep in thought. It involves creating spontaneous and often repetitive patterns, shapes, or images.

• For instance , “I find it helps me concentrate when I’m doodling during meetings.”
• An artist might say , “Doodling allows me to explore different ideas and experiment with new techniques.”
• In a discussion about creativity , someone might argue, “Doodling can actually enhance focus and generate new ideas.”

73. Penciling in

Penciling in refers to the act of scheduling or making tentative plans. It implies that the activity or event is not yet confirmed or finalized, and may be subject to change.

• For example , “I’m penciling in a meeting for next Monday, but it’s not set in stone yet.”
• A busy individual might say , “I need to pencil in some time for self-care amidst my packed schedule.”
• In a conversation about organizing events , someone might suggest, “Let’s pencil in a date for the party and confirm the details later.”

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Twenty-Five Common and Current English Slang Words

There’s English, and then there’s English slang. Don’t feel discouraged if you aren’t familiar with the latter. We will review 25 commonly used slang words and provide example sentences to show you exactly how to use them.

Table of Contents

Speaking fluently means understanding slang, what is “slang”, list of slang words.

Some More About Slang

So, you’ve studied English vocabulary fervently. You’ve even done the unthinkable and made sense of the endless number of grammar rules. You’ve made it. “I’m a fluent English speaker,” you say to yourself.

Until one day, someone comes up to you and says, “Are you okay? You’re high-key acting sus , no cap .” Before you can decipher that sentence, he continues, “We’re all vibing over here, but we low-key want to know what’s the tea.” You flail your arms in dismay and give up learning English.

But it doesn’t have to be that way. What you’ve just run into is slang . And trust us when we say, there’s a lot more where that came from.

Learning English slang words is just like learning any other type of word—it takes practice and familiarization. That’s why we’ve compiled a list of current terms commonly used in everyday English. We’ll tell you what they mean and give you example sentences to show you how to use them correctly.

This list will make you a more fluent English speaker, no cap.

Slang is an informal type of vocabulary used in casual conversations and recognized and understood by certain groups of people. For example, there can be teenage slang, business slang , sport-specific slang, and many other types.

Slang varies based on location and demographic. The slang you hear in the United States may differ significantly from that which you hear in the United Kingdom, Australia, or Canada.

Moreover, the slang you encounter in the United States can also vary based on region. You may be familiar with southern slang, but not mid-western slang.

The list below can be loosely defined as general American slang . In other words, it’s the type of slang that’s popular in pop culture and mainstream media.

It’s a good idea to learn some English slang words because you never know when you’ll come across them. Even if you don’t use it yourself because you prefer formal vocabulary, knowing what specific slang terms mean can help you avoid misunderstandings.

We should note that many words in this list have formal definitions separate from their slang meaning. In other words, some words below can be used as slang, but they’re also used with their original meaning. The list focuses only on their slang usage.

Bet is used as a way to confirm or agree with something. Consider it a synonym for okay or sounds good.

—Can you pick up Joshua in an hour? — Bet , I’ll be there.

Boujee (also spelled bougie ) is mostly used as an adjective describing something extravagant, luxurious, or of high-class taste.

Boujee can also describe a person who is materialistic, pretentious, or who prioritizes an upscale lifestyle.

Keep in mind that context matters when using the term boujee. It can be employed in a positive and friendly way, but it can also carry a negative connotation and judgmental tone.

We were looking for a local bar, but the one we ended up at was much more boujee than we had hoped for.

To curve someone is to dismiss someone’s flirtatious advances or expressions of interest. In other words, if someone is flirting with you, and you tell them you have a boyfriend or girlfriend, you’ve curved them.

Nathaniel tried to meet a girl at the party, but he said they all curved him.

DM is an abbreviation for direct message. It refers to a private message sent via a social media platform like Facebook or X (formerly known as Twitter).

I can’t talk right now, but send me a DM, and I’ll catch up with you later.

Furthermore, to slide into someone’s DMs is to send someone a flirty message via social media in hopes of starting a romantic relationship.

I slid into her DMs and asked for her number.

To be extra means to be dramatic or behave in an excessive way. For example, if you start crying because your favorite meal at a restaurant has sold out, one might say you’re being extra.

You don’t have to go to the emergency room for a simple headache, Luis. You’re being a little extra .

To flex means to show off or brag about one’s accomplishments, possessions, or abilities. It’s frequently used to describe someone who is trying to impress others.

I don’t want to flex , but my new job is paying me three times as much as my old one.

To ghost someone is to abruptly cut off all communication with them, especially if they were a potential romantic interest. Ghosting not only means you no longer talk to someone, but you disappear unexpectedly.

I thought things were going well between us, but she ended up ghosting me.

8. High-key

To express something high-key means to do so in a way that is open, obvious, and apparent. Think of it as an informal synonym for really.

It’s also used to add emphasis. If someone says, “I high-key want to watch the Barbie movie,” that means they aren’t ashamed of wanting to watch it. If, after they watch it, they say, “I high-key loved that movie,” that means they truly enjoyed it.

I high-key want to organize a charity run to raise money for the local shelter.

9. I’m dead

I’m dead is a slang phrase conveying extreme shock, amusement, disbelief, or surprise. It’s a hyperbolic way of reacting to something funny or shocking.

If you tell someone a funny joke, and they respond with “I’m dead,” that’s equivalent to them saying that it was so funny they were going to “die” of laughter.

I’m dead —I can’t believe I accidentally ruined the surprise party I’ve been planning for months.

In the slang world, jacked has a few different meanings. Currently, it’s used to describe someone who is physically strong and muscular. Someone who is considered jacked spends a lot of time at the gym working on their strength and physical appearance.

Have you been working out? You looked jacked !

L is used as a synonym for loss or failure . If your favorite soccer team lost by five goals, you can say they took a massive L.

I barely studied, so I was ready to take an L on the exam.

Lit is often utilized to describe something as extremely exciting and enjoyable. A party where all your friends are having a good time can be considered lit.

Additionally, you can use lit as an adjective to describe a person who is lively, enthusiastic, and maybe even slightly intoxicated.

How is it over there? Is it lit , or should I just go home instead?

13. Low-key

Low-key is the opposite of high-key (#8 in this list). It’s used to express something in a secretive, subtle, or understated manner. If someone says something and precedes it with low-key, that means they want to keep it discreet.

Don’t tell anyone, but I low-key like this song.

When someone says no cap, that means they are being honest. It’s typically employed to indicate that a sentence or clause just spoken is free of any lies. Think of it as another way to say “seriously.”

This is the most beautiful house I’ve ever seen, no cap .

Think of cap as meaning “lie.” Therefore, if someone says that’s cap, it means, that’s a lie.

15. Rent-free

The complete phrase is usually living in someone’s mind rent-free. That means someone is excessively preoccupied with something to the extent that they can’t stop thinking about it.

Imagine you owned an apartment and had a tenant living there who was not paying rent. Why would you tolerate that, right? Why not just kick out the tenant from the apartment or the thought from your mind?

Why are you letting that situation live in your head rent-free ? It happened months ago!

Rizz is short for charisma and refers to someone’s ability to be incredibly charming and well-liked. To have rizz is to be able to effortlessly talk to people, often in a flirtatious manner.

You’re so good with the ladies! Where did you get all that rizz ?

Savage is a term used to describe someone or something bold or fierce. Someone who is savage is audacious and unapologetic about it. It can also describe someone assertive or witty.

I can’t believe you said that. That was a savage comeback.

Simp describes someone (typically a man) as excessively attentive, submissive, or affectionate to someone (usually a woman).

It’s generally used as a derogatory term to insult someone for going to great lengths to gain someone’s favor.

Be careful not to use this word, as it can be incredibly demeaning.

I blocked him on social media because he kept calling me a simp whenever I showed any form of affection towards my wife.

Slay is often used as an enthusiastic and supportive phrase when someone is excelling in a particular area. It’s utilized to praise someone’s appearance, accomplishments, or skills.

Yes, girl, slay ! You look so good in that dress.

He totally slayed that performance.

You were slaying up there!

There are fans, and then there are stans.

A stan is someone who is an extremely enthusiastic and dedicated fan of a celebrity, artist, or other type of well-known person. Stan can be applied to describe someone who is a bit overzealous, or maybe even obsessed, with a public figure.

I’m such a stan for Harry Styles, and I have no shame about it!

Sus is short for “suspicious” or “suspect.” When you refer to someone as sus, it indicates that you are skeptical about their intentions, behavior, or actions. Someone who is sus is questionable and possibly deceitful.

I don’t believe that happened. That story sounds kind of sus to me.

You’re being so sus . Is everything okay?

Tea means “gossip.” So, when someone says, spill the tea , they are asking you to share the fun and sometimes scandalous information about a specific topic.

I heard he has a new girlfriend. Do you know about that? Give me the tea !

She says she has some tea about last night’s party.

23. Thirsty

To be thirsty is to crave attention from someone else romantically. It’s commonly employed in a critical manner to describe someone who is overly eager or desperate for attention.

However, it’s also sometimes used more broadly to refer to an individual seeking validation or approval in various social situations.

Stop commenting on all her pictures. You’re being so thirsty !

There’s no need to feel like you have to impress anyone here, so don’t be thirsty or anything like that.

To be vibing means to be in a good or relaxed mood. Vibing implies a sense of positivity and harmony with one’s surroundings.

We’re just having a good time, vibing and listening to music.

I met someone and we’re really vibing .

W is the opposite of an L (#12 on our list).

Essentially, a W is short for “win” and represents a triumph or accomplishment. It’s used playfully and lightheartedly to acknowledge success or something positive.

Keep in mind that while “L” can be used in written and verbal communication, “W” is usually reserved for written text. It’s not common to hear someone say “W” in speech.

We got first place in the air fair. That’s a big W for us!

Some More About “Slang”

There you have it—a list of current English slang words so that you can be ready next time someone hits you with a sentence like, “She said you high-key have a lot of rizz and that you two were vibing. ”

There are a few things to keep in mind about slang.

