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	in a sentence ? Here are some examples. is incoherent for deep metaphysical and empirical reasons.
To test this could throw useful light on seasonal regulation of northern insects.
In 1915, with his theory of general relativity, Einstein extended this to include gravitation.
Democracies work well, and my is that this is because people in the mass have a different kind of intelligence at work.
To test this , we established 20 X 30 m field plots of lima beans with many pods and with few pods.
However, this has never been systematically tested using mortuary data from sites representing this time period.
Saccheri then studied the of the acute angle and derived many theorems of non-Euclidean geometry without realising what he was doing.
They may not have given sufficient weight to two other factors, one an arguable and the other a central fact of British politics.
This NY Times article describes Dr. Amar J. S. Klar's that there is a specific dominant gene that causes right-handedness.
Einstein used Planck's quantum to describe the electromagnetic radiation of light.
For, even by his simplistic , it is difficult to tell in which half Floyd lies.
You start with the that an applicant is serving a life sentence.
One of my objections to the has been that it's hard to rationalize, mechanistically.
My hypothesis that the watch is in your pocket because you stole it, is not an ad hoc .
According to the heterotroph , hydrogen was not a chief component of the atmosphere when life began.
This provides a rationale for a respecting adstrate development in the area.
Further data of the energetic cost of breeding for males and females of other ratite species would be valuable for testing that .
They do not lend themselves, as entities or wholes, to scientific testing.
This contradicts the view that people fight to secure control over environmental riches.
Where the influence of a stream or river is possible, even of short duration, that should be considered.

If you're looking for a , it may be interesting to document how different antenna lengths impact radio reception.
The segmented market explains the yield curve's shape in terms of relative supply and demand for securities at different maturities.
This needs to be tested by using long acting and short acting antimalarials and studying their effect on immune responses.
With the growth of anatomical knowledge, the literal of the morbidly wandering womb became increasingly untenable.
Evolutionary biologists call this phenomenon, in which an organism evolves just to stay in place, the Red Queen .
This, of course, is all debatable as well, but it at least seems like a working .
Take the case of accepting something as a working or for the sake of argument.
The wrangler has no to establish or no concern for truth but the only aim is to create doubt regarding well established facts.
Our secondary was that relapse rates would be same in the two treatment regimens.
Our data support the that bone lead may be mobilized during pregnancy and lactation.
Our study supports the of allogenic coexistence of American beech and sugar maple in Warren Woods.
This phylogenetic had been held valid until it was recently reinvestigated.
But detailed examination of Yanomami ecology failed to support Harris's .
If, however, we adopt the second , we have to inquire only as to the relation between cause and effect.
We used the test with Yates's correction to avoid spurious rejection of the null when expectations are too small.
I pondered the significance of this statement before agreeing, yes, his may prove correct.
She had covered most of the distance when the light turned amber, then green, thus confirming her .
This has led to the that this treatment may be helpful in dampening that lateralized hyperexcitability.
In other work, I have used the inverted spectrum as an argument against functionalism and representationism.
This study supported the that plateau zokor kept their gut capacity stable in the natural environment.

Thus, testing the developed in this paper remains a future research objective.
Our results provide further support for the that the male genital tract may serve as a reservoir of HPV infection.
A third is that depression occurs through the same biologic mechanisms as the underlying disease.
Nonetheless, the circadian clock of plants is currently being dissected and this evidence may be helpful for formation.
Scientists can't check Ohno's by watching the DVD of the Y's life story, complete with quadraphonic sound.
This well explains why even the same cave has different patterns of calving and different chisel marks.
The foregoing is not to say that Newton does not appreciate the fact that a phylogenetic can be important in biogeography.
He concluded that the only tenable for the horse's abilities was that the horse was telepathic.
I think I mostly agree with Chris's , albeit with a couple of important qualifications.
Although these results do not definitively pinpoint the source of the steps, they confirm the earlier that shortening is quantal.
Carried to its extreme, this suggests that at one time all the matter of the universe was compacted together.
If this should be mistaken, there still remains a curious mystery here.
During a short tea break, Dyson had connected quantum physics with the Riemann .
All that was necessary to test that was to get on a ship and go to one of these uncharted areas and see.
There are some other small details militating against the jogging .
Finally, we propose a biogeographical of speciation events within the N. mediocris species complex.
According to this , the profit was to be found in the saving in transport and tariffs.
These ideas were largely a carry over from Edward Forbes in the late 1800's, who proposed the azoic for the deep sea.
A long-discredited to explain this holds that substituting carbs and sugar for fat is a bad trade-off.
The other major invokes particle charging interactions of either an inductive or microphysical nature.

Ostrom introduced the cursorial predator of the origin of avian flight.
In part, the involved tiny grains of the naturally magnetic mineral magnetite, which is commonly found in basalt.
Unlike my , she speaks in her baroque and breathless way not only when upset or anxious but also when she is up and effusive.
It is a simple chemical, and a viable is that autointoxication by similar molecules may cause sporadic diseases.
The is that autistics fail at holistic processing of an image, instead remaining focused on its individual parts.
In this , the silts form by aeolian abrasion and attrition of sand grains and by rock-weathering processes.
Confirming Frank's involves not only undercooling the right material, but also measuring its atomic structure.
The analysis presented here shows that filling in some blanks in the current matrix will not overturn the optimal it supports.
Furthermore, our measurements of 10 atm of adhesion pressure strongly contradict the suction .
The of this study was that variation in observed plant associations were correlated with variations in soil properties.
However, he insisted that figure was a and that the final toll was not expected for several weeks.
A possible is that he and his allies did not reveal the existence of 60 Armalite rifles to the IRA's Belfast Brigade leaders.
Voltinism bears on the , especially in regard to T2 species, in two respects.
It is biogeochemistry that lends substance to the that Ediacaran and Cambrian faunas are separated by mass extinction.
Other studies also have concluded that tissue allocation does not adequately explain control of growth of Arctic geese.
The idea was to test his exchange rate in a tightly specified model.
This is based on lithological variations in lacustrine rocks from eastern China, but there is a large degree of uncertainty with this .
This biogenetic indicates an alternative pathway to produce these metabolites, leading to a new class of indole alkaloids.
If evidence is to be found to support such a , it will be by examining patterns of genomic organization.
Therefore, the collapse is not self-consistent with the initial scaling and consequently is incorrect.

However, such a is again unable to explain the selective maintenance of alleles in humans.
The multidimensionality of racial identity and its impact on the various communication dimensions of classroom learning led to the following research question and .
To test this in the two fossil species, I measured eight aspects of 60 astragali from UCMP locality 1100, the type locality of S. nevadanus.
For the most part, these questions should be held in abeyance until other researchers either validate or disprove the outlined in the present study.
One is the dual coding that imaginal and verbal codes are mnemonically independent and, therefore, additive in their effects on item memory.
The first assumes that triploidy is associated with the origin of parthenogenesis and that both diploid and tetraploid parthenogenetic forms are derived.
Similarly, the initial is often way off base and this subtly drives home the fact that whilst these people are supremely good at their jobs, no one is perfect.
The results of analysis of the amphimictic progenies confirmed the proposed earlier that the development of black patches in koi is controlled by one dominant gene.
The present paper investigates the that accumulation of metal ions from soils by terricolous mosses is important in ameliorating SO 2 toxicity.
Furthermore, in no other lepospondyl is the parietal foramen found on the parietal-postparietal suture, as would be required following McGinnis' .
A few years ago, some molecular embryology data on amphioxus have revived the long forgotten that the ancestor of coelomates was a segmented animal.
He developed a for their formation called pediplanation in which slopes retreat parallel, leaving behind a series of generally flat surfaces separated by scarps.
Another, more speculative is that perhaps fungi, which live within the roots of many distantly related plants, served as a conduit for the jumping genes.
A popular theory is the Red Queen , named after the Lewis Carroll character who tells Alice that she must keep running simply to stay in the same place.
This result is contrary to our that the pollination-dependent detrimental fitness effects of clipping were caused by increased self-pollination in damaged plants.
The Minoans were not Greek and spoke the Cypriot language and so the established was that there was some relation between Linear A and B and the Cypriot script.
There are many objections to this , but it may explain why the hazards of cardiovascular risk are synergistic or multiplicative rather than just additive.
A third is based on the idea that resident and migratory species may use different strategies to acquire territories and breeding opportunities.
According to the proponents of the silvicultural , several processes combined to make forests increasingly vulnerable to budworm outbreaks.
Bloom says we ought to think of truth as resembling a scientific that helps us hold together our bits of knowledge.

