homework hotline free

• How it Works
• Meet Our Tutors
• Math Reviews
• STEM Careers
• Educator Resources
• Data Collection Project
• Show search form
• Submit Search

You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser or activate Google Chrome Frame to improve your experience.

We are closed for the summer, we will open back up in August!

AskRose is closed for the summer. In the meantime, check out our student resources.

Get a behind-the-scenes look at AskRose Homework Help.

Learn how we help you find the answers. Step-by-step.

Get to know some of the tutors who will be answering your questions.

Find reference sheets, study guides and more. Right here.

Keep up with AskRose Homework Help!

Free Online Tutoring & College Counseling

Get personalized 1-on-1 support from live coaches, 24/7

Our Mission

We are a nonprofit on a mission to democratize access to academic support so that all students have an equal opportunity to finish high school, attend college, and achieve upward mobility.

Explore our Mission

How upchieve works.

Available 24/7

Chat with UPchieve-certified tutors in under 5 minutes, when you need them. Completely free!

1:1 Learning

Go over concepts and problems one-to-one with your tutor using our whiteboard or doc editor.

15+ Subjects

Get help in most subjects ranging from Math, Science, Reading and Writing, College Applications, and SAT & ACT Prep.

Our students love us 😍

Volunteer as a tutor

Make a difference, from your desk or your couch..

We designed UPchieve to work with your schedule. So whether it’s 2 pm or 2 am, you can leave an impact on a student’s life.

Want to get involved?

Help us achieve our mission of democratizing access to academic support!

Become a Tutor

Provide direct academic support to students in need

Schools & Nonprofits

Give every student the support they need to succeed

Partner with UPchieve

Engage your employees while advancing education equity

Scale your impact

Keep UPchieve free for low-income students forever.

Choose Your Test

Sat / act prep online guides and tips, the 5 best homework help websites (free and paid).

Other High School , General Education

Listen: we know homework isn’t fun, but it is a good way to reinforce the ideas and concepts you’ve learned in class. But what if you’re really struggling with your homework assignments?

If you’ve looked online for a little extra help with your take-home assignments, you’ve probably stumbled across websites claiming to provide the homework help and answers students need to succeed . But can homework help sites really make a difference? And if so, which are the best homework help websites you can use? 

Below, we answer these questions and more about homework help websites–free and paid. We’ll go over: 

• The basics of homework help websites
• The cost of homework help websites 
• The five best homework websites out there 
• The pros and cons of using these websites for homework help 
• The line between “learning” and “cheating” when using online homework help 
• Tips for getting the most out of a homework help website

So let’s get started! 

The Basics About Homework Help Websites–Free and Paid

Homework help websites are designed to help you complete your homework assignments, plain and simple. 

What Makes a Homework Help Site Worth Using

Most of the best sites allow users to ask questions and then provide an answer (or multiple possible answers) and explanation in seconds. In some instances, you can even send a photo of a particular assignment or problem instead of typing the whole thing out! 

Homework help sites also offer more than just help answering homework questions. Common services provided are Q&A with experts, educational videos, lectures, practice tests and quizzes, learning modules, math solving tools, and proofreading help. Homework help sites can also provide textbook solutions (i.e. answers to problems in tons of different textbooks your school might be using), one-on-one tutoring, and peer-to-peer platforms that allow you to discuss subjects you’re learning about with your fellow students. 

And best of all, nearly all of them offer their services 24/7, including tutoring! 

What You Should Should Look Out For

When it comes to homework help, there are lots–and we mean lots –of scam sites out there willing to prey on desperate students. Before you sign up for any service, make sure you read reviews to ensure you’re working with a legitimate company. 

A word to the wise: the more a company advertises help that veers into the territory of cheating, the more likely it is to be a scam. The best homework help websites are going to help you learn the concepts you’ll need to successfully complete your homework on your own. (We’ll go over the difference between “homework help” and “cheating” a little later!) 

You don't need a golden piggy bank to use homework help websites. Some provide low or no cost help for students like you!

How Expensive Are the Best Homework Help Websites?

First of all, just because a homework help site costs money doesn’t mean it’s a good service. Likewise, just because a homework help website is free doesn’t mean the help isn’t high quality. To find the best websites, you have to take a close look at the quality and types of information they provide! 

When it comes to paid homework help services, the prices vary pretty widely depending on the amount of services you want to subscribe to. Subscriptions can cost anywhere from $2 to $150 dollars per month, with the most expensive services offering several hours of one-on-one tutoring with a subject expert per month.

The 5 Best Homework Help Websites 

So, what is the best homework help website you can use? The answer is that it depends on what you need help with. 

The best homework help websites are the ones that are reliable and help you learn the material. They don’t just provide answers to homework questions–they actually help you learn the material. 

That’s why we’ve broken down our favorite websites into categories based on who they’re best for . For instance, the best website for people struggling with math might not work for someone who needs a little extra help with science, and vice versa. 

Keep reading to find the best homework help website for you! 

Best Free Homework Help Site: Khan Academy

• Price: Free!
• Best for: Practicing tough material 

Not only is Khan Academy free, but it’s full of information and can be personalized to suit your needs. When you set up your account , you choose which courses you need to study, and Khan Academy sets up a personal dashboard of instructional videos, practice exercises, and quizzes –with both correct and incorrect answer explanations–so you can learn at your own pace. 

As an added bonus, it covers more course topics than many other homework help sites, including several AP classes.

Runner Up: Brainly.com offers a free service that allows you to type in questions and get answers and explanations from experts. The downside is that you’re limited to two answers per question and have to watch ads. 

Best Paid Homework Help Site: Chegg

• Price: $14.95 to $19.95 per month
• Best for: 24/7 homework assistance  

This service has three main parts . The first is Chegg Study, which includes textbook solutions, Q&A with subject experts, flashcards, video explanations, a math solver, and writing help. The resources are thorough, and reviewers state that Chegg answers homework questions quickly and accurately no matter when you submit them.  

Chegg also offers textbook rentals for students who need access to textbooks outside of their classroom. Finally, Chegg offers Internship and Career Advice for students who are preparing to graduate and may need a little extra help with the transition out of high school. 

Another great feature Chegg provides is a selection of free articles geared towards helping with general life skills, like coping with stress and saving money. Chegg’s learning modules are comprehensive, and they feature solutions to the problems in tons of different textbooks in a wide variety of subjects. 

Runner Up: Bartleby offers basically the same services as Chegg for $14.99 per month. The reason it didn’t rank as the best is based on customer reviews that say user questions aren’t answered quite as quickly on this site as on Chegg. Otherwise, this is also a solid choice!

Best Site for Math Homework Help: Photomath

• Price: Free (or $59.99 per year for premium services) 
• Best for: Explaining solutions to math problems

This site allows you to t ake a picture of a math problem, and instantly pulls up a step-by-step solution, as well as a detailed explanation of the concept. Photomath also includes animated videos that break down mathematical concepts to help you better understand and remember them. 

The basic service is free, but for an additional fee you can get extra study tools and learn additional strategies for solving common math problems.

Runner Up: KhanAcademy offers in-depth tutorials that cover complex math topics for free, but you won’t get the same tailored help (and answers!) that Photomath offers. 

Best Site for English Homework Help: Princeton Review Academic Tutoring

• Price: $40 to $153 per month, depending on how many hours of tutoring you want 
• Best for: Comprehensive and personalized reading and writing help 

While sites like Grammarly and Sparknotes help you by either proofreading what you write via an algorithm or providing book summaries, Princeton Review’s tutors provide in-depth help with vocabulary, literature, essay writing and development, proofreading, and reading comprehension. And unlike other services, you’ll have the chance to work with a real person to get help. 

The best part is that you can get on-demand English (and ESL) tutoring from experts 24/7. That means you can get help whenever you need it, even if you’re pulling an all-nighter! 

This is by far the most expensive homework site on this list, so you’ll need to really think about what you need out of a homework help website before you commit. One added benefit is that the subscription covers over 80 other subjects, including AP classes, which can make it a good value if you need lots of help!  

Best Site for STEM Homework Help: Studypool

• Best for: Science homework help
• Price: Varies; you’ll pay for each question you submit

When it comes to science homework help, there aren’t a ton of great resources out there. The best of the bunch is Studypool, and while it has great reviews, there are some downsides as well. 

Let’s start with the good stuff. Studypool offers an interesting twist on the homework help formula. After you create a free account, you can submit your homework help questions, and tutors will submit bids to answer your questions. You’ll be able to select the tutor–and price point–that works for you, then you’ll pay to have your homework question answered. You can also pay a small fee to access notes, lectures, and other documents that top tutors have uploaded. 

The downside to Studypool is that the pricing is not transparent . There’s no way to plan for how much your homework help will cost, especially if you have lots of questions! Additionally, it’s not clear how tutors are selected, so you’ll need to be cautious when you choose who you’d like to answer your homework questions.  

What Are the Pros and Cons of Using Homework Help Sites?

Homework help websites can be a great resource if you’re struggling in a subject, or even if you just want to make sure that you’re really learning and understanding topics and ideas that you’re interested in. But, there are some possible drawbacks if you don’t use these sites responsibly. 

We’ll go over the good–and the not-so-good–aspects of getting online homework help below. 

3 Pros of Using Homework Help Websites 

First, let’s take a look at the benefits. 

#1: Better Grades Beyond Homework

This is a big one! Getting outside help with your studies can improve your understanding of concepts that you’re learning, which translates into better grades when you take tests or write essays. 

Remember: homework is designed to help reinforce the concepts you learned in class. If you just get easy answers without learning the material behind the problems, you may not have the tools you need to be successful on your class exams…or even standardized tests you’ll need to take for college. 

#2: Convenience

One of the main reasons that online homework help is appealing is because it’s flexible and convenient. You don’t have to go to a specific tutoring center while they’re open or stay after school to speak with your teacher. Instead, you can access helpful resources wherever you can access the internet, whenever you need them.