• Slang is ever-evolving. A word can have one meaning today, and a completely different one in a few years.
• That also means that there’s an endless list of terms, including outdated slang, and slang that’s yet to be created!
• It’s important to note that it should only be used in informal and casual situations. You should avoid slang when interacting with your boss or in any other professional setting. This can be tricky if you tend to use slang often, so make sure you use LanguageTool as your writing assistant, as it can suggest more formal wording in your text.

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The Increasing Diversity of Slang and Its Effects Essay

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Origin of slang

The adoption of slang in society, perception of slang in society.

Current conversations are filled with linguistic differences that are characterized by unique speech and language patterns. Most of the unique utterances in casual conversations can be termed as slang. Slang is the term used by a majority of people in reference to poor grammar and choice of vocabulary. While it is easy to identify the application of informal language in other people’s conversations, studies suggest that most people actually use slang on a daily basis, since it is often considered part of the normal and accepted language. In addition, most people are quick to judge the use of slang by other people, yet they fail to contemplate how the society perceives their own use of slang, which they claim to be acceptable language, especially when used in a setting with diverse social backgrounds.

Besides the personal opinion of formal and informal dialect, slang is also a function of race, gender, income, and region, among other factors that influence and identify with societal and socioeconomic stereotypes. Each social group employs a certain type of slang, whereby all members of the group are able to identify with each other owing to their unique diction and grammar. Over the years, the popularity of slang as a defining trait has continued to grow. This diversity of language has, in turn, led to more bad than good, including heightened social and class separations.

Slang has its origins in social circles including cliques of minorities, teenagers, and soldiers. However, recent trends have indicated that slang is no longer limited to small groups, with some informal terms expanding across age groups and societies to become accepted as standard language. Some types of slang, like “y’ all” instead of “all of you” and “the bees knees” instead of “that’s great” have actually become fashionable in most South American social environs, and most people have become accustomed to hearing and using them in their daily conversations. Despite the adoption of some terms at societal level, the use of slang is yet to transcend geographical barriers. For instance, the use of the informal phrases provided earlier is acceptable in certain regions of America, though some sections of the US perceive it as uneducated and unacceptable.

The regional acceptance of slang can be attributed to the fact that it originates from a specific cultural or socioeconomic group, which makes it acceptable to that particular society, and not necessarily other areas. African-American diction, for instance, employs a certain kind of slang that is common in city areas. While African American linguistics has had a massive impact on contemporary conversational language, it is still not accepted by lots of communities. The use of words like “playa” to refer to men with multiple sexual partners, or “bitch” as a derogatory term for prostitutes is often considered improper in most scenarios for a majority of social circles. However, less offensive words like “ride”, “bling” and “holla” are often frowned upon by certain groups of people, terming them as uneducated and low-class.

Slang is most prevalent among the youth, especially teenagers, who freely include phrases like “dude” and “Let’s Bounce” in their day-to-day colloquial speech. While adolescents use their kind of slang to provide a sense of belonging, most adults and the media often mimic it and associate with immaturity, unintelligence, and irresponsibility. For adolescents, the use of slang words and phrases serves as an indicator of both knowhow and interest in a certain peer group, which provides them with a sense of social superiority and mutual acknowledgment. Much of the slang used by muddle-class white adolescents includes a blend of diction borrowed from African American speech and American west coast surfer.

On the surface, slang looks like an incredible language that is full of creativity and originality. However, all the words used in slang are deliberately borrowed from specific sources. For example, the slang used by American youth is consistent with the speech used by urban African Americans, which the former associate with masculinity and strength. Furthermore, American youth borrow some diction from the west cost to portray “coolness”, using words like “chill” and “like’. Youth is an incredible motivator for the development and growth of slang, not only as a way for their generation to be associated with a certain slang vocabulary, but also to rebuff the slang used by older generations as “uncool’ and outdated.

Studies suggest that people have the tendency to overlook their opinions regarding the use of some slang vocabulary, but have no way of ignoring its existence. This is because human beings tend to subject all words and phrases that they hear to extensive scrutiny, whether consciously or unconsciously, replaying them in their minds as they try to figure out whether those words are acceptable. Acceptability in this case refers to the level of comprehension offered by the new slang term, or the ease of integrating it in normal speech.

The main discrimination towards slang is attributed to decades of continuous association of slang with lazy, stupid and disrespectful talk; a notion that is ingrained in people’s minds from a young age, as both teachers and parents discourage children from incorporating slang in normal speech, and instead, encourage them to use proper grammar and mature social skills. Yet, people continue to use slang in informal and even formal conversations, mostly because it comprises shorter words that do not only sound witty when conversing with peers, but also provide a comfortable way of speaking.

Individuals tend to associate slang with their roots, peers and community, where they cultivate a sense of familiarity and attachment to the language. This makes it easy for them to easily associate with other people who use similar slang vocabulary. However, the harmony that grows within a certain community also tends to draw those members further away from other societies, which is the primary reason why slang is perceived negatively when it is not one’s own, or used in a different context than one is used to.

A common perception regarding slang is that it is an inferior form of speech with lower prestige compared to Standard English. Furthermore, slang is considered as one of the many features of individuals with low status and minimal power of responsibility. This perception spreads to the workplace, whereby people with a certain dialect are considered to be unintelligent and disrespectful. The situation becomes extremely detrimental when a person’s speech becomes a marker for their race and status, making prejudice a serious problem posed by the use of slang.

The truth about slang is that it is a feature of all socioeconomic backgrounds and regions. Slang is a fun way of communication, and it is unfortunate that it drives societies apart, much like people of a particular political or religious inclination tend to gravitate towards each other.

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IvyPanda. (2020, May 28). The Increasing Diversity of Slang and Its Effects. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-increasing-diversity-of-slang-and-its-effects/

"The Increasing Diversity of Slang and Its Effects." IvyPanda , 28 May 2020, ivypanda.com/essays/the-increasing-diversity-of-slang-and-its-effects/.

IvyPanda . (2020) 'The Increasing Diversity of Slang and Its Effects'. 28 May.

IvyPanda . 2020. "The Increasing Diversity of Slang and Its Effects." May 28, 2020. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-increasing-diversity-of-slang-and-its-effects/.

1. IvyPanda . "The Increasing Diversity of Slang and Its Effects." May 28, 2020. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-increasing-diversity-of-slang-and-its-effects/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "The Increasing Diversity of Slang and Its Effects." May 28, 2020. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-increasing-diversity-of-slang-and-its-effects/.

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Definition of essay

 (Entry 1 of 2)

Definition of essay  (Entry 2 of 2)

transitive verb

• composition

attempt , try , endeavor , essay , strive mean to make an effort to accomplish an end.

attempt stresses the initiation or beginning of an effort.

try is often close to attempt but may stress effort or experiment made in the hope of testing or proving something.

endeavor heightens the implications of exertion and difficulty.

essay implies difficulty but also suggests tentative trying or experimenting.

strive implies great exertion against great difficulty and specifically suggests persistent effort.

Examples of essay in a Sentence

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'essay.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Middle French essai , ultimately from Late Latin exagium act of weighing, from Latin ex- + agere to drive — more at agent

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 4

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 2

Phrases Containing essay

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Articles Related to essay

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You'll know the difference if you give it the old college essay

Dictionary Entries Near essay

Cite this entry.

“Essay.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/essay. Accessed 10 Aug. 2024.

Kids Definition

Kids definition of essay.

Kids Definition of essay  (Entry 2 of 2)

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The Essay: History and Definition

Attempts at Defining Slippery Literary Form

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"One damned thing after another" is how Aldous Huxley described the essay: "a literary device for saying almost everything about almost anything."

As definitions go, Huxley's is no more or less exact than Francis Bacon's "dispersed meditations," Samuel Johnson's "loose sally of the mind" or Edward Hoagland's "greased pig."

Since Montaigne adopted the term "essay" in the 16th century to describe his "attempts" at self-portrayal in prose , this slippery form has resisted any sort of precise, universal definition. But that won't an attempt to define the term in this brief article.

In the broadest sense, the term "essay" can refer to just about any short piece of nonfiction  -- an editorial, feature story, critical study, even an excerpt from a book. However, literary definitions of a genre are usually a bit fussier.

One way to start is to draw a distinction between articles , which are read primarily for the information they contain, and essays, in which the pleasure of reading takes precedence over the information in the text . Although handy, this loose division points chiefly to kinds of reading rather than to kinds of texts. So here are some other ways that the essay might be defined.

Standard definitions often stress the loose structure or apparent shapelessness of the essay. Johnson, for example, called the essay "an irregular, indigested piece, not a regular and orderly performance."

True, the writings of several well-known essayists ( William Hazlitt and Ralph Waldo Emerson , for instance, after the fashion of Montaigne) can be recognized by the casual nature of their explorations -- or "ramblings." But that's not to say that anything goes. Each of these essayists follows certain organizing principles of his own.

Oddly enough, critics haven't paid much attention to the principles of design actually employed by successful essayists. These principles are rarely formal patterns of organization , that is, the "modes of exposition" found in many composition textbooks. Instead, they might be described as patterns of thought -- progressions of a mind working out an idea.

Unfortunately, the customary divisions of the essay into opposing types --  formal and informal, impersonal and familiar  -- are also troublesome. Consider this suspiciously neat dividing line drawn by Michele Richman:

Post-Montaigne, the essay split into two distinct modalities: One remained informal, personal, intimate, relaxed, conversational and often humorous; the other, dogmatic, impersonal, systematic and expository .

The terms used here to qualify the term "essay" are convenient as a kind of critical shorthand, but they're imprecise at best and potentially contradictory. Informal can describe either the shape or the tone of the work -- or both. Personal refers to the stance of the essayist, conversational to the language of the piece, and expository to its content and aim. When the writings of particular essayists are studied carefully, Richman's "distinct modalities" grow increasingly vague.

But as fuzzy as these terms might be, the qualities of shape and personality, form and voice, are clearly integral to an understanding of the essay as an artful literary kind. 

Many of the terms used to characterize the essay -- personal, familiar, intimate, subjective, friendly, conversational -- represent efforts to identify the genre's most powerful organizing force: the rhetorical voice or projected character (or persona ) of the essayist.

In his study of Charles Lamb , Fred Randel observes that the "principal declared allegiance" of the essay is to "the experience of the essayistic voice." Similarly, British author Virginia Woolf has described this textual quality of personality or voice as "the essayist's most proper but most dangerous and delicate tool."

