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Assignment Operators in C

In C language, the assignment operator stores a certain value in an already declared variable. A variable in C can be assigned the value in the form of a literal, another variable, or an expression.

The value to be assigned forms the right-hand operand, whereas the variable to be assigned should be the operand to the left of the " = " symbol, which is defined as a simple assignment operator in C.

In addition, C has several augmented assignment operators.

The following table lists the assignment operators supported by the C language −

Operator	Description	Example
=	Simple assignment operator. Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand	C = A + B will assign the value of A + B to C
+=	Add AND assignment operator. It adds the right operand to the left operand and assign the result to the left operand.	C += A is equivalent to C = C + A
-=	Subtract AND assignment operator. It subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.	C -= A is equivalent to C = C - A
*=	Multiply AND assignment operator. It multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.	C = A is equivalent to C = C A
/=	Divide AND assignment operator. It divides the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.	C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A
%=	Modulus AND assignment operator. It takes modulus using two operands and assigns the result to the left operand.	C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A
<<=	Left shift AND assignment operator.	C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2
>>=	Right shift AND assignment operator.	C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2
&=	Bitwise AND assignment operator.	C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2
^=	Bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator.	C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2
\|=	Bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator.	C \|= 2 is same as C = C \| 2

Simple Assignment Operator (=)

The = operator is one of the most frequently used operators in C. As per the ANSI C standard, all the variables must be declared in the beginning. Variable declaration after the first processing statement is not allowed.

You can declare a variable to be assigned a value later in the code, or you can initialize it at the time of declaration.

You can use a literal, another variable, or an expression in the assignment statement.

Once a variable of a certain type is declared, it cannot be assigned a value of any other type. In such a case the C compiler reports a type mismatch error.

In C, the expressions that refer to a memory location are called "lvalue" expressions. A lvalue may appear as either the left-hand or right-hand side of an assignment.

On the other hand, the term rvalue refers to a data value that is stored at some address in memory. A rvalue is an expression that cannot have a value assigned to it which means an rvalue may appear on the right-hand side but not on the left-hand side of an assignment.

Variables are lvalues and so they may appear on the left-hand side of an assignment. Numeric literals are rvalues and so they may not be assigned and cannot appear on the left-hand side. Take a look at the following valid and invalid statements −

Augmented Assignment Operators

In addition to the = operator, C allows you to combine arithmetic and bitwise operators with the = symbol to form augmented or compound assignment operator. The augmented operators offer a convenient shortcut for combining arithmetic or bitwise operation with assignment.

For example, the expression "a += b" has the same effect of performing "a + b" first and then assigning the result back to the variable "a".

Run the code and check its output −

Similarly, the expression "a <<= b" has the same effect of performing "a << b" first and then assigning the result back to the variable "a".

Here is a C program that demonstrates the use of assignment operators in C −

When you compile and execute the above program, it will produce the following result −

Home » Learn C Programming from Scratch » C Assignment Operators

C Assignment Operators

Summary : in this tutorial, you’ll learn about the C assignment operators and how to use them effectively.

Introduction to the C assignment operators

An assignment operator assigns the vale of the right-hand operand to the left-hand operand. The following example uses the assignment operator (=) to assign 1 to the counter variable:

After the assignmment, the counter variable holds the number 1.

The following example adds 1 to the counter and assign the result to the counter:

The = assignment operator is called a simple assignment operator. It assigns the value of the left operand to the right operand.

Besides the simple assignment operator, C supports compound assignment operators. A compound assignment operator performs the operation specified by the additional operator and then assigns the result to the left operand.

The following example uses a compound-assignment operator (+=):

The expression:

is equivalent to the following expression:

The following table illustrates the compound-assignment operators in C:

Operation Performed	Example	Equivalent expression
Multiplication assignment	x *= y	x = x * y
Division assignment	x /= y	x = x / y
Remainder assignment	x %= y	x = x % y
Addition assignment	x += y	x = x + y
Subtraction assignment	x -= y	x = x – y
Left-shift assignment	x <<= y	x = x <<=y
Right-shift assignment	x >>=y	x = x >>= y
Bitwise-AND assignment	x &= y	x = x & y
Bitwise-exclusive-OR assignment	x ^= y	x = x ^ y
Bitwise-inclusive-OR assignment	x \|= y	x = x \| y

A simple assignment operator assigns the value of the left operand to the right operand.
A compound assignment operator performs the operation specified by the additional operator and then assigns the result to the left operand.

