essay on art of andhra pradesh

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9 Art of Andhra Pradesh: Exploring India’s Beautiful Craft Capital

Explore the art of andhra pradesh, india’s art capital, where age-old traditions meet contemporary creativity, to showcase exquisite craftsmanship and vibrant heritage..

Art of Andhra Pradesh encompasses a rich tapestry of artistic expressions, spanning diverse mediums such as painting, sculpture, pottery, and textile arts like silk weaving. A hallmark of Indian art is its strong sense of design, evident in both its traditional and contemporary manifestations.

The roots of Indian art delve deep into antiquity, with evidence of artistic endeavours dating back to prehistoric settlements in the 3rd millennium BCE. Over the millennia, the Art of Andhra Pradesh has evolved, shaped by cultural, religious, and regional influences. Notably, sculpture in stone and metal, often depicting religious themes, has endured the test of time, offering glimpses into India’s rich artistic heritage.

Among the many regions renowned for their artistic prowess, Andhra Pradesh stands out as a veritable hub of creativity. Known for its delectable cuisine, including the famed biryani and haleem, Andhra Pradesh also boasts a distinctive tradition of craftsmanship, exemplified by the intricate art of Kondapalli wooden doll making and handloom weaving, among others. These crafts not only showcase the artisans’ skill and creativity but also serve as repositories of cultural heritage, preserving age-old techniques and traditions for posterity.

As we delve deeper into the artistic landscape of Andhra, we uncover a world where craftsmanship intertwines with cultural heritage, resulting in creations that captivate the senses and tell stories of a land steeped in tradition and innovation. Join us on a journey through the vibrant streets and workshops of Andhra Pradesh, where every brushstroke and weave speaks volumes about the enduring spirit of Indian artistry.

Kondapalli Dolls- Art of Andhra Pradesh

Located within the enchanting landscape of the Krishna district near Vijayawada, the age-old tradition of crafting Kondapalli toys continues to thrive, echoing the rich heritage and artistic prowess of the region. For centuries, artisans in the quaint Bommala Colony, aptly named Toys Colony, have meticulously preserved and passed down this cherished art form from generation to generation.

The legacy of Kondapalli toys spans over four centuries, deeply interwoven with the cultural fabric of Telugu society. Once renowned and cherished far beyond the borders of India, these toys hold a special place in the hearts of locals, their popularity transcending time and generations.

Legend has it that the roots of Kondapalli toy-making trace back to the ancient scriptures, with skilled artisans known as Aryakhastriyas or Nakarshalu, believed to have migrated to the region from Rajasthan in the 16th century. It is said that their craft was bestowed upon them by divine intervention, as they learned the art from the sage Muktharishi, blessed with artistic talents by Lord Shiva himself.

The process of creating Kondapalli toys is a labour of love and precision. Using softwood sourced from the nearby Kondapalli Hills, artisans meticulously carve each piece by hand, paying meticulous attention to detail. These individual pieces are then expertly assembled using a paste made from tamarind seed powder and sawdust known as makku.

The finishing touches involve adding intricate designs and vibrant colours, achieved through the use of oil, watercolours, or vegetable dyes. Each toy is not just a work of art but a testament to the craftsmanship, creativity, and cultural heritage of Andhra Pradesh, reflecting the enduring spirit of its artisans.

Handlooms- Art of Andhra Pradesh

The art of Andhra Pradesh has been celebrated since antiquity for its exquisite hand-woven textiles, a testament to the skill and artistry of its weavers. Among its most revered creations are the handwoven sarees, known for their unparalleled elegance and intricate designs. These sarees, adorned with richly woven ‘pallous’, showcase the mastery of Andhra’s weavers in creating timeless pieces of wearable art.

The borders of these sarees are often embellished with exquisite threadwork, typically crafted from precious metals such as gold or silver, adding a touch of opulence to the fabric. Each region in Andhra Pradesh boasts its unique style of handloom weaving, with distinct patterns, motifs, and weaving techniques that reflect the cultural heritage and traditions of the area.

Traditionally, Andhra Pradesh’s handloom industry primarily focused on producing fabrics woven from natural silk and cotton fibres. However, in response to changing consumer preferences and market demands, weavers have adapted their craft to create innovative blends of silk and cotton known as ‘cotton silk’ or ‘sico’. These hybrid fabrics combine the luxurious texture of silk with the comfort and durability of cotton, offering a versatile and modern alternative to traditional handwoven textiles.

The story of Andhra Pradesh’s handloom heritage is one of diversity and excellence, with various categories showcasing the best of the region’s weaving traditions. From the intricate designs of Kalamkari to the vibrant hues of Dharmavaram silk, each category represents a unique aspect of Andhra’s rich textile legacy, perpetuating centuries-old traditions while embracing innovation for the modern era.

Dharmavaram Silk Sarees- Art of Andhra Pradesh

Dharmavaram Silk sarees, hailing from Andhra Pradesh, are renowned for their superior craftsmanship, vivid hues, and classic charm, significantly contributing to the area’s cultural legacy. These sarees, originating from the town of Dharmavaram in the Anantapur district, boast a rich history of over 120 years, distinguished early on by their innovative dual-tone appearance, setting a new standard in ethnic fashion.

Crafted on handlooms using mulberry silk and zari, they feature elaborate borders, gradient pallus, and traditional patterns that capture Andhra Pradesh’s cultural depth. Over time, they’ve seamlessly integrated modern styles while retaining their heritage aesthetic, making them a favoured choice for weddings and festive occasions.

The creation of Dharmavaram Silk sarees demonstrates the local weavers’ extraordinary talent and commitment, a craft passed down through generations, enhancing its appeal both domestically and abroad.

Mangalagiri Silk Sarees- Art of Andhra Pradesh

Named after the picturesque village of Mangalagiri, nestled near Vijayawada, Mangalagiri sarees are renowned for their vibrant hues and minimalist elegance. Unlike many traditional sarees, Mangalagiri sarees eschew embellishments on the main body, focusing instead on their distinctive features: a striped golden pallu and intricate zari border. Their enduring popularity stems from their durability, crafted from smooth cotton with a simple yet timeless design, attracting admirers worldwide.

Mangalagiri sarees are crafted with meticulous attention to detail, typically woven using fine 80s combed cotton yarn for both warp and weft, with an additional warp design in the border, famously known as the “Nizam Border.” This unique design incorporates a blend of twill, rib, and diamond weaves, seamlessly arranged from the edge of the selvedge without interruption. Zari threads are intricately woven into the extra warp design, adding a touch of opulence to the saree.

Available in a plethora of resplendent colours and vibrant shot combinations, Mangalagiri sarees exude a timeless charm that transcends trends, making them a cherished addition to any wardrobe.

Venkatgiri Sarees- Art of Andhra Pradesh

Venkatagiri sarees, renowned for their exquisite craftsmanship, are predominantly fashioned from a blend of cotton and silk or pure silk, meticulously woven on traditional pit looms. This art of weaving, deeply rooted in the heritage of Venkatagiri, traces its origins back approximately 14 generations, believed to have commenced during the reign of the Venkatagiri Raja. Today, this timeless art of Andhra Pradesh engages approximately 70,000 individuals from the village, a testament to its enduring legacy.

To identify an authentic Venkatagiri saree, observe the unique zari embellishments along its borders and pallu. These sarees are crafted from high-quality cotton, known for their high thread count, which imparts a luxuriously soft and silky feel to the fabric.

Traditionally, members of the Padmashali community were primarily involved in this artisanal work, but over time, artisans from diverse backgrounds have embraced the craft. Spanning five generations, craftsmen have dedicated their lives to perfecting the art of Venkatagiri saree-making.

Situated in the quaint village of Venkatagiri within the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, the preference for raw materials has evolved over time. While cotton was previously favoured to suit climatic conditions, contemporary preferences lean towards pure silk, tailored to meet customer demands.

The production process involves sourcing raw materials from various regions across India, with cotton yarns procured from Coimbatore, silk yarns from Bangalore, zari from Surat, and dyestuffs from Chennai and Vijayawada. This amalgamation of materials from different corners of the country contributes to the unique charm and quality of Venkatagiri sarees.

Uppada Pattu Sarees- Art of Andhra Pradesh

Uppada Pattu Sarees, renowned for their distinctive craftsmanship, originate from Uppada, situated in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, near Kakinada. These sarees have their roots in the ancient art of Jamdani weaving, which dates back approximately 300 years in Bangladesh. However, with the decline of Jamdani weaving post the Industrial Revolution, artisans in Andhra Pradesh adapted these techniques to local designs and aesthetics, giving rise to the unique creation known as Uppada Pattu sarees.

In the creation of authentic Uppada sarees, silver zari is first immersed in liquid gold before being woven into the fabric. To recognize a genuine Uppada saree, one should examine the motifs on the reverse side, which should be as meticulously detailed as those on the front. The Uppada technique allows for an endless variety of patterns and designs, showcasing the versatility and skill of the weavers.

The intricate patterns and labour-intensive process are synonymous with woven textiles across the country, and Uppada Pattu Sarees are no exception. Each saree requires meticulous attention and can take anywhere from 10 to 60 days to complete, with artisans dedicating around 10 hours of labour each day to the weaving process.

The journey of creating a Uppada Pattu Saree begins with the meticulous planning of the weave on graph paper, followed by the weaving process where threads are meticulously arranged in a 100-count pattern. Working in pairs, two weavers collaborate on a single loom to intricately weave ornate patterns, often incorporating zari for added richness and elegance.

Tholu Bommalata (Leather Puppets)- Art of Andhra Pradesh

Tholu Bommalata, the leather puppet theatre originating from Andhra Pradesh, stands as a distinctive embodiment of both tangible and intangible cultural heritage within the art of Andhra Pradesh. Crafted from translucent goatskin, these puppets are notable for their grand size and vibrant hues.

Each puppet is a masterpiece of intricate detailing, adorned with vibrant colours and delicate perforations, capturing the eye with its vivid presence. Locally known as Tholu Bommalata, this traditional art form traces its roots back to the 16th century, flourishing under the patronage of Vijayanagara rulers.

Legend has it that Tholu Bommalata has its origins in the ancient theatrical form known as “Chhaya Nataka” or shadow drama, believed to have originated in Gujarat around a millennium ago before spreading to Maharashtra. Over time, it migrated across different regions of India, evolving and flourishing along the way. Today, the tradition of shadow puppet theatre thrives in states like Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, and Odisha, each region adding its own unique cultural nuances to this age-old art form.

Budithi Brassware- Art of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh boasts the distinctive Budithi art, a renowned form of metal handicrafts in India, originating from the Budithi village in the Srikakulam district. This art form is celebrated for its exquisite metalwork, blending traditional techniques with contemporary styles to produce stunning creations. The primary metal used in Budithi art is brass, known for its versatility and lustrous finish, which adds a timeless charm to the handicrafts.

What was once a cherished tradition in the village has now evolved into a thriving profession for the locals, thanks to the patronage of the state government and increased recognition. The repertoire of Budithi art includes a variety of items such as Bindelu (water containers), flower vases, utensils, and more. Moreover, brass is also utilized for crafting statues of deities, household utensils, and decorative pieces, further diversifying the range of products.

The popularity of Budithi art continues to soar, with its products sought after by collectors and enthusiasts alike. The price of these exquisite creations varies depending on factors like quality and design intricacy, making them accessible to a wide range of consumers while ensuring that each piece remains a testament to the skilled craftsmanship of Andhra Pradesh.

Bobbili Veena- Art of Andhra Pradesh

Renowned as the ‘Bobbili Veena’, the traditional ‘Saraswati Veena’ hailing from Bobbili is celebrated for its melodious tunes and unique resonance. Crafted with meticulous care, these veenas are fashioned from logs of jackwood sourced from Gollapalli, a town in Bobbili. The process of transforming a mute wood log into a finely tuned musical instrument spans nearly a month. Jackwood, prized for its lightweight nature and distinct grain, is preferred for its ability to produce quality tones.

The selection of wood is crucial, considering factors like thickness and strength, which contribute to the instrument’s overall quality. Known as ‘Ekandi Veena’, each instrument is carved from a single piece of wood, ensuring unity and resonance in sound production. These Veenas also stand out for their intricate designs adorning the body, adding to their exclusivity.

Dating back to the Seventeenth Century, Bobbili Veenas are played in a distinctive style, giving rise to the ‘Bobbili Veena Sampradayam’. Additionally, miniature versions of these Veenas, crafted with the same materials and attention to detail as their larger counterparts, serve as excellent options for gifts and collector’s items.

Udayagiri wooden cutlery- Art of Andhra Pradesh

The exquisite Udayagiri wooden cutlery stands as a testament to the transformative power of art, elevating the ordinary into objects of beauty and functionality. Crafted with precision, this collection from the Art of Andhra Pradesh includes finely carved spoons, forks, knives, and bowls, merging utility with ornamental allure. It’s a testimony to the notion that even the simplest tools of everyday life can be turned into regal pieces that enhance dining experiences.

Udayagiri, situated in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, has a rich history dating back to the 14th century when it was ruled by the Gajapatis of Odisha. The tradition of Udayagiri wooden cutlery emerged from the skilled hands of local artisans, nurtured under the patronage of royal families in the region.

Adorned with Persian-inspired motifs, the wooden cutlery reflects a blend of cultural influences and artistic ingenuity. This craft, spanning over 150 years, has been carefully passed down from one generation of artisans to the next. While traditionally a male-dominated craft, in recent years, more females have become involved in the design and development of these elegant creations, further enriching the legacy of Udayagiri wooden cutlery.

From vibrant textiles to detailed paintings and unique pottery, these crafts are not just products, but stories woven into the very fabric of Andhra’s culture. Let the art of Andhra Pradesh inspire you to explore further, appreciate the beauty in craftsmanship, and recognize the incredible diversity of India’s artistic heritage.

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Essay on Culture of Andhra Pradesh

Students are often asked to write an essay on Culture of Andhra Pradesh in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Culture of Andhra Pradesh

Introduction.

Andhra Pradesh, a state in southern India, is known for its rich and vibrant culture. This culture is a beautiful blend of various traditions and customs, reflecting the diversity of the region.

Traditional Art

The state is famous for its unique art forms like Kuchipudi dance and Tholu Bommalata, a shadow puppet theatre. They are integral to Andhra’s cultural identity.

Andhra cuisine is renowned for its spicy and flavorful dishes. The staple food is rice, often served with a variety of chutneys and pickles.

Andhra Pradesh celebrates numerous festivals, like Ugadi and Makar Sankranti, with great enthusiasm, showcasing the state’s cultural richness.

250 Words Essay on Culture of Andhra Pradesh

Art and literature.

The state is renowned for its contributions to Indian literature and art. Telugu literature, dating back to the 11th century, is rich in poetry, drama, and prose. The Kuchipudi dance form, an integral part of Andhra’s cultural identity, showcases the state’s artistic prowess.

Andhra cuisine is another cultural highlight, known for its spicy flavors and varied vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes. The state’s coastal location influences its cuisine, with seafood being a staple in many regions.

Festivals and Rituals

Festivals in Andhra Pradesh mirror the state’s cultural diversity. Celebrations like Ugadi (Telugu New Year) and Sankranti showcase the state’s rich customs and traditions. Rituals and ceremonies are deeply rooted in the state’s culture, reflecting the religious and spiritual beliefs of the people.

The culture of Andhra Pradesh is a testament to the state’s historical legacy and its vibrant, diverse populace. It is an intricate tapestry of traditions, beliefs, arts, and cuisines, reflecting the essence of India’s rich cultural heritage. As we delve deeper into understanding this culture, we uncover layers of history, society, and human creativity, making it a fascinating subject of study.

500 Words Essay on Culture of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh, a southern Indian state, is renowned for its rich cultural heritage that reflects the vibrant history of the region. The culture of Andhra Pradesh is a true manifestation of the real spirit of India as it blends traditions, religions, and modern influences.

Language and Literature

Art and craft.

The art and craft of Andhra Pradesh are renowned worldwide for their exquisite craftsmanship. Kalamkari, a unique art of painting on cloth, and Bidri Craft, a metalwork technique, are two notable crafts. The state also takes pride in its traditional dance forms like Kuchipudi, which originated here and is globally recognized.

Andhra cuisine is another integral part of the state’s culture. The food is known for its rich flavors, with a heavy use of spices and chillies. The traditional Andhra thali, a platter with a variety of dishes, is a gastronomic delight. The cuisine is not just about taste, but also about the traditional methods of cooking that have been passed down through generations.

Festivals and Traditions

Religion and philosophy.

Religion plays a pivotal role in the lives of the people of Andhra Pradesh. Hinduism is the dominant religion, but the state also has a significant population of Muslims and Christians. The state is home to many notable temples, like the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple. The philosophical thoughts of the region are deeply influenced by the teachings of spiritual leaders like Adi Shankaracharya.

In conclusion, the culture of Andhra Pradesh is a beautiful tapestry of rich traditions, vibrant art forms, profound literature, delectable cuisine, and deep-rooted religious beliefs. It is a testament to the state’s historical legacy and its ability to embrace change while staying true to its roots. The culture of Andhra Pradesh thus offers an enriching experience, making it a fascinating subject of study for anyone interested in understanding the diverse cultural landscapes of India.

