problems of city life essay

City Life Essay

500+ words essay on city life.

City life is very busy, fast-moving and restless. All the necessary things are easily available in the city. Life is full of luxuries, and everything is within reach. The city has many things to offer, such as better job opportunities, higher living standards, medical facilities, clubs, shopping malls, stores, restaurants, etc. It has theatres, amusement parks, cricket stadiums etc., for entertainment. People from rural areas are shifting to the cities for a better quality of life. This essay on city life will throw light on the positive and negative aspects of city life. Students must go through it and try to write their own essays. For more practice, they can go through the list of different essay topics, which will help in improving their writing section.

Positive Aspects of City Life

Life in a big city is a whirl of activities. Very often, people from the countryside move to the cities in order to find decent jobs. It offers good educational facilities for children by providing the best schools, colleges and institutions. Cities have always been the hub of innovation, the home of creative thought, art forms, political ideas and many more things. People of the city do not waste their time as they keep doing something to gain growth and success in their life. Cities are well connected with road, railway and flight networks. So, it becomes easy for individuals to connect with other people and grow their businesses as compared to rural areas. Cities have become a potent force for addressing economic growth, development and prosperity.

Negative Aspects of City Life

Cities are very crowded places. The cost of living in the city is high. The houses are small and inadequate due to space limitations. Bad housing conditions can cause various health issues. The environment of the city is very polluted due to the air, water, land and noise pollution. This causes bad health and can infect people with various diseases.

Some of the cities are very dirty due to the lack of a proper disposal system. Also, drainage problems are often found in the city. People do not get fresh air to breathe and natural places where they can rejuvenate themselves. People in the city are often busy, so they do not socially interact with others. They limit themselves to their houses and families. Sometimes, they don’t even know about their neighbours and surroundings.

The impact of the city on a person’s life is both negative and positive. From the bad quality of air to noise pollution and restless life, it has affected peace of mind. But cities are also stimulating as centres of industry, art, science and political power. They are the focus of progress. By reducing the aggressive impact of the city on people, the essential positive aspects of city life can be greatly intensified.

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14.3 Problems of Urban Life

Learning objectives.

• Discuss any three problems of urban life.
• Provide an example of a problem that specifically arises from the fact that cities consist, by definition, of large numbers of people living in a relatively small space.

Life in US cities today is certainly complex. On the one hand, many US cities are vibrant places, filled with museums and other cultural attractions, nightclubs, theaters, and restaurants and populated by people from many walks of life and from varied racial and ethnic and national backgrounds. Many college graduates flock to cities, not only for their employment opportunities but also for their many activities and the sheer excitement of living in a metropolis.

On the other hand, many US cities are also filled with abject poverty, filthy and dilapidated housing, high crime rates, traffic gridlock, and dirty air. Many Americans would live nowhere but a city, and many would live anywhere but a city. Cities arouse strong opinions, pro and con, because there are many things both to like and to dislike about cities.

By definition, cities consist of very large numbers of people living in a relatively small amount of space. Some of these people have a good deal of money, but many people, and in some cities most people, have very little money. Cities must provide many kinds of services for all their residents, and certain additional services for their poorer residents. These basic facts of city life make for common sets of problems affecting cities throughout the nation, albeit to varying degrees, with some cities less able than others to address these problems. This section examines several of these problems.

Fiscal Problems

One evident problem is fiscal : Cities typically have serious difficulties in paying for basic services such as policing, public education, trash removal, street maintenance, and snow removal (at least in cold climates), and in providing certain services for their residents who are poor or disabled or who have other conditions. The fiscal difficulties that cities routinely face became even more serious with the onset of the nation’s deep recession in late 2007, as the term fiscal crisis was used again and again to describe the harsh financial realities that cities continued to face even after the recession officially ended in mid-2009 (McNichol, 2009).

In early 2012, almost three years after the United States officially emerged from the recession, this fiscal crisis persisted. The mayor of Syracuse, New York, announced that her city faced a budget deficit of $16 million and called its fiscal problems “staggering” (Knauss, 2012). Mayors in Rhode Island told their governor that their cities need fiscal aid from the state to prevent them from having to declare bankruptcy. One of the mayors said, “We all have the same issues. Something has to be done this year. We cannot have a study commission. We cannot say ‘we’ll wait until 2013 or 2014.’ This is do or die” (Klepper, 2012). Detroit, Michigan, was in danger of running out of money altogether and being taken over by its state government. The member of the US House of Representatives who represents Detroit said he was seeking aid from the federal government: “Bottom line, I’m asking for federal aid to avoid massive layoffs, especially for our public safety workers. That’s what we actually need to attract businesses here who create jobs. We need safe streets and we need good schools” (Oosting, 2012).

In response to financial problems in these and other cities across the nation, the US Conference of Mayors urged Congress in early 2012 to provide several kinds of aid to cities, including low-interest loans for local rail and road projects and funding for housing and job training for low-income residents (United States Conference of Mayors, 2012).

Applying Social Research

Urban Neighborhoods and Poor Health

Social scientists have long thought that poor urban neighborhoods pose, in and of themselves, significant health risks for their residents. These neighborhoods lack supermarkets with fresh fruits and vegetables, and they lack safe parks and other settings for exercise. They are also neighborhoods with high crime rates and thus much stress. For all these reasons, they should impair the physical health of their residents. Reflecting this argument, the residents of poor urban neighborhoods do, in fact, exhibit significant health problems compared to the residents of wealthier neighborhoods.

Although this argument might sound compelling, the residents of poor and wealthier neighborhoods might differ in other ways that affects their respective health. For example, people living in wealthier neighborhoods are generally more educated and more conscious of taking care of their health. If their health then is better than that of their counterparts in poor neighborhoods, it is difficult to know how much the neighborhood setting itself plays a role in the health of residents.

For this reason, a recent study of a real-life experiment provided compelling evidence of the importance of the quality of a neighborhood for one’s health. In the 1990s, the federal government conducted an experiment in which 1,800 poor urban women were randomly selected and, with their permission, assigned to move from their neighborhoods to wealthier neighborhoods. The women were studied a decade after they moved. In particular, they were weighed and had their blood checked for evidence of diabetes. Their results were then compared to women in their original neighborhoods who were not selected to move away. The women who did move away ended up with somewhat lower rates of diabetes and obesity than those who stayed behind.

The experimental design of this study allowed the researchers to conclude that the change in neighborhoods was the reason for their improvement in these two health measures. Reflecting this conclusion, the secretary of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development said, “This study proves that concentrated poverty is not only bad policy, it’s bad for your health.” A news report observed that the results of this study “offered some of the strongest support yet for the idea that where you live can significantly affect your overall health, especially if your home is in a low-income area.”

The results of this experimental study underscore the need to improve the living conditions of poor urban neighborhoods, as these conditions affect many life outcomes of the adults and children who live in them.

Sources: Ludwig et al., 2011; Stobbe, 2011

Cities experience many kinds of problems, and crowding is one of them. People who live amid crowding are more likely to experience stress and depression and to engage in aggressive behavior or be victimized by it.

Stròlic Furlàn – Davide Gambino – Lots of people – CC BY-ND 2.0.

Another problem is crowding . Cities are crowded in at least two ways. The first involves residential crowding : large numbers of people living in a small amount of space. City streets are filled with apartment buildings, condominiums, row houses, and other types of housing, and many people live on any one city block. Residential crowding is perhaps the defining feature of any large city. In this regard, let’s compare the Manhattan borough of New York City with the state of Idaho. Roughly 1.6 million people live in each location. However, in Manhattan they are packed into only about 24 square miles, while in Idaho they live within 84,000 square miles. Manhattan’s population density , the number of people per square mile, is 68,000 people per square mile; Idaho’s population density is only about 19 people per square mile. Population density in Manhattan is thus 3,579 times (68,000 ÷ 19) greater than in Idaho.

New York is incredibly crowded, but other cities are also very crowded. Chicago’s population density, for example, exceeds 12,200 persons per square mile, while even a smaller city like Cincinnati (population 331,000) has a population density of 4,700 persons per square mile. Even a much smaller city like Ames, Iowa (population 51,000) has a population density of 2,360 persons per square mile. Population density in the small city of Ames is still 124 times greater than in the entire state of Idaho. Residential crowding is thus very high in almost any city in the United States compared to a rural area.

