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6 Incredibly Easy Rainbow Science Experiments
![rainbow experiment video boys blowing bubbles, which is one way to make a rainbow](https://tinybeans.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/scienceexperiments_better-Bubble_cTremblay_MasJarSci.jpg?w=640)
If you can’t find one, make one of your own, right in your kitchen, porch, or stoop
No rainbow in the sky today? No problem. Just pick one (or all) of these easy kid-friendly science experiments with your rainbow-making know-how. From reflection (mirror) to refraction (water glass) to learning about density, we’ve found six science experiments to make or learn from the rainbow. If you want more ideas, check out our sidewalk science ideas or dry ice science experiments .
1. The Mirror Method
![rainbow experiment video rainbow experiment video](https://tinybeans.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/makearainbowwithaglass_juliazolotova_unsplash.jpg?w=640)
Lesson: Demonstrate the principles of reflection and refraction with this easy experiment . Light bending, aka refraction, takes place as light waves pass through the water. When you shine your flashlight (or position your glass so the sun comes in) you are bending the light waves, each one of the waves at slightly different angles resulting in the different colors of the rainbow. This is the same basic principle that occurs when water and sunlight create a rainbow in the sky. Reflection is the light bouncing off of the mirrored surface.
You will need:
A small mirror (like a compact mirror)
A glass of water (big enough to hold the mirror)
A flashlight (or sunlight)
A piece of white paper or a white wall
1. Put the mirror in the glass of water.
2. Turn off the lights and draw the curtains. Make sure the room is totally dark.
3. Shine the flashlight on the mirror and check out the cool mini-rainbows that appear above the mirror. Put your hand behind the glass for extra fun.
2. The Garden Hose Technique
![rainbow experiment video rainbow experiment video](https://tinybeans.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/garden-1037454_1920.jpg?w=640)
Lesson: Refraction, as above. This time, instead of using a mirror to reflect the light, you are going to basically mimic the natural formation of a rainbow by causing the water to hit the light in a fine mist.
A spray bottle or a hose
1. Put the hose on mist or grab your mister and spray it into an area of your yard/house/garden that has natural sunlight hitting it.
2. Let the kids ooh and ahh over your rainbow-making skills, then let each of them take a turn.
3. Water Density Rainbow
![rainbow experiment video Sugar water density science experiment is a good way to make a rainbow.](https://tinybeans.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/how-to-make-a-rainbow-sugar-water-density-tower.png?w=457)
Lesson: By adding more or less sugar to each water solution you are creating different density levels. When you add coloring to the glasses you will be able to see which solution is the heaviest. Add the colors in rainbow order to impress the kids. Visit Little Bins for Little Hands for the experiment that shows you how to make a rainbow.
Food coloring
Five glasses or plastic cups (clear)
4. The Glass o’ Water Approach
![rainbow experiment video rainbow experiment video](https://tinybeans.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/makearainbowwithaglassofwater_giorgiotrovato_unsplash.jpg?w=640)
Lesson: The most simple form of light bending, this lesson in the light waves is similar to #1 above.
A glass of water
A piece of paper
1. Put the glass of water in the sunlight.
2. Put the paper next to it.
3. Let the sunlight stream through the water and create a rainbow on the paper.
5. Advanced Glass o’ Water Approach:
A spray bottle
1. Put the glass of water on a table or windowsill where there is sunlight.
2. Put the piece of paper on the floor where the sunlight hits, in the line of the glass.
3. Spray the window with warm water where the sun is coming through, and so it lines up with the paper.
4. Move the glass and paper around until you see a neat little rainbow on the paper.
6. The Bubble Method
![rainbow experiment video boys blowing bubbles, which is one way to make a rainbow](https://tinybeans.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/scienceexperiments_better-Bubble_cTremblay_MasJarSci.jpg?w=640)
It doesn't get any easier than making a rainbow by blowing bubbles. You can use regular dish soap and a bit of water and shake ingredients inside a bottle, or just blow bubbles and observe. Want to up the fun factor? Make your own bubble mixture out of ordinary kitchen ingredients.
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Cool Science Experiments Headquarters
Making Science Fun, Easy to Teach and Exciting to Learn!
Science Experiments
Rainbow in a Jar Science Experiment
Want to make your own rainbow? In this simple science experiment, kids can build their own rainbow in a jar while exploring density, mass, and volume.
Watch our demonstration video, gather your supplies, and print out our detailed instructions to get started. An easy to understand explanation of how it works is included below.
![rainbow experiment video](https://coolscienceexperimentshq.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Rainbow-in-a-Jar-Science-Experiment-Step-4.jpg)
JUMP TO SECTION: Instructions | Video Tutorial | How it Works
Supplies Needed
- Tall Glass Jar
- Food Coloring: Red, Blue and Green
- 1/4 cup Honey
- 1/4 cup Blue Dish Soap
- 1/4 cup Water
- 1/4 cup Olive Oil
- 1/4 cup Rubbing Alcohol
- Jars for mixing and pouring
- Teaspoons for mixing
Rainbow in a Jar Science Lab Kit – Only $5
![rainbow experiment video](https://coolscienceexperimentshq.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Rainbow-in-a-Jar-Lab-Kit-Product-Image-1024x1024.png)
Use our easy Rainbow in a Jar Science Lab Kit to grab your students’ attention without the stress of planning!
It’s everything you need to make science easy for teachers and fun for students — using inexpensive materials you probably already have in your storage closet!
Rainbow in a Jar Science ExperimentInstructions
![rainbow experiment video](https://coolscienceexperimentshq.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Rainbow-in-a-Jar-Science-Experiment-Step-1.jpg)
Step 1 – Add one drop of red food coloring and one drop of blue food coloring to 1/4 cup of honey and stir until combined. This creates a purple color liquid. Pour the purple liquid carefully into the tall jar.
![rainbow experiment video](https://coolscienceexperimentshq.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Rainbow-in-a-Jar-Science-Experiment-Step-2.jpg)
Step 2 – Next add about 1/4 cup of blue dish soap to the tall jar.
![rainbow experiment video](https://coolscienceexperimentshq.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Rainbow-in-a-Jar-Science-Experiment-Step-3.jpg)
Step 3 – Add a few drops of green food coloring to 1/4 cup of water and mix until combined. Then, carefully pour the green liquid into the tall jar. Tip: When pouring in the green liquid, tilt the jar so the liquid runs down the side of the jar slowly.
Step 4 – Wait a few moments and then slowly pour 1/4 cup of olive oil into the jar. Again, be very careful when pouring in the liquid. Make sure to tilt the jar and pour very slowly so the colors don’t mix.
![rainbow experiment video](https://coolscienceexperimentshq.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Rainbow-in-a-Jar-Science-Experiment-Step-5.jpg)
Step 5 – Add a few drops of red food coloring to 1/4 cup of rubbing alcohol and mix until combined. Then, carefully pour the red liquid into the tall jar. Tip: I can’t stress enough how important it is to tilt the jar and pour slow. Otherwise, the colors will mix together and you won’t get a distinct rainbow.
Do you know why you were able to make the liquids form the rainbow in a jar? Find out the answer in the how does this experiment work section below.
Video Tutorial
How Does the Science Experiment Work
Density is the reason that this experiment works! Density is a measure of how much mass (or “stuff”) there is in a given volume. Density is a ratio of mass to volume and can be found by dividing an object’s mass by its volume (D=m/v).
Based on this equation, if the mass of something increases but the volume stays constant, then the density increases. Also, if mass decreases but the volume stays constant, then the density decreases. Density is all about how tightly packed the matter making up the material is in a given volume. Lighter liquids (like olive oil and rubbing alcohol) are less dense than heavier liquids (like honey and dish soap) because they have less matter in a given volume. Because olive oil and rubbing alcohol are less dense, they will float on top of liquids like water, dish soap, and honey. Liquids with a lower density will always float on top of liquids with a higher density.
All liquids have their own unique density. Water has a density of 1 g/mL (g/cm3). Objects will float in water if their density is less than 1 g/mL. Objects will sink in water if their density is greater than 1 g/mL.
I hope you enjoyed the experiment. Here are some printable instructions:
![rainbow experiment video Rainbow in a Jar Science Experiment](https://coolscienceexperimentshq.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Rainbow-in-a-Jar-Science-Experiment-Step-4-320x320.jpg)
Instructions
- Add one drop of red food coloring and one drop of blue food coloring to 1/4 cup of honey and stir until combined. This is create a purple color liquid. Pour the purple liquid carefully into the tall jar.
- Next add about 1/4 cup of blue dish soap to the tall jar.
- Then add a few drops of green food coloring to 1/4 cup of water and mix until combined. Then carefully pour the green liquid into the tall jar. Tip: When pouring in the green liquid, tilt the jar so the liquid runs down the side of the jar slowly.
- Wait a few moments and then slowly pour 1/4 cup of olive oil into the jar. Tip: Again, be very careful when pouring in the liquid. Make sure to tilt the jar and pour very slowly so the colors don’t mix.
- Add a few drops of red food coloring to 1/4 cup of rubbing alcohol and mix until combined. Then carefully pour the red liquid into the tall jar. Tip: I can’t stress enough how important it is to tilt the jar and pour slow. Otherwise the colors will mix together and you won’t get a distinct rainbow.
![rainbow experiment video Rainbow in a Jar Experiment Steps](https://coolscienceexperimentshq.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Rainbow-in-a-Jar-Experiment-Steps.png)
Reader Interactions
October 15, 2017 at 3:22 pm
It was cool. Was it density
October 30, 2017 at 11:33 am
Hi it was Cooooolllllll….. It was because of the density
June 12, 2018 at 10:22 am
my kids enjoyed this presentation. They are doing it for a stem project
March 25, 2019 at 3:41 pm
How long did this project take to make and how long did it last until the colors started to mix? Also, what would be the guiding question of an experiment like this?
March 2, 2023 at 11:46 am
1.This experiment took around 20 minutes to put together. 2. It lasts for as long as you need if nobody touches it. 3. A leading question to this experiment could be ” Will all of the ingredients mix while i am pouring?”
I hope this helped:)
January 23, 2020 at 12:41 pm
its amazing my students loved it!
March 2, 2023 at 11:40 am
I did this exact project for the science fair this year and I won 2nd place. I made a full board about destiny and I made a question saying ” If I do not tip the jar or if i pour too fast, will the colors mix? The answer is yes! The colors did mix whenever I didn’t tip the jar and the rubbing alcohol sank down and mixed with the green and then since the extra liquid was in the green it mixed with the blue dish soap and began to be a big bubbly mess! 🙂
June 12, 2023 at 10:15 am
Can you put a top on the jar, shake the jar, mixing the liquids, will the liquids separate after sitting for hours or days?
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Grow a Rainbow Experiment
![rainbow experiment video Kim](https://www.thebestideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Bio-Photo-Website-scaled-1-50x50.jpg)
Want to grow your own rainbow? Try this simple science experiment! You only need paper towel, water and washable markers. Kids will love to see their rainbow “grow” in this easy activity!
