rocket experiment with baking soda and vinegar

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How to Make a Baking Soda and Vinegar Rocket

Last Updated: August 30, 2023 Approved

This article was co-authored by Meredith Juncker, PhD . Meredith Juncker is a PhD candidate in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. Her studies are focused on proteins and neurodegenerative diseases. wikiHow marks an article as reader-approved once it receives enough positive feedback. This article has 12 testimonials from our readers, earning it our reader-approved status. This article has been viewed 1,007,179 times.

Making a baking soda and vinegar rocket is a great idea for a science project, or a fun activity to do with a friend or family member at home. Start by assembling the body of the rocket complete with rocket fins. Use PVC pipe to make a sturdy, reusable launcher. Once you are ready for some action, head outside to an open area to launch your rocket.

Things You Should Know

• Roll a 7 by 9 in (18 by 23 cm) piece of thin cardboard into a cone and tape the cone to the bottom of a 20-ounce (591-mL) soda bottle.
• Cut 5 inches (13 cm) from the end of a PVC pipe to make the launcher. Put the opening of the bottle inside the pipe and fill the bottle halfway with vinegar.
• Put 1 tablespoon (15 ml) of baking soda on a paper towel and fold it into a packet. Drop the packet in the bottle, cork the opening, and put the bottle cork-side down in the launcher.

Assembling the Body of the Rocket

• Use your hands to adjust the cardboard to get the perfect cone shape.

• If the cone is too large for the bottle, then trim the opening of the cone until it is just the right size.

• Folding the long edge of each right triangle by 1 ⁄ 2 inch (1.3 cm).
• Cutting 2 slits, 2 inches (5.1 cm) apart along the creased edge to make 3 tabs.
• Folding the middle tab backward.
• Taping each fins’ tabs to the bottle using duct tape.

Building the Launcher

• Make sure the circumference of the pipe is large enough so that the top of the soda bottle can fit inside.
• You can purchase PVC pipe from your local hardware store.
• Have another person hold the other end of the pipe to keep it steady while you cut, or use clamps to hold the pipe in place.

• If the opening of the bottle is touching the ground, then you will need to cut a larger piece of PVC pipe.

Launching the Rocket

• The paper towel acts as a time release. This way, you will have enough time to step away from the rocket before it explodes.
• If the paper towel breaks, exposing the baking soda, then use a new paper towel.

• Pick a spot outside where you can make a mess.
• The cone part of the rocket should be facing toward the sky.
• If the rocket does not explode, then you may have secured the cork too tightly.

Expert Q&A

• Wear safety goggle to protect your eyes. Thanks Helpful 5 Not Helpful 3
• Do not point the rocket toward yourself or others. Thanks Helpful 3 Not Helpful 2
• Avoid launching the rocket near cars, houses, windows, and other fragile or valuable items. Thanks Helpful 3 Not Helpful 2

Things You Will Need

• Empty 20-ounce (591-mL) soda bottle
• Thin cardboard
• Permanent marker
• White distilled vinegar
• Paper towel
• Baking soda

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://formufit.com/pages/how-to-cut-pvc-pipe
• ↑ https://www.stevespanglerscience.com/lab/experiments/acid-base-rocket/
• ↑ https://teachbesideme.com/quick-bottle-rockets/

About This Article

To make a baking soda and vinegar rocket, you’ll need an empty plastic bottle, 3 pencils, duct tape, a cork, a paper towel, baking soda, and vinegar. First, use the duct tape to attach the pencils to the plastic bottle to make a stand for your rocket. Then, place 1 scoop of baking soda in the middle of the paper towel, and roll the paper towel up over it. Twist the ends to keep it secure. Next, pour the vinegar into the bottle until it’s halfway full. Take your rocket outside to a wide-open area, drop the pack of baking soda into the bottle, and quickly close the bottle with the cork. Shake the rocket, stand it up on the ground, and stand back! Carbon dioxide gas will build up in the bottle until the pressure pops out the cork and sends your rocket flying. For more tips from our Science co-author, including how to fix your rocket if it doesn't explode, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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How to Make a Baking Soda Rocket

January 27, 2022 By Emma Vanstone 6 Comments

Here at Science Sparks, we love anything space related, especially rockets! This baking soda rocket is one of our favourites, as it’s super easy to set up and can be launched over and over again!

I also have a water powered bottle rocket , film canister rocket and squeezy bottle rocket you can try too!

How to make a baking soda rocket

To make a baking soda rocket, you will need.

Small 500ml bottle – empty

Cork which fits tightly inside the neck of the bottle

Half a piece of kitchen roll ( paper towel )

One tablespoon baking soda – bicarbonate of soda

Vinegar or lemon juice

Instructions

Use the tape to attach three straws to the side of the bottle, so it stands up upside down.

Pour about 2 cm of vinegar into the bottle.

Wrap the baking soda in the kitchen roll to make a little parcel.

Choose a launch area outside. It needs to be a hard surface.

When you’re ready to launch, drop the baking soda parcel into the bottle, quickly add the cork, put the rocket down and stand back!

Warning – make sure you have a clear, empty space and keep observers well back from the launch site as the rocket shoots up very quickly.

Baking Soda Rocket Top Tips

The cork needs to be tight, so the gas cannot escape.

To slow down the reaction, wrap the baking soda ( bicarbonate of soda ) in half a sheet of kitchen roll before adding it to the bottle. This slows down the reaction and gives you time to put the cork in and stand the rocket up.

Why does a baking soda rocket work?

Baking soda and vinegar react to neutralise each other, which releases carbon dioxide gas.

The carbon dioxide gas builds up inside the plastic bottle. When the pressure of the gas in the bottle is high enough, the cork is forced out of the bottle.

The downward force of the cork being forced out of the bottle creates an upward thrust force which makes the bottle shoot up into the air. This is an example of Newton’s Third Law.

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Warning – Take care when setting this up, and wear eye protection as the bottle can shoot up very quickly!

Download my Baking Soda Rocket instructions here.