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C Assignment Operators

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An assignment operation assigns the value of the right-hand operand to the storage location named by the left-hand operand. Therefore, the left-hand operand of an assignment operation must be a modifiable l-value. After the assignment, an assignment expression has the value of the left operand but isn't an l-value.

assignment-expression : conditional-expression unary-expression assignment-operator assignment-expression

assignment-operator : one of = *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= ^= |=

The assignment operators in C can both transform and assign values in a single operation. C provides the following assignment operators:

Operator	Operation Performed
	Simple assignment
	Multiplication assignment
	Division assignment
	Remainder assignment
	Addition assignment
	Subtraction assignment
	Left-shift assignment
	Right-shift assignment
	Bitwise-AND assignment
	Bitwise-exclusive-OR assignment
	Bitwise-inclusive-OR assignment

In assignment, the type of the right-hand value is converted to the type of the left-hand value, and the value is stored in the left operand after the assignment has taken place. The left operand must not be an array, a function, or a constant. The specific conversion path, which depends on the two types, is outlined in detail in Type Conversions .

Assignment Operators

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Assignment Operators in C

C Assignment Operators	Example	Explanation
=	x = 25	Value 25 is assigned to x
+=	x += 25	This is the same as x = x + 25
-=	x -= 25	This is the same as x = x – 25
*=	y *= 25	This is the same as y = y * 25
/=	y /= 25	This is the same as y = y / 25
%=	y%= 25	This is the same as y = y % 25

Assignment Operators in C Example

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1. Simple Assignment Operator (=)

Example of simple assignment operator.

2. Compound Assignment Operators


+=	addition assignment	It adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
-=	subtraction assignment	It subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
*=	multiplication assignment	It multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand
/=	division assignment	It divides the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
%=	modulo assignment	It takes modulus using two operands and assigns the result to the left operand.

Example of Augmented Arithmetic and Assignment Operators


&=	bitwise AND assignment	It performs the bitwise AND operation on the variable with the value on the right
\|=	bitwise OR assignment	It performs the bitwise OR operation on the variable with the value on the right
^=	bitwise XOR assignment	It performs the bitwise XOR operation on the variable with the value on the right
<<=	bitwise left shift assignment	Shifts the bits of the variable to the left by the value on the right
>>=	bitwise right shift assignment	Shifts the bits of the variable to the right by the value on the right

Example of Augmented Bitwise and Assignment Operators

Practice problems on assignment operators in c, 1. what will the value of "x" be after the execution of the following code, 2. after executing the following code, what is the value of the number variable, benefits of using assignment operators, best practices and tips for using the assignment operator, live classes schedule.

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Assignment operator in c.

Last Updated on June 23, 2023 by Prepbytes

This type of operator is employed for transforming and assigning values to variables within an operation. In an assignment operation, the right side represents a value, while the left side corresponds to a variable. It is essential that the value on the right side has the same data type as the variable on the left side. If this requirement is not fulfilled, the compiler will issue an error.

What is Assignment Operator in C language?

In C, the assignment operator serves the purpose of assigning a value to a variable. It is denoted by the equals sign (=) and plays a vital role in storing data within variables for further utilization in code. When using the assignment operator, the value present on the right-hand side is assigned to the variable on the left-hand side. This fundamental operation allows developers to store and manipulate data effectively throughout their programs.

Example of Assignment Operator in C

For example, consider the following line of code:

Types of Assignment Operators in C

Here is a list of the assignment operators that you can find in the C language:

Simple assignment operator (=): This is the basic assignment operator, which assigns the value on the right-hand side to the variable on the left-hand side.