RELATED: Surprise Rainbow Activities
![rainbow experiment video Grow a Rainbow Experiment](https://www.thebestideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Growing-a-Rainbow-Experiment-for-Kids.jpg)
You will love seeing the rainbow come together in this simple science experiment! You can even do different patterns and colors too.
![rainbow experiment video Grow Rainbow Experiment](https://www.thebestideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Grow-Rainbow-Experiment.jpg)
Grow a Rainbow Experiment for Kids
Here is what you will need for this activity:
- Paper Towel
- Washable Markers
- 2 Small Glasses
![rainbow experiment video Growing Rainbow Experiment](https://www.thebestideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Growing-Rainbow-Experiment.jpg)
Watch the Full Video Tutorial Here
What is the science behind this experiment.
This science experiment is a great example of chromatography. Chromatography is a way of separating out a mixture of chemicals. If you ever got a paper with ink wet you would have seen the ink move across the page in streaks.
Capillary action makes the marker dye move up the paper towel. The water moves upward through the paper towel, lifting the washable dye molecules with it. Because the washable markers are water based, they disperse in water.
Set up a few different scenarios and hypotheses. For example, if you were to try this experiment without any dye, you would still see the water rising upwards towards the center of the paper towel.
If you were try this experiment with permanent markers it would not work. This is because the markers are not water based (they are alcohol based) so the dye in the marker does not travel with the water. You can also show that permanent markers will disperse with rubbing alcohol but not with water.
- You need absorbent paper towel or napkin – we used the brand Bounty
- You must use washable markers – make sure to check it’s washable as not all Crayola brands are washable
- Do not place the end of the paper towel too deep into the water or the dye will dissolve into the water instead of traveling up the paper towel
- The shorter the paper towel – the better it works as there is less for the marker dye to have to travel across
- Add lots of marker to the ends. You need lots of dye for it to travel upwards.
Growing Rainbow Experiment Instructions
1. Fold over a piece of paper towel (so you have 2 pieces on top of each other). Trim the length to be 7.5 inches (any longer and the rainbow may not connect fully).
TIP : The shorter your piece of paper towel, the better it will connect. Also make sure you are using an absorbent paper towel. We used Bounty.
![rainbow experiment video Measure Paper Towel](https://www.thebestideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Measure-Paper-Towel.jpg)
2. Draw rectangles of the rainbow colors on each end.
![rainbow experiment video Draw Colors on Paper Towel](https://www.thebestideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Draw-Colors-on-Paper-Towel.jpg)
You want to make sure to fill these colors in well so there is enough dye to travel across the paper towel.
TIP: Add lots of marker to the ends, you want a good amount of dye to travel up the paper towel.
![rainbow experiment video Draw Rainbow Colors on Paper Towel](https://www.thebestideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Draw-Rainbow-Colors-on-Paper-Towel.jpg)
3. Place 2 cups with water filled 3/4 full. You only want the bottom of the paper towel in so leave some space from the top of the cup.
![rainbow experiment video 2 Glasses with Water](https://www.thebestideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2-Glasses-with-Water.jpg)
Then place the paper towel into the cups, with one end in each cup.
TIP: Do not place the ends too deep in the water or the dye may dissolve into the water instead of moving up the paper towel.
![rainbow experiment video Place Paper Towel Into Water](https://www.thebestideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Place-Paper-Towel-Into-Water.jpg)
4. The washable marker dye with slowly make it’s way up with the water to meet the other side in the center of the paper towel.
![rainbow experiment video Place Both Sides Into Water](https://www.thebestideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Place-Both-Sides-Into-Water.jpg)
5. Leave the paper towel for 10-15 minutes and it will eventually connect the colors together.
![rainbow experiment video Let Rainbow Grow](https://www.thebestideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Let-Rainbow-Grow.jpg)
We love how simple this science experiment is! Expand on the learning by testing with permanent markers or just water to see what happens in those scenarios.
More Rainbow Activities
Your kids will also love to try these surprise rainbow activities !
![rainbow experiment video Final surprise rainbow](https://www.thebestideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Final-surprise-rainbow.jpg)
See this fun rainbow slime. Kids will love building a rainbow out of slime!
![rainbow experiment video Rainbow Slime](https://www.thebestideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Rainbow-Slime-Cover.jpg)
Make some rainbow playdough! This playdough recipe is super soft and lasts for months!
![rainbow experiment video Best Homemade Playdough](https://www.thebestideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Best-Homemade-Playdough.jpg)
For another fun rainbow activity, this rainbow rice is our favorite sensory bin!
![rainbow experiment video Rainbow Rice Recipe](https://www.thebestideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Rainbow-Rice-Recipe-Cover.jpg)
Related Ideas:
![rainbow experiment video Cloud Dough](https://www.thebestideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Cloud-Dough-Cover-198x165.jpg)
Cloud Dough
![rainbow experiment video Playdough Recipe](https://www.thebestideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Playdough-Recipe-Cover-198x165.jpg)
The BEST Playdough Recipe
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50+ Christmas Crafts for Kids
![rainbow experiment video Salt Dough Recipe for Ornaments & Handprints](https://www.thebestideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Salt-Dough-Recipe-for-Ornaments-Handprints-Cover-198x165.jpg)
Salt Dough Recipe
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8 comments on “grow a rainbow experiment”.
Me and my neighbors did the rainbow paper towel one and had lots of fun!
Hi can you pre color the paper towel? And do the experiment another day? We want to do it for a party and have it pre colored so all the kids have to do is dip it in water.
Yes that should still work!
I love it. Thanks. I’m doing this as a virtual library lesson for a 25 minute class. If anyone is pressed for time like me it actually works faster with an unfolded cheap paper towel <5 minutes.
BEST experiment crafts I have seen in a long while. I hunt down ideas for my grandchildren when they come to visit and these are all on point and they will love them Thanks. I will use all of them (except the rice) . GREAT ideas.
Thanks so much Lee!
What is the purpose of folding the paper towel in half (step 1)?
We found that the colors moved across the paper better when there are 2 layers.
![rainbow experiment video The Best Ideas for Kids logo](https://www.thebestideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/bestideaslogo-vertical-R-180.png)
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How to Make a Rainbow
November 4, 2015 By Emma Vanstone 2 Comments
Did you know the light around us ( white light ) is actually made up of all the colours of the rainbow?
What are the colours of the rainbow?
Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet
Why do rainbows form?
Rainbows are seen in the sky opposite the sun and are caused by the refraction ( bending of light ) and dispersion ( splitting up ) of sunlight in drops of rain or mist. Sunlight hitting the rain or mist is dispersed into its constituent colours. This is because the light is reflected at varying angles, creating a rainbow as the different colours refract and bend by different amounts. Each colour of the rainbow has a different wavelength.
![rainbow experiment video Colours of the rainbow - rainbow in the sky #scienceforkids](https://www.science-sparks.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/RealRainbow.jpg)
What is Refraction?
Refraction occurs when light bends as it passes through a transparent material, such as glass, prisms, or raindrops.
How to make a rainbow on a sunny day
Make a rainbow with a hosepipe.
If you have a spray bottle or hosepipe that can make a fine mist of water, you can make a rainbow on a sunny day.
Stand with your back to the sun and spray the hosepipe into the air. You might have to move it around to find the best angle for a rainbow.
![rainbow experiment video using a hosepipe on a sunny day to make a rainbow](https://www.science-sparks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Rainbow-in-hosepipe-water-1024x683.jpeg)
Why can you see a rainbow through water?
Tiny drops of water act like a prism, splitting light into individual colours depending on their wavelength. Violet light is bent ( refracted ) the most and red the least.
The bending of light is called refraction , and the splitting of light into a rainbow of colours is called dispersion .
If you have a sunny day, you can also use a prism to make a rainbow.
![rainbow experiment video Using a prism to split light into colours to make a rainbow.](https://www.science-sparks.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/DSC_00111.jpg)
Make a rainbow with a mirror
Try placing a mirror inside a glass and angling the glass so sunlight hits the mirror. You should be able to reflect a rainbow onto the wall.
Make a rainbow without the sun
Place a mirror inside a glass and shine a torch onto it until you can see a rainbow reflected onto the wall. You might have to adjust the angle of the glass to make it work.
![rainbow experiment video Make a rainbow with a mirror. Reflect light onto a well.](https://www.science-sparks.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/DSC_8146.jpg)
If you can make a room very dark, you might also be able to see a rainbow by shining a torch through a prism.
Find Rainbows in Bubbles
When white light shines through the bubble film, it is reflected and dispersed, which splits the white light into its different wavelengths allowing you to see all the colours of the rainbow in the bubbles .
Rainbow Crafts for kids
Make rainbow paper like The Science Kiddo
We love this rainbow scavenger hunt from Hands On as We Grow .
Or how about a giant collage like The Imagination Tree?
Suitable for Key Stage 2 Science
![rainbow experiment video](https://www.science-sparks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/How-to-make-a-rainbow-Pin-683x1024.jpg)
If you enjoyed these activities don’t forget we have 100s more science experiments for you to try!
Last Updated on July 4, 2024 by Emma Vanstone
Safety Notice
Science Sparks ( Wild Sparks Enterprises Ltd ) are not liable for the actions of activity of any person who uses the information in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources. Science Sparks assume no liability with regard to injuries or damage to property that may occur as a result of using the information and carrying out the practical activities contained in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources.
These activities are designed to be carried out by children working with a parent, guardian or other appropriate adult. The adult involved is fully responsible for ensuring that the activities are carried out safely.
Reader Interactions
November 05, 2015 at 4:50 am
Great. I once did that experiment, where i put mirror in the glass. Love that.
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Rainbow Science Experiments
Everything is brighter with rainbows even a rainy day because that’s the perfect time to hope to see one! Whether you are looking for a pot of gold at the end or love the way the colors combine, exploring rainbows through science and STEM activities is a great way to get started! Find a fun selection of simple to set up rainbow science experiments to try out all year long. Any time of the year is perfect for exploring rainbows!
![rainbow experiment video Rainbow science experiments and activities for kids STEM. Rainbow science activities include making slime, growing crystals, building rainbows, and erupting rainbows!](https://littlebinsforlittlehands.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/1-2-680x1020.png)
Explore Rainbows
Over the past year, we have explored rainbow and rainbow-themed science experiments. The difference? We have studied how real rainbows form and how light science plays a role in creating rainbows.
However, young kids also just love fun, rainbow-themed science activities that also showcase simple science concepts such as reactions , polymers , liquid density and crystal growing .
Below, we have included both kinds of rainbow science experiments. But before you get into all the fun, read on to learn some rainbow science.
How Rainbows Are Formed
A rainbow is formed when light passes through water droplets in the atmosphere. The water droplets break white sunlight into the seven visible spectrum colors. You can only see a rainbow when the sun is behind you and the rain in front of you.
There are 7 colors in the rainbow: violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red.