The second type of crowding is household crowding : Dwelling units in cities (apartments and houses) are typically small because of lack of space, and much smaller overall than houses in suburbs or rural areas. This forces many people to live in close quarters within a particular dwelling unit, especially if they are low-income individuals or families.

Some research finds that either type of crowding produces higher levels of stress, depression, aggression and crime. Here an interesting gender difference may exist (Regoeczi, 2008): Household crowding may produce depression in women but not men, and aggression in men but not women.

Although crowding of both types is a problem, then, there is little that cities can do to reduce crowding. This fact underscores the need to undertake other efforts that might address the various consequences of residential and household crowding. In this regard, Chapter 8 “Crime and Criminal Justice” outlined several efforts to help reduce crime and delinquency.

A third problem involves housing . Here there are several related issues. Much urban housing is substandard , as this chapter’s opening news story illustrated, and characterized by such problems as broken windows, malfunctioning heating systems, peeling lead paint, and insect infestation.

At the same time, adequate housing is not affordable for many city residents, as housing prices in cities can be very high, and usually higher than in rural areas, and the residents’ incomes are typically very low. Cities thus have a great need for adequate, affordable housing. According to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (2012), housing is affordable when a household pays no more than 30 percent of its annual income on housing. Low-income households that must spend more than this benchmark may be unable to afford clothing, food, health care, and transportation. Yet 12 million US households pay more than half their annual incomes for housing.

Another housing issue concerns racial segregation . Although federal law prohibits segregated housing, cities across the country are nonetheless highly segregated by race, with many neighborhoods all or mostly African American. In a widely cited book, sociologists Douglas S. Massey and Nancy A. Denton (1993) termed this situation “American apartheid.” They said that these segregated neighborhoods result from a combination of several factors, including (a) “white flight” into suburbs, (b) informal—and often illegal—racially discriminatory actions that make it difficult for African Americans to move into white neighborhoods (such as real estate agents falsely telling black couples that no houses are available in a particular neighborhood), and (c) a general lack of income and other resources that makes it very difficult for African Americans to move from segregated neighborhoods.

Massey and Denton argued that residential segregation worsens the general circumstances in which many urban African Americans live. Several reasons account for this effect. As whites flee to the suburbs, the people left behind are much poorer. The tax base of cities suffers accordingly, and along with it the quality of city schools, human services, and other social functions. All these problems help keep the crime rate high and perhaps even raise it further. Because segregated neighborhoods are poor and crime ridden, businesses do not want to invest in them, and employment opportunities are meager. This fact worsens conditions in segregated neighborhoods even further. Consequently, concluded Massey and Denton, racial segregation helps to keep very poor people living in deep poverty and decaying neighborhoods.

Other research supports this conclusion. As a review of the research evidence summarized this situation, “Whether voluntary or involuntary, living in racially segregated neighborhoods has serious implications for the present and future mobility opportunities of those who are excluded from desirable areas. Where we live affects our proximity to good job opportunities, educational quality, and safety from crime (both as victim and as perpetrator), as well as the quality of our social networks” (Charles, 2003, pp. 167–168).

Against this pessimistic backdrop, it is worth noting that neighborhood segregation in US cities is somewhat less extensive now than four decades ago, thanks in part to fair-housing legislation enacted during the 1960s (Roberts, 2012). Despite this bit of progress, racial discrimination in the housing market continues (see Chapter 3 “Racial and Ethnic Inequality” ), and most African Americans still live in neighborhoods that are heavily populated by African Americans and hence racially segregated (Logan & Stults, 2011). One demographer summarizes this “good news, bad news” situation as follows: “There is now very much more black-white neighborhood integration than 40 years ago. Those of us who worked on segregation in the 1960s never anticipated such declines. Nevertheless, blacks remain considerably more segregated from whites than do Hispanics or Asians” (Roberts, 2012, p. A13).

To improve the socioeconomic status and living circumstances of African Americans, then, it is critical that residential segregation be reduced. Although Latinos live in segregated neighborhoods to a smaller degree, reducing segregation would also help their circumstances.

Children and Our Future

The Plight of Homeless Children

The faltering economy and wave of home foreclosures of the past few years resulted in what has been called a “national surge” of homeless children. The number of children who are homeless at least part of the year now reaches more than 1.6 million annually, equal to more than 2 percent of all American children. Because of their circumstances, they are at greater risk than their housed peers for hunger, asthma and other chronic health conditions, and stress and emotional problems.

They are at also greater risk for poor school performance. Amid the surge in children’s homelessness, the nation’s schools marshaled their resources to help their homeless children. An official with a private charity that helps poor families pointed out the obvious problem: “It’s hard enough going to school and growing up, but these kids also have to worry where they’ll be staying that night and whether they’ll eat. We see 8-year-olds telling Mom not to worry, don’t cry.”

School districts began sending special buses to homeless shelters, motels, and other settings for homeless children and their parents so that the children could continue attending their regular school. They also assigned social workers to help homeless families and other personnel to bring them school supplies, to drive them to look at shelters where they could live, and to perform other tasks. Federal legislation in fact requires schools to take extra measures to help homeless children, but school superintendents say that the federal government has not provided them the necessary funds to carry out the intent of the legislation. This lack of funding adds to their school districts’ already dire financial situation.

Charity Crowell, age 9, was just one of the hundreds of thousands of homeless children the schools were trying to help. During the semester her family became homeless, her grades fell to C’s from her usual high standard. One reason was that she had trouble staying awake in class. She explained why: “I couldn’t go to sleep, I was worried about all the stuff.”

Another homeless student, Destiny Corfee, age 11, became homeless after her parents lost both their jobs and then their house and had to move into their van. The family then parked the van at a Wal-Mart so that their children could go into the store and clean themselves before they went to school. Recalling life in the van, Destiny said, “I was embarrassed that maybe one of my friends might see me. I don’t want anybody to know that I was actually in there.”

Sources: Bassuk, Murphy, Coupe, Kenney, & Beach, 2011; Eckholm, 2009; Pelley, 2011

Homelessness

A related problem to housing is homelessness . In cities throughout the United States, men, women, and children live in the streets, abandoned vehicles or houses, cheap motels, or trailers, or living in someone else’s home temporarily. In cities with cold climates, homelessness can be life-threatening during the winter. But regardless of climate, the homeless are in a dire situation. Some research finds that one-third of the homeless are victims of violence or theft during the year; this rate of victimization is four times higher than that in the general population (Wenzel, Leake, & Gelberg, 2001). Homeless shelters provide some relief against crime, hunger, and the many other problems arising from homelessness, but too few shelters exist to meet the demand, and those that do exist are underfunded.

Homelessness is a major problem in many cities. The federal government estimates that 650,000 Americans are homeless on any given night.

Gilbert Mercier – Homeless in America Los Angeles 1989 – CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.

As should be clear, the problem of homelessness cannot be understood from the problem of poverty (see Chapter 2 “Poverty” ). Wealthy families that lose their homes, as after a fire, usually can expect to find suitable temporary lodging and have their homeowners’ insurance pay for a new home (Lee, Tyler, & Wright, 2010). Poor families who can no longer pay their rent or mortgage payments face eviction and homelessness from which they find it difficult to recover.

It is rather difficult to determine the actual number of homeless persons (Lee et al., 2010). For example, if a family is living literally in the streets, we would all agree they are homeless. But if they are living in an abandoned building or in a cheap motel, should they be considered homeless? Even with an adequate definition of homelessness, it is difficult to actually count the number of homeless persons because it is very difficult to find them all. For example, if researchers count all the homeless people who use all the shelters in a city within a given time period, they still fail to count the homeless people who do not come to a shelter.

Keeping these definition and measurement problems in mind, it is nonetheless worth noting that the federal government estimates 650,000 Americans to be homeless on any given night, and 1.6 million to use a shelter or other transitional housing annually (Lee et al., 2010). Because people move in and out of homelessness, the number of people who are homeless at least part of the year is undoubtedly much higher. National survey evidence suggests that 14 percent of Americans have been homeless at least once in their lives, a figure much higher than that in most European nations (Lee et al., 2010).