Addition assignment operator (+=): This operator adds the value on the right-hand side to the variable on the left-hand side and assigns the result back to the variable.

x += 3; // Equivalent to x = x + 3; (adds 3 to the current value of "x" and assigns the result back to "x")

Subtraction assignment operator (-=): This operator subtracts the value on the right-hand side from the variable on the left-hand side and assigns the result back to the variable.

x -= 4; // Equivalent to x = x – 4; (subtracts 4 from the current value of "x" and assigns the result back to "x")

* Multiplication assignment operator ( =):** This operator multiplies the value on the right-hand side with the variable on the left-hand side and assigns the result back to the variable.

x = 2; // Equivalent to x = x 2; (multiplies the current value of "x" by 2 and assigns the result back to "x")

Division assignment operator (/=): This operator divides the variable on the left-hand side by the value on the right-hand side and assigns the result back to the variable.

x /= 2; // Equivalent to x = x / 2; (divides the current value of "x" by 2 and assigns the result back to "x")

Bitwise AND assignment (&=): The bitwise AND assignment operator "&=" performs a bitwise AND operation between the value on the left-hand side and the value on the right-hand side. It then assigns the result back to the left-hand side variable.

x &= 3; // Binary: 0011 // After bitwise AND assignment: x = 1 (Binary: 0001)

Bitwise OR assignment (|=): The bitwise OR assignment operator "|=" performs a bitwise OR operation between the value on the left-hand side and the value on the right-hand side. It then assigns the result back to the left-hand side variable.

x |= 3; // Binary: 0011 // After bitwise OR assignment: x = 7 (Binary: 0111)

Bitwise XOR assignment (^=): The bitwise XOR assignment operator "^=" performs a bitwise XOR operation between the value on the left-hand side and the value on the right-hand side. It then assigns the result back to the left-hand side variable.

x ^= 3; // Binary: 0011 // After bitwise XOR assignment: x = 6 (Binary: 0110)

Left shift assignment (<<=): The left shift assignment operator "<<=" shifts the bits of the value on the left-hand side to the left by the number of positions specified by the value on the right-hand side. It then assigns the result back to the left-hand side variable.

x <<= 2; // Binary: 010100 (Shifted left by 2 positions) // After left shift assignment: x = 20 (Binary: 10100)

Right shift assignment (>>=): The right shift assignment operator ">>=" shifts the bits of the value on the left-hand side to the right by the number of positions specified by the value on the right-hand side. It then assigns the result back to the left-hand side variable.

x >>= 2; // Binary: 101 (Shifted right by 2 positions) // After right shift assignment: x = 5 (Binary: 101)

Conclusion The assignment operator in C, denoted by the equals sign (=), is used to assign a value to a variable. It is a fundamental operation that allows programmers to store data in variables for further use in their code. In addition to the simple assignment operator, C provides compound assignment operators that combine arithmetic or bitwise operations with assignment, allowing for concise and efficient code.

FAQs related to Assignment Operator in C

Q1. Can I assign a value of one data type to a variable of another data type? In most cases, assigning a value of one data type to a variable of another data type will result in a warning or error from the compiler. It is generally recommended to assign values of compatible data types to variables.

Q2. What is the difference between the assignment operator (=) and the comparison operator (==)? The assignment operator (=) is used to assign a value to a variable, while the comparison operator (==) is used to check if two values are equal. It is important not to confuse these two operators.

Q3. Can I use multiple assignment operators in a single statement? No, it is not possible to use multiple assignment operators in a single statement. Each assignment operator should be used separately for assigning values to different variables.

Q4. Are there any limitations on the right-hand side value of the assignment operator? The right-hand side value of the assignment operator should be compatible with the data type of the left-hand side variable. If the data types are not compatible, it may lead to unexpected behavior or compiler errors.

Q5. Can I assign the result of an expression to a variable using the assignment operator? Yes, it is possible to assign the result of an expression to a variable using the assignment operator. For example, x = y + z; assigns the sum of y and z to the variable x.

Q6. What happens if I assign a value to an uninitialized variable? Assigning a value to an uninitialized variable will initialize it with the assigned value. However, it is considered good practice to explicitly initialize variables before using them to avoid potential bugs or unintended behavior.

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Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

In the example below, we use the + operator to add together two values:

Although the + operator is often used to add together two values, like in the example above, it can also be used to add together a variable and a value, or a variable and another variable:

C divides the operators into the following groups:

Arithmetic operators
Assignment operators
Comparison operators
Logical operators
Bitwise operators

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform common mathematical operations.