This is especially true if you tend to study at off hours because of your extracurriculars, work schedule, or family obligations. Sites that offer 24/7 tutoring can give you the extra help you need if you can’t access the free resources that are available at your school. 

#3: Variety

Not everyone learns the same way. Maybe you’re more of a visual learner, but your teacher mostly does lectures. Or maybe you learn best by listening and taking notes, but you’re expected to learn something just from reading the textbook . 

One of the best things about online homework help is that it comes in a variety of forms. The best homework help sites offer resources for all types of learners, including videos, practice activities, and even one-on-one discussions with real-life experts. 

This variety can also be a good thing if you just don’t really resonate with the way a concept is being explained (looking at you, math textbooks!).

Not so fast. There are cons to homework help websites, too. Get to know them below!

3 Cons of Using Homework Help Websites 

Now, let’s take a look at the drawbacks of online homework help. 

#1: Unreliable Info

This can be a real problem. In addition to all the really good homework help sites, there are a whole lot of disreputable or unreliable sites out there. The fact of the matter is that some homework help sites don’t necessarily hire people who are experts in the subjects they’re talking about. In those cases, you may not be getting the accurate, up-to-date, and thorough information you need.

Additionally, even the great sites may not be able to answer all of your homework questions. This is especially true if the site uses an algorithm or chatbot to help students…or if you’re enrolled in an advanced or college-level course. In these cases, working with your teacher or school-provided tutors are probably your best option. 

#2: No Clarification

This depends on the service you use, of course. But the majority of them provide free or low-cost help through pre-recorded videos. Watching videos or reading info online can definitely help you with your homework… but you can’t ask questions or get immediate feedback if you need it .

#3: Potential For Scamming 

Like we mentioned earlier, there are a lot of homework help websites out there, and lots of them are scams. The review comments we read covered everything from outdated or wrong information, to misleading claims about the help provided, to not allowing people to cancel their service after signing up. 

No matter which site you choose to use, make sure you research and read reviews before you sign up–especially if it’s a paid service! 

When Does “Help” Become “Cheating”?

Admittedly, whether using homework help websites constitutes cheating is a bit of a grey area. For instance, is it “help” when a friend reads your essay for history class and corrects your grammar, or is it “cheating”? The truth is, not everyone agrees on when “help” crosses the line into “cheating .” When in doubt, it can be a good idea to check with your teacher to see what they think about a particular type of help you want to get. 

That said, a general rule of thumb to keep in mind is to make sure that the assignment you turn in for credit is authentically yours . It needs to demonstrate your own thoughts and your own current abilities. Remember: the point of every homework assignment is to 1) help you learn something, and 2) show what you’ve learned. 

So if a service answers questions or writes essays for you, there’s a good chance using it constitutes cheating. 

Here’s an example that might help clarify the difference for you. Brainstorming essay ideas with others or looking online for inspiration is “help” as long as you write the essay yourself. Having someone read it and give you feedback about what you need to change is also help, provided you’re the one that makes the changes later. 

But copying all or part of an essay you find online or having someone write (or rewrite) the whole thing for you would be “cheating.” The same is true for other subjects. Ultimately, if you’re not generating your own work or your own answers, it’s probably cheating.

5 Tips for Finding the Best Homework Help Websites for You

Now that you know some of our favorite homework help websites, free and paid, you can start doing some additional research on your own to decide which services might work best for you! Here are some top tips for choosing a homework help website. 

Tip 1: Decide How You Learn Best 

Before you decide which site or sites you’re going to use for homework help, y ou should figure out what kind of learning style works for you the most. Are you a visual learner? Then choose a site that uses lots of videos to help explain concepts. If you know you learn best by actually doing tasks, choose a site that provides lots of practice exercises.

Tip 2: Determine Which Subjects You Need Help With

Just because a homework help site is good overall doesn’t mean that it’s equally good for every subject. If you only need help in math, choose a site that specializes in that area. But if history is where you’re struggling, a site that specializes in math won’t be much help. So make sure to choose a site that you know provides high-quality help in the areas you need it most. 

Tip 3: Decide How Much One-On-One Help You Need 

This is really about cost-effectiveness. If you learn well on your own by reading and watching videos, a free site like Khan Academy is a good choice. But if you need actual tutoring, or to be able to ask questions and get personalized answers from experts, a paid site that provides that kind of service may be a better option.

Tip 4: Set a Budget

If you decide you want to go with a paid homework help website, set a budget first . The prices for sites vary wildly, and the cost to use them can add up quick. 

Tip 5: Read the Reviews

Finally, it’s always a good idea to read actual reviews written by the people using these homework sites. You’ll learn the good, the bad, and the ugly of what the users’ experiences have been. This is especially true if you intend to subscribe to a paid service. You’ll want to make sure that users think it’s worth the price overall!

What’s Next?

If you want to get good grades on your homework, it’s a good idea to learn how to tackle it strategically. Our expert tips will help you get the most out of each assignment…and boost your grades in the process.

Doing well on homework assignments is just one part of getting good grades. We’ll teach you everything you need to know about getting great grades in high school in this article.

Of course, test grades can make or break your GPA, too. Here are 17 expert tips that’ll help you get the most out of your study prep before you take an exam.

Ashley Sufflé Robinson has a Ph.D. in 19th Century English Literature. As a content writer for PrepScholar, Ashley is passionate about giving college-bound students the in-depth information they need to get into the school of their dreams.

Ask a Question Below

Have any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply!

Improve With Our Famous Guides

• For All Students

The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 160+ SAT Points

How to Get a Perfect 1600, by a Perfect Scorer

Series: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section:

Score 800 on SAT Math

Score 800 on SAT Reading

Score 800 on SAT Writing

Series: How to Get to 600 on Each SAT Section:

Score 600 on SAT Math

Score 600 on SAT Reading

Score 600 on SAT Writing

Free Complete Official SAT Practice Tests

What SAT Target Score Should You Be Aiming For?

15 Strategies to Improve Your SAT Essay

The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 4+ ACT Points

How to Get a Perfect 36 ACT, by a Perfect Scorer

Series: How to Get 36 on Each ACT Section:

36 on ACT English

36 on ACT Math

36 on ACT Reading

36 on ACT Science

Series: How to Get to 24 on Each ACT Section:

24 on ACT English

24 on ACT Math

24 on ACT Reading

24 on ACT Science

What ACT target score should you be aiming for?

ACT Vocabulary You Must Know

ACT Writing: 15 Tips to Raise Your Essay Score

How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League

How to Get a Perfect 4.0 GPA

How to Write an Amazing College Essay

What Exactly Are Colleges Looking For?

Is the ACT easier than the SAT? A Comprehensive Guide

Should you retake your SAT or ACT?

When should you take the SAT or ACT?

Stay Informed

Get the latest articles and test prep tips!

Looking for Graduate School Test Prep?

Check out our top-rated graduate blogs here:

GRE Online Prep Blog

GMAT Online Prep Blog

TOEFL Online Prep Blog

Holly R. "I am absolutely overjoyed and cannot thank you enough for helping me!”

RESOURCES FOR ALL

NEED Resources for your students to use while they are learning from Home?

Homework Hotline understands the importance of keeping your students engaged and learning while they are at home. We have reached out to districts to collect resources that can help. We hope you find them useful and that you’ll reach out to Homework Hotline Mondays through Thursdays between 3pm-8pm CT if your students need additional help. Click on the titles below to go directly to the pages.

We’ve organized the resources into the following categories: Core Subject Resources , Test Resources , Additional Resources , and Homework Tips .

CORE SUBJECT RESOURCES

Adventure Academy (K-8) This  MMO game  gives kids something other online learning resources may lack: a sense of community. Students up to age 13 play games to learn across a range of topics (math, reading, social studies, science, and more), while also creating their own online persona and interacting with others in the game. They have a 30-day free trial , but Age of Learning is currently also offering Adventure Academy free to schools closed due to the outbreak. 

Books by the Bushel (PK-1) Books by the Bushel offers FREE literacy activities for young students. They are very simple, but many would need to be printed at home.

CILC Community of Learning (K-6) CILC is providing free core curriculum every day of the week for homebound students. According to their website, “Beginning March 23rd we will offer, free of charge, interactive, live-streamed programs from 9:30am to 3:30pm Eastern time. The programs are delivered by our highly professional content providers.”

CK-12 (K-12) CK-12 offers online learning resources covering all core subjects. Lessons can include reading, activities, videos, and more to engage students. They also have free online textbooks. CK-12 is always free for all users.

Curriki (K-12) Curriki provides teacher-vetted, open-resource lesson plans and materials on a wide array of subjects. It’s a good place to find online learning resources for students to use at home. Curriki is always free to use.

Dad’s Worksheets (K-6) Dad's Worksheets offers a growing collection of over 9,000 printable math worksheets, online math games, puzzles, and tools such as calculators, converters, and timers. All of these are completely FREE.

edHelper (K-6) edHelper is an online service that provides printable worksheets to teachers and homeschooling parents. edHelper is providing daily free workbook pages for grades K-6.  Click to see the offering today ! Feel free to call Homework Hotline’s teachers for help with these!

Education.com (K-5) While this site has a premium option, many worksheets and activities for any core subject are accessible with a free, quick account creation.

Great Schools (K-5) Great Schools provides free printable or electronic worksheets covering reading, math, science, and writing for students in grades K-5.

IXL (PK-12) IXL provides a comprehensive K-12 curriculum and has several online activities that are graded as students go, giving them immediate feedback on their understanding. You do not have to create an account to complete these activities. Simply click learning or scroll down on the home page and select the grade level and subject of activity you want to complete.