Baking Soda Rocket Extension Tasks

Different combinations of vinegar and baking soda.

Try experimenting with different amounts of vinegar and baking soda to find the perfect combination. Remember, you don’t want the reaction to happen too quickly, but enough gas needs to be produced to force the cork out of the bottle!

Lemon juice as rocket fuel

Try lemon or lime juice instead of vinegar. Investigate whether lemon/lime juice is as effective as vinegar.

More Space Science Experiments for Kids

Discover how craters are formed using marbles, flour and hot chocolate powder.

Or why not set up your very own space camp ?

If you’re looking for EVEN more space science ideas, you can find SEVENTY exciting space-themed experiments in my book This IS Rocket Science !

Last Updated on April 9, 2024 by Emma Vanstone

Safety Notice

Science Sparks ( Wild Sparks Enterprises Ltd ) are not liable for the actions of activity of any person who uses the information in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources. Science Sparks assume no liability with regard to injuries or damage to property that may occur as a result of using the information and carrying out the practical activities contained in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources.

These activities are designed to be carried out by children working with a parent, guardian or other appropriate adult. The adult involved is fully responsible for ensuring that the activities are carried out safely.

Reader Interactions

October 09, 2020 at 11:29 am

Tried this today with my children at nursery. It went so well we had to do it 3 times. They loved it and was a great way to celebrate space week!

October 12, 2020 at 11:30 am

That’s brilliant to know, thank you!

April 03, 2024 at 11:28 pm

This is a great project for a school science fair, I did this with my 2 friends and it went great! we used lemon juice instead of vinegar because my friend was very allergic to strong acidic smells. this was a good project ! highly recommended.

July 23, 2021 at 9:42 pm

What is ‘kitchen roll’?

July 24, 2021 at 7:38 pm

Sorry, it’s maybe known to you as kitchen towel? Basically a disposable roll of thick tissue used in the kitchen!

March 15, 2022 at 5:19 pm

Daughter loved these experiments! Great way to pass March Break. Playing and learning…. 🙂

Baking Soda Rocket

Your rocket will fly up, up and away with vinegar and baking soda!

Big Idea Everyday kitchen items can be used to create simple chemical reactions.

Download PDF

• Empty plastic bottle
• Cork that fits the bottle
• Toilet paper or tissue paper
• 3 pencils/pens (for tripod)
• Baking Soda

Setup At a table lined with newspaper, set out the empty plastic bottle, 3 pencils or 3 pens, and duct tape.

• Begin by creating your rocket. Use an empty plastic bottle, three pencils or pens and duct tape. Make sure that your bottle is corked and standing on the three pencils or pens creating a tripod.
• Next, step is creating the rocket fuel or baking soda packets. Cut a square piece of toilet paper or ½ piece of tissue then put 1 scoop of Baking Soda in the middle and roll it together tight. Be sure to twist the ends of the toilet paper or tissue so it will fit inside the opening of the bottle. Make several baking soda packets.
• Go outside to an open area about six feet away from buildings or cars and find a flat, safe launching “pad”. Set up a video recorder so you can record your rocket launch (and send your results back to KCM!).
• Next, have an adult with safety glasses fill the empty plastic container with vinegar using the funnel.
• Very carefully place one of the baking soda packets into the plastic container, put cork on and quickly get away.
• Watch what happens. Guess how high you think the rocket will go? How long does it take to happen? When the lid pops off the rocket should launch. This could take several tries. Tip: Make sure your cork is secure and your rocket is standing on the pencils or pens.
• Then try changing the amount of baking soda to vinegar ratio. What do you think will happen?

Baking soda and vinegar mix together to create a reaction resulting in water and carbon dioxide gas. The pressure of the carbon dioxide gas forces the cork to pop off and the rocket to launch. This is an example of Newton’s third Law of Motion. When you apply a force in one direction, the opposite equal reaction will take place in the opposite direction.

8) Be good to the earth and rinse away the baking soda and vinegar residue left behind the experiment.

Investigation Questions:

• What do you think will happen when the baking soda and vinegar are in the rocket?
• Guess how high you think the rocket will go.
• How long does it take to happen?
• What happens when you change the ratio of baking soda to vinegar?

Learning Standards

1.A Demonstrate understanding through age-appropriate responses. Children will create their own unique Baking Soda Rocket following the teacher’s simple one, two, and three step directions.

7.A Measure objects and quantities using direct comparison methods and non-standard units. Children will measure out 1TBS baking soda to put into the packets.

10. A Generate questions and processes for answering them. Children will begin to make and ask meaningful questions and answers with a little teacher support

12.C Explore the physical properties of objects. Children will explore and discuss simple chemical reactions with the baking soda and vinegar with the teacher assistance

The Museum will be CLOSED Monday, September 2 for the Labor Day Holiday.

Please note the Museum’s air conditioning is currently out of order. We apologize for any discomfort while it is being repaired.

Quick Bottle Rockets With Baking Soda & Vinegar

This post may contain affiliate links.

How to Make a Bottle Rocket

Supplies you’ll need:

Corks Small plastic bottles (water bottles or small soda bottles work great) Baking Soda Vinegar Small squares of tissue paper or toilet paper Funnel

Pour about an inch worth of vinegar into the bottom of the bottle.

Put about a teaspoon of baking soda onto the tissue square and fold it up (this will create a time-release packet).

This is most definitely an outside project!  You can get as messy as you want. When you are ready to watch it explode, drop the baking soda packet in, put on the cork- tight, but not too tight- and let it explode.  Place it cork side down to watch it fly!

You can do it two different ways.  Right side up, the cork just pops out.  If you do it with the cork side down, the bottle flies up- that is lots more fun!  It happens so quickly that it surprises you!

Watch us make our bottle rockets:

How does the baking soda & vinegar bottle rocket work, find more awesome science activities in my new book: science art & drawing games for kids.

Former school teacher turned homeschool mom of 4 kids. Loves creating awesome hands-on creative learning ideas to make learning engaging and memorable for all kids!

