the essay on corruption in india

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Corruption in India

• 06 Oct 2023
• 20 min read
• GS Paper - 4
• GS Paper - 2
• Transparency & Accountability
• Ethics and Human Interface
• Ethics in Human Actions
• Ethics in Private & Public Relationships

For Prelims: Corruption Perception Index , Transparency International , Democracy , Corruption

For Mains:  Transparency & Accountability in Governance,Common Causes of Corruption and its Prevention in India.

What is the Context?

The Prime Minister of India, in his 76 th Independence Day address, targeted the twin challenges of corruption and nepotism and raised the urgent need to curb them . Also, Corruption Perception Index (CPI) 2023 was released by Transparency International.

• Overall, the index shows that control of corruption has stagnated or worsened in most countries over the last decade. India Corruption Perceptions Index was 40 index points in 2023.

What is Corruption?

Corruption is dishonest behaviour by those in positions of power . It starts with the tendency of using public office for some personal benefit.

• Moreover, it is unfortunate that corruption has, for many, become a matter of habit. It is so deeply entrenched that corruption is now considered a social norm. Hence, corruption implies the failure of ethics.

What are the Reasons Behind Corruption in India?

• L ack of Transparency : A lack of transparency in government processes, decision-making, and public administration provides fertile ground for corrupt practices. When actions and decisions are shielded from public scrutiny, officials may engage in corrupt activities with reduced fear of exposure.
• A perception of impunity due to the inadequate punishment of corrupt individuals can encourage further corruption. When individuals believe they can get away with corrupt practices, they are more likely to engage in them.
• Low Salaries and Incentives: Public officials, especially those in lower-ranking positions, are sometimes paid low salaries. This can make them more susceptible to bribery and other corrupt practices, as they may see corruption as a means to supplement their income.
• India's complex economic environment, which involves various licences, permits, and approvals, can create opportunities for corruption. Businesses may resort to bribery to navigate this environment.
• Political Interference: Political interference in administrative matters can compromise the autonomy of government institutions. Political leaders may pressure officials to engage in corrupt activities for personal or party gain.
• Cultural Factors: There can be a cultural acceptance of corrupt behaviour in certain contexts, which perpetuates corruption. The notion that "everyone does it" can lead individuals to engage in corruption without feeling morally compromised.
• Lack of Whistleblower Protection: Inadequate protection for whistleblowers can deter individuals from reporting corruption. The fear of retaliation can silence potential whistleblowers and allow corruption to thrive.
• Social Inequality: Social and economic disparities can contribute to corruption, as individuals with wealth and power may use their influence to secure preferential treatment and engage in corrupt practices without repercussions.

What are the Reasons for the Prevalence of Corruption in Civil Services?

• Politicisation of Civil Services: When civil service positions are used as rewards for political support or swapped for bribes , the opportunities for high levels of corruption increase significantly.
• Lower Wages: Lowering wages for civil servants compared to those in the private sector. Certain employees may resort to taking bribes in order to compensate for the difference in wages.
• Administrative Delays: Delays in the clearance of files are the root cause of corruption as common citizens are coerced to grease the palm of erring officials and authorities for expedited clearance of the files.
• Colonial Legacy of Unchallenged Authority: In a society which worships power, it is easy for public officials to deviate from ethical conduct.
• Weak Enforcement of Law: Various laws have been made to curb the evil of corruption but their weak enforcement has acted as a hindrance in curbing corruption .

What can be the Impact of Corruption?

• To demand quality, one might need to pay for it. This is seen in many areas like municipality, electricity, distribution of relief funds, etc.
• A crime may be proved as a benefit of the doubt due to a lack of evidence or even the evidence erased.
• These low-quality services are all done to save money by the contractors and the officials who are involved.
• These people sanction the funds for research to those investigators who are ready to bribe them.
• Disregard for Officials: People start disregarding the officials involved in corruption and also the administrative set up which creates distrust in the system.
• Lack of Respect for Government: Top brass leaders of the nation like the President or Prime Ministers lose respect among the public. Respect is the main criteria in social life.
• Lack of Faith and Trust in Governments: People vote for a leader based on their faith in him/ her, but if leaders are found to be involved in corruption, people lose faith in them and may not vote next time.
• Aversion for Joining the Posts Linked to Corruption : Sincere, honest, and hardworking people develop an aversion for the particular posts deemed corrupt.
• A Decrease in Foreign Investment : Corruption in government bodies has led to many foreign investments going back from developing countries.
• This leads to delays in investments, the starting of industries, and also growth.
• Due to lack of proper roads, water, and electricity, the companies do not wish to start up there, which hinders the economic progress of that region.

Image: Changes in Levels of Corruption In India and Other Countries as per the Corruption Perceptions Index over the past decade.

What are the Legal and Regulatory Frameworks for Fighting Corruption in India?

• Amendment of 2018 criminalised both bribe-taking by public servants as well as bribe-giving by any person.
• Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 aims to prevent instances of money laundering and prohibits use of the 'proceeds of crime' in India.
• The Companies Act, 2013 provides for corporate governance and prevention of corruption and fraud in the corporate sector. The term 'fraud' has been given a broad definition and is a criminal offence under the Companies Act.
• The Indian Penal Code, 1860 sets out provisions which can be interpreted to cover bribery and fraud matters, including offences relating to criminal breach of trust and cheating.
• The  Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 the Act precludes the person who acquired the property in the name of another person from claiming it as his own.
• They perform the function of an "ombudsman” and inquire into allegations of corruption against certain public functionaries and for related matters.
• Central Vigilance Commission: Its mandate is to oversee the vigilance administration and to advise and assist the executive in matters relating to corruption.
• Amendments in 1964: The definition of ‘Public Servant’ under the IPC was expanded. The definition of ‘criminal misconduct’ was expanded and possession of assets disproportionate to the known sources of income of a public servant was made an offence.

What is the Importance of Ethics in Preventing Corruption?

• Establishing Moral Boundaries: Ethical principles provide a framework for defining what is right and wrong. In the context of corruption, ethics set clear boundaries that distinguish acceptable behaviour from unethical or corrupt conduct.
• Promoting Accountability: Ethics demand that individuals take responsibility for their actions and decisions. When people are guided by ethical principles, they are more likely to be transparent and accountable for their actions, reducing the likelihood of engaging in corrupt behaviour that could harm others.
• Fostering Transparency: Transparency is a core ethical principle. Ethical organisations and individuals are more likely to operate openly and honestly, making it difficult for corruption to thrive in an environment where actions and decisions are subject to scrutiny.
• Building Trust: Trust is a cornerstone of ethical behaviour. When individuals and institutions are perceived as trustworthy, they are less likely to engage in or tolerate corruption. A high level of trust in society reduces the temptation for corruption.
• Encouraging Civic Virtue: Ethical values promote civic virtue, which encourages individuals to act in the best interest of society rather than pursuing personal gain at the expense of others. Civic virtue is a powerful deterrent to corruption.
• Supporting Rule of Law: Ethical behaviour upholds the rule of law and respect for legal and regulatory frameworks. Corrupt practices often involve circumventing or violating the law, and adherence to ethics reinforces respect for legal norms.
• Whistleblower Protection : Ethical organisations and governments prioritise protecting whistleblowers who report corruption. Ethical values encourage reporting unethical behaviour, which is vital for uncovering and addressing corruption.
• Global Reputation: On an international scale, ethical behaviour is essential for a nation's reputation. Countries known for ethical governance and low corruption levels are more attractive to foreign investment and collaboration.
• Long-Term Sustainability : Corrupt practices often provide short-term gains but can lead to long-term harm. Ethical behaviour is essential for the sustainable development and prosperity of societies.

What are Nolan Committee Recommendations on Standards in Public Life and Prevention of Corruption?

Nolan Committee in 1995 in United Kingdom outlined Seven Ethical and Moral values to be incorporated by the Public functionaries, Officials, Civil Servants, Bureaucrats, Civil Society and Citizens in order to weed out corruption:

• Selflessness: Holders of public office should take decisions solely in terms of public interest.
• Integrity: Holders of public office should not place themselves under any financial or other obligation to outside individuals or organizations that might influence them in the performance of their official duties.
• Objectivity: In carrying out public business, including making public appointments, awarding contracts or recommending individuals for rewards and benefits, holders of public office should make choices on merit.
• Accountability: Holders of public office are accountable for their decisions and actions to the public and must submit themselves to whatever scrutiny is appropriate to their office.
• Openness: Holders of public office should be as open as possible about all the decisions and actions they take. They should give reasons for their decisions and restrict information only when the wider public interest clearly demands.
• Honesty: Holders of public office have a duty to declare any private interests relating to their public duties and to take steps to resolve any conflicts arising in a way that protects the public interest.
• Leadership: Holders of public office should promote and support these principles by leadership and example.

What are the Recommendations of the Second ARC to Tackle Corruption?