Though researchers have struggled to understand exactly what contributes to this gender difference, Dr. Rohan has one .
He talks with doctors and scientists who study cognition, and cites a raft of research that bolsters his .
An alternative was suggested to me years ago by a veteran China-watcher.
The angle between Mars and the line of apsides is greater than 90 degrees in the unbisected vicarious , and less than 90 degrees in the bisected version.
In yet another scenario, the so-called binary planet, or co-accretion, , the Earth and the Moon all formed at the same time by the accretion of small bodies.
It can be used as an approximative measure of support for one or the other model and, therefore, allows estimating the evidence in favor of one or the other .
So if the zombie is correct, physicalism is false.
This is in accord with rational choice theory, which suggests that criminals think rationally and strategically to accrue the benefits of their crime.
There were no accurate measurements of the weather to call upon during this time but the discovery and colonization of Greenland by Eric the Red supports this .
Old, numerous and bipartisan are the tales that corroborate this dreary .
To test this , the researchers drilled a series of wells downstream from where they dripped the acetate and periodically took water samples.
One is that they actually alter the chemical composition of the atmosphere, thus playing a role in ozone depletion and the climate on Earth.
I'll float the even if I don't hold with it for one moment.
So there's no evidence, mechanistically, on either side of the .
Finding that the isotopes of neon have atomic weights that are whole numbers vindicated Prout's that hydrogen was the basis for all the elements.
For the latter taxa, an alternative would imply the iterative invasion of shelf habitats by morphologically conservative populations from shallow refugia.
Their is that watching excessive amounts of television reduces a person's ability to concentrate.
However, the style of the ascriptions of works to Philips in the section devoted to instrumental works may be an important clue in support of the .
In spite of its arbitrariness, that had a singular fortune, for it dominated Western thought in one form or another almost until the eighteenth century.
The scientist James Lovelock named his influential theory of global interconnectedness the gaia after her.

Again, the bioacoustic idea is still a , one that has to be carefully tested in a lab.
As early as 1850, however, a new of the rat's origins was beginning to develop.
A coastal east Asian source population is integral to the marine migration .
The is based on similarities between European Solutrean and Clovis lithic technologies.
However, a 2008 article in the American Journal of Human Genetics by researchers in Brazil took up the argument against the Solutrean .
It is described as possibly being the oldest art object yet found in the Americas and may yet provide hope for the Solutrean .
Professional historians contend that Zheng He reached the eastern coast of Africa, and dismiss Menzies's as entirely without proof.
On the second question, no definite consensus has been formed, and the intentional discovery lacks solid proof.
Modern historians reject this , which is sustained by no archeological evidence.
Birds were also widely used in studies of the niche and Georgii Gause's competitive exclusion principle.
This hypothesis is generally less accepted than the previous , but nonetheless provides a possible alternative.
One is that humans hunted large mammals, such as the woolly mammoth, into extinction.
At present, we can take as a that Europeans have more Neandertal ancestry than Asians.
The most vocal proponent of the hybridization is Erik Trinkaus of Washington University.
Ever since its initial description, the actinic physiopathogenic has been debated by many authors.
This however contradicts another supported by some researchers saying the Veleti moved westward from the Vistula delta.
Another is that the rulers of Charax had expansionist designs on Parthian Babylon, giving them a rationale for alliance with Trajan.
According to this the Geats would have not only resided in southern Sweden but also in Jutland, where Beowulf would have lived.
This is still accepted among many historians, but has been the subject of scholarly debate in the 21st century.
Our view relies on a plenitudinous metaphysics to which we are antecedently sympathetic, and adds to it one bold .

The Sonderweg attributed Germany's difficult 20th century to the weak political, legal, and economic basis of the new empire.
Haeckel argued that humans were closely related to the primates of Southeast Asia and rejected Darwin's of Africa.
This also generates and stimulates ideas and perhaps further research.
This and the analyses of data that it rests upon have received serious criticism.
Though no direct evidence of mammoth hunting has been found, today this is not considered as a valid observation to discard any .
This has been confirmed by further more recent studies, which refined this somewhat.
The of generative grammar is that language is a structure of the human mind.
Other theories include the Anatolian , the Armenia , the Paleolithic Continuity Theory, and the indigenous Aryans theory.
The Middle English creole argues that English is itself a creole.
If this is untrue, the creole with the largest number of speakers is Haitian Creole, with almost ten million native speakers.
The consequences of accepting the pseudonymy hypothesis are similar to those of accepting the forgery .
There is a that the contrast between fortis and lenis consonants is related to the contrast between voiceless and voiced consonants.
For illustrations of different analyses of noun phrases depending on whether the DP is rejected or accepted, see the next section.
The second tree assumes the DP , namely that determiners rather than nouns serve as phrase heads.
We realize what Archimedes had only in , weighting a single grain against the globe of earth.
The value of given data can and must be judged regardless of the they are supposed to support or refudiate.
Thus, any event in the rejection region leads to rejection of the null .
This has been refuted by studies showing that air and water are not absorbed.
Recently enacted three-strikes laws in several states similarly provide an opportunity to test the deterrence .
In the past, I think the that many have held is that anemia causes radiobiologically significant hypoxia.

The efficient market keeps a relation with the random walk theory.
The results of the experiment did not support his .
This supports the broad that many of the neurodevelopmental disorders are, to a certain extent, aetiologically linked.
Only on the that what is learnt in one generation is remembered by the next, can there be any feeling of againness or of expectancy.
To test my , I created a wind tunnel and wind mill to measure the different blades' power output.
My is that the symmetrical airfoils will outperform the others and the control blades.
Testing the of the multidimensional model of anorexia nervosa in adolescents.
The backhandedness of this procedure reflects the fact that null tests are motivated by rhetorical considerations.
The third theory which was advanced to explain the formation of phosphorites is the classical biolith .
Had the world been coagmented from that supposed fortuitous jumble, this had been tolerable.
The ensembled classifier is a collection of classifiers representing a single .
This mainstream of the epileptogenicity of hemosiderin provided strong support to our results.
Objection is sometimes offered to this system upon the that all but the rich or fullhanded, are excluded from our sanctuaries.
As we will discuss later, our phylogenetic reconstructs the presence of ossicones as a basal feature of all the giraffomorphs.
Another , said to be the cause of mammoth extinction in Siberia, comes from the idea that many may have drowned.
This view has been challenged by the that the Celtic languages of the British Isles form a phylogenetic Insular Celtic dialect group.
There is some evidence to support the treaty , based on the grave finds of the period.
His was written up in De corpore saturni but before the work was published, Huygens presented his theory of the rings of Saturn.
Immediately Wren recognised this as a better than his own and De corpore saturni was never published.
Arsenic is a strong preservative, and therefore this supported the poisoning .

Their was that the calomel given to Napoleon became an overdose, which killed him and left extensive tissue damage behind.
The aetherial was vague, but the particle was definite enough for Thomson to test.
A new competitor may decrease the likeliness of an old , but it will usually not change its loveliness.
Dawkins has also been strongly critical of the Gaia of the independent scientist James Lovelock.
Before the discovery of Mendelian genetics, one common was blending inheritance.
Moreover, he refused to even offer a as to the cause of this force on grounds that to do so was contrary to sound science.
One is that they drove elephants, rhinoceroses and hippopotamuses over the tops of cliffs or into bogs to more easily kill them.
He included in his Dutch, Albanian, Greek, Latin, Persian, and German, later adding Slavic, Celtic, and Baltic languages.
However, in general this is considered to attribute too much weight to the Anatolian evidence.
By such means, a may gain acceptance, although in a probabilistic, rather than certain, sense.
To assess this , the urbanicity of a boy's place of residence was run against enlistment.
Unlike the dopamine , the adrenochrome hypothesis accounts for many biochemical patterns common among schizophrenic patients.
It is an empirical that is subject to revision and, hence, lacks the dogmatic stance of classical materialism.
Depending on how well the tests match the predictions, the original may require refinement, alteration, expansion or even rejection.
If a particular becomes very well supported a general theory may be developed.
A is a conjecture, based on knowledge obtained while formulating the question.
The purpose of an experiment is to determine whether observations agree with or conflict with the predictions derived from a .
Terms commonly associated with statistical hypotheses are null hypothesis and alternative .
This is an investigation of whether the real world behaves as predicted by the .
Furthermore, failure of an experiment does not necessarily mean the is false.

The predictions of the hypothesis are compared to those of the null , to determine which is better able to explain the data.
Once a is strongly supported by evidence, a new question can be asked to provide further insight on the same topic.
Any useful will enable predictions, by reasoning including deductive reasoning.
Only in this case does a successful outcome increase the probability that the is true.
If the outcome is already known, it is called a consequence and should have already been considered while formulating the .
But since there no experiment now known which can test this , science itself can have little to say about the possibility.
They might adopt the characterization and formulate their own , or they might adopt the hypothesis and deduce their own predictions.
Published results of experiments can also serve as a predicting their own reproducibility.
Touches of prosaic detail are imperative and a rigorous adherence to the .
In the work, Boyle presents his that every phenomenon was the result of collisions of particles in motion.
The was accepted and published in the New Review of Spanish Philology in the 2011 article.
For example, according to this , the eating habits of the giraffe must have changed before its elongated neck evolved.
Clearly I have a duty to say why design strikes me as a nonsilly , and even as a simple and attractive one.
One is that the global increase in jellyfish bloom frequency may stem from human impact.
Polyploidy or polyteny may account for this large cellular DNA content, but studies of DNA reassociation kinetics do not support this .
As further information comes to hand, the may be confirmed or refuted.
This evidence bolstered the that heavier elements are the product of nucleosynthesis in stars.
An even more speculative is that intense radiation from a nearby supernova was responsible for the extinctions.
Such a was raised by reviewing letters sent by Brazilian authorities at the time of the earthquake.
Male hooded seals are known to have several mates in a single mating season, following the that they are polygynous.