Similarly, at the beginning of "Walden, "  Henry David Thoreau reminds the reader that "it is ... always the first person that is speaking." Whether expressed directly or not, there's always an "I" in the essay -- a voice shaping the text and fashioning a role for the reader.

Fictional Qualities

The terms "voice" and "persona" are often used interchangeably to suggest the rhetorical nature of the essayist himself on the page. At times an author may consciously strike a pose or play a role. He can, as E.B. White confirms in his preface to "The Essays," "be any sort of person, according to his mood or his subject matter." 

In "What I Think, What I Am," essayist Edward Hoagland points out that "the artful 'I' of an essay can be as chameleon as any narrator in fiction." Similar considerations of voice and persona lead Carl H. Klaus to conclude that the essay is "profoundly fictive":

It seems to convey the sense of human presence that is indisputably related to its author's deepest sense of self, but that is also a complex illusion of that self -- an enactment of it as if it were both in the process of thought and in the process of sharing the outcome of that thought with others.

But to acknowledge the fictional qualities of the essay isn't to deny its special status as nonfiction.

Reader's Role

A basic aspect of the relationship between a writer (or a writer's persona) and a reader (the implied audience ) is the presumption that what the essayist says is literally true. The difference between a short story, say, and an autobiographical essay  lies less in the narrative structure or the nature of the material than in the narrator's implied contract with the reader about the kind of truth being offered.

Under the terms of this contract, the essayist presents experience as it actually occurred -- as it occurred, that is, in the version by the essayist. The narrator of an essay, the editor George Dillon says, "attempts to convince the reader that its model of experience of the world is valid." 

In other words, the reader of an essay is called on to join in the making of meaning. And it's up to the reader to decide whether to play along. Viewed in this way, the drama of an essay might lie in the conflict between the conceptions of self and world that the reader brings to a text and the conceptions that the essayist tries to arouse.

At Last, a Definition—of Sorts

With these thoughts in mind, the essay might be defined as a short work of nonfiction, often artfully disordered and highly polished, in which an authorial voice invites an implied reader to accept as authentic a certain textual mode of experience.

Sure. But it's still a greased pig.

Sometimes the best way to learn exactly what an essay is -- is to read some great ones. You'll find more than 300 of them in this collection of  Classic British and American Essays and Speeches .

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What does "ese" mean?

I keep hearing this word "ese" (also spelled "esé" or "ése") on TV used when parodying Spanish speakers. It's often used in a very funny way to indicate friend or homie but I can't tell what it means. Googling produced mixed results where some said it was a fake word used only in Hollywood, others claimed it just meant friend, and some claimed its like using the n-word.

Can someone clarify the meaning of ese (as used in this context) and explain if it is derogatory or not? If obviously don't want to use it if it is!

Additional info from comment :

I've seen it in comedy sketches by Key and Peele. Key often talks in a mock Spanish speaking accent. I'm not sure what nationality or ethnicity it is supposed to represent, but the jokes are of a sort of parody-like nature in that he is skirting the line between funny and racist as comedians sometimes do. Example: East Side Locos Tagger

• coloquialismos
• cultura-de-masas
• lenguaje-peyorativo
• lenguage-despectivo

• Is there any example of such an use you can point to? I agree with the answers given below but I can't think of how ese can be used in parody. –  JMVanPelt Commented May 2, 2015 at 21:02
• Key and Peele. Key often talks in a mock Spanish speaking accent. I'm not sure what nationality or ethnicity it is supposed to represent, but the jokes are of a sort of parody like nature in that he is skirting the line between funny and racist as comedians sometimes do. Maybe parody isn't the right word. If u have a better one, let me know and I'll change it. Here's the example: youtu.be/fwQXwlg5JU0 –  Stan Shunpike Commented May 2, 2015 at 21:42

9 Answers 9

Looking at the video you mentioned, and doing some googling, it turns out that ese (which has the gramatically correct meanings mentioned in the other answers) is a Spanglish slang to refer to someone, generally the person you are talking to. There are no academic sources for that, but here's a very plausible explanation :

In some places, "ese" (pronounced es-say) is just a slang way of refering to a guy. No different than dude , bro or man . [...] In short, ese can be a neutral term for any average guy or it can be a statement of one's gang affiliation.

Ese is a demonstrative adjective ( quiero ese libro , I want that book) or a demonstrative pronoun ( quiero ese , I want that one). As a pronoun, it's sometimes written with an accent on the stressed syllable: ése. ( RAE, see the 1st meaning of ese, esa, eso )

Ese can be used to refer to people, and it sometimes has a pejorative connotation ( RAE, see the 2nd meaning of ese, esa, eso ):

No conozco al tipo ese. (I don't know that guy.) Ese es un imbécil. (That [guy] is a moron.)

Actually, the word " ese " originated in Mexico City as a urban slang used among kids in the neighborhoods. Kids would use that as a term for "dude" or "hey, man", so it has not negative or offensive meaning. Gangs in East Los Angeles adapted the term since they are of Mexican descent and it is a very common word used among kids and teenagers who lived in urban areas in Mexico City.

• 1 According to Urban Dictionary, it is clearly a word used (in English) by people of Mexican descent, specially sureños (from Southern Mexico): urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=esé –  Gorpik Commented Jun 16, 2016 at 9:24

I am sort of weirded out by this thread!!! I am from California, but the strange nitpick on the use of ese in Mexican dialects sounds almost like it’s being answered by a bunch of folks who either did not grow up or have been exposed to common “ California/Baja ” Spanish usage, Idioms or slang, but are still of Mexican descent, or it is being answered by more people who never spoke Spanish in their lives, perhaps trying to find a translations to a meme or similar joke. You aren’t going to find a proper translation online for this use of the word..

It’s actually easier than all this. To answer the question alone, for this circumstance only, it can be replaced in English with any of these words:

Homie, Holmes, Bro, Dude, etc.

if an accent is heavy, it is because the person saying it has a heavy accent. A MEXICAN ACCENT, and anyone repeating it that doesen't belong to that sort of Barrio culture, is portraying what they hear from Mexicans saying it. Or, making fun of Mexicans . Not cool, homie. (Homie switched out for ese ).

The use of this word, and whether it is maliciously intended or in good faith, depends on if it is being said one of those ways or not, exactly like how it is in English . if you were to use one of the equivalent words i mentioned above...

“What’s your problem, Bro?” sounds menacing, hostile in english “Hey! Bro! How’s it going?” sounds friendly in English. “Dude! You shoulda seen it!” sounds neutral in english too.

However, You still would not say that neutral use of ‘ Dude ’ while talking to your great aunt Beatrice, right?

And just like in English, these Bro , Dude etc names are slang , and you would never call grandpa “ Bro ” and demand a high five. It’s rude.

So, “que onda, ese?” (or the equivalent english “ What’s up, yo? ” ) Are phrases no one would ever use when speaking to grandma, relatives or respected community members, however this usage is OK among peers, it’s just common slang which anyone might find offensive , it just depends on who thinks that way.

I believe its like using the evil “ N” word being white, no matter how good of a friend you are to an African American person, you don’t get to use it. ever.

This rule can be applied to anyone who isn’t Mexican trying to use "ese" as slang. *Not cool, Brah .* At best you'd make a fool of yourself, at worst, depending on where you are, you could get in trouble you didn't need to get in to in the first place. Always use common sense.

However you DO get a free pass using "ese" as slang if you are trying to sing along to any Cypress Hill lyrics and you HAVE to sing to " Insane in the Membrane "-

nobody cares if you can’t control yourself cuz nobody can ,

also if you are paraphrasing your favorite lines from any movie portraying Barrio culture

In general, as with all slang, if you have to ask, you should probably not be using it, but if you want to know just to understand what’s going on if you hear it, there’s no reason to not be privy to the social usage of a slang word in a language that you SHOULD know if you are living in certain areas of the United States.

Summed up, any way you can think of to use “Dude” in English, aside from its proper, webster’s Dictionary use of the term in regard to horse ranches etc. is what “ese” means in the Mexican dialects of Spanish in this context only. Ignore all the other urban dictionary stuff and other proper uses.

• 1 This is a great answer, although perhaps a bit on the passionate side, i took the liberty of doing some edits to clarify and take some edge off that may come across as hostile. But the answer does make a very important point about the usage of slang in a multicultural context , Having lived in the LAX area, and lived this kind of experiences, I couldn't agree more on using common sense, specially in today's politically charged social climate, where misunderstandings may spark unneeded tensions between communities. Learning words in other languages in good faith always builds bridges, –  hlecuanda Commented Jul 9, 2018 at 12:55

Literally, "ese" is a demonstrative pronoun which can mean it, that thing over there, that person over there . However, the Latinamerican dictionary Así Hablamos gives this use of the demonstrative pronoun "ese" for Ecuador:

Sustitución despectiva de él ¡Míralo a ese! ==> Míralo a él | Pejorative substitution for "him"

This definition fits perfectly with what I learned in the 1980's living in a provincial university town in Mexico, far from Mexico City and even farther from the northern border areas where the drug business and gang activity were starting to build up. I'm quite certain the meaning and usage I was taught had nothing to do with gangs or anything related to gangs.

Now, with the help of Urban Dictionary , here's what I believe is going on in the Key & Peele sketch. Key is playing a California latino gang leader. His use of "Ese" is analogous to how you might hear young African American men greet each other with "Nigga." A term originally (and in some circles still ) used by racist whites to refer pejoratively to African Americans has been appropriated, with a slight change in pronunciation and spelling, to mean

fellow tribesman and badass

where I'm using "tribe" to mean racial/ethnic peer group , and I'm using "badass" to mean a formidable and intimidating person .

In the case of ese , it's not a term originally used by people outside the group, but the backdrop of racism is still there, upping the ante, and we see a similar appropriation of a pejorative term as part of a reclaiming of cultural identity and building up of personal self-esteem and group-level ethnic pride.

Note, at least one of the Urban Dictionary entries uses the spelling "esé," but there is a helpful audio recording at https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=esé which shows that the accent is not used to indicate a stress on the last syllable, as in formal Spanish, but rather, to indicate that the whole word is stressed when used as a greeting.