Operator	Name	Description	Example
+	Addition	Adds together two values	x + y
-	Subtraction	Subtracts one value from another	x - y
*	Multiplication	Multiplies two values	x * y
/	Division	Divides one value by another	x / y
%	Modulus	Returns the division remainder	x % y
++	Increment	Increases the value of a variable by 1	++x
--	Decrement	Decreases the value of a variable by 1	--x

Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

In the example below, we use the assignment operator ( = ) to assign the value 10 to a variable called x :

The addition assignment operator ( += ) adds a value to a variable:

A list of all assignment operators:

Operator	Example	Same As
=	x = 5	x = 5
+=	x += 3	x = x + 3
-=	x -= 3	x = x - 3
*=	x *= 3	x = x * 3
/=	x /= 3	x = x / 3
%=	x %= 3	x = x % 3
&=	x &= 3	x = x & 3
\|=	x \|= 3	x = x \| 3
^=	x ^= 3	x = x ^ 3
>>=	x >>= 3	x = x >> 3
<<=	x <<= 3	x = x << 3

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values (or variables). This is important in programming, because it helps us to find answers and make decisions.

The return value of a comparison is either 1 or 0 , which means true ( 1 ) or false ( 0 ). These values are known as Boolean values , and you will learn more about them in the Booleans and If..Else chapter.

Comparison operators are used to compare two values.

Note: The return value of a comparison is either true ( 1 ) or false ( 0 ).

In the following example, we use the greater than operator ( > ) to find out if 5 is greater than 3:

A list of all comparison operators:

Operator	Name	Example	Description
==	Equal to	x == y	Returns 1 if the values are equal
!=	Not equal	x != y	Returns 1 if the values are not equal
>	Greater than	x > y	Returns 1 if the first value is greater than the second value
<	Less than	x < y	Returns 1 if the first value is less than the second value
>=	Greater than or equal to	x >= y	Returns 1 if the first value is greater than, or equal to, the second value
<=	Less than or equal to	x <= y	Returns 1 if the first value is less than, or equal to, the second value

Logical Operators

You can also test for true or false values with logical operators.

Logical operators are used to determine the logic between variables or values, by combining multiple conditions:

Operator	Name	Example	Description
&&	AND	x < 5 && x < 10	Returns 1 if both statements are true
\|\|	OR	x < 5 \|\| x < 4	Returns 1 if one of the statements is true
!	NOT	!(x < 5 && x < 10)	Reverse the result, returns 0 if the result is 1

C Exercises

Test yourself with exercises.

Fill in the blanks to multiply 10 with 5 , and print the result:

Start the Exercise

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Assignment Operators in C

Operators are a fundamental part of all the computations that computers perform. Today we will learn about one of them known as Assignment Operators in C. Assignment Operators are used to assign values to variables. The most common assignment operator is = . Assignment Operators are Binary Operators.

Types of Assignment Operators in C

Here is a list of the assignment operators that you can find in the C language:

basic assignment ( = )
subtraction assignment ( -= )
addition assignment ( += )
division assignment ( /= )
multiplication assignment ( *= )
modulo assignment ( %= )
bitwise XOR assignment ( ^= )
bitwise OR assignment ( |= )
bitwise AND assignment ( &= )
bitwise right shift assignment ( >>= )
bitwise left shift assignment ( <<= )

Working of Assignment Operators in C

This is the complete list of all assignment operators in C. To read the meaning of operator please keep in mind the above example.

Operator	Meaning Of Operator	Example	Same as
=	Simple assignment operator	x=y	x=y
+=	Add left operand to right operand then assign result to left operand	x+=y	x=x+y
-=	subtract right operand from left operand then assign result to left operand	x-=y	x=x-y
*=	multiply left operand with right operand then assign result to left operand	x*=y	x=x*y
/=	divide left operand with right operand then assign result to left operand	x/=y	x=x/y
%=	take modulus left operand with right operand then assigned result in left operand	x%=y	x=x%y
<<=	Left Shift Assignment Operator means the left operand is left shifted by right operand value and assigned value to left operand	x<<=y	x=x<<y
>>=	Right shift Assignment Operator means the left operand is right shifted by right operand value and assigned value to left operand	x>>=y	x=x>>y
&=	Bitwise AND Assignment Operator means does AND on every bit of left operand and right operand and assigned value to left operand	x&=y	x=x&y
\|=	Bitwise inclusive OR Assignment Operator means does OR on every bit of left operand and right operand and assigned value to left operand	x\|=y	x=x\|y
^=	Bitwise exclusive OR Assignment Operator means does XOR on every bit of left operand and right operand and assigned value to left operand	x^=y	x=x^y