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Newest follower from Mom’s library! Would love it if you could come by and follow back? Erica http://www.ericastartwalking.com

Hi Karyn, just stopping by to say how delightful your blog is. Thanks so much for sharing. I have recently found your blog and am now following you, and will visit often. Please stop by my blog and perhaps you would like to follow me also. Have a wonderful day. Hugs, Chris http://chelencarter-retiredandlovingit.blogspot.ca/

How fun!!!!

Hi, loved this so much I featured it on this week’s Mom’s Library! Hop over and grab a ‘I was featured on Hey Mommy, Chocolate Milk” button! Also, we are having a great Christmas Give-Away to raise awareness for the Ornaments 4 Orphans organization! Can’t wait to see what you have to link up this week!

Julie @ Hey Mommy, Chocolate Milk http://heymommychocolatemilk.blogspot.com/2012/12/moms-library-8-for-me-and-give-away.html

Best day!!! I was looking at making a bottle rocket for an activity coming up and just clicked on a link without lookin at the website, and I see the cutest video with one of my college roommates in it. It was so wonderful seeing your beautiful face. And you made the rockets look very easy and doable.

<3 Thanks Kelley! Love you, friend!

Can you tell me if you use water bottles that the cork does not fit can you put duct tape around the cork Should you also use pencils?

You want the cork to be able to easily pop out. If you used duct tape to make the cork a little bigger, that would probably work, but do not tape it to the bottle. Not sure what you mean about the pencils?

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Ash in The Wild

Where Every Journey Begins with a Spark of Discovery

Bottle Rocket Vinegar And Baking Soda: A Fun Experiment For Kids

Introduction

Looking for a fun and educational activity to do with your kids? Why not try making a bottle rocket using vinegar and baking soda? This simple experiment will not only entertain your little ones but also teach them about chemical reactions and the laws of motion. In this article, we will guide you through the steps of making a bottle rocket using household items and explain the science behind it.

Materials Needed

Before we begin, gather the following materials:

• A plastic bottle
• Baking soda
• A cork or rubber stopper
• A bicycle pump or a pump with a needle attachment
• Optional: food coloring for a colorful explosion

Follow these steps to create your bottle rocket:

Step 1: Prepare the Bottle

Start by removing the cap from the plastic bottle and rinsing it out with water to ensure there are no remaining liquids or debris inside. Dry the bottle thoroughly before moving on to the next step.

Step 2: Add Vinegar

Using a funnel, pour vinegar into the plastic bottle until it is about one-third full. This will be the fuel for your rocket.

Step 3: Add Baking Soda

Measure two tablespoons of baking soda and carefully pour it into a small piece of tissue paper or a plastic bag. Fold or twist the paper/bag to create a small packet. This will prevent the baking soda from reacting with the vinegar prematurely.

Step 4: Insert the Baking Soda Packet

Insert the baking soda packet into the bottle, making sure it is securely positioned near the vinegar. You may need to use a long stick or pencil to push it down gently.

Step 5: Seal the Bottle

Quickly place the rubber stopper or cork on top of the bottle, ensuring a tight seal. This will trap the gas produced by the chemical reaction.

Step 6: Pump the Bottle

Attach the pump to the needle or valve on the rubber stopper and start pumping air into the bottle. The pressure will build up as the baking soda reacts with the vinegar, creating carbon dioxide gas.

Step 7: Launch the Rocket

Once the pressure is high enough, the cork or stopper will pop off, propelling the bottle rocket into the air. Stand back and watch the exciting explosion!

The Science Behind It

The reaction between vinegar (acetic acid) and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) produces carbon dioxide gas. As the gas builds up inside the sealed bottle, pressure increases, eventually causing the cork or stopper to shoot off. This is an example of a chemical reaction and demonstrates the concept of gas expansion and the release of energy.

Safety Precautions

While this experiment is generally safe, it’s important to take some precautions:

• Adult supervision is necessary, especially when handling the pump and launching the rocket.
• Ensure that the rocket is pointed away from people, animals, and fragile objects.
• Keep a safe distance from the rocket during launch to avoid any accidents.
• Wear safety glasses or goggles to protect your eyes from any potential debris.

Making a bottle rocket using vinegar and baking soda is an exciting and educational activity for kids. It teaches them about chemical reactions, pressure, and energy release in a hands-on and engaging way. So, gather your materials and enjoy a fantastic adventure with your little scientists!

Babble Dabble Do

How To Make Baking Soda Rockets

July 30, 2020 by Ana Dziengel Leave a Comment

Never underestimate baking soda rockets . The chemical reaction used to launch Blast-Off Bottle Rockets produces enough carbon dioxide to propel the bottle high into the sky! So high that one of the three rockets I made is currently sitting in our persimmon tree 30 feet above ground. I may see it again in December when the tree loses its leaves.

This post is sponsored by Arm & Hammer. All opinions are my own.

Today’s  Arm & Hammer Summer Camp science project  will require adult supervision at launch time.  Of all the experiments we did for camp this one elicited the most gasps and excitement. I mean how can you not love the anticipation of a good rocket launch?

Today’s project is the fourth science experiment in a fantastic summer resource,  Arm & Hammer Summer Camp . I’ve enjoyed being the camp science counselor so much!

Blast Off Baking Soda Rockets

Downloadable directions here, materials .

• Safety glasses
• Empty 2-liter soda bottle
• 3 tablespoons ARM & HAMMER™ Baking Soda
• 2-3 cups vinegar
• Construction paper/Cardboard Use to decorate rocket
• Cork (make sure it will fit mouth of soda bottle)
• Paper towels
• Measuring cup, funnel

Instructions

Time needed: 30-45 minutes

Secure 3 pencils to the bottle using duct tape to make “legs” for your rocket. The bottle opening should be facing down when the bottle is placed on its legs. Make sure the legs are placed high enough to allow for 1-2” of space between the bottle opening and the flat surface below.

Decorate the bottle with duct tape, paper, and/or cardboard to make a rocket as desired.