The US Conference of Mayors (2011) compiled information on homelessness in twenty-nine cities across the country. This large study yielded the following profile of homeless adults:

• 26% with severe mental illness
• 16% physically disabled
• 15% employed
• 13% victims of domestic violence
• 13% military veterans
• 4% HIV positive

As this profile suggests, the homeless population is at much greater risk for a variety of physical and mental health problems and other difficulties (Lee et al., 2010). In particular, they are much more likely than housed Americans to experience hunger and food insecurity, and they are up to twenty times more likely to suffer from chronic illnesses such as hepatitis, high blood pressure, tuberculosis, and vascular disease. On the average, homeless adults die by their midfifties, about twenty years shorter than the average life span of housed adults.

Traffic and Transportation

A fifth problem of city life is traffic and transportation . For better or worse, a fact of city life that arises from the defining feature of cities—many people living in a relatively small area—is that many people need to travel to get to work or school and to visit stores, museums, and any number of other leisure-time settings. Someone living in a rural area is probably able to drive ten miles to work in no longer than twenty minutes, but someone living in an urban area may easily take an hour or longer to travel the same distance after crawling along in traffic and stopping at light after light, or sitting and crawling along in long miles of traffic on an urban highway.

Traffic is a major problem in cities. The great number of motor vehicles in a relatively small space often leads to gridlock and contributes greatly to air pollution.

joiseyshowaa – World Class Traffic Jam 2 – CC BY-SA 2.0.

One manifestation of the traffic problem in cities is traffic gridlock , when traffic in all directions is barely moving or not moving at all. Gridlock occurs in urban areas, not rural ones, because of the sheer volume of traffic and the sheer number of intersections controlled by traffic lights or stop signs. Some cities have better public transportation than others, but congested traffic and time-consuming commuting are problems that urban residents experience every day (see Note 14.19 “Lessons from Other Societies” ).

Lessons from Other Societies

Making Drivers Miserable to Reduce Traffic Congestion

One of the costs of urbanization and modern life is traffic. Urban streets and highways are clogged with motor vehicles, and two major consequences of so much traffic are air pollution and tens of thousands of deaths and injuries from vehicular accidents. To reduce city traffic, many European cities are trying to make driving so burdensome that commuters and other drivers will seek other forms of transportation. As a recent news story summarized this trend, these cities are “creating environments openly hostile to cars. The methods vary, but the mission is clear: to make car use expensive and just plain miserable enough to tilt drivers toward more environmentally friendly modes of transportation.”

For example, Copenhagen, Munich, and Vienna have banned cars on many streets. Barcelona and Paris have replaced car lanes with bicycle lanes. London and Stockholm now require drivers entering their downtowns to pay a heavy toll charge. Many German cities restrict parts of their downtowns to cars that meet certain limits on carbon dioxide emission. Other European cities have sharply limited the number of parking spaces at shopping malls and other areas, and they have also eliminated on-street parking.

This European strategy to relieve traffic congestion differs greatly from the strategy the United States uses. As a European environmental official explained this difference, “In the United States, there has been much more of a tendency to adapt cities to accommodate driving. Here there has been more movement to make cities more livable for people, to get cities relatively free of cars.”

Zurich, the largest city in Switzerland, has made special efforts to “torment drivers,” said the news story, in the hope that drivers will seek other modes of transportation. For example, it added more traffic lights to cause more traffic delays, and it shortened the length of green lights and lengthened red lights. It also banned cars in one of its busiest downtown areas and elsewhere imposed speed limits of just a few miles an hour so that pedestrians are free to cross the street whenever they want. Although store owners in Zurich worried that they would lose business after their streets were closed to traffic, that effect has not happened because pedestrian traffic increased.

Observing traffic inching through hundreds of pedestrians and bicyclists, a Zurich traffic official was happy. “Driving is a stop-and-go experience,” he said. “That’s what we like! Our goal is to reconquer public space for pedestrians, not to make it easy for drivers.”

In contrast, most American cities have tried to make it easier for drivers through such measures as synchronizing green lights and developing apps to help drivers find parking. However, these measures do not reduce the number of cars and do little to relieve traffic congestion. Instead, they tend to make it more likely that people will want to drive in the downtown areas. In contrast, Europe has tried to relieve traffic congestion by reducing the number of cars. Its model offers more potential for reducing the pollution and other problems caused by traffic, and it is one that the United States should adopt.

Source: Rosenthal, 2011

To help reduce traffic congestion, cities long ago developed various means of public transportation: buses, subways, and light rail. Some cities have better public transportation than other cities; Los Angeles has a notoriously bad reputation for the quality of its public transportation. Yet residents of cities with relatively good public transportation still experience severe traffic congestion, long commutes, and related problems: It is estimated that the average Chicago commuter spends seventy hours per year just sitting in traffic jams (Greenfield, 2011). Public transportation is sometimes faster than commuting by car or SUV but can still be very time consuming. People who take a bus or other public transportation can easily spend an hour or more, depending on how far they have to travel and the quality of their city’s transportation system, traveling to a bus or train station, waiting for their transportation, making any necessary connections, and then traveling to their workplace.

One consequence of traffic congestion is stress. As one mental health expert observed, “Commuters can experience greater stress than fighter pilots in battle” (Greenfield, 2011). Another consequence is huge financial costs. Sitting in traffic wastes both time and fuel. The Texas Transportation Institute (TTI), perhaps the leading scholarly unit for the study of traffic problems, estimates that traffic congestion costs the nation $115 billion annually in wasted time and fuel, or $713 for every auto commuter. Traffic congestion wastes 4.8 billion hours and 1.9 billion gallons of gasoline annually, an amount that would fill more than 200,000 gasoline tank trucks (Schrank, Lomax, & Eisele, 2011). To relieve traffic congestion, TTI recommends significant investments of public funds in public transportation and more efficient designs in private and public transportation systems such as the greater use of electronic toll taking and better timing of traffic lights to increase traffic flow.

Air Pollution

Traffic congestion and the sheer amount of traffic in cities also contribute mightily to air pollution , which we consider here as a separate urban problem. Traffic creates pollution from motor vehicles’ exhaust systems, and some cities have factories and other enterprises that also pollute. As a result, air quality in cities is substandard.

This poor air quality has significant health consequences, as it produces higher rates of respiratory and heart disease and higher mortality rates in cities (Stylianou & Nicolich, 2009). Because even fairly low levels of air pollution can have these health effects (Brunekreef, 2011), cities are unhealthy places and even deadly places for many people.

Both to increase their “carbon footprint” and to get some exercise, many urban residents bicycle in traffic to and from work or bicycle during their leisure time. Ironically, doing so subjects them to air pollution from the traffic surrounding them. This pollution has been shown to impair their cardiovascular and respiratory functioning (Weichenthal et al., 2011).

Because people of color disproportionately live in cities, urban air pollution affects them more than it affects white people. As Chapter 13 “Health and Health Care” noted, this disparity is part of the larger problem of environmental racism . Cities are bad in many ways for their residents, and the air pollution of cities is bad for the health of their residents, who are overwhelmingly people of color in many cities.

If urban residents in general suffer health consequences from air pollution, these consequences are particularly serious and more common among children. Air pollution increases their rates of asthma and other respiratory diseases (Patel et al., 2011). These health problems in turn affect their school performance and can have other lifelong consequences.

Mental Health Problems

Our earlier discussions of crowding and of traffic congestion indicated that stress is one of the most important consequences of these two urban problems. Stress in turn impairs the mental health of urban residents. Much research finds that urban residents have worse mental health than rural residents. In particular, they have much higher levels of mood and anxiety disorders and of schizophrenia (Lederbogen et al., 2011).

Public Education

Yet another issue for cities is the state of their public education . As Chapter 11 “Schools and Education” emphasized, many city schools are housed in old buildings that, like much city housing, are falling apart. City schools are notoriously underfunded and lack current textbooks, adequate science equipment, and other instructional materials.

People Making a Difference

Working to Achieve Social Justice

Nancy Radner has been a tireless advocate for the homeless and for social justice more generally. From 2006 to 2012, she served as the head of the Chicago Alliance to End Homelessness, which works with eighty-four homeless service agencies and manages more than $50 million in state and federal funding for homeless services. The Alliance also gathers and distributes various kinds of information on homelessness and coordinates political, educational, and public relations events to increase understanding of homelessness.

