NCERT Solutions for Class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12

Article Writing Class 12 Format, Topics, Examples, Samples

August 9, 2019 by Bhagya

An article is an expression of one’s thought on an issue or a subject logically and coherently written in meaningful paragraphs.

♦ Points to Remember:

  • Give a title that catches the attention of the reader.
  • Begin with a striking opening sentence which addresses the readers and gets them interested in the topic.
  • Present a strong argument for your ideas supporting it with evidence or elaboration.
  • Use linking devices (‘however’, ‘therefore’, ‘although’, ‘even though’, ‘in order to’) to make the composition appear a whole.
  • Introduce a new point at the beginning of each paragraph that follows to strengthen your ideas.
  • Develop your ideas as much as you can to make them interesting and substantial.
  • Conclude with your strongest point.
  • Use passive voice, humour, emotive language, rhetorical questions to provide a specific effect. Split-up of marks:

article writing format cbse class 12

♦ Marks will be awarded for:

  • Format (Title + Writer’s name)
  • Content (logical organisation, relevance)
  • Expression (Accuracy + Fluency)

♦ Previous Years’ CBSE Examination Questions

♦ Very Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. The number of women in the police force seems insufficient especially when we see the increasing involvement of women in terrorist activities. Write an article in 150-200 words for The Hindustan Chronicle’, on the need of having more women in the police force. (2010) Answer:

Need Of Having More Women In The Police Force

Women empowerment and participation has seen a radical improvement in the recent few decades. Women are no longer confined to their homes and have come forward to excel in almost all fields, at par with men. But it has been observed that the number of women in the police force seems insufficient especially when we compare their increasing number in terrorist activities. Women are sure to prove their worth in the police force as they are more committed to the cause they work for and less corrupt, two qualities that are lacking in policemen. The government needs to increase the reserved quota for recruitment of women in the police force. Women need to be given incentives to join the police force and this is sure to prove favourable as they bring with them a distinctly different and valuable set of skills that is bound to change the way the police is perceived in our community. As the job description of the police expands beyond crime-fighting into community service the presence of more women in the police force is sure to help to burnish the tarnished image of the police officers, improve community relations and foster a more flexible and less violent approach to maintaining law and order.

Question 2. In many parts of our country girls are still discouraged from going to school. Consequently, a sizable section of the population is deprived of education. Schemes like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, CBSE scholarship to the single girl child and the Government’s policy of giving free education to girls have come as a boon to our society. Write an article in 150-200 words on the education of the girl child in the country. (Delhi 2010) Answer:

Education Of The Girl Child In The Country

Education of girls has been a high priority with the Government of India. In the new millennium, India has consolidated its earlier educational reforms with increased resources and stronger policy commitments for achieving elementary education, particularly for girls. Reaching out to the girl child is primary to the efforts to universalise elementary education. ‘Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan’ or ‘Education For All’ programme recognizes that ensuring the education of the girl child requires changes not only in the education system but also in society’s norms and attitudes.

A two-pronged gender strategy has hence been adopted to make the educational system responsive to the needs of the girls through targeted interventions which serve as a pull-factor to enhance access and retention of girls in schools on the one hand and generate community demand for girls’ education through training and mobilisation on the other hand. The CBSE has also come up with the novel scheme of providing free education from the sixth standard onwards to the single girl child. The need of the times is that the government should further improve the educational infrastructure and make it more accessible and meaningful for the girl child.

Question 3. Advertisements have become a big business. They are promoted by celebrities drawn from various fields like films, sports, etc., leaving their influence on all people specially the young. Write an article in 150-200 words on ‘The Impact of Advertisements on the younger generation’. (Delhi 2010) Answer:

Impact Of Advertisements On The Younger Generation

The advertisement industry has a tremendous impact on the younger generation. As citizens of the modern world, advertisements have become a part of the daily lives of youngsters and they have got used to being bombarded with numerous advertisements over the course of their day.

Advertisements have become so common for them that they often do not even realize that they are hearing or viewing them. So they have a pervasive influence on the youth. In the ever-expanding world of consumerism and advertising, companies are constantly looking for new ways to sell their products to the youngsters by making their commercials and campaigns more memorable, to leave an impact on their minds. The younger generation has become their prime target because they have more spending power than ever before and increased avenues at their disposal. Therefore companies spend enormous amounts of money to rope in popular film stars, cricketers, musicians etc. to endorse their products.

This helps to ensure popularity and early brand loyalty. In the last decade many superbrands have looked towards new and outrageous ways to capture young audiences through appealing campaigns as these youngsters are cognitively and psychologically quite defenceless against advertisements. Clearly, advertisements represent ‘big business’ and has a significant effect on young people who need to be educated about the effects of advertising, that is, media literacy. This will prove to be helpful in mitigating the harmful effects of advertising on youngsters.

Question 4. The present-day youth are greatly stressed due to cut-throat competition and consumerist culture. Write an article in 150-200 words on the causes of the stress on the modem generation suggesting suitable solutions. (Delhi 2010) Answer:

Causes Of Stress On The Modern Generation

The main cause of stress on the modern generation is the cut-throat competition and consumerist culture prevalent in our society. This always puts them under pressure of efficiency and productivity. The modern environment is highly competitive and calls for relentless effort on the part of each youngster. To achieve the goals they have to devote all their time and capacity, without rest. So they have no time to care even for their own selves. They have no time for relaxing or to pursue something of their own interest sounds like a luxury to them. The effects of this stress on the youth also visible in their physical being whereby they have increased pulses and a lot of tension in their muscles.

With increased professionalism and specialisation there seems no practical and suitable solution for this stress due to the competition. In this age of consumerism, it is not surprising that the youth of today are also constantly vying to outdo each other in acquiring material things. But now it is high time each one of us sat back in quiet introspection to contemplate where we are actually heading in this high-speed pace. Our health and well-being will have to be our primary concern for, as they say, “a healthy mind lies in a healthy body”. Let us stop living like robots. We are humans and have to behave likewise and not like machines which are our own creation.

Question 5. As compared to the older generation the youth of today are greatly inclined to pursue adventurous activities either for money or for fun. There is a latest craze for joining reality shows, rafting, rock climbing, mountaineering etc. Write an article in 150-200 words on which life you would prefer—safe or adventurous. (All India 2010) Answer:

Live Life, Don’t Just Exist

To lead a life of adventure is certainly very exciting and amazing. It involves breaking free of certain social conditioning and challenging yourself to work upon your mental fears, which are mostly in your mind, and discovering unlimited freedom and opportunities. We, therefore, need to be willing to undertake adventure as it is a necessary part of happy existence. It is important to spend your limited time on earth doing some of those things that make a difference and give one enjoyment rather than simply sinking all the time playing the normal routine game of “delayed gratification”.

Taking action helps one to build a more enriching life and enables you to embrace life with more passion each day. The desire for sameness never contributors to anything exciting but makes our life and spirit dull. A variety of sports and recreation are adventurous to a lot of people today. Some people race cars, skydivers jump out of a 5 aeroplane, mountain-climbers scale peaks etc. This helps them to escape their daily stress and gives them a ‘high’. So it is important to live life to the fullest and it is also surely worth making the effort to ‘live’ with an adventurous spirit.

Question 6. India is standing at the threshold of joining the developed nations but that is not possible till we achieve complete literacy in the country. The contribution of students may be very significant in achieving our goals. Write an article in 150-200 words on ‘The Role of the Students in Removing Illiteracy’. (All India 2010) Answer:

The Role Of Students In Removing Illiteracy

Illiteracy is still a major blot on India, after more than sixty years of its achieving independence. To an extent it exemplifies India’s failure to reach out to its masses. The removal of illiteracy has to be tackled on a priority basis and students can play an important role in achieving this goal. Since they are in the process of receiving education themselves they are most appropriate for also putting forth their services to achieve the goal of educating the illiterate masses. Students should be encouraged to carry the lamp of knowledge by organizing events such as, ‘Each One, Teach One’.

If every student resolves to teach two illiterate persons in a year during his vacations, it will in the long run help to eradicate illiteracy. The government should also render full support to students in terms of infrastructure in their contribution to the Indian Literacy Campaign. Students can also play a vital role in the programme of Adult Literacy. If all our students get together and try to work towards achieving literacy among the masses, then the day is not far when India too will join the league of countries that have attained hundred percent literacy.

Question 7. Compulsory value-based education is the only remedy for inculcating values among the future citizens of the country. This will also help in the prevention of crime in the country. Write an article in 150-200 words on the need of compulsory value-based education. (All India 2010) Answer:

Value-Based Education

Value-based education is an educational philosophy, an approach to teaching and learning that underpins away a school organises itself develops relationships and promotes positive human values. Schools that adopt such an approach report that there is a qualitative improvement in pupils’ attitude and behaviour. The purpose of value-based education is to help the school community think about and reflect upon positive universal values and practical implications of expressing them in relation to themselves and the community as a whole.

Value-based education also supports schools in promoting an inclusive school ethos and the methods of working raise achievements and help pupils to raise their self-esteem and take responsibility for their own behaviour and learning. It also enables students to examine the kind of life that is worth living and to consider what kind of life they want for themselves. At the core of value-based education lies an agreed set of principles, deeply held convictions that underpin all aspects of school life and work. The process is holistic and developmental, demanding a greater deal from the school’s community. Value-based education is thus a philosophy for developing and supporting schools of excellence.

Question 8. Increase in the number of vehicles causes pollution and traffic jams. Write an article in 150-200 words for ‘The New Indian Express’, Delhi, highlighting the urgent need to solve these man-made problems, giving suitable suggestions. You are Madhav/Madhuri. (Delhi 2010) Answer:

The Problem Of Pollution By: Madhav

Cities, in general, have a great deal in common with vehicles. In fact they often seem to be turning into vehicles. India’s population and its traffic is concentrated within its cities. The increasing number of vehicles in Delhi is putting our city at the risk of completely losing clean air to breathe. Delhi would have, in fact, been buried under a pollution load if the Supreme Court had not intervened to introduce cleaner fuels and emissions technology in the city, in the form of CNG-run public vehicles. Moreover, increase in the number of vehicles also means getting stuck in rush traffic hour which has also become a routine.

It is high time we now look towards solving this problem of heavy traffic congestion which is taking a toll both on our health and our time. The traffic police department must use technology for controlling and monitoring the movement of vehicles at important and busy crossroads for which the department officials can also take the help of Close Circuit T.V. Drives should be launched to educate the masses about the importance of driving in their respective lanes only and to follow traffic signals strictly. Violation of these should result in fines and in case of repeated offence the driving license of the person should be confiscated.

Pollution check of vehicles by owners at regular intervals should be made mandatory. This can also contribute a lot in saving the environment from pollution. Thus, we as responsible citizens just need to make a start.

Question 9. Corruption has become the order of the day. It has entered all walks of life. Write an article for your school magazine in 150-200 words on ‘The Role of Youth in combating corruption’. You are Vijay/Vineeta. (Delhi 2011 2010) Answer:

Role Of Youth In Combating Corruption

By: Vijay The problem of corruption is not new though it has reached unprecedented proportions in recent years. It is as old as society itself and •cuts across nations, cultures, races and classes of people. Corruption is rampant in our political and social life and like cancer seems to be gnawing into the vitals of the society. It has been argued that one of the many obstacles to the development of poor countries is corruption. The youth of the society have a lot of responsibility in combating corruption. They are aware of this phenomenon but negligent towards this issue. It is the youth, especially the students, who have to take cudgels against the demon of corruption and crush it altogether.

A beginning can be made in this direction by holding anti-corruption drives. The ill-effects of corruption in public life should be publicised through the internet, facebook and blogs. The uprising young citizens need to join hands as one and battle against corruption. They need to spread awareness, more so in rural areas and equip them with knowledge about this burning issue. Recently the name of Anna Hazare has become synonymous with combating corruption so the youth of India have an idol among them whom they can follow. The dedicated efforts of the honest youth are bound to succeed in the long run in demolishing and vanquishing this social evil which has earned us a bad name.

Question 10. India is said to be a young country and is emerging as a global power. The youth is getting increasingly concerned about the problems of corruption, environment, pollution, misuse of natural resources, etc. Write an article in 150-200 words on your vision of India in 2040. (Comptt. All India 2010) Answer:

My Vision Of Future India

Most of us have a massive psychological barrier against looking at the future vision of India and those who see the future as growing directly out of the present also often narrow their vision. It is my belief that the year 2040 will belong to those who try to see diversity as a value in itself, not as an instrument for resisting new monocultures of the mind or as a compromise necessary for maintaining communal and ethical harmony. India of the future will be central to the world where the idea of diversity will be cherished as an end in itself. My vision statement is not a prediction of what will actually occur, nor is it a wish list of desirable but unattainable ends. It is actually a statement of what we believe is possible for our nation to achieve seeing the level of concern that our present-day youth is showing about problems of corruption, environmental pollution, misuse of natural resources, etc. An essential requirement for envisioning India in 2040 is to recognise that the parameters which determine national development have changed i in recent years and will change further in the future. This is likely to open up greater; possibilities than ever before. The growing I influence in the fields of technology, education, information, productive skills etc. lend credence to the view that India will ; definitely achieve and sustain higher economic growth and development in the coming decades.

Question 11. Due to the globalization of food industry and fast food culture, traditional healthy diets are increasingly being replaced by unhealthy junk food containing artificial additives and preservative chemicals. Write an article in 150-200 words for a national daily on the need for inculcating healthy dietary habits. (Comptt. All India 2010) Answer:

Need To Inculcate Healthy Dietary Habits

Due to globalisation and the advent of fast food culture, traditional healthy diets have been replaced by unhealthy junk food that has no nutritional value. Children and even adults have become quite fond of this junk food essentially because it is palatable and caters well to their taste buds. Though junk food does not come with a statutory warning, it is , actually harmful for our health if we eat it on a regular basis as it contains artificial additives and chemical preservatives. Hence the need arises for inculcating healthy dietary habits. I feel childhood is the best stage to inculcate good food habits. Through constant reinforcement and an emphasis on healthy eating choices at home parents can ensure that their kids continue to eat healthy even when they are away from home.

Parents should remember that kids learn their eating habits from them so they should lead by example and eat healthy themselves. This will encourage their kids to follow in their footsteps. Children’s initial refusal to eat healthy food should not discourage the parents. Repeated exposure to healthy foods like fresh fruits and vegetables, nuts, milk etc. will ensure that the kids might want to try it out at some point. So, constant encouragement is needed to make them try out healthy food but do not force anything. Aim to make good nutrition a way of life than a rule and healthy eating habits will come naturally and not something that is being enforced.

Question 12. Travel is an important part of a man’s education. It enables a person to learn manners, customs, languages and history of different people and places and also widens the circle of one’s acquaintances. Write an article in 150-200 words on “Travel, an Important Source of Education”. (Comptt. All India 2010) Answer:

Travel – An Important Source Of Education

To travel is to discover. If not necessary, travel is a very important aspect of education, an experience to learn on personal levels with hands-on experience. When people travel to a new place they absorb and remember information faster and retain it longer just by experiencing it themselves. Travelling to other parts of the country provides the opportunity to see different cultures practising their everyday lives. It also enables a person to learn the manners, customs, languages and history of different people and places and widens the circle of one’s acquaintances. While travelling to each new place gives us a different experience, all of these travels will add up to a worldly view that instils a feeling of connection with people, places and events from all over the globe.

In the past few years it has become a norm for people from one country to travel to another country as a part of their education programme. As wonderful as it is to read about places and people who interest us, to experience a personal visit to these places and interact personally with these people allows us to understand and even appreciate their world in a more lasting and meaningful way. Our minds open up to new things, people, places and experiences Very few ways allow for greater learning than travel. It is one of the best and most entertaining ways to get an education. While classes, books and internet sites are great ways to learn and build your knowledge base, travel takes what you have already learnt and expands upon it.

Question 13. India is making strides in the field of technology. Technology has made life easier and more comfortable than it used to be earlier. At the same time people are turning to be more and more lazy and disease-prone. Write an article in 150-200 words on the disadvantages of too much of technology. (Comptt. All India 2010) Answer:

Disadvantages Of Too Much Technology

By: ABC India has made rapid strides in the technological field. Technology has made our life more easygoing and comfortable than ever before. But these comforts bestowed on us through technological advancements is doing us more harm than good. In the 21st century, technology has evolved to accommodate a more convenient lifestyle and meet every need that could possibly need fulfilling. With the right technology in your home, you might just never feel the need to even leave your bed. Our entire lifestyle has slowly but surely been completely taken over by technology. This is having an adverse effect on our well-being. We have become lazy and disease-prone.

Modern technology has given us everything we want, whenever we want and more than we actually need, with the result that we have become a weak society. Unlike the older generation, modern-day children do not have the space and freedom of moving about and end up cramped in front of their computers and video games. This sedentary style of living causes the child to be antisocial, thus making him socially weak. Also there is added risk of obesity from less locomotion. A sedentary lifestyle, coupled with wrong food habits, has made us prone to illnesses. Though technology has greatly contributed to human development, it has its flip side and it is adversely affecting our health.

Question 14. You are Keshav/Karuna, a social worker and counsellor. You are concerned about the stressed behaviour of both parents and students during the time of examination. Write an article in 150-200 ivords to be published in a local daily on ‘Supportive parents and stress-free students’ giving ideas to enhance healthy and meaningful PARENT- WARD rapport and for making the atmosphere relaxed and encouraging during examination time. (CompIt. Delhi 2012) Answer:

Supportive Parents And Stress-Free Students

By: Karuna, Counsellor and Social Worker Most of the students and their parents are under constant pressure and usually suffer from high levels of stress especially during the time of examinations. This does them no good because it is a parents duty to reduce stress in their children and help them overcome it. Young students should not be left alone to struggle in the most difficult and significant period of their life. They need to get endless support from their parents. Better interaction between students and parents can help to settle various problems amicably and create a relaxed atmosphere during the time of examination. Moreover, parents have to be practical and realistic in their expectations.

They should always remain positive and acknowledge even the minor achievements of their children. A healthy and meaningful parent-ward rapport can help a student overcome stress easily. Every parent should give their child encouragement and support, especially during academically stressful times. Encourage your child to aim to do their best and be assured that it is the earnest effort they make and not the result that matters the most. Students who live in supportive environments, develop a range of coping strategies and become more resilient.

Question 15. You are Keshav/Karuna, a social worker and counsellor. You are concerned about senior class students ignoring sports activities owing to the pressure of examination and coaching classes. Write an article in 150-200 words to be published in a local daily on how sports not only promote physical fitness but also influence our scholastic achievements. (Comptt. Delhi 2012) Answer:

Sports – Not To Be Sidelined

By: Karuna, Social Worker and Counsellor It has become an unfortunate trend that senior class students are ignoring sports activities due to the pressure of examination and coaching classes. They seem to have forgotten the fact that sports not only promote physical fitness but will also influence their scholastic achievements. Colleges, in an effort and interest, to promote sports and games, encourage the admission of students who have excelled in sports by allotting a sports-quota to them. Besides a fun and exciting way to get involved in competitive physical activities, playing sports in high school can also help with college admissions. Sports provide for a well- rounded character. They help develop skills based on teamwork and comradeship, as well as teach young people how to set goals and persevere through hardships to achieve those goals.