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Culture of Andhra Pradesh - Explore the Dazzling Heritage of Land of Temples

Art & craft of andhra pradesh.

The art of Andhra Pradesh is not limited to being traditional or modern - you can find a variety of designs blended in different kinds of colours. There is something fresh about the paintings, handicrafts, and handlooms which are merely sub-categories of the art and craft found here. No other state can compete with Andhra in terms of its crafts and let's be honest, the state is bound to be incomplete without its existence. Right from when they are born, the Telugu people are trained to be experts in creating metal crafts, toys, saris, stone crafts, brassware and the like by following the traditional methods even today. Apart from Indians, people from all over the world to flock to Andhra Pradesh so as to experience this truly amazing form of art. The luxurious nature of the crafts of the state is a hit in India, as well as abroad, and is a huge income-generating source for the people of the state.

Ikat - Handlooms in Andhra Pradesh

The state of Andhra Pradesh is also very famous due to the skilful hand-weaving quality displayed by the local residents, especially Ikat. This practice of using and selling hand-stitched clothes is a traditional practice being followed till date. The state has some royal dress material and saris with intricate designs to offer. All the handmade designs are very delicate and carefully woven. Every sari is adorned with a 'pallu' and a thin border which is embroidered with some kind of golden thread work.  Exclusive to Andhra Pradesh, Ikat is renowned the world-over for its intricate designs and patterns which are also closely followed in Orissa and Gujarata. It originates in the villages of Nalgonda district and involves weaving randomly dyed yarns in a geometric or zigzag patter giving the finished cloth an unparalleled beautiful design. Ikat handlooms can be described as the jewel in the crown of Andhra Pradesh culture.

Handicrafts of Andhra Pradesh

Since a long time, India has been identified by its traditional handicraft items occupying a special place in the heart. Andhra Pradesh has been able to keep that spirit alive and is yet another place to offer some exotic and alluring handicraft designs to its visitors. This has been possible with the training that has been given to the involved professionals with care and dedication. The people of the state are in love with their culture and their work itself showcases it. The handicraft culture of Andhra Pradesh is known for the impeccable Banjara embroidery, wood carving and metalwork.

A painting is like portraying one's life on a two-dimensional whiteboard. The paintings found in the state represent the rich culture of Andhra Pradesh. To paint is a traditional practice which is followed by the people residing in the state. These paintings are not amateur but have a lot of skill and professional training imbibed within them which can be seen in their work itself. Earlier, the painting was done in a manner wherein natural colours were used on canvas to beautify it and make it look better.

Traditional Dances of Andhra Pradesh

A state which does not have dance as part of its culture can never be regarded as a culturally rich state. Andhra Pradesh is one such place which has always had a very rich culture. A collection of performing arts have originated here including dance, music, and drama. Dance is the most important kind of performing art which is why it has always been encouraged by people to be followed ever since the age of dawn. Kuchipudi is one of the most famous dance forms which is also recognized as one of the best kind of dance forms in the world. Kuchipudi undoubtedly has some similarities with another dance form that is, Bharat Natyam. Along with Kuchipudi, many other dance forms including Perini which is an amazing dance form have emerged from the state of Andhra Pradesh. Perini is like a warrior dance which is also known as the 'dance of Lord Shiva'.

Melodious Music of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh has always been known for its rich musical heritage. This land has given birth to three legends in the world of Carnatic music namely Shyama Sastri, Thyagaraja and Muthuswami Dixtar. Since the Telugu language is spoken by most people in the state, it is, therefore, able to bring out the originality and the true spirit of the Carnatic music. Some famous Carnatic music composers include Kshetrayya, Annamacharya and Bhadrachala Ramadasa. This type of music is also said to be begun by the Holy Gods. Another very famous kind of music which has said to be originated from Carnatic music is folk music. This art has been passed on to the descendants over the years. Every music has a distinctive feature meaning that every composition of music has a different version altogether. The musical element and the hidden meaning behind the song is what makes it more meaningful and attractive. Another feature which separates the Carnatic music from the rest of the music is the fact that the song is always able to bring out the personality of the song composer completely thereby increasing the level of the language in the music.

People Of Andhra Pradesh

Fairs and festivals in andhra pradesh, food of andhra pradesh.

The traditional food of Andhra Pradesh includes Pulihora which is tamarind rice, Poppadoms, Pesaratu, Sambar, Rasam, Payasam and the like.  Most of the Andhra cuisine is vegetarian but the coastal regions of the state serve very tasty and fresh seafood comprising of prawns and fishes. The cuisine of Hyderabad has been influenced a lot by the Nizams as well as marked by its rich flavours and textures. The Biryani of Hyderabad known as Mirchkasalan is famous all across the world. Nothing can be compared to the exotic taste of this aromatic dish. The Hyderabadi food has a lot of variety ranging from sour to sweet, hot to spicy. The food here is incomparable and is embellished with lots of dry fruits. Some other authentic dishes apart from Biryani include Chakna, Dalcha, Murghka Korma, Katti Dal and much more. Sweet dish after food is like a compulsion and this state lags nowhere behind in its sweet dishes which include Sheer Korma, Bandhar Ladoo, Putharekulu, Gajjar ka halwa etc which are prepared in pure ghee. 

Traditional Costumes of Andhra Pradesh 

The traditional dress which is worn by the inhabitants of a state is what truly identifies it and distinguishes it from the rest of the country/world. The state of Andhra Pradesh comprises of some of the best traditional clothes which are embellished with the designs which have begun to fade away in the world. A huge amount of cotton is produced in the state along with different dye extracted from the plants. Golconda mine is a very traditional place of the state which is home to the precious gems including Hope and Kohinoor diamond. Andhra Pradesh as a state has always been on the top for its jewellery and has dominated the jewellery market till 1826 when the diamond mines were also identified in another place called Rhodisia-Africa. If today there are 10 extremely valuable pieces of jewellery, 8 of them will have their origin from here. The Andhra Pradesh culture scene is also adorned by the fashion industry carrying half saris called voni, full saris which are designed through Bidri, Nirmal paintings and Kalamkari together having weaves of Pochampalli, Gadwal, Venkatagiri which bring out and portrays ancient traditions, as old as 3000 years. Some of the best gold jewellery models comprise of Vaddana, Buttlau, Aravanke and Kasula Haram which represent the upcoming tradition.

Architecture

Social Customs and Traditions

This post was published by Saumya Bansal

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Andhra Cultural Portal

The cultural network, interface, & database for the serious andhra person.

Andhra culture is one of India’s most ancient and vibrant. From its sophisticated literature to its beautiful music and dance to its ornate fashions, Andhra’s high culture and folk culture are second to none. High Culture encompasses the following Sections:

• Arts & Crafts

Architecture

• Cinema & Drama

At the heart of all of it however is the Telugu language.

To properly understand what makes the Telugu heart beat, one must recognize the love for the Mother Tongue.

Telugu Language

Maa Telugu Thalli ki malle puvvu danda

The Telugu language is one of India’s most ancient with an outstanding classical tradition. Though it is related most closely to Kannada, Telugu is the most sanskritised in India (85%). There are approximately 80 million telugu speakers in the world, making it the 14th most commonly spoken tongue. There are large Telugu diasporas in Mauritius, South Africa, Malaysia, and the United States.

The Telugu language is written in Telugu Lipi (which is a descendant of Maurya Era Brahmi Script). Grantha is an abugida, and thus, has a syllabic alphabet. Great poets and writers of the language include Vemana , Nannaya , and Tikkana . Thyagaraja is famous for his Telugu kirtanas and Annamacharya its greatest musical exponent.

It is with great reason that Krishna Deva Raya wrote “Desha bhasalandu Telugu lessa!” (“Of all the languages of India, Telugu is the best!”)

• Rao, P. Ragunadha. History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh: From the Earliest Times to 1991. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 2012
• http://www.ethnologue.com/language/tel

Litterateurs

• Satavahana Hala
• Baddena Bhadra Bhupala
• Mallikarjuna Panditaraadhya
• Palkuriki Somanatha

Yerrapragada

• Krishna Deva Raya & the Ashtadiggajas

Dr. C. Narayana Reddy

Pingali Nagendra Rao

• Dharmavaram Ramakrishnamacharya

Gurajada Appa Rao

• Viswanatha Satyanarayana
• Gurram, Jashuva

Litterateuses (female writers)

Princess Gangadevi

Madhuravani

Muddupalani

Andhra literature has the dual distinction of not only producing scholars of great merit in Telugu, but in Sanskrit as well. What’s more, some our greatest composers of literature were women. This tradition that began in the early medieval period, remains one of the defining characteristics of our culture and the honored place of women within it.

Andhra has produced some outstanding works in epic and romantic poetry, Telugu and Sanskrit. Indeed, it is as though the speakers of this honey-sweet language have an innate vocabulary pour la mot juste.

Seminal works of Telugu poetry include Vemana padhyalu, Palnati Veera Charitra, Veerabhadra Vijayamu, Mutyala Saralu, and Amuktamalyada .

Notable Andhra contributions to Sanskrit poetry are Raghuvira Caritra ,  Maduravijayam ,  and  Radhika Santhvanam .

Notable Telugu plays include Chitranaleeyam , Sarangadhara , Gayopakhyanam , Prasanna Yadavam , and Vijayanagara Samrajya Patanamu . More recent works include Pandava Udyoga Vijayalu, Prataparudreeyam, Satya Harishchandra, and Padukapattabhishekam, and above all, Kanyasulkam

Dharmavaram, Ramakrishnamacharya is regarded as the Andhra Nataka Pitamaha .

A comparatively new medium in Telugu literature is the novel. The Neetichandrika of Paravasty Chinnaya Suri is the first work of note and emerges from the early 19th century. It translated the first two books of the Panchatantra. The first true novel was the Rajasekhara Charitram by Chilakamarti Lakshmi Narasimham. This was followed up with Ramachandra Vijaya m and Hemalatha .

Other great novels include those by Viswanatha Sathyanarayana ( Veyipadagalu , Jebudongalu , and Ekavira ), Gurujada Appa Rao (Malapalli), and Buchibabu ( Chivaraku Migiledi ). Female novelists are particularly prolific in Andhra and include such writers as Malathi Chandur, Dr. Sri Devi, Yeddanapudi Sulochanarani, Madireddi Sulochana, Bina Devi and many many more.

 Satavahana Hala

The 17th Satavahana dynast in the pauranic king lists, Hala himself is called Kavi-vatsala (‘he who has parental affection for poets’). Considered to be religious, he is famous for his patronage of Prakrit over the more popular and elite Sanskrit of the time.

He was the compiler of and contributor to the Poetic Anthology Gathasaptasati (known as Gaha Sattasai in the Maharashtri Prakrit in which it is composed)

The court poet of King Narendra of the Vengi Chalukyas, Nannaya is regarded of as the first of the great Telugu poets. He began the magnum opus Andhra Mahabharatamu , which necessitated translation from Sanskrit to Telugu. This was accomplished in the early 11th century.

Two centuries after Nannaya, Tikka of Vikrama-Simhapuri (Nellore) completed the 15 remaining parvas of the Andhra Mahabharatamu.

The final Aranyaparva of the Andhra Mahabharatamu was rendered into Telugu by the poet Yerrapragada. The third of the Telugu Kavitrayam (poet trio) are highly regarded by all Andras alike.

Yerrapragada represented the culmination of the movement to reach the common men with the great poetry of Bharat. Other authors who followed include Palakuriki Somanatha, who composed Basava Puranam and Panditharadhya Charitra, which relied on a less Sanskritised and more common parlance Telugu to connect with the masses.

Gona Buddha Reddy followed suit and produced the first Telugu translation of the Ramayana into Telugu ( Ranganatha Ramayanamu ) under the auspices of Prataparudra I of Warangal. Shortly after came Mantri Bhaskara’s Bhaskara Ramayanamu .

Mallinatha Suri

Mallinatha stands alone as the Andhra who most made an impact outside his native region. Hailing from Telangana, he wrote commentaries on the great Sanskrit poems of Ancient India (Panchamahakavyas) analyzing the works of Kalidasa and many others. He also wrote the Sastric commentaries Tarala and Niskantaka.

Mallinatha also produced his own original works: Raghuviracarita , Vaisyavamsa Sudhakara , and Udara Kavya .

One of the master poets of Andhra, Srinatha’s works include Sringara Naisadam (translation of Sri Harsa’s sanskrit poem), Kasi Kandam , Bhimeswara Puranam , Harivilasamu , and Palnati Veera Charitra . The latter celebrated the famous battle on the Andhra Kuruskhetra, Palnadu.

Bammera Pothana

Pothana is considered to be the most beloved of Andhra’s mahakavis. Hailing from Waranal in Telangana region, he translated the Srimad Bhagavatam into Telugu and produced other great works such as Gajendra Moksham , Prahlada Charitra , Virabhadra Vijayamu , and Bhogini Dandakamu .

Krishna Deva Raya and the Ashtadiggajjas

Andhra Bhoja was not only a master of statecraft and war, but a poet . He composed the famous work Amuktamalyada in Telugu (a language–likely his Mother Tongue–which he adored). It is regarded as an excellent specimen of Telugu prabandha.

1. Alasanni Peddana

The poet laureate of KDR’s court, he is considered the Andhra Kavita Pitamaha . His most outstanding poem was the Manucharitramu .

2. Nandi Timmanna

Another of Andhra Bhoja’s Ashtadiggajalu, Timmana is best known for his work Parijathapoharanamu

3. Ayyalaraju Ramabhadra -Author of the Ramaabhyudayam

4. Madayagiri, Mallana -Wrote the Rajasekhara Charitramu

5. Ramaraju, Bhushana -Author of the Vasucharitra

6. Dhurjati -Penned the Kalahasteeswara Mahatmyam

7. Pingali, Surana -Wrote the Kalapurnodayamu

8. Tenali Ramakrishna -The most famous of KDR’s 8 court gems, TRK was more than just the court wit, but also an author in his own right having composed the Panduranga Mahatmyam .

After the prabandha , the most stylised Telugu literary form is the Satakam (collection of 100 poems), which was inherited from Sanskrit literature. Vemana’s satakams are the most famous, and he is considered the greatest poet of the post-Vijayanagara period . Originating from Rayalaseema , he is celebrated for his lyrical simplicity and pleasing style. His works are collectively known among Andhras as Vemana padhyalu .

Born in the Telangana region, Dr. Narayana Reddy is known for his synthesis of Urdu poetry styles with Telugu. He is also a highly respected lyricist of thousands of Telugu songs. He was honored with the Padma Vibhushan. His best known poetic work is Visvambara .

Famous Telugu poet and film lyricist.

Telugu Poetry took an innovative turn with the compositions of Gurajada Appa Rao. His anthology of poems, Muthyala Saralu (Garland of Pearls), produced not only a new type of poetry, but a new meter as well. It’s nationalistic sentiment exhorted the elite and masses alike and showed that Andhras were second to none in their passion for the Motherland. Other works of the great kavi include Puthadi Bomma Purnamma and Lavanya Raju Kala .

He also produced a splendid work of drama known as Kanya Sulkam . It was one of the first Andhra compositions that served as modern social commentary.

Gurram Jashuva

An honored Telugu Poet of Dalit background, Jashuva garu is best known for his work Gabbilam , which is an homage of sorts to Kalidasa’s famous play, Meghadutam . He was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award and the Padma Bhushan.

Hailing from Vinukonda, he was a social reformer, a conscience of the people, and a member of AP’s legislative assembly as well. Along with Telugu, he was a scholar in Sanskrit.

Litterateuses

One of the most eminent works of the Medieval period was  Maduravijayam . This Sanskrit epic poem celebrated the liberation of Madurai from the Sultans by Prince Kampana (son of Bukka Raya), and was produced by none other than his own wife, the Andhra princess Gangadevi.

It is only natural that a poet would produce a poetess. Krishna Deva Raya’s own daughter became a poetess in her own right and composed the Maricha Parinayamu .  She was the wife of Aliya Rama Raya.

One of the earliest poetesses in Telugu was not a princess, but in fact a potter by trade. Her name was Kummari Molla, and she is known for her popular work Molla Ramayanamu. 

Tallapaka Timmakka

The wife of Annamacharya, Timmakka was the composer of the poetical work Subhadrarjuniyam .

A great scholar and poet in the court of Ragunatha Nayaka of Thanjavur, Madhuravani stands out as an example of the many intellectual Andhra women who have contributed to Telugu literature. She translated Ragunatha Nayaka’s   Ramayanamu into Sanskrit and wrote other Sanskrit works such as Kumarasambhavam and Naishadam . She was recorded to have been able to write poetry in three languages.

The wife or lover of Vijayaraja Nayaka of Thanjavur, Rangajamma was the daughter of Pasupuleti Venkatadri. Her works include a composition of the Ramayana and the Bhagavata Saram . She was reputed to have been able to write a hundred verses at a time.