Key uses the term to build the character he's playing, to make the comedy sketch work.

Key and Peele's comedic work with racial stereotypes has been described this way:

Key & Peele’s best sketches are subversive, but still sensitive to the fact that if you joke about a marginalized group, you don’t do so in a vacuum. They’re aware that comedy can either “punch up” against the established hierarchy or “punch down” against people who are already vulnerable.

In other words, it's complicated.

In some contexts you also use "eseeeeeee", with a phonetically longer ending "e", just to express something similar to "that's it dude" or "you rock!". This is specially used in parodying comedian shows.

Hope it helps.

• @Carlos Alejo de hecho, cosas como hope it helps sí suele recomendarse que se elimine. Interesante debate en What should I keep out of my posts and titles? - no es documentación oficial, pero fue escrita por un Community Manager de Stack Exchange . Enlaza con lo que comenté el otro día de Escribamos títulos de preguntas más concretos y textos con menos ruido . –  fedorqui Commented Jun 16, 2016 at 7:44
• @fedorqui, entiendo la postura y la respetaré si es mayoritaria, pero no la comparto. Yo entiendo que ese tipo de mensajes no se pongan en páginas como la Wikipedia, que es un sitio enciclopédico, pero los sitios de Stack Exchange en el fondo no dejan de ser foros. Si a un usuario le sale del alma decir que espera que su mensaje sea de utilidad, no veo por qué no respetarlo, yo me sentiría un poco mal si escribo eso con toda mi buena intención y me lo eliminan. Otra cosa es eliminar frases como "perdón por la respuesta tardía" y cosas así, que eso sí lo entiendo. –  Charlie Commented Jun 16, 2016 at 7:53
• @fedorqui yo propondría dejar el texto de "hope it helps" en la respuesta para no hacer sentir mal al usuario, pero avisarle de que su respuesta siempre ayuda y que no es necesario que lo escriba en el futuro. –  Charlie Commented Jun 16, 2016 at 7:54
• @CarlosAlejo dejemos este "hope it helps", vale. Este sería un buen debate para Spanish Language Meta . En general, coincido en que no hay que ser excesivamente puristas: en sitios como Stack Overflow (donde empecé yo) sí lo son porque hay una gran cantidad de actividad, por lo que es importante dejar el mínimo imprescindible para minimizar ruido. Muchas respuestas que vemos aquí que son apenas una línea se tienden a convertir en comentarios, por ejemplo. Volviendo a este caso, los elementos tangenciales a las respuestas las puede añadir el propio autor pero en comentarios, como estamos haciendo aquí ahora. –  fedorqui Commented Jun 16, 2016 at 8:19

Ese has multiple proper uses, such as Quiero ese coche, "I want that car!" Quiere ese coche, "Do you want that car?" It is also used predominantly in Mexican or Mexican American/Chicano slang as part of a greeting "Qvo (what's up) ese?" or depending on the intonation "Qvo ese!!!" (said with grit or malice) can be a challenge/confrontation of someone. I have also seen and heard it used with derogatory overtones (re: movie "Next Friday" and "Training Day"). That "Ese" or Eses" over there as the term for Mexican American/Chicano people.

• This is an interesting contribution, Cesar. the part that I didn't understand is "Qvo." Is it sort of an abbreviation for "Quiubo" (derived from "Qué hubo"? –  aparente001 Commented Jun 2, 2018 at 14:22
• @aparente001 indeed it is: q'vo –  jacobo Commented Jul 7, 2018 at 17:47

It's Mexican Spanish slang to refer to a person, analogous to tío, hombre etc (or dude, bro, man in English). It's not inherently derogatory, but could be used disparagingly in a certain context.

It's very distinctive of Mexican Spanish, so is often used as an easy marker in television etc to imply someone is Mexican, or generally 'hispanic' (since Mexican Spanish varieties are the biggest influence on US perception of the language as a whole).

e.g. Jaime Reyes/Blue Beetle in Young Justice uses it frequently (a character of Mexican descent, growing up in El Paso, Texas).

ese, sa. ■ M. y F. supran. Persona indeterminada; "Estaba un ese esperando en la puerta del edificio". Academia mexicana de la lengua: Diccionario de mexicanismos

ese, -a. I. 1. m. y f. EU. Hombre o mujer. pop. RAE: Diccionario de americanismos - ese

ése ... 3. ( Mexico, vocative ) dude, guy, pal, man wiktionary.org - ése (Spanish)

If you say: "Que onda, ese" it's like "what's up, dude" . You wouldn't use this expression to address any person of respect such as your boss, your dad, your dad-in-law, etc. In fact, the use of this expression will give the worst impression unless it's said to a close friend. This expression is usually frowned upon and it's considered rude when it's said out of the slums.

Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged modismos coloquialismos cultura-de-masas lenguaje-peyorativo lenguage-despectivo or ask your own question .

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Spanish Slang Essay: Its Uniqueness For People

I think, that not every person like to sit at home for years. Our soul, spirit wants to get new impressions, make our life colorful. Grey weekdays make our life boring and routine. International tourism is developing nowadays. People travel to another countries with aim to find about the culture, which they are not familiar. In addition, they face with the language problem. Despite literary language, slang is more common thing now in countries of Europe. If international tourists and translators do not have problems with understanding and using English slang words, they have difficulties with the slang of Spanish speaking countries. Are you tired of writing essays? Our content writing service can help you. You can find useful information here . In this Mexican slang essay, I will talk about the feature of Mexican slang and its difficulty for the international tourists and translators.

What is the word "slang"? Some examples used by native speakers.

Slang of any kind, by its definition, is a variation of everyday spoken language, which often used for a particular purpose or situation. If you want to research this subject, you must possess a deep and precise understanding of the language in question and with its native speakers' culture, their beliefs, and mentality. Additionally, you must be extremely careful with the meaning of any slang expressions you want to use, because not only your speech may come across as offensive and rude, but also you will be considered as an ignorant and inconsiderate person.

What does the word "ese" mean?

In Spanish and Mexican slang, the spelling of the word "ese" sounds like "esse" or "essay," but the meaning of it is "a fellow man." You need to avoid any possible confusion if you want to be understood correctly. Moreover, in Mexican slang, many words are "gray," which means that such terms may hold a positive or negative meaning depending on the context. Misuse of such expressions is unacceptable.

Definition of "cabron" in English.

The word "Cabron" is an excellent example of the previous statement. The variety of its meanings is enormous and can depend on a person's mood, tone, or situation occurring at that moment. Generally, if applied to a person, this word holds two self-contradictory meanings like "cool guy" or "moron," so try your absolute best to distinguish the context correctly.

But at the same time, you don't have to be scared of every expression you use, because there are also many words holding positive meaning, such as:

• "Hermano" – brother as a sibling, bro;
• "Carnal" – best friend;
• "Chulo" – good looking, beautiful;
• "Chido" – cool, awesome;
• "Orale" – exclamation of an agreement; and many others.

What do you also need to know

If you want your research on Spanish or Mexican slang to be one hundred percent legitimate from a linguistic standpoint, you need to go to Spain or Mexico at least once or acquire a strong connection with the Spanish speaking community. This will provide you with a deeper understanding of the country's culture, mentality, and everyday life of its people. And who knows how many friends you will make along the way!

It is a common misconception to view slang as "dirty" or "lowly" speech. Slang is the "voice" and a testament to the creativity of ordinary people. It becomes more evident if you look into the fact that the slang is widely used by everyone, be it scholars, businessmen, or even teachers. It clearly deserves the same respect and attention as a formal language used in literature and science.

What is the word “slang”?  Frequency of using slang by English-speaking youth

Probably, it is difficult to meet a child, who would speak only on the literary English language. Youth slang has become firmly established in the spoken language. If many respectable adults do not neglect using it, so what is about the children? Moreover, what should we do if child is addicted to using slang? What is the catch? Linguists consider slang as the words, which differ from the norms of literary language. Indeed, if you carefully listen to the youth slang, you can find out    mangled English words. In this essay, we will examine youth slang. I think that each of us was familiar with English speaking slang. Let us look at some examples. When English youth wants to talk about their beloved ones, they use the word “bae”. Another interesting slang word is boots. The singer and actor of United States of America, Todrick Hall invented it. In his videos, he put this word in the end of sentence with aim to emphasize the sentence. The closest meaning of the word was as “very” or “really”. Another one word is hangry. This word is an interesting mixture of words “hungry” and “angry”. When English youth wants to describe the person, which is trying to be attractive and using desperate and strange ways, English use word “thirsty”. When teenagers want to emphasize good appearance of somebody, they use word “snatched”. American youth has more interesting slang words, which differ from the lexicon of English youth. Great example is word “dude” which means “guy”, “fellow”. This term has great usage among the youth and is met in American cartoon series, such as “Simpsons”, “South Park” and etc. The closest synonym is term “bro”. It is interesting to mark, that word “bro” is met not only in English speaking countries, but also in the countries, such as countries of former Soviet Union. Another frequent words are “screw up” (make mistake), “piece of cake” (something that is easy to do), a buck (American slang word as the synonym of dollar) and so on. One main question is the usage of slang. Should the international tourists and translators know the English slang? The question has two answers. It is not necessary for English learner to know slang. He can speak with people, using literary language. Moreover, he will understand English-speaking person and vice versa. However, speaking about the translators, they always have to   translate special theme of science (jurisprudence, medicine, machine engineering and so on). From the other side, knowledge of slang increases reserve of words for both, as tourists and translators. Against to the English slang, Spanish slang has more difficulties.

What is the Essence of Spanish Slang Issue for Tourists and Translators?