Before joining the Chicago Alliance, Radner was a program officer at the Corporation for Supportive Housing, a national organization that engages in many kinds of efforts aimed at helping the homeless and other low-income individuals find affordable housing. She also served as a staff attorney at the Legal Assistance Foundation of Chicago, where she specialized in housing law.

In 2012, Radner left the Chicago Alliance for another social justice position when she joined the Ounce of Prevention Fund as director of Illinois policy. The Ounce, as this Illinois organization calls itself, advocates for early childhood education and other programs and policies aimed at helping low-income children.

Many people who receive a law degree from a top law school, as Radner did, take a job in a large law firm or with a large corporation and spend their careers helping the wealthy. Instead, Radner chose to use her legal knowledge to help achieve social justice for the poor. She once said of her efforts to end homelessness, “People call us starry-eyed dreamers. But I actually say we’re steely-eyed realists because ending homelessness is not hard. We know exactly how to do it. And what we’re trying to do is create the political will to get it fully done. We can’t prevent people from losing their housing. But what we can do is ensure that if that happens that there’s a system in place to get them out of homelessness really quickly.”

In working her entire career to help the poor and homeless, Nancy Radner has helped make a difference.

Sources: Kapos, 2012; Schorsch, 2010

When many people think about the disadvantages of city life, they probably think about crime, a problem mentioned several times already in this chapter. Their fears are well grounded. Simply put, cities have much higher rates of violent and property crime than do small towns or rural areas (see Figure 14.6 “Crime Rates in Large Cities and Rural Counties, 2010 (Number of Crimes per 100,000 Residents)” ). For example, the violent crime rate (number of crimes per 100,000 residents) in 2010 was almost four times higher in the nation’s largest cities than in its rural counties, while the property crime rate was more than twice as high.

Figure 14.6 Crime Rates in Large Cities and Rural Counties, 2010 (Number of Crimes per 100,000 Residents)

Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2011). Crime in the United States, 2010 . Washington, DC: Author.

Why are city crime rates much higher? Because crime rates take the number of people into account, the answer is not simply that cities have more people than rural areas. Nor is the answer simply that cities have higher poverty than rural areas, because rural areas in fact have higher poverty overall, as we discuss later in this chapter. Rather, an important answer is that cities have higher residential crowding (or higher population density) and also more household crowding, as we saw earlier.

Crime rates are higher in cities in part because the great numbers of urban residents provide many potential targets for criminals.

James Marvin Phelps – Las Vegas Boulevard – CC BY-NC 2.0.

Several reasons explain why higher residential crowding produces higher crime rates. Consider violent crime. For a violent crime to occur, it takes two people to tangle, so to speak. Criminals cannot kill, rob, or assault someone unless there is a “someone” to assault. In a city, there are many potential targets of violence all crowded together into a relatively small space, and thus many potential targets for criminals. In a rural area, potential targets are spread across miles, and a robber can go a long time without ever seeing a potential victim. Many assaults are also committed not by hardened criminals but by people (usually men) who get angry because of some perceived insult. In a city, there is a much greater chance for interaction to occur where someone might feel insulted, simply because there are so many people living within a small space and bars and other venues for them to congregate. A thousand people living on one city block are more likely to encounter each other than a thousand people living across thirty square miles in a rural area. Because there is more opportunity in a city for insults and other problems to occur that lead to violence, more violence occurs.

Cities also have more crowded households than rural areas, as we saw earlier, and these also make a difference for at least two reasons (Stark, 1987). Crowded households are more stressful, and people who experience stress are more likely to be aggressive. Further, people (and perhaps especially young people) who live in crowded households often find they need to “get outside” to be away from the stress of the household and to have some “elbow room” and privacy. But once outside, they are that much more likely to interact with other people. Because, as we just noted, social interaction is a prerequisite for violence, household crowding indirectly contributes to violence for this reason.

Residential crowding and household crowding thus combine to produce higher crime rates in cities than in urban areas. City neighborhoods differ in their degree of both types of crowding, and those that have higher crowding rates should have higher crime rates, all else equal. In sociologist Rodney Stark’s (1987) term, these neighborhoods are deviant places because their structural features, such as crowding, almost automatically contribute to higher crime rates regardless of who is living in these neighborhoods.

Another structural feature of cities helps to explain why they have a higher property crime rate than rural areas. Burglars obviously cannot burglarize a home unless there is a nearby home to burglarize. In cities, there are many homes to serve as potential targets for burglars; in rural areas, these homes are far and few between. Similarly, if someone wants to shoplift in a store or break into a store overnight, they can more easily do so in an urban area, where there are many stores, than in a rural area, where the landscape is filled with trees or fields rather than Walmarts or Best Buys.

Although Stark (1987) coined the term deviant places to refer to urban neighborhoods that had certain features that contribute to high crime rates, his term can also refer to cities themselves. For the reasons just discussed, cities are inevitably much more likely than rural areas to be deviant places. The defining feature of a city—large numbers of people living in a small area—guarantees that cities will have higher crime rates than rural areas. Cities are deviant places precisely because they are cities.

Key Takeaways

• Major issues and problems confronting US cities today include those involving fiscal difficulties, crowding, housing, traffic, pollution, public education, and crime.
• Several of these problems stem directly from the fact that cities involve large numbers of people living in a relatively small amount of space.

For Your Review

• If you were to work for a mayor of a large city to help address one specific problem in that city, which problem would you prefer to work on? Why?
• Americans often seem to blame city residents for many of the problems affecting US cities today, including low academic achievement and rundown conditions in city schools and crime in the streets. Do you think it is fair to blame city residents for these problems, or are there other reasons for them? Explain your answer.

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Social Problems Copyright © 2015 by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

Essay on City Life

Students are often asked to write an essay on City Life in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on City Life

Introduction to city life.

City life is full of hustle and bustle. It’s a place where people from different backgrounds come together to work, live, and enjoy. Cities are filled with tall buildings, busy streets, and lots of entertainment options.

Benefits of City Life

City life offers many benefits. There are better job opportunities, good schools, and hospitals. In cities, you can enjoy diverse cultures, food, and festivals. Public transportation makes commuting easier.

Challenges in City Life

However, city life has its challenges. Traffic, pollution, and noise can be overwhelming. The cost of living is high and life can be stressful.

Despite the challenges, many people prefer city life for the opportunities and excitement it offers.

250 Words Essay on City Life

Introduction.

City life is often described as a double-edged sword, offering a plethora of opportunities yet posing innumerable challenges. The hustle and bustle, the lights and sounds, and the rhythm of the city make it a vibrant place to live.

The Allure of Opportunities

The city is a hub of opportunities, from employment to education. It houses numerous multinational companies, universities, and research institutions, making it a magnet for those seeking to advance their careers or education. The city life also offers a myriad of cultural experiences, with diverse populations contributing to a rich tapestry of traditions, languages, and cuisines.

The Challenges of City Life

However, the very elements that make city life attractive also contribute to its challenges. The pace of life can be overwhelming, leading to stress and burnout. The cost of living is often high, with affordable housing being a major issue. Pollution, traffic congestion, and noise are other significant problems.

City Life: A Balancing Act

Living in a city requires a delicate balancing act between leveraging the opportunities it offers and managing the challenges it poses. It demands resilience, adaptability, and a constant willingness to evolve. Despite the challenges, the city’s allure remains unbroken, as it continues to promise dreams and prosperity.

City life, with its blend of opportunities and challenges, is a unique experience. It is a test of one’s adaptability and resilience, but also a chance to grow, learn, and thrive. The city, with its lights, sounds, and ceaseless energy, is a testament to human ambition and the relentless pursuit of dreams.

500 Words Essay on City Life

The allure of urban living, the pulse of economic activity.

Cities are the epicenters of economic activity. They are the powerhouses that drive the economy of a country. With a vast array of industries, businesses, and services, cities offer a plethora of employment opportunities. This economic vibrancy attracts people from rural areas and smaller towns, transforming cities into hubs of diversity and innovation.

Cultural Melting Pot

Cities are cultural hotspots. They host a myriad of cultural events, festivals, and celebrations that provide rich, diverse experiences. Museums, art galleries, theaters, and music venues are commonplace, offering a platform for cultural expression and appreciation. This cultural dynamism makes city life exciting and vibrant.

Education and Infrastructure

The challenges of urban living.