Make sure to look out for a rainbow next time it rains! Now, let’s try a rainbow science experiment or two!
Free Printable Rainbow Activities Guide and STEM Cards
Download this free mini Rainbow pack to get started today!
![rainbow experiment video rainbow experiment video](https://littlebinsforlittlehands.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/1-1-680x570.jpg)
Want to turn a rainbow science experiment into a rainbow science project? Check out our easy science fair project ideas!
1. Make A Rainbow
Grab some prisms, old CDs and more, and explore how visible light can split into the colors of the rainbow.
![rainbow experiment video rainbow experiment video](https://littlebinsforlittlehands.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/How-To-Make-Rainbows-Science-Activities-To-Explore-Light-and-Refraction-Science-Ideas.jpg)
2. Rainbow Crystals
Grow crystals using a classic crystal growing recipe with borax and pipe cleaners. This rainbow science activity really grows awesome crystals that are both sturdy and beautiful to look at. Create a science craft with a pipe cleaner rainbow design!
![rainbow experiment video rainbow experiment video](https://littlebinsforlittlehands.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Crystal-Rainbow-Science-1.jpg)
3. Erupting Rainbow Science Experiment
A classic reaction for simple chemistry and a mix of colors to create an erupting rainbow!
![rainbow experiment video rainbow experiment video](https://littlebinsforlittlehands.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Rainbow-Eruptions-Science.jpg)
4. Walking Water Rainbow
This walking water experiment is incredibly easy and fun to set up for kids. Watch the water travel as it makes a rainbow of color, and learn about capillary action too!
![rainbow experiment video rainbow experiment video](https://littlebinsforlittlehands.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/WALKING-WATER.jpg)
5. Build LEGO Rainbows
Explore symmetry and design with a rainbow LEGO building challenge.
![rainbow experiment video rainbow experiment video](https://littlebinsforlittlehands.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/LEGO-rainbow-activity.jpg)
6. Rainbow Density Experiment
Super easy kitchen science using sugar, water, and food coloring. Explore the density of liquids to create a rainbow.
![rainbow experiment video rainbow experiment video](https://littlebinsforlittlehands.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Sugar-Water-Density-Rainbow-Science-Experiment-680x1020.jpg)
7. Make Rainbow Slime
Learn how to make the easiest slime ever and create a rainbow of colors!
![rainbow experiment video rainbow experiment video](https://littlebinsforlittlehands.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/RAINBOW-SLIME-recipe-kids.jpg)
8. Rainbow Fizzing Pots
A leprechaun’s dream with a cool chemical reaction in mini black cauldrons!
![rainbow experiment video rainbow experiment video](https://littlebinsforlittlehands.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Fizzy-Pots-Leprechaun-Science.jpg)
10. Rainbow Oobleck
Oobleck is an awesome science activity for exploring non-Newtonian fluids. Do you know what a non-Newtonian fluid is or how it works? Learn more through this hands-on activity that uses basic kitchen ingredients.
![rainbow experiment video rainbow experiment video](https://littlebinsforlittlehands.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Rainbow-Oobleck.jpg)
11. Rainbow Solubility
Make this fun rainbow craft with a few simple materials and explore solubility in the process.
![rainbow experiment video rainbow experiment video](https://littlebinsforlittlehands.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Rainbow-Science-Craft-Activity-for-Kids.jpg)
12. Make a Spectroscope
A spectroscope or a spectrograph is a scientific instrument used to study the properties of light. It breaks light down into different wavelengths, called a spectrum. It works similar to how a prism splits white light into a rainbow .
![rainbow experiment video rainbow experiment video](https://littlebinsforlittlehands.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/3-1-520x521.jpg)
More Fun Science Topics To Explore
- Baking Soda & Vinegar Experiments
- Simple Machine Projects
- Chemical Reaction Experiments
- Density Experiments
- Water Experiments
- Capillary Action
![rainbow experiment video water experiments for kids](https://littlebinsforlittlehands.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/water-science-experiments-500-×-500-px.jpg)
Helpful Science Resources To Get You Started
Here are a few resources that will help you introduce science more effectively to your kiddos or students and feel confident yourself when presenting materials. You’ll find helpful free printables throughout.
- Best Science Practices (as it relates to the scientific method)
- Science Vocabulary
- 8 Science Books for Kids
- All About Scientists
- Free Science Worksheets
- Science Supplies List
- Science Tools for Kids
Printable Science Projects For Kids
If you’re looking to grab all of our printable science projects in one convenient place plus exclusive worksheets and bonuses like a STEAM Project pack, our Science Project Pack is what you need! Over 300+ Pages!
- 90+ classic science activities with journal pages, supply lists, set up and process, and science information. NEW! Activity-specific observation pages!
- Best science practices posters and our original science method process folders for extra alternatives!
- Be a Collector activities pack introduces kids to the world of making collections through the eyes of a scientist. What will they collect first?
- Know the Words Science vocabulary pack includes flashcards, crosswords, and word searches that illuminate keywords in the experiments!
- My science journal writing prompts explore what it means to be a scientist!!
- Bonus STEAM Project Pack: Art meets science with doable projects!
- Bonus Quick Grab Packs for Biology, Earth Science, Chemistry, and Physics
![rainbow experiment video rainbow experiment video](https://littlebinsforlittlehands.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Science-Sales-Image-680x880.jpg)
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I love using your projects with my grandson. I am now faced with distance learning for my students. I am a STEM teacher at an elementary school. A lot of your project lend themselves easily to distance learning. What is your position on using some of your projects in my Google Classroom? Please advise. Thank you.
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~ projects to try now ~.
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Walking Water Rainbow Science Experiment
Let’s make a walking water rainbow! There’s no better way for little scientists to learn about capillary action and color mixing than by making water walk (yes – walk!) in this colorful rainbow science experiment. This science experiment is a favorite of ours because it’s so easy to set up and the results are almost immediate.
Check out the simple step-by-step below and then gra b 30 more jaw-dropping (but easy prep!) science experiments kids will love from our shop!
![rainbow experiment video Walking Water Rainbow Science Experiment](https://thestemlaboratory.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Walking-Water-Rainbow-683x1024.png)
Getting Ready
To prep, I gathered our supplies:
- 6 wide-mouth glasses or jars
- Paper towels (use the kind where you can select a size)
- Food dye or liquid water colors (red, yellow, and blue)
I grabbed the six small glasses first . We’ve had success using wide-mouth drinking cups and canning jars, too. Even though they all worked, just remember that bigger glasses will need more food coloring.
![rainbow experiment video Walking Water Rainbow Science Experiment](https://thestemlaboratory.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/DSC_3074-750x500.jpg)
I ripped off six sheets of paper towel and folded each sheet in thirds, lengthwise.
We were using pretty small glasses, so I cut a few inches off the folded paper towel so it would fit in the glasses.
It’s a good idea to test your paper towel strip to make sure they fit properly in your glasses. They should be able to go from the bottom of one jar to the next without sticking up in the air too much. The paper towel on the left shows the just-right height. It’s important to set up this rainbow science experiment for success!
![rainbow experiment video Walking Water Rainbow Science Experiment](https://thestemlaboratory.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/DSC_3080-750x500.jpg)
Making a Rainbow
This colorful rainbow science experiment is so simple and quick, it’s perfect for even the youngest little scientists. My 3 year old, Q, couldn’t wait to get started.
First, I had him line up the glasses and fill the first one with a good squirt of red watercolor , the third with yellow, and the fifth glass with blue. We left the other glasses empty.
![rainbow experiment video Walking Water Rainbow Science Experiment](https://thestemlaboratory.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/DSC_2992-750x493.jpg)
Next, I helped Q add water to the glasses with color until the colored water almost reached the top.
We moved the glasses into a circle and added the paper towels . Starting with the red, we added one end of the paper towel and then put the other end in the empty glass next to it.
We continued around until the last paper towel was placed into the red glass.
![rainbow experiment video Walking Water Rainbow Science Experiment](https://thestemlaboratory.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/DSC_2998-750x502.jpg)
We saw the color wick up the paper towel right away. This rainbow science experiment doesn’t take long to get going!
![rainbow experiment video Cool science for kids! Make a magic water rainbow. My kids will love this!](https://thestemlaboratory.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Cool-science-for-kids-Make-a-magic-water-rainbow.-My-kids-will-love-this-750x500.jpg)
After another several minutes, the colored water had almost travelled the whole length of each paper towel.
![rainbow experiment video Awesome science experiment for kids! Make a walking water rainbow.](https://thestemlaboratory.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Awesome-science-experiment-for-kids-Make-a-walking-water-rainbow.-750x749.jpg)
Five minutes later, the water had traveled all the way up and then down the paper towel and was dripping into the empty glass.
The yellow and red water dripped into the empty cup to make orange! It made for a good lesson on color mixing.
![rainbow experiment video Cool science for kids! Make a walking water rainbow.](https://thestemlaboratory.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Cool-science-for-kids-Make-a-walking-water-rainbow.-750x500.jpg)
After another five minutes, we could see the water level had dropped in the red, yellow, and blue glasses and rose in the once empty glasses as the water continued to travel from the more full glasses to the less full glasses.
![rainbow experiment video Super cool science for kids! Make a walking water rainbow.](https://thestemlaboratory.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Super-cool-science-for-kids-Make-a-walking-water-rainbow.-750x500.jpg)
We grabbed a snack and watched our beautiful rainbow science experiment during the next 20 minutes. The water continued to walk from the primary colored glasses to fill the secondary-colored glasses until all the jars were filled equally.
![rainbow experiment video What an awesome science project for kids! Make a walking water rainbow with just a few simple supplies.](https://thestemlaboratory.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/What-an-awesome-science-project-for-kids-Make-a-walking-water-rainbow-with-just-a-few-simple-supplies.-750x1125.jpg)
Not Working?
If you aren’t seeing much movement within a few minutes, it may be that you need to add more water to your colored water glasses. It really needs to be almost at the top for the water to walk quickly. So try topping off those glasses and seeing if that gets things moving.
If you see the water moving up the paper towel but it seems like it’s taking forever , it may be the type of paper towel you are using. You want a paper towel that will really hold a lot of water. We have used Bounty Select-a-Size and Target’s Up and Up Brand Select-a-Size with success.
It really is worth the extra effort of trying different cups and paper towels to get this activity to work. And once you have had success, don’t throw out those beautifully-colored paper towels or the colored water! We gently squeezed out our paper towels and let them dry in a heap on a baking sheet. We ended up with gorgeous tie-dyed looking paper towels to use for crafts and we used the leftover water as watercolors for painting with later.
![rainbow experiment video I love the colors in this cool science activity! Make a walking water rainbow.](https://thestemlaboratory.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/I-love-the-colors-in-this-cool-science-activity-Make-a-walking-water-rainbow.-750x500.jpg)
The Science Behind It
This rainbow science experiment is as magic as the science behind it. The colored water travels up the paper towel by a process called capillary action . Capillary action is the ability of a liquid to flow upward, against gravity, in narrow spaces. This is the same thing that helps water climb from a plant’s roots to the leaves in the tree tops.