In this the shifting of the continents can be simply explained by a large increase in size of the Earth since its formation.
Subsequent fieldwork, metamorphic studies and radiometric dating has refined their chronology but supported their original .
That led to the of a migration route between the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets to explain the early settlement.
This recognized differences between microbats and megabats and acknowledged that flight has only evolved once in mammals.
Another is that flying has reduced their mortality rate, which would also be true for birds and gliding mammals.
A route through Beringia is seen as more likely than the Solutrean .
The was headlined when The New York Times published it in December 1996, shortly before it was published in an academic journal.
Relevant to the is that its description has led some to connect this catastrophe with prehistoric flood myths.
However, Gulf Coast geologists do not regard this as having any credibility.
When Alfred Wegener first presented a of continental drift in 1912, he suggested that continents ploughed through the ocean crust.
Studies in the 2000s have given rise to the that large amounts of dust reduce the strength of tropical cyclones.
Preliminary data from the northern Atlantic coast seem to support the Azores High .
Another by McCormac and Evans assumes that the Earth's field disappears entirely during reversals.
This is supported by the relatively late date of the arrival of modern humans in Europe as well as by archaeological and DNA evidence.
This attempts to explain why haplogroup N is predominant in Europe and why haplogroup M is absent in Europe.
The anatomist Thomas Huxley had also supported the and suggested that African apes have a close evolutionary relationship with humans.
Attribution theory and the overjustification provide still another explanation.
First, we specify a first-order autoregressive error process and test the null that the errors are not first-order autocorrelated.
To test the that mindin would contribute to airway disease after inhalation of either lipopolysaccharide or ozone, Frush et al.
The finding supports the that lipoprotein plays a causal role in coronary disease.

The bindingness , see supra note 72, may also yield a necessary condition on a legal institution.
Consistent with our , patients scored significantly higher on the majority of early maladaptive schemas than their intimate partners.
He postulates the that suffixation is constrained by selectional restrictions of the affixes involved.
To test their , they need to know where in the developing embryo Shh is expressed.
These works also confirm that Pandey's remains useful to explain the different alternatives observed to microsporogenesis.
Published partial molecular hypothetical trees to date for cardinalfish do not support, in part, either .
Ultimately, this evidence is used in a re-evaluation of the mul tepal that has dominated the view on rulership at Chichen Itza.
To test this , NMR was used to compare the metabolic profiles of three cultures, an anaerobic fungal monoculture Piromyces sp.
My is that a description that aspires to consistency with regard to the phonetic facts must distinguish between weak and strong moras.
Taking a cue from the clausal domain, I will explore the that these are the nominal counterparts of v and INNER ASPECT, cf.
According to one , they become trapped at synapses, inhibiting nerve impulse signals.
Lourenco considered the stridulation organ to be synapomorphic for Rhopalurus, a that has yet to be tested cladistically.
Type II error is when we have failed to reject the null when, in fact, it is false.
Even as putting forth the that stochastic terms are not correlated, this value is nonconvergent.
The that nonelective admissions require more inpatient resources is based on several factors.
A contextualist reply to the skeptical says that it is only a worry if we are monolithic about the meaning of knowledge.
There are also districts that provide contradictive evidence to our such as Chicago and Kansas.
But the extension of the linguistic uniformitarian to writing is, in my opinion, counterproductive.
Her concerned the role of an enzyme called sucrose synthase in the ripening process.
Both the concepts and operational definition flow logically from the area in research method area.

The final test of any palaeoanthropological is its ability to explain why hominins are unique.
Brennan, from McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts, said his team was not surprised that memantine reduced binge episodes since that was their initial .
Albanian is often seen as the descendant of Illyrian, although this has been challenged by some linguists, who maintain that it derives from Dacian or Thracian.
Imperfect L2 learning is compatible with other approaches, notably the European dialect origin and the universalist models of language transmission.
More generally it is not always clear, if evidence contradicts a , that this is a sign of flaws in the hypothesis rather than of flaws in the evidence.
Another objection is that it is not always possible to demonstrate falsehood definitively, especially if one is using statistical criteria to evaluate a null .
One item of evidence in favour of this is found in the Spanish book Compendio Historial, written in 1571 by the Basque writer Esteban de Garibay.
The biodiversity says that the less contact people have with a microbially diverse natural environment, the less diverse their own commensal microbiota.
A is presented where the combination of a thin cell wall and large microfibril angle are responsible for the superior properties exhibited by the DN 30 pulp.
However, this is no longer actively investigated, as there are examples of creoles, such as Hezhou, which evidently have nothing to do with the Lingua Franca.
The cosmic censorship rules out the formation of such singularities, when they are created through the gravitational collapse of realistic matter.
His later maps used the Azores, following the magnetic .
The overview offers a picture to the readers in which the commonly advertized Sino-Tibetan has always been criticized within the academic circles.
Any which explains the facts is justified critically.
For it is not sufficient that a should be a justifiable one.
Failure of an experiment to produce interesting results may lead a scientist to reconsider the experimental method, the , or the definition of the subject.
Failure of a to produce interesting and testable predictions may lead to reconsideration of the or of the definition of the subject.
If the predictions are not accessible by observation or experience, the is not yet testable and so will remain to that extent unscientific in a strict sense.
However, this is disputed within the anthropological community.
A is a suggested explanation of a phenomenon, or alternately a reasoned proposal suggesting a possible correlation between or among a set of phenomena.

Previous studies suggested an association between elevated CRP levels and colon cancer, which fits with the that chronic inflammation increases cancer risk.
The purpose of an experiment is to determine whether observations of the real world agree with or conflict with the predictions derived from a .
This step involves determining the logical consequences of the .
The impressive improvement in response to valacyclovir documented in this study lends support to the viral of mental illness, she said.
The study may put to rest an idea, known as the Solutrean , that ancient Europeans crossed the Atlantic and established the Clovis culture in the New World.
Specifically, we fit stable Paretian distributions to the residuals for some important macro-economic variates testing the null of finite moments.
Researchers normally want to show that the null is false.
The that older age class raccoons would have higher fluke infection rates and parasite loads due to increased exposure to cercariae was statistically tested.
A is a conjecture, based on knowledge obtained while formulating the question, that may explain the observed behavior of a part of our universe.
The of an Etruscan origin is a viable alternative.
This suggestion was accepted by many subsequent writers, but in 1703, Jean Mabillon put forth a new , claiming that the entire forehead was shaven back to the ears.
Furthermore, consistent with our , we determine that good corporate governance alleviates spillovers of bad news from corporate scandals experienced by competitors.
As we are learning more and more about the brain, there is a that when a child is going through puberty, that is the time that accents start.
The main I will work from is that Mirkwood by and large fits within the literary topos of the enchanted forests in the fairy-tale tradition.
Thus, for all cases, arrival data was successfully modelled as the Poisson distribution and the was ascertained by evaluating chi-square tests.
Acceptance is dependent upon the falsifiable surviving tests.
The book opens by introducing the Lovelock Gaia and motivating glacier science as a major abiotic component of the homeostatic planetary system.
Sometimes an economic is only qualitative, not quantitative.
This experimental evidence supports the possibility of interplanetary transport of lifeforms and makes the lithopanspermia more realistic.
Jenner successfully tested his on 23 additional subjects.











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HYPOTHESIS in a Sentence Examples: 21 Ways to Use Hypothesis

Have you ever wondered what a “hypothesis” is and how it fits into the scientific method? A hypothesis is a proposed explanation or educated guess that can be tested through research and experimentation to determine its validity.

In scientific inquiry, a hypothesis serves as the foundation for the study, guiding the direction of the research and helping to form conclusions based on the results. By formulating clear hypotheses, researchers can systematically investigate phenomena and gather evidence to support their claims.

Table of Contents

7 Examples Of Hypothesis Used In a Sentence For Kids

14 sentences with hypothesis examples, how to use hypothesis in sentences.

Hypothesis is an educated guess or prediction that can be tested through observation or experimentation. When incorporating this term into a sentence, it is important to clearly identify it so readers can understand its significance.

Here are some tips on how to use hypothesis effectively in a sentence:

Clearly state your hypothesis in a simple and concise manner. For example, “The scientist’s hypothesis is that plants will grow faster with added sunlight.”

Make sure to refer back to your hypothesis when discussing the results of your experiment. For example, “The data supported our initial hypothesis that exercise leads to improved cardiovascular health.”

By following these guidelines, you can effectively incorporate hypothesis into your writing to communicate your predictions or expectations clearly and accurately.