Turn the bottle over so that the pencil legs are facing up. Add 2-3 cups of vinegar to the bottle and cork it. Set aside.

Cut a paper towel into a square. Add 2-3 tablespoons of ARM & HAMMER Baking Soda onto the paper towel. Roll the paper towel tightly enough so that it will fit inside bottle opening. DON’T add it to the bottle yet!

Add duct tape to one end to keep the baking soda from spilling out.

Take everything outside to clear open area.

Adults or older kids only: I highly recommend wearing safety goggles for the following steps. Place the rocket upside down and remove the cork. Working quickly, place your paper towel packet inside the bottle and plug with cork. Turn the bottle over, place on its ’legs’ and STAND BACK! Watch as the rocket soars into the sky.

• Safety Note: It may take a moment for the reaction to build up enough gas to launch the rocket. Give it time!
• The weight of your rocket will affect how far it launches. Our rocket covered in cardboard launched about 15 feet into the air while the rocket without any decorations fellow about 30 feet high.

The science behind baking soda bottle rockets

Similar to yesterday’s experiment we are working with an acid base chemical reaction in this project. When the vinegar and baking soda react one of the bi-products of the reaction is the production of carbon dioxide gas.

When we cork the bottle while the reaction is occurring, the gas has nowhere to escape. It builds up inside the bottle until it reaches a point where the pressure inside the bottle is great enough to push the cork out and launch the bottle into the sky! Head over to the science section of yesterday’s post here to learn even more about what is happening in this reaction.

I have to admit that I had never made the classic baking soda and vinegar rockets before this. I honestly thought that the amount of gas produced in this reaction would never be enough to really launch a bottle rocket…but I was completely wrong!

And if you missed them, see the past three experiments in our camp series here:

• Tie Dyed Slime
• DIY Lava Lamp
• Fizzing Hands

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Home » Articles » STEM » STEM Engineering » How to make Homemade Rocket with Vinegar and Baking Soda

How to make Homemade Rocket with Vinegar and Baking Soda

Space…the final frontier. our mission is to boldly go where no rocket on vinegar and baking soda has ever gone before, article contents.

“Status Number One?” “All systems ready to launch captain.” “Engage!” Jean-Luc Picard

What better way to start today’s activity than with the familiar dialog between captain Picard and his first officer from the popular TV show Star Trek? Because today we will show you how to make a homemade rocket and launch it on its very first exploration mission! All we need for our propulsion system is a little vinegar and baking soda. This is an excellent science fair project or school project that will impress everyone and showcase your engineering and science skills.

The science behind rockets

In the distant past, launching a rocket device was largely a matter of chance. It may fly, it may explode or it may fizzle. All advancements in that field were made on a lengthy process of trial and error. 

That all changed when humans started to use scientific and mathematical principles of motion . That started in 17. century with great scientists like Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton . Galileo discovered that moving objects don’t need the continuous application of force to continue moving if there is an absence of friction and drag (in a vacuum). Galileo discovered the principle of inertia that says that all things resist changes in motion. The more mass the object has, the more resistance it makes. Isac Newton advanced Galileo’s discoveries and he made 3 basic laws of motion that are the foundation of all rocket science.

• First Newton law : Objects at rest remain at rest and objects in motion remain in motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
• Third Newton Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

So the First Newton law tells us how rocket, resting on the launch pad needs the exertion of an unbalanced force to make it move. The amount of that force (produced by rocket engines) needs to be greater than gravity that is holding the rocket. As long as that force continues to work, the rocket will fly up. If the engines stop to produce the force, the rocket will start to fall, pulled by the Earth’s gravity. One important implication in rocket science is that the atmospheric drag (also called friction ) is eliminated when the rocket reaches the space. So the rocket flying 11.186 km/s, or 40 270 km/h will manage to leave Earth’s gravity without any additional force used. The rocket will slow down, but never enough that gravity pulls it down and the rocket starts to fall back on Earth.

If you’re interested in exploring First Newton’s law in more detail, be sure to check What is Inertia and how to demonstrate it article where we explore inertia in more details.

Now we need to jump to Newton’s third law to better explain what happens next. The law of action and reaction . When talking about the rocket, gas, smoke and flames that are produced by rocket engines represent action and the rocket moving upwards is a reaction . So even if combustion products from the rocket engine accelerate rapidly, the rocket accelerates slowly. How is that possible if we know that action and reaction should be equal?

The reason is that the mass of combustion products (smoke, fire, gas) is much lower than the mass of the rocket so even if the force is equal, the effect is different. This is explained by the first Newton’s law that states that it takes a force to change the motion of an object. The bigger the mass of an object, the more force we need to move it.

We can see that from the equation stated in the second Newton’s law: f = ma . The force produced by the rocket engine is proportional to the mass that is produced by the burning rocket propellant times the acceleration of that burning rocket propellant. It is important to note that the law only applies to particles going out of the rocket engines and not to the fuel stored for later.

So in short, rocket science says: the more propellant (m) you discharge at the same time, and the bigger the acceleration (a) of that propellant, the greater the thrust (f).

Although knowing Newton’s laws is the first step in building and launching the rocket, there are more factors that influence will our rocket reach the space. One example is air pressure . Air pressure is an important factor while the rocket is still in the atmosphere. The pressure produced by the burning rocket fuel must be greater than the outside air pressure. That means that some fuel needs to be burned just to create enough pressure to compensate for the air pressure. And as the rocket climbs higher and higher, the air pressure becomes smaller so the rocket engine thrust increases.

Another important factor is mass . The mass of the rocket decreases as the fuel is burned, so the acceleration of the rocket increases.

And the last factor we will mention, that can influence the flight of the rocket is the choice of fuel or propellant . Not all fuels are alike, and we would think that the go-to fuel would be the one with higher thrust. But it’s not that simple since every fuel comes with a tradeoff. For example, liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen produce greater thrust but they both need to be kept at very low temperatures. Next to that, their mass is low and the rocket needs very big tanks to store enough fuel to get the rocket out of the atmosphere.