Junior Achievement (K-12) Junior Achievement of Middle Tennessee prepares and inspires young people to be financially literate, career ready, and entrepreneurially minded. Virtual resources for students and families include lessons about economics, budgets, and business plans, as well as career exploration. Student resources are organized by grade level for students in Grades K-12.

Khan Academy (K-12) Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. They tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Their math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. Khan Academy is always free.

Mystery Science (K-5) Mystery Science has compiled a set of their most engaging science lessons for parents. These are available without logging in. According to their website, “All of the lessons below are expertly designed to engage students, achieve learning outcomes, and be easy for teachers to use. We have short mini-lessons that are completely digital and full lessons that include an activity. All of the activities are designed to use simple supplies a parent will likely already have at home.”

Scholastic Learn at Home (PK-6) Scholastic’s Learn at Home website is a free resource that “provides…children with 20* days of exciting articles and stories, videos, and fun learning challenges. Children can complete them anytime, in any order. They can work on their own or together with you and your family.”

Storyline Online (Elem) “Storyline Online, streams videos featuring celebrated actors reading children’s books alongside creatively produced illustrations. Readers include Viola Davis, Chris Pine, Lily Tomlin, Kevin Costner, Annette Bening, James Earl Jones, Betty White and dozens more.”

Virtual Nerd : Video lessons covering middle grades math through algebra 2.

Xtra Math (K-12) Xtra Math is a nonprofit organization dedicated to math achievement for all with activities for achieving math fact proficiency. Membership is always free.

TESTING RESOURCES

3rd Grade TCAP

4th Grade TCAP

5th Grade TCAP

6th Grade TCAP

7th Grade TCAP

8th Grade TCAP

TCAP Algebra I

TCAP Algebra II

TCAP Geometry

TCAP Integrated Math I

TCAP Integrated Math II

TCAP Integrated Math III

EOC English I

EOC English II

TCAP Biology

ADDITIONAL EDUCATION RESOURCES

TN DOE YouTube – The Tennessee Department of Education secured a partnership with the state’s PBS stations to deliver daily instructional content for Tennessee students during COVID-19 school closures. This partnership will provide all students with access to daily learning opportunities right in their own homes. Starting April 6, Tennessee’s six PBS stations—WNPT Nashville, East Tennessee PBS, WCTE Upper Cumberland, WKNO Memphis, West TN PBS, and Chattanooga WTCI—will deliver two hours of programming with high-quality instructional content from 10 a.m. to 12 p.m. CST. Four hours of content will also be streamed overnight, which viewers can watch live or record. You can find more information here .

Center for Puppetry Arts – Center for Puppetry Arts has expanded its Digital Learning platform to include live streaming. You can enjoy curriculum-based workshops and Digital Learning interactive puppet shows from the safety and comfort of home. All you need is an internet connection to join their Zoom rooms.

DIY Science – Sponsored by the Adventure Science Center, this website “offer[s]  DIY Science  lessons and experiments the whole family can enjoy! Each lesson provides instruction, a materials list, and ideas for activities to get hands-on with science, including sample questions to get those gears turning. Check back for more lessons!”

FabuLinga – FabuLingua teaches Spanish through interactive stories on mobile phones and tablets. Their unique method is designed to introduce new languages in a way that subconsciously develops the child’s ear, comprehension, and reading skills. They offer a new charming interactive story from Latin America or Spain every month, along with associated games and a Magic Sticker Book where they get to create their own compositions. FabuLinga offers the first month free when you subscribe. Click here  from your mobile device to go straight to the app. Or download them from the App Store or Google Play.

FristKids – Provided by the Frist Art Museum, this site is perfect for students interested in knowing more about art. They have several videos, and each video has an art project you can make at home.

Kid’s Activity Blog – This is a blog with a long list of free educational resources for students as well as several posts about creating schedules for your students so that they don’t lose the sense of a routine while at home. MANY of the free educational resources must be requested via your school or school district. Investigate the list for yourself and reach out to the appropriate stakeholders in your district so that they are aware and able to apply.

Nashville Symphony – Provided by the Nashville Symphony, this site includes lesson plans and additional resources for music learning. They will be posting weekly lessons, and have begun with Meet the String Family .

• Other Translate
• Campus Portal
• --> Students

Metro Nashville Public Schools

Free Homework Hotline for Students

Free Homework Hotline helps students learn and succeed. Call 615-298-6636 or visit homeworkhotline.info for chat support.

Students who need help with their classes should know about a great resource that’s available every day after school: Homework Hotline .

The free service provides certified K-12 teachers who can guide students (and parents) through challenging subject matter and tricky assignments, from reading to calculus.

To get homework help, all you have to do is:

call (615) 298-6636 between 3 and 8 p.m. Monday through Thursday.

chat online, instead of by phone, at the Homework Hotline website, homeworkhotline.info , between 5 and 7 p.m. Click the “Need Help? Let’s Talk!” widget to get started.

And don’t worry: You don’t have to find the exact words to describe the problem or assignment to the teacher on the other end of the phone line or chat box.

“To bridge the distance gap, students can text or email images of their assignments, join an online whiteboard with their tutor, or share an essay digitally,” said Madeline Adams, Homework Hotline’s executive director.

Parents or guardians also can enroll students in weekly tutoring sessions to have a tutor call the student at the same time each week to tackle difficult concepts. Multilingual tutors can complete sessions in English, Spanish, Arabic, Hindi, Farsi, Mandarin, and Swahili.

“There are all kinds of options,” said Jill Petty, MNPS’s executive director of curriculum and instruction and a member of Homework Hotline’s board of directors.

MNPS is one of the Tennessee school districts that partner with Homework Hotline, which has provided more than 550,000 tutoring sessions to K-12 students since 1990.

US California

Recently viewed courses

Recently viewed.

Find Your Dream School

This site uses various technologies, as described in our Privacy Policy, for personalization, measuring website use/performance, and targeted advertising, which may include storing and sharing information about your site visit with third parties. By continuing to use this website you consent to our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use .

   COVID-19 Update: To help students through this crisis, The Princeton Review will continue our "Enroll with Confidence" refund policies. For full details, please click here.

• Homework Help
• Find a Tutor
• How It Works
• Pre-Med GPA Booster
• Need a test prep tutor? Call us: 888-231-7737

Improve Your Grades Today

Expert online homework help is available 24/7 in over 80 subjects. from math and science to foreign language and ap courses, our online tutors have got you covered., get free homework help for the following subjects:.

Master calculus concepts and improve your understanding of statistics with help from our online math tutors.

• Linear Algebra
• Trigonometry
• Pre-Calculus
• Calculus AB
• Calculus BC
• Calculus - Multivariable
• Discrete Math
• Finite Math
• Elementary (Grades 4-6)
• Mid-Level (Grades 7-8)
• Intermediate Statistics

Walk step-by-step through bio, chem and physics questions with our online tutors to ace your science class this year.

• Physics Algebra-based
• Physics Calculus-based
• Earth Science
• Anatomy & Physiology
• Elementary (Grades 4-8)
• Organic Chemistry
• Microbiology

Hand in your paper after it has been proofread and perfected. Find help with vocab and literature, too.

• English (4th-6th Grades)
• English (7th-8th Grades)
• English (9th-12th Grades)
• College English
• Essay Writing
• Async-ELL-Essay Review
• Essay Writing (College Level)
• Proofreading
• ESL (8th-12th Grades)
• ESL (College Level)
• Reading Comprehension (3rd-8th Grades)
• Reading Comprehension (9th - College Level)
• Social Studies

Brush up on details the night before an exam or review papers to ensure your historical references are accurate.

• U.S. History
• World History
• European History
• Civics and Government
• Intro to Psychology

AP® Support

AP courses are tough. Get help from expert tutors throughout the year all the way up to exam day.

• AP ® Calculus AB
• AP ® Calculus BC
• AP ® Statistics
• AP ® Biology
• AP ® Chemistry
• AP ® Intro to Psychology
• AP ® Physics Algebra-based
• AP ® English Language
• AP ® English Literature
• AP ® U.S. History
• AP ® World History
• AP ® European History
• AP ® Government and Politics

International Baccalaureate®

You won't get your IB Diploma or Certificate by studying less! Work with our team of experts all year to be ready for your IB exams.

• Language A: Language and Literature
• Language A: Literature HL
• Language A: Literature SL
• Mathematics HL: Calculus
• Mathematics HL: Discrete Math
• Mathematics HL: Pre-Calculus
• Mathematics HL: Statistics
• Mathematics SL: Calculus
• Mathematics SL: Pre-Calculus
• Mathematics SL: Statistics
• Computer Science: C++
• Computer Science: Java

Business and Technology

Excel in class and improve your grades with help from expert business tutors.

• Microsoft PowerPoint ®
• Microsoft Excel ®
• Microsoft Word ®
• Computer Science: Python

Foreign Languages

Work with a tutor and impress your teacher and classmates with your vocabulary and grammar skills.

Spanish Language Tutoring

Improve your grades with the help from Spanish tutors and study without any language barrier.