Example for Assignment Operators in C

Basic assignment ( = ) :

Subtraction assignment ( -= ) :

Addition assignment ( += ) :

Division assignment ( /= ) :

Multiplication assignment ( *= ) :

Modulo assignment ( %= ) :

Bitwise XOR assignment ( ^= ) :

Bitwise OR assignment ( |= ) :

Bitwise AND assignment ( &= ) :

Bitwise right shift assignment ( >>= ) :

Bitwise left shift assignment ( <<= ) :

This is the detailed explanation of all the assignment operators in C that we have. Hopefully, This is clear to you.

Practice Problems on Assignment Operators in C

1. what will be the value of a after the following code is executed.

A) 10 B) 11 C) 12 D) 15

Answer – C. 12 Explanation: a starts at 10, increases by 5 to 15, then decreases by 3 to 12. So, a is 12.

2. After executing the following code, what is the value of num ?

A) 4 B) 8 C) 16 D) 32

Answer: C) 16 Explanation: After right-shifting 8 (binary 1000) by one and then left-shifting the result by two, the value becomes 16 (binary 10000).

Q. How does the /= operator function? Is it a combination of two other operators?

A. The /= operator is a compound assignment operator in C++. It divides the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand. It is equivalent to using the / operator and then the = operator separately.

Q. What is the most basic operator among all the assignment operators available in the C language?

A. The most basic assignment operator in the C language is the simple = operator, which is used for assigning a value to a variable.

Assignment operators are used to assign the result of an expression to a variable.
There are two types of assignment operators in C. Simple assignment operator and compound assignment operator.
Compound Assignment operators are easy to use and the left operand of expression needs not to write again and again.
They work the same way in C++ as in C.

Assignment and shorthand assignment operator in C

Quick links.

Shorthand assignment

Assignment operator is used to assign value to a variable (memory location). There is a single assignment operator = in C. It evaluates expression on right side of = symbol and assigns evaluated value to left side the variable.

For example consider the below assignment table.

Operation	Description
	Assigns 10 to variable
	Evaluates expression and assign result to
	Evaluates and assign result to
	Error, you cannot re-assign a value to a constant
	Error, you cannot re-assign a value to a constant

The RHS of assignment operator must be a constant, expression or variable. Whereas LHS must be a variable (valid memory location).

Shorthand assignment operator

C supports a short variant of assignment operator called compound assignment or shorthand assignment. Shorthand assignment operator combines one of the arithmetic or bitwise operators with assignment operator.

For example, consider following C statements.

The above expression a = a + 2 is equivalent to a += 2 .

Similarly, there are many shorthand assignment operators. Below is a list of shorthand assignment operators in C.

Shorthand assignment operator	Example	Meaning

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There are different kinds of the operators, such as arithmetic, relational, bitwise, assignment, etc., in the C programming language. The assignment operator is used to assign the value, variable and function to another variable. Let's discuss the various types of the assignment operators such as =, +=, -=, /=, *= and %=.

It is the operator used to assign the right side operand or variable to the left side variable.

Let's create a program to use the simple assignment operator in C.

The operator is used to add the left side operand to the left operand and then assign results to the left operand.

Let's create a program to use the Plus and assign operator in C.

The operator is used to subtract the left operand with the right operand and then assigns the result to the left operand.

Let's create a program to use the Subtract and Assign (-=) operator in C.

The operator is used to multiply the left operand with the right operand and then assign result to the left operand.

Let's create a program to use the multiply and assign operator (*=) in C.

An operator is used between the left and right operands, which divides the first number by the second number to return the result in the left operand.

Let's create a program to use the divide and assign operator (/=) in C.

An operator used between the left operand and the right operand divides the first number (n1) by the second number (n2) and returns the remainder in the left operand.

Let's create a program to use the divide and assign operator (%=) in C.

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expression



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specifier


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Assignment operators modify the value of the object.