To sum it up, we can say that knowing Newton’s laws is enough to become a junior rocket scientist but we will need a bit more knowledge to build our first successful rocket. If you are interested in the history of rockets , NASA has some great resources and you can check how did rocket science develop from ancient times until today.

How does the Vinegar and Baking Soda Rocket work?

When we mix vinegar (HCH 3 COO) and baking soda (NaHCO 3 ), we get the so-called acid-base reaction . Here vinegar is an acid and baking soda is a base. An acid is a chemical that wants to get rid of a positively charged hydrogen atom (proton) and base wants that proton. In that reaction when the baking soda receives proton from the acid, it transforms into water and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide rapidly expands, and if the space is too small, it explodes. 

While building a rocket, our goal is to allow that pressure to release at the right time and on the right spot. That will make our rocket defy gravity and launch upwards.

Materials needed for Homemade Rocket

• Empty plastic bottle
• Baking soda
• Wooden sticks or pencils (for launching pad)
• Scotch tape
• Optional: Funnel

Instructions for Vinegar and Baking Soda Rocket

We have a video on how to make a homemade rocket at the start of the article or continue reading instructions below if you prefer step by step text guide.

• Make launching pad out of wooden sticks or pencils. Tape 3 sticks so the bottle can stand on them. Tape the sticks so they are going over the bottle cap. When we put a bottle on the sticks, the bottom of the bottle will look upwards, and the bottle cap will look down.
• Check if your cork is a good fit for the bottle. If it’s not, you can use duct tape to make it fit better.
• Decorate bott…rocket as you wish and you are ready to launch!
• It would be really smart to go outside for this. 🙂
• Pour vinegar (1 – 2 dL is enough)
• If the pressure builds too fast, you can put baking soda in a piece of paper, put in the bottle, put the cork on and shake it so you start a reaction
• 3, 2, 1, Blastoff!

What will you develop and learn

• Engineering skills while building a rocket
• Aerodynamics
• Chemical reactions
• Fine motor skills
• Newton’s laws of motion
• That science is fun! 🙂

If you liked this activity and are interested in more ways to build a rocket, check out the article on How to build a match head rocket . And if you are interested in more activities with vinegar and baking soda, try watching How to make a homemade Volcano .

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Baking Soda and Vinegar Rocket Experiment: Launching a Simple Rocket

The Baking Soda and Vinegar Rocket experiment is an exciting and hands-on activity that demonstrates the reaction between baking soda and vinegar to create a gas that propels a simple rocket into the air. This experiment provides a fun way to learn about chemical reactions and the principles of propulsion.

Materials Needed for this science experiment:

• Film canister with a tight-fitting lid or plastic bottle (clear if possible)
• Baking soda
• Tissue or paper towel
• Protective cover for the workspace
• Optional: Food coloring

1. Set Up the Workspace: Choose a clean and open area for the experiment. Place a protective cover on the surface to catch any spills.

2. Prepare the Film Canister: Open the film canister and place a small amount of baking soda (about 1 teaspoon) in the canister’s bottom. If you want to add a colorful effect, you can add a drop of food coloring to the baking soda.

3. Add Vinegar: Pour vinegar (about 1-2 tablespoons) into a small container. Wrap a tissue or paper towel around the mouth of the film canister, making sure it doesn’t block the opening.

4. Assemble the Rocket: Quickly place the lid on the film canister, sealing it tightly. Make sure the tissue or paper towel is securely in place, acting as a plug.

5. Position the Rocket: Place the film canister rocket on a flat surface, lid side down. Step back to a safe distance.

6. Lift the Rocket: Lift the film canister slightly and turn it upside down so that the vinegar comes into contact with the baking soda.

7. Launch the Rocket: Set the canister back down and stand clear. The chemical reaction between the baking soda and vinegar will produce carbon dioxide gas, building up pressure inside the canister. Eventually, the pressure will cause the lid to pop off, and the rocket will launch into the air.

8. Observe and Enjoy: Watch in amazement as your rocket launches into the air with a fizzy propulsion. The reaction between the baking soda and vinegar generates the gas that propels the rocket.

9. Experiment with Variations: You can experiment with different amounts of baking soda and vinegar to see how they affect the rocket’s launch height and intensity.

10. Reflect on Chemical Reactions: Discuss with children how the reaction between baking soda (a base) and vinegar (an acid) produces carbon dioxide gas. The gas builds up pressure inside the canister, causing the lid to pop off and propelling the rocket.

11. Safety Note: Always launch the rocket outdoors in an open area. Make sure to stand clear and avoid pointing the rocket at people or animals.

The Baking Soda and Vinegar Rocket experiment is a thrilling and educational way to explore the principles of chemical reactions and propulsion. It’s a fantastic opportunity for children to engage with science in a hands-on and visually impressive manner.

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July 4, 2013

Spectacle Science: Exploring Homemade Rockets

A 4th of July chemistry challenge from Science Buddies

By Science Buddies

Key concepts Chemical reactions Physics Gravity Rockets Thrust Pressurization

Introduction Have you ever marveled at how fireworks, toy rockets or real spacecraft can launch into the air? It can be an amazing thing to witness. It is thrilling to see something lift off against Earth's gravity. The strong push required to launch a spacecraft comes from a chemical reaction in its rockets. This means that every time you see a spacecraft launch, you're watching chemistry at work. In this activity you'll get to blast an object into the air using two simple household ingredients: baking soda and vinegar. Investigate how to mix these chemicals to get the best lift off, and then this Independence Day you could give your family a homemade, gravity-defying show!

Background How does a spacecraft lift off and get into space? The simple answer is that it has rocket engines that propel it. The rockets depend on combustion to provide the thrust the spacecraft needs to overcome the force of gravity and climb into orbit. Combustion is a fast, exothermic chemical reaction between a fuel (for example, jet fuel) and an oxidizer (such as oxygen) in which the fuel burns and heat is produced. Usually the fuel is an organic compound (containing hydrogen and carbon, and sometimes metal and/or other components). During the chemical reaction, new compounds are made. These are referred to as the exhaust. The rockets push the hot exhaust out from the bottom at high pressure and thus the spacecraft is thrust upward.