• En Español Math
• En Español Math - Algebra
• En Español Math - Calculus
• En Espanol Math - Calculus BC
• En Español Math - Geometry
• En Espanol Math - Pre-Calculus
• En Español Math - Statistics
• En Español Math - Trigonometry
• En Español Science
• En Espanol Science - Anatomy and Physiology
• En Español Science - Biology
• En Español Science - Chemistry
• En Español Science - Earth Science
• En Español Science - Physics
• En Español Social Studies

*AP is a registered trademark of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

Enrollment Advisor

1-800-2REVIEW (800-273-8439) ext. 1

1-877-LEARN-30

Mon-Fri 9AM-10PM ET

Sat-Sun 9AM-8PM ET

Student Support

1-800-2REVIEW (800-273-8439) ext. 2

Mon-Fri 9AM-9PM ET

Sat-Sun 8:30AM-5PM ET

Partnerships

• Teach or Tutor for Us

College Readiness

International

Advertising

Affiliate/Other

• Enrollment Terms & Conditions
• Accessibility
• Cigna Medical Transparency in Coverage

Register Book

Local Offices: Mon-Fri 9AM-6PM

• SAT Subject Tests

Academic Subjects

Find the Right College

• College Rankings
• College Advice
• Applying to College
• Financial Aid

School & District Partnerships

• Professional Development
• Advice Articles
• Private Tutoring
• Mobile Apps
• International Offices
• Work for Us
• Affiliate Program
• Partner with Us
• Advertise with Us
• International Partnerships
• Our Guarantees
• Accessibility – Canada

Privacy Policy | CA Privacy Notice | Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information | Your Opt-Out Rights | Terms of Use | Site Map

©2024 TPR Education IP Holdings, LLC. All Rights Reserved. The Princeton Review is not affiliated with Princeton University

TPR Education, LLC (doing business as “The Princeton Review”) is controlled by Primavera Holdings Limited, a firm owned by Chinese nationals with a principal place of business in Hong Kong, China.

Homework Hotline: Providing cost-free tutoring to Tennessee students

For most Middle Tennessee students, the school day doesn’t end when the final bell rings – it follows them home, where they’ll continue to build on their classroom learning through homework assignments. But in this setting, there is no teacher on hand to help if the student faces a stumbling block, and parents or guardians may not be able to provide the guidance needed.

Since 1990, Homework Hotline has provided a solution to this challenge by offering cost-free tutoring to Tennessee students. In the 2018-19 school year alone, Homework Hotline teachers completed 11,731 tutoring sessions with 6,314 unique students, parents or guardians, sessions that totaled 3,780 hours of tutoring – all of it completely free.

The Scarlett Family Foundation has supported Homework Hotline (HH) since 2008. Each school year, Homework Hotline pairs thousands of Tennessee students and their families with certified teachers who can guide them through even the most challenging homework problems.

HH teachers work with all K-12 students, regardless of learning style or educational background, and can do so by phone or through online chat. Teachers and students can even learn together via an online whiteboard, allowing teachers to coach their students step-by-step through the problem-solving process. Students can also share typed essays with HH teachers to receive real-time, savable feedback. By making use of phone or online communication, HH brings homework help right into a student’s home – eliminating the need for a student to travel to a tutoring center.

Homework Hotline also recognizes that Tennessee students come from a wide variety of backgrounds and with different abilities, and seeks to find ways to serve all populations. That’s why the organization employs teachers who speak English, Spanish, Arabic, Hindi, Farsi, and Swahili. Students who are hearing-impaired can also work with HH teachers through the online chat feature, or by texting photos of their homework to the teacher using the Image Share program.

Homework Hotline strives to be innovative in their offerings in order to ensure that all students can learn and understand their assignments. In 2018, 94% of students expressed understanding of a concept and 83% proved mastery when given a post-test. By providing free, accessible, high-quality homework help, Homework Hotline prepares Tennessee students for success.

Related Posts

Lipscomb university school leadership program: preparing future principals to lead high-quality schools.

Academies of Nashville: Helping High School Students Earn a Post-Secondary Credential & Be Career-Ready

Empowering parents as partners in their child’s education.

Nashville’s Urgent Early Literacy Challenge

• Key Initiatives
• Current Scholars
• Scholarship FAQ
• Student Resources
• Organizations Funded
• Grantee Success Stories
• Tennessee Education Facts
• Third-Grade Literacy in MNPS
• School Data Finder
• What We Are Reading
• What We Are Learning
• Nashville School Data Finder

• Faculty and Staff
• Discover Harvey Mudd
• Connect to Harvey Mudd
• Apply to Harvey Mudd
• Afford to attend Harvey Mudd
• DEPARTMENTS
• Computer Science
• Engineering
• Humanities, Social Sciences, and the Arts
• Mathematics
• INTERDISCIPLINARY CENTERS
• Hixon Center for Climate and the Environment
• Center for Design Education
• Hixon-Riggs Program for Responsive Science and Engineering
• Majors at Harvey Mudd
• Academic Emphases at Harvey Mudd
• Faculty of Harvey Mudd
• Common Core Curriculum
• English Language Learning
• Dean of the Faculty
• Institutional Research
• Learning Programs
• Study Abroad
• Upward Bound
• Summer Session
• The Makerspace
• Entrepreneurship
• Sponsors and Projects
• Prospective Sponsors
• Impact on Society
• Clinic Events
• History of the Clinic Program
• Clinic Program Contacts
• Research Focus Areas and Labs
• Research Videos
• Faculty Research Resources
• Student Research Opportunities
• Campus Life
• Career Services
• Civic and Community Engagement
• Health and Wellness
• Housing and Residential Life
• Institutional Diversity
• Academic Resources and Student Success
• About Division of Student Affairs
• Meet the DSA Staff
• Commencement
• Orientation
• Accessible Education
• International Students and Scholars
• Mudders Care for Mudders
• Emergency Resources
• Student Handbook
• Title IX and Sexual Assault
• 7C Demonstration Policy
• Annual Fire Safety and Security Report
• Visit Campus
• Harvey Mudd News
• Upcoming Events
• President's Office
• Mission and Strategic Vision
• Make Your Gift Now
• Annual Fund
• Endowed Giving at Harvey Mudd
• Planned Giving
• Current and Special Giving Initiatives
• Ways to Give
• Contact College Advancement

Harvey Mudd College News

Homework hotline permanently funded, share story.

Harvey Mudd College’s Homework Hotline, a free over-the-phone tutoring service for K-12 students, has become a permanent program of the College, assuring that local and regional students will have access to free, quality math and science tutoring for years to come.

Homework Hotline (1.877.827.5462) is open Monday through Thursday from 6–9 p.m. PT during the academic year.

Founded in 2010, Homework Hotline has averaged 3,000 calls per academic year. Most calls to the hotline come from students in junior high and high school, with over 60 percent of callers requesting help in trigonometry, geometry or algebra. The program primarily serves the Greater Los Angeles area but is open to all students who have math or science homework questions.

Homework Hotline is staffed by high-achieving student tutors from Harvey Mudd College, one of the nation’s top undergraduate colleges specializing in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Hotline student tutors receive training to effectively communicate with callers, are equipped with books and materials from local school districts and have a Dropbox link so callers can upload materials if necessary.

During spring 2020, when students across the country moved to online instruction in response to the pandemic, Homework Hotline extended its hours to further serve the community. Harvey Mudd tutors, who had also moved to online learning, staffed the hotline remotely from their homes in 12 states.

Harvey Mudd’s Homework Hotline was conceived in 2010 by Harvey Mudd president Maria Klawe, after she visited the successful Homework Hotline created at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology (RHIT). RHIT shared its system with Harvey Mudd, provided technical advice for its implementation and continues to be a valued collaborator.

“The magic in that room with students tutoring local kids in all kinds of topics of math and science, the energy and good-spirited helpfulness—I knew we could bring that to Harvey Mudd and serve our region,” said Klawe.

For 13 years, the College provided Homework Hotline’s service to the community thanks to private donations. Now, recognizing the invaluable resource the hotline provides to the community and region, the College has made the program a permanent part of its overall operating budget moving forward.

“It’s very important when we have a presence in the community to know that we’re there for the long term,” said Homework Hotline Director Gabriela Gamiz. “One of the biggest questions I hear from our school districts is, ‘how long is this program going to be in place?’”

“The service means so much to the surrounding schools,” Gamiz said. “Funding the program permanently is the College’s way of demonstrating its importance. Homework Hotline is part of our fabric, it’s part of our culture, it’s part of what we believe in. We want to keep on sharing the amazing passion and talent that Harvey Mudd students have for math and science with the wider community.

Harvey Mudd’s student volunteers also benefit from tutoring younger students in subjects that are the foundational blocks of their own studies in math- and science-related fields, strengthening their knowledge of basic concepts and helping them develop critical communication skills. When an elementary, middle- or high-school student calls the hotline with a question, a Harvey Mudd student tutor helps them with one problem and then encourages the student to try the rest on their own. Students are welcome to call back as many times as they like.

“Homework Hotline being permanently funded is great news for the College, the students, and the community,” said Diana Lin ’22, who has tutored with the hotline all four years she has been at Harvey Mudd.

“Serving the community is important for me. As a student in college, I value being able to give back and help others now that I have that knowledge and expertise to do so. Not everyone is fortunate enough to afford tutors and this hotline is way to reach that community and bridge the gap. Everyone should be able to receive educational assistance no matter their situation,” Lin said.

“I am super grateful that homework hotline was permanently funded, said hotline tutor Caitlin Huang ’22.

“Many of these students call because it is the only resource they have access to outside of school. Students will sometimes get discouraged and give up if they are struggling and can’t find help. With Homework Hotline as a resource, students know that they are not alone and can call at their convenience. Providing free tutoring is not only rewarding to the tutors, but also continues to foster learning within the community,” Huang said.

Many K-12 education leaders and student advocates in Southern California also view the program as a vital service, including Anthony Quan, STEM coordinator at the LA County Office of Education, who has been an advocate and promoter of the hotline with teachers in the LA area.

“Homework Hotline is a great resource that connects community to schools, college to kids, and imagination to inspiration,” said Quan. “Harvey Mudd’s Homework Hotline is an exemplary project that impacts a student’s life.”

“I am thrilled that Harvey Mudd has permanently funded Homework Hotline” said Klawe. “This means the College can continue to bring homework support to heavily impacted school districts and expand its outreach to even more students to help them achieve success in math and science.”

Mudd Magazine

Search HMC Experts

Harvey Mudd’s faculty can provide commentary to news media on a broad range of topics.

Search by name, keyword or subject area.