The Telugu-speaking poetess and courtesan at the Court of the Maratha king of Thanjavur, Muddupalani is known for her scholarship and erotic poetry. Also versed in Sanskrit, her two best-known works are Radhika-Santvanam and Ashtapadi . She is known for her knowledge of other Sanskrit works in Sringara rasa and a mistress of it in her own right.

Tarigonda Venkamamba

Considered one of the greatest devotees of Lord Venkateswara, Venkamamba was a child-widow whose devotion was so great, she would consider none other than Balaji to be her husband. She became a yogini after great study and moved to Tirumala where she was received honorably by the presiding Temple priests.

Her first poem was Venkamamba Nrusimha Sataka m. Other works include: Vishnu Parijatam, Chenchu Natakam, Rukmini Natakam, Jala Krida Vilasam, Mukthi Kanthi Vilasam, Gopi Natakam, Rama Parinayam, Sri Bhagavatham, Sri Krishna Manjari, Tatva Keerthanalu, Vashishta Ramayanam, Sri Venkatachala Mahathyam, Saram, and Ashtanga Yogam.

Kotikalapudi Seetamma

Kotikalapudi Seetamma was a Telugu literary figure in the colonial era. Her works include Ahalyabai , Sadhuraksha Satakamu , Bhaktimargamu , and Satidharmamu .

Folk mediums

• Yenki kathalu
• Rao, P.Ragunadha. History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh: From the Earliest Times to 1991. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 2012 (Appendix I)
• Lalye, P. G. Mallinatha. Sahitya Akademi, 2002
• http://www.loc.gov/acq/ovop/delhi/salrp/reddy.html
• Jain, Simmi, Encyclopedia of Indian Women through the Ages: The Middle Ages. Kalpaz Productions, 2003, p. 231
• Rao, N. Venkata (1978).  The southern school in Telugu literature .   University of Madras . p. 10.
• Vriddhagirisan, V.  Nayaks of Tanjore. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. 1995. p.160
• http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99dec12/sunday/head3.htm
• http://www.srivenkatesa.org/index.php/sankeertanams/61-tarigonda-vengamamba-the-great-poetess-devotee
• http://literaryindia.com/Literature/Indian-Literature/Telugu-Literature/telugu-literature.html
• http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/poet-jashuva-remembered/article6455215.ece
• http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/gurram-jashuva-remembered-on-119th-birth-anniversary/article6456173.ece

Arts and Crafts

Ancient and medieval.

Andhra’s contributions to Art cannot be gainsayed. The region played host to innumerable native style of painting, sculpture, and handicrafts that are truly world class. In fact, the region is famous for evolving the internationally recognized Amaravati School of Art and Architecture.

Thus, regional art truly came into its own in the Satavahana period and reached its apogee during the Vijayanagara empire.  The Kakatiya era saw a large degree of patronage to Andhra artists, which gave rise to many artforms and crafts still en vogue today.

The medieval period saw incorporation of new influences from foreign arrivals that led to new aesthetic palates and styles. Native born styles such as Kalamkari changed in response to new patronage (were even given new names), yet remained 100% Andhra in their origin and structure.

Lepakshi Nandi

Amaravati School

The Legendary Amaravati School of Art originates in Andhra. One of the 3 great Ancient Indian styles, its impact was felt not only within India (as seen in the Ajanta cave Paintings), but in many parts of Asia as well.

Ceiling in the Temple of Lepakshi

Traditional Crafts

Budithi Brassware

Pembarthi Metalwork

Pembarthi village in Warangal District of Telangana is the home of a particular style of sheet-metal workmanship. This craft adorns the vigrahas (statues) and vahanas (chariots) in temples.

The Warangal region is famous for producing artisans specializing a in a woven form of Art known as Durries . These come in many styles such as  Tie and Dye, interlocking , andJacquard, Lahari, Sitammajada, Mogga, and Diamond Fish.

Kalamkari colours are made from vegetable dyes. In addition to themes from the epics, Kalamkari leitmotifs comprise different forms of the lotus flower, the carwheel, parrots, an interlacing pattern of leaves and flowers.

Kondapalli Bommalu

  Modern Andhra art cannot be mentioned without the matchless contributions of the artist, Bapu.

Born Sattiraju Lakshminarayana, Bapu is widely considered the most famous modern artist from Andhra. His aesthetic has touched such varied mediums as painting, illustrations, caricature, film, serials, graphics, and calligraphy. He is best known for his uniquely Andhra style of life art that is steeped in tradition  and , as even his website notes, depicts ” the true Indian and Telugu culture”.

Following in Bapu’s footsteps, Bali has carved out an impression of his own on the Andhra people. He too has made his mark in the realm of painting and sketching, but above all, as an illustrator and cartoonist.

•   http://www.lepakshihandicrafts.gov.in/
• http://bapuartcollection.com/

Ancient Architecture in Andhra was truly grand in conceptions and execution. So distinguished are the traditions that art historians recognize the native style of the Amaravati School of Art that characterized the Satavahana period.

Amaravati Stupa

Frieze of the Amaravati Stupa

Thousand Pillar Temple of Hanamakonda (interior)

Thousand Pillar Temple of Hanamakonda (exterior)

Lepakshi Temple dating to the Vijayanagara Period

Srisailam Temple

Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple in Mangalagiri

• Rao, P.Ragunadha. History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh: From the Earliest Times to 1991. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 2012
• http://srisailamtemple.com/Srisaila_devasthanam/history.html

Andhra high fashion is ancient in origin, traditional in outlook, yet open-minded in aesthetics.  The region is home to many famous styles of Saree and Jewelry, the most famous being Pochampally . Individual towns and villages have become celebrated for their production of distinctively styles of fashion.

Ladies’ Fashion

Sarees are the most popular, traditonal, and elegant of female attire in Andhra and India. Not only can they be worn in many different ways, but they come in many different styles, each typically focused around a particularly town or village where weavers tailor them.

Venkatagiri

Venkatagiri  originates from  a village in   Nellore District .  They were initially made only for the Royal families, and that too, on special order.  

There are three main varieties of Venkatagiri sarees: Venkatagiri 100, Venkatagiri Pattu, & Venkatagiri Silk.   Characteristics are that it is,  Soft,  Durable,  Light-weight, and  Crisp, with opulent, golden Jari borders  

Iddhi padaharu annalu Andhrula aada bhadachu kattey cheera

“This the marquee saree of the dignified Andhra lady”

  “The Saree of Queens”

Pochampally

A village & mandal in Telangana’s Nalgonda district, Pochampally is known for its very unique print. There is more handwork involved than other sarees. It is considered the most intricate .

The most notable aspect of this saree is the Ikat weaving , which is the unique contribution of Telangana region. It is part of the common heritage of Telugus and originates specifically from Nalgonda district. While the weaving is done in a zig-zag style, the dyeing itself is random.

  Saree of the Stylish lady

Dharmavaram

Madhavaram is a village in Kadapa District that is etched in the popular imagination. While the Jilla in general is known for its temples, forts, poets, and artisans, the Saree of one of its most famous villages is no less significant.

Madavaram pattu cheera is the all-purpose saree.

It is called this because it is easy to maintain. The colors are usually in the range of red and black. The patterns are usually alternating squares, but floral designs were later introduced as seen below. Pink and pale blue are also used.

The All Purpose Saree of the Andhra Lady

Gadwal Sarees are from the town of same name in Palamooru district (Mahbubnagar),  Telangana state. If Venkatagiri is luxurious and dignified , then Gadwal is the most impressive saree from Gulti-land. It’s considered a mark of high status .

The brocade weaving skills have been traced by some to Varanasi, though they are said to show no signs of the Banarasi style, and is considered authentically undivided Andhra.  While the cotton typically comes from Bangalore and the gold jari from Surat, it is pure Telangana and Telugu .

The colors are very unique ( gacchakayyi rangu you don’t see anywhere–”neither green nor grey” color as shown by model above).

As soon as you see, You can tell it’s Gadwal!

Narayanapeta

The Narayanapeta represents classy comfort. I t is the  “business casual saree” .  

Woven in both   silk  and   handloom  varieties, Narayanapeta fabrics are a specialty from the  Telangana   region of Andhra Pradesh.  Chhatrapati Shivaji   is said to have entered the town of Narayanapeta during his many campaigns and brought a number of weavers with him. These handloomers decided to settle there and joined hands with the existing local weavers and infused this unique style with Maratha motifs.

The trademark of a Narayanapeta saree is that it has a triangular embroidery ( sikhara ) that is repeated at the border. The border itself will feature a  khadi-anchu  (a plain double line that strikes through the border).

  “Business casual saree”

Uppada is small Village in Kothapalli Mandal of East Godavari District  in Andhra Pradesh . It is near the port City of Kakinada and is famous for its prawn curry.

Currently all the rage in fashionable and filmi circles, the Uppada saree is truly the trendiest variety on the market.

“ This is the trendy saree for the Telugu lady of Today ”

Mangalagiri

Langa Voni – Rustic attire that is casually worn as blouse with Dupatta with skirt. It is most traditionally worn by young girls in Andhra.

Men’s Fashion

Paaga -Turban

Kanduva -Shoulder Shawl

Chokka -A uniquely Indian style of shirt, the Chokka is common in Andhra Pradesh.

Dhoti/Pancha -Known more commonly as dhoti, this All India form of traditional men’s wear is called “Pancha” in Andhra. Though more common in earlier eras, it is still commonly seen, especially during festival time or special occasions.

Lungi -Virtually synonymous with the men of the South, the Lungi is a staple for traditional casual wear in Andhra.

Pondur u -The finest khadi in all of India. It was reputedly Mahatma Gandhi’s favorite variety. It is made only in a small village in Srikakulam district.

• http://www.aptourism.in/
• http://www.onlytravelguide.com/andhra-pradesh/arts-crafts/
• http://hinduonline.co/HinduCulture/IndianTraditionalCostume.html

1. Sankranti in January.

Makara Sankaranthi is the Hindu Festival marking the  Winter Solstice . This is the beginning of the period known as Uttarayanam where the Sun will rise in the Zodiac until the Summer Solstice. As per Hindu astrology/astronomy, the Sun enters Capricorn, or “Makara” rasee.

It is also considered the  Harvest Festival  in most parts of India, and so there is great feasting.

2. Maha Shivaratri in February/March.

3. Ugadi or the Telugu New Year in March/April.

Telugu (and Kannada/Marathi) New Year is based on the sidereal calendar (combination of Lunar, Solar and Stellar positions), and begins on this day. Ugadi comes from the Sanskrit term Yuga Adi, or new era. Typical greetings include: Nutana Samvatsara Subakaankshalu or Ugadi Subakaankshalu.

Ugaadi Pacchadi (an amuse bouche consisting of the 6 flavors): Typically, the following ingredients are used: Banana (for sweet, representing happiness), Neem (bitter, representing sadness),  Salt (saltiness, signifying fear),  Chilli powder (spice, signifying anger),  Tamarind (sour, representing disgust), & Mango (tang, representing surprise).

New clothes are also given, mango leaf arches are hung, muggu (rangoli) is done, and astrological charts for the year are read (Panchanga Sravanaalu).

4. Rama Navami celebrated in March/April 9 days after Ugadi.

5. Varalakshmi Vratam in August.

6. Krishna Ashtami celebrated in August/September

7. Vinayaka Chavithi in August.

8. Dasara in September/October.

9. Atla Tadde 3rd day in bright half of Aswiyuja month (falls in September/October in Gregorian calendar)

10. Deepavali in October/November.

11.  Bonalu in Sravanam. (Celebrated in Telangana region).

 12. Bathukamma celebrated during September/October in Telangana region.

There is a running joke that Andhra men like their women as they like their food: presentation is exceedingly important…and they like a little spice .

Traditional Andhra cuisine is far older, more varied, and far spicier than better known Hyderabadi specialties such as Biryani. While foreign imports can be appreciated, acknowledged, and enjoyed, it’s important to also recognize and promote the native cuisine of Andhra. Here are the traditional specialties of authentic Andhra cuisine.

Gongura Mamsam -Andhra Roselle Leaf Mutton

Kodi Vepadu – Andhra Pepper Fry Chicken

Kodi Koora -Andhra Chicken Curry

Chaapa Vepadu -Andhra Fish Fry

Chaapala Pulusu -Fish marinated in a unique tamarind sauce.

Royyalu Koora -Andhra Shrimp Curry

Pulihora -Tamarind rice, cooked especially during festivals

Pesarattu -A fried crepe made from Green Gram (moong dal). It is similar to dosa.

Perugu Annam -Yogurt rice, mixed with mustard seeds and usually garnished with pickle.

The region is famous for its use of pickles (uragaayya) especially Gongura (Roselle Leaves) and Avakayya (Mango)

Arisalu -Flattened sweet cakes

Bhoondi laddoo -Chickpea flower sweet. It is a famous item from the holy city of Tirupati.

Kakinada Kaaja -All purpose flour syrupy confection originating from Kakinada in Andhra.

Rava laddoo -Cream of wheat balls mixed with sugar and raisins.

Payneelu -Puri mixed with sugar syrup.

Sapota – The confectionary version of the eponymous fruit. It is made with all purpose flour and is folded and rolled in a sugary syrup.

Roja (gulabi) rekulu -Made with a pre-set mold, it is made with all purpose flour and sugar. The resulting batter is then placed in a mold and deep fried. An ideal tea time snack.

Kobari laddoo -Grated coconut confection balls.

Rava kesari – Cream of wheat dish with raisins and nuts.

Pootha Rekalu -The “paper sweet” of Andhra, this item is truly a treasure of the region.

Poleelu/Bobatlu -All purpose flour and split pea sweet with jaggery filling.

Amrutha Gutakalu -Rice and milk confection

Thokkudu laddoo -Sweet gram flour balls rolled in sugar syrup.

Paala Poleelu -Sweet dish made from wheat flour, milk, dried coconut, cardamom, and ghee.

Kajji kayyalu -All purpose flour sweet with coconut, dried fruit, and almond filling.

Perugu Vada -Vadas marinated in tart yogurt with mustard seeds.

Gavvalu -Small donuts shaped like sea shells.

Sakinalu is one of the many traditional snacks made in Karimnagar district in Telangana, for Sankranti. They are made with rice flour and sesame seeds, and fried in oil.

Sarvapind i is another traditional snack native to Telangana region

Banganapalli Mangoes

Most famous of all is the Andhra variety of Mango. The rival, and as any red blooded Andhra would assert, the superior of the more widely known   Alphonso    variety,   Banganapalli mangoes are (much like the Telugu language) undoubtedly the sweetest in all of India.

Other traditional dishes that aren’t exclusive to or originating in the state include

Rasam -A rich and mouth-watering soup that is mixed with rice. There are different varieties such as tomato and tamarind ( chintapandu ). Though common to other parts of the south, it has reached a high art in Andhra.

Idli -The popular south Indian breakfast food. It is made from steamed, fermented lentils and typically served with chutney or sambar.

Sambar -A thick, spicy, and savory lentil soup that is traditionally served with rice for afternoon and evening meals and idlis or dosas for morning meals. It is very rich in protein and vegetables.

Dosa -The famous fermented, fried rice-lentil crepe of South India. Most commonly served for breakfast or lunch with sambar or chutney, it is very frequently served with pickle (uragayya) in Andhra.

Upma -The traditional cream of wheat dish is served for breakfast or lunch. It comes in many varieties. While many garnish it with chutney, in typical Andhra style, pickles (especially Gongura and Mango) are preferred.

Uttapam -South India’s answer to the pancake, this thick fried batter staple is commonly mixed with onions and other vegetables and spices. It is typically served with pickle in Andhra.

Garelu (Vadas) -This fried batter dumpling is an essential during Andhra festivals. Frequently mixed with onions and coriander, it is garnished with chutney or served with sambar.

Chekkalu -Crispy flour chips

Natya Sastra

As with all Indian classical dance, Natya Sastra is the origin for Andhra’s classical dance tradition. Though our own pauranic tradition dates Bharata muni’s classic to many millennia ago, the current historical paradigm dates it to at least as far back as 200 BCE. Thus, all classic traditions, northern (i.e. Odissi, Kathak, Manipuri) or Southern (i.e. Bharatanatyam, Kathakali, Mohiniyattam, and Kuchipudi) descend from the Natya Sastra.

Indeed, prior to the birth of Kuchipudi, Dakshinatya was the southern school of dance practiced in Andhra. It was known to be patronized by the Satavahana kings. Over the centuries, a specific form of dance dedicated to Lord Vishnu came into existence, known as Bhagavata Mela Natakam. By the 14th century, however, Kuchipudi proper emerged.

Photo: Wiki Commons

The name Kuchipudi comes from the eponymous village in Andhra Pradesh. The tradition dates back to the 1300s and is credited to Siddhendra Yogi. He combined the dance drama formats of the Yakshagana art with Bhagavata Mela Natakam. Thus, the father of kuchipudi evolved a unique dance that is known for its rhythmic virtuosity and stateliness.