Paper towels, and all paper products, are made from fibers found in plants called cellulose . In this demonstration, the water flowed upwards through the tiny gaps between the cellulose fibers. The gaps in the towel acted like capillary tubes, pulling the water upwards.
The water is able to defy gravity as it travels upward due to the attractive forces between the water and the cellulose fibers.
![rainbow experiment video Cool science experiment for kids! Make a walking water rainbow.](https://thestemlaboratory.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Cool-science-experiment-for-kids-Make-a-walking-water-rainbow.-750x1125.jpg)
The water molecules tend to cling to the cellulose fibers in the paper towel. This is called adhesion .
The water molecules are also attracted to each other and stick close together, a process called cohesion . So, as the water slowly moves up the tiny gaps in the paper towel fibers, the cohesive forces help to draw more water upwards.
At some point, the adhesive forces between the water and cellulose and the cohesive forces between the water molecules will be overcome by the gravitational forces on the weight of the water in the paper towel.
When that happens, the water will not travel up the paper towel anymore. That is why it helps to shorten the length that colored water has to travel by making sure your paper towel isn’t too tall and making sure you fill your colored liquid to the top of the glass.
Rainbow Science Activity Extensions
Turn this demonstration into a true experiment by varying the water level (volume) you start with and seeing how long it takes the water to reach the empty glass.
Or start with the same volume of colored water and change the brand, type (single vs double ply, quilted vs not) or length of paper towel to see how long it takes for the water to “walk” to the empty glass.
You could even use the same volume of water, same length and brand of paper towel but vary the height of the filled glass , by raising them up on books, to see how that affects the speed of the water as it “walks” to the empty glass.
Have you had enough fun with the paper towels? Try using other paper products to see how the type of paper effects the results. Try toilet paper, printer paper, newspaper or a page from a glossy magazine. What do you predict will happen?
Grab a Record Sheet
Help kids keep track of their results by grabbing our free record sheet! Then grab 30 more jaw-dropping (but easy prep!) science experiments kids will love from our shop!
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Fizzy Rainbow Science Experiment
This fizzy rainbow science experiment just takes a few simple ingredients that you probably already have at home! This experiment is perfect for kids of all ages and is sure to bring some colorful fun to your day.
![rainbow experiment video Fizzy Rainbow Science Experiment](https://funlearningforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/FizzyRainbowPin-683x1024.jpg)
This baking soda experiment is sure to be a hit. Your kids will love watching all the different colors erupt in the baking soda!
Be sure to check out these Rainbow Science Experiments too!
Rainbow Walking Water Grow a Rainbow Skittle Rainbow Science Experiment
Fizzy Rainbow Science Experiment Instructions
To get started, you’ll need the following supplies :
- Shallow container or tray
- Baking soda
- Food coloring (red, blue, green, and yellow)
![rainbow experiment video Fizzy Rainbow Science Experiment Supplies](https://funlearningforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Pic1-1024x683.jpg)
1. Fill each cup or glass half full with vinegar.
2. Put a few squirts of the food coloring in the cups and mix with a spoon.
3. Fill up the tray with a layer of baking powder. Use a spoon to flatten out any chunks of baking soda.
![rainbow experiment video Food Coloring and Vinegar mixed.](https://funlearningforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Pic2-1024x683.jpg)
4. Using a dropper, squirt out the colored baking soda mixture onto the tray. You’ll want to move quickly as the reaction will start happening immediately and you don’t want to miss any of the fun.
![rainbow experiment video Drop some of the vinegar and food coloring mixture.](https://funlearningforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Pic8-1024x683.jpg)
5. Watch as the vinegar and baking soda mixture react, causing a fizzy eruption. As the reaction slows down, you’ll see the colors start to blend together, creating a beautiful fizzy rainbow effect.
![rainbow experiment video Baking Soda and Vinegar reaction.](https://funlearningforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Pic5-1024x683.jpg)
6. If you want to extend the fun, you can add more baking soda and food coloring to keep the reaction going.
![rainbow experiment video Fun baking soda reaction.](https://funlearningforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Pic4-1024x683.jpg)
Tips for this baking soda and vinegar experiment:
- This will stain, so put this on a tray or some kind of protective layer over your table.
- If you are not seeing a lot of bubbles, squeeze the mixture out of the droppers faster.
Fizzy Rainbow Science Experiment Video
How does this simple science activity work.
Not only is this experiment a blast to watch, but it also teaches us about chemical reactions and how different substances can interact with each other. The baking soda and the acid in the vinegar react when they interact with each other by trapping the carbon dioxide to form bubbles. The mix creates a liquid and a gas which become a foam.
![rainbow experiment video How does the science work?](https://funlearningforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Pic7-1024x683.jpg)
Plus, it’s an opportunity to practice our observation and prediction skills as we try to predict what will happen next.
So gather your supplies and get ready to create your own fizzy rainbow. Happy experimenting!
Printable Rainbow Math & Literacy Pack
These rainbow theme math and literacy centers are perfect for preschool, pre-k and kindergarten. Your students will have a blast with these fun rainbow activities for your math and literacy stations, centers, or homeschool units!
![rainbow experiment video Rainbow Math and Literacy Pack](https://funlearningforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Rainbow-Theme-Math-and-Literacy-Centers-00-1024x1024.jpg)
More Science Fun
Grow a Rainbow with this fun science experiment! This is quick to setup and you just need markers, a paper towel and two cups of water!
![rainbow experiment video Grow a Rainbow Science Experiment](https://funlearningforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Grow-a-Rainbow-Science-Experiment-Square-968x1024.jpg)
Your kids will love this fun skittles rainbow activity ! This also comes with free recording sheets to add to your lesson plans!
![rainbow experiment video Skittle Science](https://funlearningforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/SkittlesSmall.png)
Your kids will love watching the flowers change color with this color changing flowers science experiment !
![rainbow experiment video Color Changing Flowers](https://funlearningforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/ColorChangingFlowersSmall.png)
Looking more fun science experiments? Here are 30 fun science experiments your kids will love!
Science at Home for Kids
Easy and fun science experiments using household items! Follow us on Instagram @scienceathomekids for more cool science!
![rainbow experiment video](https://scienceathomekids.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/IMG_9536-750x485.png)
Rainbow Rain
This rainbow experiment is so cool, and I hope it will blow your minds as much as it did mine. Watching the bursts of color fall through the water is so mesmerizing, and I would watch it all day if I could. I hope you enjoy this experiment!
What you need:
- Food coloring
![rainbow experiment video](https://scienceathomekids.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/IMG_9520-scaled-e1593021830403-1024x768.jpg)
- Pour the oil into a bowl and add your favorite colors of food coloring.
![rainbow experiment video](https://scienceathomekids.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/IMG_9522-1024x1024.jpg)
- Using the spoon, stir together all the droplets of food coloring. Make sure to do the next step quickly so the droplets do not start combining to form one big, black blob of food coloring.
![rainbow experiment video](https://scienceathomekids.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/IMG_9523-1024x1024.jpg)
- Fill the jar with water.
![rainbow experiment video](https://scienceathomekids.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/IMG_9524-1024x1024.jpg)
- Pour the oil and food coloring into the jar. Wait a couple seconds, and then watch your rainbow rain fall throughout the jar!
What caused this rainbow rain?
Water and oil cannot mix because water is polar while oil is not. Food coloring is water based, which means it is made with water. When you pour the food coloring into the oil, it cannot mix with the oil. When you pour the food coloring and oil into the water, the food coloring separates from the oil and mixes with the water.
Really enjoyed this article, can you make it so I get an alert email when you write a new article?
Wonderful post, very informative! I wonder why I haven’t noticed this website before. You should continue your writing. I’m sure, you’ve a great readers’ base already!
Good post! I always love trying out your posts with my children. We always have a blast!
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Rainbow baking soda science experiment for kids
![Rainbow baking soda science experiment for kids Rainbow baking soda science experiment for kids](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlmaOEK5dta5h9XWAoRTL4tVyOEPKDRy6EdLJqit8dDa5wFWNC13yT0A4Ka2c4IDHTrFOaAL2QMcpYEX-aR2jqXsniTGdsGjap9k-Y-Kq38PT4ubwvrpTYWMvTxal1xdEzKxi3t-x4T5JN/s1600/rainbow-baking-soda-science-experiment-for-kids.png)
- rainbow walking water science experiment ,
- rainbow skittles science experiment ,
- colour changing flower science experiment .
![science experiment for kids science experiment for kids](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqscvCX91RoZZaiyQYhJOqduwBYbKmrVJ63GTFTRi1HmgwSXp0DFCkzCJSX5K2M6JWUTJnSGk03k49DzP7OIyM8S0uBo0spSM0uW6pkK3xU1XFNiNz-Z50TaA2UilAmEKqx4Y6w1CnZjAb/s1600/baking-soda-science-experiment-add-vingegar.jpg)
Rainbow Baking Soda Science Experiment
Supplies needed for your rainbow baking soda science experiment.
- 2-ounce paper cups (or any small containers you can find)
- Baking soda
- Food colouring
Directions to make yourrainbow baking soda science experiment
Step 1: gather your supplies.
![science experiment for kids - baking soda and vinegar science experiment for kids - baking soda and vinegar](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin018VTZX3huTEeqQnrpUGsEZXF74X5fqkcSgieUJVkBYV6cseQwezIGtqpocHaLjMA-WUvZE3cKJWywrxOV-JTiesh1Q7w-Ri_g364nFJ3r5fR_qi-95jTmMj0NSsvW-RTErg3JFMkZE3/s1600/baking-soda-science-experiment-supplies.jpg)
STEP 2: Prepare paper cups
![science experiments for kids - baking soda and vinegar science experiments for kids - baking soda and vinegar](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTSYDBqz62FeGsuAvZrHtBZqMhwmE1MW1j7Z4V1IL2FvB1O4v9m80lmn_SinVwpkAog7CG3nKzDZRz8UQpQRJv8HGj72vRDsggUxbjhzRVo6e1_NpqUn_R-ZrL0bA-77KFhp0lCbBFqOQH/s1600/baking-soda-science-experiment-fill-with-baking-soda.jpg)
STEP 3: Add food colouring
![rainbow science experiment rainbow science experiment](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-krkbXL_bUz8m269wV5NYoHcLVVxx1VUaWo-xlqPXjNi00igpSojN-mK8EYAuNSGjJfiQpp8Bem4z0DBx6fwESGsXHxdB5TrGfhPWcJbHzo-lJ0Qx2i5wCFJKvbRtvd4VvPKj7NMCzkVY/s1600/baking-soda-science-experiment-add-drops-food-colouring.jpg)
STEP 4: Add vinegar
![Baking soda and vinegar rainbow science experiment for kids Baking soda and vinegar rainbow science experiment for kids](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqscvCX91RoZZaiyQYhJOqduwBYbKmrVJ63GTFTRi1HmgwSXp0DFCkzCJSX5K2M6JWUTJnSGk03k49DzP7OIyM8S0uBo0spSM0uW6pkK3xU1XFNiNz-Z50TaA2UilAmEKqx4Y6w1CnZjAb/s1600/baking-soda-science-experiment-add-vingegar.jpg)
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Super Fun Rainbow Science Activities Just For Kids
March 8, 2018 by Editor Leave a Comment
Rainbows are one of my favorite parts of Spring. It usually means that the sun is shining and I’m always happy with that. Even though it usually means it is raining as well, but I’ll take the sunshine when I can get it! Incorporating rainbows in science activities is not only fun but super easy. These Rainbow Science activities are perfect for the classroom or at home. Most of them don’t require much prep but all of them will have kids smiling in science giddiness!