The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (2nd ARC), an advisory body in India, made several comprehensive recommendations to address the issue of corruption and improve the integrity and efficiency of the public administration. These recommendations aim to prevent corruption and enhance transparency and accountability in government operations. Here are some of the key recommendations made by the 2nd ARC:

• Whistleblower Protection Act, 2014: The 2nd ARC recommended amendments to the Whistleblowers Protection Act to enhance protection and incentives for whistleblowers. This includes safeguarding them from harassment and providing financial rewards.
• Central Vigilance Commission (CVC): The 2 nd ARC recommended strengthening the CVC's role in preventing and combating corruption by giving it more independence, resources, and authority.
• Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI): The commission suggested measures to ensure the CBI's autonomy and effectiveness in handling corruption cases.
• Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs): The 2 nd ARC recommended the development of clear SOPs for government processes and services to minimise the discretionary powers of officials. This reduces the scope for corruption and arbitrary decision-making.
• Use of Technology: Leveraging technology and e-governance can reduce human interface and discretion in government transactions. The commission encouraged the adoption of electronic methods to reduce corruption opportunities.
• Police Accountability: The commission highlighted the need for comprehensive police reforms to enhance the integrity and effectiveness of law enforcement agencies. This includes measures to increase transparency, accountability, and professionalism in the police force.
• Community Policing: Promoting community policing can build trust between the police and the public, reducing opportunities for corruption and abuse of power.
• Code of Ethics: The commission recommended the development of a code of ethics for public officials and employees to promote ethical behaviour.
• Citizen Charters: Encouraging government departments to adopt citizen charters can enhance accountability and improve public service delivery.
• Media and Education: The commission suggested using media and educational institutions to create awareness about the detrimental effects of corruption and the importance of ethical conduct.
• Parliamentary Committees: Strengthening the role of parliamentary committees in scrutinising government operations and expenditure can help detect and prevent corruption.
• Digital Transformation: The 2 nd ARC recommended a comprehensive digital transformation of government processes to reduce human intervention and opportunities for corruption.

UPSC Civil Services Examination, Previous Year Questions (PYQs)

Q1. With reference to the ‘Prohibition of Benami Property Transactions Act, 1988 (PBPT Act)’, consider the following statements: (2017)

• A property transaction is not treated as a benami transaction if the owner of the property is not aware of the transaction.
• Properties held benami are liable for confiscation by the Government.
• The Act provides for three authorities for investigations but does not provide for any appellate mechanism.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only

Q.2 Discuss how emerging technologies and globalisation contribute to money laundering. Elaborate measures to tackle the problem of money laundering both at national and international levels. (2021)

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Corruption in India: Status, Causes & Impacts

From Current Affairs Notes for UPSC » Editorials & In-depths » This topic

The menace of corruption is the most talked-about issue in India which grapples the sphere of public debate very often. The phenomenon touches every human being from the one living in slums to the person occupying the highest echelons of the State system. Just like the fictional Voldemort, corruption grows at every utterance of it. In the words of Kautilya “Just as it is impossible not to taste the honey that finds itself in the tip of the tongue, so it is impossible for a government assistant not to eat up, at least a bit of King’s revenue.”

This topic of “Corruption in India: Status, Causes & Impacts” is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS Examination , which falls under General Studies Portion.

What is Corruption?

Transparency International (TI) defines corruption as “The abuse of entrusted power for private gain. It can be classified as grand, petty and political, depending on the amounts of money lost and the sector where it occurs”

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What is the Status of corruption in India?

• In 2021, the country was ranked 85th out of 180 in the Corruption Perceptions Index, with the lowest-ranked countries perceived to have the most honest public sector. Corruption is caused by a variety of factors, including officials stealing money from government social welfare programmes.
• CPI, 2019 highlighted that unfair and opaque political financing, undue influence in decision-making and lobbying by powerful corporate interest groups, has resulted in stagnation or decline in the control of corruption.
• As per the India Corruption Survey 2019, 51% of the respondents admitted to paying bribes. Rajasthan and Bihar fared the worst in the country with 78% and 75% of respondents admitting to paying bribes.

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What are the causes of corruption?

Inquiry into the causes of corruption presents a detailed picture of a socio-political-economic-administrative scenario that breeds corruption on a daily basis.

• Legacy issues –
• Rampant poverty and empty coffers of the government at the dawn of independence leading to chronic low salaries of the government officials.
• Pre liberalization license permit raj catered by Monopolies and restrictive trade practices facilitated the corruption. The lack of economic freedom led to abuse of the system.
• Necessities of development overshadowed vigilance procedures.
• Political system
• Use of black money in elections to win at any cost (breaching statutory spending limits) creates the need for the recovery of that cost through malpractices.
• Election funding is not transparent making it prone to the usage of black money and funding based on quid pro quo.
• It leads to crony capitalism, an unholy nexus between politicians and corporates.
• Criminalization of politics- when the rule-breakers become rule makers, the casualty is the rule of law.
• Economic structure
• Low levels of formalization (merely 10%) of the economy breed black money.
• Stringent compliance rules for entry and exit for businesses result in bribery.
• Unequal distribution of wealth- Transparency International data suggests that corruption is directly proportionate to the economic gap in a nation.
• Faulty process of liberalisation- we first opened ourselves to the world and then took to legislation for various sectors like FDI, resource auction making it easy for foreign companies to manipulate the system.
• Legal lacunae
• Archaic laws like IPC 1860 don’t capture the complexities of administration and lead to the escape of wrongdoers.
• narrows down the definition of corruption,
• increases the burden of proof
• prior approval from the government for inquiry or investigation of officials
• Lacunae in the Lokpal act and delays in the appointments both at the state and central levels.
• Dilution of the RTI act and political misuse of CBI and other agencies.
• Loopholes give discretionary powers to the officials making working prone to corruption.
• Lack of resources, funding, infrastructure and manpower in the vigilance institutions.
• Lack of incorporation of standard practices by organizations like Banks, sports organizations which results in multi-billion-rupee scams. E.g. Punjab National Bank scam, commonwealth scam.
• Delays and dying away from the corruption cases at the judicial level due to lack of evidence or faulty investigation. It also showcases politician-public servant-judicial (lower levels) nexus.
• Lack of protection to good Samaritans
• Targeting of upright and non-corrupt officials and rewards to corrupt officials
• Near non-existent whistleblowers protection
• Social problems
• The mindset of the citizenry that doesn’t look at the problems seriously and even accepts it as a necessary part of the system.
• Illiteracy, poverty, and inability to understand complex procedures.
• Increasing consumerism in the new middle class that is ready to bribe to get things done.
• Failure of social morality, education system to inculcate the values.

What are the impacts of corruption?

• Hindrances to developmental process
• loss of wealth due to corruption and siphoning away of taxpayers’ money leave little to spend in the social sector.
• many developmental projects cannot be completed or get dragged for decades because of red-tapism, corruption cases raising the expenditure
• out of pocket expenditure by the poor to get things done creates a vicious cycle of poverty.
• Corruption in the social sectors like PDS, health and education schemes lead to demographic disadvantage.
• It misdirects developmental strategy from decentralized, directed projects to big-budget projects on account of crony capitalism.
• Economic loss
• Undermines ease of doing business
• Corruption in the public services sector carries high risks for conducting good businesses. Companies are likely to unwanted red tapes, petty corruption, bribes for finalizing any procedures or deals.
• Wrong allocation policies result in undervaluation of resources like Coal blocks, Hydrocarbon projects, Spectrum allocation. Eg. 2G scam, Coalgate. This mismanagement of resources leads to environmental degradation and exploitation.
• Low tax collection due to tax authority- corporate corruption. It results in low spending in the capital building.
• Corruption of financial sector officials like Banks, the stock market erodes the strength of the economy. E.g. PNB scam, PMC scam, Harshad Mehta scandal
• Rising black money artificially enhances the market capability which is always at the risk of collapse.
• Harmful to national security
• We have a history of corruption in defense procurement and consequent litigation. It undermines the preparedness of the armed.
• Corruption in the border security establishment creates problems of terrorist infiltration. Illegal migration has caused the issue of NRC implementation
• Social sector losses
• Corruption in government projects targeting poor and vulnerable section of the society increases the economic gap between the rich and the poor
• Corruption is always paid by the poor. The loss of exchequer by the big scams are always recovered by higher taxes. It hampers intergenerational parity in taxation.
• The corrupt system denies the poor a chance to improve their status rendering them eternally poor
• On the political front, corruption is a major obstacle to democracy and the rule of law.
• It then leads to the loss of legitimacy of the political systems and gives free hand to non-state actors. E.g. Left-wing extremism
• Judicial corruption too undermines its legitimacy.

Way forward

There is a need for windfall reforms in each and every section of the system to fight the menace. Every aspect of governance must be improved for efficiency, economy, and effectiveness .

• Barring the criminals from even participating in the elections as suggested by the election commission.
• Imposing limits on the overall expenditure of the political parties.
• Making state funding of elections a reality.
• Empowering ECI by giving legal force to MCC and making paid news a criminal offence.
• Strengthening of autonomous institutions
• Protecting the autonomy of CIC-giving him a constitutional status
• Provision of required manpower, infrastructure, training of vigilance agencies
• Eliminate overlapping of jurisdiction- e.g. Lokpal and CBI
• Administrative reforms
• Establishing the Civil Service Board to curb the excessive political control over the administration
• Reducing the hierarchy levels in the governments
• Conducting periodic sensitivity training for the civil servants
• Simplifying the disciplinary proceedings and strengthening preventive vigilance within the departments to ensure corrupt civil servant do not occupy the sensitive position
• Police and judicial reforms- implementation of Prakash Singh recommendations
• Governance reforms
• e-gov apart from advancing the good governance objectives of accountability and transparency also seeks to reduce the manual interface between state and citizen thus preventing the incidences of bribery
• Drives like Digital India projects like Government e-Marketplace must be implemented.
• Enactment of the right to service act. E.g. Rajasthan social accountability bill
• Economic reforms
• Negating legal lacunae in banking, stock market legislations.
• Improving corporate governance by implementing corporate governance committee reports
• Formalisation of the economy
• Refining and speedy implementation of GST
• Social sector improvements

As Transparency International chairman Delia Ferreira Rubio says, “People’s indifference is the best breeding ground to the corruption”. citizen empowerment is a basic need in the fight against corruption

• Awareness of citizenry by training them in RTI act, Citizens charter, social audits.
• Increasing democratization of the masses.
• Curriculum reforms to inculcate values even in higher education by which youngsters acquire high standards of ethical mindset.