The art form initially developed primarily under male brahmin dancers. The founder of the dance wanted to imbue it with a spiritual quality. Thus, the tradition has historically been characterized by male virtuosos, the most famous being Sri Vempathi Chinna Satyam . However, the fairer sex eventually took their rightful place and has since carried the dance form to new heights, with leading danseuses such as Shobha Naidu . Guru Sri. Vedantam Lakshmi Narayana Sastry is credited with introducing women to Kuchipudi.  He utilized  Kirtanas, Ashtapadis, Padams, Sabdams, and Tarangams  for solo performance.

Kuchipudi is classical in form and repertoire and employs lasya (rhythm), thandava (footsteps), and abhinaya (facial expression) in the actuation of slokas. It utilizes other elements of the natya sastra such as samyutha and asamyutha, hasthas, karana, chari, angahara, mandala, and nrutha hasthas. It employs Nritta, Nritya, and Natya in equal measure. The first involves rhythmic movement set to a song or verse, the second involves interpretations follow rhythmic passages, and the third is a traditional comprehensive dance-drama.

If Bharatanatyam is best known for Nritta, Kuchipudi is best known for its expressive Abhinaya, giving it a sensual quality.  Abhinaya is very important in kuchipudi and it is the only classical dance where all four abhinayas are equally emphasized. A specialty of the dance is vachikabhinayam since dance, gesture and words are all combined.

There are two main schools of classical dance, Nattuva Mela and Natya Mela. The former is performed exclusively by women and is embodied by Bharatanatyam. The latter evolved into kuchipudi and is performed by both men and women. Natya mela is a dance in dance drama style that characterizes kuchipudi. The themes are not exclusively religious and frequently feature the king as the hero.

Kuchipudi’s specialty however is Tarangam and is traced to Narayana Teertha’s Srikrishna Leela Tarangini. This feature of kuchipudi involves dancing with one’s feet placed on the rims of a brass plate. Tarangam presents the danseuse’s mastery of rhythm and is choreographed and set to compositions by respected poets.

Perini Tandava

If ‘lasya’ is the realm of the female, then ‘thaandava’ is the domain of the male. No dance represents the rhythmic masculinity of Mahadeva’s thandava than Telangana’s Perini thandava. Revived by the dance doyen Nataraja Ramakrishna, Perini Siva Thandava has an ancient tradition that was last recorded in the era of great Kakatiya Dynasty of Warangal.

Andhra Natyam

Notable Artistes:

Vempati Chinna Satyam

Vempati gaaru was instrumental in not only popularizing the dance style internationally, but universalizing it as well. Famous students of his include actresses such as Vyjayanthimala, Hema Malini & Rekha. Thus, the regeneration of classical dance in Andhra, and Andhra’s style nationally and internationally is due, in no small measure, to him.

Poetically born in the village of Kuchipudi itself to Vempati Chalammaiah and Varalakshamma, Sri Chinna Satyam (1929-2012) came from a family honored for producing nine generations of professional dancers. He initially studied under Vedantam Lakshminarayana Sastri . Indeed, it was Vedantam gaaru who first opened up the tradition to women–a policy that his most famous sishya would apply to its fullest. It was Vempati gaaru who truly aligned it with the principles of the Natya Sastra –Bharata Muni’s ancient classical work on Dance and Song.

• He received the Guinness World Book of Records title for most number of dance recitals (3000)
• Composed 180 solo dances and scripted 17 dramas in many languages
• His dance-drama works include Padmavati Srinivasa Kalyanam , Vipranarayana Cheritam , Menaka Viswamitra , and Sakuntalam
• He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1991

Vedantam Laskshmi Narayana Sastry

Yamini Krishnamurti

One of the great artistic luminaries of Andhra Dance is Yamini Krishnamurti . Born to a Telugu-speaking family in Madanapalli , Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh , Mungara, Yamini Krishnamurti was raised in Chidambaram in Tamil Nadu . Her grandfather famously named her “Poornatilaka”, which means “beautiful mark on the brow of light”.

Skilled in both Kuchipudi and Bharatanatyam , she is most famous for her achievements in the latter. Indeed, some have even remarked that “Yamini was not made for Bharatanatyam but that Bharatanatyam was made for Yamini.” She is considered the most famous and accomplished Classical Indian dancer of the present era.

The great danseuse finally received the Padma Bhushan in 2001. The legendary dancer was anointed “Asthana Narthaki” (Court Dancer) of the Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams.

Shobha Naidu

Arunima Kumar

• http://www.kuchipudi.com/
• http://www.culturalcentreofindia.com/DanceStyles.html

As with classical dance, classical music in Andhra also finds its origin in Natya Sastra. While there was a rich tradition of music in Ancient and early medieval Andhra, little survives. The historical record of Music truly begins with Annamayya and the later Carnatic music figures.

Annamayya the most prolific of all our composers. His most famous works being Kondellalo nellakonna and Adivo.  Annamayya’s true greatness however was his message of universality and God’s love for all. Not only did he open up Vedic education to women, he actively pushed to throw open Temples to even the lowest classes–because God himself would not go to the Temple where is devotees were denied.

The greatest of all our composers however is Thygarajaya –who is a celebrated figure throughout South India. His kirtanas mesmerize Andhras and other aficionados of carnatic music to this day.

Notable Composers:

Born to Lakkamba and Narayana Suri of Tallapaka , in Kadapa district, Annama grew up in the shade of the majestic 7 hills of Tirumala. Thus, from the beginning, the life of this saint-composer was synonymous with Lord Venkateshwara. Indeed, according to popular legend, his parents had a vision of him as the incarnation of Nandaka , the sword of  Vishnu himself. Irrespective of one’s belief in the story, both the man and the musician (he also played the Tanpura ) revitalized Bhakti for Balaji in the medieval period. The general view is that Annamayya lived from 1408 to 1503.

Popularly known all over undivided Andhra as “Annamayya”, Annamacharya is undoubtedly one of our leading lights not only in the realm of music, for which he is best known, but in the realm of Dharma . Considered the Andhra Pada Kavita Pitamaha (the Grandsire of Telugu poem-songs), his classics such as Adivo Sri Hari Vaasamu and Kondalalo Nelakonna , strike a chord throughout South India today. For that he is called the Sankeerthanacharya (Acharya of devotional songs).

• Wrote 32, 000 compositions, 14,000 Sankeerthanas of which 2,178 were devotional and 11,526 romantic.
• Composed 12 Satakas (100 stanza poems), though only 1 has been traced.
• At one point in his life, he was composing a song a day.
• In sankeerthanas accessible to the common man, he conveyed the timeless wisdom of the Vedas, Upanishads, and the Puranas in the common tongue of Telugu and folk metres.
• Actively campaigned for Temple entry to lower castes and education for women

Married to Akkalamma and Tirumalamma (popularly known as Timmakka), he was reputed to have been distracted by their beauty and only after what was considered divine intervention did he resume his duties and stated mission on Earth. Interestingly, Timmakka was herself an accomplished poetess, and is credited with being the first major female writer in Telugu, having written the Subhadra Kalyanamu . In fact, Annamayya’s descendants are replete with a number of poets, most famously his grandson via Timmakka, Narasimhacharya.

References:

• http://www.annamayya.org/annamayya/sankeerthanas/
• http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/annamayya-paved-the-way-for-egalitarian-society/article6992227.ece
•  http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2003/05/22/stories/2003052201960900.htm
• http://www.annamacharya.net/annamayya
• http://www.svasa.org/
• http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/12/30/stories/2002123001110200.htm
• http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/the-annamayya-appeal/article7206974.ece
• http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2000/07/14/stories/10140906.htm

Bhadrachalam Ramadas

Born Kancherla Gopanna, Ramadas’ parents, Linganna and Kamaamba raised him in the village of Kompella in the  Warangal   district Andhra desa’s  Telangana  region. He married a woman named Kamalamma and later moved to the village of Nelakondapalli.

In a literal case of nepotism, Gopanna’s uncles. Akkanna and Madanna, introduced him at the court of the Golkonda Sultan, Tanashah, who was impressed by him. Ramadas was offered a position as Tehsildar at Bhadrachalam, where he performed his duties as a state official in an exemplary manner. So exquisite was his performance that the local treasury was soon flush with funds.

His intense bhakti for Sri Rama soon led him to be concerned about the decaying state of the temple of Bhadrachalam. He allocated some monies from the treasury to renovate it. He later supplemented this offering by sponsoring the  Kumbhabhishekham . However, all this unauthorized expenditure soon depleted the local treasury, leading Tanashah to imprison Gopanna. He was jailed and tortured for 12 years–a fate that was to continue until the entire sum was paid back to the state.  Ramadas’ famous   Dasarathi Satakam,  108 stanzas to Rama ,  is considered a classic.  H is Telugu songs, which were enriched by Sanskrit, remain popular to this day.

His classic Kirthanas include: Paluke Bhangaramaina, Nannu Brovamanni Cheppave, &  Ee teeruga nanu daya chuchedavo

Thyagaraja was born as Kakarla, Thyagabrahmam in a Telugu Brahmin family that migrated to Thiruvaiyaru from Prakasam district in 1767. He received his early music lessons from his guru Sonti, Venkata Ramanayya .

Thyagaraja is foremost among prominent Telugu vageyakaras whose compositions are popular not only among Telugu speaking people but across carnatic music lovers and devotees in south India. He is considered as one of the trinity of Carnatic music along with Syama Shastri and Muthuswamy Deekshitar. Of the 3 greatest composers of the Carnatic Tradition, Thyagaraja (pictured in center) is the most famous and celebrated. Among his greatest and most popular Krithis are “endaro mahanubavulu”, “sadhincene O manasa”, “kana kanar rucira”, “raga sudha rasa” and   “jagadananda karaka”. See here for a full list of compositions

Narayana Teertha

One of the outstanding devotees of Sri Krishna, Narayana Teertha (1650- 1745 C.E.) made his name through compositions dedicated to his Ishta Devata . Appropriately, many consider him to be the reincarnation of Maharishi Veda Vyasa. But before he became the saint we know him as today, he was known by another name.

• Credited with completing over 287 compositions over the course of his long life (153 in the Tarangini alone).
• Used 34 ragas for his various compositions, such as Hindolam for Govardhana and Bilahari for Puraya mama kamam
• Composed Subhodini , a Sanskrit treatise on Brahma Sutra Sankara Bhasyam ; Vivarana Deepika , a Telugu treatise on Sureshvaracharya’s Pancheekarana vartika ;  and the notable yakshaganam in Telugu, Parijatapaharanam .
• “Sree Krishna Leela Tarangini, his magnum opus is an unparalleled musical treatise consisting many Slokas and Krutis in 12 chapters known as Tarangas. These compositions, famous for lyrical richness and beauty of rhythm, evoke the nine ‘Rasas’ and form an integral part of Indian classical dance.” [3]

Along with Jayadeva (of Gita Govinda fame), Narayana Teertha is considered today one of the great musical exponents of spiritual and devotional ecstasy. While there is the  Sri Narayana Teertha Trust of Kaja, situated 15 kms away from Vijayawada , the famous singer Yesudas is one of the Trustees for the sister trust at Tirupoonthuruthi. In fact, he produced a serial on Narayana Teertha through Chennai Doordarshan, and has been one of the tireless exponents of this Telugu saint’s legacy. M.S. Subbulakshmi herself performed in Narayana Teertha’s honour at the inauguration of his Tamil Nadu trust.

Syama Sastri

• http://www.carnatica.net/composer/narayanateertha.htm
• http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2005/02/04/stories/2005020400380300.htm
• http://www.sangeetasudha.org/narayanateertha/index.html
• http://www.sankeertanam.com/saints%20texts/Sri%20NarAyaNa%20Teertha.pdf
• http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/03/07/stories/2003030701160600.htm
• http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/narayana-tirtha-jayanti/article1434935.ece
• http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/tharangam-in-tirtha-tradition/article658411.ece
• http://music.karthiksankar.com/reference/composer/n/narayana-tirtha/
• http://translationsofsomesongsofcarnticmusic.blogspot.com/2014/03/govardhana-giridhara-govinda.html

Balamurali Krishna is an Andhra legend.  Along with Thyagaraja, Annamacharya, & Bhadrachalam Ramdas he is undoubtedly one of our greatest classical composers. His stamp on the Classical Indian Music tradition is undeniable, and he remains a stalwart of the Carnatic School.

Born in Sankaraguptam village in  East Godavari District , Mangalampali, Balamurali Krishna was raised in a family of musicians, as his mother was a skilled veena player, and his father a well known flautist and violinist. Balamurali gaaru, however, was destined to be a legendary singer.He was not only a creator of ragas and a classical singer and composer, but a playback singer as well.

Exceedingly versatile, he sang in a number of languages beyond his Theeyamaina Tenugu , including Hindi, Tamil, Kannada, Punjabi, English, and even French. His work in the latter even earned him Chevalier des Artes from France. He has given over 25,000 concerts in more than 75 years of performing.

His classical  kritis (compositions) number over 400 in Sanskrit, Telugu, and Tamil. He innovated the ragas Sarvasri , Lavangi , Sumukham , and Mahati , picking up where Thygaraja himself left off.

Notable Singers:

  S.P. Balasubramaniam

The most famous playback singer in Andhra history, S.P. Balasubramanyam is famous throughout India and among Indians around the world. The Nellore native is a peerlessly prolific song-artist and a prodigious talent. Indeed, the sweetness of his deep voice is matched only by the sweetness of his mother tongue Telugu, which he loves.

He was recognized by the Guinness World Book of Records for recording the highest number of songs (over 40,000) as well as most songs recorded in a day (21 for Kannada) . SP has sung in a plethora of languages including Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, Hindi, Tulu, Oriya, Assamese, Badaga, Sanskrit, English, Konkani, Bengali, Marathi and Punjabi. His facility with singing in so many bhashas comes from his willingness to take an interest to learn and respect each one in which he sings.

Hailing from a well-to do family from Vizianagaram , Andhra Pradesh, Pulapaka Susheela was born in 1935 and began studying music from a young age. She credits her lawyer father for this interest as he was musically inclined.

She was trained in Carnatic Music and passed first class from Vijayanagaram Music College. She was discovered by Pendyala Nageshwara Rao when she was on All India Radio, and he had her sing in her first movie: A Tamil film called Petra Thaai . Having made her entry into the music industry in 1952, there was no looking back. She went on to dominate playback singing in the South for Decades.

A singer and philanthropist who dominated playback singing in the 60s and 70s, she embodied sweetness of melody and range in modulation to Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam and Kannada music lovers alike.

• She Completed over 50 years in the Cine Music Industry
• Sang over 40,000 songs in 12 languages
• Sang over 5000 songs in Kannada alone–the most of any recorded singer
• Recipient of numerous awards at the state level  in Karnataka, Kerala & T.N.
• 6 time Nandi Award winner
• 5 time National Award winner
• Finally received the Padma Bhushan in 2008
• http://www.psusheela.org/
• http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/article469943.ece?service=print
• http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/ode-to-a-southern-nightingale/article7871584.ece
• http://psusheela.org/articles/tel/sj_balasaraswathi.html

 Cinema & Drama

Photo: LyricsInTelugu.com

While Andhra’s Telugu language movies make up the largest regional Indian film industry, ACP focuses less on the pop culture “phillims” and more on culturally significant cinema. This includes genre defining works such as Mayabazaar and Missamma to recent classics such as Kshana Kshanam and Annamayya to current day groundbreaking oeuvres such as Leader and Magadheera .

List of Culturally Significant Andhra Films:

Maya Bazaar

Any mention of Telugu Cinema, indeed Indian Cinema itself, would be incomplete without reference to the inimitable 1957 epic Family Drama & Comedy Maya Bazaar .

Without a doubt the most beloved Telugu movie of all time, it is the quintessential Andhra approach to the Mahabharata . Much like our irreverent culture of wit, this classic was a light-hearted take on the otherwise serious subject matter from India’s eponymous National Epic (the initials of which it coincidentally shares). One of the unique feats of Maya Bazaar was to honestly treat what is likely the most analyzed and re-told work in classical Indic literature on the basis of the vibrant folk artforms of the Dakshinapatha . It is attributed to the Harikatha tradition of Andhra and the plays of Maharashtra/Karnataka.

While this episode regarding Abhimanyu’s marriage to Sasirekha is not strictly canon per the authoritative Vyasa original, it nevertheless manages to remain in harmony with the authentic edition, whatever the veracity of the content. What’s more, it takes this Civilizational masterpiece and presents it in a uniquely Telugu tradition of cheeky humor and sophistication, with a heart of gold (or culture without condescension).

This film managed what few “phillims” manage to do, which is to deftly weave comedy with serious subject matter. Indeed, none represents this more than the commanding characterization of Ghatotkacha by Sri S.V. Ranga Rao.

While its unmatched all-star cast of NT Rama Rao, Akkineni Nageshwara Rao, Savithri, Gummadi, and Relangi all compete with one another in their performances, it is ultimately S.V.Ranga Rao who steals the show for all time .

A Telugu story that very much cuts across caste and creed, it is a tale of a Christian girl who falls in love with a Hindu boy, and the subsequent situational comedy that ensues. The fundamental centrality of Dharmic Indian culture is very clearly seen not only in story, but in the showcase of both classical Indian music and dance.