In conclusion, sentences with the keyword “hypothesis” often express a proposed explanation or prediction that can be tested through research or observation. These sentences play a crucial role in scientific inquiry by guiding investigations and exploring relationships between variables. For example, “The researchers formulated a hypothesis to predict the effect of sunlight on plant growth” demonstrates how hypotheses are used to frame a study’s objectives and outcomes.

In front or infront: which is the correct spelling, targeted vs. targetted: correct spelling explained in english (us) usage.

Are you unsure about whether to use “targetted” or “targeted”?… Read More » Targeted vs. Targetted: Correct Spelling Explained in English (US) Usage

As per Request or As per Requested: Understanding the Correct Usage

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Definition of hypothesis

Did you know.

The Difference Between Hypothesis and Theory

A hypothesis is an assumption, an idea that is proposed for the sake of argument so that it can be tested to see if it might be true.

In the scientific method, the hypothesis is constructed before any applicable research has been done, apart from a basic background review. You ask a question, read up on what has been studied before, and then form a hypothesis.

A hypothesis is usually tentative; it's an assumption or suggestion made strictly for the objective of being tested.

A theory , in contrast, is a principle that has been formed as an attempt to explain things that have already been substantiated by data. It is used in the names of a number of principles accepted in the scientific community, such as the Big Bang Theory . Because of the rigors of experimentation and control, it is understood to be more likely to be true than a hypothesis is.

In non-scientific use, however, hypothesis and theory are often used interchangeably to mean simply an idea, speculation, or hunch, with theory being the more common choice.

Since this casual use does away with the distinctions upheld by the scientific community, hypothesis and theory are prone to being wrongly interpreted even when they are encountered in scientific contexts—or at least, contexts that allude to scientific study without making the critical distinction that scientists employ when weighing hypotheses and theories.

The most common occurrence is when theory is interpreted—and sometimes even gleefully seized upon—to mean something having less truth value than other scientific principles. (The word law applies to principles so firmly established that they are almost never questioned, such as the law of gravity.)

This mistake is one of projection: since we use theory in general to mean something lightly speculated, then it's implied that scientists must be talking about the same level of uncertainty when they use theory to refer to their well-tested and reasoned principles.

The distinction has come to the forefront particularly on occasions when the content of science curricula in schools has been challenged—notably, when a school board in Georgia put stickers on textbooks stating that evolution was "a theory, not a fact, regarding the origin of living things." As Kenneth R. Miller, a cell biologist at Brown University, has said , a theory "doesn’t mean a hunch or a guess. A theory is a system of explanations that ties together a whole bunch of facts. It not only explains those facts, but predicts what you ought to find from other observations and experiments.”

While theories are never completely infallible, they form the basis of scientific reasoning because, as Miller said "to the best of our ability, we’ve tested them, and they’ve held up."

proposition
supposition

hypothesis , theory , law mean a formula derived by inference from scientific data that explains a principle operating in nature.

hypothesis implies insufficient evidence to provide more than a tentative explanation.

theory implies a greater range of evidence and greater likelihood of truth.

law implies a statement of order and relation in nature that has been found to be invariable under the same conditions.

Examples of hypothesis in a Sentence

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'hypothesis.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Greek, from hypotithenai to put under, suppose, from hypo- + tithenai to put — more at do

1641, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Phrases Containing hypothesis

counter - hypothesis
nebular hypothesis
null hypothesis
planetesimal hypothesis
Whorfian hypothesis

Articles Related to hypothesis

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This is the Difference Between a Hypothesis and a Theory

In scientific reasoning, they're two completely different things

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hypothesize

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“Hypothesis.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hypothesis. Accessed 19 Aug. 2024.

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Hypothesis in a Sentence 🔊

Definition of Hypothesis

a proposed explanation or theory that is studied through scientific testing

Examples of Hypothesis in a sentence

The scientist’s hypothesis did not stand up, since research data was inconsistent with his guess. 🔊

Each student gave a hypothesis and theorized which plant would grow the tallest during the study. 🔊

A hypothesis was presented by the panel, giving a likely explanation for why the trial medicine didn’t seem to have much of an effect on the patients. 🔊

During the study, the researcher changed her hypothesis to a new assumption that fit with current data. 🔊

To confirm his hypothesis on why the dolphin wasn’t eating, the marine biologists did several tests over a week’s time. 🔊

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Examples of “Hypothesis” In A Sentence

The hypothesis is a very important part of doing science and thinking carefully. It is like the strong supporting structure of a building for the process of research. A hypothesis is a clever guess or idea that can be tested to see if it is true or not. It helps us understand things or predict what might happen. In this article, we will look at many examples of ‘hypothesis’ in sentences .

Table of Contents

Sentences with Hypothesis

Hypothesis : The sun rises in the east.
They formulated a null hypothesis to compare against the alternative.
We need to revise the original hypothesis .
They discussed the hypothesis with colleagues in their field.
They formulated competing hypotheses to compare and contrast the findings.
The students generated multiple hypotheses for their investigation.
The hypothesis was generated from observations.
The hypothesis is the starting point of scientific investigation.
The researchers tested the hypothesis using various methodologies.
We need to investigate the hypothesis
The hypothesis needs more evidence to be proven.
The hypothesis was rejected due to flaws in the experimental design.
They tested the hypothesis using computer simulations.
The team tested the hypothesis using advanced technology.
The hypothesis was derived from logical reasoning.
They conducted surveys to gather data for their hypotheses .
They proposed alternative hypotheses for further exploration.
The hypothesis was consistent with data from other studies.
The hypothesis was based on logical reasoning.
The hypothesis was supported by the statistical analysis.

Sentences with “Hypothesis”

The hypothesis was proven incorrect.
The hypothesis was rejected due to lack of evidence.
They discussed the hypothesis with their peers.
The hypothesis was proposed based on logical deductions.
The hypothesis was validated through rigorous peer review.
The team discussed potential hypotheses during brainstorming sessions.
They discussed the limitations of their hypothesis
The students proposed various hypotheses for the investigation.
The hypothesis was confirmed by independent replication studies.
The students formed testable hypotheses for their projects.
They used a control group to test their hypothesis .
The hypothesis was formulated as a cause-and-effect relationship.
The hypothesis was supported by the literature review.
Scientists test their hypotheses through experiments.
The hypothesis was proposed based on observations in nature.
They analyzed the data to validate the hypothesis .
They designed the experiment to test the hypothesis
The hypothesis was based on previous research findings.
They revised the hypothesis based on constructive feedback.
They presented their hypotheses at a research symposium.
They conducted experiments to test their hypotheses .
The hypothesis was supported by a large and diverse sample.
The researchers tested the hypothesis using a variety of methodologies.
They conducted surveys to gather data that supported their hypothesis .
The team formulated new hypotheses for future investigations.
The hypothesis was consistent with experimental results.

“Hypothesis” Use in Sentence

They discussed the implications of the hypothesis on their field.
The researchers discussed the implications of their hypotheses .
The hypothesis was derived from careful observation and analysis.
The team developed alternative hypotheses for further investigation.
They presented their hypotheses to the research community.
The hypothesis was based on a comprehensive review of the literature.
The hypothesis was supported by strong logical reasoning.
They discussed the implications of their hypothesis for future research.
The hypothesis was based on a well-established scientific theory.
The researchers tested their hypotheses using different methodologies.
The hypothesis was supported by empirical evidence.
The researchers evaluated their hypotheses
The hypothesis was disproven by contradictory evidence.
The researchers discussed the limitations of their hypotheses .
The hypothesis was based on a well-established theory.
The hypothesis was supported by a large sample size.
The hypothesis was consistent with patterns observed in nature.
They proposed new hypotheses for future investigation.
The hypothesis was confirmed by the results of the study.
The hypothesis guided the research process.
The hypothesis was supported by strong scientific consensus.
The hypothesis was rejected due to methodological limitations.
The researchers proposed several hypotheses to explain the phenomenon.
The hypothesis was confirmed by multiple researchers in the field.
The hypothesis was validated through multiple studies.

Sentences Using “Hypothesis”

The researchers conducted experiments to test their hypotheses .
The hypothesis was based on observations from nature.
The hypothesis was supported by a wide range of evidence.
They formed competing hypotheses to compare.
Scientists often revise their hypotheses based on new data.
They conducted experiments to support their hypotheses .
The team discussed their hypothesis during the meeting.
The students discussed their hypotheses in class.
They developed a new hypothesis based on recent findings.
They discussed the hypothesis with other experts in the field.
The hypothesis was supported by a significant p-value.
The hypothesis was generated from real-world observations.
Mary’s hypothesis was supported by the data.
They tested their hypotheses across different populations.
The researchers tested multiple hypotheses to find the answer.
They presented their hypothesis at a scientific conference.
The hypothesis was supported by strong evidence.
They presented their hypotheses in a clear and concise manner.
The researchers proposed a working hypothesis to start their study.
The team discussed the hypothesis during the brainstorming session.
The researchers proposed different hypotheses for the observed behavior.
The hypothesis is a crucial part of any scientific study.
The hypothesis was refuted by the experimental results.