Despite these advantages, city life is not without its challenges. The cost of living can be high, with expensive housing and daily expenses. The fast-paced lifestyle can lead to stress and mental health issues. Pollution, traffic congestion, and overpopulation are other significant concerns.

The Paradox of Isolation

Ironically, cities, despite their teeming millions, can often be lonely places. The hectic pace of life can lead to social isolation, as people may find it challenging to build meaningful relationships. This paradox of isolation amidst a crowd is a unique aspect of city life.

Adapting to the Urban Jungle

City life, with its unique blend of opportunities and challenges, is a fascinating study in contrasts. It offers a kaleidoscope of experiences that can enrich and transform lives. However, it also demands adaptability and resilience to navigate its challenges. As more people migrate to cities, understanding the nuances of city life becomes increasingly important. It is a journey of discovery, growth, and adaptation, as one learns to thrive in the urban jungle.

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Essay on City Life

Introduction to City Life

Where every street tells a story

City life, a dynamic tapestry of bustling streets and towering structures has evolved into a defining aspect of human civilization. Defined by its relentless pace, cultural diversity, and economic vibrancy, city life encapsulates the essence of modern existence. As urbanization continues to reshape landscapes globally, understanding the complexities and nuances of city living becomes paramount. This essay delves into city life’s multifaceted dimensions, historical evolution, socio-cultural dynamics, economic significance, urban infrastructure, and the challenges and opportunities accompanying the urban experience. Unveiling the layers of city life promises insights into the heartbeat of contemporary society.

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Evolution of Cities

The evolution of cities represents a fascinating journey through human history, reflecting the progression of societies from ancient settlements to modern metropolises. This evolution is characterized by several key stages, each marked by distinct socio-economic, cultural, and technological advancements.

• Ancient Settlements: Cities emerged as early as 4000 BCE in regions such as Mesopotamia, the Nile Valley, the Indus Valley, and ancient China. These settlements, like Ur, Mohenjo-Daro, and Memphis, served as trade, governance, and cultural exchange centers. They established the groundwork for urbanization despite having primitive infrastructure, such as mud-brick buildings and crude sanitary systems.
• Classical Urbanism: The ancient Greeks and Romans further advanced urban development with cities like Athens, Rome, and Constantinople. These cities boasted sophisticated infrastructure, including aqueducts, sewage systems, and monumental architecture. They served as hubs of culture, commerce, and intellectual exchange, fostering the growth of democracy, philosophy, and the arts.
• Medieval Cities: With the decline of the Roman Empire, urbanization regressed in Europe, and cities became fortified centers during the medieval period. Feudalism shaped urban life, with cities like Paris, London, and Florence emerging as centers of trade, craftsmanship, and religious authority. Medieval cities were characterized by narrow streets, dense housing, and guild-based economies, reflecting the hierarchical structure of feudal society.
• Renaissance and Early Modern Cities: The Renaissance era witnessed a revival of urbanism, marked by renewed interest in art, science, and exploration. Cities like Venice, Florence, and Amsterdam flourished as centers of innovation, trade, and cultural renaissance. Urban planning became more organized with the emergence of grand boulevards, public squares, and architectural masterpieces.
• Industrial Revolution: Cities were hubs of industry, trade, and population expansion when the Industrial Revolution began in the 18th and 19th centuries. Cities like Manchester, Birmingham, and Chicago experienced rapid urbanization fueled by industrialization, mass migration from rural areas, and technological innovations. However, industrial cities also grappled with overcrowding, pollution, and social inequality, leading to urban reform movements.
• Modern Metropolises: The 20th and 21st centuries witnessed the rise of modern metropolises characterized by skyscrapers, mass transit systems, and global connectivity. Cities like New York, Tokyo, and Shanghai emerged as economic powerhouses, shaping global commerce, culture, and innovation. Urban planning prioritized sustainability, green spaces, and mixed-use development to address the challenges of urbanization, such as congestion, pollution, and social disparities.

The Rhythm of Daily Life in the City

The city’s daily life rhythm is a symphony of activities, sounds, and movements that compose the intricate melody of urban existence. From the early morning bustle to the nocturnal hum, each day in the city unfolds with a distinct cadence, reflecting the diverse routines and interactions that characterize metropolitan living.

• Morning Commute: The day typically begins with the bustling energy of the morning commute. Streams of people flow through crowded streets, subways, and buses, heading to workplaces, schools, and various destinations. The city wakes up to the collective pulse of footsteps, vehicle engines, and the occasional street vendor setting up shop.
• Work and Productivity: The heart of the day beats in the workplaces and commercial centers. Skyscrapers and office buildings come alive with the rhythm of productivity as professionals engage in meetings, collaborate on projects, and navigate the ebb and flow of daily tasks. Street-level cafes and lunch spots become social hubs, echoing with the clatter of dishes and the murmur of conversations.
• Cultural Interludes: Urban life offers cultural interludes throughout the day. Museums, galleries, and theaters invite city dwellers to pause and immerse themselves in art, performances, and intellectual pursuits. The urban rhythm shifts to a slower tempo as individuals find moments of reflection and inspiration within the city’s cultural tapestry.
• Afternoon Lull: The afternoon often introduces a brief lull in the urban cadence. Streets may quieten down as some take refuge in parks while others continue their work or educational pursuits. The rhythm adapts to the varying tempos of diverse lifestyles, with some seeking relaxation and others remaining entrenched in the day’s demands.
• Evening Rush and Social Vibes: As the workday concludes, the city experiences a crescendo of activity during the evening rush. Streets and public transport echo with the symphony of footsteps, vehicle horns, and lively chatter. Urbanites transition from professional to social spheres, with restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues becoming vibrant spaces filled with the laughter and conversations of diverse communities.
• Nightlife and Tranquil Moments: The night unfolds with a distinctive urban beat. Nightlife districts come alive with music, laughter, and the clinking of glasses. Simultaneously, quieter neighborhoods offer tranquil moments, with the city’s heartbeat slowing to a gentle rhythm. Residents and visitors navigate this dichotomy, choosing between the pulsating energy of city lights and the serene calmness of less frenetic areas.
• Late-Night Ambiance: The late-night ambiance of the city takes on a unique character. Emergency sirens, distant traffic, and occasional revelry create a nocturnal cadence. Night workers, whether in healthcare, public safety, or hospitality, contribute to the continuity of the urban rhythm, ensuring that the city never truly sleeps.
• The Subtle Dawn: As the night wanes, the city embraces the subtle dawn. The rhythm of the morning commute begins anew, signaling the start of another day in the urban landscape. The city reawakens, its heartbeat synchronized with its inhabitants’ daily routines and aspirations.

Socio-Cultural Fabric

The socio-cultural fabric of cities forms the intricate weave of human interaction, diversity, and identity. It encompasses the myriad social relationships, cultural expressions, and communal bonds that define urban life. Exploring the socio-cultural fabric of cities unveils the rich tapestry of experiences, traditions, and values that shape the urban landscape.

• Diversity and Multiculturalism: Cities are multicultural melting pots where individuals of all ancestries, races, and cultures come together. The interplay of diverse perspectives, languages, and traditions fosters a vibrant cultural mosaic within urban communities. From Chinatowns to Little Italys, cities celebrate cultural diversity through festivals, cuisines, and cultural institutions, enriching the social fabric and fostering cross-cultural understanding.
• Social Interaction and Networking: Urban environments provide fertile ground for social interaction and networking, facilitating the exchange of ideas, collaborations, and social connections. Public spaces such as parks, cafes, and community centers serve as meeting points where individuals from diverse backgrounds come together to socialize, network, and build social capital. Social media platforms and online communities further augment social connectivity, transcending physical boundaries and expanding social networks.
• Entertainment and Cultural Opportunities: Cities offer many entertainment and cultural opportunities, from theaters and museums to music venues and art galleries. Cultural institutions serve as hubs of creativity, showcasing diverse artistic expressions and fostering cultural dialogue. Street performances, festivals, and cultural events animate urban spaces, engaging residents and visitors alike in cultural exchange and artistic appreciation.
• Community Cohesion and Identity: Despite the anonymity and transience often associated with urban life, cities nurture strong community cohesion and identity bonds. Neighborhoods serve as microcosms of community life, where residents form social networks, participate in local initiatives, and cultivate a sense of belonging. Community organizations, religious institutions, and grassroots movements play pivotal roles in fostering community cohesion, empowering residents, and advocating for social justice.
• Challenges of Social Fragmentation and Gentrification: However, the socio-cultural fabric of cities has its challenges. Rapid urbanization, economic disparities, and gentrification can fragment communities, displacing marginalized populations and eroding social cohesion. Gentrification, in particular, can lead to the displacement of long-standing residents, cultural homogenization, and the loss of community identity, posing significant challenges to social inclusion and equitable development.