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In this activity instead of using rocket fuel you will use baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and vinegar (acetic acid) to make a different kind of chemical reaction that can launch a small-scale rocket made from a film canister. The reaction produces water and carbon dioxide (which will appear as bubbles). You'll take advantage of the pressure the carbon dioxide gas makes in the capped film canister to launch your rocket.

Materials • Plastic film canister with a lid and tight seal. Fuji or Kodak canisters should work. • Baking soda • Measuring spoons • Wax paper or bowl • Spoon • Water • Vinegar • An open outdoor area at least two meters from buildings. It is ideal to have a hard, flat surface such as a paved patio or driveway. • Safety goggles • Rag or paper towel • Optional: Construction paper, transparent tape, stickers and scissors • Optional: A helper to watch, a helper to take a video or a video camera with a tripod

Preparation • If you like, you may decorate your film canister rocket. You could wrap a piece of construction paper around the canister and cut the paper so it just covers the rocket's sides (but does not go above or below the sides). After evenly wrapping the paper on the canister, secure it with some tape. You can add additional flat decorations, like stickers or drawings. Make sure it is still easy to put the lid on. • Remember, when you launch your film canister rocket be sure to wear eye protection and exercise caution!

Procedure • Place one teaspoon (tsp.) of baking soda onto the wax paper or bowl. Add one eighth tsp. of water to the baking soda and mix it in well. If you're using wax paper, you can carefully use the wax paper to fold the damp baking soda onto itself to help mix in the water. • Turn the film canister lid upside down and pack the inside of the depression with the damp baking soda. (Do not put baking soda near the rim where the canister snaps onto the lid.) Pack it tightly. Turn the lid right side up again for a moment. Does the damp baking soda stay in place? If it stays, move on to preparing the vinegar. If it falls out, add a little bit more water to the baking soda and mix it in, but try to add as little water as needed. The baking soda will not need to stay packed into the lid long. • Add one tsp. of vinegar to the canister at a time, filling it almost to the top. You need to add as much vinegar to the canister as possible—just enough to keep the vinegar and the baking soda from coming into contact when you later snap the lid onto the canister. Depending on the canister, this may be about five tsp. of vinegar. How much vinegar did you use? • Go outside to an open area at least six feet from buildings. If you want to videotape the reactions, set the video camera so that it has in its viewfinder the spot where you will launch your canister rocket and the equivalent of at least the first story of a building and then start the video. (Alternatively, you may have a helper watch the reactions to help you figure out how high the canisters go.) • Put on your safety goggles. Stoop down near the ground on a flat, hard spot and quickly snap the lid onto the canister to seal it. Immediately turn the canister over so the lid is on the ground, and quickly move away. Wait for the chemical reaction to occur. How long does it take to happen? When the lid pops off, the rocket should launch. How high does the canister go? • Tip: If the rocket did not launch, the lid might not have been sealed tightly enough. (If this happens you may simply see many foamy bubbles coming out of the canister.) The rocket may not have launched right for some other apparent reason (such as not sealing the lid fast enough). If it didn't launch right, try preparing and launching the canister rocket again. You may need a little practice to get used to launching the rocket. • After the launch, carefully rinse the lid and canister with water and then dry them. If your canister is covered by construction paper, make sure it doesn't get too wet. • Prepare the damp baking soda and vinegar as before but this time use a little more than half the original amount of vinegar. For example, if you used five tsp. of vinegar, this time use three tsp. (Still use one tsp. of baking soda.) • Again, go outdoors, put your safety goggles on and launch your newly prepared canister rocket. Does it take longer, shorter or about the same amount of time as the first rocket did to launch? Does it go a higher, shorter or about the same distance? • Lastly, rinse the lid and canister with water, dry them and prepare them as before but this time use one tsp. of vinegar (or around one fifth of the original amount that you used). Put your safety goggles on, go outside and launch the canister rocket. How long does it take to launch compared with the other two launches? How high does the canister go compared with the previous two times? • If you're unsure of any of your results, you can try repeating them (using the same amount of baking soda and vinegar). • What amount of vinegar led to the highest launch height? Why do you think this is? • Extra: You can try varying the amount of vinegar even more and see how this affects the rocket's launch, such as using one, two, then three tsps., etcetera, of vinegar. (You could also repeat the same conditions you tested to see how consistent your results are.) How does changing the amount of vinegar in the canister change how it launches? • Extra : You could also try changing the amount of baking soda (keeping the same amount of vinegar) and see how this affects the canister's launch. For example, you could try comparing one, three-fourths, one-half and one-quarter tsp. of baking soda. (Adjust and use just enough water for the baking soda to stick to the depression in the lid.) How does changing the amount of baking soda in the lid affect the canister's launch? • Extra: Add a cone and fins to your rocket (such as out of construction paper) and launch it again using the best conditions you found. How does adding these components affect the canister's launch? Observations and results Did the launch using the smallest amount of vinegar result in the highest launch height? Did it also take the most time to launch?

When baking soda and vinegar are mixed together, the reaction produces water and carbon dioxide gas. In the capped film canister, the carbon dioxide gas builds up until the pressure of all of the contained gas causes the canister to pop open. The pressurized carbon dioxide then quickly escapes the canister through the open bottom. This is how the chemical reaction provides the thrust the canister needs to launch. You may have noticed that when the least amount of vinegar was used, it took a little longer to launch than when more vinegar was used. Because there was less vinegar in the canister, there was more space for carbon dioxide gas to fill. It takes longer for more carbon dioxide to be made from the reaction and thereby more is needed to fill this larger space and build up enough pressure to pop the lid open like it did before. Overall, when the least amount of vinegar is used, more carbon dioxide can fill the canister and a higher launch height should be seen (possibly around 15 feet, compared with around six feet when the canister was nearly full of vinegar).

Cleanup If you launched your rocket on a concrete surface, spray the surface down with some water after you have completed your launches.