Moreover, members of the college admission board are aware of the time and commitment that goes into being a part of a team sport. They are more interested in giving admission to those students who are able to strike a keen balance between sports and academics and who show a depth of commitment to a wide range of activities. Participating in sports help to develop these additional traits in a student. Indulging in a sport positively influences academics by providing an avenue to release the pent up pressure and easing the minds of students at the time of examinations.

Question 16. Your family has recently shifted from Kota in Rajasthan to Ernakulam in Kerala, where your house is situated in the midst of beautiful flowering plants and fruit-yielding trees. Every minute and every second, you are experiencing the joy of being in the lap of nature. Write an article in 150-200 words on the diversity of nature that you have experienced. You are Latha/Lalitha of Class XII. (Delhi 2013) Answer:

Joys Of Being In The Lap Of Nature

By: Latha, Class XII When my family shifted from Kota in Rajasthan to Ernakulam in Kerala, I was really excited because I had heard about the diversity of nature one gets to experience in this district. Also, I was extremely happy to be moving away from the dry and arid climate of Rajasthan. But nothing could have ever prepared me for the natural joy I experienced when I reached Ernakulam.

Ernakulam is known as the Queen of the Arabian Sea. In addition to getting a glimpse of the traditional rural Kerala lifestyle and the variant villages, to the coconut plantations and the coir villages, it was a relish to see the scenic views of the dense green tropical forests and colourful birds that enveloped us in an aura of peace and warmth and brought us closer to nature. It was a treat to be in the midst of the simple and unsophisticated rustic life and the gorgeous greens. Though Emakulam is a developed district, yet it has managed to retain its natural beauty. It is also one of the finest natural harbours in the world and a major centre of trade and commerce.

Moreover, our house is situated in the middle of beautiful flowering plants and fruit-yielding trees and each and every second we are experiencing the enormous joy of being in the lap of nature.

Question 17. Write an article in 150-200 words on the topic, ‘Poverty is the cause of all evils’, to be published in the Young World of ‘The Hindu’, Chennai. (Delhi 2013) Answer:

Poverty – The Cause Of All Evils By: ABC, Correspondent,

The Hindu, Chennai Poverty, in one way or another, is the fundamental cause of all evils. It fosters desperation which, in turn, breeds crime. The lack of money breeds all negative characteristics that people loathe; it breeds hatred, anger and jealousy.

Poverty also breeds racism, classism, ethnicism as the society itself stratifies to define classes to separate the rich from the poor. It makes people dishonest as they will do anything to get even a little bit of scarce money. In today’s world, poverty has become the root cause of all evils, because it has the power and ability to make people compromise their once held and respected values, cultures and religious beliefs. Poverty has created a new race of people with common marks of frustrations, loss of hope, prospects and value of life. Poverty leads to illiteracy, unemployment, dissatisfaction among individuals, corruption and crime and all these handicaps not only the growth of individuals but also the growth of the nation as a whole. There is an urgent need also to find solutions to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor.

Thus, poverty is indeed one of the biggest problems that is affecting our society and it definitely stands as a major obstacle in the development of an advanced, progressive and peaceful nation.

Question 18. Write an article in 150-200 words for your school magazine on the topic, ‘Obesity among School Children’. You are Mohini/Mohit. (All India 2013) Answer:

Obesity Among School Children By: Mohini

Obesity among school children is a global problem that is on the rise. It appears to increase the risk of subsequent morbidity, whether or not obesity persists into adulthood.

Recent studies on urban Indian school children report a high prevalence of obese and overweight children. Outcomes related to childhood obesity include hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, orthopaedic and psychosocial problems.

The present generation children are more of couch-potatoes who refrain from indulging in any kind of physical activity and are confined indoors most of the time. They have neither the urge nor the time to play outdoor games. A majority of children prefer to spend their time either glued to the television or the computer. Lack of physical activity combined with eating junk food makes children easy prey to diseases and ailments which were never heard of in childhood. Added to this is the lack of time because of which a child’s parents and teachers are unable to pay due attention to the child’s diet.

The need of the hour is thus a possible role of change in the dietary pattern and the physical activities of children so as to ensure that they lead healthy lives. Games, yoga and other sports should be made a compulsory part of school curriculum. Also it is imperative that all junk food is banned from school canteens which should replace this with healthy nutritious foods.

Question 19. You are Raman/Ruchika. Write an article in 150-200 words for your school magazine on the topic, ‘Life without Modern Gadgets’. (All India 2013) Answer:

Life Without Modern Gadgets By: Ruchika

Modern gadgets have enslaved us. They have made the world jump forward with a leap, built a glittering civilization, opened up innumerable avenues for the growth of knowledge, and added to the power of man to such an extent that it is possible to conceive that man could triumph over and shape his physical environment.

Our life is driven by gadgets and gizmos so much so that we cannot imagine even a day without them. On the domestic front, electronic kitchen appliances have proved to be a boon for housewives and relieved pressure off them. The biggest brands in mobile phones are also focusing on the present day needs and visualising them in their gadgets. Our life comes to a pause whenever we are disconnected from the internet. Education, communication, commerce and industry are all dependent on modern gadgets.

These modem gadgets have brought us to a height of extreme convenience to such an extent that we have forgotten our roots of simplicity—the simplicity of doing things ourselves instead of a ‘machine’ doing it for us, the simplicity of working together physically instead of creating our own workspace at home, confining ourselves to a lonesome boundary in life.

Life has really widened its prospect and with these modem gadgets around we can do everything happily and conveniently. We can do our personal stuff on these and make them an important ‘member’ of our life.

Question 20. Last week as you were coming back from school you happened to see a huge plastic bag full of leftovers of food being flung into the middle of the road from a speeding car. You wondered how people can be so devoid of civic sense. Write an article in 125-150 words on why we lack civic sense and how civic sense can be inculcated in children at a very young age. You are Shiva/Shamini. (All India 2014) Answer:

Necessity To Inculcate Civic Sense By: Shiva

It is indeed astonishing how people in our country can be so devoid of civic sense. It is not considered as an important value so it is not inculcated in children at a very young age and is not practised and encouraged at home.

When people talk about cleanliness of public places in India, civic sense or the lack of it is often quoted as one of the prime reasons for the squalor that we see all around us. And this horrid state of apathy is not limited to the lower and uneducated sections of society. Even the affluent and educated folks are devoid of civic sense. This is because civic sense is not inculcated in us from a very young age. Therefore steps should be taken up to inculcate civic education at the school level itself. Incentives should be given to people who show and practise civic sense. Use of dustbins should be encouraged and there should be stringent laws for those who flout basic civic sense.

This change has to come from within each individual. If things are left to rot they become self-perpetuating. Each one of us should try to resolve, to breathe and reside in a pristine and hygienic surrounding.

Question 21. You saw a stray dog beaten to death by a group of boys. Their act infuriated you and you scolded them for their cruel act. You decided to write an article on cruelty to animals. Write the article in 125-150 words. You are Nikhil/Naina. (All India 2014) Answer:

Cruelty To Animals By: Nikhil

Cruelty to animals or animal abuse is the human infliction of suffering or harm upon animals for purposes other than self-defence or survival. Animals are being beaten up and starved every day and millions of animals die each year because of human atrocities.

The plight of stray dogs and cows is a common sight in India. It is inhuman to let them roam around on the streets, let them eat garbage dumped on the roadsides and exposing them to being hit by fast-moving traffic. Ill-treatment and cruelty of these helpless creatures should be stringently discouraged. Shelter homes should be created for stray animals. To create awareness regarding the ill-treatment of animals campaigns, drives and street plays need to be organized. Moreover, we need to observe Animal Rights Day.

Though we have a long way to go, but gradually by making the public more aware about the issues of animal cruelty and by making the society realise the importance of animal rights, we will eventually learn to live in harmony with them.

Question 22. A newspaper report on a recent terrorist attack in your locality shattered you. You decided to write an article in a local daily on terrorist attacks and the need to maintain peace and harmony in society. Write the article in 125-150 ivords. You are Madhav/ Meena. (All India 2014) Answer:

Need To Maintain Peace And Harmony

By: Madhav Terrorism has swallowed law and order. Terrorist activities have knitted their web across our nation and act as a major threat to the society and lives of billions of civilians: Terrorism in India is very deep-rooted and complicated and has been a social stigma in our society. Its causes vary from political, religious fanaticism, intolerance, fundamentalism, social and economic factors. In our approach to I terrorism, we fail to distinguish it from the use of violence or armed struggle in a revolutionary situation. In spite of the magnitude of the problem of terrorism, there has been no consensus on a solution to this problem. In India the attempts to control terrorism have been mainly through the deployment of police, military and paramilitary forces. More steps need to be taken up to control terrorism. There should be a political will to tackle terrorism. Vigilance should be improved and awareness should be created through the media.

Ultimately it is only by improving social, economic and political conditions and by fostering the forces of democracy and secularism, peace and stability that the battle against violence and terrorism can be won.

Question 23. In the year to come (if you have not already done this year) you are going to celebrate your 18th birthday. Write an article in 150-200 words on the joys and responsibilities of being eighteen. You are Navtej/Navita. (Delhi 2015) Answer:

Joys And Responsibilities Of Being Eighteen

By: NA VITA Being eighteen is fun but also a bit tough. It is that stage of life when we have to cope with many changes in our life. The most important thing about being a eighteen is the responsibilities that come with it.

We are still considered young but our mind starts forming opinions though we are not considered old enough to express them. We are given a little more freedom. We start to creep into the adult world and encounter some new experiences. In these years of our life we are discovering ourselves, new opportunities, new duties and responsibilities. We have lesser responsibilities as compared to our elders but we are definitely responsible for our actions. This can sometimes work to our disadvantage as at this phase of our life we are always willing to try out new things and in some of these we may falter.

One of the joys of being 18 years old is that we can get a driving license and hence drive. This gives us a sense of independence. Moreover we can rationalize every crazy thing we do by stating the fact that we are still teenagers. Another major joy is the fact that we can vote at eighteen and feel accountable towards choosing our leaders. There is definitely a pressure even while we have loads of fun. So being eighteen is at times stressful but an exciting stage of one’s life. It is not a bed of roses but, neither is it a bed of thorns and we must enjoy this short yet eventful phase of our life.

Question 24. Write an article in 150-200 words on how we can make a carefree and enjoyable place for women when they can go wherever they like to without any fear of being stared at, molested or discriminated against. You are Navtej/Navita. (Delhi 2015) Answer:

Women Safety In India By: NAVTE.

Since the unfortunate December, 2012 incident in Delhi, women security is now a big question in India than it was before. Why aren’t Indian females safe? Who is responsible for their safety? How should their safety be assured?

These three questions have become features on our national agenda.

Concerns about safety restrict the mobility and activity of women and leave them with no choice but to strategise everything from timings to travel, how to walk, how to dress or commute. When we talk about women’s safety, the biggest question is how do we keep our mothers, sisters and daughters safe against violence outside the house. Women are often stared at, molested and discriminated against. Not only outside the house, they are even discriminated against at the workplace and in their homes. It is surely the responsibility of the government and each one of us strive for a safer world for women. Effective implementation of strict laws protecting women’s’ rights is the need of the hour. Offenders must be socially boycotted and severely punished to deter future crimes against women. Another imperative step is teaching self-defense techniques to women and girls at schools, colleges, offices and residential colonies.

As long as the mindset of people will not change, women can never be safe. All we need to do is to be alert and considerate. We have to develop basic morality and nurture a value system that teaches respect for women.

Women are not safe anywhere in the globe until the thinking towards women changes. So the actual need of the hour is a revolutionary change in the mindsets and conscience of men so that they view women with regard and respect.

Question 25. Emotionally as well as intellectually, a woman is as good as a man if not better. Yet we don’t allow her the same status as a man enjoys in society. Write an article in 150-200 words on ‘Status of Women in Society’. You are Navtej/Navita. (Delhi 2015) Answer:

Status Of Women In Society By: Navita

Women are emotionally and intellectually at par with their men counterparts but unfortunately, they are not given the same status that a man enjoys in the society.

It is generally seen and believed that women have lower status in context to power and influence than men in all spheres of life family, community, religion and politics. Certain scholars have attributed this inferior status of women to the patriarchal code of living. Though our Constitution has laid down the equality of the genders as a fundamental right but often women are discriminated against at home, their workplace and in the society in general. They don’t even get equal pay for equal work at some places. They single-handedly balance the pressures of domestic and public life.

In recent decades we have witnessed a series of laws passed for the upliftment of women. These legislations have been brought to give equal rights and privileges to women as men, to eliminate discriminations against women and remove inequality between genders.

But all these opportunities are wasted if certain stereotypes and biases distort the way women are perceived, often to their disadvantage.

Question 26. Ragging has raised its ugly head again. A recent incident at a prestigious school has shown that this evil has not yet come to an end. Write an article in 150-200 words on ‘Ragging, an Evil’. You are Navtej/Navita. (All India 2015)

  • a practice from the British era
  • original aim, respect for hierarchy
  • enforcing traditions, discipline
  • Prefect—a teacher substitute
  • misuse of authority
  • vulgar aspect

‘Ragging, An Evil’ By: NAVTEJ

Ragging is a social evil that has been in practice since the British era. It was initiated with the aim to reiterate respect for hierarchy and to misuse authority by enforcing traditions and discipline.

Now this social evil has spread to educational institutions. It is a damaging form of interaction of the seniors in colleges or schools with their juniors or newcomers. It has become increasingly unpopular due to several complaints of serious injuries to the victims. Due to this severity, strict laws against ragging have been enforced by the Supreme Court. Under the pretext of fun, new students are often assaulted, sometimes stripped and intimidated by their seniors and this torture leaves an indelible impression on their minds. Seeing the vulgar aspect and fatalities of ragging it has been strictly banned in many institutions and this is proving effective. The Supreme Court too has declared ragging as a criminal offence

Since ragging has degenerated into an unmitigated evil it must go completely, and there can be no argument in favour of this evil practice. Whenever it has raised its ugly head, it has only shown the physical or mental exploitation that new students are subjected to.

Question 27. India is a tourist’s dream destination. Give your views on the tourism potential of India in an article in 150-200 words. You are Navtej/ Navita. (All India 2015)

  • places of worship —religious tourism
  • foreigners—places of historical interest
  • the rich —hill stations during summers — the sun-kissed beaches in winters — leisure tourism
  • medical tourism—world-class hospitals

The Tourism Potential Of India By: Navita

India’s rich cultural history and heritage and its geographical diversity make its international tourism potential large and varied. Besides its cultural and heritage tourism, India also offers medical, business, educational and sports tourism.

Indian tourism with its places of worship, places of historical interest, hill-stations, beaches etc. embraces a vast array. For more than 4000 years, India has been regarded as one of the most spiritual places on earth. The Golden Temple at Amritsar, the Konark Sun Temple, Samath etc. attract people from all over the world. The places of historical interest in India like the TaMahal, the Red Fort, Charminar etc. are a great attraction for foreigners. During summers, tourists like to visit the hill stations in India and in winters the sun-kissed beaches are crowded with foreign tourists. Moreover, India is placed among the top three medical tourism destinations in Asia, due to the world-class hospitals, quality and low-cost treatment and highly skilled doctors. Thus, tourism in India has emerged as one of the fastest-growing sectors which have contributed significantly to our county’s economic growth and development.

Question 28. Midday meal scheme in the schools introduced by the government serves several purposes. Millions of children from the deprived sections of society get nutritious food leading to good health, are attracted to the schools, kept from going astray and developed into good citizens. The scheme may have some drawbacks too. Write an article in 150-200 words on all aspects of the scheme. You are Navtej/Navita. (All India 2015) Answer:

The Midday Meal Scheme By: Navita

The Midday Meal Scheme, a school meal programme was introduced by the Government of India to improve the nutritional status of school-going children who belong to the deprived sections of the society. This Scheme has attracted many impoverished children to school thus also preventing them from going astray.

The Midday Meal Scheme, has been a successful nationwide free school lunch program catering to all students. It has helped in boosting school enrolment, ending hunger, aiding the process of socialisation, promoting gender equality by increasing female enrolment and also creating employment opportunities for poor.

But the Midday Meal Scheme has its drawbacks also. The midday meal tragedy in Bihar which killed 23 children who ate the contaminated cooked food turned the spotlight on the problems affecting this scheme. Lack of monitoring, hygiene and corruption discredits the Midday Meal Scheme. Experts say the scheme suffers from structural problems, the biggest being the lack of a proper monitoring mechanism. Children often get low quality, insufficient and unhygienic food and there is corruption in the delivery system.

The government has now decided to streamline this scheme and involve parents and local members of the community in its implementation. This will prove to be the most positive step to ensure that the Midday Meal Scheme serves its required purpose.

Question 29. Morning assembly in the schools gives a cool and calm start to the otherwise hectic schedule of the day. It can be a means of passing important information to the students. What are your views on this significant event of the day? Write an article in 150-200 words on ‘Importance of Morning Assembly’. You are Navtej/Navita. (All India 2015) Answer:

Importance Of Morning Assembly By: Navtej

Morning Assembly is one the most important aspects of a school’s curriculum. It has the potential to nurture a positive school ethos that stresses care for the self and for others. It gives a cool and calm start to the otherwise hectic schedule of the day.

Morning Assembly prepares students physically, mentally and spiritually for the day.

A morning assembly includes prayer, songs, speeches and physical exercises all of which energise us to begin the day on an optimistic note.

Morning assembly has the potential to heighten consciousness by generating a school ethos that is calm, happy and purposeful. It also contributes to developing personal autonomy and contentment. A Morning Assembly is also a means for the whole school to celebrate national festivals together. It gives a chance to students to share stories, experiences and anecdotes etc. At a later stage in our lives, we reflect and celebrate a behaviour that reflects the values we have embedded on a daily basis through our Morning Assembly.

Morning Assembly’s can become a very positive experience once their influence and impact to both the individual and the school, in general, is truly understood and recognised.

Question 30. A 12-year-old boy in your neighbourhood drives a car and the parents proudly boast of it. Write an article in 150-200 words on the hazards of underage driving and the need to educate the young ones and their parents on the consequences of unlawful driving. You are Vishnu/Vaishnavi. (Comptt. Delhi 2015) Answer:

Hazards Of Underage Driving By: Vaishnavi

A twelve-year-old boy in our neighbourhood drives a car and the parents proudly boast of it. Unfortunately, this is not a rare occurrence. In recent years we have seen a rise of underage unlicensed drivers on the road. To address this serious issue we need to first understand the dangers of underage driving. The high number of underage drivers transgressing the law by going for a joyride can be attributed to peer pressure and a general feeling of youthful invincibility. Teenagers have a feeling that they can get away with breaking the law and this gives them a sense of bravado. The hazards of underage driving can result in loss of life or severe physical and emotional scars on the survivors.