Economic Hub

The economic hub of a city represents the pulsating heart of commerce, innovation, and opportunity. It is a dynamic ecosystem where businesses thrive, employment opportunities abound, and economic growth takes center stage. Examining a city’s economic center reveals the complex interactions between several elements that support the city’s economy.

• Employment Opportunities and Economic Growth: At the core of the economic hub lies the engine of employment generation and economic growth. Cities attract a diverse talent pool, offering many job opportunities across industries. The concentration of businesses, both large corporations and small enterprises, fosters innovation, productivity, and economic resilience. Economic growth in cities often outpaces rural areas, creating a magnetic pull for individuals seeking employment and career advancement.
• Business and Innovation Centers: Business districts and innovation centers often characterize economic hubs as epicenters for entrepreneurship and technological advancement. Silicon Valley, Wall Street, and other renowned business districts worldwide exemplify the convergence of financial, technological, and creative industries. These hubs drive economic growth and propel global innovation, shaping the future of various sectors.
• Global Connectivity and Trade: Cities with a robust economic hub invariably connect to global markets. International airports, seaports, and advanced transportation networks facilitate the movement of goods, services, and professionals, enhancing a city’s role in global trade. As conduits for international commerce, economic hubs contribute to the city’s economic prosperity and stature on the world stage.
• Challenges of Urban Poverty and Inequality: Economic hubs often grapple with urban poverty and income inequality challenges despite economic prosperity. The concentration of wealth can lead to disparities in living standards, access to education, and healthcare. Balancing economic growth with social equity becomes a critical challenge, necessitating inclusive policies, affordable housing initiatives, and social welfare programs.
• Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Economic hubs foster a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship, attracting individuals with creative ideas and a drive for success. Incubators, co-working spaces , and research institutions provide fertile ground for startups and new ventures. This innovation culture propels economic growth and positions the city as a hub for cutting-edge industrial developments.
• Diversification of Industries: Resilient economic hubs understand the importance of diversifying industries to mitigate risks and adapt to changing economic landscapes. Cities that successfully balance traditional industries with emerging sectors ensure sustained economic growth and competitiveness.

Infrastructure and Urban Development

Infrastructure and urban development constitute the backbone of cities, shaping their physical, social, and economic landscapes. The planning, construction, and maintenance of essential facilities and services are pivotal in determining the functionality, sustainability, and quality of life within urban environments. Exploring the realm of infrastructure and urban development unveils the intricate interplay of systems and structures that define modern cities.

• Transportation Networks: Efficient transportation is fundamental to urban development, connecting people, goods, and services. Comprehensive and well-maintained transportation networks, including roads, bridges, public transit, and cycling infrastructure, alleviate traffic congestion, reduce commute times, and enhance accessibility. Integrating smart technologies and sustainable transportation solutions promotes environmental conservation and urban livability.
• Housing and Living Conditions: Adequate housing is a cornerstone of urban development, influencing residents’ well-being and overall quality of life. Urban planning should address diverse housing needs, from affordable housing options to sustainable, mixed-use developments. Balancing density with green spaces, promoting affordable housing initiatives, and implementing inclusive zoning policies contribute to creating vibrant, inclusive neighborhoods.
• Urban Planning and Sustainability: Thoughtful urban planning is essential for creating sustainable, resilient cities. Planners must consider land use, zoning regulations, and green spaces to mitigate environmental impact and balance economic development and ecological preservation. Sustainable architecture, energy-efficient buildings, and green infrastructure initiatives contribute to environmentally responsible urban development.
• Water and Sanitation Systems: Reliable water and sanitation infrastructure are critical for public health and urban resilience. Adequate water supply systems, sewage treatment plants, and waste management programs ensure clean, safe living conditions. As cities face water scarcity and climate change challenges, innovative solutions, such as water recycling and stormwater management, become integral to sustainable urban development.
• Technological Integration: Integrating technology in urban infrastructure, known as smart city initiatives, enhances efficiency and connectivity. Technological innovations maximize resource use, streamline services, and increase urban operation. Examples of these include smart grids, energy management systems, intelligent traffic control, and data-driven governance.
• Green Spaces and Recreational Areas: Accessible green spaces contribute to the well-being of urban residents, providing recreational opportunities and promoting a sense of community. Urban development should prioritize parks, gardens, and other green infrastructure to enhance residents’ physical and mental health . Integrating nature into the urban fabric fosters sustainability and creates aesthetically pleasing environments.
• Cultural and Educational Facilities: Cities flourish when they offer cultural and educational amenities. Museums, libraries, theaters, and educational institutions contribute to urban life’s intellectual and cultural vibrancy. Planning for such facilities ensures cities become centers of learning, creativity, and cultural exchange.

Work-Life Balance in Urban Settings

Work-life balance in urban settings refers to the equilibrium between professional responsibilities and personal well-being that residents strive to achieve within urban environments. Work, commuting, and daily living pressures can frequently result in stress, burnout, and difficulties striking a healthy balance between work and personal life as cities develop and urbanization increases.

• Work Pressure and Commuting: Work in metropolitan environments can be intensely fast-paced, with long hours and rigorous schedules typical of many industries. Commuting in cities can increase stress and take up time that people could spend on hobbies, family time, or other personal pursuits in densely populated places with significant traffic congestion.
• Technology and Connectivity: Technological advancements have made it harder for urban dwellers to put work-related chores on hold outside of regular office hours, blurring the lines between work and personal life. The prevalence of smartphones, laptops, and remote work arrangements means that individuals may feel compelled to remain connected and accessible at all times, potentially encroaching on personal time and leisure activities.
• Urban Lifestyle and Social Pressures: The vibrant social scene and cultural offerings in urban areas can be enriching and overwhelming. Urban dwellers may feel pressure to constantly engage in social activities, attend events, and keep up with the fast-paced urban lifestyle, often at the expense of personal downtime and relaxation.
• Access to Amenities and Services: On the flip side, cities also offer a wealth of amenities and services that can enhance work-life balance for residents. Access to recreational facilities, green spaces, cultural events, and entertainment venues provides opportunities for relaxation, socializing, and pursuing personal interests outside of work commitments.
• Flexible Work Arrangements: A growing number of urban businesses are realizing the value of work-life balance and implementing telecommuting choices, flexible work schedules, and alternative scheduling practices to meet the varied demands and preferences of their workforce. Remote work opportunities and flexible hours can empower individuals to manage their time better and achieve a healthier balance between work and personal life.
• Prioritizing Health and Well-being: Maintaining a healthy work-life balance requires prioritizing physical and mental well-being. Urban dwellers can meet the demands of urban living by exercising, practicing mindfulness, taking up a hobby, and spending quality time with friends and family.
• Urban Planning and Community Design: Thoughtful urban planning and community design can be crucial in promoting work-life balance. Creating walkable neighborhoods, enhancing access to public transportation, and designing mixed-use developments that integrate residential, commercial, and recreational spaces can foster a more balanced lifestyle and reduce dependency on long commutes and car-centric living.

Challenges and Opportunities

From addressing pressing issues to harnessing the potential for positive change , cities are both battlegrounds and laboratories for innovation and progress.

City life epitomizes a dynamic interplay of opportunities and challenges woven into the fabric of modern existence. While urban environments offer unparalleled cultural richness, economic vitality, and social diversity, they also present complexities such as congestion, inequality, and environmental degradation . Yet, within these complexities lie the seeds of innovation, resilience, and human connection. City life thrives on the resilience of its inhabitants, the vibrancy of its communities, and the spirit of progress. As cities evolve, nurturing inclusive, sustainable, and livable environments remains paramount, ensuring that urban landscapes remain vibrant centers of creativity, opportunity, and human flourishing.

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Essay on City Life Vs Village Life for Students and Children

500+ words essay on city life vs village life.