![rainbow experiment video These are super fun science experiments all about Rainbows. These are perfect for a rainbow unit or just for Spring fun!](https://preschoolinspirations.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/RAINBOW-SCIENCE-EXPERIMENTS.jpg)
Rainbow Science Activities
![rainbow experiment video](https://preschoolinspirations.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Rainbow-Discovery-Bottle-10.jpg)
Finally a rainbow discovery bottle that the colors don’t run together! I’ve been trying and experimenting for a while now and finally figured it out! It’s not quite liquid and not solid either. It’s a perfect combination of awesomeness! Want to make one of your own? The full tutorial is here .
![rainbow experiment video](https://preschoolinspirations.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Featured.jpg)
We’ve all done baking soda and vinegar experiments, right? This Baking Soda & Vinegar Reaction though is the most colorful I have seen and I can just imagine how excited kids will be to see the rainbow foam explosions!
Oil and water make science experiments super easy and fun. This Rainbow Jar is extra fun, not only because of the colors, but it is mesmerizing how the colors stack up on top of each other!
These candies are fun to eat but even more fun to play with. This Skittle Rainbow is beyond the best candy experiment I have seen. I could watch this for hours!
Chromatography is a fun way to incorporate science and art together. These Rainbow Filters are fun to create but then also fun to create with!
Did you know that dish soap can do magical things? This Magic Rainbow Milk is purely magical. The colors move seemingly on their own, but are they moving on their own?
When science and sensory connect, it is always a great activity. This Scented Rainbow Science is perfect for sensory seekers! Plus, adding the scent is probably the easiest part!
This Exploding Rainbow is exciting to create and even more exciting to watch. Kids will enjoy these hands-on mini ‘explosion’. Even if we know it is only a simple reaction, kids will love to pretend their rainbows are exploding!
There is something incredibly fun about swirling your hand around in a big bowl of soap foam! This Rainbow Foam Bubbles activity is not only a fun sensory activity but also helps teach about color mixing as well.
Rainbows are pretty but Giant Crystal Rainbows are even more beautiful. Kids will enjoy watching the crystals grow on their rainbow! It may take a day but the magic of the crystallizing process will not be lost!
This Fizzy Rainbow Slush takes baking soda and vinegar to a whole new level. Plus if it is hot outside, you can place this slush in the fridge for a while and the kids can play in cold slush!
This Rainbow Sugar Water Density shows that adding sugar to colored water can help the colors separate instead of mixing together, which is excellent for younger children. This is also a fantastic way to introduce or teach about density for older children!
Pumpkin Seeds are not only for fall. These Pumpkin Seed Discovery Bottles are rainbow all the way and is a go-to activity for any time of the year!
Do your kids love playing with ice? And melting ice with hot water? This Rainbow Ice Tower is filled with colorful items frozen into a tower and the excitement is getting them out! I can see kids being occupied for quite a while with this one!
Science these days is not complete without slime and this Rainbow Slime is a MUST. It is absolutely beautiful how the colors connect but don’t mold together. This recipe is anything but icky!
Just like with the skittles experiment above, this M&M Rainbows is mesmerizing! It is incredible how candy can taste AND look so beautiful!
I love how this Erupting Rainbow comes out of little test tubes. Kids will feel like real scientists even though this experiment is incredibly simple!
This twisted rainbow is sparkly in all the right ways. Kids will enjoy creating this Salt Crystal Rainbow and displaying it all Spring long!
Sometimes science is simple and other times it is purely magical. The art that this Rainbow Paper experiment can make is fantastic! This would be beautiful to put on the front of cards or notes!
This Walking Rainbow experiment has me screaming HOW in my head. I want to explore this experiment because it just looks unreal. Science is so fascinating and this is one of those worldly mysteries that would be fun to solve!
This Ice & Salt Rainbow actually creates craters. As pretty as it is, it can do crazy things when combined together. This would be a fun science activity to add to a small world play with dinosaurs or superheroes!
This Rainbow Colored Ants activity is purely fascinating. This would be a fun lesson to teach for either a bug unit or even Spring. Super interesting!
![rainbow experiment video Super Fun Rainbow Science Experiments perfect for Spring!](https://preschoolinspirations.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Square.jpg)
Rainbows are beautiful in the sky and can create magic in the real world. These Rainbow Science activities are a close second to being magical in the real world. Whether you are teaching a spring unit, teaching about the weather or just wanting some fun colorful activities – these science activities are sure to please!
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How to Make a Rainbow Experiment for Kids
If you are as infatuated with rainbows as we are right now, you will love this super simple science discovery for kids. Now, you and your kids can make a rainbow with items you most likely have in your kitchen drunk drawer. How cool is that?
![rainbow experiment video How to Make a Rainbow Experiment for Kids](https://lemonlimeadventures.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/How-to-Make-a-Rainbow-Experiment-for-Kids.jpg)
* This post may contain affiliate links for your convenience. Click here for my full disclosure.
We are full of rainbow love lately. From our simple flip a rainbow experiment to our rainbow parfaits, we pretty much have been taken over by rainbows in our house.
How to Make a Rainbow | Simple Science Experiment
CD Flashlight Black or white paper
Optional: Dish Water
![rainbow experiment video Materials to make a rainbow](https://lemonlimeadventures.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Materials-to-make-a-rainbow.jpg)
How to Make a Rainbow with Kids
There are a few ways you can make rainbows with kids and the discovery of what items work best is half the fun. We have tried a few methods here.
Making Rainbows with a CD and White Paper
With just a flashlight, white paper and a cd you can make a rainbow but it can be challenging. We found we needed the lights turned down but that makes it a little harder to take the pictures needed to show you this cool discovery activity.
![rainbow experiment video Making a Rainbow on White Paper](https://lemonlimeadventures.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Making-a-Rainbow-on-White-Paper.jpg)
Experiment with various methods of getting the light to reflect from the CD onto the paper. Do you see it? There is a small rainbow appearing.
Let’s try it with black paper, now….
Making a Rainbow with a CD and Black Paper
![rainbow experiment video Making a Rainbow with a CD and Black Paper](https://lemonlimeadventures.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Making-a-Rainbow-with-a-CD-and-Black-Paper.jpg)
The process for this one is pretty much the exact same as before, however this time you are reflecting onto black paper to see if you can make a brighter rainbow! Looks brighter to me.
Now, can we make a REAL Rainbow… You know the kind you see after rain? For that, I asked my children what we needed and they decided to add water to the discovery to see if they could make an even brighter and bigger rainbow.
Making a Rainbow with Water and a CD
Starting with a shallow dish, add a CD to the dish at a slant (we used silly putty to get ours to sit still). You can experiment with mirrors, metal, and CDs to see which ones create the best rainbows.
![rainbow experiment video Making a Rainbow Experiments for Kids](https://lemonlimeadventures.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Making-a-Rainbow-Experiments-for-Kids.jpg)
Use water to fill the dish with water until the CD is covered at least half way. Again, this is something you can mess with to see if it makes a difference in the intensity of the rainbow you create.
![rainbow experiment video How to make a rainbow with kids](https://lemonlimeadventures.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/How-to-make-a-rainbow-with-kids.jpg)
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- Published: 21 August 2024
Lysosomes drive the piecemeal removal of mitochondrial inner membrane
- Akriti Prashar 1 nAff6 ,
- Claudio Bussi ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-9396-9042 2 na1 nAff7 ,
- Antony Fearns ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-9937-8545 2 na1 ,
- Mariana I. Capurro ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-4560-7186 1 ,
- Xiaodong Gao 1 ,
- Hiromi Sesaki 3 ,
- Maximiliano G. Gutierrez ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3199-0337 2 &
- Nicola L. Jones ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-0739 1 , 4 , 5
Nature ( 2024 ) Cite this article
6492 Accesses
1 Citations
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- Membrane trafficking
- Mitochondria
Mitochondrial membranes define distinct structural and functional compartments. Cristae of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) function as independent bioenergetic units that undergo rapid and transient remodelling, but the significance of this compartmentalized organization is unknown 1 . Using super-resolution microscopy, here we show that cytosolic IMM vesicles, devoid of outer mitochondrial membrane or mitochondrial matrix, are formed during resting state. These vesicles derived from the IMM (VDIMs) are formed by IMM herniation through pores formed by voltage-dependent anion channel 1 in the outer mitochondrial membrane. Live-cell imaging showed that lysosomes in proximity to mitochondria engulfed the herniating IMM and, aided by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport machinery, led to the formation of VDIMs in a microautophagy-like process, sparing the remainder of the organelle. VDIM formation was enhanced in mitochondria undergoing oxidative stress, suggesting their potential role in maintenance of mitochondrial function. Furthermore, the formation of VDIMs required calcium release by the reactive oxygen species-activated, lysosomal calcium channel, transient receptor potential mucolipin 1, showing an interorganelle communication pathway for maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. Thus, IMM compartmentalization could allow for the selective removal of damaged IMM sections via VDIMs, which should protect mitochondria from localized injury. Our findings show a new pathway of intramitochondrial quality control.
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ORP1L mediated PI(4)P signaling at ER-lysosome-mitochondrion three-way contact contributes to mitochondrial division
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MIROs and DRP1 drive mitochondrial-derived vesicle biogenesis and promote quality control
Data availability.
All data supporting the conclusions of this study are available in the main text or Extended Data Figs. 1 – 10 . Full versions of blots and gels are provided in Supplementary Figs. 1 and 2 . Source data are provided with this paper.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by grants from the Canadian Institute of Health Sciences to N.L.J. (CIHR operating grant nos. 142228 and 173335). A.P. was supported by the Restracomp Fellowship (Hospital for Sick Children). H.S. is supported by NIH grant no. R35GM144103. M.G.G. is supported by Cancer Research UK grant no. FC001092, UK Medical Research Council grant no. CC2081 and Wellcome Trust grant no. CC2081. C.B. was supported by European Respiratory Society–Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant no. 713406. We thank S. Slaugenhaupt (Harvard Medical School, USA) for TRPML1-deficient mice. We thank T. Yoshimori (Osaka University, Tokyo) for generously providing the ATG14 −/− and ATG16L1 −/− MEFs. We thank M. R. Terebiznik (University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto) for engaging discussions, and K. Lau and P. Paroutis at the imaging facility at the Hospital for Sick Children for assistance with image analysis.