“Hypothesis” Sentences Examples

We need to gather more data to test the hypothesis .
The hypothesis was consistent with existing theories.
The hypothesis was supported by a strong theoretical framework.
The hypothesis was based on previous studies.
They formulated a null hypothesis as the default assumption.
The hypothesis was consistent with theoretical predictions.
The hypothesis was based on prior knowledge.
The hypothesis was supported by strong experimental data.
The team formed a new hypothesis after analyzing the data.
The hypothesis was consistent with the findings of previous studies.
The hypothesis was rejected due to methodological flaws.
The hypothesis was proven right after extensive testing.
The hypothesis was consistent with real-world observations.
The team tested their hypothesis in different conditions.
The hypothesis was consistent with the predictions.
The students generated their hypotheses for the experiment.
The hypothesis was confirmed by multiple independent studies.
The hypothesis was tested using a randomized controlled trial.
They formulated a null hypothesis to compare against.
The hypothesis was based on inductive reasoning.
The hypothesis was validated through repeated experiments.
The hypothesis guided the design of the experiment.
They used statistical analysis to validate the hypothesis .
The researchers discussed the implications of their hypothesis on society.
They revised the hypothesis based on feedback from experts.
The hypothesis was confirmed by expert analysis.
Hypotheses are essential in the scientific method.
Lisa proposed an interesting hypothesis for her project.
They analyzed the data to support their hypothesis .
The hypothesis was supported by compelling arguments.
They conducted interviews to explore their hypotheses .

Use “Hypothesis” In A Sentence

Sarah formulated a new hypothesis for her research.
The hypothesis was confirmed by the experiment.
The hypothesis was generated from prior observations.
They conducted surveys to test their hypotheses .
The hypothesis was supported by well-documented experimental results.
The hypothesis was supported by strong correlations.
The hypothesis was proposed after reviewing the literature.
They proposed a working hypothesis to guide their study.
The hypothesis was consistent with the observed results.
They proposed alternative hypotheses for future exploration.
The hypothesis was validated through rigorous statistical methods.
The researchers tested their hypotheses
John’s hypothesis led to groundbreaking discoveries.
The hypothesis was supported by statistical significance.
The researchers formulated a null hypothesis to compare against.
The hypothesis was supported by theoretical predictions.
They formed competing hypotheses to compare and contrast.
The hypothesis was consistent with historical data.
The hypothesis was supported by multiple lines of evidence.
The hypothesis was revised based on feedback from reviewers.
The scientists formulated a specific hypothesis to test.
The hypothesis was based on empirical data.

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[ hahy- poth - uh -sis , hi- ]

a proposition, or set of propositions, set forth as an explanation for the occurrence of some specified group of phenomena, either asserted merely as a provisional conjecture to guide investigation working hypothesis or accepted as highly probable in the light of established facts.
a proposition assumed as a premise in an argument.
the antecedent of a conditional proposition.
a mere assumption or guess.

/ haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs /

a suggested explanation for a group of facts or phenomena, either accepted as a basis for further verification ( working hypothesis ) or accepted as likely to be true Compare theory
an assumption used in an argument without its being endorsed; a supposition
an unproved theory; a conjecture

/ hī-pŏth ′ ĭ-sĭs /

, Plural hypotheses hī-pŏth ′ ĭ-sēz′

A statement that explains or makes generalizations about a set of facts or principles, usually forming a basis for possible experiments to confirm its viability.
plur. hypotheses (heye- poth -uh-seez) In science, a statement of a possible explanation for some natural phenomenon. A hypothesis is tested by drawing conclusions from it; if observation and experimentation show a conclusion to be false, the hypothesis must be false. ( See scientific method and theory .)

Derived Forms

hyˈpothesist , noun

Other Words From

hy·pothe·sist noun
counter·hy·pothe·sis noun plural counterhypotheses
subhy·pothe·sis noun plural subhypotheses

Word History and Origins

Origin of hypothesis 1

Synonym Study

Example sentences.

Though researchers have struggled to understand exactly what contributes to this gender difference, Dr. Rohan has one hypothesis.

The leading hypothesis for the ultimate source of the Ebola virus, and where it retreats in between outbreaks, lies in bats.

In 1996, John Paul II called the Big Bang theory “more than a hypothesis.”

To be clear: There have been no double-blind or controlled studies that conclusively confirm this hair-loss hypothesis.

The bacteria-driven-ritual hypothesis ignores the huge diversity of reasons that could push someone to perform a religious ritual.

And remember it is by our hypothesis the best possible form and arrangement of that lesson.

Taken in connection with what we know of the nebulæ, the proof of Laplace's nebular hypothesis may fairly be regarded as complete.

What has become of the letter from M. de St. Mars, said to have been discovered some years ago, confirming this last hypothesis?

To admit that there had really been any communication between the dead man and the living one is also an hypothesis.

"I consider it highly probable," asserted Aunt Maria, forgetting her Scandinavian hypothesis.

Related Words

explanation
interpretation
proposition
supposition

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Hypothesis in a sentence

某某 2016-01-13 联网相关的政策
improvement (238+32)
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Definition of hypothesis noun from the Oxford Advanced American Dictionary

formulate/advance a theory/hypothesis
build/construct/create/develop a simple/theoretical/mathematical model
develop/establish/provide/use a theoretical/conceptual framework/an algorithm
advance/argue/develop the thesis that…
explore an idea/a concept/a hypothesis
make a prediction/an inference
base a prediction/your calculations on something
investigate/evaluate/accept/challenge/reject a theory/hypothesis/model
design an experiment/a questionnaire/a study/a test
do research/an experiment/an analysis
make observations/calculations
take/record measurements
carry out/conduct/perform an experiment/a test/a longitudinal study/observations/clinical trials
run an experiment/a simulation/clinical trials
repeat an experiment/a test/an analysis
replicate a study/the results/the findings
observe/study/examine/investigate/assess a pattern/a process/a behavior
fund/support the research/project/study
seek/provide/get/secure funding for research
collect/gather/extract data/information
yield data/evidence/similar findings/the same results
analyze/examine the data/soil samples/a specimen
consider/compare/interpret the results/findings
fit the data/model
confirm/support/verify a prediction/a hypothesis/the results/the findings
prove a conjecture/hypothesis/theorem
draw/make/reach the same conclusions
read/review the records/literature
describe/report an experiment/a study
present/publish/summarize the results/findings
present/publish/read/review/cite a paper in a scientific journal

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Meaning of hypothesis in English

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abstraction
accepted wisdom
afterthought
anthropocentrism
determinist
non-dogmatic
non-empirical
social Darwinism
supersensible
the domino theory

hypothesis | Intermediate English

Hypothesis | business english, examples of hypothesis, translations of hypothesis.

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What Is a Hypothesis and How Do I Write One?

General Education

Think about something strange and unexplainable in your life. Maybe you get a headache right before it rains, or maybe you think your favorite sports team wins when you wear a certain color. If you wanted to see whether these are just coincidences or scientific fact, you would form a hypothesis, then create an experiment to see whether that hypothesis is true or not.

But what is a hypothesis, anyway? If you’re not sure about what a hypothesis is--or how to test for one!--you’re in the right place. This article will teach you everything you need to know about hypotheses, including:

Defining the term “hypothesis”
Providing hypothesis examples
Giving you tips for how to write your own hypothesis

So let’s get started!

What Is a Hypothesis?

Merriam Webster defines a hypothesis as “an assumption or concession made for the sake of argument.” In other words, a hypothesis is an educated guess . Scientists make a reasonable assumption--or a hypothesis--then design an experiment to test whether it’s true or not. Keep in mind that in science, a hypothesis should be testable. You have to be able to design an experiment that tests your hypothesis in order for it to be valid.

As you could assume from that statement, it’s easy to make a bad hypothesis. But when you’re holding an experiment, it’s even more important that your guesses be good...after all, you’re spending time (and maybe money!) to figure out more about your observation. That’s why we refer to a hypothesis as an educated guess--good hypotheses are based on existing data and research to make them as sound as possible.

Hypotheses are one part of what’s called the scientific method . Every (good) experiment or study is based in the scientific method. The scientific method gives order and structure to experiments and ensures that interference from scientists or outside influences does not skew the results. It’s important that you understand the concepts of the scientific method before holding your own experiment. Though it may vary among scientists, the scientific method is generally made up of six steps (in order):

Observation
Asking questions
Forming a hypothesis
Analyze the data
Communicate your results

You’ll notice that the hypothesis comes pretty early on when conducting an experiment. That’s because experiments work best when they’re trying to answer one specific question. And you can’t conduct an experiment until you know what you’re trying to prove!

Independent and Dependent Variables

After doing your research, you’re ready for another important step in forming your hypothesis: identifying variables. Variables are basically any factor that could influence the outcome of your experiment . Variables have to be measurable and related to the topic being studied.

There are two types of variables: independent variables and dependent variables. I ndependent variables remain constant . For example, age is an independent variable; it will stay the same, and researchers can look at different ages to see if it has an effect on the dependent variable.