Integrity, transparency, and fight against corruption have to be part of the culture. They must be thought of as fundamental values of the society we live in. corruption should not be seen as cancer to be eliminated root and branch for now. A practical approach would be to see it at obsession to be cured.  An incremental approach to the problem will lead to an achievable target-setting and faster completion. People should be aware that they can change the system. India against corruption movement of 2011 was not the last fight as we have seen and it cannot be either. There has to be continuous checks and balances in the system. Corruption can be tackled effectively. But it needs homegrown solutions that eliminate indigenous problems.

• India has dropped to 82nd position in 2021, five places down from 77th rank last year, in a global list that ranks countries based on business bribery risks. The list by TRACE, an anti-bribery standard-setting organization, measures business bribery risk in 194 countries, territories, and autonomous and semi-autonomous regions.
• A strict anti-corruption law is “necessary” because corruption is hollowing out the country, the Centre told a five-judge constitution bench of the Supreme Court, which was considering whether public servants can be prosecuted for bribery if bribe givers fail to record their statements or turn hostile.

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CORRUPTION IN INDIA The development of India and its people and the future is irreparably destroyed due to the massive corruption, bribery and influence peddling. The rule of law is ignored. India is faced with absolute lawlessness, no one is safe and no one’s property is safe. The Higher Judiciary to take stern action against the corrupt politicians, executives and the who’s who of India. In pandemic the leaders have failed its people and caused massive death. Ramesh Mishra Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

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Corruption In India Essay | Essay on Corruption In India for Students and Children in English

February 14, 2024 by Prasanna

Corruption In India Essay:  There was a time when Gandhiji would say “My religion is based on truth and non-violence. Truth is my God and non-violence is a means of realising him.” Such were the principles of our political leaders at one time. Today what is more astonishing is that India has been ranked 94 on the Corruption Perception Index among 177 countries. While India is at the threshold of becoming superpower, the progress of the country is getting eaten up by the corrupt people of the country. Corruption is closely associated with bribery which means to give or to take profit for some illegal work. Corruption has progressively involved in every sphere of Indian society. Corruption is a cancer that is not restricted to any particular political party. It infects the whole society.

You can read more  Essay Writing  about articles, events, people, sports, technology many more.

Long and Short Essays on Corruption In India for Kids and Students in English

Given below are two essays in English for students and children about the topic of ‘Corruption In India’ in both long and short form. The first essay is a long essay on Corruption In India of 400-500 words. This long essay about Corruption In India is suitable for students of class 7, 8, 9 and 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants. The second essay is a short essay on Corruption In India of 150-200 words. These are suitable for students and children in class 6 and below.

Long Essay on Corruption In India 500 Words in English

Below we have given a long essay on Corruption In India of 500 words is helpful for classes 7, 8, 9 and 10 and Competitive Exam Aspirants. This long essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 7 to class 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants.

Largest sources of corruption in India are entitlement programmes and social spending schemes enacted by the Indian Government. Examples include Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act or National Rural Health Mission. Many of the biggest scandals involve high level government officials, including Cabinet Ministers, Chief Ministers in cases like 2G Spectrum Scam, 2010 Commonwealth Games Scam, Adarsh Housing Society Scam, Coal Mining Scam or Cash for Vote, Scam. Shockingly, all these scandals drained several hundred billions of the honest tax-payers and of Indian economy. Other daily sources of corruption include India’s trucking (heavy transport) industry which is forced to pay billions in bribes annually to numerous regulatory and police stops on its interstate highways.

In government hospitals, corruption is associated with non-availability/duplication of medicines, getting admission, consultation with doctors and availing diagnostic services. There have been several cases of manipulation of officials of the Income Tax Department of India for relaxed prosecutions in exchange of bribes. Corruption is prevalent on a large-scale during election times and votes are bought with the help of l money.

According to a report (in 2008), 120 of India’s 523 Parliament members were accused of crimes. Politicians and criminals are the main cause of corruption in every country. Lack of ethical qualities and morality among administrators and politicians, illiteracy among people, poor economic infrastructure all these have tightened grip over corruption. Artificial scarcity created by people, vast size of population, complex laws and procedures to eliminate corruption discourage the people for taking steps against corruption.

Tolerance of people towards corruption has indeed fueled the strength and greed of wrongdoers. This was aptly quoted by Arshad Warsi, “Dealing with corruption and staying calm is a talent most of us in India have mastered and learned to live with”. The causes of corruption in India include excessive regulations, complicated taxes and licensing systems, numerous government departments each with opaque bureaucracy and discretionary powers, monopoly by government controlled institutions on certain goods and services delivery and the lack of transparent laws and processes. These are significant variations in level of corruption. Even media has widely published allegations of corrupt Indian citizens stashing trillions of dollars in Swiss Banks.

Corruption is not only restricted to India, but is prevalent or to be precise is growing in many other countries today. The scams and scandals have caused Eurozone crises, the melting down of U.S. Economy and deflating politicians in the United Kingdom. Politicians advertise hugely at the time of elections, which are usually publicly funded campaigns.

The US military budget is bloated but perhaps half of it is spent on outsourced services, not on the military. The developed nations can still sustain this misfortune as they have strong economy, developed science and technology. But India is only crumbling and deteriorating under the burden of corruption. While speaking on corruption and other related problems Arvind Kejriwal once quoted “Political Revolution in India has begun Bharat jaldi badlega.” True, India has, and is taking steps to tackle this problem as they feel cheated for their valued contribution of funds and taxes. Under the leadership of Anna Hazare, who began ‘fast-unto-death’, the mass movement of people saw an expression of their collective anger against corruption.

Short Essay on Corruption In India 200 Words in English

Below we have given a short essay on Corruption In India is for Classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This short essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 6 and below.

The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act came into force from January 2014 to inquire into allegations of corruption against certain public functionaries. The Right To Information (2005) Act that requires government officials to provide information requested by citizens has reduced corruption in some areas or atleast has opened up avenues to redress grievances.

Another Whistle Blowers Protection Act, provides a mechanism to investigate misuse of power by public servants, has received the assent of the President of India. But unfortunately is pending for notification by the Central Government. Role of media cannot be ignored especially in today’s times. Media can play a significant role to abolish corruption by exposing the scams and scandals, thereby awakening the citizens. Other measures are strict laws should be made; power to make policies in public interests should be vested with independent commission, people should have a right to question the elected representatives and get answers; funding of elections should be banned and persons with criminal records should be denied to contest elections. More and more courts should be opened for speedy justice. Lokpals and Vigilance Commissions should be more powerful and of independent nature so as to provide speedy justice.

India has every ability, talent and resource to be a developed nation, just some corrections here and there are needed. In one of movie ‘Nayak’ also this idea was emphasised wherein one person at the top political position was corrupt, he made his whole party full of corrupt people. Whereas another person with right intention, not only eradicated corruption, but changed the whole face and fate of his state.

Capital Punishment Essay Word Meanings for Simple Understanding

• Prosecution – trial, action
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Essay on Problem of Corruption in India

Students are often asked to write an essay on Problem of Corruption in India in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Problem of Corruption in India

Introduction.

Corruption in India is a deep-rooted issue, affecting various sectors. It involves the misuse of power by public officials for personal gains.

The causes include weak laws, lack of transparency, poor salaries, and lack of public awareness.

Corruption leads to economic slowdown, poor public services, and inequality. It undermines trust in the government.

To combat corruption, we need stricter laws, better transparency in public dealings, and increased public awareness.

250 Words Essay on Problem of Corruption in India

Corruption, a deep-rooted menace in India, has been persistently undermining the nation’s progress. It is a complex issue that extends beyond the mere exchange of money, penetrating the social, economic, and political fabric of the country.

The Pervasiveness of Corruption

Corruption in India has seeped into various sectors, including healthcare, education, and judiciary. Bribes and kickbacks have become a norm, leading to a gross misuse of public resources. This widespread corruption affects the delivery of public services, exacerbating inequality and hindering social development.

Underlying Causes

The causes of corruption in India are multifaceted. The lack of transparency and accountability in public administration, coupled with the low pay scales of government officials, contribute to this problem. Furthermore, the absence of a robust and effective legal framework to deal with corruption fuels its prevalence.

Impact on Society and Economy

Corruption erodes the trust of citizens in the government, leading to social unrest and political instability. Economically, it discourages foreign investment and hampers economic growth. It also widens the rich-poor gap, thereby increasing economic disparity.

Conclusion and Way Forward

Addressing corruption requires a multi-pronged approach. Strengthening the legal framework, ensuring transparency in public administration, and promoting ethical conduct are crucial. Additionally, citizens must be empowered to hold public officials accountable. It is only through collective action that we can hope to eradicate corruption and foster a more equitable and prosperous India.