• Alafia Elementary
• Alexander Elementary
• Alonso High
• Anderson Elementary
• Aparicio-Levy Technical College
• Apollo Beach K-8
• Armwood High
• B.T. Washington Elementary
• Bailey Elementary
• Ballast Point Elementary
• Barrington Middle
• Bay Crest Elementary
• Bellamy Elementary
• Belmont Elementary
• Benito Middle
• Bevis Elementary
• Bing Elementary
• Bloomingdale Senior High
• Bowers/Whitley Adult
• Building Construction Academy at Bowers/Whitley
• Boyette Springs Elementary
• Brandon Adult
• Brandon Success
• Brandon High
• Brewster Technical College
• Brooker Elementary
• Broward Elementary
• Bryan Plant City Elementary
• Bryant Elementary
• Buchanan Middle
• Buckhorn Elementary
• Burnett Middle
• Burney Elementary
• Burns Middle
• Caminiti Exceptional
• Cannella Elementary
• Carrollwood K-8
• Carver Center
• Chamberlain Adult
• Chamberlain High
• Chiaramonte Elementary
• Chiles Elementary
• Cimino Elementary
• Citrus Park Elementary
• Clair Mel Elementary
• Clark Elementary
• Claywell Elementary
• Coleman Middle
• Collins PK-8
• Colson Elementary
• Cork Elementary
• Corr Elementary
• Crestwood Elementary
• Cypress Creek Elementary
• Medical Academy at D.W. Waters
• Davidsen Middle
• Davis Elementary
• Deer Park Elementary
• DeSoto Elementary
• Dickenson Elementary
• Doby Elementary
• Dorothy C. York Innovation Academy
• Dorothy Thomas Exceptional
• Dover Elementary
• Dowdell Middle
• Dr. Carter G. Woodson PK-8
• Dunbar Elementary Magnet
• Durant High
• East Bay High
• Edison Elementary
• Egypt Lake Elementary
• Eisenhower Exceptional
• Eisenhower Middle
• Erwin Technical College
• Essrig Elementary
• Farnell Middle
• Ferrell Girls Preparatory Academy Middle
• Fishhawk Creek Elementary
• Folsom Elementary
• Forest Hills Elementary
• Foster Elementary
• Boys Preparatory Academy at Franklin Middle Magnet
• Freedom High
• Frost Elementary
• Gaither High
• Gibsonton Elementary
• Giunta Middle
• Gorrie Elementary
• Grady Elementary
• Graham Elementary
• Greco Middle
• Hammond Elementary
• Heritage Elementary
• Hill Middle
• Hillsborough High
• Hillsborough Virtual K-12
• High School UUU
• Hospital Homebound and Homebased Program
• Hunters Green Elementary
• Ippolito Elementary
• Jackson Elementary
• James Elementary School
• Jefferson Adult
• Jefferson High
• Jennings Middle
• Kenly Elementary
• Kenneth E. Adum K-8 Magnet
• Kingswood Elementary
• Knights Elementary
• Lake Magdalene Elementary
• Lamb Elementary
• Lanier Elementary
• LaVoy Exceptional
• Learey Technical
• Lennard Adult
• Lennard High
• Lewis Elementary
• Liberty Middle
• Limona Elementary
• Lincoln Elementary Magnet
• Lithia Springs Elementary
• Lockhart Elementary Magnet
• Lomax Elementary Magnet
• Lopez Elementary
• Lopez Exceptional
• Lowry Elementary
• Mabry Elementary
• MacFarlane Park Elementary
• Madison Middle
• Mango Elementary
• Maniscalco K-8
• Mann Middle
• Marshall Middle Magnet IB World School
• Martinez Middle
• McDonald Elementary
• McKitrick Elementary
• Memorial Middle
• Mendenhall Elementary
• Middleton High
• Miles Elementary
• Mintz Elementary
• Mitchell Elementary
• Morgan Woods Elementary
• Mort Elementary A Community Partnership School
• Muller Elementary Magnet
• Mulrennan Middle
• Nature's Classroom
• Nelson Elementary
• Newsome High
• North Tampa Success
• Northwest Elementary
• Oak Grove Elementary
• Oak Park Elementary
• Orange Grove Middle Magnet
• Palm River Elementary
• Patricia J. Sullivan Partnership
• Pierce Middle
• Pinecrest Elementary
• Plant City Adult
• Plant City High
• Potter Elementary
• Pride Elementary
• Progress Village Middle Magnet
• Rampello K-8 Downtown Partnership Magnet
• Randall Middle
• Reddick Elementary
• Riverhills Elementary Magnet
• Riverview Elementary
• Riverview High
• Robinson Elementary
• Robinson High
• Robles Elementary
• Rodgers Middle Magnet
• Roland Park K-8 Magnet
• Roosevelt Elementary
• Ruskin Elementary
• Schmidt Elementary
• Schwarzkopf Elementary
• Seffner Elementary
• Seminole Heights Elementary
• Sessums Elementary
• Sgt. Smith Middle School
• Shaw Elementary
• Sheehy Elementary
• Shields Middle
• Shore Elementary Magnet
• Sickles High
• Simmons Career Acceleration Academy
• Simmons Exceptional
• Sligh Middle Magnet
• South County Career Acceleration Academy
• Springhead Elementary
• Steinbrenner High
• Stewart Middle Magnet
• Stowers Elementary
• Strawberry Crest High
• Sulphur Springs K-8
• Summerfield Crossings Elementary
• Summerfield Elementary
• Sumner High
• Symmes Elementary
• Tampa Bay Boulevard Elementary
• Tampa Bay Technical High School
• Tampa Heights Elementary Magnet
• Tampa Palms Elementary
• Temple Terrace Elementary
• Thompson Elementary
• Thonotosassa Elementary
• Tomlin Middle
• Town and Country Elementary
• Trapnell Elementary
• Turkey Creek Middle
• Turner/Bartels K-8
• Twin Lakes Elementary
• Valrico Elementary
• Walden Lake Elementary
• Walker Middle Magnet
• Warren Hope Dawson Elementary
• Webb Middle
• West Shore Elementary
• West Tampa Elementary
• Westchase Elementary
• Wharton High
• Williams Middle Magnet
• Willis Peters Exceptional
• Wilson Elementary
• Wilson Middle
• Wimauma Elementary
• Witter Elementary
• Woodbridge Elementary
• Yates Elementary
• Young Middle Magnet

Hillsborough County Public Schools

Preparing Students for Life

Math Homework Hotline (MHH)

Math Homework Hotline (MHH) offers a free service to students for math help. On select Thursdays, the live show is broadcast from 6 to 7 p.m. featuring a specific math topic while students call in with any of their math questions. The tutors will begin taking calls at 5:30 p.m. See the schedule for dates and topics available.

View live on the web from 6:00 pm-7:00 pm on Thursday evenings or on Spectrum channel 635 or Frontier channel 32.  Our teachers are ready to take your questions beginning at 5:30 pm on Thursday nights, call (813) 840-7260.

MHH Sponsors

• Questions or Feedback? |
• Web Community Manager Privacy Policy (Updated) |

A Red Phone FAQ

By matt soniak | jun 20, 2008.

What was the Red Phone?

The Red Phone, also known as the Red Telephone, the Moscow-Washington hotline and the Hot Line, is a "confidence building measure" and communications system designed to decrease tensions and prevent accidental nuclear war by providing direct contact between the leaders of the United States and Russia. It links the White House (via the National Military Command Center) with the Kremlin.

When and why was it established?

The leaders of the Soviet Union first proposed a safeguard to prevent accidental war in 1954. In 1958, they accepted an invitation from the US to take part in a Conference of Experts on Surprise Attack in Geneva, Switzerland; no firm plans were made, but research began on both ends on the technical aspects of a safeguard system. In 1961, President Kennedy addressed the U.N. General Assembly and proposed a "Program for General and Complete Disarmament in a Peaceful World." The program included measures to prevent miscommunication between the US and USSR, including "advanced notification of military movements and maneuvers" and the creation of "an international commission to study "˜failure of communication.'"

A year later, the Cuban Missile Crisis, a confrontation over the presence of Soviet missiles in Cuba brought the world to the brink of nuclear war. While that's scary in and of itself, the way the two nuclear superpowers communicated with each other during the crisis is downright terrifying. It took the US almost 12 hours to receive and decode a 3,000 word telegram from the Soviets, and by the time the Americans drafted a response, the Soviets had already sent another message. Meanwhile, the Soviet ambassador to Washington had have a bicycle courier pick up his messages take them to a Western Union office in order to communicate with Moscow. Hindsight being 20-20, after the crisis was resolved, both the US and USSR realized the situation could have been resolved faster with a modern, efficient communication system. On June 20, 1963, spokesmen from both countries signed the "Memorandum of Understanding Regarding the Establishment of a Direct Communications Line" in Geneva.

So how does it work?

Contrary to its portrayal in pop culture, the system is more than a pair of red telephones. In fact, the system didn't involve an actual telephone until the 1970s. The memorandum that established the system stipulated "one full-time duplex wire telegraph circuit," since it was thought that that text would reduce the chance of poor translation, give each side time to consider the other's message before replying and prevent a person's tone of voice from being misinterpreted. The telegraph circuit was routed Washington-London-Copenhagen-Stockholm-Helsinki-Moscow, and a second link, routed Washington-Tangier-Moscow, was used a back up.

Identical teletype terminals were set up in Washington and Moscow, staffed by teams of communications experts and interpreters. The Moscow terminal, dubbed the Red Phone by the Soviets, was placed in a cell under the Kremlin, and the Washington terminal was placed in the Pentagon at the National Military Command Center. The memorandum also stipulated that each country provide the other with the necessary equipment for the terminals free of charge.

In 1971, the system was upgraded. A phone line was installed and the secondary telegraph line was eliminated. The main telegraph line was then complemented by two satellite communication lines, formed by two US Intelsat satellites and two Soviet Molniya II satellites.