Operator name	Syntax		Prototype examples (for class T)
Operator name	Syntax		Inside class definition	Outside class definition
simple assignment		Yes	T& T::operator =(const T2& b);
addition assignment		Yes	T& T::operator +=(const T2& b);	T& operator +=(T& a, const T2& b);
subtraction assignment		Yes	T& T::operator -=(const T2& b);	T& operator -=(T& a, const T2& b);
multiplication assignment		Yes	T& T::operator *=(const T2& b);	T& operator *=(T& a, const T2& b);
division assignment		Yes	T& T::operator /=(const T2& b);	T& operator /=(T& a, const T2& b);
remainder assignment		Yes	T& T::operator %=(const T2& b);	T& operator %=(T& a, const T2& b);
bitwise AND assignment		Yes	T& T::operator &=(const T2& b);	T& operator &=(T& a, const T2& b);
bitwise OR assignment		Yes	T& T::operator \|=(const T2& b);	T& operator \|=(T& a, const T2& b);
bitwise XOR assignment		Yes	T& T::operator ^=(const T2& b);	T& operator ^=(T& a, const T2& b);
bitwise left shift assignment		Yes	T& T::operator <<=(const T2& b);	T& operator <<=(T& a, const T2& b);
bitwise right shift assignment		Yes	T& T::operator >>=(const T2& b);	T& operator >>=(T& a, const T2& b);
this, and most also return *this so that the user-defined operators can be used in the same manner as the built-ins. However, in a user-defined operator overload, any type can be used as return type (including void). can be any type including .

Definitions Assignment operator syntax Built-in simple assignment operator Assignment from an expression Assignment from a non-expression initializer clause Built-in compound assignment operator Example Defect reports See also

[ edit ] Definitions

Copy assignment replaces the contents of the object a with a copy of the contents of b ( b is not modified). For class types, this is performed in a special member function, described in copy assignment operator .

replaces the contents of the object a with the contents of b, avoiding copying if possible (b may be modified). For class types, this is performed in a special member function, described in .

(since C++11)

For non-class types, copy and move assignment are indistinguishable and are referred to as direct assignment .

Compound assignment replace the contents of the object a with the result of a binary operation between the previous value of a and the value of b .

[ edit ] Assignment operator syntax

The assignment expressions have the form


target-expr new-value	(1)

target-expr op new-value	(2)

target-expr	-	the expression to be assigned to
op	-	one of *=, /= %=, += -=, <<=, >>=, &=, ^=, \|=
new-value	-	the expression (until C++11) (since C++11) to assign to the target

↑ target-expr must have higher precedence than an assignment expression.
↑ new-value cannot be a comma expression, because its precedence is lower.

If new-value is not an expression, the assignment expression will never match an overloaded compound assignment operator.

(since C++11)

[ edit ] Built-in simple assignment operator

For the built-in simple assignment, the object referred to by target-expr is modified by replacing its value with the result of new-value . target-expr must be a modifiable lvalue.

The result of a built-in simple assignment is an lvalue of the type of target-expr , referring to target-expr . If target-expr is a bit-field , the result is also a bit-field.

[ edit ] Assignment from an expression

If new-value is an expression, it is implicitly converted to the cv-unqualified type of target-expr . When target-expr is a bit-field that cannot represent the value of the expression, the resulting value of the bit-field is implementation-defined.

If target-expr and new-value identify overlapping objects, the behavior is undefined (unless the overlap is exact and the type is the same).

If the type of target-expr is volatile-qualified, the assignment is deprecated, unless the (possibly parenthesized) assignment expression is a or an .

(since C++20)

new-value is only allowed not to be an expression in following situations:

is of a , and new-value is empty or has only one element. In this case, given an invented variable t declared and initialized as T t = new-value , the meaning of x = new-value is x = t. is of class type. In this case, new-value is passed as the argument to the assignment operator function selected by . <double> z; z = {1, 2}; // meaning z.operator=({1, 2}) z += {1, 2}; // meaning z.operator+=({1, 2}) int a, b; a = b = {1}; // meaning a = b = 1; a = {1} = b; // syntax error

(since C++11)

In overload resolution against user-defined operators , for every type T , the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:

& operator=(T&, T);
volatile & operator=(Tvolatile &, T);

For every enumeration or pointer to member type T , optionally volatile-qualified, the following function signature participates in overload resolution:

operator=(T&, T);

For every pair A1 and A2 , where A1 is an arithmetic type (optionally volatile-qualified) and A2 is a promoted arithmetic type, the following function signature participates in overload resolution:

operator=(A1&, A2);

[ edit ] Built-in compound assignment operator

The behavior of every built-in compound-assignment expression target-expr op = new-value is exactly the same as the behavior of the expression target-expr = target-expr op new-value , except that target-expr is evaluated only once.