Spanish slang is necessarily needed for every tourist, travelling to Spanish-speaking countries. Spanish slang is a feast of metaphors and expression. The discrepancy of the Spanish slang from the literary language does not make this lexical material less important or interesting. If you are seriously looking to master the Spanish language, you need to start thinking about learning of Spanish slang. Spanish slang attracts very close attention of many linguists. It is more difficult to communicate in various fields of human life without the knowledge and understanding of slang. The main component of a Spanish slang is the language of present-day youth, which is the main driving force of development of this lexical layer. There are a lot of words with a neutral color, which take on a completely different expressive sound due to Spanish youth, therefore, adding the reserve of Spanish slang. Spanish slang is present in almost all spheres of human communication - from the household level to the professional relationship. You can read about the successful ways of dialog in communication essay . The main feature of Spanish slang is that it is widely used not only by youth, but also by adults. People, which are willing to learn Spanish slang and freely use the Spanish speech in any situation, just need to be acquainted with modern Spanish slang. Each language has its own profanities or figurative values ​​the usual words. To do this, you can watch the popular series, which have colloquial Spanish slang. You can also use the book editions, which absorbed all the diversity of Spanish slang. The man, who studies the classical Spanish language, should also know Spanish slang on a good level. This Mexican slang essay gives this little vocabulary, which will be very useful for every tourist or translator in order not to be in a problem situation. Slang of Spanish-speaking countries differ in every country. In this essay Mexican slang, I will touch the local slang of Mexico. Slang words will help you to speak like Mexican people in no time. At least, you can understand what they are talking about. Let us take some examples. Mexican variant of dude is Wey or Güey.  This word, which is referred to young people, you will hear everywhere. If you want to ask about someone’s business, you should use phrase “Que onda”, which means, “What’s up”. More about Mexican slang words you can find in various sources of information. Translators can have some difficulties with translation, while watching television. The main feature of Mexican slang, also as any Spanish-speaking slang is the meaning. The slang phrase can have different meaning in different aspects. You will absolutely hear some interesting phrases. First phrase is “¿Qué pedo?”. The literal translation is “what is the fart?”, while the actual meaning is the “what’s up?”. The second example is “Culero”. The literal translation of this phrase is “ass salesman”, while the actual meaning is the “asshole”. More interesting Mexican slang phrases will be met if you watch Spanish television channels at home. Mexican slang, as also Spanish slang will be always important topic for tourists and translators.

Spanish slang is necessary stage in learning of Spanish language. For tourists this form of lexicon helps to adapt in Spanish-speaking countries, while for translators solves the difficulties of translation. While English slang can be learned for self-development, Spanish slang is duty for tourists and translators.

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• Literary Terms
• Definition & Examples
• When & How to Write an Essay

I. What is an Essay?

An essay is a form of writing in paragraph form that uses informal language, although it can be written formally. Essays may be written in first-person point of view (I, ours, mine), but third-person (people, he, she) is preferable in most academic essays. Essays do not require research as most academic reports and papers do; however, they should cite any literary works that are used within the paper.

When thinking of essays, we normally think of the five-paragraph essay: Paragraph 1 is the introduction, paragraphs 2-4 are the body covering three main ideas, and paragraph 5 is the conclusion. Sixth and seventh graders may start out with three paragraph essays in order to learn the concepts. However, essays may be longer than five paragraphs. Essays are easier and quicker to read than books, so are a preferred way to express ideas and concepts when bringing them to public attention.

II. Examples of Essays

Many of our most famous Americans have written essays. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, and Thomas Jefferson wrote essays about being good citizens and concepts to build the new United States. In the pre-Civil War days of the 1800s, people such as:

• Ralph Waldo Emerson (an author) wrote essays on self-improvement
• Susan B. Anthony wrote on women’s right to vote
• Frederick Douglass wrote on the issue of African Americans’ future in the U.S.

Through each era of American history, well-known figures in areas such as politics, literature, the arts, business, etc., voiced their opinions through short and long essays.

The ultimate persuasive essay that most students learn about and read in social studies is the “Declaration of Independence” by Thomas Jefferson in 1776. Other founding fathers edited and critiqued it, but he drafted the first version. He builds a strong argument by stating his premise (claim) then proceeds to give the evidence in a straightforward manner before coming to his logical conclusion.

III. Types of Essays

A. expository.

Essays written to explore and explain ideas are called expository essays (they expose truths). These will be more formal types of essays usually written in third person, to be more objective. There are many forms, each one having its own organizational pattern.  Cause/Effect essays explain the reason (cause) for something that happens after (effect). Definition essays define an idea or concept. Compare/ Contrast essays will look at two items and show how they are similar (compare) and different (contrast).

b. Persuasive

An argumentative paper presents an idea or concept with the intention of attempting to change a reader’s mind or actions . These may be written in second person, using “you” in order to speak to the reader. This is called a persuasive essay. There will be a premise (claim) followed by evidence to show why you should believe the claim.

c. Narrative

Narrative means story, so narrative essays will illustrate and describe an event of some kind to tell a story. Most times, they will be written in first person. The writer will use descriptive terms, and may have paragraphs that tell a beginning, middle, and end in place of the five paragraphs with introduction, body, and conclusion. However, if there is a lesson to be learned, a five-paragraph may be used to ensure the lesson is shown.

d. Descriptive

The goal of a descriptive essay is to vividly describe an event, item, place, memory, etc. This essay may be written in any point of view, depending on what’s being described. There is a lot of freedom of language in descriptive essays, which can include figurative language, as well.

IV. The Importance of Essays

Essays are an important piece of literature that can be used in a variety of situations. They’re a flexible type of writing, which makes them useful in many settings . History can be traced and understood through essays from theorists, leaders, artists of various arts, and regular citizens of countries throughout the world and time. For students, learning to write essays is also important because as they leave school and enter college and/or the work force, it is vital for them to be able to express themselves well.

V. Examples of Essays in Literature

Sir Francis Bacon was a leading philosopher who influenced the colonies in the 1600s. Many of America’s founding fathers also favored his philosophies toward government. Bacon wrote an essay titled “Of Nobility” in 1601 , in which he defines the concept of nobility in relation to people and government. The following is the introduction of his definition essay. Note the use of “we” for his point of view, which includes his readers while still sounding rather formal.

 “We will speak of nobility, first as a portion of an estate, then as a condition of particular persons. A monarchy, where there is no nobility at all, is ever a pure and absolute tyranny; as that of the Turks. For nobility attempers sovereignty, and draws the eyes of the people, somewhat aside from the line royal. But for democracies, they need it not; and they are commonly more quiet, and less subject to sedition, than where there are stirps of nobles. For men’s eyes are upon the business, and not upon the persons; or if upon the persons, it is for the business’ sake, as fittest, and not for flags and pedigree. We see the Switzers last well, notwithstanding their diversity of religion, and of cantons. For utility is their bond, and not respects. The united provinces of the Low Countries, in their government, excel; for where there is an equality, the consultations are more indifferent, and the payments and tributes, more cheerful. A great and potent nobility, addeth majesty to a monarch, but diminisheth power; and putteth life and spirit into the people, but presseth their fortune. It is well, when nobles are not too great for sovereignty nor for justice; and yet maintained in that height, as the insolency of inferiors may be broken upon them, before it come on too fast upon the majesty of kings. A numerous nobility causeth poverty, and inconvenience in a state; for it is a surcharge of expense; and besides, it being of necessity, that many of the nobility fall, in time, to be weak in fortune, it maketh a kind of disproportion, between honor and means.”

A popular modern day essayist is Barbara Kingsolver. Her book, “Small Wonders,” is full of essays describing her thoughts and experiences both at home and around the world. Her intention with her essays is to make her readers think about various social issues, mainly concerning the environment and how people treat each other. The link below is to an essay in which a child in an Iranian village she visited had disappeared. The boy was found three days later in a bear’s cave, alive and well, protected by a mother bear. She uses a narrative essay to tell her story.

VI. Examples of Essays in Pop Culture

Many rap songs are basically mini essays, expressing outrage and sorrow over social issues today, just as the 1960s had a lot of anti-war and peace songs that told stories and described social problems of that time. Any good song writer will pay attention to current events and express ideas in a creative way.

A well-known essay written in 1997 by Mary Schmich, a columnist with the Chicago Tribune, was made into a popular video on MTV by Baz Luhrmann. Schmich’s thesis is to wear sunscreen, but she adds strong advice with supporting details throughout the body of her essay, reverting to her thesis in the conclusion.

VII. Related Terms

Research paper.

Research papers follow the same basic format of an essay. They have an introductory paragraph, the body, and a conclusion. However, research papers have strict guidelines regarding a title page, header, sub-headers within the paper, citations throughout and in a bibliography page, the size and type of font, and margins. The purpose of a research paper is to explore an area by looking at previous research. Some research papers may include additional studies by the author, which would then be compared to previous research. The point of view is an objective third-person. No opinion is allowed. Any claims must be backed up with research.

VIII. Conclusion

Students dread hearing that they are going to write an essay, but essays are one of the easiest and most relaxed types of writing they will learn. Mastering the essay will make research papers much easier, since they have the same basic structure. Many historical events can be better understood through essays written by people involved in those times. The continuation of essays in today’s times will allow future historians to understand how our new world of technology and information impacted us.

List of Terms

• Alliteration
• Amplification
• Anachronism
• Anthropomorphism
• Antonomasia
• APA Citation
• Aposiopesis
• Autobiography
• Bildungsroman
• Characterization
• Circumlocution
• Cliffhanger
• Comic Relief
• Connotation
• Deus ex machina
• Deuteragonist
• Doppelganger
• Double Entendre
• Dramatic irony
• Equivocation
• Extended Metaphor
• Figures of Speech
• Flash-forward
• Foreshadowing
• Intertextuality
• Juxtaposition
• Literary Device
• Malapropism
• Onomatopoeia
• Parallelism
• Pathetic Fallacy
• Personification
• Point of View
• Polysyndeton
• Protagonist
• Red Herring
• Rhetorical Device
• Rhetorical Question
• Science Fiction
• Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
• Synesthesia
• Turning Point
• Understatement
• Urban Legend
• Verisimilitude
• Essay Guide
• Cite This Website

• Cambridge Dictionary +Plus

Meaning of essay in English

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• I want to finish off this essay before I go to bed .
• His essay was full of spelling errors .
• Have you given that essay in yet ?
• Have you handed in your history essay yet ?
• I'd like to discuss the first point in your essay.
• boilerplate
• composition
• corresponding author
• dissertation
• essay question
• peer review
• go all out idiom
• go down swinging/fighting idiom
• go for it idiom
• go for someone
• go out of your way idiom
• smarten (someone/something) up
• smarten up your act idiom
• square the circle idiom
• step on the gas idiom
• stick at something

essay | American Dictionary

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an area of coral, the top of which can sometimes be seen just above the sea

Robbing, looting, and embezzling: talking about stealing

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Definition Essay

Definition Essay - Writing Guide, Examples and Tips

14 min read

Published on: Oct 9, 2020

Last updated on: Jan 31, 2024

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Interesting Definition Essay Topics for Students

Definition Essay Outline - Format & Guide

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Many students struggle with writing definition essays due to a lack of clarity and precision in their explanations.