Speaking of dependent variables... dependent variables are subject to the influence of the independent variable , meaning that they are not constant. Let’s say you want to test whether a person’s age affects how much sleep they need. In that case, the independent variable is age (like we mentioned above), and the dependent variable is how much sleep a person gets.

Variables will be crucial in writing your hypothesis. You need to be able to identify which variable is which, as both the independent and dependent variables will be written into your hypothesis. For instance, in a study about exercise, the independent variable might be the speed at which the respondents walk for thirty minutes, and the dependent variable would be their heart rate. In your study and in your hypothesis, you’re trying to understand the relationship between the two variables.

Elements of a Good Hypothesis

The best hypotheses start by asking the right questions . For instance, if you’ve observed that the grass is greener when it rains twice a week, you could ask what kind of grass it is, what elevation it’s at, and if the grass across the street responds to rain in the same way. Any of these questions could become the backbone of experiments to test why the grass gets greener when it rains fairly frequently.

As you’re asking more questions about your first observation, make sure you’re also making more observations . If it doesn’t rain for two weeks and the grass still looks green, that’s an important observation that could influence your hypothesis. You'll continue observing all throughout your experiment, but until the hypothesis is finalized, every observation should be noted.

Finally, you should consult secondary research before writing your hypothesis . Secondary research is comprised of results found and published by other people. You can usually find this information online or at your library. Additionally, m ake sure the research you find is credible and related to your topic. If you’re studying the correlation between rain and grass growth, it would help you to research rain patterns over the past twenty years for your county, published by a local agricultural association. You should also research the types of grass common in your area, the type of grass in your lawn, and whether anyone else has conducted experiments about your hypothesis. Also be sure you’re checking the quality of your research . Research done by a middle school student about what minerals can be found in rainwater would be less useful than an article published by a local university.

Writing Your Hypothesis

Once you’ve considered all of the factors above, you’re ready to start writing your hypothesis. Hypotheses usually take a certain form when they’re written out in a research report.

When you boil down your hypothesis statement, you are writing down your best guess and not the question at hand . This means that your statement should be written as if it is fact already, even though you are simply testing it.

The reason for this is that, after you have completed your study, you'll either accept or reject your if-then or your null hypothesis. All hypothesis testing examples should be measurable and able to be confirmed or denied. You cannot confirm a question, only a statement!

In fact, you come up with hypothesis examples all the time! For instance, when you guess on the outcome of a basketball game, you don’t say, “Will the Miami Heat beat the Boston Celtics?” but instead, “I think the Miami Heat will beat the Boston Celtics.” You state it as if it is already true, even if it turns out you’re wrong. You do the same thing when writing your hypothesis.

Additionally, keep in mind that hypotheses can range from very specific to very broad. These hypotheses can be specific, but if your hypothesis testing examples involve a broad range of causes and effects, your hypothesis can also be broad.

The Two Types of Hypotheses

Now that you understand what goes into a hypothesis, it’s time to look more closely at the two most common types of hypothesis: the if-then hypothesis and the null hypothesis.

#1: If-Then Hypotheses

First of all, if-then hypotheses typically follow this formula:

If ____ happens, then ____ will happen.

The goal of this type of hypothesis is to test the causal relationship between the independent and dependent variable. It’s fairly simple, and each hypothesis can vary in how detailed it can be. We create if-then hypotheses all the time with our daily predictions. Here are some examples of hypotheses that use an if-then structure from daily life:

If I get enough sleep, I’ll be able to get more work done tomorrow.
If the bus is on time, I can make it to my friend’s birthday party.
If I study every night this week, I’ll get a better grade on my exam.

In each of these situations, you’re making a guess on how an independent variable (sleep, time, or studying) will affect a dependent variable (the amount of work you can do, making it to a party on time, or getting better grades).

You may still be asking, “What is an example of a hypothesis used in scientific research?” Take one of the hypothesis examples from a real-world study on whether using technology before bed affects children’s sleep patterns. The hypothesis read s:

“We hypothesized that increased hours of tablet- and phone-based screen time at bedtime would be inversely correlated with sleep quality and child attention.”

It might not look like it, but this is an if-then statement. The researchers basically said, “If children have more screen usage at bedtime, then their quality of sleep and attention will be worse.” The sleep quality and attention are the dependent variables and the screen usage is the independent variable. (Usually, the independent variable comes after the “if” and the dependent variable comes after the “then,” as it is the independent variable that affects the dependent variable.) This is an excellent example of how flexible hypothesis statements can be, as long as the general idea of “if-then” and the independent and dependent variables are present.

#2: Null Hypotheses

Your if-then hypothesis is not the only one needed to complete a successful experiment, however. You also need a null hypothesis to test it against. In its most basic form, the null hypothesis is the opposite of your if-then hypothesis . When you write your null hypothesis, you are writing a hypothesis that suggests that your guess is not true, and that the independent and dependent variables have no relationship .

One null hypothesis for the cell phone and sleep study from the last section might say:

“If children have more screen usage at bedtime, their quality of sleep and attention will not be worse.”

In this case, this is a null hypothesis because it’s asking the opposite of the original thesis!

Conversely, if your if-then hypothesis suggests that your two variables have no relationship, then your null hypothesis would suggest that there is one. So, pretend that there is a study that is asking the question, “Does the amount of followers on Instagram influence how long people spend on the app?” The independent variable is the amount of followers, and the dependent variable is the time spent. But if you, as the researcher, don’t think there is a relationship between the number of followers and time spent, you might write an if-then hypothesis that reads:

“If people have many followers on Instagram, they will not spend more time on the app than people who have less.”

In this case, the if-then suggests there isn’t a relationship between the variables. In that case, one of the null hypothesis examples might say:

“If people have many followers on Instagram, they will spend more time on the app than people who have less.”

You then test both the if-then and the null hypothesis to gauge if there is a relationship between the variables, and if so, how much of a relationship.

4 Tips to Write the Best Hypothesis

If you’re going to take the time to hold an experiment, whether in school or by yourself, you’re also going to want to take the time to make sure your hypothesis is a good one. The best hypotheses have four major elements in common: plausibility, defined concepts, observability, and general explanation.

#1: Plausibility

At first glance, this quality of a hypothesis might seem obvious. When your hypothesis is plausible, that means it’s possible given what we know about science and general common sense. However, improbable hypotheses are more common than you might think.

Imagine you’re studying weight gain and television watching habits. If you hypothesize that people who watch more than twenty hours of television a week will gain two hundred pounds or more over the course of a year, this might be improbable (though it’s potentially possible). Consequently, c ommon sense can tell us the results of the study before the study even begins.

Improbable hypotheses generally go against science, as well. Take this hypothesis example:

“If a person smokes one cigarette a day, then they will have lungs just as healthy as the average person’s.”

This hypothesis is obviously untrue, as studies have shown again and again that cigarettes negatively affect lung health. You must be careful that your hypotheses do not reflect your own personal opinion more than they do scientifically-supported findings. This plausibility points to the necessity of research before the hypothesis is written to make sure that your hypothesis has not already been disproven.

#2: Defined Concepts

The more advanced you are in your studies, the more likely that the terms you’re using in your hypothesis are specific to a limited set of knowledge. One of the hypothesis testing examples might include the readability of printed text in newspapers, where you might use words like “kerning” and “x-height.” Unless your readers have a background in graphic design, it’s likely that they won’t know what you mean by these terms. Thus, it’s important to either write what they mean in the hypothesis itself or in the report before the hypothesis.

Here’s what we mean. Which of the following sentences makes more sense to the common person?

If the kerning is greater than average, more words will be read per minute.

If the space between letters is greater than average, more words will be read per minute.

For people reading your report that are not experts in typography, simply adding a few more words will be helpful in clarifying exactly what the experiment is all about. It’s always a good idea to make your research and findings as accessible as possible.

Good hypotheses ensure that you can observe the results.

#3: Observability

In order to measure the truth or falsity of your hypothesis, you must be able to see your variables and the way they interact. For instance, if your hypothesis is that the flight patterns of satellites affect the strength of certain television signals, yet you don’t have a telescope to view the satellites or a television to monitor the signal strength, you cannot properly observe your hypothesis and thus cannot continue your study.

Some variables may seem easy to observe, but if you do not have a system of measurement in place, you cannot observe your hypothesis properly. Here’s an example: if you’re experimenting on the effect of healthy food on overall happiness, but you don’t have a way to monitor and measure what “overall happiness” means, your results will not reflect the truth. Monitoring how often someone smiles for a whole day is not reasonably observable, but having the participants state how happy they feel on a scale of one to ten is more observable.

In writing your hypothesis, always keep in mind how you'll execute the experiment.

#4: Generalizability

Perhaps you’d like to study what color your best friend wears the most often by observing and documenting the colors she wears each day of the week. This might be fun information for her and you to know, but beyond you two, there aren’t many people who could benefit from this experiment. When you start an experiment, you should note how generalizable your findings may be if they are confirmed. Generalizability is basically how common a particular phenomenon is to other people’s everyday life.