But the true standout aspect of this 1955 Romantic Comedy is that the protagonist and central character is a woman , masterfully played by the original Top Actress of Tollywood: Savitri . The object of her affection is none other than the legendary NT Rama Rao himself, clearly at the peak of his powers here. Both play unemployed young, unattached graduates on the make, seeking to make a life for themselves.

This movie is responsible for launching one of Telugu Cinema’s greatest artistes, the actress Savitri. It’s very much a modern story in a modern (vs post-modern) setting, all while remaining undeniably Indian in its inspiration and essence.

Gundamma Katha

Paathaala Bhairavi

Listed as one of the 100 Greatest Indian movies by IBN and one of India’s four entries in its first International Film festival, it has comedy, romance, action, and yes, even a tantrikudu (practitioner of black magic).

In many ways, this film was a trend-setter. It was among the first Telugu, and possibly even Indian movies, to have a high production value with impressive sets and what was, for the time, notable special effects

In that sense, what makes this cinema worthy of mention in our Andhra high culture was that even though it did not emerge directly from our religious epic tradition, it managed to weave various traditional themes or rasas like Sringara (the romantic) & Bhayaanika (the fearsome) in the context of our cultural and civilizational tradition and setting–as well as recount an engaging story.

Less known, however, are some of the quality Romantic couplets suavely delivered by a clever NTR

1960s and 1970s

Sri Krishnadeva Raya

Tenali Ramakrishna

Prema Nagar

Bobbili Yuddham

Alluri Sitarama Raju

Dasara Bullodu

1980s and 1990s

Jagadeka Veerudu Atiloka Sundari

Kshana Kshanam

1991′s Kshana Kshanam is quite possibly the finest film ever produced by the Telugu Film industry. While we have had movies that amazed ( Magadheera ), movies that inspired ( Alluri Sitaramayya ), and movies that entertained ( Maya Bazaar ), Kshana Kshanam is the only one that managed to hit all the right notes in a modern yet still timeless manner.

While the movie was funny and even goofy at times–it exuded class. Romance without prurience. Fashion without faux pas, and Comedy without Crudeness. It was a simple story that was well told, well-acted, well-choreographed, and simply well-executed.The song “Ko Ante Koti” was a lens on the dreams of economic and social advancement and material prosperity to which the masses could suddenly aspire. And yet, in spite of this meditation on materiality, it managed to give us a vision of modernity that still had place for morality. In short, classy not crassy.

Bobbili Simham

Hyderabad Blues

2000s to Present

Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (NTR)

Akkineni Nageshwara Rao

S.V.Ranga Rao

Shavukar Janiki

Waheeda Rehman

Leela Naidu

Konidela Sivasankar Varaprasad (Chiranjeevi)

Nandamuri Balakrishna

Daggubati Venkatesh

Akkineni Nagarjuna

Kanneganti Brahmanandam

Mailavarapu Surya Narayana (M.S.Narayana)

John Prakasa Rao Janumala (Johnny Lever)

Rajendra Prasad Gadde

Venu Madhav

Mahesh Babu Ghattamaneni

Ram Charan Tej Konidela

Rana Daggubati

Notable Directors:

Allu Ramalingaiah

Daggubati Rama Naidu

Dasari Narayana Rao

Padmanabham

Ram Gopal Varma Penmatsa

Nagesh Kukuno o r 

Koduri Srisaila Sri Rajamouli (S.S.Rajamouli)

Sekhar Kammula

Notable Lyricists:

Srirangam Srinivasarao(Sri Sri)

Veturi Sundararama Murthy

Sirivennala Sitarama Sastry

Trivikram Srinivas

7 thoughts on “ Culture ”

this portel is Ok but not very eloborate. I am suprised to see in the dance Kuchipudi section few names in “noted artistets” where one name is included along with the legends. (Arunima) I think we have much artistes than her. It does nt mean that she is bad but we have better noted artistes than her. Please change it. If you need any help please feel free to contact me. thanks Venkat Vempati 09840077376

Namaskaram Venkat garu,

We are great admirers of your legendary father. We made it a point to prominently feature him in the list and kuchipudi text.

As for the site, thank you for your comment and feedback. Yes, we are still growing. As there is so much material and history to cover, it will take time do our artforms justice. Our hope is to create a community of culturally educated contributors and experts across disciplines who can help give us guidance on making accurate and elaborate articles for the benefit of Global Andhras. We will gladly take up your kind offer and I will reach out to via email. Best Regards, N.R.I.pathi

I have come to this page in hope of finding some harikathas but am disappointed to find none. A page devoted to culture fell short on providing any hints to this cultural asset of Telugu’s. However I am glad you have provided with a lot of other info that in itself is a great feat. Hope you keep adding more and fill in the gaps with the treasure trove of our Telugu culture.

Murali gaaru,

Appreciate your comment and compliments, andi. As we noted above, it’s very much a work in progress, and will grow as we explore the greatness of our culture. And you’re absolutely right about how we need to build out our brief mentions of Harikatha above. Excellent suggestion about adding some actual Harikathas. Hopefully over time, we’ll be able to do so for the benefit of all Telugus.

If you have any other recommendations, do let us know. Thank you.

How can you miss Malleeswsari among the “Golden Age” Telugu films? Many consider this, along with Maya Bazaar, to be the finest Telugu film ever made. Since it also has Sri Krishna Devaraya as one of the important characters, it’s doubly worth your while! 🙂 Seriously, this is a glaring omission, and I’m amazed that you made it.

Oof, great catch, Savithri gaaru! Thanks for your input, we’ve updated it. In fact, if you have any other suggestions or even contributions, please email us via our contact form. We welcome feedback from new voices.