Underage driving should be totally discouraged by parents who must talk to their children about the drastic consequences of this action and the trouble they can get into. The authorities too should take strict action against parents if children break the law. The most effective way to discourage underage driving would be to teach responsibility by setting an example. If parents drive with caution and obey traffic rules their children will also abide the laws of the road.

Question 31. It is said that if you educate a boy, you educate a person and if you educate a girl you educate a family. Write an article in 150-200 words on the importance of educating women. You are Suresh/Shobha. (Comptt. All India 2015) Answer:

Importance Of Educating Women By: Shobha

Education of girls has been a high priority with the Government of India. In the new millennium India has consolidated its earlier educational reforms with increased resources and stronger policy commitments for achieving elementary education, particularly for girls. ‘Saroa Shiksha Abhiyan’ or ‘Education For All’ programme recognizes that ensuring the education of the girl child requires changes not only in the education system but also in society’s norms and attitudes. A two-pronged gender strategy has hence been adopted to make the educational system responsive to the needs of the girls through targeted interventions which serve as a pull-factor to enhance access and retention of girls in schools on the one hand and generate a community demand for girls’ education through training and mobilisation on the other hand. The CBSE has also come up with the novel scheme of providing free education from the sixth standard onwards to the single girl child.

If India wants to rank among the developed nations, it must give foremost priority to female education because if we educate a man, we educate an individual, but if we educate a woman we educate an entire family. If women are educated then problems like female infanticide, dowry, domestic violence, child marriage and other related atrocities will vanish. Education provides the essential criteria to fulfil certain economic, political and cultural functions and improves the socio-economic status of women. At every age and level education enhances the intellectual, social and emotional development of women and enables them to meet their basic needs. Thus most of the problems that our society today faces can be eradicated by educating the girl child.

Question 32. Nowadays, students attend coaching classes early in the morning or after school hours. You feel that this trend makes them tired, affects their health and so their grades. Write an article in 150-200 words to make the students understand how this is not very helpful in improving their grades and is a waste of their precious time. You are Ram/ Rani. (Comptt. All india 2015) Answer:

Coaching Classes Waste Of Student’s Precious Time

By: Ram To attend coaching classes has become more of a trend which most students follow. This has happened because of the growing competition and the desire among students to excel. They feel that by attending these coaching classes they will be able to improve their grades but unfortunately, it is a waste of their precious time. It makes them tired, affects their health and also their grades. Coaching classes have become synonymous in the lives of city students and students find it hard to cope up with their studies without them. Almost all students who attend coaching classes have lost their time for recreation and physical activities. Students sometimes travel long distances to attend the so-called ‘reputed’ coaching centres thus wasting a lot of time.

In today’s cut-throat competition the life of students is as it is very stressful and combined with this stress is the extra burden of attending coaching classes. Parents too fail to realise how they are pressurizing the children by making their already hectic work schedule more strenuous by enrolling them in coaching classes. Education is a natural process of learning and should not be forced upon the children. Students who overestimate their stamina join these coaching classes and end up creating a mess of their daily routine.

Students are running from one place to another for coaching and are unable to realise the value of time and time management. Not only are coaching centres unnecessary but are also adversely affecting the life of students.

Question 33. Teenagers often feel confused. They face a lot of pressure from various quarters. Write an article in 120-150 words, on ‘Stress the teenager’s face’. You are Rani/Rama. (Comptt. Al 2015) Answer:

Stress The Teenager’s Face By: Ram

The teen stage of one’s life is filled with stress and anxiety. This is because it is that stage of our life when we face a host of novel problems and pressures from various quarters.

To start with teenagers experience many significant physical changes and at times they find it difficult to cope with their bodies that grow and develop rapidly.

Combined with this is social pressure, peer pressure and parental pressure. Most teenagers feel that academic concerns feature at the top of their list of stress stimulants. Worries about their future, the tension to attain good grades and cut-throat competition cause teenagers to experience inordinate amount of stress.

The stress that teenagers face today may vary from academic pressure, physical appearances, peer pressure etc. but these issues can be dealt with if parents and guardians understand these problems and approach them in a positive and friendly manner. Proper guidance is vital especially in this very formative phase in the life of children so that they can grow up to be confident and optimistic adults. Finally teenagers need to develop assertive-ness, training skills and learn practical coping skills. They should always feel good about doing a competent job rather than demanding perfection from themselves and others.

Question 34. TV and Internet have reduced the charm of reading for children. Write an article in 120-150 words on the reasons for this lack of interest. Suggest measures to create a desire to read among children right from a very young age. You are Ram/Rama. (Comptt. All India 2015) Answer:

Lack Of Interest In Reading By: Rama

Reading is an essential tool for lifelong learning. It has a vital role to play in overall development. Reading enables us to extend our scope of knowledge and experience.

But due to technological development the charm of reading has considerably reduced for children. They spend so much time glued to the TV and internet that reading a book in a quiet and peaceful corner of their homes or library has become an archaic idea for most children. This fast declining interest in reading culture among children is a cause of concern and challenge to all and we need to take up measures to alleviate this problem.

The desire for reading needs to be inculcated among children from a very young age. Parents should read out books to their kids from the time when they are incapable of reading. This way children learn that reading is fun and not a chore. This will also help to promote their attention span which is an important skill for a child to concentrate. To develop the habit of reading in children requires a number of skills that, in most children, has to be formed by direct and informed instruction provided through constant reiteration.

Question 35. India is a land of diversity. One way in which it makes us feel proud of it is the number of festivals we enjoy. Write an article in 150-200 words on ‘Festivals of India’. You are Karuna/ Karan. (Delhi 2016) Answer:

Festivals Of India By: Karuna

India is a land of diversity. People of different religions, races and cultures peacefully coexist together. This unity in diversity gives us Indians an opportunity to celebrate a number of festivals thus giving us a sense of joy and pride. These festivals create a sense of cultural unity and brotherhood. Festivals give us a unique opportunity to spend time with our friends and family and also promote communal harmony.

India is a secular country and so we celebrate many cultural and traditional festivals. Each festival is celebrated differently and uniquely based on certain rituals and beliefs. Some festivals are celebrated by the whole nation and certain festivals are confined to specific regions. But all the festivals are celebrated with great enthusiasm.

Based on rituals and religions, festivals have been categorized. There are Hindu festivals, the dates of which are fixed on the basis of the Hindu calendar. These include Diwali, Dussehra, Holi, Lohri, Janamasthmi, Raksha Bartdhan to name a few. Then there are festivals celebrated by Muslims. Important among them are Ramzan, Id-Ul-Milad, Bakra- Id, Muharram, etc. The most important festivals celebrated by the Sikhs are the birthdays of their ten Gurus. The Christians celebrate Good Friday, Easter and Christmas. The uniqueness of our country lies in the fact that in spite of diversities we celebrate and enjoy the fervour of numerous festivals which are celebrated with a sense of oneness.

Question 36. Rising pollution, fast and competitive lifestyle, lack of nutritious food etc. have caused health woes for a large section of our population. Providing health care used to be a charitable and ethical activity. Today it has become a commercialized, money spinning business. Write an article in 150-200 words on ‘How to provide proper health care to the common man’. You are Karan/Karuna. (Delhi 2016) Answer:

How To Provide Proper Health Care To The Common Man

By: Karan The incessant rise in the levels of pollution, the fast and competitive lifestyle and lack of nutritious diet has caused numerous health problems to a large section of our population. Earlier providing health care used to be a charitable activity but today it has become so commercialized, a money-spinning business. Though, to a certain extent, commercialization of health care has benefited us greatly. Privatisation of hospitals has enabled to provide better medical facilities and good ambience in hospitals. The unfortunate part however, is that a great number of our population cannot afford these facilities. These health care facilities are way beyond the reach of the common man. 60% of the population is economically weak and cannot afford to pay the expenses of a private hospital. Medical care is a basic necessity and stricter regulations need to be implemented to standardize the health practices and services across government and private hospitals.

To provide affordable health care to the common man the government should initiate the setting up of more primary health centres. At all these centres medical aid must be made more accessible, more reliable and more affordable. Essential medicines must be made available free of cost at all such centres and the essential medical facilities must also be available to all sections or society.

Healthcare is the right of every citizen, without having to go through hassles. Though we cannot say healthcare in India is at par for the rich and poor, there is a silver lining above the clouds, with the promise of a healthier tomorrow.

Question 37. India is an emerging economy. We are rich in natural resources. Yet a significant proportion of our people is living below poverty line. One cause of this poverty is our rising population. Write an article in 150-200 words on ‘How to keep a check on population’. You are Karuna/Karan. (Delhi 2016) Answer:

How To Keep A Check On Population By: Karan

Next to China, India is the second largest populated country in the world. For a developing country like India, this population explosion is a curse that is threatening the development of the country and its society.

An emerging economy, with rapidly escalating population is likely to face a lack in their resources, as the resources available per person are always plummeting, leading to increased poverty, malnutrition and other population related problems. The need of the hour is to keep a check on population. The first step in this direction would be the education of the masses. Their mental outlook needs to be altered. Moreover, increasing the welfare and status of women and girls, increasing awareness of family planning methods, encouraging female empowerment can also play a very major role in controlling population.

Improved standard of living also acts as a deterrent to large family norm. The communication media like radio, television and newspapers are a good means to propagate the benefits of planned families to the uneducated people in the rural and backward areas of India. The government can give various types of incentives to people who practice family planning. Strict legal action should be taken against child marriage and there should be proper enforcement of laws related to child labour.

If the population growth in our country is not i kept under check, no amount of progress made by India will make a difference to the poverty that plagues us.

Question 38. Women feel unsafe on the road, at their place of work and even at home. There is an urgent need to change the male mindset in its attitude towards women. Write an article in 150-200 words on ‘How to make women feel safe’. You are Karan/Karuna. (Delhi 2016) Answer:

How To Make Women Feel Safe By: Karuna

It is unfortunate that being in the 21st century with so much technological advancement we still have not been able to ensure the safety of women. Numerous cases have been reported and many unreported about the torture and humiliation that women are subjected to. They are in fact the most vulnerable as far as their safety and security is concerned.

Concerns about safety restrict the mobility and activity of women and leave them with no choice but to strategise everything from timings to travel, how to walk, how to dress or commute. When we talk about women’s safety, the biggest question is how do we keep our mothers, sisters and daughters safe against

violence outside the house. Women are often stared at, molested and discriminated against. Not only outside the house, they are even discriminated against at the workplace and in their homes.

We cannot just hold our legal system and the police responsible for the atrocities committed to women. As good citizens, we have a fundamental duty to contribute towards bringing an order to ensure dignity and respect for women so that they too can live with a sense of freedom, pride and confidence. To ensure this is the collective work of our society. A reform in the police system is also needed wherein women police should be deployed in most areas so as to make women feel safe. CCTV cameras should be installed at strategic places and these should be closely monitored. Our legal system also needs reforms wherein stringent punishments that are non-bailable in nature should be given to a person who outrages the modesty of a woman. We also need fast track courts to deal with offences and crimes against women. These can be made responsible to clear the cases on a day-to-day basis with fair trial as its core principle.

The need of the hour is to take action not by force but by will to make our country more safe and secure for women and bring to reforms whereby women feel more fearless and empowered.

Question 39. Education has always been a noble profession. Our ancestors received their learning at gurukuls and ashrams. Even in the near past pathshalas (schools) were associated with places of worship. Today, education is fast becoming commercialized. Parents have to shell out a lot of money on coaching classes, tuition fees etc. Write an article in 150-200 words on ‘The State of Education, Today’. You are Karap/Karuna. (All India 2016) Answer:

The State Of Education Today By: Karuna

Education has always been a noble profession and has always been held in high esteem. Our ancestors received their education in ashrams and gurukuls. Even in the near past pathshalas (schools) were associated with places of worships. But, in the present day, education has become commercialized, a business where lot of money is involved.

With the advent of a large number of private institutions in the mid nineties, the agenda of education has been hijacked and educational institutes have become a profit-generating business. Schools, coaching centres and educational institutes are prospering. They charge a huge amount of money to impart education and parents too are willing to shell out a lot of money to educate their wards. Even the most reputed educational institutes do not hesitate in taking large donations, which parents give to them without any hassles. Secondly, the state of education in our country today is a cause of concern. Along with rampant commercialization, the quality and standard of education has not improved much. The curriculum in schools and colleges lacks basic communication and problem-solving skills, promotes rote learning, curbs creativity and originality and lays too much emphasis on marks. There is a need for a complete overhauling of the quality of education being imparted in our institutions. Another cause for concern is the dire shortage of schools, colleges and educational infrastructure in our country. The goal of education to harness the potential of a student and to channelize it in the right way has been lost. The need of the hour is for the government and people to work hand in hand and improve these sad state of affairs.

Question 40. According to 2011 census, literacy rate of hundred percent or around has been achieved by only a couple of states in India. Illiteracy is found mostly among the old and deprived sections of society. What can the youth do to spread literacy in society? Write an article in 150-200 words on ‘Role of students in eradicating illiteracy’. You are Karuna/Karan. (All India 2016) Answer:

Question 41. Increase in the number of private vehicles has caused problems like rising air pollution, traffic jams, lack of parking space, road rage etc. The solution lies in the use of public transport. Write an article in 150-200 words on ‘ The Importance of Public Transport’. You are Karan/ Karuna. (All India) Answer:

The Importance Of Public Transport

By: Karan Increase in the number of private vehicles in the last two decades has led to an unprecedented rise in air pollution, traffic jams, lack of parking space, road rage, etc. One of the solutions to this problem lies in the use of public transport.

Use of public transport reduces travel by private vehicles. Public transport is beneficial as it not only eases congestion on roads but also saves fuel, money and energy. When people use public transport they reduce their carbon footprint and conserve energy by eliminating travel that would otherwise have been made in a private vehicle. It also gives people energy efficient choices and reduces overall greenhouse gas emissions without reducing the mobility that is so vital to our nation’s economic growth. To encourage more people to use public transport the authorities need to improve local train and bus services. Funds need to be allocated to make public transport services accessible and more reliable.

A bus with as few as 7-8 passengers is more fuel efficient than an average single occupant car. The recent odd-even rule for cars started by Chief Minister of Delhi, Mr. Arvind Kejriwal was initiated to encourage the use of public transport and thereby reduce pollution caused by traffic. The authorities are working hard to make public more aware of how useful, efficient and less damaging to the environment the use of public transport is.

Question 42. In certain states of India there is a great imbalance in the male female ratio. This is the result of special treatment given to boys in the family. Why is it so? How can we change this mindset? Write an article in 150-200 words on ‘Gender discrimination in society’. You are Karuna/Karan. (All India 2016) Answer:

Gender Discrimination In Society By: Karuna

The 2011 census in India has revealed that the gender imbalance is at its highest level in certain states of India. A cultural preference for boys and the increasing availability of prenatal screening to determine an unborn child’s sex have helped contribute to a worsening in the male-female ratio.

More boys and fewer girls in a population has disastrous effects not only on the social life but also on the economic vibrancy of a country. In India the male in general and the male child, in particular, have privileged position in the patriarchal family tradition. It is the sons who inherit land, carry forward the family name, financially provide for parents in old age and perform rituals for deceased parents. Awareness needs to be created in certain sections of society regarding equality of women. Though Government regulations help to improve the position of women in society, the actual way to change the mindset of people is through education and changing the ways that people think about gender roles. The media must take active part in educating the people about the importance of gender equality. The government must enforce laws protecting women in all spheres of life—be it at the domestic front or at the professional front. More number of men must be recruited in the fight against gender discrimination. When men treat women with respect, the gender equality movement is strengthened.

The girl deficit will create a society that will be much less stable and much more volatile than it would be with a balanced male female ratio.

Question 43. While watching TV what we generally dislike most are commercial breaks, yet, a number of advertisements do add to our information. Write an article in 150-200 words on ‘Advertisements as source of information’. You are Karuna/Karan. (All India 2016) Answer:

Advertisements As A Source Of Information

By: Karan I Commercial breaks are generally disliked by most of us while watching TV, yet, a number of advertisements are a source of information. They give us a fair knowledge about the goods and services available in the market and enable us to choose our options.

Advertisements are considered to be an integral part of business which make people aware of the goods and services available in the market. They promote competition among producers and manufacturers who have to maintain good quality of their goods to ensure their sale. New products are introduced and popularised through advertisements. The consumer saves time due to prior knowledge about the product, its price, its features, etc. Advertising is a very artistic way of communicating with the customers with great communication skills as its main characteristic. Moreover they provide information to the producers or the companies about their competitors and enable them to match the level of their competitors.

Advertisements help to educate people. Social issues like family planning, child labour, education of save girl child , etc. are aptly highlighted through the medium of advertisement. The public is made aware of several social welfare schemes initiated by the government through the medium of advertisements.

Advertisements open our vision to a wide variety of products and services and definitely add to our information in a light and entertaining manner.

Question 44. You have turned 18 and gained the right to vote in the upcoming election. Write an article in 150-200 words on how fruitfully you are going to use your precious vote. What do you think are the qualities necessary for a candidate to become a good leader? You are Amrit/Amrita. (Comptt. Delhi 2016) Answer:

Youth And Democracy By: Amrit

In most countries, the age of 18 is when you are legally and officially treated as an adult. This gives you the privilege to enjoy certain rights alongwith the need to fulfil certain duties. I have just turned 18 and become eligible to vote. I am looking forward to casting my vote in the upcoming elections. I feel a sense of patriotism and responsibility towards my country, more so, as an educated youth. My only concern is that I should be able to use my precious vote fruitfully and choose the most able candidate as our representative. The qualities that I seek in a good leader are that One who can be trusted and is known to live a life of honesty and integrity.

True authority is bom from respect for the good character and trustworthiness of the person who leads. A good leader instills confidence and followership by having a clear vision and passion for being truly successful. A leader must be strong and decisive but also humble. An able leader makes sustainable promises and is a person who sticks to his words.

We should remember that a good leader is not innately bom. So always choose and vote for a candidate who possesses the qualities of determination, self reflection, open-mindedness, patience and knowledge.

Question 45. Mobile phones have influenced children in a big way. Write an article in 150-200 words on how they have affected the younger generation. You are AmriAmrita. (Comptt. Delhi 2016) Answer:

Youth And Mobile Phones By: Amrita

Technology has taken over every sphere of human life, the most popular being mobile phones which have drastically affected the lives of all people, especially youngsters who feel absolutely lost if they are without their cell phones.