500 Words Essay on Problem of Corruption in India

The nature of corruption in india.

Corruption in India manifests in various forms, from petty corruption, which involves small amounts of money, to grand corruption, involving considerable sums and high-ranking officials. Bureaucratic corruption is rampant, with public servants demanding bribes to perform or expedite their duties. Political corruption is another major issue, with politicians often misusing public funds or granting favors in return for bribes.

Implications of Corruption

The implications of corruption are far-reaching and detrimental. Economically, corruption impedes growth by discouraging foreign investment and fostering inefficiency. Socially, it exacerbates inequality by diverting resources away from public services like education and healthcare, which are crucial for social mobility. Politically, corruption undermines democratic institutions and the rule of law, eroding public trust in government.

Efforts to Combat Corruption

India has taken several steps to combat corruption, including enacting the Prevention of Corruption Act and establishing the Central Vigilance Commission and the Lokpal. However, these measures have not been entirely successful due to implementation challenges and systemic issues. The Right to Information Act, which promotes transparency and accountability, has been a significant step towards curbing corruption.

The Way Forward

Addressing corruption in India requires a comprehensive and multi-pronged approach. This includes enhancing transparency in government procedures, improving the salary structure of public servants, and strengthening anti-corruption institutions. Public awareness and participation are also crucial for creating a culture of integrity and accountability.

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Essay on Corruption 1000+ Words

Corruption is a grave issue that has plagued India for many years, hindering its progress and development. This essay will argue that corruption in India is a formidable challenge, undermining trust in institutions, siphoning resources away from essential services, and impeding the nation’s growth. We will delve into the causes and consequences of corruption, as well as potential solutions to address this pressing problem.

The Prevalence of Corruption

Corruption in India is alarmingly prevalent, with numerous cases reported at various levels of government and society. According to Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index, India consistently ranks low, indicating a high level of perceived corruption. This issue affects citizens from all walks of life.

Causes of Corruption

Corruption in India has deep-rooted causes, including the lack of transparency, bureaucratic red tape, and political influence. Experts opine that complex regulations and excessive discretion in decision-making provide fertile ground for corrupt practices. Additionally, poverty and low wages in some sectors may drive individuals to engage in corruption for financial gain.

Economic Impact

Corruption has a detrimental economic impact on India. Funds allocated for public projects and welfare schemes often get siphoned off through corrupt practices. This not only hampers the country’s economic growth but also perpetuates poverty and inequality, as resources meant for the marginalized are diverted.

Erosion of Trust in Institutions

Widespread corruption erodes trust in public institutions, including the government and the judiciary. When citizens lose faith in these institutions, it weakens the democratic fabric of the nation. People become disillusioned with the idea of justice and equitable governance.

Social Consequences

Corruption has severe social consequences, as it can lead to a breakdown of ethical values and moral degradation. When corruption becomes the norm, society suffers from a loss of integrity, hindering the nation’s social progress.

Impediment to Foreign Investment

Foreign investors may be hesitant to invest in a country known for its corruption. The perception of corruption can deter foreign investment, limiting opportunities for economic growth and job creation. This hinders India’s potential as a global economic player.

Legal Measures and Accountability

Efforts have been made to combat corruption through legal measures and accountability. Initiatives such as the Right to Information Act and the establishment of anti-corruption bodies like the Central Vigilance Commission aim to increase transparency and hold corrupt individuals accountable.

Public Awareness and Education

Educating the public about the negative consequences of corruption is crucial. Awareness campaigns and educational programs can empower citizens to resist corruption and report unethical practices.

Strengthening Institutions

To address corruption effectively, institutions must be strengthened. This includes reforms in the legal and judicial systems, as well as improvements in administrative processes to reduce bureaucratic red tape.

Encouraging Ethical Leadership

Promoting ethical leadership is vital to combat corruption. Leaders at all levels of government and society must lead by example, demonstrating integrity and accountability.

Conclusion of Essay on Corruption

In conclusion, corruption in India is a pressing issue that poses significant challenges to the nation’s progress and prosperity. It erodes trust in institutions, hampers economic growth, and has far-reaching social consequences. While legal measures and accountability mechanisms have been put in place, addressing corruption requires a collective effort. Public awareness, education, and strengthening institutions are essential steps toward curbing corruption in India. As a nation, India must unite to combat corruption, fostering a culture of integrity and accountability for a brighter future.

Also Check: 500+ Words Essay on Should Plastic be Banned

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Governance in India: Corruption

It remains unclear whether mounting public anger and flagging growth can catalyze India to address widespread official corruption.

Backgrounder by Beina Xu

Last updated September 4, 2014 8:00 am (EST)

Introduction

With a booming economy throughout the 2000s, India was touted as one of the most promising major emerging markets. But that breakneck growth sputtered to a decade low in 2012, with many observers pointing to the corrosive effect of endemic corruption—including a spate of scandals under former prime minister Manmohan Singh—as a culprit. Perhaps more than India’s weak currency and rising inflation, the graft problem has undermined institutions and thwarted efforts to reduce poverty and catalyze sustainable growth in the world’s largest democracy. Public revelations of corruption, including major scandals in the telecommunications and coal industry, have galvanized a rising middle class with increased demands for better governance. The tide has spurred new political movements, and forced the government to address transparency and marshal reforms.

The Roots of Corruption

Corruption in India can be traced back to the country’s colonial past, analysts say. The British Raj period, beginning in 1858, excluded Indian citizens from political participation by dividing the country into districts with provincial governments controlled by a commissioner. The 1923 Official Secrets Act made it an offense for officials to reveal state information to citizens, ostensibly to protect military and government intelligence.

After India gained independence in 1947, the new regime implemented heavy economic regulations intended to develop domestic markets; the 1951 Industries Act, for instance, required all new industrial operations to obtain a license from the central government. The policy limited foreign investment and stifled competition, and bribery became part and parcel of doing business. The period up to 1991 was dubbed the “License Raj” as a result of the government’s excessive oversight of the economy. The poor often suffered most from the widespread corruption, which diverted large amounts of public revenue intended for public works, aid, and social welfare programs.

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“Historically, the roots of India’s corruption came from the proliferation of licenses,” says former CFR Senior Fellow for International Economics Jagdish Bhagwati. “The idea was to ensure economical use of resources, so you would not waste foreign exchanges. To this day, this is what Indians have been very aware of: that the institution of licenses and permits was responsible for creating corruption on a massive scale.”

The first major law to combat government malfeasance was the Prevention of Corruption Act (PCA) of 1947, enacted to prevent officials from cashing in on postwar reconstruction funding. Parliament also established the Anticorruption Bureau in 1961 to investigate violations of the PCA, which has since been amended twice (most recently in 1988). The latest revision was a direct response to the late-1980s Bofors scandal , in which then prime minister Rajiv Gandhi and other politicians were accused of receiving large kickbacks in a weapons bid from Swedish arms company Bofors. Many observers considered the scandal to be a main reason the Gandhi-led Congress Party was voted out of power in 1989.

Under the PCA, bribery is punishable by a fine and up to five years imprisonment. But many analysts believe India’s sprawling bureaucracy and weak institutions—the police and judiciary were ranked as the second and third most corrupt institutions  in India, respectively, after political parties—have thwarted convictions, and arguably increased incentives for bribery. In recent years, graft pervaded society from small-scale “harassment bribes” (payments for essential social services) to scandals on a national level. At least 42 percent of young Indians have paid a bribe, according to a 2012 Hindustan survey.

“There’s been corruption in India for thousands of years—it’s endemic—but what you see is the kind of corruption changing,” says Milan Vaishnav , a South Asia associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. “In the past two decades, there’s been a shift toward grand corruption: the recent scandals are just qualitatively and quantitatively bigger than anything we’ve seen. And a big reason for that is India’s rapid growth. Growth has expanded the possibilities for rent-seeking.”

A 2011 report from KPMG stated that 68 percent  [PDF] of India’s total illicit capital loss happened after the country’s economic liberalization in 1991, indicating that the reform and rise of India’s economy has contributed to the transfer of “black money” abroad.

A Spiraling Problem

In 2013, India ranked ninety-fourth out of 176 countries in Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index , alongside Mongolia and Colombia and below neighbors like China and Sri Lanka. The country has steadily slipped since ranking seventy-second of 179 in 2007, when the report debuted. Several recent high-profile scandals have underscored the extent of the problem. In 2010, allegations emerged surrounding the gross misallocation of funds at the Commonwealth Games , which cost almost eighteen times its budget estimate. Reports surfaced of shoddy infrastructure and financial irregularities regarding contracts, and the scandal led to the resignation of two senior Congress Party members and other government officials. The Central Vigilance Commission cited the total misappropriation of funds to be around $1.8 billion .

There’s been corruption in India for thousands of years, but what you see is the kind of corruption changing.

Soon after, controversy mired the government again when an auditor’s report uncovered a massive telecom scam estimated to have cost the government some $39 billion, making it one of the largest cases of state corruption in Indian history. Telecom minister Andimuthu Raja, accused of orchestrating the sale of licenses below market value, resigned in 2010. (He was arrested in 2011, and was out on bail as of late 2013.) During the affair, outraged opposition parties shut down parliament for three weeks and prompted massive protests in Delhi .