The system was upgraded again in 1986. The Soviets replaced their satellites with modern stationary Gorizont-class satellites, and high-speed facsimile transmission capacity was added. This allowed the quick exchange of large amounts of information, including images and documents, along with voice and teletype messages.

When the hot line is used on the American end, a message from the president is sent from the White House to the command center via coded phone, electronic transmission or messenger. The officer in charge of the center contacts the White House to verify the message. Once the message is verified, it is encoded and sent to Moscow (in the early years, the teleprinters were only able to send material at the staggering rate of 66 words per minute). Messages from Washington are transmitted in English and messages from Moscow transmitted in Russian, using Cyrillic characters, with translation being handled on the receiving end.

Has it ever been used?

There have been several instances where the hotline has been used that the public is aware of, and probably many more that we don't know about yet. Moscow used the system for the very first time on June 5, 1967, during the Six Day War. President Lyndon Johnson said in his memoirs that he remembered answering the phone in his bedroom and hearing defense secretary Robert McNamara say, "Mr. President, the hot line is up." Just a few hours earlier, war had broken out between Israel and its Arab neighbors, and the Soviets wanted to know if the United States had taken part in Israel's surprise attack on Egypt. Over the next several days, the two sides used the hot line to send as many as 20 messages, mostly to inform each other of the intentions and maneuvers of their navy fleets, which were in close proximity in the Mediterranean.

Richard Nixon also used the hot line when tensions were sparked between India and Pakistan in 1971, and again two years later during another Middle East conflict. Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan both used the hot line to flex their muscles; Carter contacted Moscow to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, and Reagan is said to have threatened the Soviets over their arrest of a US journalist on espionage charges.

Most recently, the system has been used during the post-war occupation of Iraq to allow for discussion of peace-keeping and rebuilding efforts.

While its official uses might be few and far in-between, the hot line functions 24/7 and is tested hourly, with the Pentagon sending a message every even hour, and Moscow sending a response every odd hour. Since something must be said in the messages, operators on both sides have made a game of testing each other's translation skills. The U.S. operators are fond of sending recipes for chili and magazine articles, while the Russians respond with excerpts from Dostoyevsky novels.

• Fundamentals NEW

• Biographies
• Compare Countries
• World Atlas

Related resources for this article

• Primary Sources & E-Books

Introduction

The capital and largest city of Russia , Moscow has always played a central role in the country’s history. In the Middle Ages it was the capital of the powerful principality of Muscovy. For much of the 20th century it was the capital of the Soviet Union , representing the authority of that superpower’s communist government. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Moscow became the political center of newly independent Russia as well as its industrial, educational, and cultural capital.

Moscow is situated in far western Russia on the banks of the Moskva (Moscow) River, a tributary of the Oka. The center of the city is the Kremlin , located on a high bank of the river. The Kremlin began as a fort first built by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky in the 12th century. It was protected originally by a wooden fence and later by brick walls. During the following centuries churches, palaces, and government buildings were built within the walls. Today the Kremlin walls enclose the largest concentration of historic buildings in Russia.

Next to the Kremlin is Red Square. It was originally a marketplace at a time when a trade and artisans’ settlement had developed outside the Kremlin walls. It became the major center for political and social events and today is used for big parades and public celebrations and demonstrations. At the southern end of the square is the 16th-century Cathedral of St. Basil, and at the northern end is the 19th-century State Historical Museum. The Lenin Mausoleum is on the west side, and the massive department store GUM is on the east.

With the Kremlin and Red Square as the original core area, the city grew outward in a series of rings, marked by defensive walls. The brick walls of the Kremlin date from the late 15th century. In the 16th century additional walls of stone and earth were built around the city. In the 19th century these walls were pulled down and replaced with wide circular boulevards known as the Boulevard and Garden rings. Beyond these boulevards the city has expanded in all directions, with roads radiating out from the central rings like the spokes of a wheel.

Central Moscow—the area within the Garden Ring—functions like a typical downtown. In this area are concentrated most of the government offices, most of the hotels and larger stores, and the main theaters, museums, and art galleries. In the 1990s the resident population of the inner city declined as many large apartment buildings were transformed into offices. The residential neighborhoods that remain within the Garden Ring consist mostly of luxury apartments for the wealthy.

The architecture of central Moscow features buildings representing every period of the city’s development from the 15th century to the present day. Examples of 17th-century church architecture include the Church of All Saints of Kulishki, built in the 1670s and ’80s, and the Church of the Nativity of Putniki (1649–52). Other notable buildings include the elegant Pashkov House (1785–86), now part of the Russian State Library; the Manezh (Riding School; 1817), which is now used as an exhibition hall; and the Bolshoi Theater (1821–24), rebuilt in 1856 after a fire. Soviet-era additions to central Moscow include several elaborate “wedding-cake” (tiered) skyscrapers as well as concrete-and-glass high rises. The Gazprom and Lukoil office buildings, built in the 1990s, are among the more notable examples of later architecture.

The main street in the city center is Tverskaya Prospekt (formerly Gorky Prospekt), which leads northwest from Red Square. It is lined with large stores, hotels, theaters, and restaurants. Some of the notable buildings are the National Hotel, the Central Telegraph Office, and the Mayor’s Office.

The Moskva River follows a circuitous course through the city. It forms a large loop southwest of the city center and then flows northward again to pass the Kremlin walls. To the east of the Kremlin the Yauza River joins the Moskva. The high south bank of the southwestern loop of the Moskva forms the Vorobyëvy Hills (or Lenin Hills), which reach 655 feet (200 meters). Many foreign embassies and the Moscow State University complex, dominated by an ornate Stalin-era building, stand on the Vorobyëvy Hills. Across the river is the sports complex known as Luzhniki Park. Just upstream, on the south bank of the river, is Gorky Park. The city’s largest park, it has an amusement park in addition to gardens and woodlands.

On the outskirts of the city a large number of residential and other building construction projects were undertaken after World War II. Major new housing areas arose between the Garden Ring and the Moscow Ring Road, which circles the city some 10 miles (16 kilometers) from the center. The northern suburbs contain the large Sokolniki Park, a botanical garden, and the All-Russian Exhibition Center. The latter—still commonly known by its Soviet-era name, the Exhibition of Economic Achievements—was opened in 1939 to showcase the economic and scientific accomplishments of the Soviet Union. Today the exhibits are interspersed with amusement park rides, markets, and other attractions. Nearby is the 1,758-foot (536-meter) Television Tower, the tallest structure in Russia.

People and Culture

The great majority of the people of Moscow, called Muscovites, are ethnic Russians. The largest minority groups are Ukrainians, Belarusians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, and Tatars. During the Soviet era, migration contributed to a rapid rise in Moscow’s population. Beginning in 1932 the government restricted migration by requiring people to have a special permit to live in the city. Today, people still need to register their place of residence with the government.

It is rare for people in Moscow to have a single-family home. Most Muscovites live in apartments, which can be in old houses that have been subdivided, in Soviet-era apartment blocks, or in new buildings. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, registered Moscow residents were given the government-owned homes in which they lived. After that, however, housing prices rose so steeply that, in the early 21st century, only a small percentage of Muscovites could afford to buy an apartment in the city. In fact, due largely to the housing market, Moscow became one of the most expensive cities in the world to live in.

Moscow contains dozens of theaters and concert halls. One of the best known is the Bolshoi Theater, which is home to Russia’s leading theater company for ballet and opera. Organized in the 1770s, the company also performs at the State Kremlin Palace and tours extensively throughout the world. Other renowned theaters include the Maly Theater, the Moscow Art Theater, and the Obraztsov Puppet Theater. Musical performances are held in the Tchaikovsky Concert Hall and at the Moscow P.I. Tchaikovsky Conservatory.

Several of Moscow’s many art galleries and museums have an international reputation. Among the most famous are the Tretyakov Gallery, the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, the Museum of Oriental Arts, and the Literature Museum. Historical institutions include the Armory Museum, the State Historical Museum, the Central Lenin Museum, and State Central Museum of Contemporary History of Russia.

Moscow is a major educational center, with dozens of universities and specialized institutions of higher education. The largest and most prestigious is Moscow State University, founded in 1755. The Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian State Library, one of the world’s largest libraries, are also located in the city.

The leading sports complex in Moscow is Luzhniki Park, in the Vorobyëvy Hills. It was one of the main arenas for the 1980 Olympic Games. Dynamo Stadium on Leningrad Prospekt is the home ground for one of Moscow’s several football (soccer) teams. Most districts of the city have their own sports halls, swimming pools, and ice rinks.

The economy of Moscow, like that of Russia as a whole, was transformed after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. During the Soviet era the city’s economy was dominated by the manufacturing and engineering sectors. In the 1990s, as the formerly government-controlled economy shifted to one based on private ownership, these sectors declined dramatically and were largely replaced by service industries. The number of people employed in manufacturing in Moscow decreased by half from the late 1980s into the ’90s.

Nevertheless, Moscow remains the largest industrial center in Russia. Engineering and metalworking still rank among the city’s most important industries, designing and manufacturing such products as machine tools, ball bearings, automobiles, precision instruments, and electronics. Aerospace design and manufacture is one of the most important engineering sectors in some of Moscow’s surrounding towns. Oil refining, chemicals, food processing, and construction are also valuable industries.

Moscow’s wide-ranging service sector includes such industries as finance, retail trade, education, and research. As Russia’s economy was privatized, Moscow developed into a financial center, with dozens of banks and several securities exchanges. Most foreign investment in the Russian economy passes through the city’s financial institutions. The opening up of Russian society also spurred Moscow’s emergence as a major tourist destination.

Moscow is the hub of Russia’s transportation network. Rail lines radiate out in all directions, connecting the capital with other Russian cities as well as Central Asia and eastern and central Europe. These railways carry much of the country’s freight and are also vital to passengers commuting between Moscow and its suburbs. The Moscow Little Ring Railway and the Greater Moscow Ring Railway link the radial lines. For travel within the city, which is typically congested with traffic, public transportation is critical. The centerpiece of the mass-transit system is the Metropolitan (Metro) subway, whose lines copy the city’s radial street pattern.