It has been seen that every technological advancement that provides dramatic benefits has consequential costs and it is this area of mobile phone usage that needs attention, particularly their affect on youngsters. Parents are unable to understand their children’s obsession with their mobile phones. They find the so called ‘mobile culture’ stressful, causing a rift between members of a family. The younger generation has grown up with mobile phones and so are completely addicted to these devices. The worry over the impact of this mobile dependency on the present generation of youngsters is its addiction which makes them couch potatoes and gives them objectionable exposure. Since mobile phone is a safety device we cannot prohibit youngsters from using it but the solution lies in scheduling a fixed time for its usage, parent counselling and checking and diverting the attention of children and youngsters towards other constructive activities.

The advantages or disadvantages of a mobile phone, like any other device, depends entirely upon its usage. The cell phone is very helpful and convenient and we should ensure its optimal and positive usage.

Question 46. Road accidents have doubled in the last few years. Write an article in 150-200 words on the reasons for increase in the number of accidents and how they can be minimised. You are Dev/Devika. (Comptt. Delhi 2016) Answer:

Alarming Rise In Road Accidents By: Dev

Road accidents have become the leading cause of death by injury and the tenth leading cause of all deaths globally. In India, the pressure on roads has been on an alarming rise and the lack of road sense has made matters worse.

Driving licenses are issued on illegal gratifications to some drivers and traffic rules and regulations are rarely adhered to. The lack of tolerance and patience among drivers leads to an increased sense of anger and uncontrolled behaviour especially by the youngsters. Moreover the condition of roads needs to be improved and maintained. They are often full of potholes and their condition worsens during the rainy season. To prevent these accidents, it is imperative that effective long and short-term measures are effectively adopted. The traffic police needs to be more active and strict to ensure proper implementation of rules. Higher fines should be imposed and license of repeated offenders should be confiscated. There should be an effective check on the speed limit of vehicles.

To minimise the number of road accidents proper awareness needs to be created among the masses regarding road safety alongwith importance of observation of traffic rules.

Question 47. Parents keep on saving money to be spent on the weddings of their children. This money could have been spent, instead on their education. Write an article in 150-200 words on ‘Importance of simple weddings’. You are Anu/Anurag. (Comptt. All India 2016) Answer:

Importance Of Simple Weddings By: Anu

It is the responsibility of every parent to give a decent upbringing and education to their child. But unfortunately, there are still some parents who compromise on their child’s education, especially if their child is a girl, and instead save money to be spent on her wedding.

The basic social structure in our country is such where the marriage of a girl is more important than her education. It is a rather costly affair and the parents spend all their life-savings for this grand and extravagant event. They do not want to compromise on the expenditure of their daughter’s marriage so they end up compromising on her education instead. Many a time parents want their daughters to get a good education with the sole purpose of enhancing her matrimonial prospects.

The need of the time is to give a girl’s education topmost priority. The concept of simple marriage should be promoted. The money spent on a girl’s education is actually an investment. Let us remember marriage is an important but not the ultimate purpose of a girl’s life. It is only a part of it and a choice some girls probably do not wish to make. So a girl should be given good education, good morals and she must be encouraged to pursue her passions.

After all, a parent’s main concern is the welfare of their daughter, so they should make a start by placing the control of her future in her own hands by giving her a good education.

Question 48. You are Mr. Raghav, Physical Education Teacher in your school. Write an article for the school magazine, in 150-200 words, on ‘Exercise and Healthy Living’. (Comptt. All India 2016) Answer:

Exercise And Healthy Living By: Mr. Raghav,

Physical Education Teacher Modern life can be quite stressful and taxing and therefore it is most important to live a healthy life which we can lead only through a disciplined routine and regular exercise. The health benefits of physical activity and exercise are hard to ignore.

Exercise keeps one active, alert and also sharpens one’s memory. It enables one to develop a positive attitude, increases productivity and gives long life. Morning walk, Yoga, aerobics and other exercises help us to lead a healthy life. Moreover, regular physical exercise improves one’s muscle strength and boosts endurance. Exercise and physical activity deliver oxygen and vital nutrients to our tissues and help our cardiovascular system work more efficiently.

Exercise and physical activity can also be a fun way to spend time. It gives us a chance to unwind, enjoy the outdoors or simply engage in activities that make us happy. As a general rule, aim for at least thirty minutes of physical exercise every day. Exercise is the miracle cure we have always had but sometimes, probably for too long, we neglect to take our recommended dose.

People of all ages need to exercise and reduce their sedentary lifestyle which means we all need to think about increasing the types of physical activities that can easily be included in our daily routine.

Question 49. Life in cities is not as safe as it used to be. People feel more at risk today. The police department of your city has been laying emphasis on public safety through exhibitions, mock drills and seminars. Write an article in 150-200 words on ‘How to ensure safe life in cities’. You are Aman/Anamika. (Comptt. All India 2016) Answer:

How To Ensure Safe Life In Cities By: Aman

Living in a city enables people to advance socially and economically. However many challenges exist for people living in cities. One of the main challenges is the question of the safety of city dwellers.

Crimes like kidnapping, murder, rape, robberies, chain-snatching and crimes against women and senior citizens are most common. The reasons for these can be attributed to unemployment, illiteracy, greed and the desire to maintain high status by acquiring easy money. We cannot always hold our legal system and the police responsible for the rise of crime rate in cities. It is the duty of each one of us to be vigilant at all times and to ensure our safety.

The police certainly need to be more active and vigilant. Offenders need to be punished most stringently so as to deter others about the repercussions in case they commit the same crime. Parents need to inculcate moral values in their children from a very young age so that they grow up clearly understanding the difference between right and wrong. The government should generate more employment opportunities to ensure that the number of unemployed youngsters in our country does not rise.

It is definitely the collective responsibility of our government, the police department and each one of us to strive for a safe and secure city.

Question 50. Villages are lacking in basic facilities like clean drinking water, proper sanitation etc. As a result people suffer from various diseases. Write an article in 150-200 words on ‘Rural Health’. You are Arun/Karuna. (Comptt. All India 2016) Answer:

Rural Health By: Karuna

Rural health care is one of the biggest challenges facing the Health Ministry of India. With more than seventy per cent of our population living in rural areas and the low level of health facilities, mortality rates due to diseases are on a high. So, rural life is healthy is more of a myth.

Healthcare is the right of every individual but lack of quality infrastructure, dearth of qualified medical functionaries and non-accessibility to basic medicines and medical aid thwarts its reach to more than sixty per cent of population that lives in rural India. Basic amenities like clean drinking water, a proper sewage and drainage system and the facility of toilets is still not available to our major rural population.

Several organisations are working alongwith the government and NGOs to improve the rural health system in India. People living in rural areas need to be made aware of the importance of cleanliness and sanitation. Regular health check camps should be set-up at primary health centres in rural areas. Health- Melas should be organised to spread health awareness among the masses.

Growth in national income is not enough by itself if its benefits do not manifest themselves in the form of better health facilities for all.

Question 51. Our performance in Rio Olympics has told us that we do not pay enough attention to ! athletics and outdoor games. It is time we revised our attitude. Sports should be an important part of a school’s daily routine. Write an article in 150-200 words on the ‘Importance of Outdoor Games’. You are Sreea/Thomas. (Delhi 2017 2016) Answer:

Importance Of Outdoor Games By; Sreeja

Our country’s performance in the Rio Olympics is enough proof that athletics and outdoor games are not given due importance and neglected completely by our government, schools, colleges and by one and all. It is high time we revise our attitude and make sports an important part of our school and college curriculum.

It has been argued that sports should be made compulsory right from the primary classes and should be made an integral part of school education. Besides providing a basis for physical fitness, sports and outdoor games inculcate a spirit of competition and impart a sense of discipline and togetherness in us. Outdoor games also enable us to become more daring and adventurous. We always think of a healthy mind in a healthy body.

Both physical and mental well being are the essential prerequisites for great achievement in our life. Thus, it is actually high time we make the required efforts to spot our sports talents when they are young and provide them with all the necessary facilities and infrastructure to hone their talent. They need to be trained from a very young age to enable them to compete confidently with world champions.

Question 52. Every teenager has a dream to achieve something in life. What they are going to become tomorrow depends on what our youth dream today. Write an article in 150-200 ivords \ on ‘What I want to be in life’. You are Simranif/Smita. (All India 2016) Answer:

What I Want To Be In Life By: Simranjit

Every teenager has a dream to achieve something in life. Any person without an aim or dream drifts aimlessly and can never achieve success. Aimless life is like a rudderless ship which leads us nowhere.

I too have a dream that I will work very hard to fulfil. I want to be a pilot. I have spent most of my childhood reading aviation history which has always fascinated me. Moreover, as a pilot I can lead an adventurous life and also get an opportunity to face various types of challenges. An action-oriented and challenging career has always been my passion. My first conscious entry into a plane was probably at the age of six or seven years. I can still recall how awestruck I was at the idea that the plane was actually going to fly with so many people on board and thought that the person who was going to fly the plane was probably a demi-God. I was really fascinated by this person who I got to know was called the ‘pilot’ and somehow the idea of flying a plane got stuck in my mind since that tender age.

My passion for flying a plane has grown with age and today I am so happy that I have started on the voyage of life which will ultimately make me fulfil my dream.

Question 53. To have a fair complexion is an obsession in our society. Demand for fair brides in matrimonial columns and sale of fairness creams are evidence enough. Write an article in 150-200 words giving your view on ‘Beautiful mind, better than a fair complexion.’ You are Natwar/Nimmi. Use the following clues: (All India 2016)

  • the west, people like to be tanned
  • fair complexion, only skin deep
  • beautiful mind
  • attitude to life
  • behaviour in society, etc.

Beautiful Mind, Supersedes A Fair Complexion By: Natwar

To have a fair complexion is an obsession in our society, more so where the female gender is concerned. Demand for fair brides in matrimonial columns and the sale of fairness creams are evidence enough how obsessed our society is with fair complexion.

Though the people of our country blindly ape the western culture, but in this respect they are not like people in the West who like to be tanned. Let us not forget that fair complexion is only skin deep and a beautiful person is one who has a beautiful mind. All the development and progress that we are so proud of in the 21st century has not been able to remove the shackles of medieval mindset. It is actually our behaviour in society that determines the kind of person we are. It is high time we revaluate what we consider beautiful and thus assess the unrealistic expectations and pressures that are unnecessarily put on females to be superficially beautiful.

Making technological progress is an achievement but our real advancement would be when we get rid of this racist mindset within our society. Unfortunately we still have a long way to go to achieve that.

Question 54. You are Ram/Rajani. You feel that India, with its rich and varied heritage, linguistic and cultural diversity is an excellent destination for tourism. Promoting tourism will surely promote our economy. Write an article titled, ‘Promoting Tourism is Promoting Ourselves’, in 150-200 ivords, specifying the advantages of promoting tourism and how it can be ; accomplished. (Comptt. Delhi 2016) Answer:

Promoting Tourism Is Promoting Ourselves

By: Ram 1 India is a vast country, with a rich and varied i heritage, linguistic and cultural diversity and I therefore its tourist potential is equally vast. ; Promoting tourism will also play a vital role in the development of our country as it is an important source of earning foreign exchange. Tourism has become a thriving global industry with the power to have a positive impact on the developing countries. It is the largest service industry in India, so the Ministry of Tourism, the nodal agency for developing and promoting tourism in India runs and maintains the “Incredible India” campaign.

India is a large country with a rich cultural heritage and so it has the potential to provide ; great geographical and cultural diversity to ! tourists. In spite of this the number of tourists ; visiting India is decreasing rapidly every year. I It’s always easy to have discussions on what ; the tourism industry should do and what it is ; not doing. Cleanliness, hygiene and safety are factors most tourists thrive upon and in this sector our country’s progress lags behind, mainly because there are no stringent laws that i are effectively implemented. Indian tourism ; industry has been hit by pollution. Resolving these issues by imposing heavy fines on the ! polluters, enforcing consumer laws, ensuring ! security of tourists, especially females and providing decent and hygienic accommodation I will go a long way in promoting tourism and thereby salvaging the much needed foreign exchange for our country.

Also the tourist infrastructure in India should I be strengthened. Airports and railway stations should provide accurate and reliable information to foreign tourists about tourist destinations, hotels, taxis, etc. Government-owned hotels should be managed properly. The Government should take steps to restore the splendour of the ancient monuments and also take appropriate steps for the upkeep and maintenance of the various tourist destinations. Although the tourism industry has initiated many improvements lately, we still have a long way to go so as to ensure tourism alone is able to generate significant revenue for the country.

Question 55. You are Ram/Rajani, a social activist. You feel unnecessary hurry is the cause of stress that hurts people right from children to elders and is crippling us in many ways, even causing death. Write an article on the topic, ‘Slow and Steady Wins the Race ‘ in 150-200 words, driving home how measured steps, meaningful measures coupled with systematic approach can make us achieve our goals. (Comptt. Delhi 2016) Answer:

Slow And Steady Wins The Race By: Ram

The famous saying, ‘Slow and steady wins the race’ emphasizes the problems one is likely to face due to unnecessary hurry. This hastiness is the cause of stress that hurts children and adults alike and is crippling our society in many ways, even causing death.

A person who is consistent and steady in his approach can achieve success even if he is slow because his steps are measured, like the tortoise in the famous ‘tortoise and hare story’ in which the tortoise won the race because of his tireless efforts. But the concept of life being a race is flawed, because as soon as one thinks of it in such terms he gets into an excited state of agitation. Our life is not a race which can be won through our hastiness. It is a fascinating journey wherein measured steps and a systematic approach can enable us to achieve our goals.

Success is very much an achievable target if we view things with confidence; without giving up when things do not seem to fall in place and being patient when it is taking time to reach our expected destination. We may often come across a person who, despite his exceptional talent fails, while another person with ordinary merit succeeds. The difference lies in the way these two people have worked. The one who worked hastily failed and the one who worked steadily and consistently became successful. When we are in an unnecessary hurry, our chances for making mistakes and errors increase because in our hastiness we may have to compromise on the quality of work. Let us always remember there is no shortcut for success and there is no alternative for hard work.

Question 56. You are Ram/Rajani. You feel that in India, with its rich and varied heritage, linguistic and cultural diversity is essential to live in harmony which alone will lead to prosperity and peace. Write an article on the topic ‘Unity i in Diversity’, in 150-200 words, specifying the advantages of unity and how we can promote it in spite of our diversity in religion, culture and language. You may quote relevant i examples. (Comptt. Delhi 2016) Answer:

Unity In Diversity By: Ram

India has a rich and varied heritage with linguistic and cultural diversity. So to live in peace and harmony it is essential to be united despite the differences in our culture, caste or religion. We need to stay joined by only one faith and that is a brotherhood.

The good thing about our country and its culture is that it is tolerant and absorbing. The ! democratic set-up facilitates the process of promoting unity. The diversity in every religion or culture should therefore serve as a source of strength. We need to be proud of our cultural distinctiveness. Though our religions are different, their basic teachings are the same, belief in the theory of Dharma and Karma.

To promote unity in our diverse country we need to think beyond petty interests and must . work for broader goals to bring about prosperity and progress in our society. Our social and cultural differences should not be looked upon as conflicts but as varieties that enrich our society and our nation as a whole. We celebrate various festivals with a sense of unity, especially in schools and colleges. We display a great sense of unity when there is a foreign invasion challenge. The social customs and traditions which all Indians observe, irrespective of their caste and religion in different parts of our country, bring a sense of unity which keeps alive the message of being united despite our diversity.

Question 57. You are Ram/Rajani. You are concerned about the growing problem of obesity in children which leads to type II diabetes. Write an article in 150-200 words titled ‘Health, the best Wealth,’ throwing light on what problems arise if we eat junk food or overeat and neglect our health, and how we can maintain good health through right food and good habits. (Comptt. Delhi 2016) Answer:

Health, The Best Wealth By: Rajani

‘Health is Wealth’, is an old saying which aptly sums up the importance of maintaining good health. If we are healthy we are physically and mentally contented as we are away from medical conditions like hypertension, diabetes, heart ailments etc.

In the past decade there has been an unprecedented rise in the growing problem of obesity in children, which is leading to type II diabetes. Children especially in the cities, binge on junk food or overeat, have sugar-sweetened beverages and include very few fruits and vegetables in their normal diet. As a result they become overweight and obese and make themselves vulnerable to lifestyle diseases like high blood pressure and type II diabetes. It is imperative to ensure that children maintain a healthy lifestyle through right food and good eating habits. They should be encouraged to eat foods that provide adequate nutrition and provide an appropriate number of calories. Parents should look for ways to make their favourite dishes healthier and ensure that their children eat calorie-rich food in moderation. Children should be encouraged to adopt an active lifestyle where they engage in some sort of physical activity daily. It is recommended to focus on small but permanent changes in the children’s eating pattern than a series of short-term changes which cannot be sustained for long. To effectively address the complex problem of childhood obesity a sustained effort to promote a healthy lifestyle needs to be followed by parents and these strategies need to be initiated in children at a very early stage.

Question 58. Choice of course after clearing Senior School Examination produces a great deal of stress on the minds of our students. Counselling can be of great help to them. Write an article in 150200 words on the topic, ‘Role of counselling in choice of course’. You are Ram/Rajani. (Comptt. Al 2016) Answer:

Role Of Counselling In Choice Of Course

By: Ram Every student faces the question of ‘What Next?’ after clearing his Senior School Examination. During this phase most students face a great deal of stress and at this time counselling regarding the choice of course can prove to be of valuable help to them.

Many students face a dilemma while choosing a course because the only career guidance they have is the opinion of their parents, the teacher’s judgement and their friends’ comments. These factors are certainly not sufficient for a child to base the foundation of his entire life and career. Professional counselling involves scientifically developed aptitude and personality tests that enable the counsellor to give the best-suited advice to students to choose the course that best suits their ability. Human capabilities are numerous and cannot be measured but every person has some unique traits.

Based on their strengths, one of the keys that helps to identify these i qualities is through the medium of counselling. Counselling sessions help the students to understand the pros and cons of the different streams and the career paths they offer, so students can make an informed choice and get a correct course assessment that enables them to avoid risk of career path change later in their life. Counselling thus provides the essential morale-boost to students by building their level of motivation that is very essential for longterm success and improves their overall performance.

Question 59. You are Raip/Rajani, a social activist. You feel that in spite of all the hue and cry over the protection of women in society are harassed on the road and even at home. Write an article in 150-200 words on the topic ‘Women must be given Honour’. Give suggestions on how women can get honour in society. (Comptt. All India 2016) Answer:

Women Must Be Given Honour By: Ram, Social Activist

Women constitute almost half of the world’s population and are equal stakeholders of society. But unfortunately, even now, in the 21st century, violence against women is rampant and their unnecessary harassment continues despite the hue and cry of there being more laws to ensure their protection.

It is a bitter reality that, every year, thousands of women become victims of violence in their homes and are harassed on the roads and sometimes these incidents devastate their lives forever. These unfortunate incidents affect the physical as well as mental health of the victim. It is very important to take up concrete efforts and introduce stem laws to ensure how violence and harassment against women can be avoided and how they can get their due honour in society.