This obstructs them from effectively conveying the essence of the terms or concepts they are tasked with defining. Consequently, the essays may lack coherence, leaving readers confused and preventing them from grasping the intended meaning.

But don’t worry!

In this guide, we will delve into effective techniques and step-by-step approaches to help students craft an engaging definition essay.

Continue reading to learn the correct formation of a definition essay. 

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What is a Definition Essay?

Just as the name suggests, a definition essay defines and explains a term or a concept. Unlike a narrative essay, the purpose of writing this essay is only to inform the readers.

Writing this essay type can be deceivingly tricky. Some terms, concepts, and objects have concrete definitions when explained. In contrast others are solely based on the writer’s understanding and point of view.

A definition essay requires a writer to use different approaches when discussing a term. These approaches are the following:

• Denotation - It is when you provide a literal or academic definition of the term.
• Connotation - It is when the writer provides an implied meaning or definition of the term.
• Enumeration - For this approach, a list is employed to define a term or a concept.
• Analogy - It is a technique in which something is defined by implementing a comparison.
• Negation - It is when you define a term by stating what it is not.

A single or combination of approaches can be used in the essay. 

Definition Essay Types

There are several types of definition essays that you may be asked to write, depending on the purpose and scope of the assignment. 

In this section, we will discuss some of the most common types of definition essays.

Descriptive Definition Essay 

This type of essay provides a detailed description of a term or concept, emphasizing its key features and characteristics. 

The goal of a descriptive definition essay is to help readers understand the term or concept in a more profound way.

Stipulative Definition Essay 

In a stipulative definition essay, the writer provides a unique definition of a term or concept. This type of essay is often used in academic settings to define a term in a particular field of study. 

The goal of a stipulative definition essay is to provide a precise and clear definition that is specific to the context of the essay.

Analytical Definition Essay 

This compare and contrast essay type involves analyzing a term or concept in-depth. Breaking it down into its component parts, and examining how they relate to each other. 

The goal of an analytical definition essay is to provide a more nuanced and detailed understanding of the term or concept being discussed.

Persuasive Definition Essay 

A persuasive definition essay is an argumentative essay that aims to persuade readers to accept a particular definition of a term or concept.

The writer presents their argument for the definition and uses evidence and examples to support their position.

Explanatory Definition Essay 

An explanatory definition essay is a type of expository essay . It aims to explain a complex term or concept in a way that is easy to understand for the reader. 

The writer breaks down the term or concept into simpler parts and provides examples and analogies to help readers understand it better.

Extended Definition Essay 

An extended definition essay goes beyond the definition of a word or concept and provides a more in-depth analysis and explanation. 

The goal of an extended definition essay is to provide a comprehensive understanding of a term, concept, or idea. This includes its history, origins, and cultural significance. 

How to Write a Definition Essay?

Writing a definition essay is simple if you know the correct procedure. This essay, like all the other formal pieces of documents, requires substantial planning and effective execution.

The following are the steps involved in writing a definition essay effectively:

Instead of choosing a term that has a concrete definition available, choose a word that is complicated . Complex expressions have abstract concepts that require a writer to explore deeper. Moreover, make sure that different people perceive the term selected differently. 

Once you have a word to draft your definition essay for, read the dictionary. These academic definitions are important as you can use them to compare your understanding with the official concept.

Drafting a definition essay is about stating the dictionary meaning and your explanation of the concept. So the writer needs to have some information about the term.

In addition to this, when exploring the term, make sure to check the term’s origin. The history of the word can make you discuss it in a better way.

Coming up with an exciting title for your essay is important. The essay topic will be the first thing that your readers will witness, so it should be catchy.

Creatively draft an essay topic that reflects meaning. In addition to this, the usage of the term in the title should be correctly done. The readers should get an idea of what the essay is about and what to expect from the document.

Now that you have a topic in hand, it is time to gather some relevant information. A definition essay is more than a mere explanation of the term. It represents the writer’s perception of the chosen term and the topic.

So having only personal opinions will not be enough to defend your point. Deeply research and gather information by consulting credible sources.

The gathered information needs to be organized to be understandable. The raw data needs to be arranged to give a structure to the content.

Here's a generic outline for a definition essay:

Are you searching for an in-depth guide on crafting a well-structured definition essay?Check out this definition essay outline blog!

6. Write the First Draft

Drafting each section correctly is a daunting task. Understanding what or what not to include in these sections requires a writer to choose wisely.

The start of your essay matters a lot. If it is on point and attractive, the readers will want to read the text. As the first part of the essay is the introduction , it is considered the first impression of your essay.

To write your definition essay introduction effectively, include the following information:

• Start your essay with a catchy hook statement that is related to the topic and the term chosen.
• State the generally known definition of the term. If the word chosen has multiple interpretations, select the most common one.
• Provide background information precisely. Determine the origin of the term and other relevant information.
• Shed light on the other unconventional concepts and definitions related to the term.
• Decide on the side or stance you want to pick in your essay and develop a thesis statement .

After briefly introducing the topic, fully explain the concept in the body section . Provide all the details and evidence that will support the thesis statement. To draft this section professionally, add the following information:

• A detailed explanation of the history of the term.
• Analysis of the dictionary meaning and usage of the term.
• A comparison and reflection of personal understanding and the researched data on the concept.

Once all the details are shared, give closure to your discussion. The last paragraph of the definition essay is the conclusion . The writer provides insight into the topic as a conclusion.

The concluding paragraphs include the following material:

• Summary of the important points.
• Restated thesis statement.
• A final verdict on the topic.

7. Proofread and Edit

Although the writing process ends with the concluding paragraph, there is an additional step. It is important to proofread the essay once you are done writing. Proofread and revise your document a couple of times to make sure everything is perfect.

Before submitting your assignment, make edits, and fix all mistakes and errors.

If you want to learn more about how to write a definition essay, here is a video guide for you!

Definition Essay Structure 

The structure of a definition essay is similar to that of any other academic essay. It should consist of an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. 

However, the focus of a definition essay is on defining and explaining a particular term or concept. 

In this section, we will discuss the structure of a definition essay in detail.

Introduction 

Get the idea of writing an introduction for a definition essay with this example:

Body Paragraphs

Here is an example of how to craft your definition essay body paragraph:

Types of the Term/Concept 

If applicable, the writer may want to include a section that discusses the different types or categories of the term or concept being defined. 

This section should explain the similarities and differences between the types, using examples and anecdotes to illustrate the points.

Examples of the Term/Concept in Action 

The writer should also include real-life examples of the term or concept being defined in action. 

This will help the reader better understand the term or concept in context and how it is used in everyday life.

Conclusion 

This example will help you writing a conclusion fo you essay:

Definition Essay Examples

It is important to go through some examples and samples before writing an essay. This is to understand the writing process and structure of the assigned task well.

Following are some examples of definition essays to give our students a better idea of the concept. 

Understanding the Definition Essay

Definition Essay Example

Definition Essay About Friendship

Definition Essay About Love

Family Definition Essay

Success Definition Essay

Beauty Definition Essay

Definition Essay Topics

Selecting the right topic is challenging for other essay types. However, picking a suitable theme for a definition essay is equally tricky yet important. Pick an interesting subject to ensure maximum readership.

If you are facing writer’s block, here is a list of some great definition essay topics for your help. Choose from the list below and draft a compelling essay.

• Authenticity
• Sustainability
• Mindfulness

Here are some more extended definition essay topics:

• Social media addiction
• Ethical implications of gene editing
• Personalized learning in the digital age
• Ecosystem services
• Cultural assimilation versus cultural preservation
• Sustainable fashion
• Gender equality in the workplace
• Financial literacy and its impact on personal finance
• Ethical considerations in artificial intelligence
• Welfare state and social safety nets

Need more topics? Check out this definition essay topics blog!

Definition Essay Writing Tips

Knowing the correct writing procedure is not enough if you are not aware of the essay’s small technicalities. To help students write a definition essay effortlessly, expert writers of CollegeEssay.org have gathered some simple tips.

These easy tips will make your assignment writing phase easy.

• Choose an exciting yet informative topic for your essay.
• When selecting the word, concept, or term for your essay, make sure you have the knowledge.
• When consulting a dictionary for the definition, provide proper referencing as there are many choices available.
• To make the essay informative and credible, always provide the origin and history of the term.
• Highlight different meanings and interpretations of the term.
• Discuss the transitions and evolution in the meaning of the term in any.
• Provide your perspective and point of view on the chosen term.

Following these tips will guarantee you better grades in your academics.

By following the step-by-step approach explained in this guide, you will acquire the skills to craft an outstanding essay. 

Struggling with the thought, " write my college essay for m e"? Look no further.

Our dedicated definition essay writing service is here to craft the perfect essay that meets your academic needs.

For an extra edge, explore our AI essay writer , a tool designed to refine your essays to perfection. 

Barbara P (Literature, Marketing)

Barbara is a highly educated and qualified author with a Ph.D. in public health from an Ivy League university. She has spent a significant amount of time working in the medical field, conducting a thorough study on a variety of health issues. Her work has been published in several major publications.

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What is an Essay?

10 May, 2020

11 minutes read

Author:  Tomas White

Well, beyond a jumble of words usually around 2,000 words or so - what is an essay, exactly? Whether you’re taking English, sociology, history, biology, art, or a speech class, it’s likely you’ll have to write an essay or two. So how is an essay different than a research paper or a review? Let’s find out!

Defining the Term – What is an Essay?

The essay is a written piece that is designed to present an idea, propose an argument, express the emotion or initiate debate. It is a tool that is used to present writer’s ideas in a non-fictional way. Multiple applications of this type of writing go way beyond, providing political manifestos and art criticism as well as personal observations and reflections of the author.