Public anger escalated when the 2012 “ Coalgate ” scandal, in which an estimated $34 billion was lost, implicated the prime minister himself. The breadth of corruption has even touched the U.S. government, as cables released in 2011 by Wikileaks revealed that a Congress Party aide allegedly showed a U.S. diplomat chests of cash intended as  a bribe to secure Parliament’s endorsement of a controversial 2008 U.S.-India nuclear deal.

The Fallout From Corruption

Public outrage peaked by the spring of 2011. A social activist named Anna Hazare emerged as a prominent organizer of the anticorruption movement, vowing a “fast unto death” unless the government established a new anticorruption agency (Lokpal) to review complaints at the highest level. Thousands of citizens took to his cause, and the United Progressive Alliance (UPA)–led government announced in August that it would form a committee to draft the law. After stalling for months in Parliament, India’s lower house finally passed the bill in mid-December 2013 with both Congress and BJP’s support, ending Hazare’s nine-day hunger strike in a rare show of unity.

Mounting graft has stirred not only domestic worries, but has also tarnished the country’s image among international investors. Since 1947, India has lost hundreds of billions of dollars in illegal capital flows  (tax evasion, corruption, bribery, kickbacks, etc.), and was ranked 134th of 189 countries in the World Bank’s 2014 Doing Business Report. At Davos in 2013, NGOs warned  that the hefty investment needed for India’s infrastructure development could breed more corruption.

Some experts note that while there isn’t necessarily a  direct correlation  between corruption levels and India’s economic health, the nature of the graft has been corrosive to its growth. “The way corruption has been practiced in India has been particularly harmful,” says Bhagwati, who contrasts India’s  rent-creating corruption , which carves out monopolies for cronies, with China’s profit-sharing system, which takes an interest in growth. “In the end, the corruption in India is of a form that undermines growth in our institutions. It’s a very expensive way to be corrupt.”

Campaigning for Reform

As India’s economy slowed , successive revelations of graft exacerbated public outrage at the inability of the former Congress-led government to mitigate corruption. In turn, the country saw an uptick of anticorruption rhetoric ahead of state elections in November and December 2013. The Aam Aadmi Party, led by activist Arvin Kejriwal, emerged as a  new political party  that got its start on an anticorruption platform, while the opposition Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) also emphasized good governance. Meanwhile, Chief Minister Nitish Kumar, who leads one of India’s poorest states, Bihar, also won accolades for  his success  in emphasizing good governance.

“What is new and politically relevant has been, in response to citizen outrage, the rise of parties explicitly focusing on governance,” says CFR’s Alyssa Ayres . “And most importantly, the transformation of campaigning from a mode that focused on a language of empowerment with an appeal to caste, to one focusing on good governance and delivering services to citizens.”

The BJP championed the clean track record of its leader Narendra Modi, whose reform efforts as chief minister of Gujarat, made his home state a key driver of national economic growth, and who went on to win the 2014 national election. Yet corruption remains rife in India’s political landscape. In 2012, criminal cases were pending against 31 percent of members of parliament and the legislative assembly. Campaign spending limits are low, driving expenditure underground and fostering reliance on “black money.” Many experts also point to Indian voters’ complex relationship with corruption; research from a wide range of states finds that political candidates often promote their criminality  as an indication of their ability to defend the interests of their communities.

Prospects for Progress

India’s government has made a few attempts at the federal level to combat corruption. The 2005 Right to Information Act allows citizens to request access to any public record and, if approved, receive it within thirty days. The law, which can penalize noncompliance and requires authorities to digitize records, has been hailed as a pivotal achievement in the fight against corruption. The government is also considering moves to strengthen the national antigraft law, potentially introducing changes  that would punish corporate failure to prevent bribery.

What is new and politically relevant has been the rise of parties explicitly focusing on governance.

An increasingly activist judiciary has also taken a stronger stance against corruption; in early 2011, the Supreme Court asked all trial courts in the country to  fast-track  corruption cases. The next year, it limited the amount of time the government had to decide whether or not to  prosecute a public official  for corruption. And in July 2013, the  top court ruled  that it was illegal for politicians convicted of crimes to continue holding office, although, in a highly controversial move, Singh’s cabinet  withdrew the decree  in October. Modi announced  in an August 2014 speech  that his government will initiate tough initiatives to battle corruption, likening the problem to a “disease.”

Technology has also helped. Some states like Gujarat have implemented online systems for state contract bids, allowing for greater transparency. Others have also put land records and death certificates online, while websites like  IPaidaBribe.com  expose graft associated with common public services. The government is also devising an  electronic ID system , which would allow poor citizens to avoid intermediaries and receive aid directly through a bank account.

But technology can only do so much, says  Jennifer Bussell , assistant professor of public policy at the University of California, Berkeley. Bussell notes that technology’s most important contribution has been granting citizens greater access to information. “Some combination of administrative reforms and local-level technology initiatives to help bring corruption to light—in addition to efforts by organizations like the Comptroller and Auditor General, which is exposing corruption at the highest levels of government—would help. You need all of these things.”

Transparency International India offers statistics and reports about the current state of corruption in India.

Accountability Initiative offers reports and policy briefs using publicly-available data collected from the Right to Information Act.

This CMS India Corruption Study  [PDF] breaks down corruption statistics by state and public service.

This U4 Anticorruption Resource Center report gives an overview of India's corruption problem and efforts to address reform.

This Fair Observer article asks whether computerization of public service transactions could help curb petty corruption in India.

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Corruption in India: An Enduring Threat

• Šumit Ganguly

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Read the full essay here .

The self-styled Gandhian social activist Kisan Baburao “Anna” Hazare catalyzed a national anticorruption movement with his hunger strike to induce the Indian Parliament to pass a particular piece of anticorruption legislation known as the Jan Lokpal (or Citizen’s Ombudsman’s) Bill. The presence of freedom-of-information laws, effective anticorruption agencies, and a working and independent judicial system can promote transparency and accountability. These may in turn help to restore a modicum of faith that India’s democracy, rather than being a playground for corruption, can be counted on to work for and not against the interests of India’s citizens.

About the Author

Šumit Ganguly   is Distinguished Professor of Political Science and holds the Rabindranath Tagore Chair in Indian Cultures and Civilizations at Indiana University, Bloomington, and is a visiting fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. He is the author (with William Thompson) of Ascending India and Its State Capacity (2017) .

View all work by Šumit Ganguly

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Challenges of Corruption

Last updated on November 16, 2023 by ClearIAS Team

Corruption is defined as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. There are several challenges and impacts associated with corruption.

India ranked 85th out of 180 countries (score 40) in Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) 2021, released by Transparency International, which measures the corruption level of a country’s public sector.

Table of Contents

Why Corruption is Unhealthy?

Corruption destroys morale, undermines democracy, represses economic growth, and makes inequality, poverty, social division, and the environmental problem worse.

Causes of Corruption

Before learning about the challenges and impacts of corruption, let’s understand what are the causes of corruption. According to a survey conducted in 2017, the following factors have been attributed as causes of corruption:

• Higher levels of bureaucracy and inefficiency in administrative structures
• Weak property rights
• Low levels of education
• Lack of commitment to society
• Extravagant family
• Low press freedom
• Low economic freedom
• Large ethnic divisions and high levels of in-group favoritism
• The greed of money, and desires.
• Higher levels of market and political monopolization
• Low levels of democracy
• Weak civil participation
• Low political transparency
• Gender inequality
• Contagion from corrupt neighboring countries
• Political instability
• Unemployment
• Lack of proper policies against corruption

Impacts of Corruption

Corruption has a wide-ranging impact on organizations, individuals, and communities as well.

Hampering Sustainable Development Goals

The achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations is hampered by corruption. The SDGs are comprehensive, therefore it is not surprising that corruption might undermine them.

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Countries that lack the capacity to govern effectively are unable to end poverty, eradicate hunger, provide their population with high-quality healthcare and education, ensure gender equality and other human rights, lower inequality, and other goals.

To be more precise,  Goal 16 of the SDGs which is “Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all, and build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels,”, which is highly relevant, is difficult to achieve if corruption in public services persists.

In addition, resolutions passed by the Conference of the States Parties to UNCAC have consistently stressed the connection between corruption and sustainable development. Therefore, if the global community is serious about achieving the SDGs, it must recognize corruption as a barrier to their achievement and strengthen its anti-corruption measures.

Inefficiency and Economic Loss

Although it is challenging to find precise figures for the economic consequences of corruption, International Monetary Fund (IMF) research from 2016 indicated that the cost of bribery alone varies from $1.5 to $2 trillion annually.

This amounts to an overall economic loss of about 2% of the world’s GDP.

However, it does not account for the financial costs associated with all other types of corruption. In developing nations, corruption may contribute to underdevelopment.

According to a report published by Transparency International, “The Impact of Corruption on Growth and Inequality”, At the macro level, research generally shows that corruption has a detrimental, direct effect on economic development and growth.

Additionally, corruption has an indirect impact on a country’s economic performance by influencing a number of variables that spur economic growth, including investment, taxation, public spending level, composition, and effectiveness.

Rigged Political System

Citizens who uphold high moral standards lose representation, influence, and power.

The World Bank  (2019) estimates that more than 50% of people in the oil-rich country live in extreme poverty. This illustration demonstrates how wealth redistribution occurs when corrupt players use the political and economic systems to their advantage.