We cannot just hold our legal system and the police responsible for the atrocities committed to women. As good citizens, we have a fundamental duty to contribute towards bringing an order to ensure dignity and respect for women so that they too can live with a sense of freedom, pride and confidence. To ensure this is the collective work of our society. We have to develop basic morality and nurture a value system that teaches respect for women, especially among young boys and men.

A reform in the police system is also needed wherein women police should be deployed in most areas so as to make women feel safe. CCTV cameras should be installed at strategic places and these should be closely monitored. Our legal system also needs reforms wherein stringent punishments that are non-bailable in nature should be given to a person who outrages the modesty of a woman. We also need fast track courts to deal with offences and crimes against women.

The need of the hour is to take action not by force but by will to make our country safe and secure for women and bring in reforms where-by women feel more fearless and empowered.

Question 60. You are Ram/Rajani. Write an article in 150200 words on ‘Importance of Newspaper in our Life’. (Comptt. All India 2016) Answer:

Importance Of Newspapers In Our Life By: Rajani

Newspapers are the oldest and most reliable source of news and information. The electronic media is at times unreliable, gives inadequate information and is not always available. Newspapers are not only most easily available but they are also the cheapest. Moreover newspapers are very important for students for a good exposure to English language and enhancement of their vocabulary through the “Editorial Column”. Newspapers are written with honesty and sincerity unlike the electronic media which sensationalizes news to increase TRPs and sometimes misleads public.

Though news conveyed by TV news channels is quicker and faster, these, many a time, tend to omit facts and details about an incident and sometimes even sensationalize news without a reason. Here the newspaper comes in handy as it gives not only vital details but also contains more reliable news. Besides, the newspaper is easy to carry and can be read at any time. Further, the permanence of the printed word helps in refreshing one’s memory about certain facts and incidents reported in the past. Newspapers also contain many columns dedicated to advertisements like vacant situations, buying or selling of goods, information about missing persons, obituary news, etc. All this and much more information is contained only in the newspaper. Newspapers have been and will remain the mouthpiece of the nation and the unseen advisers of the common people.

Question 61. You are Ram/Rajani, a social worker. The banning of liquor shops is being taken up in many states. You welcome the move. Write an article in 150-200 words supporting the move, highlighting how it will promote the society’s standard of living, health, economy etc. and appreciating the governments that are ready to forego the revenue that comes out of it. (Comptt. All India 2016) Answer:

Banning Of Liquor Shops By: Rajani

Many states have taken up the welcome move of banning liquor shops. These states include Gujarat, Bihar, Nagaland and Manipur and the Union Territory of Lakshadweep. This move is most positive and will help to promote the physical and mental well-being of society in general.

Binge drinking and continued alcohol consumption cause many health problems. Moreover, it decreases the productivity of an individual, increases family problems and is also one of the major causes of broken relationships. People who drink heavily are most likely to develop a physical and emotional dependency on alcohol. With so many negative effects associated with its consumption, there is no reason why one should not appreciate the government’s move of banning liquor shops.

It is also a matter of appreciation that the governments are ready to forego a large amount of revenue that they gain by selling liquor, only because it impacts negatively on society. The Government of these states have imposed complete ban for a social cause to create an alcohol-free environment. Through this ban the governments hope to improve society’s standard of living. When alcohol is not available and there is no way it can be bought the money one wastes on it is saved and can be utilised productively elsewhere.

So there is no doubt about the fact that this bold and welcome move taken by the government should be appreciated and applauded.

Important Questions for Class 12 English

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Article Writing Class 12

Table of Contents

Article Writing Class 12 Format, Topics, Examples, Samples – An article is when you write down your thoughts about a topic in a logical and organized way, using paragraphs that make sense.

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What is Article Writing?

An article is a piece of writing that gets put in a newspaper or on the internet. People write articles to share news, findings from research, thoughts on academic topics, or to start discussions. They can be found in newspapers and magazines.

Article Writing Format

When a student needs to write an article for a school assignment, they should use the format recommended by CBSE. Here, you can find a detailed explanation of the CBSE article writing format.

The Format of Article Writing consists of the following parts –

  • By line, and

1. HEADING – The heading should be catchy and in not more than 5-6 words. You can feel free to be imaginative with this, but remember not to spend too long on it during the exam.

2. BY LINE – This is about the name of the person writing the article. Usually, the question provides it. If it’s not there, don’t include your personal information.

NOTE – You are not supposed to mention any of your personal details while attempting the answers in the exam.

3. BODY – It is the main part of your writing piece. It generally consists of 3-4 paragraphs.

PARAGRAPH 1: It’s important to start with a brief introduction about the topic, keeping it concise. Explain what the article is about by using some quotes or surprising facts to grab the readers’ attention.

PARAGRAPH 2: This part can be written in one or two paragraphs. You need to thoroughly analyze the subject. This analysis can include:

TYPES – In how many forms does the problem exist? You are required to mention the various possible types (if it exists).

CURRENT SCENARIO – Next, explain what’s happening now, any problems if there are any, and whether any steps have been taken to make things better, and if these steps have worked or not.

It may include advantages/ disadvantages depending upon the topic in question.

CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP – Show how one thing leads to another by using facts or data. You can also write about the results or outcomes.

Any other relevant and related information.

PARAGRAPH 3: The last part is the conclusion, where you wrap up what you’ve written. Don’t leave your article hanging without a proper ending. Remember, when you talk about a problem, mention the steps being taken to make it better and suggest some solutions. You can also include predictions and personal thoughts. Keep this paragraph short and to the point. You can make it interesting by adding quotes.

Article Writing Class 12 – Points to Remember

1. An article expresses the personal opinion and ideas of the writer on an important topic. 2. It should have an eye-catching heading. 3. The name of the writer can be written on the right-hand side under the topic or at the bottom after writing the article. 4. Start the topic by drawing attention to the topic in an interesting way–using quotes/statistics/anecdotes/ rhetorical questions. This will constitute the first paragraph. 5. The next paragraphs should be used in building up the topic with the help of evidence and statistics in a logical, sequential order. Avoid repeating points. Articles are usually written in third person.

Marking is done as follows: (If total mark is 5)

Format – 1 mark Accuracy of Spelling and Grammar – 1 mark Content – 2 marks Organisation of Ideas – 1 marks • Format: Heading and Writer’s name. • Content: Marks for relevant matter presented in an organised manner. It should detail different aspects of the topic like causes, effects, advantages, disadvantages, merits, demerits, etc. • Expression: Grammatical accuracy, appropriate words and spellings – 1 mark. Coherence and relevance of ideas and style – 1 mark.

Article Writing Class 12 Solved Examples

1. Our performance in Rio Olympics brought to light that we do not pay enough attention to athletics and outdoor games. It is time to revise our attitude. Sports should be an important part of a student’s life. Write an article on the ‘Importance of Outdoor Games’. You are Sreeja/Thomas.

(Delhi 2017, Set I)

Importance of Outdoor Games (by Sreeja)

It is said that ‘All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy’. Sports and games are instrumental in improving not only our physical but also our mental health. Sports increase our concentration power and build personality. Unfortunately in India the value of sports remains unappreciated. Sports lovers are regarded in an inferior light than academically inclined persons. The natural enthusiasm of children for robust and healthy outdoor games is thus dampened. Thus, only few children are inclined to make careers in sports. This attitude of ours has recently taken a beating in the Rio Olympics where our performances left much to be desired. More and more students need to be encouraged to play the sport of their choice. Moreover talent should be spotted right at the level of school and nurtured regularly with the best facilities and training possible. Parents also need to appreciate the value of sports for personality building. Last but not least, the government should channelize more funds to develop and nurture sporting talent.

2. Every teenager has a dream to achieve something in life. What they are going to become tomorrow depends on what our youth dream today. Write an article on ‘What I want to be in life’. You are Simranjit/ Sunita.

(All India 2017, Set I)

What I Want to be in Life (by Sunita)

From the time I was seven I felt like my being on this Earth was for a reason and that I was destined to do something great in my life. I wish to be a social worker. I want to help people. The profession of social work seeks to improve the quality of life for individuals and bring about an effective the change through the pursuit of social justice. Just like any helping profession, such as nursing and teaching, social work seeks to help people overcome some of life’s most difficult challenges. What separates social work from other helping professions is its emphasis on social justice. The profession of social work is varied- serving people young and old, from every walk of life, in a number of settings such as hospitals, schools, neighborhoods and community organizations. It involves working with families, couples, groups, organizations, and communities. I too volunteer to work with the NGO Khushi twice a week and take classes for labourers on health and hygiene. I shall study social work in future and work to bring happiness and comfort in the lives of the less fortunate.

English For Class 11th & 12th

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article writing on education class 12

Venushree Agarwal ,

Mar 4, 2024

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CBSE article writing format class 12 involves a heading, byline, article body, & conclusion. The article writing topic is worth 5 marks as per the marking scheme.

Article Writing Format Class 12: Format, Topics, Samples

CBSE article writing format class 12 comprises 4 main components: heading, byline, article body, and conclusion. In the CBSE English curriculum, article writing is an important topic in class 12, carrying 5 marks. Students must go through the CBSE class 12 article writing format, common topics, examples, marking scheme, and tips provided here to score high marks in the exam.

Table of Contents

CBSE Article Writing Format Class 12

Article writing format class 12 examples, article writing class 12 topics, cbse article writing format class 12 marking scheme, article writing class 12 tips and tricks.

The format of an article plays a vital role in capturing the reader's attention. The CBSE article writing format class 12 consists of four parts:

Article Body

The article's heading must be catchy and engaging, and it should provide a gist of the central theme of the topic in not more than 5-6 words. Using punctuation marks should be avoided in the heading, and the writer must check for spelling or grammatical errors carefully.

The byline is the second part of the CBSE article writing format class 12. In simple terms, this line indicates the name of the writer. Usually, the name of the person is given in the question paper only. However, if it is not mentioned, students can write their own names.

The body represents the main portion of the CBSE article writing format class 12. It comprises 3-4 paragraphs that must be organised logically by the student. The pointers below provide more details on how and what to write in the body paragraphs:

Paragraph 1: This is the introductory paragraph wherein students must mention the article's major points. It must be written in simple language, clearly explaining what the article is discussing. A few facts or quotations can be given here to catch the reader’s attention and arouse their interest.

Paragraphs 2 & 3: Here, the students must provide a comprehensive analysis of the topic. The content of these paragraphs can vary based on the topic asked. However, in general, the writers must use the following factors to elaborate on the crucial points:

  • Types: The writer must describe the existing issues related to the theme.
  • Current Situation: The current scenario of the problem must be explained here, along with the measures that should be taken to rectify it. 
  • Cause and Effect Relationship: Writers should form a cause-and-effect relationship by quoting facts, examples, and other relevant data. They should put forward their viewpoints in a logical and coherent way and further explain the consequences.

The conclusion paragraph must be precise and should summarise the complete article describing the issues discussed and effective solutions that are taken. Students must note that an article should never be left open-ended.

Also Check :  CBSE Grading System

Let us now understand the article writing format class 12 with an example. Girls across many parts of India are still deprived of education. However, some schemes have been introduced by the government to offer free education to the girl child. Write a letter on the topic - “Education of Girl Child in India” in 150-200 words. You are Manav/Manvi.

Education of Girl Child in India - Heading

By Manvi - Byline

Paragraph 1 - Owing to factors like gender inequality, social discrimination, poverty, etc., the girl child in several regions of India lacks access to education. The 2011 census revealed that the male literacy rate stands at 82.14% in India compared to the female literacy rate of 65.4%. 

Moreover, 34 million adolescent girls in the country do not attend school. All these facts and figures clearly show the plight of girl child education in India.

Paragraph 2- Education is a crucial factor for the growth and development of both men and women. However, girls in India are discouraged from attending school and are expected to assist with household chores. Poverty-stricken parents do not wish to invest in their daughter’s education and prefer to get her married instead. 

Paragraph 3-   It is vital to educate the girl child for the growth of the entire nation. With a higher female literacy, there will also be a reduction in child mortality and crime rates. The government has taken certain initiatives and launched awareness campaigns to improvise the situation of girls’ education in India. 

Conclusion- There is still a need for awareness about girl education in many regions of India. The government has taken some measures by introducing schemes like Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, Balika Samridhhi Yojana, CBSE Scholarship Scheme, etc. These programs aim to promote and incentivise education for the girl child. Thus, the improvement of girl child education in India will lead to the development of the country as a whole.

Also Read :  How to Convert CBSE CGPA to Percentage?

The following are some of the general CBSE class 12 article writing questions that have been asked previously in the exam. Students can practice writing articles on these topics to properly understand the format of the article.

  • Several metropolitan cities experienced floods recently in the monsoon season. While no one was ever held responsible for the problem, the poor faced a tough time. Write an article on the issues of the common man during the monsoon season and the responsibility of the concerned officials in 150-200 words. You are Pawan/Pawni.
  • India is a land of diverse cultures. Each region of the country has its own festivals, which individuals celebrate with great enthusiasm. Write an article on the ‘Festivals of India’ in 150-200 words. You are Ved/Vedika.
  • ‘Plant more trees for a reduction in pollution.’ Write an article on this topic in 150-200 words for the magazine published in school. You are Jay/Jiya.
  • It is vital for students to pay attention to outdoor games and athletics. Also, every school must include sports activities in their daily schedule. Write an article on the ‘Importance of Sports’ in 150-200 words. You are Srijan/Sriya.

Students are marked for the article writing question based on various parameters established by CBSE. The table below gives an overview of the marking structure for CBSE article writing format class 12.

Format 1 Mark
Content 2 Marks
Organisation of Ideas 1 Mark
Accuracy (Grammar and Spellings) 1 Mark
Total 5 Marks

A good article conveys all the necessary facts to the readers, sparks their interest, challenges their preconceived ideas, and inspires them to act. Now that students got clarity on the article writing format for class 12, let us look at a few tips and tricks for writing an article.

  • Students must make sure that they do not deviate from the question and write content that adds value to the given topic.
  • Shorter sentences are preferable in articles. It increases the readability of the content and reduces the chances of grammatical errors.
  • The format has a separate weightage, so students must follow it carefully. They must refer to the article writing class 12 format example given on this page.
  • Candidates must read newspapers regularly to improve their thought processes and vocabulary.
  • Students must ensure that there is no redundancy of ideas in the article.
  • The information presented in the article must be to the point and understandable to the readers. Adding unnecessary details or long phrases must be avoided in article writing.
  • The sentences must be connected logically, and there should be continuity between all the paragraphs.
  • Quoting phrases, idioms, or sayings is a good idea to engage readers. However, these quotes must be relevant to the topic.
  • Candidates must always double-check for spelling, as maintaining accuracy is essential.

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Article Writing Topics for Class 12

Article Writing Topics for Class 12 CBSE Format, Examples

Articles are written to give information in a wide range of contexts for magazines or newspapers. They are a relatively long and sustained piece of writing. They give information on a variety of themes such as describing an event, person, someone’s life and actions, places, and experiences. They can also be an expression of the writer’s opinions on topics of social interest or arguments for or against a topic and they often offer suggestions.

Basic  English Grammar  rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 12 English Chapter wise.

Article Writing Topics for Class 12 CBSE Format, Examples Pdf

♦ Points to Remember:

  • Give a title that catches the attention of the reader.
  • Begin with a striking opening sentence that attracts the readers and gets them interested in the topic.
  • Introduce a new point at the beginning of each paragraph to strengthen your ideas.
  • Present a strong argument for your ideas supporting it with evidence or elaboration.
  • Use linking words (however, therefore, although, even though, in order to…) to form a coherent composition.
  • Use passive voice, humour, emotive language, rhetorical questions to provide a specific effect. The humour should however be subtle and not overpower the article.
  • Develop your ideas as much as you can to make them interesting and substantial.
  • Conclude with your strongest point.
  • Clarity of writing can be ensured only by knowing the purpose of writing and your audience.
  • Do not add too many quotations. It takes away the essence of the article.
  • Remember to proofread and edit your writing.
  • Adhere to the given word limit.

Magazine and Newspaper Articles

Purpose An article is written to present information on a variety of themes in a long and sustained piece of writing, namely:

  • describing an event, a person, his/her life and actions
  • describing a place
  • narrating an event
  • expressing views on some issue of social interest
  • expressing arguments in favor of or against a stated hypothesis or event

Types of articles

  • Magazine articles maybe for a school and may have a limited audience.
  • Newspaper articles have a wider audience.

Article Writing Format

  • Don’t attempt to write about every single piece of information – select relevant information.
  • The article must be written in the appropriate format and style.
  • Remember to keep within the word limit.

Article Writing Topics Sample Example With Answer for Class 12 CBSE

Article Writing Format Cbse Class 12

In today’s world of instant communication, the art of writing letters to friends, parents, cousins is long forgotten. Complete the following article on the joyful experience of penning letters packed with emotions and personal triumph.

The Art of Writing Letters
Radha Jain, Class XII, New Horizons School

(a) …………………………… . Much of History and Science is constructed from letters left by great men in the past. Unfortunately, today, (b) …………………………… . No longer does one lie in wait for the postman because (c) …………………………… . Time has become such a precious commodity, and ordinary mail so slow that it is termed ‘snail-mail’! In this fast-paced age, (d) ……………………………. . In the 21st century, where brevity and speed are of the utmost importance, letter writing, with its rich descriptions and narratives, has been discarded (e) …………………………… . The telephone is another means of communication that has sounded the death knell for the art of letter-writing. (f) …………………………… . With the dying out of the art of letter writing, (g) …………………………… . While email is a good way to keep in touch, it cannot replace the thrill of receiving a letter, which you read, set aside, and read again.

Answer: (a) There was a time when letter writing was considered an art. (b) letter writing is a dying art for most people. (c) what he will bring most of the time is junk mail, bills, and magazines (d) even if one has the time to write a long letter, the receiver has no time or patience to read it (e) in favor of the faster, briefer e-mail (f) It is good to hear the voices of your loved ones. But sometimes at that time, one forgets all the things one would like to say and also ask. (g) the art of expressing one’s feelings and emotions is also dying out.

Article Writing Topics Practice Example With Answer for Class 12 CBSE

1 You recently came across the following news item.

Imagine a Sea with No Fishes

A ban on fishing for bluefin tuna in the Mediterranean and Eastern Atlantic has been announced by the EU for large industrial vessels after widespread evidence of illegal fishing. It had been recently reported that overfishing and massive illegal catches have threatened the very survival of bluefin tuna. The problem stems from too many boats, with too much technology, chasing fewer and fewer fish with no effective mechanism in place to restrict catches or allow fish populations to recover. Conservation organizations are calling for an overhaul of the rules which currently allow the catching of three times more tuna than scientists say should be caught if the species is to survive.

Write an article in 150–200 words for your school magazine, highlighting the need to conserve the species.

2 You are Suresh/Ishmit. You are concerned about the increasing use of cell phones by people. Educate the people about the risks such as potential health hazards from the electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones, the threat of brain tumours and cancers, fear of accidents while driving, etc. Write an article in 150–200 words expressing your concern.