A major river port, Moscow is connected to the Volga River to the north by a canal built in the 1930s. By means of this canal, shipping from Moscow can reach the Black, Baltic, and Caspian seas.

Moscow is served by two international airports: Sheremetyevo-2 to the north and Domodedovo to the south. Sheremetyevo-1 handles mostly domestic flights.

Archaeological evidence shows that a settlement existed on the site of present-day Moscow during the late Stone Age. The traditional date of the city’s founding, however, is 1147, when Prince Yuri Dolgoruky hosted a feast on the site. At the time, Moscow was a small settlement on the bank of the Moskva River. To protect the site, in 1156 Prince Dolgoruky built the original kremlin—a wooden fort atop earthen embankments.

Moscow developed into an important trading town. It was centrally located among the system of rivers that formed the trade routes across European Russia. Like most other Russian towns, Moscow was attacked on many occasions by the Mongols (Tatars), but it managed to survive. It was sheltered to a considerable extent by the surrounding forests and by the swamps of the Oka River to the east.

As Mongol power declined beginning in the 14th century, Moscow grew steadily in size and importance by absorbing surrounding principalities. It became the center of power of what was called the Grand Principality of Muscovy. Within the Kremlin, palaces for the prince and nobles, monasteries, and churches were erected. Outside the Kremlin walls, the trading and artisan quarter expanded. By the second half of the 15th century Moscow had become the undisputed center of a unified Russian state. Defensive brick walls more than a mile long were built around the enlarged Kremlin.

Despite its new fortifications, Moscow still faced attack. In 1571 the Crimean Tatars captured the town, burning everything but the Kremlin. New stone walls built between 1584 and 1591 helped Moscow turn back another attack by the Crimean Tatars in 1591. The next year an outer ring of earthen walls was built to protect the expanding city. In addition, such fortified monasteries as the Novodevichy and Donskoy were built to defend the city from the south.

These improvements in security allowed artisan activity to flourish. Different groups of tradespeople—for example, armor makers, blacksmiths, and weavers—occupied particular suburbs of Moscow. State workshops made weapons and gunpowder.

The development of Moscow was temporarily eclipsed by the founding of St. Petersburg in 1703 and its choice by Peter the Great in 1712 to be Russia’s capital city. Nobles, merchants, and artisans moved to St. Petersburg. However, Moscow soon began to recover from the loss of its role as capital. New industries, especially textiles, fueled economic growth. The city’s key role in Russia’s cultural life was enhanced by the founding of Moscow University (now Moscow State University), the country’s first, in 1755.

In 1812 Moscow was occupied by Napoleon ’s French troops. An accompanying fire leveled more than two thirds of the city’s buildings. Again, through a great rebuilding program, the city recovered rapidly. Moscow became the center of Russia’s railroads and developed heavy engineering and metalworking industries. The population reached nearly 1 million by 1897 and doubled to 2 million by 1915.

In 1918, following the Russian Revolution , Lenin moved the Soviet government to Moscow. The city thereby regained its status as capital. During the 1930s Joseph Stalin drew up a grandiose plan for the development of the city, but it was never completely fulfilled. The most successful venture was the Metro, begun in 1933.

Moscow suffered little damage in World War II despite the fact that German invaders reached the outskirts of the city. By 1939 the population had reached 4.5 million, and by 1959 it was about 6 million. To relieve overcrowding, much of the old housing around the historic core of the city was torn down and replaced by massive apartment blocks. A new development plan introduced in 1960 laid the groundwork for the city’s expansion in the coming decades. It required the careful designation of new residential areas, industrial zones, and green spaces and also annexed surrounding towns to the city.

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Moscow was at the forefront of Russia’s historic changes. Private enterprise and foreign investment led to a proliferation of new businesses as well as a skyrocketing cost of living and an increase in criminal activity, including organized crime. The city also experienced several deadly attacks by rebels seeking independence for Chechnya or other republics in Russia’s Caucasus region, including a hostage crisis at a theater in 2002 and suicide bombings in the Metro in 2010. Population (2013 estimate), 11,843,643.

Additional Reading

Brooke, Caroline. Moscow: A Cultural History (Oxford Univ. Press, 2006). Graham, L.R. Moscow Stories (Indiana Univ. Press, 2006). Kelly, Laurence. A Traveller’s Companion to Moscow (Interlink, 2005). Rice, Christopher, and Rice, Melanie. Moscow (DK, 2007).

It’s here: the NEW Britannica Kids website!

We’ve been busy, working hard to bring you new features and an updated design. We hope you and your family enjoy the NEW Britannica Kids. Take a minute to check out all the enhancements!

• The same safe and trusted content for explorers of all ages.
• Accessible across all of today's devices: phones, tablets, and desktops.
• Improved homework resources designed to support a variety of curriculum subjects and standards.
• A new, third level of content, designed specially to meet the advanced needs of the sophisticated scholar.
• And so much more!

Want to see it in action?

Start a free trial

To share with more than one person, separate addresses with a comma

Choose a language from the menu above to view a computer-translated version of this page. Please note: Text within images is not translated, some features may not work properly after translation, and the translation may not accurately convey the intended meaning. Britannica does not review the converted text.

After translating an article, all tools except font up/font down will be disabled. To re-enable the tools or to convert back to English, click "view original" on the Google Translate toolbar.

• Privacy Notice
• Terms of Use

Homework Hotline

Call 469-604-4921 or 469-431-3577

[email protected]  

Register Today for Homework Hotline

Child registration for free online tutoring services, to register, please take the time to fill out the information below:.

• Download PDF
• Share X Facebook Email LinkedIn
• Permissions

The Global Prevalence of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescents

• 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
• 2 Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
• Original Investigation Sex Differences in the Global Prevalence of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents Fiona Moloney, MD; Jasmine Amini, HBSc; Mark Sinyor, MD; Ayal Schaffer, MD; Krista L. Lanctôt, PhD; Rachel H.B. Mitchell, MD JAMA Network Open

Since the early 2000s, research has advanced observation and conceptual distinction of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), which is a strong predictor of later death by suicide. Now a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (Text Revision) category, detection of NSSI, has implications for preventing and intervening on suicidal behaviors. Elsewhere in JAMA Network Open , Moloney et al 1 define NSSI as “deliberate self-inflicted destruction of body tissue that results in immediate damage, for purposes not culturally sanctioned and without suicidal intent.” Findings summarize a pooled NSSI prevalence of 17.7% (21.4% among female adolescents and 13.7% among male adolescents) for adolescents aged 10 to 19 years and from 17 different countries in North America, Australia, Europe, and Asia. The main findings replicate previous systematic reviews and global meta-analyses that similarly conclude that adolescent NSSI prevalence ranges between 11.5% and 33.8% 2 : Gillies et al 3 report 16.9%, Swannell et al 4 report 17.2%, and Muehlenkamp et al 5 report 18.0%. The present study 1 advances the literature in several ways: (1) replicating gender differences—female adolescents being at higher risk for NSSI compared with male adolescents (21.4% vs 13.7%), 3 (2) reporting relatively higher NSSI prevalence in Asia (among male adolescents) relative to North America 2 and Europe; and (3) framing the scientific narrative to address developmentally informed public health prevention and intervention. We focus the remainder of our commentary on the latter.

In the past 2 decades, media exposure has become a part of everyday life and even more so a developmentally normative part of life for adolescents. Media and social media have also exponentiated opportunity for shared exposures to self-harm imagery worldwide. Moloney et al 1 allude to mitigating NSSI risk across cultures and regional boundaries by managing the portrayal of NSSI in the media and preventing consequences of contagion. They also posit that higher rates of self-harm may be linked to being exposed to self-harm imagery involving women more often than men. Indeed, in a systematic review and meta-analysis, Nesi and colleagues 6 found associations between several social media-related exposures and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs), including NSSI; these included cyberbullying, social media use related to SITBs, and problematic social media use.

Because media and social media use is ubiquitous to day-to-day adolescent life, yet a relatively novel tool to manage in the lives of those responsible for adolescents, we offer at least 3 evidence-based approaches to addressing NSSI risk globally. First, use media and social media platforms to identify individuals who view deliberate self-harm behaviors and detect excessive use of media in order to implement prevention strategies. Identification and detection of individuals at risk for NSSI extends to health care systems, professionals, and more broadly, adults involved in the lives of adolescents. We can offer supportive concern about adolescents’ stressors and experiences and offer opportunities to develop healthy social-emotional life skills. Second, work with social media and media companies to increase use of protocols that promote healthy reporting of and action on cyberbullying, resilient life skills, removal of content depicting self-harm, and access to prevention and intervention tools such as crisis hotline numbers. Third, implement evidence-based interventions using internet and media outlets for treatment of adolescents with NSSI. For example, researchers 7 designed an internet-delivered emotion regulation individual therapy (IERITA) that treats NSSI by directly teaching and reinforcing adaptive ways to respond to emotions. Adolescents were given an online and asynchronous therapist to answer questions, engage with, and assist with problem solving (including homework assignments), supplemented by a mobile app. Compared to adolescents who had face-to-face contact with a community clinician (treatment as usual), adolescents with IERITA intervention experienced an 82% reduction in NSSI frequency (vs a 47% reduction in treatment as usual only) after 12 weeks of media-based treatment. 7 Accessible media offers the potential to deliver evidence-based psychological treatments at low cost to adolescents with NSSI globally. Each of these global public health approaches accord with key suicide prevention interventions proposed in the World Health Organization Live Life framework. 8 Namely, NSSI risk can be addressed by media reporting, digital interventions, fostering social-emotional life skills, and early identification, monitoring, and management of adolescents presenting with suicidal behaviors.