Corruption makes it possible for party officials, bureaucrats, and contractors to use funds allocated for elections, health care, education, and poverty assistance as a means of personal gain. As a result, social programs, and political systems’ potential for redistribution degrade.

Violation of Human Rights

The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) of the United Nations has recently attracted attention to important connections between corruption and human rights violations.

Corruption itself reduces the capacity of the State to address violations of civil and political rights and to enact the necessary safeguards, including socioeconomic rights, which frequently call for complex government initiatives.

Dysfunctioning of Public and Private Sector

Dysfunction is the result of several corrupt actions added together. The quality of products and services declines, whether they are provided by the public or private sectors, and accessing them becomes more expensive, time-consuming, and unfair.

Instead of promoting innovation and efficiency, state-owned organizations and sectors are designed to benefit government officials. In organizations, this may result in the loss of intrinsic motivation.  People start to question the worth of effort and innovation.

Partial Justice

People can no longer trust judges and prosecutors to do their jobs when corruption penetrates the legal system.

Citizens may be falsely accused of crimes, denied due process, and wrongfully imprisoned, especially those who lack finances or strong allies.

Organized Crime and Terrorism

Because money can be laundered, funding can be hidden, and judges and politicians can be bribed, nefarious parts of society can flourish. As levels of intimidation rise, so do levels of violence, illicit drug use, prostitution, and sexual slavery.

In addition to being the result of corruption, organized crime can also be brought about by corrupt opportunities created by a weak, ignorant, or inefficient government.

Failure in Infrastructure

It is a well-known fact that the Mafia uses the construction sector as a means of money laundering and a major source of earnings.

Buildings that are fundamentally hazardous are present everywhere throughout the country as a result of obvious violations of land-use and permission restrictions, purportedly accomplished by bribery, favoritism, and influence-peddling.

Damage to Climate and Biodiversity

Funding and measures to combat climate change are hampered by corruption, which is a challenge that undermines programs to conserve forests and manage them sustainably. It also encourages wildlife-related crimes.

Measures to Combat Corruption

The government of India is committed to “Zero Tolerance Against Corruption” and has taken several measures to combat the challenges associated with corruption which include:

Systemic reforms to provide transparency in citizen-friendly services to reduce corruption. That includes:

• The direct and transparent distribution of welfare benefits to citizens under various government programs through the Direct Benefit Transfer project.
• E-tendering is in public procurement.
• Introduction of e-Government and simplification of processes and systems
• Introduction of the Government e-Marketplace (GeM) for government procurement.
• Discontinuation of interviews in the recruitment of Group ‘B’ (Non-Gazetted) and Group ‘C’ posts in the Government Departments.
• The Central Civil Services (Classification, Control, and Appeal) Rules and the All India Services (Disciplinary and Appeal) Rules have both been revised to provide precise timelines for disciplinary processes.
• The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 has been amended to clearly criminalizes the act of giving bribe.
• Through a number of decrees and circulars, the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) encouraged all organizations involved in significant procurement activities to establish an Integrity Pact in order to ensure an effective and prompt inquiry whenever any irregularity or misconduct is identified.
• Under the 1988 Prevention of Corruption Act, Lokpal is legally required to receive and handle complaints about alleged offenses against public employees.
• The Right to Information (RTI) Act was passed in 2005 to establish a practical framework for the right to information, allowing citizens to secure access to data that is under the control of public authorities.

Read:  Corruption in Civil Services

Article Written By: Priti Raj

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Essay on Corruption | Essay on Corruption in India for Students

An essay on corruption in india and the impact of corruption in india.

By Sathyavathi

Essay on Corruption: A roadblock to progress – A corruption-free system is transparent, trustworthy, and predictable.

Corruption, in a broad sense, could include everything that deviates from righteousness. But all of us have qualities like fear, selfishness, greed, laziness, and anger.

When the proportion of these qualities is significantly higher than the good ones like truthfulness, purity, and peacefulness, we tilt towards the wrong path.

The inherent nature of getting influenced by circumstances is the root cause of corruption. It has existed since time immemorial.

But honesty and integrity are essential in every sphere of life, ranging from relationships, workplaces, businesses, governance, and judiciary.

Related – Essays in English

• The present view of corruption
• Impact of corruption
• Steps to tackle corruption

Essay on Corruption – The present view of corruption

Corruption is the abuse of power for private gains. We consider that the price of food grains, availability of drinking water, employment opportunities, shelter facilities, are essential requirements for every citizen.

But the government allocates a lot of money on infrastructure projects like building flyovers, renewing airports, and promoting businesses.

• Have you ever thought about why this is so?
• Why are we not able to eradicate social evils like poverty, illiteracy?

It is because corruption has become the norm, and we have learned to live with it. We are least bothered about the probity of our actions and that of others’ too. Consequently, there is a lack of integrity in financial, intellectual, moral grounds. Even after years of independence, we fear economic slowdowns, inequality, safety, and bias in our society.

We live in a world where there is bribery for purchasing government contracts, licenses, patents, evading taxes, etc. Abuse of entrusted powers, by low and mid-level officials for providing essential goods and services is widespread.

We tend to account for bribe along with the stipulated cost. But, high-level corruption in public and private sectors results in the manipulation of policies and rules that could adversely affect the public.

Top Related – Ten tips on writing a good essay

Essay on Corruption – Impact of corruption

Corruption affects every sphere of society . It causes inequality and instability. It is the reason for the situation where few people cannot meet their basic needs, whereas others make fortunes. Let us look in detail: the harmful effects of corruption in various sectors.

Impact of Corruption in Politics

Corruption in politics can have a number of negative effects . It can undermine the integrity of democratic institutions and the rule of law, leading to a lack of trust in the government and political system. This can discourage people from participating in the political process and lead to social unrest and instability.

Corruption can also distort the political process by allowing some individuals and groups to gain unfair advantages over others. This can lead to the appointment of unqualified or corrupt officials, or the adoption of policies that serve the interests of a small group rather than the general public.

Additionally, corruption can discourage foreign investment and damage a country’s reputation , leading to a decline in tourism and trade. This can have a negative impact on the economy and the well-being of the general population.

Overall, corruption in politics can have serious consequences for society and it is important for governments and other organizations to take steps to prevent and combat it.

Related – Essay on Terrorism

Impact of Corruption in Economy

Corruption can have a number of negative effects on the economy . It can create an uneven playing field for businesses , with some firms able to secure unfair advantages through corrupt practices. This can lead to misallocation of resources and distort the market , leading to inefficiencies and slower economic growth.

Corruption can also discourage foreign investmen t and damage a country’s reputation, leading to a decline in tourism and trade . This can have a negative impact on the economy by reducing the inflow of capital and the demand for goods and services.

In addition, corruption can undermine the rule of law and the integrity of institutions , leading to a lack of trust in the government and the economic system. This can discourage people from participating in economic activities and hinder the development of a healthy business environment.

Overall, corruption can have serious consequences for the economy and it is important for governments and other organizations to take steps to prevent and combat it.

Related – Essay on Digital India in English

Impact of Corruption in Society

Corruption can have a wide range of negative effects on society . It can undermine the rule of law and the integrity of democratic institutions, leading to social unrest and instability. It can also divert resources away from their intended use, hindering economic development and exacerbating income inequality. Additionally, corruption can discourage foreign investment and damage a country’s reputation, leading to a decline in tourism and trade.

At an individual level, corruption can erode trust in government and public institutions, leading to a decrease in citizen engagement and participation. It can also disproportionately affect the most vulnerable members of society, who may be less able to access the resources and services that they need.

Overall, corruption can have serious consequences for both individuals and society as a whole, and it is important for governments and other organizations to take steps to prevent and combat it.

Related – Essay on Demonetization

Impact of Corruption in Environment

The politicians, administrative officials, and private companies degrade the environment for their benefits. The exploitation of natural resources and non-observance of the rules related to ecological balance result in unexpected consequences.

Activities like irregular mining, mindless deforestation can occur due to the bribes accepted by the officials.

Essay on Corruption – Steps to tackle corruption

We should sensitize the entire population and bring together all the people who want to fight corruption. We should calculate the total money lost due to corrupt practices and let everybody know about it.

It is high time that we keep track of the funds collected by the political parties. The income and assets of the politicians should be made public.

The Jan Lokpal bill was a game-changer in the fight against corruption. But as with other measures, it was tweaked to suit the corrupt people. The general public is so used to the malpractices that we now endure injustice and corrupt practices.

Businesses and people with a long term view don’t like to have fights with bureaucracy. Moreover, the punishment for corruption is not severe, and the conviction rates are low too. We should know that corruption is anti-national, anti-ecological, and anti-poor. We citizens should strive for a corruption-free society. Rooting out corruption can be a difficult task, but all citizens can come together and fight the menace.

There are several steps that governments and other organizations can take to tackle corruption:

1. Implement strong and effective laws and regulations : This can include laws that criminalize corruption and establish strict penalties for those who engage in corrupt activities.

2. Promote transparency and accountability : This can involve measures such as disclosing public officials’ financial assets, making government processes and decision-making more open and transparent, and establishing mechanisms for citizens to report corruption.

3. Build strong and independent institutions : This includes having a well-trained and professional civil service, an independent judiciary, and effective law enforcement agencies that are capable of investigating and prosecuting corrupt activities.

4. Foster a culture of integrity: This involves promoting ethical values and behaviors, as well as educating the public about the negative consequences of corruption.