3 To enforce strict discipline in schools and colleges is a great problem nowadays. As Mohan/Mohini, write an article in 200 words for City News, Delhi, about the problem and your views on punishment as a corrective measure.

4 Recently you read in the newspaper about an incident in which some children tried to imitate the stunts shown on television and hurt themselves. You have decided to write an article on the hazards television poses for kids. Write an article for a daily newspaper, in not more than 200 words.

5. You are a member of the Environment Club of your school. After visiting many places, you have realized that it is the need of the hour to protect our environment. Write an article on this topic to create awareness among the people. (Word limit: 200 words)

6 You are concerned about the wastage of money and manpower due to the frequent elections in your country. Write an article on the urgent need to have a stable government. (Word limit: 200 words)

7 You are Rani/Raghav. You are concerned about the changing attitude of politicians who are using religion for political gains. Write an article in about 200 words for publication in a local daily suggesting these people to separate religion from politics and work for the betterment of the society.

8 You are Rani/Raghav. Many organizations have come forward with the idea of education for all. In spite of their best efforts, it is still a dream. Write an article in about 200 words for publication in a local daily giving suggestions to make it a reality, as education is the only way to progress.

9 Owning a car has become a status symbol these days. However, an increase in the number of cars has added to various types of pollution and other problems. Write an article in not more than 200 words highlighting the urgent need for reducing these man-made problems, giving suitable suggestions. You are Vinod/Vidhi.

10 Write an article in 200 words on ‘The increasing crime rate in today’s society and ways to curb it’.

Article Writing Topics For Class 12

14 While reading a magazine you came across the following advertisement:

What is it that they’re wearing?…

Write an article in not more than 200 words condemning the use of furs and animal skins to make clothes and accessories.

15 Plastic, with its exclusive qualities of being light yet strong and economical, has invaded every aspect of our day-to-day life. It has many advantages: it is durable, light, easy to mould, and can be. adapted to different user requirements. Once hailed as a ‘wonder material, plastic is now a serious worldwide environmental and health concern due to its non-biodegradable nature. Write an article in not more than 200 words about the growing plastic menace giving suggestions about dealing with plastic waste.

Study Material

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Article Writing | Complete Format & Samples in PDF

There are times when we all want to put our thoughts regarding a certain topic into words and want them to reach a wide audience. The writing piece can be argumentative, general, or persuasive. That’s where the concept of article writing comes in.

Article writing is included in the curriculum to help students benefit both academically and in terms of overall development. It helps

  • students in improving their vocabulary, communication, and language skills;
  • evaluate the understanding of a student on different topics;
  • help students enhance their critical thinking, problem-solving, and research skills; and
  • students become informed individuals.

These are a few of the many reasons why article writing is included in the curriculum. Before that, students must understand what an article is, the types of articles, article writing, and its format, how one can write a good article, and some examples that will give them a clear vision regarding the same.

What is Article Writing?

An article is a long writing composition that helps in conveying or persuading some thoughts, ideas, analysis, and discussion over a specific topic to a wide audience. An article is a written communication form that can be published in magazines, newspapers, or journals. 

Article writing refers to the process of curating engaging, informative written content and getting it published in a newspaper, journal, or magazine. It is an important skill that will help students or anyone, for that matter, convey their ideas and thoughts to the targeted audience.

An article does not require an individual’s perspective or stance of their own on the given topic; rather, it needs to be a detailed description of a topic to raise awareness or concern among the general public. An article aims to make people aware of the topic and not provide the speaker’s perception or thoughts on it.

Students can download this PDF for several article writing samples and practice questions.

<cta2> Download <cta2>

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Article Writing Format 

Here is how the writing article format followed.

article writing on education class 12

Article Writing Formatting Steps

Targeted audience.

Identify the audience the article is meant for before initiating article writing.

The reason for reading the article should be clear to both the writer and the audience.

Write a title that conveys what the content talks about, and it should be catchy enough to grab the audience's attention.

It is the main body of an article. The content you are writing about must convey clear and concise content, and every paragraph should be connected, not disrupting the flow of the subject being discussed. The article must have all relevant points with the needed evidence. It should be within 120–150 words. (for exams)

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Types of Articles

An article can be categorised into different types depending on the targeted audience and content type. Here are some of the common article types:

  • Expository Article

Articles that deliver clear and comprehensive details regarding a particular subject and are not from the writer’s personal POV come under expository articles. The articles are straightforward and informative.

  • Feature Article 

long and in-depth articles that explore any issue in detail, interview, or expert analysis. These can be found in magazines. 

  • Persuasive Article

These kinds of articles usually include the arguments and thoughts of the writer on a specific topic or issue. The tone written here is persuasive enough to convince the audience to accept the author’s perspective.

  • Descriptive Article

These kinds of articles help readers visualise based on what’s written in the article’s content. The adjectives and phrases in this type must be used carefully to help readers visualise the description. 

  • How-To-Article: 

These are basically tutorial articles that help the reader get information in a structured manner on how to achieve the mentioned goal in the end. It can be a step-by-step guide on how to repair a computer system or how to prepare a dish with images in the given steps.

There can be review, travel, and narrative articles too. It all depends on the targeted audience.

Article Writing Examples

Examples of articles are as follows:

Write an article for a city newspaper expressing your alarm and cautioning people against environmental pollution. Use the cues given below: 8 trees felled, multistorey buildings constructed, more vehicles, more factories increasing pollution.

Dear citizens of our beloved city,

I am writing to express my deep alarm about the state of our environment. In recent years, we have witnessed a rapid increase in the level of pollution in our city, and it is time for us to take action to address this pressing issue.

It is disheartening to see that eight beautiful trees have been felled to make way for more multistory buildings, resulting in the loss of valuable green spaces that play a vital role in regulating our air quality. The construction of these buildings has also contributed to increased pollution levels, as has the rise in the number of vehicles on our roads and the growth of new factories in the city.

This trend is unacceptable, and we must all do our part to reduce the level of pollution in our city. This can involve taking steps like using public transportation or carpooling, reducing energy consumption in our homes and workplaces, and supporting efforts to create more green spaces and protect our natural environment.

We must remember that we all have a role to play in protecting our environment and safeguarding the health and well-being of our citizens. Let us work together to make our city a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable place to live.

[Your Name]

There has been increased reporting of cases of domestic violence during the period of nationwide lockdown. This shows a grave scenario that being forced to stay indoors is proving to be harmful to the mental health of many people. As Gagan/Astha, write an article on the topic “The impact of lockdown on mental health” in 120-150 words. Use the given cues.

  • Change in behavior of people
  • People turned into beasts
  • Doctors should give advice
  • People need hope and positivity

THE IMPACT OF LOCKDOWN ON MENTAL HEALTH

By Gagan / Astha

The growth in the number of cases of domestic violence during the period of nationwide lockdown is shocking. Being forced to stay at home with families is proving to be bothersome for some people. Their behaviour is becoming erratic and restless, resulting in family quarrels. The situation has resulted in physical assault in many cases. People feel like they are being chained within an enclosed space. The frustration and burden of negative thoughts have turned them into ruthless beasts.

For those people who are finding it hard to deal with current situations, there needs to be some kind of help given. It can be in the form of providing online counselling sessions or airing informative commercials on maintaining good mental health over mass media. Doctors should give advice and prescriptions to such people through television or radio.

People who are not able to sustain this lockdown due to the negativity around them need nothing but a ray of hope and positivity. A healthy, motivating discussion with such people would result in a better vision of life for them.

In 150-200 words, write an article emphasizing the importance of adventure sports in young people.

It is impossible to overstate the value of adventure sports in young people's lives in the fast-paced, technologically driven world of today. The unique and exhilarating experience that adventure sports provide goes beyond simple recreation. They offer a wealth of advantages for young people's overall physical, mental, and emotional development.

Adventure sports encourage coordination, endurance, and physical fitness. Rock climbing, hiking, white-water rafting, or paragliding are all physically demanding activities that improve strength, agility, and endurance. Adventure sports also frequently call for teamwork, communication, and problem-solving abilities, which promote personal development and boost self-confidence.

The importance of adventure sports in young people's lives must be emphasised by parents, educators, and society at large. We can assist young people in developing crucial life skills, improve their well-being, and produce a generation of resilient and adventurous people by encouraging their participation, providing necessary resources and infrastructure, and promoting safety guidelines.

In conclusion, adventure sports provide young people with a wide range of advantages, including social connections, personal development, environmental awareness, and physical fitness. By highlighting the value of adventure sports, we can give kids the chance to realise their full potential, acquire crucial life skills, and lead rich and satisfying lives.

Remember that participating in adventure sports is about more than just seeking thrills; it's also about encouraging personal development, fortifying character, and fostering a passion for exploration and the great outdoors. 

How can students keep fit and healthy?

Students can do regular physical activity to improve their fitness and overall health. Consistency is important for better results. Including exercise in daily life with other activities will help to maintain consistency.

There are multiple options available for exercise, such as a gym, park, cycling, skipping, joining a sports team, or working at home. Choose any option that suits you best. Having fun with exercise will keep you motivated for daily exercise. 

Take a small step at a time, and it will show better results than one day of exercise. Doing a simple walk, eating healthy food, sleeping, and waking up on time will also help a lot. Just move your body and try to follow an exercise that uses your full body. So it will take less time and give better results. Exercise every day for 20 to 30 minutes and see the results. 

The recent killing of Avni, the tigress, who had two 10-month-old cubs has disturbed you. You realize that human encroachment and the greed of land-grabbing companies are the cause of this. Write an article in 150 – 200 words to be published in ‘The National Times’ about your concern and the need to take urgent action to stop the decline in the number of tigers in India. You are Amit/Ambika Shukla.

S-32, Meerapur Basahi Road,

Uttar Pradesh -221002

Date: 24th July 2019

The Editor,

The National Times,

Varanasi Cantt,

Uttar Pradesh – 221002

Subject: Request for urgent action to stop the decline in the number of tigers in India

Respected Sir,

This is to draw your attention to the recent killing of the tigress Avani, who was carrying a 10-month-old cub. The killing of tigers like Avani, which has resulted in a steady decrease in the number of tigers in the entire country, calls for immediate attention and prompt action.

A particular breed of tiger is regarded as the nation's emblem. Sadly, despite this title, their numbers are steadily decreasing as a result of land-grabbing businesses' illegal encroachment on forest land. There won't be many tigers or other animals of this type left in our country unless and until these barbaric practices of deforestation and animal slaughter are stopped.

Strict measures must be taken in this regard, and action must be taken as soon as possible. When it comes to deforestation and the killing of animals, there should be stricter regulations. The guilty must face severe penalties. We can only halt the country's tiger population decline with such stringent measures.

Thanking you,

Yours sincerely,

How to Draft a Good and Engaging Article?

Writing an article is a tough task, as readers might disengage themselves in the middle if the writing style is not catchy or interesting. So, it is essential to attract and retain the reader's attention.

  • Before writing any article, the topic or subject must be clear to the writer itself. The writer should have enough knowledge regarding the topics.
  • Now, form an outline with the title, heading, and subheading, followed by a conclusion of an article with logical points.
  • The tone of the article can be formal, informational, persuasive, or informal, depending on the addressed audience.
  • The article shouldn't be incomplete, and points must be logically put together. 
  • Give closure to the readers with a well-drafted and precise conclusion.

Mistakes to Avoid in Article Writing 

Whenever you start writing a topic for an article or the content related to the article topic, there are a few points you need to keep in mind that can take away the reader’s attention. So, it is essential to know what mistakes to avoid in article writing.

  • Before writing any article, make sure you thoroughly research the topic. A single wrong word or misinformation is not acceptable in article writing.
  • Follow a basic article format, especially in exams.
  • Don’t repeat the same line again and again. Keep the content unique and to the point.
  • The article must be drafted while keeping the audience in mind.

Articles vs Blog

Difference between an Article and a Blog?

There is a high probability that the reader, even the author, confuses between a blog and an article. 

A blog is usually an informal piece of writing with less credibility, and a publishing platform helps authors share their personal experiences, their journey, or some information, whereas an article is typically written in a formal tone with facts and figures and holds higher credibility than the blog. The article can be an analysis, review, or interview.

Practice Questions

List of all the topics for Article Writing writing practice.

Article Writing in English Topics for Practice
Article Writing on Violence Among Students
Article Writing on the Importance of Adult Education
Article Writing on ‘Begging – How to solve the problem’
Article Writing on the Negative Impact of the Internet on Children
Article Writing on How to Save the Earth?
Article Writing on the Importance of Exercise and Nutritious Food
Article Writing on Good Manners
Article Writing on the Importance of Health in our Lives.
Article Writing on ill-effects of Tobacco and Tobacco Products
Article Writing on the use of Public Conveyance, Control Pollution
Article Writing on The Evil of Smoking
Article Writing on The Problem of Traffic Jams in Metropolitan Cities
Article Writing on The Role of Students in Achieving 100% Literacy
Article Writing on the Importance of Healthy Food
Article Writing on Children’s Love for Comics and the Role that Comics Play in Every Child’s Life
Article Writing on Need Public Letter Public Transport
Article Writing on Excessive Use of Advertisements in Media
Article Writing on Simple Marriages
Article Writing on the Need for Balance between Development and Safety of the Environment
Article Writing on the Tourism Potential of India
Article Writing on The Impact of Advertisements on the Younger Generation
Article Writing on the Importance of Morning Assembly
Article Writing on the Role of the Father in the Family
Article Writing on How to Eradicate Begging from Our Country
Article Writing on the Rising Prices of Essential Commodities that Make Life Difficult for the Common Man

What is the purpose of article writing?

The article written in English is mainly done to make the audience aware and persuade them to make a difference. Many articles are written to entertain the audience. 

How can you define the correct article writing format?

A correct article writing format includes a catchy topic with an introduction that makes people aware of what this article is about; the middle body includes the evidence and supporting points to the topic; and it ends the article by writing a strong conclusion that persuades the reader to take some action.

From where can we download the practice questions for article writing for class 12?

You can download the practice questions for Article Writing for Class 12 from this link.

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Home » 12th Class » Class 12 English Notes for Article Writing Format (PDF) – Study Material

Class 12 English Notes for Article Writing Format (PDF) – Study Material

Class 12 English Article Writing Format – Get here the Notes, Question & Practice Paper of Class 12 English for topic Article Writing Format Notes. Article Writing Format Notes for Class 12 English are here. You can download the Article Writing Format Notes PDF to study all the topics in this chapter. Moreover the class 12 English notes include chapter summary, definitions, examples, and key pointers for Article Writing Format . Thus if you are studying class English (अंग्रेज़ी), then the  Article Writing Format notes  will help you easily understand the topic and ace it.

Class 12 English Notes for Article Writing Format

Article Writing Format is a critical part in the study of English . In India, it is taught in class. Therefore the class 12 Notes for English topic Article Writing Format have been compiled by teachers and field experts. They explain the complete chapter of Article Writing Format in one-shot . Whether you are studying the topic Article Writing Format to complete your class syllabus, or for any competitive exam like JEE , NEET , UPSC, you can simply refer these notes to complete the chapter in one-shot!

Article Writing Format Notes Download Link – Click Here to Download PDF

Article Writing Format Notes for Class 12 English PDF

The PDF of Article Writing Format class 12 notes is as follows. You can view the document here and also download it to use it anytime for future reference whenever you want to brush up your concepts of English.

article writing on education class 12

Candidates who are ambitious to qualify the Class 12 with good score can check this article for Notes, Study Material, Practice Paper. Above we provided the link to access the Notes , Important Question and Practice Paper of Class 12 English for topic Article Writing Format.

All Topics Class 12 English Notes

Chapter wise notes for English (अंग्रेज़ी) are given below.

  • Writing Section
  • Article Writing Format
  • Note Making Format
  • Poster Making Format
  • Report Writing Format
  • Speech Writing Format
  • Flamingo Books
  • A Thing of Beauty
  • An Elementary School Classroom In a Slum
  • Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers
  • Going Places
  • Keeping Quiet
  • Lost Spring
  • My Mother at Sixty-Six
  • The Last Lesson
  • The Rattrap
  • Vistas Books
  • Evans Tries an O-level
  • Memories of Childhood
  • On the face of It
  • Should Wizard hit Mommy
  • The Tiger King

Class 12 Notes for All Subjects

  • Class 12 Biology Notes
  • Class 12 Business Studies Notes
  • Class 12 Chemistry Notes
  • Class 12 Economics Notes
  • Class 12 English Notes
  • Class 12 Geography Notes
  • Class 12 Maths Notes
  • Class 12 Physics Notes
  • Class 12 Sociology Notes

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Article Writing Format

The Article Writing Format notes here help you solve the questions and answers . Also, you can complete the class 12 Article Writing Format worksheet using the same. In addition you will also tackle CBSE Class 12 English Important Questions with these class 12 notes .

However if you still need help, then you can use the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Article Writing Format to get all the answers. Article Writing Format solutions contain questions, answers, and steps to solve all questions.

Notes for All Classes

  • Class 7 Notes
  • Class 8 Notes
  • Class 9 Notes
  • Class 10 Notes
  • Class 11 Notes
  • Class 12 Notes

Article Writing Format Notes for Class 12 English – An Overview

Class 12 Article Writing Format Notes for All Boards

You can use the class 12 English notes of Article Writing Format for all boards.

The education boards in India for which Article Writing Format notes are relevant are – CBSE, CISCE, AHSEC, CHSE Odisha, CGBSE, HBSE, HPBOSE, PUE Karnataka, MSBSHSE, PSEB, RBSE, TBSE, UPMSP, UBSE, BIEAP, BSEB, GBSHSE, GSEB, JAC, JKBOSE, KBPE, MBOSE, MBSE, MPBSE, NBSE, DGE TN, TSBIE, COHSEM, WBCHSE .

Therefore you can refer to these notes as CBSE, CISCE, AHSEC, CHSE Odisha, CGBSE, HBSE, HPBOSE, PUE Karnataka, MSBSHSE, PSEB, RBSE, TBSE, UPMSP, UBSE, BIEAP, BSEB, GBSHSE, GSEB, JAC, JKBOSE, KBPE, MBOSE, MBSE, MPBSE, NBSE, DGE TN, TSBIE, COHSEM, WBCHSE notes for class Class 12 / Class / English for the topic Article Writing Format.

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Class 12 English Notes for Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers (PDF) – Study Material

Class 12 english notes for the tiger king (pdf) – study material, related posts.

NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 (PDF) 2024 – Question Answer

article writing on education class 12

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Economics | For 2024-25 Session

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article writing on education class 12

Article Writing Format Notes for Class 12 English (PDF)

Article Writing Format Notes for Class 12 English are here. You can download the Article Writing Format Notes PDF to study all the topics in this chapter. Moreover the class 12 English notes include chapter summary, definitions, examples, and key pointers for Article Writing Format . Thus if you are studying 12th class English, then the  Article Writing Format notes  will help you easily understand the topic and ace it.