Author information
Akriti Prashar
Present address: NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
Claudio Bussi
Present address: School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore, Singapore
These authors contributed equally: Claudio Bussi, Antony Fearns
Authors and Affiliations
Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Akriti Prashar, Mariana I. Capurro, Xiaodong Gao & Nicola L. Jones
Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
Claudio Bussi, Antony Fearns & Maximiliano G. Gutierrez
Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Hiromi Sesaki
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Nicola L. Jones
Departments of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Contributions
A.P. performed and analysed all light microscopy imaging studies and immunoblots. C.B. and A.F. performed and analysed electron microscopy and CLEM studies. X.G. generated the MCU-mCherry-GFP construct and contributed to the generation of Trpml1 −/− MEFs. M.G.G. and N.L.J. contributed to project supervision. A.P., M.I.C., H.S., M.G.G. and N.L.J. designed the study. A.P. wrote the original draft. C.B., A.F., M.I.C., H.S., M.G.G. and N.L.J. contributed to manuscript writing and editing.
Corresponding author
Correspondence to Nicola L. Jones .
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Extended data figures and tables
Extended data fig. 1 cytosolic imm-derived vesicles lack matrix and omm..
a , TOM20 and NAO localization. Inner mitochondrial membranes were labeled with NAO (green) in cells expressing mito-BFP (cyan) and mApple-TOM20 (magenta). Higher magnifications of indicated regions are shown in Fig. 1a . b , Localization of TMRE (magenta), NAO (green) in cells expressing mito-BFP (cyan). Higher magnifications of indicated regions are shown. Arrowheads indicate mito-BFP − /NAO + /TMRE + vesicles. Right : Pixel intensity plots for dashed line. Arrow indicates the vesicle. c , NAO (green), mitotrackerCMXRos (mitotracker) (magenta) localization in cell expressing mito-BFP (cyan). Higher magnifications of indicated regions are shown. Arrowheads indicate mito-BFP − /NAO + /mitotracker + vesicle. Right : Pixel intensity plots for dashed line. Arrow indicates the vesicle. d , Percentage of vesicles positive for IMM markers NAO and mitotracker, but negative for mito-BFP from experiments as in ( c ) (n = 365 vesicles, 30 cells, 3 experiments). Data shown are mean ± SEM shown as large circles and individual data points from corresponding experiments are shown in the same color ( e ) Representative images from at least three independent experiments showing mitotracker (magenta) and TOM20 (green) localization. Higher magnifications of indicated regions are shown in Fig. 1c . Scale bars: main panels 10 μm, magnified panels 3 μm.
Source Data
Extended Data Fig. 2 Validating specificity of IMM in VDIMs.
a , Effect of fixation conditions on mitotracker + /TOM20 − vesicles. Cells labeled with mitotracker (100 nM, 15 min, 37 °C) were either fixed for 15 min at room temperature (RT), 4 °C overnight or at 37 °C in pre-warmed 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 min (n = 60 cells, 3 experiments). b , Effect of mitotracker concentration on mitotracker + /TOM20 − vesicles. Cells were stained with indicated concentrations of mitotracker (n = 62 cells for 50 nM, 64 cells for 100 nM, 53 cells for 200 nM, 3 experiments). c - g , Mitotracker + /TOM20 − vesicles are cell-type independent. Spinning disc confocal images of mitotracker + /TOM20 − vesicles in ( c ) AGS (n = 4 experiments), ( d ) NCI-H292 (n = 4 experiments), ( e ) HeLa (n = 2 experiments), ( f ) COS-1 (n = 2 experiments), and ( g ) Mode-K (n = 3 experiments) cells. For all images, numbers at the bottom indicate the number of vesicles (mean ± SEM), and higher magnifications from indicated regions from main panels are shown to the right. Inverse color micrographs for mitotracker channel are shown. Red circles indicate the mitotracker + /TOM20 − vesicles. h , i , Mitotracker does not label membranes non-specifically. Spinning disc confocal images showing localization of mitotracker (magenta) and ER specific Calnexin (green) ( h ), or Golgi specific GM130 (green) ( i ). Right : Pixel intensity plot for dashed lines. j , Schematic illustrating the protocol for depleting mitochondria from HeLa cells stably expressing Mito-dsRed and pEGFP-Parkin. k , Western blot showing the depletion of mitochondrial proteins in cells from ( j ). Right : Protein expression relative to actin. l , Spinning disc confocal images showing lack of mitochondrial labeling by mitotracker (magenta) in HeLa cells expressing mito-dsRed (blue) and pEGFP-Parkin (green), labeled with anti-TOM20 antibodies (cyan) in an experiment as in ( j ). Data shown are mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. Statistical significance was calculated using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparison test in ( a - b ), and two-tailed Student’s unpaired t-test in ( k ). P values calculated are shown. Gel source data for ( k ) are provided in Supplementary Fig. 1 . Scale bars: main panels 10μm, magnified panels 3μm.
Extended Data Fig. 3 VDIMs are derived from the IMM.
a - i , Localization of mitotracker along with markers associated with different mitochondrial compartments. a , b , Representative images showing localization of mitotracker (magenta) and OMM localized ( a ) Omp25 (green) and TOM20 (cyan), or ( b ) VDAC1 (green) and mEmerald-TOM20 (cyan). Higher magnifications of the indicated regions are shown in Fig. 1g . c , Representative images showing localization of mitotracker (magenta) and mitochondrial intermembrane space-localized cytochrome C (green). OMM was labeled with anti-TOM20 antibodies (cyan). Higher magnifications of the indicated regions are shown in Fig. 1h . d , e , Representative images showing localization of mitotracker (magenta), TOM20 (cyan) and mitochondrial matrix-localized ( d ) SOD2 (green) and ( e ) PDH (green). Higher magnifications of the indicated regions are shown in Fig. 1i . f - i , Representative images showing localization of mitotracker (magenta) in cells expressing mEmerald-TOM20(cyan) and mitochondrial IMM-localized ( f ) UCQCRC2, ( g ) Atp5α, ( h ) COXIV and ( i ) Atp5L (green). Higher magnifications of the indicated regions are shown in Fig. 1j . ( j ) Representative images showing MEFs labeled with mitotracker (magenta), anti-TOM20 antibodies (cyan) and high concentration of DAPI (5 μg/ml). Higher magnifications of indicated regions are shown in Fig. 1m . k , Localization of TOM20 (cyan) and mitotracker (magenta) in cells expressing TFAM-mScarlet (green). Higher magnifications of indicated regions are shown in Fig. 1o . l , Localization of TOM20 (cyan) and mitotracker (magenta) in cells expressing POLG2-tGFP (green). Higher magnifications of indicated regions are shown in Fig. 1q . m , Representative western blot showing the efficiency of Mic60 knockdown. Cells were treated with indicated siRNA. n , VDIM formation in cells treated with indicated siRNA. Mitochondria were labeled with mitotracker (magenta) and anti-TOM20 antibodies (green). Representative confocal images from three independent experiments ( a - l ) and four independent experiments ( n ) are shown. Gel source data for ( m ) are provided in Supplementary Fig. 1 . Scale bars: main panels 10 μm, magnified panels 3 μm. Red circles in the inverted mitotracker micrographs indicate the VDIMs.
Extended Data Fig. 4 VDIMs are distinct from MDVs and MDCs.
a , VDIMs are larger than MDVs. Size difference between the Tom20 (green) or PDH (cyan) positive mitochondria derived vesicles (MDVs) (indicated by open circles), and mitotracker + /TOM20 − vesicles (arrowheads). Bottom : Higher magnifications of indicated regions. b , Size difference between the Tom20 (green) or PDH (cyan) positive mitochondria derived vesicles (MDVs) (indicated by open circles), and mitotracker + /TOM20 − vesicles (arrowheads) in experiments as in ( a ) (n = 562 vesicles, 30 cells, 3 experiments for PDH + /TOM20 − vesicles; n = 605 vesicles, 30 cells, 3 experiments for PDH − /TOM20 + vesicles; n = 436 vesicles, 30 cells, 3 experiments for mitotracker + /TOM20 − vesicles). c , Representative spinning disc confocal images showing VDIM formation in WT and Drp1 −/− MEFs. Arrowheads indicate VDIMs. d , Number of VDIMs in WT and Drp1 −/− (KO) MEFs in experiments as in ( c ) (n = 80 cells, 4 experiments). e , Representative western blot (n = 4 experiments) showing loss of Miro1 expression in cells treated with non-targeting (NT) siRNA or siRNA against Miro1. f , Representative spinning disc confocal images showing VDIM formation in cells treated with NT or Miro1 siRNA an experiment as in ( e ). Arrowheads indicate VDIMs. g , Number VDIMs in cells treated with non-targeting (NT) or Miro1 siRNA in experiments as in ( f ) (n = 90 cells, 4 experiments). h , Representative western blot (n = 4 experiments) showing loss of sorting nexin 9 (Snx9) expression in cells treated with non-targeting (NT) siRNA or siRNA against Snx9. i , Representative spinning disc confocal images showing VDIM formation in cells in experiments as in ( h ). j , Number of VDIMs in cells treated with non-targeting (NT) or syntaxin 9 (snx9) siRNA in experiments as in ( i ) (n = 90 cells, 4 experiments). Data shown are mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. Statistical significance was calculated using two-tailed Student’s unpaired t-test. Gel source data for ( e , h ) are provided in Supplementary Fig. 1 . Scale bars: main panels 10 μm, magnified panels 3 μm.
Extended Data Fig. 5 VDIM formation for intramitochondrial QC.
a , VDIM formation is inhibited by quenching ROS. Representative spinning disc confocal micrographs showing the effect of NAC on VDIM formation. Red circles in the inverted color mitotracker micrographs indicate VDIMs. b , c , Representative confocal micrographs showing the effect of inducing oxidative stress on VDIM formation. Cells were treated with ( b ) oligomycinA, mitoTempo or oligomycinA+mitoTempo, or ( c ) with rotenone, mitoTempo or rotenone+mitoTempo. Mitochondria were labeled with mitotracker (magenta) and anti-TOM20 antibodies (green). Red circles in the inverted color mitotracker micrographs indicate VDIMs. d , Representative images showing oxidation of MitoCLox in cells treated with H 2 O 2. e , Representative images showing oxidized MitoCLox in VDIMs (n = 3 experiments). Right : Higher magnification of indicated regions. f , Ratio of oxidized/total MitoCLox in indicated regions from ( e ). g , Localization of 8-OHdG (green) with VDIMs (arrowheads). Bottom: Pixel intensity plot for dashed line. Arrow indicates the vesicle. h , Percentage of VDIMs positive for 8-OHdG in experiments as in ( g ). (n = 272 vesicles, 32 cells, 3 experiments). i , Representative spinning disc confocal images showing localization of TOM20 (cyan), mitotracker (magenta) and LAMP1 (green) in 143bρ 0 and 143bρ + cells. Cells were left untreated or treated with vehicle or Rotenone. Higher magnifications of indicated regions are shown to the right. j , Quantification of VDIM formation in 143b cells lacking mitochondrial DNA (ρ0) along with controls (ρ+) (143bρ 0 n = 70 cells for untreated, 63 cells for vehicle, 60 cells for rotenone and 143bρ + n = 66 cells for untreated, 61 cells for vehicle, 60 cells for rotenone, 3 experiments). Data shown are mean ± SEM shown as large circles and individual data points from corresponding experiments shown in the same colors. Statistical significance was calculated using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. P values calculated are indicated. Scale bars: main panels 10 μm, magnified panels 3 μm.