Let’s say you’re asking a question about the health benefits of eating an apple for one day only, you need to realize that the experiment may be too specific to be helpful. It does not help to explain a phenomenon that many people experience. If you find yourself with too specific of a hypothesis, go back to asking the big question: what is it that you want to know, and what do you think will happen between your two variables?

Hypothesis Testing Examples

We know it can be hard to write a good hypothesis unless you’ve seen some good hypothesis examples. We’ve included four hypothesis examples based on some made-up experiments. Use these as templates or launch pads for coming up with your own hypotheses.

Experiment #1: Students Studying Outside (Writing a Hypothesis)

You are a student at PrepScholar University. When you walk around campus, you notice that, when the temperature is above 60 degrees, more students study in the quad. You want to know when your fellow students are more likely to study outside. With this information, how do you make the best hypothesis possible?

You must remember to make additional observations and do secondary research before writing your hypothesis. In doing so, you notice that no one studies outside when it’s 75 degrees and raining, so this should be included in your experiment. Also, studies done on the topic beforehand suggested that students are more likely to study in temperatures less than 85 degrees. With this in mind, you feel confident that you can identify your variables and write your hypotheses:

If-then: “If the temperature in Fahrenheit is less than 60 degrees, significantly fewer students will study outside.”

Null: “If the temperature in Fahrenheit is less than 60 degrees, the same number of students will study outside as when it is more than 60 degrees.”

These hypotheses are plausible, as the temperatures are reasonably within the bounds of what is possible. The number of people in the quad is also easily observable. It is also not a phenomenon specific to only one person or at one time, but instead can explain a phenomenon for a broader group of people.

To complete this experiment, you pick the month of October to observe the quad. Every day (except on the days where it’s raining)from 3 to 4 PM, when most classes have released for the day, you observe how many people are on the quad. You measure how many people come and how many leave. You also write down the temperature on the hour.

After writing down all of your observations and putting them on a graph, you find that the most students study on the quad when it is 70 degrees outside, and that the number of students drops a lot once the temperature reaches 60 degrees or below. In this case, your research report would state that you accept or “failed to reject” your first hypothesis with your findings.

Experiment #2: The Cupcake Store (Forming a Simple Experiment)

Let’s say that you work at a bakery. You specialize in cupcakes, and you make only two colors of frosting: yellow and purple. You want to know what kind of customers are more likely to buy what kind of cupcake, so you set up an experiment. Your independent variable is the customer’s gender, and the dependent variable is the color of the frosting. What is an example of a hypothesis that might answer the question of this study?

Here’s what your hypotheses might look like:

If-then: “If customers’ gender is female, then they will buy more yellow cupcakes than purple cupcakes.”

Null: “If customers’ gender is female, then they will be just as likely to buy purple cupcakes as yellow cupcakes.”

This is a pretty simple experiment! It passes the test of plausibility (there could easily be a difference), defined concepts (there’s nothing complicated about cupcakes!), observability (both color and gender can be easily observed), and general explanation ( this would potentially help you make better business decisions ).

Experiment #3: Backyard Bird Feeders (Integrating Multiple Variables and Rejecting the If-Then Hypothesis)

While watching your backyard bird feeder, you realized that different birds come on the days when you change the types of seeds. You decide that you want to see more cardinals in your backyard, so you decide to see what type of food they like the best and set up an experiment.

However, one morning, you notice that, while some cardinals are present, blue jays are eating out of your backyard feeder filled with millet. You decide that, of all of the other birds, you would like to see the blue jays the least. This means you'll have more than one variable in your hypothesis. Your new hypotheses might look like this:

If-then: “If sunflower seeds are placed in the bird feeders, then more cardinals will come than blue jays. If millet is placed in the bird feeders, then more blue jays will come than cardinals.”

Null: “If either sunflower seeds or millet are placed in the bird, equal numbers of cardinals and blue jays will come.”

Through simple observation, you actually find that cardinals come as often as blue jays when sunflower seeds or millet is in the bird feeder. In this case, you would reject your “if-then” hypothesis and “fail to reject” your null hypothesis . You cannot accept your first hypothesis, because it’s clearly not true. Instead you found that there was actually no relation between your different variables. Consequently, you would need to run more experiments with different variables to see if the new variables impact the results.

Experiment #4: In-Class Survey (Including an Alternative Hypothesis)

You’re about to give a speech in one of your classes about the importance of paying attention. You want to take this opportunity to test a hypothesis you’ve had for a while:

If-then: If students sit in the first two rows of the classroom, then they will listen better than students who do not.

Null: If students sit in the first two rows of the classroom, then they will not listen better or worse than students who do not.

You give your speech and then ask your teacher if you can hand out a short survey to the class. On the survey, you’ve included questions about some of the topics you talked about. When you get back the results, you’re surprised to see that not only do the students in the first two rows not pay better attention, but they also scored worse than students in other parts of the classroom! Here, both your if-then and your null hypotheses are not representative of your findings. What do you do?

This is when you reject both your if-then and null hypotheses and instead create an alternative hypothesis . This type of hypothesis is used in the rare circumstance that neither of your hypotheses is able to capture your findings . Now you can use what you’ve learned to draft new hypotheses and test again!

Key Takeaways: Hypothesis Writing

The more comfortable you become with writing hypotheses, the better they will become. The structure of hypotheses is flexible and may need to be changed depending on what topic you are studying. The most important thing to remember is the purpose of your hypothesis and the difference between the if-then and the null . From there, in forming your hypothesis, you should constantly be asking questions, making observations, doing secondary research, and considering your variables. After you have written your hypothesis, be sure to edit it so that it is plausible, clearly defined, observable, and helpful in explaining a general phenomenon.

Writing a hypothesis is something that everyone, from elementary school children competing in a science fair to professional scientists in a lab, needs to know how to do. Hypotheses are vital in experiments and in properly executing the scientific method . When done correctly, hypotheses will set up your studies for success and help you to understand the world a little better, one experiment at a time.

What’s Next?

If you’re studying for the science portion of the ACT, there’s definitely a lot you need to know. We’ve got the tools to help, though! Start by checking out our ultimate study guide for the ACT Science subject test. Once you read through that, be sure to download our recommended ACT Science practice tests , since they’re one of the most foolproof ways to improve your score. (And don’t forget to check out our expert guide book , too.)

If you love science and want to major in a scientific field, you should start preparing in high school . Here are the science classes you should take to set yourself up for success.

If you’re trying to think of science experiments you can do for class (or for a science fair!), here’s a list of 37 awesome science experiments you can do at home

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Ashley Sufflé Robinson has a Ph.D. in 19th Century English Literature. As a content writer for PrepScholar, Ashley is passionate about giving college-bound students the in-depth information they need to get into the school of their dreams.

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Word of the day

Word of the Day: honorarium

This word has appeared in two articles on NYTimes.com in the past year. Can you use it in a sentence?

An illustration of a student saying the word "honorarium."

By The Learning Network

honorarium \ ˈɑnəˌrɛriəm \ noun

: a fee paid for a service that is generally done for free

Listen to the pronunciation.

The word honorarium has appeared two times on NYTimes.com in the past year, including on Sept. 26 in The New York Times Style Magazine article “ Where the Artists Are Present — and in Charge ” by Jennifer Wilson:

… Ortega y Gasset Projects started in 2013 in Bushwick and is now collectively run as a nonprofit by eight artists of diverse backgrounds … The gallery operates on a 60-40 artist-gallery split, but some artists who sell nothing are given an honorarium , which allows, explains the co-director Leeza Meksin, Ortega y Gasset to take risks, to show “installations, site-specific work” and — something all the artists nod at — “artists who do not already have a market.” That the curators, as artists, get it is fundamental, they feel, to establishing trust. The co-director Zahar Vaks recalls one night he stayed up until 3 a.m. helping an artist with an installation. “Artist to artist,” he remembers saying, “this video is going to get up there.”

Daily Word Challenge

Can you correctly use the word honorarium in a sentence?

Based on the definition and example provided, write a sentence using today’s Word of the Day and share it as a comment on this article. It is most important that your sentence makes sense and demonstrates that you understand the word’s definition, but we also encourage you to be creative and have fun.

If you want a better idea of how honorarium can be used in a sentence, read these usage examples on Vocabulary.com . You can also visit this guide to learn how to use IPA symbols to show how different words are pronounced.

If you enjoy this daily challenge, try our vocabulary quizzes .

Students ages 13 and older in the United States and the United Kingdom, and 16 and older elsewhere, can comment. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff.

The Word of the Day is provided by Vocabulary.com . Learn more and see usage examples across a range of subjects in the Vocabulary.com Dictionary . See every Word of the Day in this column .

Moron Meaning: Here’s What It Means and How To Use It

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An American author named James McGregor once said, “Geniuses don’t become geniuses until they find the right moron to compare themselves to.” This is a thought-provoking quote, but what exactly does the word moron mean? We’ll tell you.

This article explores the word moron (/ˈmɔːr.ɑːn/ /ˈmɔːrɒn/ /ˈmɔrɑn/ /ˈmōr-ˌän/) to uncover its definition, origin, proper usage, and more. So if you’ve ever wondered what it means when someone calls you a moron — keep reading.