Article Writing Format Notes for Class 12 English

Article Writing Format is a critical part in the study of English . In India, it is taught in 12th class. Therefore the class 12 Notes for English topic Article Writing Format have been compiled by teachers and field experts. They explain the complete chapter of Article Writing Format in one-shot . Whether you are studying the topic Article Writing Format to complete your 12th class syllabus, or for any competitive exam like JEE, NEET, UPSC, you can simply refer these notes to complete the chapter in one-shot!

Article Writing Format Notes Download Link – Click Here to Download PDF

Article Writing Format Notes for Class 12 English PDF

The PDF of Article Writing Format class 12 notes is as follows. You can view the document here and also download it to use it anytime for future reference whenever you want to brush up your concepts of English.

article writing on education class 12

Class 12 Notes for English – All Chapters

If you are studying Article Writing Format, then chances are that you will study the other chapters in class 12 English. Therefore we have listed all the notes here in one place, as follows.

  • A Thing of Beauty Notes
  • An Elementary School Classroom In a Slum Notes
  • Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers Notes
  • Deep water Notes
  • Going Places Notes
  • Indigo Notes
  • Keeping Quiet Notes
  • Lost Spring Notes
  • My Mother at Sixty-Six Notes
  • The Last Lesson Notes
  • The Rattrap Notes
  • Article Writing Format Notes
  • Note Making Format Notes
  • Poster Making Format Notes
  • Report Writing Format Notes
  • Speech Writing Format Notes
  • Evans Tries an O-Level Notes
  • Memories of Childhood Notes
  • On the Face of it Notes
  • Should Wizard Hit Mommy Notes
  • The Enemy Notes
  • The Tiger King Notes

Class 12 Notes for All Subjects

  • Class 12  Biology  Notes
  • Class 12  Business Studies  Notes
  • Class 12  Chemistry  Notes
  • Class 12  Economics  Notes
  • Class 12  English  Notes
  • Class 12  Geography  Notes
  • Class 12  Maths  Notes
  • Class 12  Physics  Notes
  • Class 12  Sociology  Notes

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Article Writing Format

The Article Writing Format notes here help you solve the questions and answers . Also, you can complete the class 12 Article Writing Format worksheet using the same. In addition you will also tackle CBSE Class 12 English Important Questions with these class 12 notes .

However if you still need help, then you can use the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Article Writing Format to get all the answers. Article Writing Format solutions contain questions, answers, and steps to solve all questions.

Notes for All Classes

Article Writing Format Notes for Class 12 English

Article Writing Format Notes for Class 12 English – An Overview

Class 12 Article Writing Format Notes for All Boards

You can use the class 12 English notes of Article Writing Format for all boards.

The education boards in India for which Article Writing Format notes are relevant are – CBSE, CISCE, AHSEC, CHSE Odisha, CGBSE, HBSE, HPBOSE, PUE Karnataka, MSBSHSE, PSEB, RBSE, TBSE, UPMSP, UBSE, BIEAP, BSEB, GBSHSE, GSEB, JAC, JKBOSE, KBPE, MBOSE, MBSE, MPBSE, NBSE, DGE TN, TSBIE, COHSEM, WBCHSE .

Therefore you can refer to these notes as CBSE, CISCE, AHSEC, CHSE Odisha, CGBSE, HBSE, HPBOSE, PUE Karnataka, MSBSHSE, PSEB, RBSE, TBSE, UPMSP, UBSE, BIEAP, BSEB, GBSHSE, GSEB, JAC, JKBOSE, KBPE, MBOSE, MBSE, MPBSE, NBSE, DGE TN, TSBIE, COHSEM, WBCHSE notes for class Class 12 / Class 12th / XII / HS 2nd Year / HSC / 2nd PUC / Inter / HS / HSSLC English for the topic Article Writing Format.

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Essay On Right To Education

500 words essay on right to education.

Education enables individuals to put their potentials to optimal use. Moreover, it makes them a thinker and correct decision-maker. This is possible because of getting access to knowledge from the external world. Thus, education opens new windows to the outside world. Through an essay on right to education , we will discuss its importance and benefits.

essay on right to education

Importance of Right to Education

Education is an essential condition to free individual development. It is what can make a person fit for the tasks of citizenship. Moreover, when you are not educated, you will hardly understand politics or stay vigilant about national interests.

Thus, participation in state affairs is going to be negligible only. In other words, a citizen like that will be no less than a slave to others. This will prevent them from rising in the stature of their personality. Usually, others will make decisions for that person.

Consequently, it will be a failure of democracy. The right to education is a civil right that safeguards individuals from all this. While it does not guarantee an identical intellectual training of everyone nonetheless, it does provide provisions for that type of education.

Without the right to education, people won’t be able to get live their life as they wish to, especially those who cannot afford it. It ensures that everyone gets an equal right to education so that we all can develop as a society without leaving anyone section out.

Thus, the right to education can be life-changing for people who wish to change their lives and break the old-age cycle. It helps individuals to get equal access to education like any other citizen without any discrimination.

Benefits of Right to Education

There are many benefits which the right to education provides us with. Firstly, it has brought many changes in society in terms of ease of education. Further, it ensures a consistent fee structure for all.

In other words, schools cannot make any sudden hikes in fees so people don’t suffer from it. After that, it also ensures that everybody gets an education easily by making it available to everyone.

A lot of underprivileged students cannot find ample resources despite having talent. Thus, it ensures that they can rightfully pursue their education. Consequently, it increases the literacy rate of a nation.

This is without a doubt a great advantage for any country. Moreover, it removes any kind of discrimination especially for people belonging to different economic backgrounds. Similarly, it applies to disabled people as well.

Most importantly, it ensures that schools offer seats to those who cannot afford to pay their fees. Thus, it helps the underprivileged people to partake in it thereby making education reach all sectors of society.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Conclusion of Essay on Right to Education

All in all, every citizen must get a chance to get access to education which will enable them to judge, weigh and make decisions for themselves. It is a life-changer for many people all over the world especially those belonging to the underprivileged sector to outshine.

FAQ of Essay on Right to Education

Question 1: Why is education important for child development?

Answer 1: Education offers children to learn with diversity. Thus, children will develop healthy social interaction by blending in with other kids belonging to different cultures and backgrounds. Moreover, it can boost their self-esteem and self-confidence.

Question 2: Why is the right to education important?

Answer 2: The right to education is essential as it is a human right and indispensable for the exercise of other human rights. Quality education strives to guarantee the development of a fully-rounded human being. Similarly, it is one of the most powerful tools which can lift socially excluded children and adults out of poverty.

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Class 12 english article writing format.

article writing on education class 12

The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) is an autonomous organisation set up in 1961 by the Government of India to assist and advise the Central and State Governments on policies and programmes for qualitative improvement in school education.

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Article Writing Format with Tips, Examples and More

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  • Creative Writing
  • March 22, 2024

article writing format

When we talk about the article writing format , many of us might recall the days of learning how to write an article for a magazine . Whether it was in article writing format class 12 or a project designed to boost our creative expression, the foundation was the same. The goal? To craft something both engaging and informative. But let’s be honest, it wasn’t always straightforward. For many, finding examples or guidance, especially article writing examples for students , was a game-changer. This introduction to article writing is all about demystifying that process. We’ll dive into the nuts and bolts of the article writing format, share tips and tricks on how to write an article for a magazine, look at article writing examples for students, and ensure you have a solid understanding of article writing format class 12 requirements. So, whether you’re a student looking to ace your next assignment or an aspiring writer aiming to captivate your audience, this guide will pave the way for your success in article writing.

Understanding the Basics of Article Writing Format

Before you put pen to paper, knowing the basic article writing format is crucial. At its core, an article consists of an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction sets the stage, drawing the reader in and giving them a taste of what’s to come. The body is where you dive deep, presenting your ideas, arguments, and supporting evidence in a structured way. Lastly, the conclusion ties everything together, leaving your reader with something to ponder.

But there’s more to it than just structure. To make your article stand out , focus on clarity and simplicity. Use short sentences and paragraphs to keep your reader engaged. Bullet points and subheadings can help break down information and make it more digestible. Remember, the key is to convey your message as clearly and concisely as possible.

Crafting an Engaging Introduction

The introduction is your first impression, so make it count. Start with a hook – a question, a surprising fact, or a bold statement – something that will grab your reader’s attention. Then, briefly outline what your article will cover. But keep it intriguing; you want your reader to be curious about what’s coming next.

A good introduction sets the tone for the rest of your article. It should be relevant to your topic and resonate with your target audience. Whether you’re writing for a magazine or a class assignment, tailoring your introduction to your readers is key to keeping them engaged from start to finish.

Tips for Writing a Compelling Body

The body of your article is where you get to the heart of the matter. Each paragraph should focus on a single idea, supported by facts, examples, or anecdotes. Transition words like “furthermore,” “however,” and “for instance,” can help create a smooth flow between your points.

To enhance readability, vary your sentence structure and use active voice. Active voice makes your writing more direct and energetic, which keeps your readers interested. Also, don’t shy away from using personal experiences or stories to illustrate your points. This can add a relatable and engaging element to your article.

Concluding Your Article with Impact

A powerful conclusion is as important as a strong introduction. It’s your chance to reinforce your main points and leave a lasting impression. Summarize the key takeaways of your article, and if appropriate, include a call to action or pose a thought-provoking question. This encourages your readers to reflect on what they’ve just read and engage further with your content.

Remember, the goal of your conclusion is to wrap up your article in a way that feels satisfying and complete. Avoid introducing new ideas here; instead, focus on closing the loop on what you’ve already discussed.

Article Writing Format with Example

Article Writing Format with Tips

Understanding the “article writing format” is essential for anyone looking to craft compelling and structured content, whether for school projects, magazines, or online platforms. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the format, along with an example to guide you through the process.

The Article Writing Format Explained

Title/Headline: This should be catchy and directly related to the content of your article. It’s the first thing readers see, so make it engaging.

Byline: This is the writer’s name, placed under the title.

Introduction: The introduction should hook the reader, providing a brief overview of the article’s main points or arguments. It sets the stage for the rest of the article.

Body: The body is the core of your article, where you develop your ideas or arguments. It’s usually divided into several paragraphs, each focusing on a specific point or aspect of the main topic. Use subheadings to break up sections and make the article easier to read.

Conclusion: The conclusion wraps up the article, summarizing the main points discussed and possibly suggesting further reading or posing a question to provoke thought or discussion.

Visuals (Optional): Depending on the medium, you might include images, charts, or graphs to support your text and make the article more engaging.

References/Citations (If necessary): If your article uses data or quotes from other sources, make sure to properly cite them to give credit where it’s due.

Also Read: Creative Writing Checklist: How to Become a Pro

Example Article: “The Benefits of Starting Your Day Early”

Title: The Benefits of Starting Your Day Early

Byline: Jamie Doe

Introduction: Have you ever wondered why some people seem to have more hours in the day? The secret might be simpler than you think: they start their day early. This article explores the numerous benefits of waking up with the sun, from improved productivity to better mental health.

Increased Productivity: One of the key advantages of starting your day early is the boost in productivity it provides. With fewer distractions in the early hours, you’re more likely to get things done. Studies have shown that early risers are often more proactive and can manage their time more efficiently.

Enhanced Mental Health: Early mornings offer a peaceful time for reflection and meditation, leading to better mental health. The quiet hours can serve as a stress-free time to plan the day, set goals, or simply enjoy a moment of solitude before the hustle and bustle begin.

Better Physical Health: People who wake up early tend to have more time for exercise, leading to better physical health. A morning workout can jumpstart your metabolism, improve your energy levels throughout the day, and help you sleep better at night.

Conclusion: The benefits of starting your day early are clear, from enhanced productivity to improved health. While it may require some adjustment to your current routine, the rewards are well worth the effort. Tomorrow, consider setting your alarm a bit earlier and discover the positive changes it can bring to your life.

Visuals: A chart showing productivity levels of early risers vs. night owls; a peaceful sunrise image.

This example follows the article writing format closely, with a clear structure and flow from introduction to conclusion. It presents the main idea, expands on it with specific points, and wraps up by summarizing the benefits. Remember, the key to a successful article is not just adhering to the format but also engaging your reader with interesting content and a compelling narrative.

Final Thoughts

Writing an article can be a rewarding experience, especially when you have the right tools and knowledge at your disposal. By following the article writing format and incorporating these tips into your writing process, you’ll be well on your way to creating articles that are not only informative but also engaging and enjoyable to read. Whether for a class assignment or a magazine feature, your articles will have the impact and clarity needed to capture your audience’s attention. Happy writing!

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English With A Difference

For 2025 Board Exam CBSE Competency Based Questions : Class 10 Class 12

Article writing | english core | class xii.

Updated: Jan 22, 2022

CBSE Marking Scheme:

Article/ Report Writing_ descriptive and analytical in nature, based on verbal inputs.

Word Limit: 120-150 words.

One out of the two ( article or report ) given questions to be answered.

Distribution of Marks

Content : 2

Expression : 2

What is an Article?

An Article is a piece of writing on a specific topic forming an independent opinion expressed by a writer. It is the most advanced form of writing which presents information in a variety of theme.

Points to Remember

1. Give an appropriate Title - Write the Heading/Title at the top with the writer's name

a) First letter of every word capital e.g. P ollution A M enace

b) Eye catching

c) Should give crisp idea of theme

2. Mention writer's name

3. In case of news paper article give date & place

4. Divide the article into three parts i.e. split your subject matter into 3-4 paragraphs

Part-1 – Introduction beginning - mention briefly the status of the issue use stating facts or quotation do around in the middle

Part-2 – Analyse the topic in terms of types / kinds

Causes and effect

Problem (if any)

Consequences

Positive / Negative effects

Related Information / Statistical date

Implications - social / environmental / psychological / health

Part 3 – Conclusion- suggestions / remedial measures / reminders / compare and contrast

5. Organise the ideas in a logical orders, with systematic presentation

6. Predictions and personal observations maybe included

7. Pay attention to grammatical accuracy and good use of vocabulary

8. Use sentence linkers to ensure continuity - e.g. Consequently similarly, 'finally' moreover' etc..

9. Word limit 150 to 200 words.

10. Create rough work – First jot all the ideas, second make sequence and third join all the ideas with linkers and cohesive words.

11. For good article writing, it is important to read/ speak, listen to radio shows, panel discussions, explore latest live data, newspaper and do consistent sharing of day to day experiences.

Sample Articles:

1. DEGENERATION OF MORAL ETHICS IN TODAY'S SOCIETY

What a piece of work is Man!

How noble in reason!

How infinite in faculties!

Inform and moving, how expressive and admirable!

In action, how like an angel!

In apprehension, how like a God

The beauty of the world!

The paragon of animals.

Shakespeare's evocation of the infinite faculties of man, represents full faith of his age in man's ability to scale the height of thought, love and beauty. It is an obvious fact that the essence of all human relationship is basically founded upon the presence or absence of values. It is unfortunate that in today's world there is a gradual erosion of the values among people. It is depressing to see the newspaper early in the morning to witness various murders and rape cases. People are just fulfilling their desires and needs. They forget their values and duties towards society and country. If they see an accident nobody wants to touch the injured person.

Modern generation Children learn to smoke believing that it is just another habit like existing. They learn to drink convincing themselves that it is good for their health. They learn to cheat, thinking that they can bring about great performance at the end. They believe that there is nothing wrong in filling a divorce and pushing children in orphanages and old parents to old age

The need of the hour is to inculcate moral values among our students. Our elderly people who live a life of simplicity and contentment with a generous, kind and compassionate mind can inculcate good values by regularly taking them to place of meditation where these children can learn to remain focused and goal oriented. Spending quality time with growing children,

constant adult supervision can do wonders in changing the mindset of children.

So it is in the hands of individual to focus upon a real change in order to live better, to lead a happy, peaceful and contended life just like our ancestors did and we can make the world a better place to live, in so that posterity can echo Shakespeare's words.

How any godly creatures are there?

How beauteous mankind is!

O brave new world

That hath such people in it.

Make in India’ an initiative by government of India. It intends to create employment for the youth of India and help brings best practices to Indian business. Write an article in about 150-200 words for a business magazine on its impact to create employment for the youth of India. You are Neha.

MAKE IN INDIA

Introduction:

Make in India is the name of the initiative by government of India to give more incentive to business (both in India and abroad) to manufacture goods (eg: automobiles) in Indian shores. To lure businesses to set shop in India, government of India plans to cut excessive formality and routine which involves setting a business in India.

Goals of Make in India :

Make in India intends to create employment for the youth of India and help bring best practices to Indian business. The initiative also aims at high quality standards and minimising the impact on the environment. The initiative hopes to attract capital and technological investment in India.

Already we observe that India’s rank in ease-in-doing business has improved. Further, manufacturing sector has seen an upswing with key sectors such as defence seeing huge participation from foreign investors.

Suggestions:

'Make in India’s success lies in making the small and medium enterprises foster. Thus, 'Make in India' should not only focus on big business but also to the neglected small and medium enterprises (SMEs) so that rural India can reap the benefit as much as the developed parts of India. Further, domestic business must be protected from big multi national chains, so that

an equitable growth is ensured at all fronts.

Example: Now a days Teenagers are loosing track of the real world and are getting immersed in the virtual world of internet. Write an article in 150- 200 words on Effect of Internet on Teenagers. Your are Namita/Navin of Sarvodaya Vidyalaya.

Effect of Internet on Teenagers

By Namita/Navin

We live in an era where internet has percolated our very essence of life. So be it the smartphones or laptops, one has access to the internet which gives access to all kinds of information that can be used fruitfully as well as in a destructive manner.

Out of all the people who use internet for fulfilling their everyday needs, requirements as well as entertainment purposes, teenagers are often seen to be the biggest contributors to the use of internet. These teenagers often fall prey to cyber bullying, cyber crimes and at the very least, these teenagers lose track of the real world and get immersed in this vast ocean of internet. Not only do their grades suffer, but they also incur a severe dent on their personal and mental well being too.

Awareness programmes should be run at school level while parents must put in concerned efforts to sensitize their young children on the perils of internet and its excessive usage. It is prudent to monitor the search history of teenagers so that parents may gauge if their kid is using the net for the right purposes or not. Emphasis should be given on real life interactions and friendships while keeping internet social networking to its minimal best.

For Practice:

Q4 . Education doesn't mean only providing degree. Schools play an important role to inculcate moral values in students. Using the following verbal inputs write an article in 150-200 words on the topic "Value Education in School." You are Meera/Manoj.

Value Points

• education must be value based.

• part of the curriculum in schools education compulsory upto

secondary level

• value education remains distant dream

• young boys and girls going astray-reduced to walking computers.

• material prosperity-only aim of life

• cable TVs demand pollutes young minds negatively

• need for morals education-value based education-build-character

and morals.

• steps taken in school-Assembly-5 mins talk regarding importance

of moral and values in life.

• Special prizes awarded to-most disciplined student, well behaved

student, integrity Club, Guest lectures, etc.