More to explore Rocket Thrust , from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Combustion , from NASA Baking Soda and Vinegar Reaction and Demonstrations , from apple-cider-vinegar-benefits.com Rocketology: Baking Soda + Vinegar = Liftoff! , from Science Buddies This activity brought to you in partnership with  Science Buddies

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Mega Baking Soda to Vinegar Ratio Experiment

Science Kindergartners Experiment 41 Comments

Set up a mega science experiment to figure out what baking soda and vinegar ratio works best for you and your preschooler!

We love a good baking soda and vinegar experiment, don’t you!??

I don’t know how many times the kids and I have done experiments with baking soda and vinegar .

But I’ve always questioned how much to use of each…

I’ve always just guessed and it turned out however it turned out.

Sometimes it was a great fizzy explosion, other times it just plain fizzled out.

However, the boys have always had a good time with our experiments.

But I thought it was time to figure out the ratio to make the best fizzy “explosion” using just baking soda and vinegar.

And letting the kids decide what worked the best.

First of all, why do baking soda and vinegar react the way they do?

I’m not all science-y and understand chemical reactions, so I had to look up a good answer for you from Steve Spangler Science.

The bubbles and foam you see are filled with carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) that’s being released by an acid/base reaction. Vinegar is acetic acid dissolved in water and baking soda is a base called sodium bicarbonate. Initially, the reaction makes carbonic acid which is unstable. It quickly breaks down into CO 2  and water. The gas then rapidly leaves the water creating foam and bubbles along the way.

You can read more about how the science behind this experiment as well as learn how to make and amazing rocket propelled by baking soda and vinegar over on Steve Spangler Science.

What ratio of baking soda to vinegar is best?

I set up an experiment for Henry and I to discover how to get the best baking soda and vinegar results.

We kept it a simple mixture, with just these 2 ingredients:

• baking soda

No added food coloring to worry about stains or anything like that. Keeping it very simple.

It might be handy to set this up on a tray, or outside and keep a sponge or towel handy to clean up the fizzy overflow.

I set up 3 glasses (clear).

Then, I had Henry write the numbers 1-2-3 each on a piece of paper to label the glasses so he could write down the results of his experiment.

The More Vinegar Experiment

First, I started by pouring vinegar in each glass.

I corresponded the number of tablespoons of vinegar to the number on Henry’s papers.

• 1 tablespoon 2 tablespoons
• 3 tablespoons

For this initial experiment, we used one tablespoon of baking soda as our constant for this round of experimenting.

Henry measured one tablespoon of baking soda and dumped it into the first glass with one tablespoon of vinegar and observed what happened.

We kept doing this (always with one tablespoon of baking soda) through all three glasses and found that the fizzing got bigger and better with each additional tablespoon of vinegar.

Another round of testing would be done to see the reaction with even more vinegar!

Does Even More Vinegar Get a Better Fizz?

Another setup was done with more vinegar, to see if the explosions would keep getting biger.

This time we tried more vinegar in each glass:

• 4 tablespoons
• 5 tablespoons
• 6 tablespoons

Each still with one tablespoon of baking soda poured in to test.

We found once again that the fizzing was quite a bit bigger and better with 6 tablespoons as a result.

Yes! More vinegar equals more fizz!

Yet another round of testing needed to be done. This time I skipped numbers and didn’t do consecutive counting so we could really see the difference.

I set up the cups each with different amounts of vinegar:

• 12 tablespoons

Whoa! 12 tablespoons of vinegar to 1 tablespoon of baking soda overflowed our glasses!

(Told you the sponge may come in handy for cleanup! However, baking soda and vinegar make excellent detergents, so maybe you could do this in the bathtub and scrub the soap scum off in the process! Ha!)

I can’t help but wonder if we were to try it with even more vinegar what the result would be.

But our glass was overflowing the way it was, so that was the end of our experimenting to find out the best ratio.

The next question I had…

Is it better to add baking soda to vinegar? Or vinegar to baking soda?

Would twelve tablespoons of vinegar have the same reaction if the roles were reversed and we added it to one tablespoon of baking soda, or does it not matter?

Would the chemical reactions be the same?

We HAD to find out!

So we tested that as well with the best ratio of baking soda to vinegar above.

The amount of fizzing was the same for both.

However… there is a difference in the time of reaction between the two.

When you add baking soda to vinegar like we did the first experiment above, the reaction it creates is sort of delayed, building up to a big fizz. But it’s slow building.

On the flip side, when you flip flop the roles and add the vinegar to the baking soda , the reaction is immediate and almost explosive.

Depending on the experiment you’re doing, you may want to do it one way over the other.

Our Mega Baking Soda and Vinegar Experiment Results:

Adding vinegar to baking soda gives you an immediate reaction. Adding baking soda to vinegar, the reaction is delayed, but then fizzes the same amount.

More vinegar is better. A 12 to 1 ratio of vinegar to baking soda caused a fizzing explosion!

We could have kept going with this all afternoon! Henry was getting a kick out of the experiment and loved watching it overflow the cup.

Do you add baking soda to vinegar or vinegar to baking soda when you do these experiments?

When we do our blow up a balloon experiment , it is adding the baking soda to the vinegar that is already in the bottle. Which is a delayed fizz. I wonder what would happen if we did the opposite and reversed the roles? Would the balloon blow up more rapidly? Would the balloon explode?

That sounds like an experiment we need to try, or you need to try and report back and tell me how it turns out!

What experiments have you done with vinegar and baking soda?

About Jamie Reimer

Jamie learned to be a hands on mom by creating activities, crafts and art projects for her three boys to do. Jamie needed the creative outlet that activities provided to get through the early years of parenting with a smile! Follow Jamie on Pinterest and Instagram !

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Reader Interactions

41 comments.

May 24, 2024 at 4:50 pm

Has anyone ever tried adding more baking soda to the ratio? Like what if once you got to 12 tablespoons of vinegar you added more baking soda?