Village life reflects the rural lifestyle and city life shows the urban lifestyle. Life in both rural and urban areas has its own plus points and problems. One is quite different from each other. Traditionally, India is a predominantly rural country as Mahatma Gandhi had said, “The real India lives in villages”. Though India is mainly a land of villages, there are many cities as well in the country.  Life in these big cities is quite different from life in a village. Let us consider, in brief, life in a big city and point out some of its important advantages and disadvantages.

Comparison: City life Vs Village life

The facility of education.

In big cities, there are good arrangements for education. The big college even universities are available.  There are also a very large number of school both government and private in the big city.  These arrangements do not exist in small towns and villages.

Medical Facility

Cities also provide sufficient medical facilities.  Almost in every city, there are good hospitals in which the poor get free medicines and treatment. Many qualified doctors are also there to serve the sick and the suffering. Indeed lack of such medical arrangement is the main drawback of villages.

Amusement and Recreation

Cities also provide many opportunities for amusement and recreation. In every city, there are a number of cinema houses and multiplexes, where we can enjoy with family. Also, a number of restaurants and hotels are available for better food of variety. There are also many parks and gardens where we can enjoy the best natural beauty. Villages are always lacking such facilities.

The Opportunity of Employment

The most important advantages of cities are the availability of huge opportunity for employment . They are centers of trade and commerce as well as offices of many multinational companies . Persons with different qualifications can easily find jobs to suit them.  In villages, employment is available mostly in farming. Due to farming, only seasonal jobs are available to a large population in villages.

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Mixed Culture

Cities are having a variety of people from various cultures. But real India and its customs are highly visible in villages.

Natural Environment

It is fact villages are always natural due to be their self-creation by nature. On the other hand, most cities are manmade. Hence the natural environment of villages is their main attraction. In villages only we may have the charms of birds and flowers or the beauty of the day-dawn.

Pollution and Adulteration

City life is extremely unhealthy due to air pollution, water pollution, and noise pollution . The people are not getting fresh air to breathe or the clear sky to enjoy the sunshine. Also, food in the cities is dirty, unhealthy and adulterated. The villages are very much away from such drawbacks.

Population and Other Issues

In city life is very costly. People have to live with a lot of pomp and show. A simple life as in the villages is almost impossible in the city. Besides, the cities are over-crowded and it is very hard for people to get suitable accommodation. People in the city do not have much sympathy with others even with neighbors. The sympathy and close interdependence which is marked in the village’s life is entirely lacking in the city.

Thus, life in villages and in cities presents two contrasting pictures. There are positive as well as negative aspects of both. Therefore it is up to the individual to make the most of it irrespective of the rural or urban setting that one lives in. I, myself, like to live in a village in the close vicinity of a modern city so that I can enjoy the pleasures both of the city and the village.

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Essays About Cities: Top 7 Examples and 10 Prompts

If you’re writing an essay about cities, discover helpful examples of essays about cities and prompts in our guide to help stir your creative thoughts. 

Cities are the most stable social organization that has stood the test of time. A place achieves city status not only because of the sheer size of its population but also because of its territories, economic development, and political influence . Creating sustainable and resilient cities has attracted significant attention from academics, policymakers, civic groups, and the private sector over the years. This interest is spurred by pressing threats to the livability of cities, such as flooding, pollution, urban migration, and congestion. Whether you live in a city or dream of city life, writing an essay on this topic is a fantastic way to convey your thoughts on this topic. 

Check out below some amazing essay examples and prompts to help you create an insightful essay .

7 Best Essay Examples

1.  cities are scrambling to prevent flooding by casey crownhart, 2. putrajaya: the capital city you’ve never heard of by ronan o’connell, 3. japan’s hidden jewels: the abandoned island of hashima by hannah bergin, 4. planning to preserve — keeping heritage relevant in cities by marcus ng, 5. building the city of the future — at a $41 trillion price tag by aneri pattani, 6. 8 highlights from enabling masterplan 2030 to empower persons with disabilities by shermaine ang and goh yan han, 7. how cities are using technology to solve their trash problems by nell lewis, 10 writing prompts for essays about cities, 1. all about your city, 2. anti-congestion policies in your city, 3. fixing flood-prone cities, 4. green cities, 5. city vs. countryside, 6. cities in the metaverse, 7. what are megacities, 8. criminality in cities, 9. bucket list cities, 10. agriculture in cities.

“In many cases, their existing systems are aging and built for the climate of the past. And even upgrades can do only so much to mitigate the intense flooding that’s becoming more common, leaving cities to come up with other solutions.”

In this article , Crownhart delves into how states across the United States are experiencing unprecedented flood levels that are drowning out entire towns. While a total upgrade is urgent, it is also insanely costly.

“Building Putrajaya from scratch also afforded generous opportunities for innovation. Mahathir’s goal was to make Putrajaya Malaysia’s most eco-friendly urban centre and its most modern.”

In this Essay , O’Connell describes some capital cities we may not know of. Focusing on Malaysia, we learn that Putrajaya aimed to serve as Malaysia’s next capital during the worsening congestion in Kuala Lumpur. Now, Malaysia’s administrative and judicial capital offers the lure and peace of a sleeping eco-haven.

“A coal-mining site during the Meiji Restoration, Hashima has since been completely abandoned. All that remains of the once thriving site, are the crumbling bones of deserted buildings.”

Looking at some economic issues within cities, Bergin describes the coal mining industry within Hashima. Hashima was once a host to a thriving coal mining industry, but people abruptly left once the mine reserves had depleted. Now, the remnants of its glorious industrial past can only be glimpsed through Google images. 

“Preserving historical buildings and neighbourhoods helps to maintain a city’s distinctive character and engender a sense of belonging. The social fabric is also strengthened when planners work with local communities to create new and relevant uses for old spaces such as industrial neighbourhoods.”

The essay visits the culture and heritage preservation policies and efforts across various cultural cities, both old and emerging. Marcus Ng describes the importance of preserving significant buildings that enhance a city’s unique history and culture.

“As cities invest in air-quality sensors, solar-powered trash compactors, self-healing power grids and more, the opportunities for private industry are huge. Experts say there is just one problem: It’s virtually impossible to measure the return on investment for many leading-edge technologies first being put to use by the public sector.”

In the following decades, cities could be shelling out $41 trillion to build their smart capabilities to take living standards to the next level. However, a looming problem remains, and that is estimating a return from this investment. Pattani discusses the importance of building smart and sustainable cities.

“A new task force will work on designing alternative employment models such as micro jobs – temporary, task-type jobs – which can support more people to work, and increase the number of organisations that commit to being inclusive through the Enabling Mark and Enabling Employment Pledge.”

Among the top countries known for its friendliness to persons with disabilities (PWD), Singapore continues to roll out new efforts to make PWDs more at home in this Lion City. This intriguing essay shows how to progress with essential socio-economic growth within a city.

“As urban populations continue to grow, some cities are struggling to cope. Many are turning to new technologies for cost-effective solutions to clean up waste.”

From AI, automation, and converting waste to energy, cities are drawing up innovative measures to address their growing waste problem. In this essay , Lewis describes how technology can be used to tackle recycling issues in condensed and highly populated cities.

Read on to see writing prompts and ideas to help you get started:

This essay could serve as an ultimate city guide. First, write about the history of the city you line in, including the figures that envisioned and helped make the city blueprint a reality. Then, talk about its economic development and architectural changes over the decades. Finally, recommend the best landmarks tourists should visit.

Traffic congestion can easily rob a city of billions of dollars a year. But it remains the biggest challenge, especially for business hubs. For this essay , share how immense the congestion problem is in your city. Then, lay down the solutions being implemented by your city government or proposed by concerned communities.

With the rapid pace of global warming, flooding in cities is now a significant concern that demands urgent action. Look into model cities and highlight out-of-the-box strategies they are undertaking. Some examples could be Tokyo’s $2 billion floodwater cathedral and the Busan floating pontoon city project. You may also share about your own city’s flood mitigation program. 

Beyond improving the environment and reducing pollution, green cities also promote better health and wellness for their citizens. List down your city government’s efforts to shift toward a greener city. If you want to go the extra mile, interview city officials and city planners. You could also talk to groups advocating for green cities to know more deeply about the obstacles preventing your city from going greener and emerging policy proposals. 