Extended Data Fig. 6 VDIMs are delivered to lysosomes for degradation.
a , Mitotracker (magenta), TOM20 (cyan) and LAMP1 (green) localization. Higher magnifications of indicated regions are shown in Fig. 3a . b , Localization of mitotracker (grey), TOM20 (cyan) and MCU-GFP-mCherry. Higher magnifications of indicated regions are shown in Fig. 3d . c , Left: Fluorescence, and Right: EM image of cell used for CLEM. Higher magnification of indicated region is shown in Fig. 3f . d , Live-cell imaging showing mito-BFP − /mitotracker + (magenta) vesicles being delivered to lysosomes labeled with dextran (green). Arrowheads indicate the VDIM pinching from the mitochondria and sorted to the lysosome. Images were acquired every 5 s. e - l , VDIMs are not partially degraded mitochondria. e , Representative spinning disc confocal micrographs showing the effect of bafilomycin (BafA1) on VDIM formation. Right : Higher magnifications of indicated regions. Red circles in inverted micrograph for mitotracker indicate the VDIMs. f , Representative spinning disc confocal micrographs showing the effect of chloroquine (CQ) on VDIM formation. Right : Higher magnification of indicated regions. Red circles in inverted micrograph for mitotracker indicate the VDIMs. g , Localization of mitotracker (magenta), TOM20 (cyan) in cells expressing Omp25-GFP (green), treated with vehicle (-) or BafA1. Arrowheads indicate the VDIMs. ( h ) Localization of mitotracker (magenta), TOM20 (cyan) and PDH (green) in cells treated with vehicle (-) or BafA1. Arrowheads indicate the VDIMs. i , Localization of mitotracker (magenta), TOM20 (cyan) in cells expressing SOD2-GFP (green), treated with vehicle (-) or BafA1. Arrowheads indicate the VDIMs. j , Percentage of mitotracker + /TOM20 − VDIMs positive for Omp25 in cells treated with BafA1 compared to vehicle treated cells from experiments as in ( g ) (n = 270 vesicles for vehicle, 503 vesicles for BafA1, 30 cells, 3 experiments). k , Percentage of mitotracker + /TOM20 − VDIMs positive for PDH in cells treated with BafA1 compared to vehicle treated cells from experiments as in ( h ) (n = 270 vesicles for vehicle, 503 vesicles for BafA1, 30 cells, 3 experiments). l , Percentage of mitotracker + /TOM20 − VDIMs positive for SOD2 in cells treated with BafA1 compared to vehicle treated cells from experiments as in ( i ) (n = 369 vesicles for vehicle, 500 vesicles for BafA1, 30 cells, 3 experiments). ( j - l ) Mean ± SEM are shown as large circles and individual data points from corresponding experiments are shown in the same colors. Statistical analysis was performed using two-tailed Student’s unpaired t-test. P values are indicated. Scale bars: main panels 10 μm, magnified panels 3 μm.
Extended Data Fig. 7 VDIMs are not multivesicular bodies (MVB).
a , Representative images showing mitotracker (magenta), TOM20 (cyan), LBPA (grey) in cells expressing LAMP1-GFP (green). Bottom : Higher magnification of indicated regions. Arrowheads indicate VDIMs lacking LBPA. Arrow indicates VDIM positive for LBPA. b , Number of VDIMs positive for LAMP1 or LBPA from experiments as in ( a ) (n = 243 vesicles, 30 cells, 3 experiments). c , Representative images showing mitotracker (magenta), TOM20 (cyan), CD63 (grey) in cells expressing LAMP1-GFP (green). Bottom : Higher magnification of indicated regions. Arrowheads indicate VDIMs lacking CD63. Arrow indicates VDIM positive for CD63. d , Number of VDIMs positive for LAMP1 or CD63 from experiments as in ( c ) (n = 167 vesicles, 17 cells, 2 experiments). e , Schematic illustrating lysosome and MVB fusion regulated by Arl8b GTPase. f , Localization of Lamp1 (magenta) and LBPA (green) in cells expressing GFP-Arl8b-WT (blue) or GFP-Arl8b-DN (blue). Right : Pixel intensity plots for dashed line. Arrows indicate LBPA negative lysosomes in cells expressing GFP-Arl8b-DN. g , VDIM formation in cells expressing GFP-Arl8b-WT (green) or GFP-Arl8b-DN (green). Higher magnification of indicated regions are shown where arrowheads indicate the VDIM. h , Number of VDIMs in cells expressing Arl8b-WT or Arl8b-DN in experiments as in (g) (n = 30 cells, 3 experiments). i , Number of LAMP1 positive VDIMs in cells expressing Arl8b-WT or Arl8b-DN in experiments as in ( g ) (n = 30 cells, 3 experiments). Data shown are mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was calculated using two-tailed Student’s unpaired t-test. P values calculated are indicated. Scale bars: main panels 10 μm, magnified panels 3 μm.
Extended Data Fig. 8 VDAC1 and TRPML1 mediate VDIM formation.
a , VDIM formation in cells treated with vehicle or VBIT-12. b , Representative western blot showing the efficiency of VDAC1 knockdown (n = 4 experiments). c , VDIM formation in cells treated with indicated siRNA. d , VDIM formation in cells treated with BAPTA-AM. e , VDIM formation in cells treated with apilimod. f , VDIM formation in cells treated with ML-SA1. g , Mitotracker (magenta), TOM20 (cyan) and PDH (green) localization in cells treated with VBIT-12 or ML-SA1. Arrowheads indicate the VDIMs. h , Percentage of mitotracker + /TOM20 − VDIMs positive for PDH in experiments as in ( g ) (n = 293 vesicles for vehicle, 535 vesicles for ML-SA1, 30 cells, 3 experiments for ML-SA1; n = 342 vesicles for vehicle, 302 vesicles for VBIT-12, 30 cells, 3 experiments). i , Mitotracker (magenta), TOM20 (cyan) in cells expressing Omp25-GFP (green) treated with VBIT-12 or ML-SA1. Arrowheads indicate the VDIMs. j , Percentage of mitotracker + /TOM20 − VDIMs positive for Omp25 in experiments as in ( i ). k , Validation of gene knockout in TRPML1 −/− MEFs. MLIV gene was amplified from WT and TRPML1 −/− MEFs and from DNA extracted from ear-notches of WT, KO and heterozygous (het) mice (n = 1). l , Representative confocal micrographs showing VDIM formation in WT and TRPML1 −/− MEFs. m , VDIM formation in TRPML1 −/− MEFs treated with BafA1. n , Effect of TRPML1 re-expression on VDIM formation in TRPML1 −/− MEFs. TRPML1 −/− cells transiently transfected with GFP or TRPML1-YFP were treated with vehicle or BafA1. Data shown are means from 3 experiments. Representative spinning disc confocal micrographs are shown in ( a , c - f , l - n ). For all fluorescence images, higher magnifications of indicated regions are shown to the right. Red circles on the inverted fluorescence micrographs for the mitotracker channel indicate the VDIMs. Gel source data for ( b ) are provided in Supplementary Fig. 2 . Scale bars: main panels 10 μm, magnified panels 3 μm.
Extended Data Fig. 9 VDIMs form independently of macroautophagy.
a , VDIM formation in MEFs lacking Atg5, Atg12, Atg14 and Atg16. Right : Higher magnification of indicated regions. b , VDIM formation in Atg5−/− MEFs. Representative confocal micrographs showing VDIM pinching off and being directly sorted into a lysosome. Right: 3D- reconstruction of indicated region. c , Effect of scavenging ROS on VDIM formation. Cells were treated with vehicle (−) or NAC (+). d , Number of VDIMs in cells in experiments as in ( c ) (n = 63 cells, 3 experiments). e , Effect of oxidative stress on VDIM formation. Cells were treated with vehicle, oligomycinA, mitoTempo or oligomycinA and mitoTempo together. f , Number of VDIMs in cells in experiments as in (e) (n = 75 cells for vehicle, 64 cells for oligomycinA, 73 cells for mitoTempo, 66 for oligomycinA+mitoTempo, 4 experiments). g , Effect of VDAC inhibition on VDIM formation. h , Number of VDIMs in cells treated with VBIT-12 in experiments as in ( g ) (n = 75 cells, 3 experiments). i , Representative images showing VDIM formation in cells treated with indicated siRNA. j , Representative western blot showing the efficiency of VDAC1 knockdown (n = 4 experiments). k , Number of VDIMs in VDAC1 depleted cells in experiments as in ( i ) (n = 136 cell for NT, 127 for VDAC siRNA, 4 experiments). l , Representative images showing the effect of BAPTA-AM on VDIM formation. m , Number of VDIMs in cells treated with BAPTA-AM in experiments as in ( l ) (n = 87 cells for vehicle, 67 cells for BAPTA-AM, 3 experiments). n , Representative images showing VDIM formation in cells treated with ML-SA1. o , Number of VDIMs in cells treated with ML-SA1 in experiments as in ( n ) (n = 66 cells for vehicle, 69 cells for ML-SA1, 3 experiments). p , Effect of VDAC1 inhibition on MCU-GFP-mCherry positive VDIMs. Cells expressing MCU-GFP-mCherry were treated with VBIT-12. q , Number of VDIMs positive for GFP+mCherry (yellow) and mCherry (red), indicating lysosomal quenching of GFP from experiments as in ( p ) (n = 412 vesicles for vehicle, 336 vesicles for VBIT-12, 30 cells, 3 experiments). r , Effect of TRPML1 activation by ML-SA1 on MCU-GFP-mCherry positive VDIMs. s , Number of VDIMs positive for GFP+mCherry (yellow) and mCherry (red), indicating lysosomal quenching of GFP from experiments as in ( r ) (n = 229 vesicles for vehicle, 194 vesicles for ML-SA1, 20 cells, 2 experiments). t - v , Localization of TOM20 (cyan) and mitotracker (magenta) with indicated autophagy markers. Cells were transfected with ( t ) mCherry-LC3 (green), ( u ) p62-mCherry (green), ( v ) mRFP-Ub (green). Higher magnifications of indicated regions are shown in Fig. 5e . Representative spinning disc confocal micrographs are shown in ( a , c , e , g , i , l , n , p , r ) where higher magnification of indicated regions are shown to the right. Red circles in inverted micrograph for mitotracker indicate the VDIMs. Data shown are mean ± SEM shown as large circles and individual data points from corresponding experiments shown in the same colors. Statistical significance was calculated using two-tailed Student’s unpaired t-test in ( d , h , k , m , o ), and One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparison test in ( f , q , s ). P values calculated are indicated. Gel source data for ( j ) are provided in Supplementary Fig. 1 . Scale bars: main panels 10 μm, magnified panels 3 μm.