Q5. You are Vipin / Vineeta. You have just visited a glass factory which employs children. You have witnessed the awful condition of the children there and their place of work. You also recount the child labourers engaged in carpet and cracker industry, brick-kilns, road side restaurants and as domestic helps. Inspite of strict laws you find it appalling that many people in educated society want the practice of child labourers to continue to fulfil their selfish motives. Write an article in about 150–200 words advocating a total ban on child labour.

Suggested Value Points

Para I : Introduction :

Children below the age of 14 engaged in various types of work in homes, hotels. garages and factories.

Millions of children work as child labourers and are devoid of

school education.

Para II Cause : Poverty is one of the main causes, other causes are –

Parents illiterate,

they are paid less wages,

educated people, upper & middle class engage child labourers for their help.

Laws are not so strict etc.

Para III Effect : Working conditions in their place of work is pathetic.

It results in their poor health.

Become victims of asthma, high blood pressure, poor eyesight,

even becomes blind.

Work in dingy cells without proper oxygen

Fall in bad habits of smoking and drugs.

Para IV : Suggestions

Laws should be strictly enforced

Serve punishments by law to the employers

Joint efforts :– public awareness through media.

Suggested Topics for Article Writing

Brain Drain

Value Education

Gender Inequality

Cyber World (Boon or Bane)

Importance of Sports

Print Media or News Channel – Advantages Children Learn What

they Live with.

COVID-19 and its impact on school education.

(Some more topics will be added soon. Keep visiting the website & write your feedback on chatbox/ comment section below) .

Directorate of Education GNCT of Delhi, Delhi Government

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CBSE Class 12 English Article Writing Format, Topics, Examples, Important Topics Explained by Teachers; Term 1 2021-2022 Exam Tomorrow

Class 12 english examination is scheduled to be conducted tomorrow from 11:30 am to 1 pm..

article writing on education class 12

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is going to conduct the CBSE Class 12 English tomorrow, December 03, 2021. Candidates going to appear for the examination tomorrow must prepare for the examination using the topics and format released by the teachers earlier.

Article Writing Format

CBSE class 12 English subject is going to have an article writing section which is going to account for 5 marks. The candidates will be asked to write the answer in 150-200 words. While writing the article, candidates must make sure that they follow the format released by the board earlier mentioned in the space below:

  • Line having the name of the writer
  • Body (Usually comprising Paragraph 1, 2 and 3)
  • Ending Conclusion

The board has also released the marking scheme for the CBSE Class 12 English Article writing and the same can be checked in the space below:

  • Format – 1 marks
  • Content – 2 marks
  • Expression- 1 marks

Candidates while attempting the questions must make sure that they abide by all the guidelines, and format the article as per the framework as released by the board earlier. Any negligence while writing the article may lead to candidates losing marks in this particular section.

Article Writing Topics and Examples

Several educators have released the name of the topics that could be asked in the English Core examination tomorrow. Candidates can check out the list below and prepare them to be on the safer side:

  • Impact of Covid-19 on Indian Economy
  • Global Warming and its sever consequences
  • Deforestation: A bane for Climate

Candidates can also go through the youtube channels direct links of which are provided below to know the topics and examples in a better way. They can also get a lot of free practice questions in these video links that can be practiced before the examination.

Simran Sahni
Magnet Brains
CBSE Class
Unacademy

Important Tips for Writing Article in CBSE class 12

Article writing is not very tough but candidates can ace this section by abiding by the following tips shared by top educators:

  • Begin the article by writing the Heading or title in Capital letters only. Do not keep the heading very fancy it can be simple but must be coherent with the theme of the questions
  • In the first paragraph of the body section, explain the issue with correct facts and quotes relevant to the theme of the question asked. Explain a bit about the advantage/disadvantage of the topic asked
  • Paragraph 2 of the article must always comprise the solution to the basic question put up by the article topic. For example, if the question is on how to persuade people to complete their vaccine dosage faster? Then, in paragraph 2 candidates can add suggestion that could help in doing this

End the article by adding a concluding paragraph, refrain from leaving any article open-ended. Add a conclusion providing a better solution to the question asked in the topic.

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Important Topics For Article Writing Class 12 2023 Format, Examples, Exercises

Introduction.

Are you a Class 12 student looking to enhance your article writing skills? In this article, we will delve into the important topics for article writing in the Class 12 curriculum for the year 2023. We will explore the format of article writing, provide examples to help you grasp the concept, and offer exercises to practice your writing skills. By the end of this article, you’ll have a solid foundation in article writing that will serve you well in your academic journey and beyond.

Must Check Important Questions for Class 12 English

Understanding The Format Of Important Topics For Article Writing Class 12 2023

To write a compelling article, it’s crucial to understand its format. The following elements are essential for an effective article:

Heading The heading or title of the article should be catchy and relevant, capturing the reader’s attention and setting the tone for the content that follows.

Byline The byline consists of the author’s name. It adds credibility to the article and helps readers identify the writer.

Introduction The introduction should provide a brief overview of the topic and grab the reader’s interest. It sets the context and establishes the purpose of the article.

Body The body of the article comprises multiple paragraphs that present the main ideas, arguments, or points related to the topic. Each paragraph should focus on a single idea and flow seamlessly to the next.

Conclusion The conclusion summarizes the main points discussed in the article and offers a closing thought or call to action. It provides a sense of completion to the readers.

Examples Of Article Writing Class 12 2023

To better understand article writing, let’s consider a few examples:

Example 1: The Importance of Physical Fitness

Heading: Stay Fit, Stay Strong! Byline: By John Smith Introduction: In today’s fast-paced world, maintaining physical fitness is of utmost importance. In this article, we will explore the various benefits of staying fit and provide practical tips to incorporate exercise into your daily routine. Body: H2: Benefits of Physical Fitness H3: Improved Overall Health H3: Enhanced Mental Well-being H3: Increased Energy Levels H3: Weight Management H2: Tips for Incorporating Exercise into Daily Life H3: Set Realistic Goals H3: Find an Activity You Enjoy H3: Make it a Habit H3: Stay Consistent Conclusion: Prioritizing physical fitness is essential for leading a healthy and fulfilling life. By adopting a regular exercise routine and making mindful choices, you can experience the numerous benefits of a fit lifestyle.

Example 2: The Impact of Social Media on Society

Heading: Social Media: The Double-Edged Sword Byline: By Jane Doe Introduction: In this digital era, social media has revolutionized the way we connect and communicate. However, it also presents challenges and potential negative effects. This article aims to shed light on the impact of social media on society, both positive and negative. Body: H2: Positive Effects of Social Media H3: Enhanced Connectivity and Communication H3: Access to Information and Education H3: Opportunities for Business and Marketing H3: Platform for Self-expression and Creativity H2: Negative Effects of Social Media H3: Increased Social Comparison and Low Self-esteem H3: Cyberbullying and Online Harassment H3: Privacy Concerns and Data Security H3: Addiction and Mental Health Issues Conclusion: While social media offers immense possibilities, it is vital to approach it with caution. By using it responsibly and striking a balance between virtual and real-life interactions, we can maximize its benefits while minimizing its drawbacks.

Exercises For Practicing Important Topics For Article Writing Class 12 2023

To strengthen your article writing skills, try the following exercises:

  • Choose a current topic of interest and write an article discussing its various aspects, including its impact on society or potential solutions.
  • Select a personal experience and craft an article that shares valuable insights or lessons learned.
  • Write an article presenting an argument for or against a controversial topic, providing supporting evidence and logical reasoning.

Remember to follow the article format, incorporate engaging language, and employ proper grammar and punctuation.

Are you a Class 12 student preparing for your article writing exams in 2023? This article will provide you with a list of important topics to enhance your article writing skills. These topics cover a wide range of subjects, allowing you to explore different areas and develop your writing prowess. Let’s dive into these fascinating topics that will inspire and challenge you in your article writing journey. 1. Climate Change: A Global Crisis Explore the causes, effects, and solutions related to climate change, emphasizing the importance of collective action to combat this pressing issue. 2. Mental Health Awareness: Breaking the Stigma Discuss the significance of mental health awareness, addressing the misconceptions and promoting the importance of empathy, support, and seeking help. 3. Artificial Intelligence: Revolutionizing Industries Examine the impact of artificial intelligence on various sectors, such as healthcare, transportation, and finance, and discuss the ethical considerations associated with its implementation. 4. Women Empowerment: Achieving Equality Highlight the challenges faced by women in society and advocate for gender equality, emphasizing the need for equal opportunities, education, and empowerment. 5. Sustainable Development: Balancing Progress and Preservation Discuss the concept of sustainable development, focusing on the integration of economic growth, social well-being, and environmental conservation for a better future.

Conclusion On Important Topics For Article Writing Class 12 2023

Mastering article writing is a valuable skill that can open doors to various opportunities. By understanding the format, practicing through exercises, and implementing effective writing techniques, you can become a proficient article writer. Remember to engage your readers, provide informative content, and maintain a conversational tone. Embrace the power of words and express your ideas with clarity and precision.

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Where Harris stands on Israel, abortion, climate change, education and the economy

article writing on education class 12

[Editor's note: An earlier version of this story misstated Harris' proposed 2019 climate plan investment levels. The correct estimate is nearly seven times more than Biden's current proposal.]

Vice President Kamala Harris has emerged as the Democratic party’s presidential frontrunner after Joe Biden dropped his reelection bid Sunday.

Most Democrats have backed Harris, who announced her 2024 campaign for president shortly after Biden penned a letter explaining his decision to exit the 2024 race. Depending on who you ask, Harris is viewed as a moderate or a progressive reformer.

A former prosecutor, Harris was elected San Francisco’s district attorney with a “tough on crime” message in 2003 and worked in that role for seven years. She became the state’s attorney general in 2011 and served until 2017, when she was elected to represent California in the U.S. Senate.

Text with USA TODAY: Sign-up now and get answers to all your election questions.

More: Election 2024 live updates: Endorsements rush in for Harris; Trump attacks begin

Harris launched her own unsuccessful presidential campaign at a rally in her hometown of Oakland, California in 2019. She dropped her bid for the White House and joined President Joe Biden’s ticket in August the following year. In 2021, she was sworn in as vice president.

Decades in the public spotlight and on the public record, here is what we know about where Harris stands on key issues:

Foreign Policy

As Biden’s second-in-command, Harris has largely stood behind his foreign policy positions, but there are signs she could be tougher on Israel over the war in Gaza than the president.

Harris has not given reason to believe she will deviate much from Biden on issues relating to China , for example. She is also unlikely to sway from supporting Ukraine. Harris said earlier this year that Russia has committed “crimes against humanity” in Ukraine over the last two years.

Harris has not directly opposed Biden’s staunch support for Israel, but has expressed sympathy for the more than 38,000 Palestinian lives lost during the conflict. She was one of the first high-profile members of his administration to call for an immediate temporary cease-fire in March. She acknowledged the “immense scale of suffering” in Gaza and said the Israel-Hamas war is a “humanitarian catastrophe” for innocent civilians.

Harris’ support for women’s access to abortions has been a focal point of her tenure as the country’s first female vice president. She embarked on a nationwide Reproductive Freedoms Tour earlier this year to draw attention to attacks on abortion access following the Dobbs decision . She attended her first stop in Wisconsin on Jan. 22, the 51st anniversary of Roe v. Wade .

Harris proposed federal protections that would limit state abortion restrictions during her first presidential campaign. Under her proposal, states would need to clear laws regulating abortion with the Department of Justice, which would need to confirm they are constitutional before taking effect, she explained in 2019 .

“How dare these elected leaders believe they are in a better position to tell women what they need, to tell women what is in their best interest?” Harris asked during a visit to a Minnesota Planned Parenthood clinic in March. “We have to be a nation that trusts women.”

Harris has traveled on an Economic Opportunity Tour this summer to defend the Biden administration’s economic policy and attack former President Donald Trump’s economic agenda.

While on tour, she touted legislation passed during Biden’s time in office, including the American Rescue Plan and Inflation Reduction Act . Harris has tried to emphasize that wage increases have outpaced inflation since the pandemic and made the case that Trump has plans to give more tax cuts to the rich.

“Donald Trump gave tax cuts to billionaires,” she said in a June social media post . “President Joe Biden and I are investing in the middle class and making sure billionaires and big corporations pay their fair share.”

The vice president has made clear that climate change is a key issue a Harris administration would seek to address.

While running for president in 2019, she proposed a climate plan with a $10 trillion price tag — nearly seven times more than the $1.6 trillion Biden has invested in addressing the issue. She also called for a ban on fracking.

As a senator, she co-sponsored the Green New Deal , which called for a dramatic increase in the production of renewable fuels, including wind, solar, and hydropower sources. The 10-year mobilization plan pushed for a transition to energy systems less reliant on generating greenhouse gases, which are the primary contributors to climate change.

Harris has been an advocate inside the Biden administration pushing for the president to forgive student loan debt , which became a staple of his domestic policy agenda.

As a senator, she co-sponsored Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders’ legislation to make two-year college free for all students and waive tuition for middle-class students attending four-year public universities.

At a Pride Month event last year, she criticized Florida’s 2022 “Don’t Say Gay” law banning educators from discussing sexual orientation and gender identity in elementary and middle school classrooms. Shortly after she announced her presidential campaign Sunday, the American Federation of Teachers endorsed Harris.

Rachel Barber is a 2024 election fellow at USA TODAY, focusing on politics and education. Follow her on X, formerly Twitter, at @rachelbarber_

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AHSEC 2nd Year History Syllabus 2024-25: Download Assam Board Class 12 History Syllabus FREE PDF

Assam board class 12 history syllabus 2025: this article provides a free downloadable pdf for the ahsec class 12 history syllabus 2024-25. get the unit-wise assam board syllabus and weightage here for the 2025 exams..

Atul Rawal

HS 2nd Year History Syllabus 2025 PDF Download: The Assam Higher Secondary Education Council (AHSEC) Class 12 History syllabus for the academic year 2024-25 is out. Students and teachers can download the PDF from the official website, ahsec.assam.gov.in. The syllabus comprises course structure, unit-wise content, and objectives for each unit.

Assam Board HS 2nd Year History Course Structure 2024-25

Assam HS 2nd Year History Syllabus 2024-25

  • Broad overview : Early urban centres
  • Story of discovery : Harappan civilization.
  • Excerpt : Archeological report on a major site.
  • Discussion : how it has been utilized by archeologists/historians.
  • Broad overview : Political and economic history from the Mauryan to the Gupta Period.
  • Story of discovery : Inscriptions and the understanding of political and economic history.
  • Excerpt : Asokan inscription and Gupta period land grants.
  • Discussion : Interpretation of inscriptions by historians.
  • Broad overview : Issues in social history, including castes, kinship and gender.
  • Story of discovery : Transmission and publications of the Mahabharata.
  • Excerpt : From the Mahabharata, illustrating how it has been used by historians.
  • Discussion : Other sources for reconstructing social history.

Unit-4 : A History of Buddhism: Sanchi Stupa Broad overview : 

(a) A brief review of religious histories of Vedic religion, Jainism, Vaisnavism, Saivism.

  • Story of discovery : Sanchi Stupa.
  • Excerpt : Reproduction of sculptures from Sanchi. Discussion : Ways in which sculpture has been interupted by historians, other sources for reconstructing the history of Buddhism.
  • Broad overview : Stages of the history of Assam from prehistoric to modern period.

Unit-5 :Agrarian relations: The Ain-i-Akbari Broad overview : 

(a) Structure of agrarian relations in the 16th and 17th centuries.

  • Story of discovery : Account of the compilation and translation of Ain-i Akbari.
  • Excerpt : From the Ain-i Akbari
  • Discussion: Ways in which historians have used the text to reconstruct history.
  • Broad Overview : (a) Outline of political history 15th-17th centuries. (b) Discussion of the Mughalcourt and politics. 
  • Story of Discovery: Account of the production of court chronicles, and their subsequent translation and transmission.
  • Excerpts: from the Akbarnama and Padshabnama. 
  • Discussion : Ways in which historians have used the texts to reconstruct political histories.
  • Broad overview : (a) Outline of new buildings during Vijaynagar period– temples, forts, irrigation facilities. (b) Relationship between architecture and the political system.
  • Story of Discovery : Account of how Hampi was found.
  • Excerpts: Visuals of buildings at Hampi. 
  • Discussion: Ways in which historians have analysed and interpreted these structures.
  • Broad overview : (a) Outline of religious developments during this period. (b) Ideas and practices of the Bhakti-Sufi saints. 
  • Story of Transmission: How Bhakti-Sufi compositions have been preserved.
  • Excerpts : Extracts from selected Bhakti-Sufi works.
  • Discussion: Ways in which these have been interpreted by historians.
  • Broad overview: Outline of social and cultural life as they appear in traveller’s accounts.
  • Story of their writings : A discussion of where they travelled, why they travelled, what they wrote and for whom they wrote.
  • Excerpts : from Alberuni, Ibn Batuta, Bernier. 
  • Discussion : What these travel accounts can tell us and how they have been interpreted by historians.
  • Broad overview : (a) Life of zamindars, peasants and artisans in the late 18th century. (b) East India Company, revenue settlements and surveys. (c) Changes over the ninteenth century.
  • Story of official records : An account of why official investigations into rural societies were undertaken and the types of records and reports produced.
  • Excerpts : From Firminger’s Fifth Report, Accounts of Francis Buchanan-Hamilton, and Deccan Riots Report.
  • Discussion : What the official records tell and do not tell, and how they have been used by historians. 
  • Broad Overview: (a) The events of 1857-58 (b) How these events were recorded and narrated
  • Focus: Lucknow.
  • Excerpts: Pictures of 1857. Extracts from contemporary accounts.
  • Discussion: How the pictures of 1857 shaped British opinion of what had happened.
  • Broad overview: The growth of Mumbai, Chennai, hill stations and cantonments in the 18th and 19th century.
  • Excerpts: Photographs and paintings. Plans of cities. Extract from town plan reports. Focus on Kolkata town planning.
  • Discussion: How the above sources can be used to reconstruct the history of towns. What these sources do not reveal.
  • Broad Overview : (a) The nationalist movement 1918-48, (b) The nature of Gandhian politics and leadership.
  • Focus: Mahatma Gandhi in 1931.
  • Excerpts: Reports from English and Indian language newspapers and other contemporary writings.
  • Discussion: How newspapers can be a source of history.
  • Broad Overview : (a) The history of the 1940s; (b) Nationalism, Communalism and Partition.
  • Focus: Punjab and Bengal.
  • Excerpts: Oral testimonies of those who experienced partition.
  • Discussion: Ways in which these have been analysed to reconstruct the history of the event.
  • Broad Overview : (a) Independence and the new nation state. (b) The making of the Constitution.
  • Focus: The Constitutional Assembly debates.
  • Excerpts: From the debates.
  • Discussion : What such debates reveal and how they can be analyzed.  

Unit-16 : Map Work

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