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The only Indian state with three capitals – Andra Pradesh is a boon to India. Packed with emerald greenery, soul-soothing rivers and serene temples, the state of Andra Pradesh lies on the southeastern coast of India. While it is widely known for its rice agriculture (also known as the ‘rice bowl of India’), Andra Pradesh is also well stocked with plenty of indigenous art and culture. The traditional dances of this state are highly regarded and are performed in several parts of India. Below listed are a few popular dances prevalent in Andra Pradesh that will make you fall in love with the state: One of the 8 classical dances in India , Kuchipudi originated from the ancient text of Natya Shastra. The dancers are adorned with lovely, colorful jewelry and a traditional saree . The dance is pleasant to watch and contains both fast and slow movements. Along with vocals, the dance also consists of several instruments to create a musical sound, such as the veena or violin, the mridangam , and a cymbal player. Kuchipudi mainly plays the role of alerting people about the evil powers that exist in the world. Interestingly, it is said that Kuchipudi gets its name from a village with the same name. Also known as Veerangam and Veerabhadra Nriyatam, this dance form is performed as a tribute to Lord Shiva. The men in this performance maintain complex and fierce positions to honor the incarnation of Lord Shiva, Veerabhadra. The interesting story behind the roots of this dance goes back to when Sati was humiliated by her father, Daksha. Legend says that after she sacrificed herself, Lord Shiva arose, furious and agonized, and gave birth to two forms; one of which was Veerbhadra. The birth of the two forms was followed by widespread destruction and loss. It is said that the descendants of Veerbhadra carry on this age-old dance to date. The dancers skillfully display the fury and tsunami of emotions that Lord Shiva felt after the death of his beloved. A form of theatrical performance, Burra Katha is a narrative that includes dance, dialogues, poems, music, jokes, etc. The main idea behind the performance is to showcase the devotion of the dancers towards their God. It usually contains 3-4 dancers with only one (main) storyteller. To aid the music, the dancers play tambura and veena extensively throughout the performance. Originally done as a pastime in villages, Burra Katha now is also seen during festivals such as Diwali and Sankranti. Andra Natyam is a dance form that was discovered about 2000 years back. Similar to Bharat Natyam, this dance form focuses more on the foot movements and facial expressions of the dancer. Due to its purity and sanctity, Andra Natyam is usually performed by temple dancers and it makes use of several musical instruments such as the veena, tanpura, manjira, and surpeti. Although this exquisite dance form was on the road to decline during the Mughal reign, it was fortunately revived in the 20th century. Both men and women can perform this dance. This special dance is solely for the Telugu Devdasis. In simple terms, a devdasi is a woman who is married to the temple deity and is considered especially auspicious. The devdasis danced in the courts of kings for entertainment and to educate the people. They used dance, to convey music and knowledge of literature to people. In another instance, they would also perform for the illiterate audience and convey the knowledge and stories from the Hindu scriptures. This dance form was heavily scrutinized during the British raj and was condemned, however, people are now gradually reviving and honoring the Vilasini Natyam for its grace and beauty. The epitome of color and joy, this dance form truly mesmerizes its audience. Butta Bommalu correctly means ‘basket toys’ or ‘dance of masks’ because this folk dance uses life-sized toy-like costumes, which are hollow from the inside. Wearing big, colorful clothing, the dance does not make use of sound. The performers simply imitate the characters, causing raging curiosity amongst their audience. Butta Bommalu essentially celebrates happiness during festivals. Therefore, the costumes usually vary depending on what festival it is. For example, the costumes of Hanuman, Parvati, Lord Shiva, and Ram are most likely to be seen. The number of fascinating tribal communities in India will leave you awestruck! And to know about their cultures and traditions is cherry on top! The Lambadi dance is the folk dance of the Banjara community of Andra Pradesh. It is mainly done to celebrate and praise the Lord for a good harvest. While women are known to perform this tribal dance, men aren’t restricted to take part. Furthermore, the heavily embroidered clothing and heavy brass ornaments worn by the performers add to the beauty of this dance. Known as the ‘Stick Dance’, Kolattam is prevalent in several parts of India with different names. The history behind the origins of this village dance form is highly interesting. The story follows the vicious and malevolent demon Basavasura who reaped havoc in the village. One day a group of girls performed the Kolattam dance routine in front of the asur. Basavasura was so enchanted by the graceful dance that he quickly relinquished his abhorrence. Moreover, it is also said that Basavasura was an incarnation of Lord Shiva, the destroyer. The beauty of the dance is enhanced by the bright-colored skirts of the dancers. They wear lovely jewelry and synchronize their footsteps to form a splendid dance pattern. Truly a treat for the eyes! Dappu is the traditional form of percussion instruments. It uses a very simplistic drumming instrument. It is an integral part of many folk forms of performing arts and folk dances, especially the Dappu folk dance. Made of goatskin, a tambourine-like drum is struck with sticks producing a rhythm that is softened by the ankle bells that the 16 to 20 dancers wear. Dappu dancers are at the front of any procession, whether it be for jataras, festivals or marriages, this is truly a celebration of the percussive powers of dance. This invigorating art form hails from Nizamabad District. The performers in colourful make-up and even more eccentric costumes dance to the musical patterns set by cymbals, tabla and a harmonium. Mythological themes are usually enacted and the audience is rural folk. Dhimsa is a dance which does not discriminate and is suitable for people of ages from the Valmiki, Bagata, Khond and Kotia clans – dwelling in the charming Araku Valley in the hilly stretches of the Vishakhapatam area. Tribals perform this dance during the months of Chaitra i.e March/April, at weddings and different events. During the celebrations, artists of one village visit the other to participate in the dance and join the community feast. Such is known as the “Sankidi Kelbar”. A remarkable aspect of the Dhimsa dance is that it encourages friendship and fraternity between individuals of various regions. This being traditionally an ancestral dance, womenfolk are attired in common ancestral dress and adornments and dance in gatherings to the tune of Mori, Kiridi, Tudumu, Dappu and Jodukommulu. Tappeta Gullu is a devotional dance of Andhra Pradesh common in the districts of Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Vishakhapatnam. During ancient times it was performed by cowherds and shepherds to entertain the Rain Goddess, Gangamma. At present, the dance is performed in all village festivals celebrated in honour of the deity. The vigour, rhythm and tempo of Tappeta Gullu is exceptional. The songs that are sung throughout the Tappeta Gullu dance are mostly in praise of Lord Vishnu. Tappeta Gullu is performed by a group of twelve to thirty men, who are dressed in a shirt, a turban and a loincloth. They also wear ankle bells. The performers of the dance are accompanied by Tappeta or gundlu, hung on the chest. It is a musical instrument comparable to a drum. The dance of Tappeta Gullu requires tremendous skill and muscle power. A vital characteristic of the dance is that while dancing the artists display rare skills in acrobatics. While performing, the dancers stand one above the other on the thighs and shoulders of each other and form the shape of a gopuram or a tree. Bonalu began as a harvest feast gradually progressing into a procession dance. It is one of the folk festivals prevalent in the Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh. Celebrated in the month of Aashadha, according to the Hindi calendar, (which falls in the month of June or July) this festival is predominantly seen among Hindus. An intriguing thing about Bonalu is that women participate in the procession carrying ‘Ghatams’ or ornamented pots filled with flowers on their heads. The women devotees also carry brass vessels or clay pots filled with cooked rice and adorned with neem leaves. In the procession, men accompany the women devotees by playing the drums and go to worship the local deity. Dressed in multicoloured dresses they balance the pots to the rhythmic songs and tunes, sung in glorifying the village deity Mahankali. The male dancers are known as Potharajus, lead the procession by lashing whips and neem leaves. It is rightly said by our forefathers that dance is the language of the soul. Performed for thousands of years, these folk dances speak of ancient cultures and traditions which have been carefully preserved and treasured. These dance forms and folk arts form an integral part of our identity. By knowing these traditions, we can know what our age-old culture holds for us. We need to carry these dance forms forward and pass this gold on from generation to generation. After all, we owe it to our forefathers, don’t we? Image credits: The copyright for the images used in this article belong to their respective owners. Best known credits are given under the image. For changing the image credit or to get the image removed from Caleidoscope, please contact us. Very informative and beautifully written! Thanks Sanika 🙂 Good job and Thanks for sharing. Every tradition has something unique. This is our india, Well said Samas, Thanks 🙂 LEAVE A REPLY Cancel reply Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. INSPIRING READS Sonepur cattle fair: a celebration of tradition and trade, odisha’s timeless tradition “danda jatra”, sita kund: the heartbeat of bihar’s cultural legacy, exploring the vibrant folk dance of telangana: a cultural journey, traditional indian summer dishes to beat the heat and be healthy, the celebration of indian new year in various cultures of india, trending topics. Terms of Use Privacy Policy Affiliate disclosure: As an Amazon Associate, we may earn commissions from qualifying purchases from Amazon. Learn more © caleidoscope - 2024. Andhra Pradesh – Culture and Tradition Andhra Pradesh is a state located on the south-east coast of India. According to the area, it is the seventh-largest state in India and the  tenth most populous state.  The largest city in this state is Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada. Historically, the areas covered in the state were known as Andhraapath, Andhraadesa, Andhraavani, and Andhra. The northern region of Andhra Pradesh is a hill. Here is the highest peak Mahendragiri which is 1,500 meters above sea level. The weather here is often hot and humid. There is 125 cm rain in a year.  The major rivers of this state are Krishna and Godavari. On 2 June 2014, the north-western part of Andhra Pradesh was separated to form a new state of Telangana and Hyderabad the longtime capital of Andhra Pradesh, was transferred to Telangana.   While Hyderabad was declared as the capital of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana for the next ten years. The physical set up of Andhra Pradesh constitutes the Krishna-Godavari Delta in the east, the Eastern Ghats extending from northeast to southwest and the Telangana and Rayalaseema plateau in the west River Godavari, the biggest among the rivers of Andhra and is also mentioned as a holy river in the Mahabharta. Next in importance is the river Krishna which enters Andhra in the Mahabub Nagar District. The climate of Andhra Pradesh is hot and humid. Southwest monsoon has a major role in determining the state’s climate. But winters are pleasant in Andhra Pradesh. This is the time when the state attracts many tourists. ADVERTISEMENT Historically the earliest mention of Andhra appeared in the Aitareya Brahmana (B.C. 800) and was called Dakshina Padh . Only during the Mauryan age, we can see some historical evidence of the Andhra in Southern Deccan. According to Matsya Purana, Satavahanas ruled over the Andhradesa including Deccan for about 400 years from 2nd century B.C. to 2nd century A.D. After the Satavahanas the Andhradesa was divided into petty kingdoms and ruled by the Ikshvakus Anandagotrins, Salankayanas, Brihatpalayanas, and Vishnukundins during the period between the 3rd and 5th Centuries A.D. From 7th century onward Andhradesa witnesses a strong political rule by the Chalukyas. In the Medieval Period of 12th and 13th century, the area was ruled by Kakatiyas and was called as the brightest period of the Telugu history. A large number of temples were built, they encouraged agriculture, trade, and commerce. The Muslim inroads into the Deccan led to the fall of mighty Kakatiya Kingdom. The fall of the Kakatiya Kingdom resulted in the division of the Andhradesa and was ruled by the Reddy’s of Kondavidu (14th-15th Centuries A.D.), the Velamas of Rachakonda , and the Musumuri Chiefs. The Vijayanagara Rulers ruled the area from 14th to 15th century, when they built many temples and conquered many forts of Andhra. Then from the 16th to 17th century, the area was under the rule of Qutub Shahis. During their rule, Islamic architecture was introduced in this part of the country. The famous Golconda Fort, Mecca Masjid, Qutub Shahi Tombs are some of the monuments built by them. Aurangzeb the Moghul emperor, invaded the region and annexed it to the Moghul Empire. A Nazim was appointed as an agent of the Mughal emperor . Thus for 35 years, it was ruled by Nizams. After Aurangazeb died two foreign companies East India company of England and the Compagnie de Inde Orientale of France came into power. At the beginning of the colonial era, in 1758, there was a major fight between the British and the French in Chandriti, during which the British defeated Maharaja Anand Gajapati Raju of Vijayanagara. After defeating the Maharaja in 1792, the British acquired this area. After independence, Nizam of Hyderabad should have freedom from India, but he had to become part of India in 1948. In 1953, the Reorganization Commission of States was appointed to make Andhra Pradesh on linguistic lines. The Andhra State was merged with the Telugu language region of Telangana and was made Andhra Pradesh in 1965. Yanam was merged with Puducherry in 1963 and is currently one of the districts of Andhra Pradesh. Soon after, the Telangana movement started and the state was divided. Culture and Tradition A combination of many cultures has formed the present-day culture of Andhra Pradesh because some great dynasties have ruled the region like Ikshvakus, Pallavas, Chalukyas, Kakatiyas, Vijayanagar, and Mughals . Andhra Pradesh culture became rich and creative with the touch of so many rulers and dynasties. The monuments like Charminar, Golconda Fort, Salar Jung museum says all about the skilled abilities of the past rulers. Agriculture is a major source of Andhra Pradesh’s economy. About 70 percent of the state’s population is connected to agriculture and it is a major area of ​​rice production in India. The people of the state are divided into one who lives on the banks of rivers Krishna and Godavari while others who live in the hilly and forest areas of the state. Here is everything you will find with a Nawabi touch. The culture of Andhra Pradesh is very rich in terms of clothing, food, festivals, dance, music, and art and crafts. People live in peace and harmony and the state is a land full of fun and laughter. Suggested Read: Culture and Tradition of Indian States The official language of Andhra Pradesh is Telugu . Telugu is spoken by more than 85 percent of Andhra Pradesh’s population. Tamil is also spoken here in the southern region and there are also Kannada speakers on the border of Karnataka. There are a large number of Urdu speakers in Hyderabad and their population is 7% of the state’s population. Most educated people will be able to speak Hindi and English. The cuisines of Andhra Pradesh boast of the Nawabi style of the royalty. They use spices, fruits, and vegetable that is grown in the region. Some of the Andhra Pradesh cuisines include bandhar laddu, avakaya, gongura, pulusu, pappu charu, jonna kudu, bobbattu, kaza, and arisa. Rice is the staple food and is used in a variety of ways. Rice is either boiled and eaten with curry or made the batter to made dishes like Dosa or attu. The meat, vegetables, and greens are cooked with various masalas of the region which gives it a strong flavor. The most popular dish among tourist and local people is the biryani which is prepared with rice, zafran, chicken/mutton, and other rich spices. Popular sweet dishes of Andhra Pradesh are qubani-ka-meetha, badam-ki-jhab, dil-e-firdaus and ande-ka-piyosi. Suggested Read:  Famous Food Of Indian States Andhra Pradesh is regarded as Kohinoor   of India which famous for its weaving and dying industry. They have some finest historical cloth-making and dying traditions. Along with clothing their pearl jewelry form an impressive fashion tradition in Andhra Pradesh. Women generally wear Saree with a blouse while some Muslim women wear Salwar Kameez . The younger generation can be seen wearing Chudidaars, Pants, Shorts while the older generation wears saree. Men wear short dhoti which is folded about the knee with kurta or shirt. They usually carry a scarf over the shoulder. Muslim men normally wear pajamas instead of the dhoti. Suggested Read:  Traditional Dresses Of Indian States Ugadi is celebrated as the Telugu New Year and various other Hindu festivals like Dusshera, Deepawali, Sri Ramnavami, Krishna Janmashtami, Ganesh Chaturthi, and Mahashivratri are celebrated. Brahmotsavam, the Hindu festival is an auspicious festival celebrated every year at the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple at Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh. The celebration of the  Brahmostsava is performed over a nine-day period. Similarly, Christmas celebrations like Christmas, Easter and New Year are celebrated with enthusiasm and Muslim festivals such as Bakrid and  Eid al-Fitr are celebrated. However, the festival of Telugu new year Ugadi, Sankranti, Dussehra, and Ganesh Chaturthi is unique in this state. Dance and Music Kuchipudi is one of the most famous dance forms in Andhra Pradesh. Other dance forms like Andhra Natyam, Villasis Natyam, Badakatha, Veeranatyam, Duppu, Buta Bommalu, Tholu Bomalu, etc. Folk songs in Andhra Pradesh are very popular and they are sung during the marriage, the birth of a child, festivals, etc. Andhra Pradesh is the homeland of Thyagaraja, Shyama Sastri, and Muthuswami Dixitar the three Carnatic music Trinity. Art and Crafts The state is leading in wood and stone carving. Kalamkari, Bidri, Nirmal Paintings have made their name around the world. Srikalahasti technique and Masulipatnam  are used during the printing of saris and costume material. Andhra Pradesh is known as Koh-noor of India and there are many places to visit in this beautiful state. It is famous for its rich natural resources, rivers, historical monuments, etc. Suggested Read: Tourist places of Andhra Pradesh The main designation for tourism is Tirupati , Horseley hills, Araku valley, Vizag, Srisailam, RK Beach, Vizag, Borra Caves, Thotlakonda, Horsley Hills, Kolleru, Kanakadurga temple and Dolphin House, Visakhapatnam. Visakhapatnam has a lot in the city, and it is not just a beach location, but it also has beautiful lakes, caves, valleys and mountain ranges. It has many beaches like R.K. Beach, Lawson Bay Beach, etc. Bora caves are also located near this city and are one of the largest in the country, it is famous for its irregularly shaped stalactites and stalagmites. Araku Valley is a famous hill station which is rich in biodiversity and has coffee plantations and waterfalls. It is a beautiful tourist destination that attracts a large number of tourists every year. Horsley Hills is also a famous hill station. Places to visit include Lake Gangotri, Environment Park, Horsley Museum and Gully Banda. Andhra Pradesh is one of the largest sweet water lakes in India, which is Koleru Lake and it is situated between Krishna and Godavari delta. It is a wildlife sanctuary and is of international importance. There are many religious and pilgrimage sites, such as the Tirupati every year, this temple is visited by millions of pilgrims. Tirumala (called as Tirumala Tirupati), which is a sacred temple town famous for Sri Venkateswara Temple also known as Tirumala Tirupati Balaji Temple. Our country is full of many treasures, one of which is natural and natural treasury. Similarly, Andhra Pradesh is full of the same treasure. Andhra Pradesh has got an accolade of Kohinoor which proves to be very special for nature lovers. Centuries ago, Andhra Pradesh was a major Buddhist center and part of the vast kingdom of Emperor Ashoka. It is, therefore, no wonder that even today the remains of early Buddhist influence appear in places in and around the state. Anantapur, Amaravati is a popular historical town situated on the southern bank of Krishna River in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh and is a popular pilgrimage for Buddhists. Suggested Read:  Formation Dates of Indian States Simmi Kamboj Related articles. Indian Festivals Father’s Day 2024 – Wishes, Quotes, Greetings, Images, Cards, Messages Buddha Purnima 2024 : Wishes, Quotes, Messages Mother’s Day 2024: SMS, wishes, greetings, WhatsApp message and Facebook quotes Happy Baisakhi 2024: Wishes, Messages, Quotes, Images, Facebook & Whatsapp status Happy Navratri 2024: Wishes, Messages, Quotes, Images, Facebook & Whatsapp status Relief, drainage, and soils Plant and animal life. Population composition Settlement patterns Agriculture, forestry, and fishing Resources and power Manufacturing Transportation Constitutional framework Health and welfare Cultural life Where is Andhra Pradesh located? What are the oldest known civilizations of India? What are the major holidays and festivals of India? Andhra Pradesh Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. IndiaNetzone - Andhra Pradesh, Indian State Globalsecurity.org - Andhra Pradesh, India Academia - Andhra Pradesh History Official Tourism Site of Andhra Pradesh, India Andhra Pradesh - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) Table Of Contents The state of Andhra Pradesh is located in the southeastern part of the Indian subcontinent and is bounded by the Indian states of Tamil Nadu to the south, Karnataka to the southwest and west, Telangana to the northwest and north, and Odisha to the northeast. Andhra Pradesh's eastern boundary is a 600-mile (970-km) coastline along the Bay of Bengal. When did Telangana separate from Andhra Pradesh? Telangana was a region within Andhra Pradesh for almost six decades, but in February 2014 both chambers of the Indian parliament gave final approval for the creation of Telangana as a separate state. Telangana became a state of India on June 2, 2014. When was Andhra Pradesh formed? The state of Andhra Pradesh was formed on November 1, 1956. Through the States Reorganization Act of 1956, the state of Hyderabad was split up, and its Telugu-speaking districts (constituting Telangana) joined with the Andhra state. What is the official language of Andhra Pradesh? Telugu is the official and most widely spoken language in Andhra Pradesh. Recent News Andhra Pradesh , state of India , located in the southeastern part of the subcontinent . It is bounded by the Indian states of Tamil