What Is the Definition of Moron?

According to the Collins American English Dictionary , the noun moron (pronounced mawr-on) is an informal term for someone who lacks judgment or is noticeably stupid. Though it is no longer used and is considered by many to be offensive, it was first coined as an official medical term.

As a medical term , our word of the day was used to describe a person of borderline intelligence, specifically an adult with a genetically determined mental age ranging from 7 to 12.

What Is the Etymology of Moron?

Moron was first coined in the early 20th century as a medical term denoting an adult with a low intelligence by psychologist Henry H. Goddard — though today, this is considered a derogatory term and offensive.

Moron derives from the Greek mōron, neuter of mōros (μωρός) — which literally means foolish, dull, stupid.

What Are the Synonyms and Antonyms of Moron?

As we dive deeper into the in’s and out’s of our word of the day, let’s now look to a thesaurus to find synonyms and antonyms of moron.

First off, what are synonyms and antonyms? Simply put, they are like (synonyms) or opposite words (antonyms) of our original words.

By learning what a word is and what it isn’t, we can better memorize the actual definition of our keyword.

With this in mind, you will find synonyms and antonyms of moron that have been provided by the Collins English Language Thesaurus listed below. Test yourself and see how many you knew off the top of your head!

What Are Synonyms of Moron?

Imbecile
Cretin
Halfwit
Stupid person
Feeble mind
Deficient
Pain in the neck
Dimwit
Dunce
Feeblemindedness
Simpleton
Pain in the bum
Dingleberry
Knucklehead
Pain in the rear
Foolish person
Scatterbrain

What Are Antonyms of Moron?

Genius
Intellectual
Rocket scientist
Intelligent person
Gifted Child
Smartypants
Smart-aleck
Wise person
Man of learning
Learned person
Know it all
Mental giant
Intellectualist

How Can You Use Moron in a Sentence?

Now that you’re better acquainted with the meaning behind our word of the day, you might wonder how to use it in a sentence. Here are a few sentence examples for you to review below:

If you ask me, the morons in Congress need to be voted out.

So I was just minding my own business, cruising down the I-5, when some moron smashed into the back of my truck yesterday!

Don’t be a moron; put your right shoe on your right foot and your left shoe on your left foot.

Our moron waiter put salt in my tea when clearly I asked for sugar.

My brother — aka the family moron — had a great idea this morning to get a pet kangaroo, stating we could also use it for transportation.

Uncle Terry told us that he likes to look at his IQ test as though he was scoring golf, and that makes sense with test scores like his.

After my dad called me a moron for dropping out of college, I decided to start my own business.

It’s not nice to call people a moron so you need to apologize to your friend.

Mary called Tony a moron after he flunked the vocab test.

Tiffany really had her guard up, causing John to wonder if some moron had just dumped her.

Sorry, I really shouldn’t be calling people morons. I am just really frustrated.

They looked at me as a stupid moron who doesn’t know the difference between right and wrong.

Please don’t belittle me. I am a respected scientist, not a moron.

Just because your toddler doesn’t know his ABC’s doesn’t make him a moron. He’s just a slow learner!

I felt like a total moron after failing the driving quiz three times in a row.

Some moron hit my car yesterday and drove off.

If you ask me, they were all acting like a bunch of morons.

My mom doesn’t let me say the words stupid or moron.

Halt Meaning: Here’s What It Means and How To Use It

SSI Meaning: Here’s What It Means and How To Use It

Beatitudes Meaning: Here’s What It Means and How To Use It

IMAGES

Sentences with Hypothesis, Hypothesis in a Sentence in English
Examples of “Hypothesis” In A Sentence
How to Write a Hypothesis: The Ultimate Guide with Examples
How to use in sentence of "hypothesis"
How to Write a Strong Hypothesis in 6 Simple Steps
Examples of “Hypothesis” In A Sentence

COMMENTS

Examples of 'Hypothesis' in a Sentence
The leading hypothesis is that the cinnamon in the applesauce was contaminated with lead. The study doesn't provide a definitive answer for why humans sing, but the researchers' leading hypothesis is that music promotes social bonding. All this was rather consistent with our hypotheses regarding diverging competencies.
Examples of "Hypothesis" in a Sentence
Learn how to use "hypothesis" in a sentence with 500 example sentences on YourDictionary.
How to use hypothesis in a sentence
Here are 300 fantastic examples of sentences and phrases with the word "hypothesis".
HYPOTHESIS in a Sentence Examples: 21 Ways to Use Hypothesis
Have you ever wondered what a "hypothesis" is and how it fits into the scientific method? A hypothesis is a proposed explanation or educated guess that can be tested through research and experimentation to determine its validity. In scientific inquiry, a hypothesis serves as the foundation for the study, guiding the direction of the research… Read More »HYPOTHESIS in a Sentence Examples ...
Hypothesis Definition & Meaning
The meaning of HYPOTHESIS is an assumption or concession made for the sake of argument. How to use hypothesis in a sentence. The Difference Between Hypothesis and Theory Synonym Discussion of Hypothesis.
Examples of 'hypothesis' in a sentence
Examples from Collins dictionaries To test this hypothesis, scientists can construct a simplified laboratory experiment. Different hypotheses have been put forward to explain why these foods are more likely to cause problems.
Hypothesis: In a Sentence
Examples of Hypothesis in a sentence. The scientist's hypothesis did not stand up, since research data was inconsistent with his guess. Each student gave a hypothesis and theorized which plant would grow the tallest during the study. A hypothesis was presented by the panel, giving a likely explanation for why the trial medicine didn't seem ...
How to Write a Hypothesis in 6 Steps, With Examples
Use this guide to learn how to write a hypothesis and read successful and unsuccessful examples of a testable hypotheses.
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "Hypothesis
Q&A about usage, example sentences, meaning and synonyms of word "Hypothesis". more than 117 answers from native speakers about natural usage and nuances of "Hypothesis".
Examples of "Hypothesis" In A Sentence
The hypothesis is a very important part of doing science and thinking carefully. It is like the strong supporting structure of a building for the process of research. A hypothesis is a clever guess or idea that can be tested to see if it is true or not. It helps us understand things or predict what might happen. In this article, we will look at many examples of 'hypothesis' in sentences.
The Word "Hypothesis" in Example Sentences
English Sentences Focusing on Words and Their Word Families The Word "Hypothesis" in Example Sentences Page 1 2110836 This is just a hypothesis . Lenin_1917 859980 Your hypothesis is correct. piksea 1834013 These facts support my hypothesis . matchai 55284 This data supports the hypothesis . CK 267169 The facts bear out this hypothesis .
HYPOTHESIS Definition & Meaning
Hypothesis definition: a proposition, or set of propositions, set forth as an explanation for the occurrence of some specified group of phenomena, either asserted merely as a provisional conjecture to guide investigation (working hypothesis ) or accepted as highly probable in the light of established facts.. See examples of HYPOTHESIS used in a sentence.
hypothesis
Definition of hypothesis noun in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
Hypothesis in a sentence (esp. good sentence like quote, proverb...)
226+9 sentence examples: 1. Let me enumerate many flaws in your hypothesis. 2. She wrote something to summarize her hypothesis. 3. The researcher sets up experiments to test the hypothesis. 4. Scientists have proposed a bold hypothesis. 5.
HYPOTHESIS
HYPOTHESIS definition: 1. an idea or explanation for something that is based on known facts but has not yet been proved…. Learn more.
hypothesis noun
Definition of hypothesis noun in Oxford Advanced American Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
HYPOTHESIS
HYPOTHESIS meaning: 1. an idea or explanation for something that is based on known facts but has not yet been proved…. Learn more.
Hypothesis in a Sentence
Usage of hypothesis in real sentences. First example: Recent discoveries suggest that ketamine may treat depression, further supporting the serotonin hypothesis.
What Is a Hypothesis and How Do I Write One? · PrepScholar
What Is a Hypothesis? Merriam Webster defines a hypothesis as "an assumption or concession made for the sake of argument." In other words, a hypothesis is an educated guess. Scientists make a reasonable assumption--or a hypothesis--then design an experiment to test whether it's true or not. Keep in mind that in science, a hypothesis should be testable. You have to be able to design an ...
How to Write a Strong Hypothesis
A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested by scientific research. If you want to test a relationship between two or more variables, you need to write hypotheses.
How to Write a Strong Hypothesis in 6 Simple Steps
Learning how to write a hypothesis comes down to knowledge and strategy. So where do you start? Learn how to make your hypothesis strong step-by-step here.
Word of the Day: honorarium
Can you correctly use the word honorarium in a sentence? Based on the definition and example provided, write a sentence using today's Word of the Day and share it as a comment on this article.
What Does Moron Mean?
How Can You Use Moron in a Sentence? Now that you're better acquainted with the meaning behind our word of the day, you might wonder how to use it in a sentence. Here are a few sentence examples for you to review below: If you ask me, the morons in Congress need to be voted out.