The requirements on target-expr and new-value of built-in simple assignment operators also apply. Furthermore:

For + = and - = , the type of target-expr must be an arithmetic type or a pointer to a (possibly cv-qualified) completely-defined object type .
For all other compound assignment operators, the type of target-expr must be an arithmetic type.

In overload resolution against user-defined operators , for every pair A1 and A2 , where A1 is an arithmetic type (optionally volatile-qualified) and A2 is a promoted arithmetic type, the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:

operator*=(A1&, A2);
operator/=(A1&, A2);
operator+=(A1&, A2);
operator-=(A1&, A2);

For every pair I1 and I2 , where I1 is an integral type (optionally volatile-qualified) and I2 is a promoted integral type, the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:

operator%=(I1&, I2);
operator<<=(I1&, I2);
operator>>=(I1&, I2);
operator&=(I1&, I2);
operator^=(I1&, I2);
operator\|=(I1&, I2);

For every optionally cv-qualified object type T , the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:

& operator+=(T*&, );
& operator-=(T*&, );
volatile & operator+=(T*volatile &, );
volatile & operator-=(T*volatile &, );

[ edit ] Example

Possible output:

[ edit ] Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

Applied to	Behavior as published	Correct behavior
C++11	for assignments to class type objects, the right operand could be an initializer list only when the assignment is defined by a user-defined assignment operator	removed user-defined assignment constraint
C++11	E1 = {E2} was equivalent to E1 = T(E2) ( is the type of ), this introduced a C-style cast	it is equivalent to E1 = T{E2}
C++20	compound assignment operators for volatile -qualified types were inconsistently deprecated	none of them is deprecated
C++11	an assignment from a non-expression initializer clause to a scalar value would perform direct-list-initialization	performs copy-list- initialization instead
C++20	bitwise compound assignment operators for volatile types were deprecated while being useful for some platforms	they are not deprecated

[ edit ] See also

Operator precedence

Operator overloading

Common operators

a = b a += b a -= b a *= b a /= b a %= b a &= b a \|= b a ^= b a <<= b a >>= b	++a --a a++ a--	+a -a a + b a - b a * b a / b a % b ~a a & b a \| b a ^ b a << b a >> b	!a a && b a \|\| b	a == b a != b a < b a > b a <= b a >= b a <=> b	a[...] a &a a->b a.b a->b a.*b	function call
						a(...)
						comma
						a, b
						conditional
						a ? b : c
Special operators
converts one type to another related type converts within inheritance hierarchies adds or removes -qualifiers converts type to unrelated type converts one type to another by a mix of , , and creates objects with dynamic storage duration destructs objects previously created by the new expression and releases obtained memory area queries the size of a type queries the size of a (since C++11) queries the type information of a type checks if an expression can throw an exception (since C++11) queries alignment requirements of a type (since C++11)

for Assignment operators

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C++ variant can't be assigned as implicitly deleted

Im trying to use a variant to be able to store and access two different classes, Node and Nbody, for a barnes Hutt algorithm. However, I get the error:

error: object of type 'std::variant<Nbody, Blank, std::unique_ptr>' cannot be assigned because its copy assignment operator is implicitly deleted

Here is the header file sections using that.. If more code is nessecary I can provide:

6 std::unique_ptr can't be copied only moved from, if it could be copied then the object it manages would have 2 owners. – Richard Critten Commented 1 hour ago
Please provide a minimal reproducible example that 1) closes the Node class properly, 2) uses the Node class, and 3) demonstrates the error you are seeing. Because I do not see any error when I try using this code: onlinegdb.com/zpQrFpKSn – Remy Lebeau Commented 57 mins ago

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Assignment Operators In C++

In C++, the assignment operator forms the backbone of many algorithms and computational processes by performing a simple operation like assigning a value to a variable. It is denoted by equal sign ( = ) and provides one of the most basic operations in any programming language that is used to assign some value to the variables in C++ or in other words, it is used to store some kind of information.