Nadu to the south, Karnataka to the southwest and west, Telangana to the northwest and north, and Odisha to the northeast. The eastern boundary is a 600-mile (970-km) coastline along the Bay of Bengal . Telangana was a region within Andhra Pradesh for almost six decades, but in 2014 it was carved off to form a separate state. The capital of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana is Hyderabad , in west-central Telangana . The state draws its name from the Andhra people, who have inhabited the area since antiquity and developed their own language, Telugu . Andhra Pradesh came into existence in its present form in 1956 as a result of the demand of the Andhras for a separate state. Although it is primarily agricultural, the state has some mining activity and a significant amount of industry. Area 106,204 square miles (275,068 square km). Pop. (2011) 84,665,533. The state has three main physiographic regions: the coastal plain to the east, extending from the Bay of Bengal to the mountain ranges; the mountain ranges themselves, the Eastern Ghats , which form the western flank of the coastal plain; and, in the southwest, the plateau to the west of the Ghats. The coastal plain, also known as the Andhra region, runs almost the entire length of the state and is watered by several rivers, flowing from west to east through the hills into the bay. The deltas formed by the most important of those rivers—the Godavari and the Krishna —make up the central part of the plains, an area of fertile alluvial soil. The Eastern Ghats are part of a larger mountain system extending from central India to the far south and running parallel to the east coast. Interrupted by the great river valleys, the mountains do not form a continuous range. They have highly porous soils on their flanks. The plateau region in the southwestern portion of the state—part of the Deccan (peninsular India) and commonly called Rayalaseema—is composed of gneissic rock ( gneiss being a foliated rock formed in Earth’s interior under conditions of heat and pressure). It is highest in the far southwest, where elevations exceed 2,000 feet (600 metres), sloping downward toward the northeast. The Penneru River forms the main drainage system. As the result of erosion, the plateau is a region of graded valleys, with red sandy soil and isolated hills. Black soil is also found in certain parts of the area. A summer that lasts from March to June, a season of tropical rains that runs from July to September, and a winter that lasts from October to February constitute the three seasons of Andhra Pradesh. Summers are extraordinarily hot and humid, with maximum daily temperatures exceeding 95 °F (35 °C) and even surpassing 104 °F (40 °C) in the central portion of the state. Summer nightly minimums drop to below about 70 °F (20 °C) only in the far southwest. Winters are somewhat cooler, with January maximum temperatures between 86 and 95 °F (30 and 35 °C) in all but the northeastern portion of the state. Winter lows drop below about 60 °F (15 °C) only in the extreme northeast. Annual precipitation, which derives largely from the southwest monsoon rains, generally decreases toward the southwestern plateau area. Coastal areas receive about 40 to 47 inches (1,000 to 1,200 mm) per year, while the westernmost part of the plateau may receive only half that much. Rainfall totals in portions of the northeastern mountains exceed 47 inches and can be as high as 55 inches (1,400 mm). Mangrove swamps and palm trees fringe the coastal plain of Andhra Pradesh, while thorny vegetation covers the scattered hills of the plateau. About one-fifth of the state’s total area is forest-covered, with dense woodlands occurring primarily in the Eastern Ghats. The forests consist of both moist deciduous and dry savanna vegetation; teak , rosewood, wild fruit trees, and bamboo are plentiful. Elsewhere in the state, neem (which produces an aromatic oil), banyan , mango , and pipal (or Bo ; Ficus religiosa ) are among the common trees. Andhra Pradesh also has an array of flowering vegetation, including jasmine, rose, and a number of endemic species—particularly in the hilly region of the Eastern Ghats. Animal life, apart from common domestic types (dogs, cats, and cattle), includes tigers , blackbucks , hyenas , sloth bears , gaurs , and chital , which abound in the hills and forest areas. There also are dozens of species of birds, including flamingos and pelicans as well as some rare varieties, such as the Jerdon’s courser ( Rhinoptilus bitorquatus ), which is found in the thorny or scrub-covered areas surrounding the Eastern Ghats. The eastern coast is a nesting ground for sea turtles. Burrakatha – Essay On Folk Art Of Telangana And Andhra Pradesh Burrakatha is the semi-folk performing art Of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in India. It is also known as tandanapata, tambura katha and dakkilakatha. The root of Burrakatha lies in yakshagana as well as jaganakatha of whose prevalence some evidence is available, even before the 14 th century CE. In the place of sutradhara and vidushaka of the yakshagana, there is one kathaka and two or three vantulus in Burrakatha. The kathaka wears gejjas (tinkling bells) on his legs, holds a pair of talas in hand and tambura hangs around his shoulder. The vantulus hold two dakkis (percussion instruments) in their hands. The performance of Burrakatha varies from region to region. In coastal Andhra, dance is given more prominence, whereas in Telangana, music plays an important role. The performers of Burrakatha in the coastal area step front and back, swinging and curling while singing a song in tune with the tinkling sound of gejjas tied to their legs. The songs are sung in a standing position in Telangana. Burrakatha is a mixture of classical and folk arts. Though music is the life of this art, literature is also given due importance. Dance and drama, folk-music as well as classical music, classical literature as well as folk styles, ancient and modern literature, lyrics, colloquial language as well as standard language, are liberally used in the performance. The themes for the performance are taken from the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, puranas and history. The stories are often given a patriotic flavor. Sri Krishnarayabharam, Prahlada Vijayam, Satya Harishchandra, Sri Venkateswara Vaibhavam are popular themes taken from Hindu scriptures. Folk tales such as Balanagamma, Kamboja Raju Katha, and historical stories like Attur Sitaramaraju, Jhansi Laxmi Bai, Bobbili Yuddham are some of the themes very popular in the performance. Whatever the story or theme of the performance – religious, social, political or historical – the message given by Burrakatha widely appeals to the masses. Monthly Auspicious Days June 2024 Muruga Sashti Fasting - June 12 Ekadasi Fasting - June 18 Pradosh Fasting - June 19 Purnima - Full moon day - June 22, 2024 Angarak Sankashti Ganesh Chaturthi Vrat - June 25, 2024 Kalashtami - June 28 Amavasya - No moon day - July 5, 2024 Hindu Festivals and Fasting Dates in June 2024 Good Dates In June 2024 For Various Functions Beginnings Upcoming Hindu Festivals Rituals Hindu Festivals 2024 Hindu calendar 2024 in English And Hindi With Tithi Pdf Hindu Blog Astrology Predictions 2024 Diwali 2024 - October 31 Kumbh Mela 2025 - January 13 to February 26 Essential Hinduism Understanding Hinduism Hindu Concept of the Beginning and End of Universe Independent And Unbiased Views On Hindu Religion Hinduism The Greatest In The World Why I want To Be a Hindu? – Always 108 Facts about Sri Krishna – Unknown and Known 70 Objects Associated with Ganesha Ten Avatars of Srihari Vishnu And Evolution Musical Instruments In Hinduism 330 Million Gods In Hinduism - Reason - Meaning - Symbolism Hinduism Facts That They Don't Tell You Hinduism – A Great University of Religions Essay On Andhra Pradesh For Kids & Students Andhra Pradesh is a well-known Indian state for its beautiful culture and heritage where one can experience the natural beauty of landscapes, architecture, art and culture. Because of such beautiful experiences, Andhra Pradesh has enhanced image not only at national level but also at global level. Andhra Pradesh is the fifth largest state in India and this state is surrounded by Karnataka in the west, Tamil Nadu in the south, Maharashtra in north and Odisha and Madhya Pradesh on north-east. This Indian state is famous for glorious past and you will explore the amazing ancient temples, palaces, monuments, forts and rich culture at this destination. Andhra Pradesh welcomes you with amazing natural beauty and you will find dense forests, cloudy hills, glittering rivers, undulating mountains and silvery waterfalls in this state. This Indian state is also famous for many hill stations, national parks, beaches and wildlife sanctuaries. The beautiful culture, heritage and eye-catching beauty at lots of tourists from all over the world in Andhra Pradesh. Explore the beauty of Andhra Pradesh with comfort When you want to explore the natural beauty of Andhra Pradesh, you will find the complete comfort in this Indian state. It is easy to find the broad facilities of transportation, accommodation and delicious food during your stay in Andhra Pradesh. When you want to reach Andhra Pradesh by air, you will find International Airport in the capital city, Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh. There are many more airports located in cities like Visakhapatnam, Tirupati, Vijayawada and others to connect this state to rest of the world. You can also visit the main tourist attractions by using road services or railway services. Andhra Pradesh is connected to rest of the country with superfast and expresses train services. With the major network of roads and highways, you will find it easy to visit in different cities of Andhra Pradesh. In the culture of Andhra Pradesh, you will also find the best chances to explore the amazing art displays, dance festivals, traditional attires, ancient architecture and much more during your visit. This state is also famous for many plays of modern drama, literature, music and visual arts for the tourists. Therefore, it will be a perfect destination to explore all these experiences with your family in Andhra Pradesh. When you want to find the complete comfort and luxury facilities during your visit, you can easily find many tour packages for Andhra Pradesh. It will be an amazing experience to feel the soul of this culture. Santosh Kumar Related posts. 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For Mains: Key recommendations of the various linguistic commissions and Its implication on unity and integrity of nation. Why in News? Recently, Andhra Pradesh marked the 10 th anniversary of its bifurcation into two states, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. This significant political shift offers a compelling opportunity to explore its wide-ranging implications on the political, economic , and historical landscape of the Telugu people. How Andhra Pradesh has been Divided on Linguistic Basis? This move was aimed at promoting the interests of various linguistic groups. This leads to demand for linguistic state. The roots of the agitation can be traced back to the linguistic reorganization movements that gained momentum in post-independence India. The demand for a separate state for Telugu-speaking individuals was driven by a desire to preserve and promote their linguistic and cultural identity. One of the most pivotal figures in this movement was Potti Sreeramulu, a Gandhian and social activist. He undertook a hunger strike on 19th October, 1952, demanding the creation of a separate state of Andhra Pradesh for Telugu speaking people. His martyrdom after 56 days of fasting , intensified the agitation and forced the Indian government to reconsider their stance on linguistic reorganisation. Purpose : To examine the feasibility of reorganization of states on linguistic lines. Outcome: The Dar Commission , headed by S.K. Dar, did not support the idea of reorganisation solely based on language. It emphasized administrative efficiency over linguistic homogeneity. Members: Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhbhai Patel, and Pattabhi Sitaramayya. Purpose: To reassess the demands for linguistic states after the recommendations of the Dar Commission. Outcome: The JVP Committee also recommended against the reorganization of states purely on linguistic lines, suggesting that such reorganisation could lead to administrative difficulties and national disintegration. Members : Fazal Ali (Chairman), K.M. Panikkar, and H.N. Kunzru. Purpose: To examine the entire question of the reorganisation of states on linguistic and other bases. Outcome : It recommended the creation of linguistic states but with certain reservations to ensure national integration and administrative convenience. Its recommendations led to the formation of several states based on linguistic lines. It was based on the recommendations of the Fazal Ali Commission. The act led to the reorganization of state boundaries across India, significantly altering the political map of the country. The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 merged the Telugu-speaking areas of Hyderabad state with the Andhra state to create the enlarged Andhra Pradesh. The death of Potti Sreeramulu led to violent protests and a significant public outcry and following the recommendations of several committees the Indian government, decided to form a separate state on linguistic basis. The first linguistic state of India, known as the state of Andhra, by taking out the Telugu speaking areas from the State of Madras was created. On 2 nd June, 2014 the northwestern part of Andhra Pradesh was separated and 29th state Telangana was created through the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014. The issue of granting Special Category Status (SCS) to Andhra Pradesh has been a significant and contentious topic since the bifurcation of the state in 2014. What is Special Category Status (SCS)? SCS is a classification granted to some States by the Centre to assist development, based on geographical and socio-economic disadvantages. The scheme was introduced in 1969 on the recommendation of the Fifth Finance Commission. Hilly and difficult terrain Low population density and/or sizeable share of tribal population Strategic location along international borders Economic and infrastructural backwardness Non-viable nature of State finances The 14 th Finance Commission has done away with the 'special category status' for states, except for the Northeastern and three hill states. States with Special Status: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, and Uttarakhand . What are the Constitutional Provision for Formation of New State? Parliament may by law admit into the Union, or establish, new States on such terms and conditions as it thinks fit. Form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more States or parts of States or by uniting any territory to a part of any State Increase the area of any State Diminish the area of any State Alter the boundaries of any State Alter the name of any State What are the Important Fact about State of Andhra Pradesh? Bordered: The state is bordered by Chhattisgarh to the north, Odisha to the northeast, Telangana and Karnataka to the west, Tamil Nadu to the south, and the Bay of Bengal to the east. Festival: Ugadi , Pedda Panduga , Pongal Art & Culture: Tholu Bommalata (Puppet show), Dappu (The Dance of Percussion), Veera Natyam (The Dance of the Brave), Tappeta Gullu (The Dance of the Rain God), Kolattam, Lambadi (The Dance of Nomads), Kuchipudi , Bhama Kalapam, Yakshagana , Kalamkari (Textile Art) . Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger reserve Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary (Mangrove forests) Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary Atapaka Bird Sanctuary (Kolleru Lake) Papikonda Wildlife Sanctuary Tribes: Chenchu , Gadabas, Sawara, Kondh , Kolam, Porja Discuss the historical context and significance of the linguistic reorganisation of states in India, particularly focusing on the events leading up to the formation of Andhra Pradesh. UPSC Civil Services Examination Previous Year Question (PYQ) Q. The power of the Supreme Court of India to decide disputes between the Centre and the States falls under its (2014) (a) advisory jurisdiction (b) appellate jurisdiction (c) original jurisdiction (d) writ jurisdiction List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh From 1956 to 2024 Andhra Pradesh has been steered by several visionary leaders since its inception. Check List of Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh From 1956 to 2024 in this article. Andhra Pradesh, a state replete with historical significance, cultural richness, and political dynamism, has been steered by several visionary leaders since its inception. The political journey of Andhra Pradesh has been shaped by these leaders who have served as the state’s Chief Ministers, each contributing to the state’s development and navigating through various challenges. Check List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh From 1956 to 2024 in this article. S. No. Name From To 1 Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 01 Nov 1956 11 Jan 1960 2 Damodaram Sanjivayya 11 Jan 1960 12 Mar 1962 3 Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 12 Mar 1962 20 Feb 1964 4 Kasu Brahmananda Reddy 21 Feb 1964 20 Sep 1971 5 P. V. Narasimha Rao 30 Sep 1971 10 Jan 1973 6 President’s Rule 11 Jan 1973 10 Dec 1973 7 Jalagam Vengala Rao 10 Dec 1973 06 Mar 1978 8 Marri Chenna Reddy 06 Mar 1978 11 Oct 1980 9 Tanguturi Anjaiah 11 Oct 1980 24 Feb 1982 10 Bhavanam Venkatarami Reddy 24 Feb 1982 20 Sep 1982 11 Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy 20 Sep 1982 09 Jan 1983 12 N. T. Rama Rao 09 Jan 1983 16 Aug 1984 13 Nadendla Bhaskara Rao 16 Aug 1984 16 Sep 1984 14 N. T. Rama Rao 16 Sep 1984 02 Dec 1989 15 Marri Chenna Reddy 03 Dec 1989 17 Dec 1990 16 N. Janardhana Reddy 17 Dec 1990 09 Oct 1992 17 Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy 09 Oct 1992 12 Dec 1994 18 N. T. Rama Rao 12 Dec 1994 01 Sep 1995 19 N. Chandrababu Naidu 01 Sep 1995 14 May 2004 20 Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy 14 May 2004 02 Sep 2009 21 K. Rosaiah 03 Sep 2009 24 Nov 2010 22 N. Kiran Kumar Reddy 25 Nov 2010 01 Mar 2014 23 President’s Rule 01 Mar 2014 08 Jun 2014 24 N. Chandrababu Naidu 08 Jun 2014 29 May 2019 25 Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy 30 May 2019 Present Party : Indian National Congress First Chief Minister post-formation. Focused on rural development and major infrastructure projects. Implemented transformative river valley schemes to boost agriculture. First Dalit Chief Minister in India. Emphasized social justice and upliftment of underprivileged communities. Significant contributions to industrial and educational sectors. Established various institutions and industrial projects. Later became Prime Minister of India. Focused on educational reforms and development projects during his tenure. Period of political instability where the state was directly governed by the central government. Focused on law and order. Development of infrastructure and welfare of backward classes. Served two non-consecutive terms. Addressed regional disparities and demonstrated administrative acumen. Efforts to boost industrial growth. Focused on addressing unemployment, faced significant political challenges. Brief tenure, continued development projects of predecessors. Marked by political instability. Emphasized agricultural development and rural infrastructure. Significant leadership during droughts and economic challenges. Party : Telugu Desam Party (TDP) Former film star, founded TDP. Known for populist policies, agricultural reforms, and promoting Telugu pride and culture. Served shortest term of 31 days. Period marked by political turbulence. Modernized state infrastructure. Focused on economic stability and agricultural improvement. Longest-serving Chief Minister. Visionary leadership in IT development and urban infrastructure. Transformed Hyderabad into a global IT hub. Known for welfare schemes and rural development. Significant advancements in healthcare and education (e.g., Arogyasri, fee reimbursement). Transitional leadership following YSR’s death. Focused on maintaining governance continuity and stability. Leadership marked by the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh. Efforts to address concerns of people during this period. Party : Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party (YSRCP) Focus on inclusive development. Initiatives like the Navaratnalu scheme for welfare and development. Ongoing leadership shaping the state’s future. The political history of Andhra Pradesh, from its formation in 1956 to 2024, reflects a rich tapestry of leadership, vision, and resilience. Each Chief Minister has played a pivotal role in shaping the state’s trajectory, contributing to its development and navigating through numerous challenges. As the state continues to evolve, the legacy of these leaders remains integral to understanding Andhra Pradesh’s past and future. Sharing is caring! List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh FAQs How many chief ministers are in the ap list. The chief minister's term, subject to assembly confidence, lasts 5 years with no limits. Since 1953, there have been 19 chief ministers with the majority of them belonging to the Indian National Congress (INC). Who was the first CM of combined AP? The Indian National Congress (INC) ruled the state from 1956 to 1982. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy became the first chief minister. What is the surname of AP CM? Jagan Mohan Reddy was born into a Christian Reddy family in Jammalamadugu in Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh to Y. S. Greetings! I'm Piyush, a content writer at StudyIQ. I specialize in creating enlightening content focused on UPSC and State PSC exams. Let's embark on a journey of discovery, where we unravel the intricacies of these exams and transform aspirations into triumphant achievements together! General Knowledge indian polity Leave a comment Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. UPSC Online Coaching UPSC Exam 2024 UPSC Syllabus 2024 UPSC Prelims Syllabus 2024 UPSC Mains Syllabus 2024 UPSC Exam Pattern 2024 UPSC Age Limit 2024 UPSC Calendar 2024 UPSC Syllabus in Hindi UPSC Full Form Recent Posts UPPSC Exam 2024 UPPSC Calendar UPPSC Syllabus 2024 UPPSC Exam Pattern 2024 UPPSC Application Form 2024 UPPSC Eligibility Criteria 2024 UPPSC Admit card 2024 UPPSC Salary And Posts UPPSC Cut Off UPPSC Previous Year Paper BPSC Exam 2024 BPSC 70th Notification BPSC 69th Exam Analysis BPSC Admit Card BPSC Syllabus BPSC Exam Pattern BPSC Cut Off BPSC Question Papers IB ACIO Exam IB ACIO Salary IB ACIO Syllabus CSIR SO ASO Exam CSIR SO ASO Exam 2024 CSIR SO ASO Result 2024 CSIR SO ASO Exam Date CSIR SO ASO Question Paper CSIR SO ASO Answer key 2024 CSIR SO ASO Exam Date 2024 CSIR SO ASO Syllabus 2024 Study Material Categories Daily The Hindu Analysis Daily Practice Quiz for Prelims Daily Answer Writing Daily Current Affairs Indian Polity Environment and Ecology Art and Culture Biographies IMPORTANT EXAMS Terms & Conditions Return & Refund Policy Privacy Policy DOI: 10.56042/ijtk.v23i5.11039 Corpus ID: 270117265 The intangible art of toy making process and its impact on the house forms of Kondapalli village, Andhra Pradesh, India Lilly Rose Amirtham , Shriya Singh Published in Indian Journal of Traditional… 22 May 2024 Art, Sociology Figures from this paper 24 References The rural economy: an untapped source of jobs, growth and development, indigenous artifacts of adi tribe in arunachal pradesh: are they waning amidst the waves of globalization, traditional handloom practices of nyishi tribe of arunachal pradesh, eastern himalaya, promoting traditional occupations in indigenous populations of meghalaya, india, impact of culture on rural built environment, analyzing vernacular sustainable design principles- a case study of a vernacular dwelling in godavari region of andhra pradesh, india, understanding the climate sensitive architecture of marikal, a village in telangana region in andhra pradesh, india, role of ngo in the development of sugalis: a case study of a settlement in andhra pradesh, the way of the masks, related papers. Showing 1 through 3 of 0 Related Papers International Today’s Paper T20 World Cup Express Shorts Mini Crossword Premium Stories Health & Wellness The new Naidu: How the TDP chief scripted his comeback Less than a year ago, chandrababu naidu had his back to the wall -- an arrest had derailed his plans and ysrcp’s jagan mohan reddy rode high. he has now ensured a spectacular win for the tdp in andhra pradesh and a place on the nda high table.. In November last year, with six months left to go for the simultaneous Lok Sabha and Assembly polls in Andhra Pradesh, Telugu Desam Party (TDP) chief N Chandrababu Naidu appeared at a rally in Kurnool, where he made an emotional appeal to the people. “If you send me (and my party) to the Assembly, only then will Andhra Pradesh see development. Else, this will be my last election,” he said. Many saw in the appeal, which came at the end of a tumultuous five years for Naidu and his party, the desperation of a man who was down and out and at 73, possibly staring at the end of his political career. Naidu had been trounced by the Jagan Mohan Reddy ’s YSR Congress Party (YSRCP) in the previous elections — the TDP had gone down to 23 seats in the Assembly and three in the Lok Sabha — and just when it seemed he was clawing his way back, Naidu was arrested in the AP Skill Development case. Yet, six months later, Naidu has managed to effect a stunning turnaround of fortunes, winning 136 of the 144 seats to come back as CM for the fourth time, while his allies — Pawan Kalyan ’s Jana Sena Party (JSP) and BJP — have added 29 more seats, reducing the YSRCP to 12. In the Lok Sabha elections, the TDP ended up with 16 seats, elevating the party to the second largest in the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) and earning Naidu a key place in the coalition high table. The turnaround TDP leaders insist that even after the crushing defeat of 2019, Naidu was down, but never out. “Yes, the cadre was demotivated and it is only natural. But, we are emotionally connected with the cadre and even in our heaviest defeat, in 2019, we managed a vote share of 40%, which means around 1.5 crore people voted for us. We had to keep going for these 1.5 crore people. Mr Naidu ensured he and the party were emotionally connected with the cadre through regular meetings and assurances,” TDP general secretary and Naidu’s son Nara Lokesh said in an interview to The Indian Express . Just after the 2019 defeat, the leaders say, Naidu went into a huddle with his advisors and came up with a three-pronged fightback strategy that was “cadre-centric, party-centric and leader-centric”. Lokesh said that soon after losing power, Naidu was presented with a “golden chance” when Jagan ordered the demolition of the Praja Vedika, a cluster of 50-odd buildings along the banks of the Krishna river in Guntur district, and scrapped the Amaravati capital development project . “Our leader grabbed the opportunity and went to the people. The incident showed that if a former CM could be attacked, the common man would not be spared,” said senior TDP leader Jyothsna Tirunagari. A TDP leader said the run-up to the February 2023 Legislative Council elections, which the TDP won 4-0, recharged the cadre. “The CM was instrumental in motivating the cadre. In one of the meetings before these polls, he made it clear that a victory in the MLC polls is the best way to infuse energy into the cadre,” the leader said. Brand Naidu Months into the Jagan regime, the TDP joined hands with a political consultancy, ShowTime Consulting (STC), which would prove to be a vital cog in his comeback plan. “Under Naidu’s guidance, STC got down to work and began restructuring the party by establishing communication channels with the cadre and the second-rung leadership. We also focussed on bringing back the 6,000-odd panchayat-level leaders who had defected or were forced to defect to the YSRCP during the 2019 elections,” says STC Director Shantanu Singh. Naidu drew from his own experience — he was master strategist for TDP founder and his father-in-law Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao’s (NTR) in the 1980s — to ideate and lead from the front. Until March 2023, he held daily review meetings with his leaders and the STC team, after which the frequency of these sessions went up. “We met twice or even thrice a day. Once the campaign began, his lunch break turned into a review meeting,” says Singh. A senior TDP leader said Naidu’s hands-on approach helped him sense the anger among people towards the YSRCP government. The ‘Entra Mana Karma’ (what’s our fate) campaign, which targeted Jagan on his alleged atrocities, was reportedly Naidu’s brainchild. “So was the selfie campaign, when he posted a picture of him taking a selfie at a long-pending, under-construction bridge,” the leader said. The campaigns, Singh says, gave the party ammunition to attack the Jagan government over “unfulfilled promises, lack of employment and lack of investments” in the state. “The battle for Andhra had transformed into a Jagan versus everybody, including the people of the state,” said Robin Sharma, another Director at STC. The party took a page out of Jagan’s textbook by setting off on yatras across the state — first, the ‘Yuva Galam Yatra’ or Voice of the Youth, a mass contact programme by Lokesh, and later Naidu’s own Praja Galam Yatra. For the next few months, Naidu and the TDP seemed to be on the rise. The May 2023 Mahanadu at Rajahmundry , where Naidu unveiled his Super 6 schemes (six guarantees, including jobs for the youth and free bus travel for women), and the “Babu surety, bhavishyathuku guarantee (Babu’s surety, future’s guarantee)” campaign, further instilled confidence in the cadre. However, it all seemed to come crashing down for the former CM and the party when, on September 9 last year, Naidu was arrested in the alleged AP Skill Development scam. The TDP now stared at the prospect of going back to where it started in 2019. “Definitely, there was anger among the cadre, even disappointment, but people refused to believe Naidu was corrupt. I was stopped midway while I was going to meet him in Vijayawada . This only exposed Jagan’s high-handedness,” said Lokesh. While some believed it was the end of the road for the TDP, Naidu ran the party from jail. As Lokesh visited his father in jail and took his “guidance”, Bhuvaneswari held daily meetings and rallies to ensure that the TDP’s campaign was not derailed. “He read every word of the papers related to the case filed against him and constantly gave us inputs and guidance on the party’s next course of action. While it was initially challenging for my mother to be in the spotlight, she knew it was important… His time in jail was tough for the family, but it built ‘Brand Naidu’,” said Lokesh. Days after Naidu’s arrest, JSP’s Pawan Kalyan, who was hoping to meet Naidu but was denied entry by Jagan into Andhra, announced a tie-up with the TDP. A highly placed source close to Naidu said talks with the JSP had been going on since early 2022. On October 31, 53-days after being arrested, Naidu walked out on bail but in a new avatar. “Jail time gave him the space to prepare a strategy. Not once did he try to gain sympathy by crying foul over his arrest. Instead, he continued to attack Jagan with renewed vigour over issues such as debt, welfare disbursement and other people-related issues. The message that went out was that Naidu was firmly behind the people while Jagan was using them for votes,” the source says. By February 2024, sources said, the TDP had set up a central command centre in Hyderabad with a 200-strong workforce that worked round-the-clock. “Naidu used the command centre to communicate with the cadre, second-rung leadership and candidates. By early March, we had a 11-member war-room in each Assembly segment,” the source said. In the last push before the May 13 polls, Naidu took it upon himself and addressed rallies, held roadshows and events in support of the TDP as well as JSP and BJP candidates. Four years after it started “rebuilding” the TDP, the STC, meanwhile, was left with the task of “promoting a good product”. “Naidu’s experience as a proven administrator and his knack of raising the right issues at the right time meant that by the final leg of campaigning, we were only left with the easy job of promoting him on social media,” Singh said. As campaigning drew to a close, TDP sources said internally, they believed they would win around 140 seats. “The numbers on result day (164 seats in the Assembly) were staggering and beyond expectations. It just showed how much anger people had against the Jagan government,” Lokesh said. What next for Naidu? Speaking at the NDA meeting on June 7, Naidu, while congratulating Narendra Modi , said, “Balancing regional aspirations and national interests must run parallelly while ensuring holistic development for all strata of society.” Naidu’s message showed that he was already beginning to underline his demands, and is expected to be more aggressive going ahead. Naidu’s immediate challenges as the next Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh will include securing Special Status for the state, ensuring his welfare schemes are implemented and creating more employment opportunities, all of which require funds and the Centre’s backing. And Naidu will almost certainly drive a hard bargain. As his record in earlier versions of the NDA shows, Naidu has never been an easy coalition partner. Following the Gujarat riots of 2002, Naidu was demanded the resignation of then CM Narendra Modi, saying adherence to secularism was one of his basic conditions for supporting the NDA. Though he stayed on then, he parted ways with the NDA in 2004 after his loss to the Congress in the Assembly and Lok Sabha polls of united Andhra Pradesh that year. He joined the NDA again ahead of the 2014 elections and four years later, asked his two ministers at the Centre — P Ashok Gajapati Raju and Y Satyanarayana Chowdary — to resign over the BJP not granting Andhra Pradesh special status. His party also moved a no-confidence motion against Modi, which was defeated. But this time around, as he enters the NDA a decade since he walked out, this could be a new Naidu, say those close to him. Tatikonda MLA Tenali Sravan Kumar said, “It is true that he had demanded Modi’s resignation after Godhra, but this time, it is unlikely that he will be the hard bargainer that he was since he has the state’s interests on priority. 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Get features like Latest News Entertainment Real Estate Narendra Modi Oath Ceremony LIVE Crickit Predictor India vs Pakistan Live Score World Cup Schedule 2024 World Cup Most Wickets The Interview World Cup Points Table Web Stories Virat Kohli Mumbai News Bengaluru News Daily Digest Election Schedule 2024 TDP's Sribharat Mathukumili win Andhra Pradesh's Vishakapatnam by huge margin Telugu desam party's (tdp) sribharat mathukumili won against ysrcp's jhansi lakshmi botcha, by a huge margin of over 4.5 lakh votes.. Telugu Desam Party (TDP)'s Sribharat Mathukumili won against Jagan Mohan Reddy led YSRCP's candidate Botcha Jhansi Lakshmi by a huge margin of over five lakh votes, the Election Commission of India (ECI) website reported. Lakshmi is the wife of state education minister Botsa Satyanarayana, while 35-year-old Sri Bharat is president of the Visakhapatnam-based Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (deemed to be university). Read more: Lok Sabha Elections 2024 LIVE Updates With over 1,829,300 voters, the seat went to the polls in the fourth phase on May 13 and recorded a voter turnout of 71.1%, higher than the 67.4% recorded in 2019. In 2019, YSRCP candidate MVV Satyanarayana emerged victorious from the seat with a narrow margin of 0.36% votes, defeating Telugu Desam Party’s Bharat Mathukumilli. Since 1962, the seat has traditionally swung between the Congress and TDP. However, in the past two Lok Sabha elections held in 2014 and 2019, the constituency went to BJP and YSRCP, respectively. Among the 25 Lok Sabha constituencies in Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam being a cosmopolitan city and headquarters of the Eastern Naval Command is a crucial powerhouse that has influence in Indian politics. In 2019 across the state, YSRCP, led by chief minister YS Jagan Mohan Reddy, won 22 seats, while the TDP could only win three seats. Also read: Visakhapatnam as capital: Will YSRCP’s proposal cut ice with voters? In the run-up to the 2024 general elections, TDP sealed a pre-poll alliance with the Jana Sena Party and the Bharatiya Janata Party. During the campaign, YSRCP emphasised the backward category card, highlighting Jhansi's belonging to the community. Her education and extensive experience as a parliamentarian were also seen as significant advantages. Meanwhile, TDP ran a door-to-door campaign, with Bharat promoting six key promises from his party, such as ₹ 4,000 pension for elderly people, ₹ 15,000 assistance under Talliki Vandanam, three free LPG refills per year, and free travel on APSRTC services. Various exit polls on May 1 predicted victory for the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) in Andhra Pradesh in the state assembly and Lok Sabha polls. Get World Cup ready with Crickit ! From live scores to match stats, catch all the action here. Explore now! 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Crafted with meticulous care, these veenas are fashioned from logs of jackwood sourced from Gollapalli, a town in Bobbili. 100 Words Essay on Andhra Pradesh 10 Lines on Andhra Pradesh; 250 Words Essay on Andhra Pradesh Introduction. Andhra Pradesh, often referred to as the "Rice Bowl of India", is a state located in the southeastern coastal region of the country. It is known for its rich cultural history, diverse traditions, and significant contributions to the nation's economic growth. Andhra Pradesh Arts and Crafts The state's culture is an important aspect of the country's rich cultural legacy. Kalamkari, Bidri, the amazing weaving of Gadwal and Venkatagiri, the exclusive metalware, brass, stone, and wood carving highlight the enormous talent of the Andhra craftsmen.. 1. Budithi Art Budithi Brass Art - Source, Lepakshi Handicrafts Budithi art, a unique and special style of metal handicrafts in ... Essay on Culture of Andhra Pradesh In conclusion, the culture of Andhra Pradesh is a beautiful tapestry of rich traditions, vibrant art forms, profound literature, delectable cuisine, and deep-rooted religious beliefs. It is a testament to the state's historical legacy and its ability to embrace change while staying true to its roots. The culture of Andhra Pradesh thus offers ... Culture Of Andhra Pradesh Art & Craft Of Andhra Pradesh Handmade figurines found in Andhra Pradesh Source. The art of Andhra Pradesh is not limited to being traditional or modern - you can find a variety of designs blended in different kinds of colours. There is something fresh about the paintings, handicrafts, and handlooms which are merely sub-categories of the art ... Andhra Pradesh Culture Lambadi Dance - Ramesh Lalwani /Flickr. Andhra Pradesh is a land of three prominent legends in the world of Carnatic music, namely Shyama Sastri, Thyagaraja, and Muthuswami Dixtar. Since the Telugu language is spoken by most people in the state, it can represent the original spirit of the people through the music. Culture of Andhra Pradesh Hanuman and Ravana in tholu bommalata, the shadow puppet tradition of Andhra Pradesh, India. The culture of Andhra Pradesh embodies some very exclusive and special entities.. Women wear Venkatagiri, Pedana, Bandarulanka, Uppada, Mangalagiri, Dharmavaram sarees. The exclusive metal ware, brass, stone and wood carving from Budithi in Srikakulam District and Veenas from Bobbili and colourful toys ... Culture Kalamkari has a long history in Kalahasti and Machilipatnam in Andhra Pradesh, the nerve centres of this art continue to be beehives of Kalamkari activity. A native and ancient art of Andhra, the name itself dates back only to the Golconda period. Kalamkari colours are made from vegetable dyes. In addition to themes from the epics, Kalamkari ... (PDF) REGIONAL ART FORMS OF ANDHRA PRADESH The present paper will explore the multiple regional art forms of Andhra Pradesh. Discover the world's research. 25+ million members; 160+ million publication pages; ... 54 Working Papers, 19 ... Andhra Pradesh AP Art and Culture Study Material PDF The document provides an overview of the art and culture of Andhra Pradesh, India. It discusses the religion, festivals, dance, music, drama, language, and visual arts of the region. The key aspects covered are: 1) The major religions in Andhra Pradesh including Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity. Many festivals like Ugadi, Dasara, and Deepavali are celebrated. 2) Dance forms include Kuchipudi ... Wikipedia : WikiProject India/History of Andhra Pradesh Andhra's cultural history can be summarized under the sections of Art, Architecture, Literature, Cuisine, Clothing and Religion/Philosophy. Art: Annamayya, TyagaRaju, Kuchipudi summarize the rich artistic traditions of Andhra Pradesh. Contributions of Annamacharya and Tyagaraja to the "grammar of sound" made Telugu language the preferred language of composition for Carnatic Music and made ... Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh ( English: / ˌɑːndrə prəˈdɛʃ /, [11] Telugu: [aːndʱrɐ prɐdeːʃ] ⓘ abbr. AP) is a state in the southern coastal region of India. It is the seventh-largest state with an area of 162,970 km 2 (62,920 sq mi) [5] and the tenth-most populous state with 49,577,103 inhabitants. [4] Kuchipudi kuchipudi, one of six classical dance styles of India. Kuchipudi is indigenous to the state of Andhra Pradesh and differs from the other five classical styles by the inclusion of singing. Kuchipudi originated in the 17th century with the creation by Sidhyendra Yogi of the dance-drama Bhama Kalapam, a story of Satyabhāma, the charming but jealous wife of the god Krishna. Andhra Pradesh Culture Art and Craft Andhra Pradesh is a multifarious state that has covered each and every aspect of existence, all-embracing from technology to arts and crafts. The arts and crafts of the state comprise of a remarkable range of handicrafts, paintings and handlooms. Dances Andhra Pradesh has always been known for its rich culture. ... Enchanting Folk Dances of Andhra Pradesh Reflecting ... 10. Dhimsa. 11. Tappeta Gullu. 12. Bonalu. Image/ Wikimedia. The only Indian state with three capitals - Andra Pradesh is a boon to India. Packed with emerald greenery, soul-soothing rivers and serene temples, the state of Andra Pradesh lies on the southeastern coast of India. Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh is a state located on the south-east coast of India. According to the area, it is the seventh-largest state in India and the tenth most populous state. The largest city in this state is Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada. Historically, the areas covered in the state were known as Andhraapath, Andhraadesa, Andhraavani, and Andhra.. The northern region of Andhra Pradesh is a hill. Rayalaseema the Royal Realm: Architecture and Art of Southern Andhra This volume of Marg is dedicated to the architectural and artistic heritage of Rayalaseema, the Royal Realm, a name given to the region encompassing Kurnool, Anantapur, Cuddapah and Chittoor districts in present-day Andhra Pradesh. This legacy may be traced back more than 2,000 years, as evidenced by the ancient, enigmatic stone figural lingam at Gudimallam. Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh, state of India, located in the southeastern part of the subcontinent.It is bounded by the Indian states of Tamil Nadu to the south, Karnataka to the southwest and west, Telangana to the northwest and north, and Odisha to the northeast. The eastern boundary is a 600-mile (970-km) coastline along the Bay of Bengal.Telangana was a region within Andhra Pradesh for almost six ... Burrakatha Burrakatha is the semi-folk performing art Of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in India. It is also known as tandanapata, tambura katha and dakkilakatha. The root of Burrakatha lies in yakshagana as well as jaganakatha of whose prevalence some evidence is available, even before the 14 th century CE. In the place of sutradhara and vidushaka of the ... Culture of Andhra Pradesh: Know the Different Culture of State Here are some key aspects of the culture of Andhra Pradesh: Language: The official language of Andhra Pradesh is Telugu. Telugu is one of the classical languages of India and has a rich literary tradition. It is widely spoken and forms an integral part of the cultural identity of the region. Festivals: Andhra Pradesh is known for its vibrant ... Essay On Andhra Pradesh For Kids & Students Andhra Pradesh is a well-known Indian state for its beautiful culture and heritage where one can experience the natural beauty of landscapes, architecture, art and culture. Because of such beautiful experiences, Andhra Pradesh has enhanced image not only at national level but also at global level. Andhra Pradesh is the fifth largest state in India and this state is surrounded by Karnataka in ... Creation of Andhra Pradesh and Special Category Status On 2 nd June, 2014 the northwestern part of Andhra Pradesh was separated and 29th state Telangana was created through the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014. The issue of granting Special Category Status (SCS) to Andhra Pradesh has been a significant and contentious topic since the bifurcation of the state in 2014. History of Andhra Pradesh The recorded history of Andhra Pradesh, one of the 28 states of 21st-century India, begins in the Vedic period.It is mentioned in Sanskrit epics such as the Aitareya Brahmana (800 BCE). Its sixth-century BCE incarnation Assaka lay between the Godavari and Krishna Rivers, one of sixteen mahajanapadas (700-300 BCE). The Satavahanas succeeded them (230 BCE-220 CE), built Amaravati, and ... List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh From 1956 to 2024 The political journey of Andhra Pradesh has been shaped by these leaders who have served as the state's Chief Ministers, each contributing to the state's development and navigating through various challenges. Check List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh From 1956 to 2024 in this article. The intangible art of toy making process and its impact on the house The study analyses the association of toy-making process of Kondapalli Village (Andhra Pradesh) with its impact on the built environment of the inhabitants over years. The following study attempts to analyze the toy-making process of Kondapalli Village and its impact on the built environment of the houses. The new Naidu: How the TDP chief scripted his comeback Then Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh Chandrababu Naidu along with a delegation called on the former Prime Minister PV Narasimha Rao in New Delhi on 31.10.1995. (Express archive photo) Naidu drew from his own experience — he was master strategist for TDP founder and his father-in-law Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao's (NTR) in the 1980s — to ideate and lead from the front. TDP's Sribharat Mathukumili win Andhra Pradesh's Vishakapatnam by huge Telugu Desam Party's (TDP) Sribharat Mathukumili won against YSRCP's Jhansi Lakshmi Botcha, by a huge margin of over 4.5 lakh votes. essay homework paper phd project resume review speech study thesis