Extended Data Fig. 10 VDIMs form by ESCRT-mediated, microautophagy-like process.
a , Representative images showing TOM20 (cyan), mitotracker (magenta) and LAMP1 (green). Higher magnifications of indicated regions are shown in Fig. 5g . b , Representative images showing localization of TOM20 (cyan), mitotracker (magenta) and TRPML1 (green). Cells were transiently transfected with TRPML1-YFP. Higher magnifications of indicated regions are shown in Fig. 5h . c , Localization of TOM20 (cyan) and mitotracker (magenta) in cells expressing mCherry-Parkin. Higher magnification of indicated region is shown in Fig. 5i . d , Effect of Parkin overexpression on VDIM formation. Cells were transiently transfected with (top) GFP or (bottom) pEGFP-Parkin. Red circles in inverted micrographs for mitotracker indicate VDIMs. e , Representative images showing VDIM formation in Parkin-/- MEFs compared to WT controls. Circles in the inverted mitotracker micrograph indicate the VDIMs. f - h , Representative images showing localization of TOM20 (cyan), mitotracker (magenta) and LAMP1 (green) in cells transiently transfected with ( f ) Tsg101-GFP (grey), ( g ) Chmp2a-GFP (grey) or ( h ) Chmp4b-RFP (grey). Higher magnifications of indicated regions are shown in Fig. 6a–c . i , Live-cell imaging sequence showing recruitment of Tsg101 (green) at sites of VDIM scission. Images were acquired every 5 s. Arrowheads indicate the VDIMs and arrows indicate the Tsg101 puncta. j , Representative images showing mitotracker (magenta), TOM20 (cyan) and ALG-2 (grey). Higher magnifications of the indicated regions are shown in Fig. 6g . k , Representative western blot showing the efficiency of Tsg101 depletion compared to non-targeting (NT) controls. l , Representative images showing VDIM formation in cells treated with Tsg101 siRNA compared to NT controls. Right : Higher magnification of indicated regions. Red circles in inverted micrograph for mitotracker indicate the VDIMs. All data shown are representative from three independent experiments. d , e , Representative spinning disc confocal images are shown. Gel source data for ( k ) are provided in Supplementary Fig. 1 . Scale bars: main panels 10 μm, magnified panels 3 μm.
Supplementary information
Supplementary information.
This file contains Supplementary Figs. 1 and 2 and legends for Supplementary Videos 1–11.
Reporting Summary
Peer review file, supplementary video 1.
Localization of VDIMs within lysosomes. 3D surface reconstruction of maximum-intensity projections showing mitotracker + (magenta)/TOM20 − (cyan) vesicles inside lysosomes labelled with LAMP1 (green).
Supplementary Video 2
3D reconstruction of CLEM. Z -projection of stacks corresponding to CLEM images showing VDIMs followed by 3D surface reconstruction. Cells expressing mito-BFP (blue) and LAMP1-GFP (green) were labelled with mitotracker (magenta). Fluorescence images were acquired, cells processed for electron microscopy and fluorescence and electron microscopy images were correlated.
Supplementary Video 3
VDIMs are delivered to lysosomes. Single z -plane time lapse of MEFs expressing matrix-localized mito-BFP (blue), labelled with mitotracker (magenta) and dextran (lysosomes, green). Lysosomes were labelled with 10 kDa dextran-Alexa Fluor 488 by overnight pulse and a 3–5 h chase. Images were acquired at 5 s intervals and processed automatically into deconvolved AiryScan images. Mitotracker + (magenta) vesicle, lacking BFP, pinches off from mitochondria and is taken up by the lysosome.
Supplementary Video 4
Lysosomal delivery of VDIMs. Additional example showing lysosomal delivery of a VDIM. Single z -plane time lapse of MEF expressing matrix-localized mito-BFP (blue), labelled with mitotracker (magenta) and dextran (lysosomes, green). Lysosomes were labelled with 10 kDa dextran-Alexa Fluor 488 by overnight pulse and a 3–5 h chase. Images were acquired at 5 s intervals and processed automatically into deconvolved AiryScan images. Mitotracker + (magenta) vesicle, lacking BFP, pinches off from mitochondria and is taken up by the lysosome.
Supplementary Video 5
VDIM formation by microautophagy-like mechanism. Z -stack showing the presence of LAMP1-labelled membranes (green) inside the lumen of lysosomes positive for mitotracker (magenta).
Supplementary Video 6
Tsg101 is recruited to VDIMs. 3D surface reconstruction of maximum-intensity projections showing Tsg101 (greyscale) recruitment at VDIMs.
Supplementary Video 7
Chmp2a-GFP is recruited to VDIMs. 3D surface reconstruction of maximum-intensity projections showing Chmp2a (greyscale) recruitment at VDIMs.
Supplementary Video 8
Chmp4b-RFP is recruited to VDIMs. 3D surface reconstruction of maximum-intensity projections showing Chmp4b (greyscale) recruitment at VDIMs.
Supplementary Video 9
ESCRT machinery contributes to VDIM formation. Single z -plane time lapse of a cell expressing Tsg101-GFP (greyscale), labelled with mitotracker (magenta) and dextran (lysosomes, blue). Lysosomes were labelled with Dextran Cascade blue (blue) by overnight pulse and a 3–5 h chase. Images were acquired at 5 s intervals and processed automatically into deconvolved AiryScan images. Mitotracker + (magenta) vesicle pinches off from mitochondria and is taken up by the lysosome. Tsg101 puncta is recruited before the mitotracker + lysosome pinches off.
Supplementary Video 10
ESCRT machinery contributes to VDIM formation. Additional example showing Tsg101 (green) recruitment to sites of VDIM scission. Mitochondria in cells expressing Tsg101-GFP (green) were labelled with mitotracker (magenta), and lysosomes were labeled with Dextran Cascade blue (blue) by overnight pulse and a 3–5 h chase. Images were acquired every 5 s.
Supplementary Video 11
Absence of ESCRT component Tsg101 impairs VDIM scission. 3D surface reconstruction of maximum-intensity projections from cells in which Tsg101 expression was depleted by siRNA. Mitotracker + (magenta)/TOM20 − (cyan) vesicles inside lysosomes labelled with LAMP1 (green).
Source data
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Prashar, A., Bussi, C., Fearns, A. et al. Lysosomes drive the piecemeal removal of mitochondrial inner membrane. Nature (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07835-w
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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07835-w
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Make a rainbow without the sun. Place a mirror inside a glass and shine a torch onto it until you can see a rainbow reflected onto the wall. You might have to adjust the angle of the glass to make it work. If you can make a room very dark, you might also be able to see a rainbow by shining a torch through a prism.
Walking Water Rainbow. This walking water experiment is incredibly easy and fun to set up for kids. Watch the water travel as it makes a rainbow of color, and learn about capillary action too! 5. Build LEGO Rainbows. Explore symmetry and design with a rainbow LEGO building challenge. 6. Rainbow Density Experiment.
This rainbow science experiment is as magic as the science behind it. The colored water travels up the paper towel by a process called capillary action. Capillary action is the ability of a liquid to flow upward, against gravity, in narrow spaces. This is the same thing that helps water climb from a plant's roots to the leaves in the tree tops.
Learn all about light refraction at home! Create your own rainbows with just a clear prism and sunshine in this beautiful and easy experiment from The Good a...
This walking water science experiment is so much fun and super easy to do! My kids absolutely loved it! It even comes with free printable recording sheets for kids as young as preschool! Check out the video to see how easy this walking water experiment really is. This rainbow activity is perfect for spring science!
1. Fill each cup or glass half full with vinegar. 2. Put a few squirts of the food coloring in the cups and mix with a spoon. 3. Fill up the tray with a layer of baking powder. Use a spoon to flatten out any chunks of baking soda. 4. Using a dropper, squirt out the colored baking soda mixture onto the tray.
A spoon. Steps: Pour the oil into a bowl and add your favorite colors of food coloring. Using the spoon, stir together all the droplets of food coloring. Make sure to do the next step quickly so the droplets do not start combining to form one big, black blob of food coloring. Fill the jar with water. Pour the oil and food coloring into the jar.
STEP 4: Add vinegar. Now for the fun part! Your baking soda science experiment is now set up and ready to go ! Pour vinegar into each cup and watch the colours erupt. The baking soda and vinegar will react as they come into contact to create a fizzy rainbow eruption! The kids will be amazed as the watch the baking soda explode and they will ...
Allow the milk to settle for a moment. Add one drop of each color of food coloring to the milk, forming a horizontal line of drops near the bottom of the plate. To make a simple, four-color rainbow, add the colors in the following order, going from left to right: red, yellow, green and blue.
Oil and water make science experiments super easy and fun. This Rainbow Jar is extra fun, not only because of the colors, but it is mesmerizing how the colors stack up on top of each other! These candies are fun to eat but even more fun to play with. This Skittle Rainbow is beyond the best candy experiment I have seen.
DIY Rainbow Science Experiment for kids with Ryan's World!!! Have fun having a walking rainbow out of paper! Fun kids activities to do at home and learn at t...
10 Awesome Rainbow Science Experiments for Kids. Rainbow Reactions are a great way to explore chemical changes and test hypothesis! Test and learn about density with this Rainbow in a Jar. These rainbow eruptions are perfect for any age! This might be one of the simplest demonstrations of how to make a rainbow, but still so awesome!
Making a Rainbow with Water and a CD. Starting with a shallow dish, add a CD to the dish at a slant (we used silly putty to get ours to sit still). You can experiment with mirrors, metal, and CDs to see which ones create the best rainbows. Use water to fill the dish with water until the CD is covered at least half way.
The walking water science experiment. Watch as water walks from glass to glass creating a rainbow. Hey Everyone and welcome back to the lab.In this video we ...
In this video, Twinkl Teacher Jack demonstrates Twinkl's "Grow A Rainbow" experiment for kids: https://www.twinkl.co.uk/l/12alca. Learn about the forces that...
Rainbow Bridge Vibratory Color / Sound Experiment - Video AlbumReleased July 19, 2024 Skip to main content We're fighting to restore access to 500,000+ books in court this week.
Rainbow pseudocoloured images for the indicated mitochondrial markers are shown. Representative images from three independent experiments are shown. ... Extended Data Fig. 6a and Supplementary ...
How To Make Rainbow At Home || #rainbow #sciencetrick #experiment#gorkhahacker#mrindianhacker#crazyxyz#tricksThe Science Behind The Video -White light is a c...