An essay can be as short as 500 words, it can also be 5000 words or more.  However, most essays fall somewhere around 1000 to 3000 words ; this word range provides the writer enough space to thoroughly develop an argument and work to convince the reader of the author’s perspective regarding a particular issue.  The topics of essays are boundless: they can range from the best form of government to the benefits of eating peppermint leaves daily. As a professional provider of custom writing, our service has helped thousands of customers to turn in essays in various forms and disciplines.

Origins of the Essay

Over the course of more than six centuries essays were used to question assumptions, argue trivial opinions and to initiate global discussions. Let’s have a closer look into historical progress and various applications of this literary phenomenon to find out exactly what it is.

Today’s modern word “essay” can trace its roots back to the French “essayer” which translates closely to mean “to attempt” .  This is an apt name for this writing form because the essay’s ultimate purpose is to attempt to convince the audience of something.  An essay’s topic can range broadly and include everything from the best of Shakespeare’s plays to the joys of April.

The essay comes in many shapes and sizes; it can focus on a personal experience or a purely academic exploration of a topic.  Essays are classified as a subjective writing form because while they include expository elements, they can rely on personal narratives to support the writer’s viewpoint.  The essay genre includes a diverse array of academic writings ranging from literary criticism to meditations on the natural world.  Most typically, the essay exists as a shorter writing form; essays are rarely the length of a novel.  However, several historic examples, such as John Locke’s seminal work “An Essay Concerning Human Understanding” just shows that a well-organized essay can be as long as a novel.

The Essay in Literature

The essay enjoys a long and renowned history in literature.  They first began gaining in popularity in the early 16 th century, and their popularity has continued today both with original writers and ghost writers.  Many readers prefer this short form in which the writer seems to speak directly to the reader, presenting a particular claim and working to defend it through a variety of means.  Not sure if you’ve ever read a great essay? You wouldn’t believe how many pieces of literature are actually nothing less than essays, or evolved into more complex structures from the essay. Check out this list of literary favorites:

• The Book of My Lives by Aleksandar Hemon
• Notes of a Native Son by James Baldwin
• Against Interpretation by Susan Sontag
• High-Tide in Tucson: Essays from Now and Never by Barbara Kingsolver
• Slouching Toward Bethlehem by Joan Didion
• Naked by David Sedaris
• Walden; or, Life in the Woods by Henry David Thoreau

Pretty much as long as writers have had something to say, they’ve created essays to communicate their viewpoint on pretty much any topic you can think of!

The Essay in Academics

Not only are students required to read a variety of essays during their academic education, but they will likely be required to write several different kinds of essays throughout their scholastic career.  Don’t love to write?  Then consider working with a ghost essay writer !  While all essays require an introduction, body paragraphs in support of the argumentative thesis statement, and a conclusion, academic essays can take several different formats in the way they approach a topic.  Common essays required in high school, college, and post-graduate classes include:

Five paragraph essay

This is the most common type of a formal essay. The type of paper that students are usually exposed to when they first hear about the concept of the essay itself. It follows easy outline structure – an opening introduction paragraph; three body paragraphs to expand the thesis; and conclusion to sum it up.

Argumentative essay

These essays are commonly assigned to explore a controversial issue.  The goal is to identify the major positions on either side and work to support the side the writer agrees with while refuting the opposing side’s potential arguments.

Compare and Contrast essay

This essay compares two items, such as two poems, and works to identify similarities and differences, discussing the strength and weaknesses of each.  This essay can focus on more than just two items, however.  The point of this essay is to reveal new connections the reader may not have considered previously.

Definition essay

This essay has a sole purpose – defining a term or a concept in as much detail as possible. Sounds pretty simple, right? Well, not quite. The most important part of the process is picking up the word. Before zooming it up under the microscope, make sure to choose something roomy so you can define it under multiple angles. The definition essay outline will reflect those angles and scopes.

Descriptive essay

Perhaps the most fun to write, this essay focuses on describing its subject using all five of the senses.  The writer aims to fully describe the topic; for example, a descriptive essay could aim to describe the ocean to someone who’s never seen it or the job of a teacher.  Descriptive essays rely heavily on detail and the paragraphs can be organized by sense.

Illustration essay

The purpose of this essay is to describe an idea, occasion or a concept with the help of clear and vocal examples. “Illustration” itself is handled in the body paragraphs section. Each of the statements, presented in the essay needs to be supported with several examples. Illustration essay helps the author to connect with his audience by breaking the barriers with real-life examples – clear and indisputable.

Informative Essay

Being one the basic essay types, the informative essay is as easy as it sounds from a technical standpoint. High school is where students usually encounter with informative essay first time. The purpose of this paper is to describe an idea, concept or any other abstract subject with the help of proper research and a generous amount of storytelling.

Narrative essay

This type of essay focuses on describing a certain event or experience, most often chronologically.  It could be a historic event or an ordinary day or month in a regular person’s life. Narrative essay proclaims a free approach to writing it, therefore it does not always require conventional attributes, like the outline. The narrative itself typically unfolds through a personal lens, and is thus considered to be a subjective form of writing.

Persuasive essay

The purpose of the persuasive essay is to provide the audience with a 360-view on the concept idea or certain topic – to persuade the reader to adopt a certain viewpoint. The viewpoints can range widely from why visiting the dentist is important to why dogs make the best pets to why blue is the best color.  Strong, persuasive language is a defining characteristic of this essay type.

The Essay in Art

Several other artistic mediums have adopted the essay as a means of communicating with their audience.  In the visual arts, such as painting or sculpting, the rough sketches of the final product are sometimes deemed essays.  Likewise, directors may opt to create a film essay which is similar to a documentary in that it offers a personal reflection on a relevant issue.  Finally, photographers often create photographic essays in which they use a series of photographs to tell a story, similar to a narrative or a descriptive essay.

Drawing the line – question answered

“What is an Essay?” is quite a polarizing question. On one hand, it can easily be answered in a couple of words. On the other, it is surely the most profound and self-established type of content there ever was. Going back through the history of the last five-six centuries helps us understand where did it come from and how it is being applied ever since.

If you must write an essay, follow these five important steps to works towards earning the “A” you want:

• Understand and review the kind of essay you must write
• Brainstorm your argument
• Find research from reliable sources to support your perspective
• Cite all sources parenthetically within the paper and on the Works Cited page
• Follow all grammatical rules

Generally speaking, when you must write any type of essay, start sooner rather than later!  Don’t procrastinate – give yourself time to develop your perspective and work on crafting a unique and original approach to the topic.  Remember: it’s always a good idea to have another set of eyes (or three) look over your essay before handing in the final draft to your teacher or professor.  Don’t trust your fellow classmates?  Consider hiring an editor or a ghostwriter to help out!

If you are still unsure on whether you can cope with your task – you are in the right place to get help. HandMadeWriting is the perfect answer to the question “Who can write my essay?”

A life lesson in Romeo and Juliet taught by death

Due to human nature, we draw conclusions only when life gives us a lesson since the experience of others is not so effective and powerful. Therefore, when analyzing and sorting out common problems we face, we may trace a parallel with well-known book characters or real historical figures. Moreover, we often compare our situations with […]

Ethical Research Paper Topics

Writing a research paper on ethics is not an easy task, especially if you do not possess excellent writing skills and do not like to contemplate controversial questions. But an ethics course is obligatory in all higher education institutions, and students have to look for a way out and be creative. When you find an […]

Art Research Paper Topics

Students obtaining degrees in fine art and art & design programs most commonly need to write a paper on art topics. However, this subject is becoming more popular in educational institutions for expanding students’ horizons. Thus, both groups of receivers of education: those who are into arts and those who only get acquainted with art […]

What Does "Ese" Mean?

ese = dude, bro, homie

Ese is also the singular masculine form of the Spanish demonstrative pronoun meaning this , as well as a letter in the Spanish alphabet .

As a term of address , this term was popularized in Spanish-speaking regions of the United States. The word on the street is that it came about as a shorthand way for speakers of Mexican Spanish to say ese vato or ese güey ( that dude ).

While not commonly used in Mexico, you're quite likely to hear it in California, for example. But, ¡aguas! ( be careful! ) In some parts of California ese is used by members of certain gangs to self-identify. Most of the time, though, it just means dude or bro .

Check out these examples of ese .

Love finding out what words mean?! Check out the following articles!

• What Does "Ay, Dios Mío" Mean?

• What Does "¡Arriba, Arriba! ¡Ándale, Ándale!" Mean?

• What Does "¿Qué Hace?" Mean?

• What Does "Dale" Mean?

• What Does "Buen Provecho" Mean?

• What Does "¿Qué Pasa?" Mean?

• What Does "¿Cómo Está Usted?" Mean?

• What Does "¡Olé!" Mean?

• What Does "Mucho Gusto" Mean?

• What Does "Chiquita" Mean in English?

• What Does "Oye Cómo Va" Mean?

• What Does "Tiempo" Mean?

• What Does "Otra Vez" Mean?

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What does 'woke' mean in politics? How the term is used now is far from its original meaning

The word "woke" is tossed around a lot in political and social debates all around the country. It's ramping up as Election Day draws near.

The term carries different meanings and strong emotional connections for people, and it has changed over the years. So what is the history and the meaning of the word "woke"? And why you can expect to see it become a frequently used term in the presidential election in November?

What is the definition and history of 'woke'?

The term "woke" used to have a different meaning. It was first used by Pan-African activist Marcus Garvey as early as 1923 . "Woke" was meant to acknowledge the struggles of African Americans and a word of empowerment for some Black people.

When the Black Lives Matter movement began after the police killing of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, in 2014, "woke" expanded outside of Black communities into the larger public lexicon and became co-opted or appropriated for various political agendas , the definition of the word has evolved and come to mean different things to different people.

What do conservatives mean when they say 'woke'?