The countryside is always a good place to escape the city’s bustle and hustle from time to time. But if you were to choose a permanent residence, would you go to the big city or the countryside? Make a pick by weighing the pros and cons of moving to the countryside or staying in the city. You may also mull over the push in many countries to bring commerce and jobs to the countryside. Answer how this could benefit provinces, promote countryside living and help decongest cities. 

Many companies are investing billions of dollars to become the first movers in the virtual world, where they aspire to build their cities and empire. This is compelling even government agencies to venture into this exciting new world. But what exactly are the opportunities and threats awaiting netizens in the metaverse? Identify the advantages and disadvantages of metaverse-based cities regarding economic opportunities and social development on an individual, community, and national level. 

Megacities are extraordinarily large cities with millions of residents and diverse cultures. Megacities promise greater connectivity, bigger and more reliable infrastructure, and greater integration of technology in everyday life. In your essay , discuss the global upward trend in the attraction of megacities as a center for business and prosperity. 

In your essay , you can try to answer whether community size affects the criminality rate. First, research by gathering available reports that analyze and compare criminality rates in urban and rural areas. Then, cite the primary factors that make cities more prone to criminal incidents. You could also search for the most violent cities in the world and find out factors that drove criminality in these cities to record highs. 

In this light essay , write about the city you’ve been dreaming of travelling to. Then, explain why this is your top pick. Your reasons may relate to the history of the place, grand aesthetic architecture, or even something more personal. To conclude your essay , list down the must-visit landmarks and must-do activities once you get the chance to visit this city.

Urban agriculture is one way to ensure food sufficiency and promote city livelihoods. First, write about model cities aggressively promoting agricultural farming, cultivation, and processing within city centers. Then, talk about your city’s urban gardening initiatives and how this has helped enhance food security. For help with your essays, check out our round-up of the best essay checker . If you are interested in learning more, check out our essay writing tips !

Essay on City Life 500+ Words

City life is a vibrant tapestry of experiences, a place where people from diverse backgrounds come together to create a dynamic and exciting environment. In this essay, we will explore the multifaceted world of city life, highlighting its unique advantages, cultural richness, and the opportunities it offers to its residents.

The Pulse of Urban Living

City life is characterized by its energetic pace. Streets bustle with activity, and the cityscape is adorned with towering skyscrapers and bustling markets. The fast-paced lifestyle is exhilarating for many who thrive on the hustle and bustle.

Opportunities for Education

Cities are often home to some of the world’s most renowned educational institutions. They offer a plethora of learning opportunities, from prestigious universities to specialized vocational schools. City dwellers have access to a wide range of educational choices.

Cultural Diversity

Cities are melting pots of culture and diversity. People from various regions, ethnicities, and backgrounds come together, enriching the city’s cultural fabric. This diversity leads to a multitude of cultural festivals, cuisines, and traditions to explore.

Economic Hubs

Cities are economic powerhouses, offering numerous job opportunities across various industries. They are magnets for businesses, startups, and entrepreneurs, creating a thriving job market and driving innovation.

Public Transportation

City life often boasts efficient and extensive public transportation systems. Residents can easily navigate the city, reducing the need for personal vehicles and promoting eco-friendly modes of transportation.

Cultural Attractions

Cities are home to world-class cultural attractions, including museums, theaters, art galleries, and historic landmarks. These venues offer endless opportunities for entertainment, education, and artistic inspiration.

Access to Healthcare

Major cities typically have advanced healthcare facilities and medical professionals. This access to quality healthcare is crucial for the well-being of residents and ensures prompt medical attention when needed.

Networking and Connections

Cities provide unparalleled opportunities for networking and making professional connections. Individuals can attend conferences, workshops, and industry events to build their careers and expand their horizons.

Challenges of City Life

While city life offers many advantages, it is not without challenges. High living costs, crowded streets, and environmental concerns are among the issues residents may face.

Conclusion of Essay on City Life

In conclusion, city life is a multifaceted and exciting experience, offering opportunities, cultural richness, and a dynamic lifestyle. It is a place where individuals can chase their dreams, access quality education and healthcare, and immerse themselves in a diverse and vibrant culture. While challenges exist, the benefits of city life often outweigh the drawbacks. Ultimately, the decision to embrace city life depends on one’s personal preferences and priorities. Regardless of where one chooses to reside, it’s essential to appreciate the unique qualities that different environments offer and find a place that aligns with individual goals and aspirations. City life, with its opportunities and diversity, remains an attractive option for those seeking a dynamic and enriching experience.

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City Life Essay

City life is modern and fast paced. Everything is constantly changing and developing. The lifestyle is filled with various luxury and convenient amenities. Cities are the most alluring location that draws individuals from rural areas. Due to the availability of commercial, economic, and cultural facilities, many individuals enjoy comfortable lives in cities. Here are a few sample essays on the topic ‘city life’.

100 Words Essay On City Life

200 words essay on city life, 500 words essay on city life.

A big city's urban environment is constantly expanding and changing. There are countless options for learning and development in large cities. They offer an opportunity for career and personal development. People tend to be more intellectual and smarter than those who reside in rural towns and villages because of the exposure to urban life. The pace of life in the city is extremely quick, and only people with sharp wits and adaptable personality can thrive there. In contrast to towns and villages, there is a wider potential for personal development. Moreover, children who live in large cities have access to better schools and universities, which provides them with the chance for holistic development.

Living in a big city is interesting and always changing. For those who live in a large city, there are several opportunities to study and develop. These cities offer the opportunity to advance both personally and professionally. Due to the type of exposure they receive, people who live in major cities tend to be smarter than those who do in small towns and villages.

Business and Economic Opportunities

In contrast to villages and small towns, where the possibilities are restricted, big cities provide fantastic employment chances and lucrative commercial opportunities. There are many businesses and sectors operating here that provide excellent employment prospects to persons with various educational backgrounds. Additionally, these cities provide promising commercial opportunities. An important benefit is how well connected these cities are to the rest of the country. It aids in business growth and interacting with customers that reside in various cities.

Educational Opportunities

Primary and secondary schools can be found in large cities and have strong facilities. These schools have highly educated and skilled staff members and administrators. They emphasise the students' overall development and growth. These cities have also been home to a number of prestigious colleges. They provide specialised education and prepare students to pursue their chosen fields of study.

Big cities unquestionably have a plethora of opportunities. In contrast to small towns, where the options are restricted, big cities provide a wide variety of employment and business opportunities. As the industrial sector expands daily, more and more workers are needed to cover a variety of professions. Therefore, individuals with various levels of education and job experience are needed here. Many of the workplaces hire individuals with just rudimentary knowledge of the relevant profession and train them while they work there.

Large cities are also home to a large number of educational institutions and training facilities that prepare people for employment in a variety of fields. A person who is eager to learn and put in the necessary effort will find plenty of opportunities.

Pros of City Life

Access to electricity is the primary benefit of city living. Most residences in cities have electricity, which is helpful for many because it is uncommon for rural places to have access to it.

You have access to better roads and more efficient modes of transportation if you live in a city. Cities also have more convenient retail centres. Compared to a company in a rural setting, a company in a city has a higher chance of expanding and growing.

The city is home to an increasing number of educational institutions. As a result, these residents have higher levels of educational attainment than rural residents.

In the city, access to healthcare is very easy. Because the majority of the main hospitals and top doctors are located in the area, you can receive better healthcare there.

Access to entertainment is another benefit of living in a city apartment. The city is home to a wide variety of attractions, including museums, theatres and parks.

Cons of City Life

The cost of living is higher in the city than it is in the village. In comparison to rural areas, the cost of food, housing, water, and power is very expensive in cities.

The crowded streets are another drawback of city living. Traffic in the city is an issue since there are so many automobiles, especially during rush hour when people are travelling to and from work.

The city has extremely high pollution levels. Industrialization leads to environmental pollution, which is brought on by improper waste management.

Sewage systems are just another unfavourable aspect of city life. Many people use the same sewage system, which might become clogged if it is not properly maintained.

One may say that life is chaotic in major cities. Everything is in a state of change. People are cut off from nature and live in a concrete jungle. Although they may have a pleasant existence, their mental tranquillity can be sacrificed in order to obtain this comfort. If you have a reliable income, city living can be wonderful. These days, rural areas are also growing owing to all the government developmental programmes and projects. But living in a city has far more advantages than in a rural region, which is why so many people migrate there.

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