The right-hand side value will be assigned to the variable on the left-hand side. The variable and the value should be of the same data type.

The value can be a literal or another variable of the same data type.

Compound Assignment Operators

In C++, the assignment operator can be combined into a single operator with some other operators to perform a combination of two operations in one single statement. These operators are called Compound Assignment Operators. There are 10 compound assignment operators in C++:

Addition Assignment Operator ( += )
Subtraction Assignment Operator ( -= )
Multiplication Assignment Operator ( *= )
Division Assignment Operator ( /= )
Modulus Assignment Operator ( %= )
Bitwise AND Assignment Operator ( &= )
Bitwise OR Assignment Operator ( |= )
Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator ( ^= )
Left Shift Assignment Operator ( <<= )
Right Shift Assignment Operator ( >>= )

Lets see each of them in detail.

1. Addition Assignment Operator (+=)

In C++, the addition assignment operator (+=) combines the addition operation with the variable assignment allowing you to increment the value of variable by a specified expression in a concise and efficient way.

This above expression is equivalent to the expression:

2. Subtraction Assignment Operator (-=)

The subtraction assignment operator (-=) in C++ enables you to update the value of the variable by subtracting another value from it. This operator is especially useful when you need to perform subtraction and store the result back in the same variable.

3. Multiplication Assignment Operator (*=)

In C++, the multiplication assignment operator (*=) is used to update the value of the variable by multiplying it with another value.

4. Division Assignment Operator (/=)

The division assignment operator divides the variable on the left by the value on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

5. Modulus Assignment Operator (%=)

The modulus assignment operator calculates the remainder when the variable on the left is divided by the value or variable on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

6. Bitwise AND Assignment Operator (&=)

This operator performs a bitwise AND between the variable on the left and the value on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

7. Bitwise OR Assignment Operator (|=)

The bitwise OR assignment operator performs a bitwise OR between the variable on the left and the value or variable on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

8. Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator (^=)

The bitwise XOR assignment operator performs a bitwise XOR between the variable on the left and the value or variable on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

9. Left Shift Assignment Operator (<<=)

The left shift assignment operator shifts the bits of the variable on the left to left by the number of positions specified on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

10. Right Shift Assignment Operator (>>=)

The right shift assignment operator shifts the bits of the variable on the left to the right by a number of positions specified on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

Also, it is important to note that all of the above operators can be overloaded for custom operations with user-defined data types to perform the operations we want.

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error: object of type 'std::variant<Nbody, Blank, std::unique_ptr>' cannot be assigned because its copy assignment operator is implicitly deleted. Here is the header file sections using that.. If more code is nessecary I can provide: class Node { public: Area area; int depth; using NodeContent = std::variant<Nbody, Blank, std::unique_ptr<Node ...
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Assignment Operators in C

Simple Assignment Operator (=)

Augmented Assignment Operators

C Assignment Operators

Introduction to the C assignment operators

C Assignment Operators

Additional resources

Assignment Operators in C

Assignment Operators in C Example

01 Career Opportunities

1. Simple Assignment Operator (=)

2. Compound Assignment Operators

Example of Augmented Arithmetic and Assignment Operators

Example of Augmented Bitwise and Assignment Operators

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[ edit ] Definitions

[ edit ] Assignment operator syntax

[ edit ] Built-in simple assignment operator

[ edit ] Assignment from an expression

[ edit ] Built-in compound assignment operator

[ edit ] Example

[ edit ] Defect reports

[ edit ] See also

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C++ variant can't be assigned as implicitly deleted

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Assignment Operators In C++

Compound Assignment Operators

1. Addition Assignment Operator (+=)

2. Subtraction Assignment Operator (-=)

3. Multiplication Assignment Operator (*=)

4. Division Assignment Operator (/=)

5. Modulus Assignment Operator (%=)

6. Bitwise AND Assignment Operator (&=)

7. Bitwise OR Assignment Operator (|=)

8. Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator (^=)

9. Left Shift Assignment Operator (<<=)

10. Right Shift Assignment Operator (>>=)

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