The term woke has been used by conservative figures as pejorative term to describe the following social justice initiatives:

• LGBTQ rights: A movement advocating for the equal treatment and elimination of discriminatory policies hurting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer people, according to Britannica .
• Gender-affirming care: Access to services such as mental health, medical, surgical and nonmedical services for nonbinary and transgender people, according to the Office of Population Affairs.
• Diversity, equity and inclusion measures: A form of hiring and employee retention meant to reduce biases and improve the accessibility of jobs for disenfranchised minorities. Companies such as Harley-Davidson and Tractor Supply have faced boycotts over these measures .
• Critical race theory: A social and intellectual movement that studies the relationship between race, racism and power, as described by theorists Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic in their book, “Critical Race Theory: The Cutting Edge.”

How is the term 'woke' viewed?

A USA TODAY/Ipsos Poll from March 2023 demonstrates the varying ideas for what 'woke' means among Americans between Republicans and Democrats.

Of those surveyed , 56% percent say the term means "to be informed, educated on and aware of social injustices." That includes not only three-fourths of Democrats but also more than a third of Republicans. Overall, 39% say the word reflects what has become the GOP political definition, "to be overly politically correct and police others' words." 56% of Republicans agreed with this view.

The term will likely continue to be a point of contention heading into the November election.

'Woke culture' decried by Knox County Mayor Glenn Jacobs and Tesla CEO Elon Musk

For years, conservative activists, lawmakers and politicians have used the term "woke" as a slam against progressive values and liberal initiatives.

The woke Left’s agenda has no place in our schools or military. Wokeness is weakness! — Glenn Jacobs (@GlennJacobsTN) July 9, 2024

Knox County Mayor Glenn Jacobs has previously warned Republicans against allowing a "woke" culture to flourish. He posted on X to say the "wokeness is weakness" and it has no place in schools or military. He didn't detail what he meant.

Tesla CEO Elon Musk said his estranged daughter Vivian Jenna Wilson was "killed" by the "woke mind virus" and claimed he was tricked into signing documents agreeing to  gender-affirming care procedures for her.

USA TODAY contributed to this report

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Why are people calling Harris’ VP pick Tim Walz a ‘midwest princess’? How campaign is ‘pop music’ coded

If you or anyone around you is under the age of 30 this summer, you've heard the terms "brat" or "brat summer" so much that it is now a part of your personal vocabulary. But do you know what a " Midwest Princess " is?

For fans of glittery popstar Chappell Roan, the answer is obvious. But what does it mean when those refer to  Kamala Harris’ 2024 running mate Tim Walz as one?

Wondering what green-tinted fam cams on social media and a camo hat says about the Democratic presidential campaign? Here's what to know and how you can impress your Gen Z relatives with your niche pop culture knowledge.

But first, who is Tim Walz?

Kamala Harris picked Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz as her vice presidential running mate. Walz, 60, is also a former teacher, coach, and congressman, as well as a U.S. Army National Guard veteran .

Walz was elected  to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2006 and served 12 years before being elected governor of Minnesota in 2018 and again in 2022. During his time as governor, he has pushes for several progressive policies, including free school meals, tax cuts for the middle class, and protections for abortion rights.

Who is Chappell Roan? How does 'Midwest princess' term relate?

Chappell Roan, real name Kayleigh Rose Amstutz, is a 26-year old pop star from Willard, Missouri . Roan was launched into stardom this year after the release of debut album "The Rise and Fall of a Midwest Princess" last year, becoming one of Olivia Rodrigo's opening acts on the "Guts" World Tour and headlining multiple festivals.

Referred as "the next big thing," Roan loves to dress up, sing, dance and celebrate drag, often featuring queens as her show openers. She also highlights and celebrates her both Midwestern upbringing and the LGBTQ+ community in her music.

What is a 'Midwest Princess'?

In an interview with the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, she shared what the term means .

"I think I just am, I don’t know how to explain it! I think it’s just a girlie from the Midwest who is doing their own thing and causing a ruckus — a little bit of a rebel," she said.

"It doesn’t have to be a girl. A Midwest Princess does not mean girl or boy, it can mean anything. It can mean a feeling or an attitude of just... rhinestone-cowgirl-trashy in-your-face, but [also] loving and accepting and free."

Harris, Walz campaign jump on connection. Sells out merch identical to Roan

Due to the rise of Walz on social media, many have dubbed him a "Midwest princess" alongside Roan due to his dad jokes online, his progressive stances and his overall Midwest charm.

"Walz isn’t Brat, he’s the Rise of A Midwestern Princess and your fancams should be soundtracked accordingly," one user joked.

Capping off the night. https://t.co/pgF98PaOLr pic.twitter.com/DwAQ4hoKkY — Tim Walz (@Tim_Walz) August 7, 2024

Following the VP announcement, the campaign listed a camo-printed hat, emblazoned with bright orange letters reading “HARRIS WALZ." Walz took to social media and shared a post on X of him wearing the "Harris Walz" hat with the caption, "Capping off the night."

If the hat at all looks familiar, it’s because it suspiciously looks similar to a popular merch item sold by Roan. Her website sells a nearly identical camo trucker hat with orange lettering that reads “Midwest Princess. ”

According to Teen Vogue, the campaign's 3,000 hats were sold within 30 minutes of the sale going live, with sales amounting to nearly $1 million. It is currently only  available for preorder  for $40 with an expected release date of Oct. 14.

Kamala Harris is also 'brat.' What is 'Brat'?

It all has to do with Charli XCX, who released "Brat" on June 7, featuring hits such as "Von Dutch" and "360." In USA TODAY’s review, the album embraces a hot-mess pop star aesthetic, prioritizing club culture at its core but still offering introspective lyrics on aging, womanhood, grief and anxiety.

In addition to its awards and acclaim from reviewers, the album has also spawned a pop culture movement — brat summer. It depends on who you ask but most define the phrase as just simply having fun and being a little messy.

What is ‘brat’ summer? Why Kamala Harris’ campaign is embracing meme around Charli XCX album

But how is Kamala Harris "brat" exactly? Social media and supporters have identified her as the latest figure to symbolize having a "brat summer." Harris' campaign has fully adopted the trend, having  rebranded  on X with a new header − a neon green background reading “kamala hq” in the style of the “BRAT” album cover. 

Why do candidates jump on pop culture trends during elections?

As more politicians hop on the "brat" and "Midwest princess" trend, many social media users are wondering if they actually like the album or have even listened to either of these albums.

are any of them vetting the lyrics on the album before they’re going elbow deep into this https://t.co/zYkrkXoTo6 — veet (@vveetto) July 23, 2024

yall have lost the plot so fast.. remember how we talked about not idolizing politicians???????? kamala is not brat. walz is not a midwest princess. they are the ruling class and we are the people and no merch will ever make them care about you https://t.co/sXy1R9oMpl — eliza ! (@eeeliiizzuhh) August 6, 2024

Some consider politicians jumping on popular meme and trends as "cringey" and "obvious pandering," many referencing Hillary Clinton's viral joke about the mobile game "Pokémon Go" while campaigning in 2016.

“I don’t know who created Pokémon Go,” she said. “But I’m trying to figure out how we get them to have Pokémon Go to the polls.”

But why do they do it? After interviewing several politicians on their social media usage,  Vice  found that participating in these trends can create a stronger connection with voters and get information out.

A Pew Research Center found that 25% of social media users follow candidates or other political figures on various social media platforms. A similar Pew Research Center  study  found that a similar share of Americans have engaged with social media content from politicians.

However, many still voiced the many challenges they face from trying to hop on these trends, such as being called "inauthentic" by Gen Z, sparking unintended backlash and not being taken seriously. Users in favor of Harris and Walz have warned that they better tread lightly before partaking in the jokes.

Does Chappell Roan give Tim Walz her endorsement?

While Charli XCX dived into the meme by tweeting "Kamala is brat," some aren't so sure Roan is excited about the connection to Harris' campaign.

The popstar quote-tweeted a fan who pointed out the similarities of the two merch items, asking "Is this real?" The responses to her remark ranged from "yes queen" to "not the U.S. government coming for your brand."

is this real https://t.co/4HBBEQuo7q — Chappell Roan (@ChappellRoan) August 7, 2024

At June's Governors Ball festival in New York City, Chappell addressed the White House asking her to perform for their 2024 Pride event. Before singing "“My Kink Is Karma," she shared that she turned down the Biden administration’s invitation .

"This is a response to the White House, who asked me to perform for Pride. We want liberty, justice, and freedom for all. When you do that, that’s when I’ll come," she said.

Additional comments during her set suggest she declined the invitation in honor of the LGBTQ+ community and the ongoing conflict in the Gaza Strip, saying: "freedom for all oppressed people in occupied territories."

What is Kamala Harris' actual campaign song?

It's not even a song off "brat" or "Rise and Fall of a Midwest Princess." It's not even from either artist.

According to  CNN , the Harris campaign received permission from Beyoncé to use the song "Freedom" throughout her presidential campaign. The song is off the singer's 2016 studio album "Lemonade."

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Where Tim Walz Stands on the Issues

As governor of Minnesota, he has enacted policies to secure abortion protections, provide free meals for schoolchildren, allow recreational marijuana and set renewable energy goals.

• Share full article

By Maggie Astor

• Aug. 6, 2024

Gov. Tim Walz of Minnesota, the newly announced running mate to Vice President Kamala Harris, has worked with his state’s Democratic-controlled Legislature to enact an ambitious agenda of liberal policies: free college tuition for low-income students, free meals for schoolchildren, legal recreational marijuana and protections for transgender people.

“You don’t win elections to bank political capital,” Mr. Walz wrote last year about his approach to governing. “You win elections to burn political capital and improve lives.”

Republicans have slammed these policies as big-government liberalism and accused Mr. Walz of taking a hard left turn since he represented a politically divided district in Congress years ago.

Here is an overview of where Mr. Walz stands on some key issues.

Mr. Walz signed a bill last year that guaranteed Minnesotans a “fundamental right to make autonomous decisions” about reproductive health care on issues such as abortion, contraception and fertility treatments.

Abortion was already protected by a Minnesota Supreme Court decision, but the new law guarded against a future court reversing that precedent as the U.S. Supreme Court did with Roe v. Wade, and Mr. Walz said this year that he was also open to an amendment to the state’s Constitution that would codify abortion rights.

Another bill he signed legally shields patients, and their medical providers, if they receive an abortion in Minnesota after traveling from a state where abortion is banned.

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