Seventeen different countries and cultures showing similar prevalence of NSSI for adolescent females is a call to action from Moloney et al. 1 Twenty-four studies—13 from North America (1 from Mexico, 3 from Canada, and 9 from the US), 10 from Europe (1 from Switzerland, 1 from Sweden, 2 from Belgium, 3 from the UK, 1 from Norway, 1 from Portugal, and 1 from Finland), and 1 from Australia—showed that prevalence of NSSI among adolescents was significantly higher in female adolescents than male adolescents. At the same time, the finding of no sex differences in NSSI in 14 studies from Asia (1 from Jordan, 1 from Turkey, 7 from China, 2 from Taiwan, 2 from South Korea, and 1 from Nepal) show the intersection of sex, region, and culture in shaping self-harm behavior. These findings evidence the importance of further examining how social and mass media interventions can be tailored to address sex differences in risk for NSSI, as well as cultural norms shaping both emotion regulation strategies and help-seeking behaviors. These findings support WHO public health efforts to inform a broad public health approach to addressing self-harm and helping individuals with NSSI know that self-harm is common and is not just happening to them. 8 Instead, these data demonstrate that NSSI is both globally experienced and globally treatable.

Published: June 14, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.15406

Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License . © 2024 Denton EG et al. JAMA Network Open .

Corresponding Author: Ellen-ge Denton, PsyD, MS, Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden Blvd, Office: G.9207, Rochester, NY 14642 ( [email protected] ).

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

Funding/Support: Preparation for this manuscript was supported in part by the National Insititue for Mental Health (MH119264, MH11736001, and MH129414) and American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (YIG-0-006-20).

Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

See More About

Denton E , Álvarez K. The Global Prevalence of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescents. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(6):e2415406. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.15406

Manage citations:

© 2024

Select Your Interests

Customize your JAMA Network experience by selecting one or more topics from the list below.

• Academic Medicine
• Acid Base, Electrolytes, Fluids
• Allergy and Clinical Immunology
• American Indian or Alaska Natives
• Anesthesiology
• Anticoagulation
• Art and Images in Psychiatry
• Artificial Intelligence
• Assisted Reproduction
• Bleeding and Transfusion
• Caring for the Critically Ill Patient
• Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography
• Climate and Health
• Climate Change
• Clinical Challenge
• Clinical Decision Support
• Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience
• Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology
• Complementary and Alternative Medicine
• Consensus Statements
• Coronavirus (COVID-19)
• Critical Care Medicine
• Cultural Competency
• Dental Medicine
• Dermatology
• Diabetes and Endocrinology
• Diagnostic Test Interpretation
• Drug Development
• Electronic Health Records
• Emergency Medicine
• End of Life, Hospice, Palliative Care
• Environmental Health
• Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion
• Facial Plastic Surgery
• Gastroenterology and Hepatology
• Genetics and Genomics
• Genomics and Precision Health
• Global Health
• Guide to Statistics and Methods
• Hair Disorders
• Health Care Delivery Models
• Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment
• Health Care Quality
• Health Care Reform
• Health Care Safety
• Health Care Workforce
• Health Disparities
• Health Inequities
• Health Policy
• Health Systems Science
• History of Medicine
• Hypertension
• Images in Neurology
• Implementation Science
• Infectious Diseases
• Innovations in Health Care Delivery
• JAMA Infographic
• Law and Medicine
• Leading Change
• Less is More
• LGBTQIA Medicine
• Lifestyle Behaviors
• Medical Coding
• Medical Devices and Equipment
• Medical Education
• Medical Education and Training
• Medical Journals and Publishing
• Mobile Health and Telemedicine
• Narrative Medicine
• Neuroscience and Psychiatry
• Notable Notes
• Nutrition, Obesity, Exercise
• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Occupational Health
• Ophthalmology
• Orthopedics
• Otolaryngology
• Pain Medicine
• Palliative Care
• Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
• Patient Care
• Patient Information
• Performance Improvement
• Performance Measures
• Perioperative Care and Consultation
• Pharmacoeconomics
• Pharmacoepidemiology
• Pharmacogenetics
• Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology
• Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
• Physical Therapy
• Physician Leadership
• Population Health
• Primary Care
• Professional Well-being
• Professionalism
• Psychiatry and Behavioral Health
• Public Health
• Pulmonary Medicine
• Regulatory Agencies
• Reproductive Health
• Research, Methods, Statistics
• Resuscitation
• Rheumatology
• Risk Management
• Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine
• Shared Decision Making and Communication
• Sleep Medicine
• Sports Medicine
• Stem Cell Transplantation
• Substance Use and Addiction Medicine
• Surgical Innovation
• Surgical Pearls
• Teachable Moment
• Technology and Finance
• The Art of JAMA
• The Arts and Medicine
• The Rational Clinical Examination
• Tobacco and e-Cigarettes
• Translational Medicine
• Trauma and Injury
• Treatment Adherence
• Ultrasonography
• Users' Guide to the Medical Literature
• Vaccination
• Venous Thromboembolism
• Veterans Health
• Women's Health
• Workflow and Process
• Wound Care, Infection, Healing

Get the latest research based on your areas of interest.

Others also liked.

• Register for email alerts with links to free full-text articles
• Access PDFs of free articles
• Manage your interests
• Save searches and receive search alerts

The trial of US reporter Evan Gershkovich in Russia will begin June 26

MOSCOW (AP) — The espionage trial in Russia of Wall Street Journal reporter  Evan Gershkovich  will begin on June 26 and will be held behind closed doors, a statement from the court that will hear the case said Monday.

Gershkovich, a U.S. citizen, has been behind bars since his March 2023 arrest and faces 20 years in prison if convicted.

The trial is to be held in the Sverdlovsky Regional Court in Yekaterinburg, Russia’s fourth-largest city, where he was arrested. Gershkovich has since been held in Moscow’s Lefortovo prison, about 1,400 kilometers (870 miles) to the west.

The court said trial will be closed to the public, as is usual in espionage cases.

Gershkovich, 32, is accused of “gathering secret information” on orders from the CIA about Uralvagonzavod, a facility that produces and repairs military equipment, the Prosecutor General’s office said last week in the first details of the accusations against him.

The reporter, his employer and the U.S. government have denied the allegations, and  Washington designated him as wrongfully detained .

Russia’s Federal Security Service alleged that Gershkovich was acting on U.S. orders to collect state secrets but provided no evidence to back up the accusations.

“Evan has done nothing wrong. He should never have been arrested in the first place. Journalism is not a crime,” U.S. State Department spokesman Matthew Miller said last week. “The charges against him are false. And the Russian government knows that they’re false. He should be released immediately.”

The Biden administration has sought to negotiate Gershkovich’s release, but Russia’s Foreign Ministry said Moscow would consider a prisoner swap only after a trial verdict.

Uralvagonzavod, a state tank and railroad car factory in the city of Nizhny Tagil, about 100 kilometers (60 miles) north of Yekaterinburg, became known in 2011-12 as a bedrock of support for President Vladimir Putin.

Plant foreman Igor Kholmanskih appeared on Putin’s annual phone-in program in December 2011 and denounced mass protests occurring in Moscow at the time as a threat to “stability,” proposing that he and his colleagues travel to the Russian capital to help suppress the unrest. A week later, Putin appointed Kholmanskikh to be his envoy in the region.

Putin has said he believes a deal could be reached to free Gershkovich, hinting he would be open to swapping him for a Russian national imprisoned in Germany. That appeared to be  Vadim Krasikov , who is serving a life sentence for the 2019 killing in Berlin of a Georgian citizen of Chechen descent.

Asked by The Associated Press about Gershkovich, Putin said the U.S. is “taking energetic steps” to secure his release. He told international news agencies at an economic forum in St. Petersburg in early June that any such releases “aren’t decided via mass media” but through a “discreet, calm and professional approach.”

“And they certainly should be decided only on the basis of reciprocity,” he added, in an allusion to a potential prisoner swap.

Gershkovich was the first U.S. journalist taken into custody on espionage charges since Nicholas Daniloff in 1986 at the height of the Cold War. Gershkovich’s arrest shocked foreign journalists in Russia, even though the country had enacted increasingly  repressive laws on freedom of speech  after sending troops into Ukraine.

Alsu Kurmasheva , a reporter for U.S.-funded Radio Liberty/Radio Free Europe with dual U.S.-Russian citizenship, has been jailed since October awaiting trial on charges of failing to register as a foreign agent while collecting information about the Russian military.

The son of Soviet emigres who settled in New Jersey, Gershkovich is fluent in Russian and moved to the country in 2017 to work for The Moscow Times newspaper before being hired by the Journal in 2022.

U.S. Ambassador Lynne Tracy, who regularly visited Gershkovich in prison and attended his court hearings, has called the charges against him “fiction” and said that Russia is “using American citizens as pawns to achieve political ends.”

Separately,  U.S. soldier Gordon Black  is on trial in Vladivostok on charges of theft and threatening murder in a dispute with a Russian woman. Black, who was stationed in South Korea but visiting the Pacific Coast city, on Monday told a court that he denied the allegation of threatening murder but “partially” admitted to theft, according to the state news agency RIA-Novosti.

Copyright 2024 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.

Long-time basketball coach who resigned, to be hired by neighboring district

‘Justice for Eastyn’ March for Moorhead 3-year-old

Update: Former daycare owner sentenced on fraud charges

Fargo man arrested after breaking in to a residence in North Fargo

Three Jamestown teens face charges, accused in crime spree overnight

Latest news.

Mosquito spraying scheduled for Wednesday night

Actor Ian McKellen, 85, is looking forward to returning to work after his fall off a London stage

Half a million immigrants could eventually get US citizenship under new plan from Biden

Boeing CEO apologizes to relatives of 737 Max crash victims during Senate appearance

Assault on US avocado inspectors in Mexican state led to suspension of inspections