Tabitha Lightfoot says

May 27, 2024 at 6:52 am

Great idea! We didn’t try that! If you try it, let us know how it goes!

Student says

May 24, 2024 at 4:44 pm

What if you add more baking soda?

ritchy says

November 5, 2021 at 11:24 am

good job keep it up

Jahseh says

November 3, 2021 at 10:24 am

Try sulfuric acid more reaction

lisa m fournier says

February 10, 2021 at 9:15 am

I would have loved to know the differentials between different types of vinegars being added to the baking soda.

February 15, 2021 at 5:40 am

Hi Lisa! It was always just normal vinegar – the part that was different was the amount that was added to each cup.

October 8, 2019 at 1:34 pm

Another thought … has anyone determined the volumes of ingredients that work best in various bottle sizes? For instance, my Library class will be using 20oz bottles. Some use 16. Some use liter. If the bottle is filled too full, insufficient amounts of CO2 will form, reducing the height of the rocket. Not enough mixture volume and no lift off.

October 8, 2019 at 1:30 pm

I love the trial and error nature of this. Plus you don’t have to actually launch to see the results of this portion of the experiment. I think I’ll try and go beyond the 12:1 ratio and see what I can determine. Might be difficult to measure. Thoughts?

October 14, 2019 at 6:17 am

Hi Peter – we haven’t tried anything beyond 12:1 to see what happens but if you did it in a larger glass, you could definitely try it out! And, experimenting with different size bottles is a great idea! Let us know how it goes if you try it out!

chantol says

September 24, 2019 at 9:28 pm

how do you measure the eruption?

September 30, 2019 at 6:16 am

Hi Chantol! Great question – for this one, they just watched the reactions to see how high the fizz went in the glass.

Timmer says

August 2, 2019 at 6:20 am

Thanks so much for posting your experiment! – Not only did this answer a question I had, but it’s a wonderful example of exploring along with your kids! They learn a lot from watching how YOU go about asking and answering questions.

Amy Hopkins says

March 12, 2019 at 9:57 pm

Hi there! I’m a TK/K teacher and will be inviting the first-/second-grade class to join us for my very first vinegar/baking soda experiment in the classroom. Your informational website was very helpful! Thank you for sharing your experiment test results! The students are going to be so excited!!!

Sincerely, Amy Hopkins

Steve Hoover says

February 21, 2019 at 6:06 pm

I arrived at a different ratio for actually making CO2. I used a 12 oz jar and measured how much CO2 was in the jar by lowering a lit match in it and watching the level it went out at. I extracted gas from the jar with an animal feeding syringe I got from Tractor Supply and counted how many extractions it took to empty the jar based on match tests. I started with 3 to 1 which filled the jar and took 10 extractions to empty it. I don’t know if it overflowed the jar. Then I tried the 12 to 1 which only half filled the jar and at 5 extractions it was empty. Then I tried 6 to 1 and again was able to get 10 extractions. So IMO 1/2 teaspoon to 1 tablespoon, 6 to 1 is the ideal for making CO2.

October 16, 2018 at 11:12 am

I am doing that for my science project in my secondary school. : )

July 20, 2018 at 8:39 am

Bake Soda & Vinegar. I just found my intro experiment to review Scientific Method for my HS Honors Chem class. Thanks! LOL.

Fay Rowland says

January 14, 2018 at 6:55 am

brillo, thanks, I’ve always wondered what the best ratio is, many thanks xx

November 4, 2016 at 8:35 am

Why vinegar and baking soda mixed will exploded?

October 23, 2016 at 8:18 am

I am studying in class 7. I had got a project of showing this experiment in class. Thanks for giving me tips about it.

August 7, 2017 at 4:26 pm

Because vinegar is a base while baking soda is an acid. When acid and base are mix together they will react. Thank you.

Chemist says

November 3, 2014 at 11:43 pm

Ideal ratio is 70g/L. A tablespoon is 15g and so will react with up to 215mL or around 14 tablespoons. :)

savannah bussey says

January 5, 2014 at 8:28 pm

Thanks for the great idea for the project. instead i used ballons over the top! But it was a amazing projext!! :)

April 22, 2013 at 3:00 pm

if you add a drop of dish detergent to your vinegar it will make the eruption last longer.

Jamie Reimer says

April 22, 2013 at 3:09 pm

No way!!!! I did NOT know that Andi! Thank you so much for the tip! I’ll be trying that next time for sure!

maryanne @ mama smiles says

April 22, 2013 at 2:35 pm

I love the way you turned this into a full-blown science experiment!

April 22, 2013 at 3:30 pm

Thanks Mary Anne! :) It was so much fun!

Daisy Broomfield says

April 22, 2013 at 9:15 am

What great science and what a useful thing to know! We often set off a volcano with baking soda and vinegar and have generally added more powder when it stopped fizzing- your test suggests we should use more vinegar. Thanks for the tip (I think my boys would like to do the research themselves too- just to check!!)

April 22, 2013 at 3:31 pm

Yeah I think vinegar would get more out of it…. but maybe not either if its the second time around… because the soda would be dissolved… I’m not sure! Another thing to test!

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Baking Soda Rocket Day

Be a part of Arm & Hammer Baking Soda Rocket Day at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center on Thursday, October 10 th , 2024.

We’ll have:

• A Baking Soda Rocket Launch in Rocket Park
• Hands-on science experiments throughout the museum
• Special Astronaut Guest
• Rocketry-based STEM on Stage
• Science Influencer
• And lots more fun things to see and do.

You can also have your baking soda rocket launched that day too!

Follow the instructions to build your rocket using a 2-liter soda bottle: https://www.armandhammer.com/for-everything-soda/bottle-rocket-soda

Bring your decorated rocket to the U.S. Space & Rocket Center on October 10 th before 11AM to receive a free gift, while supplies last, and add your rocket to the launch. We’ll add the ‘fuel’ and you can see your rocket head for the stars against the backdrop of our historic rockets.

The event will be live streamed to schools across the U.S.

Come join us for Launch Across America. All activities free with museum admission on the October 10 th .

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