5. Enhance international cooperation: This includes working with other countries to share information and best practices, and collaborating on efforts to investigate and prosecute corrupt activities that cross international borders.

6. Provide support to civil society and the media: A strong and independent media and civil society can play an important role in exposing corruption and holding those in power accountable. It is important to support and protect these groups so that they can carry out their work effectively.

Essay on Corruption in 250 words

Corruption is a pervasive and insidious problem that affects countries around the world . It refers to the use of power or position for personal gain, and can take many forms, such as bribery, embezzlement, and nepotism.

Corruption has a range of negative effects on society. It can undermine the rule of law and the integrity of democratic institutions, leading to social unrest and instability. It can also divert resources away from their intended use, hindering economic development and exacerbating income inequality. Additionally, corruption can discourage foreign investment and damage a country’s reputation, leading to a decline in tourism and trade.

There are a number of steps that governments and other organizations can take to combat corruption. These include implementing strong and effective laws and regulations, promoting transparency and accountability, building strong and independent institutions, fostering a culture of integrity, and enhancing international cooperation.

Overall, it is important for governments and other organizations to take a strong stance against corruption and work to prevent it from taking root in society. By doing so, we can create a more just and equitable world for all.

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Corruption in India: Understanding the Institutional Context to Counter It

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• Abhoy K. Ojha  

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Corruption has been an issue of concern for most societies and India is no exception. The earliest references to corruption among government officials in India have been made in Kautilya’s Arthashastra dated to the 4th century BC (Rangarajan, 1987), which contains several prescriptions to stop and reduce it. There is little reason to believe that corruption would ever have been completely eliminated since that time. Corruption was quite widespread in India under Mughal rule and also when it was a British colony. Even Mahatma Gandhi admitted that he had to compromise his principles and pay commissions, which may be termed grease money, when he practiced as a lawyer in the courts of Bombay and Rajkot in the early 1890s after his return from England (Gandhi, 1940).

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Naresh Khatri

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About this chapter

Ojha, A.K. (2016). Corruption in India: Understanding the Institutional Context to Counter It. In: Khatri, N., Ojha, A.K. (eds) Crony Capitalism in India. Palgrave Studies in Indian Management. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-58287-4_5

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Corruption in India: Bridging Research Evidence and Policy Options

India Policy Forum 11 (July 2015): 193-261

79 Pages Posted: 5 Nov 2015

Sandip Sukhtankar

Dartmouth College

Milan Vaishnav

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Date Written: April 27, 2015

Corruption has become an increasingly salient issue in India today, spawning both enormous interest from the media as well as a large amount of academic research. Yet there is a large gap between what has captured the media’s attention, the policy options under discussion, and the actual evidence base drawn from empirical research on corruption. We attempt to bridge this gap, directly addressing the particular challenges that corruption in India poses. Academic evidence supports the popular perception that corruption is widespread and endemic. However, we find that the costs of day-to-day corruption are just as large, if not larger, than those of the “scams” that dominate headlines. Further, we find that there is very little evidence to support the idea that greater transparency, information, and community based efforts have a significant impact on reducing corruption on their own. This is also true for some technological interventions, although those interventions – like direct benefit transfers – that bypass middlemen and corrupt officials have a much greater scope for success, as do interventions that transfer bargaining power to citizens and beneficiaries. We find much to commend in the sensible and wide-ranging legislative agenda to combat corruption, including the Right to Service and Public Procurement bills. However, what is most important for combating corruption is not the law on paper but the implementation of the law; the binding constraint, as always, is the government’s desire and ability to punish corrupt officials and politicians.

Keywords: corruption, India, policy, political economy

JEL Classification: D4, D73, H10, H40, H83, K42, O10

Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation

Dartmouth College ( email )

Milan vaishnav (contact author), carnegie endowment for international peace ( email ).

1779 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20036 United States

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Essay on Corruption for Students and Children

500+ words essay on corruption.

Essay on Corruption – Corruption refers to a form of criminal activity or dishonesty. It refers to an evil act by an individual or a group. Most noteworthy, this act compromises the rights and privileges of others. Furthermore, Corruption primarily includes activities like bribery or embezzlement. However, Corruption can take place in many ways. Most probably, people in positions of authority are susceptible to Corruption. Corruption certainly reflects greedy and selfish behavior.

Methods of Corruption

First of all, Bribery is the most common method of Corruption. Bribery involves the improper use of favours and gifts in exchange for personal gain. Furthermore, the types of favours are diverse. Above all, the favours include money, gifts, company shares, sexual favours, employment , entertainment, and political benefits. Also, personal gain can be – giving preferential treatment and overlooking crime.

Embezzlement refers to the act of withholding assets for the purpose of theft. Furthermore, it takes place by one or more individuals who were entrusted with these assets. Above all, embezzlement is a type of financial fraud.

The graft is a global form of Corruption. Most noteworthy, it refers to the illegal use of a politician’s authority for personal gain. Furthermore, a popular way for the graft is misdirecting public funds for the benefit of politicians .

Extortion is another major method of Corruption. It means to obtain property, money or services illegally. Above all, this obtainment takes place by coercing individuals or organizations. Hence, Extortion is quite similar to blackmail.

Favouritism and nepotism is quite an old form of Corruption still in usage. This refers to a person favouring one’s own relatives and friends to jobs. This is certainly a very unfair practice. This is because many deserving candidates fail to get jobs.

Abuse of discretion is another method of Corruption. Here, a person misuses one’s power and authority. An example can be a judge unjustly dismissing a criminal’s case.

Finally, influence peddling is the last method here. This refers to illegally using one’s influence with the government or other authorized individuals. Furthermore, it takes place in order to obtain preferential treatment or favour.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Ways of Stopping Corruption

One important way of preventing Corruption is to give a better salary in a government job. Many government employees receive pretty low salaries. Therefore, they resort to bribery to meet their expenses. So, government employees should receive higher salaries. Consequently, high salaries would reduce their motivation and resolve to engage in bribery.

Tough laws are very important for stopping Corruption. Above all, strict punishments need to be meted out to guilty individuals. Furthermore, there should be an efficient and quick implementation of strict laws.

Applying cameras in workplaces is an excellent way to prevent corruption. Above all, many individuals would refrain from indulging in Corruption due to fear of being caught. Furthermore, these individuals would have otherwise engaged in Corruption.

The government must make sure to keep inflation low. Due to the rise in prices, many people feel their incomes to be too low. Consequently, this increases Corruption among the masses. Businessmen raise prices to sell their stock of goods at higher prices. Furthermore, the politician supports them due to the benefits they receive.

To sum it up, Corruption is a great evil of society. This evil should be quickly eliminated from society. Corruption is the poison that has penetrated the minds of many individuals these days. Hopefully, with consistent political and social efforts, we can get rid of Corruption.

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• Recently the International Anti-Corruption Day-2022 was organised by the CBI on ‘Anti-Corruption efforts – A sine qua non for Development and Security .

About the Corruption

• Corruption refers to misusing public power for personal gain. It can be done by an elected politician, civil servant, journalist, administrator of a school, or anyone in authority. 
• Thus, the corruption definition applies to different forms .
• Corruption in India is not limited to collusive high-level scams. Petty corruption, which affects the delivery of basic services and rights to people, is rampant.
• India has the highest rate of bribery and use of personal links to access public services such as healthcare and education in Asia, according to a survey released by global civil society Transparency International .
• India is in the 85th position among 180 countries in the Corruption Perception Index, 2021 .

Issues Linked to it 

• Corruption has a disproportionate impact on the poor and most vulnerable, increasing costs and reducing access to services, including health, education and justice.
• Corruption encourages dysfunctionality in government, perpetrates economic inefficiency and can be a serious threat to national security .
• the impact of corruption is especially heavy on common citizens, and even more on poorer and vulnerable persons in communities.
• With technological development, there are opportunities to prevent corruption but also areas where corruption can be much more difficult to trace, particularly in fields like cryptocurrency .

Government initiatives:

• Indian government has constituted a Special Investigation Team (SIT) on black money.
• It has enacted a comprehensive and more stringent new law – the Black Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) and Imposition of Tax Act, 2015 . 
• There’s also a Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Amendment Act , 2016, which empowers the authorities to attach and confiscate benami properties. 
• Law enforcement agencies such as CBI have done a great deal to reduce corruption.
• The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to combat corruption in government agencies and public sector businesses in India.
• As the Prevention of Corruption Act saw limited success in preventing corruption in Government departments and prosecuting and punishing public servants involved in corrupt practices, an amendment was enacted (Amendment Act) and brought into force in 2018. 
• The Amendment Act attempted to bring the Prevention of Corruption Act in line with United Nations Convention against Corruption 2005, which was ratified by India in 2011.
• The intent behind the enactment of the Act is to promote transparency and accountability in the working of Public Authorities. 
• The Act seeks to protect whistleblowers, i.e. persons making a public interest disclosure related to an act of corruption, misuse of power, or criminal offense by a public servant.
• It is provided by the Right To Information Act, 2005, it has been an important weapon for whistleblowers in previous years.
• The RTI Act, 2005 is also called as a ‘twin sister’ of whistleblowing.
• The Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013 provided for the establishment of Lokpal for the Union and Lokayukta for States.
• The Lokayukta is an anti-corruption authority constituted at the state level.
• It investigates allegations of corruption and mal-administration against public servants and is tasked with speedy redressal of public grievances.
• The Bill amends the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 in relation to the declaration of assets and liabilities by public servants. 
• It requires a public servant to declare his assets and liabilities, and that of his spouse and dependent children. 

Suggestions & way ahead

• Different steps can help in managing corruption and bringing it down. 
• Education is one of the most critical steps. It can help in reinforcing the correct business practices.
• Mandatory education courses like anti-money laundering must be introduced. 
• Accountability mechanisms can also help in curbing corruption.
• Furthermore, it can be easier to reduce corruption if reporting it becomes simple.
• The senior employees in the management department must lead by example and cultivate an open and transparent culture.
• Similarly, rewards and incentives must be granted to encourage people to cultivate an ethical culture. 
• There is a the need for real-time information sharing between law enforcement agencies. 

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Essay on Corruption in India

Corruption is a major issue that India has been grappling with for decades. Despite several measures taken by the government to curb it, corruption continues to be a persistent problem in the country. In this essay, we will discuss the causes, effects, and possible solutions to corruption in India.

Causes of Corruption in India:

Corruption in India has many causes, including bureaucratic red tape, weak law enforcement, a lack of transparency, political instability, poverty, and the lack of accountability of public officials. The lack of accountability is one of the primary reasons for corruption. Many public officials are not held accountable for their actions, and they often abuse their power for personal gain. Additionally, political instability in the country has led to a lack of continuity in policies and has created an environment where corruption can thrive.

Effects of Corruption in India:

Corruption has many negative effects on India, including economic, social, and political consequences. Corruption leads to a decrease in economic growth and development, as it diverts resources away from productive uses and towards personal gain. It also reduces public trust in the government and undermines the rule of law. Corruption also affects the poor disproportionately, as they often lack the resources to bribe officials and receive the services they need. This perpetuates poverty and inequality in the country.

Possible Solutions to Corruption in India:

To combat corruption in India, several measures need to be taken. Firstly, there should be stricter enforcement of existing laws against corruption. This would require an independent and effective anti-corruption agency with the power to investigate and prosecute cases of corruption. Additionally, the government needs to increase transparency and accountability in its operations, especially in the procurement of goods and services.

Another solution is to create an environment where public officials are held accountable for their actions. This would involve strengthening the institutional framework for public accountability and creating incentives for public officials to act in the public interest. It also requires educating citizens on their rights and how to access government services without having to pay bribes.

Finally, civil society has a crucial role to play in fighting corruption. Non-governmental organizations and the media can play a crucial role in exposing corruption and holding public officials accountable. They can also educate citizens on their rights and how to demand accountability from public officials.

In conclusion, corruption is a serious problem in India that has negative consequences for economic, social, and political development. To combat corruption, there needs to be a concerted effort from the government, civil society, and citizens to promote transparency, accountability, and the rule of law. Only then can India realize its full potential and become a truly democratic and prosperous nation.

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Opinion: 'Your' corruption vs 'my' corruption is the Karnataka story

In the game of political one-upmanship, both the ruling party and the opposition alliance have pulled out all stops while accusing the opponent of abuse of power, violation of rules, high-handedness, lack of transparency and corruption at the highest level..

Listen to Story

The last two weeks in the politics of Karnataka have seen free-for-all, mutual mud-slinging like never before; accusations and counter-accusations galore! Each political formulation revels in accusing its rival of being the epitome of corruption. It has become a battle between “your corruption” and “my corruption”. One wrong seems to right another wrong. The political slugfest reached its lowest ebb with the moral ground gradually receding from below the feet of every political player.

In the game of political one-upmanship, both the ruling party and the Opposition alliance have pulled out all stops while accusing the opponent of abuse of power, violation of rules, high-handedness, lack of transparency and corruption at the highest level. What began in the run-up to the 2023 Assembly elections campaign continues unabated two months after the declaration of the Lok Sabha results.

This strategy of attacking the opponent rather than defending one’s own track record is connected to three linked developments. First, the fight against corruption is often a perception battle. Political parties and their leadership work on strategies to target their opponent or highlight their achievement. When it comes to corruption and abuse of power, all the ruling parties have had a lot to defend and thus prefer to go on the offensive against the Opposition.

Similarly, when a party becomes the Opposition, it tends to ignore its own track record while in power and would fire ammunition against the current ruling party. Thus, it becomes a perception battle where one arrives at a conclusion and then searches for ammunition to justify it post-facto!

The second factor is intrinsically linked to the first. Karnataka has seen a strong polarisation among citizens who are strongly committed to different political parties. Their opinions are also defined by the lens of the party they support. Where one stands depends on where one sits. Two data points can be considered in this regard. In the 2023 Assembly elections, when the Lokniti-CSDS post-poll survey posed the question whether the incumbent Bharatiya Janata Party government should get another chance. The response was clearly and categorically on party lines. If 89 per cent of those who voted for the BJP said “yes”, 85 per cent of those who voted for the Congress said “no”. Then, 75 per cent of those who voted for the Janata Dal (Secular) also said “no”.

If one were to come to the 2024 Lok Sabha polls, the Lokniti-CSDS post-poll asked the question whether the BJP government at the Centre should be given another chance. While three-fourths of the BJP voters in Karnataka (78 per cent) said “yes”, close to two-thirds of the Congress voters (65 per cent) said “no”. Interestingly, this time around 92 per cent of the JD(S) voters said “yes”. The implication is that the party you support decides the stand you take, thus, the perception battle becomes critical.

Third, if parties are more keen on keeping their followers happy and on their side, does it explain why one paints “the other” (opponent) as corrupt, unmindful of whether we present a mirror image? Further, given the internal groups within the Congress, the BJP and the JD(S), while one may be opposing one on the other side of the political spectrum, in reality, internally one is also seeking to strengthen one’s own base within the party.

Further, is the appeal really to all the citizens of the state? Is the appeal to all or only keep my political flock intact? Linked to this is the increasing lack of public faith in the neutrality of key government-controlled institutions. When the CSDS-Lokniti pre-poll survey in the run-up to the 2024 elections, asked people across the country questions linked to key institutions, those who hinted that they were used for political vendetta outnumbered those who said that they worked within the bounds of the law.

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PM Modi Condemns Corruption Culture in Independence Day Speech

Prime minister narendra modi criticized the culture of corruption and patronage in his independence day speech. addressing the nation from the red fort, he emphasized that corruption erodes public trust and hinders progress. modi pledged to continue his battle against corruption, despite the personal cost, for national interests..

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Thursday condemned the culture of corruption and patronage, referring to it as a 'termite,' during his Independence Day address.

Speaking from the ramparts of the Red Fort, Modi expressed grave concerns over the glorification of corruption, describing it as a significant societal issue.

'Every citizen of this country has been troubled by the termite of corruption,' Modi asserted, adding that corruption erodes public trust and obstructs national progress. He pledged to persevere in his fight against corruption, even at the cost of his own prestige, insisting that national interests must take precedence.

The Prime Minister questioned how, in a nation with such a grand Constitution, some individuals could openly celebrate corruption, and criticized the historical 'mai-baap' culture where citizens had to beg the government for basic needs. Modi highlighted that his administration has transformed this outdated governance model.

(With inputs from agencies.)

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Deadly Landslides in India Made Worse by Climate Change, Study Finds

Extreme rainfall made 10 percent heavier by human-caused climate change triggered landslides that killed hundreds, according to a new study.

By Austyn Gaffney

A sudden burst of rainfall on July 30 caused a cascade of landslides that buried hundreds of people in the mountainous Kerala region of southern India.

That downpour was 10 percent heavier because of human-caused climate change, according to a study by World Weather Attribution, a group of scientists who quantify how climate change can influence extreme weather. Nearly six inches, or 150 millimeters, of rain fell on soils already highly saturated from two months of monsoon and marked the third highest single-day rain event on record for India.

“The devastation in northern Kerala is concerning not only because of the difficult humanitarian situation faced by thousands today, but also because this disaster occurred in a continually warming world,” said Maja Vahlberg, a climate risk consultant at the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre. “The increase in climate-change-driven rainfall found in this study is likely to increase the number of landslides that could be triggered in the future.”

In a state that is highly prone to landslides, the Wayanad district is considered the riskiest part. As of Tuesday, at least 231 people had died and 100 remained missing.

The Kerala landslides were the second extreme landslide event in July, following one in Ethiopia that killed 257 people. July was the second-worst month on record, after July 2019, with 95 landslide events that caused 1,167 fatalities , according to data maintained by Dave Petley, the vice-chancellor of the University of Hull. Together, they caused roughly one-third of the more than 3,600 deaths resulting from some 429 fatal landslides recorded this year, Dr. Petley said in an email.

Already, 2024 is an outlier, Dr. Petley posted to The Landslide Blog on Tuesday . He wrote that he could “only speculate on the likely underlying reasons for this very high incidence of fatal landslides,” but “the most likely cause continues to be the exceptionally high global surface temperatures, and the resultant increase in high intensity rainfall events.”

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Independence day 2024: simple essay writing tips and samples for school and college students.

Independence Day 2024 Essay Tips: Celebrated annually on August 15th, India's Independence Day in 2024 marks 77 years since gaining freedom from British rule in 1947. The day features flag hoisting, patriotic songs, and cultural performances. Schools and public institutions commemorate the event, highlighting the contributions of freedom fighters and fostering national pride.

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