we
Change No. 4. If the reporting verb is in Present or in Future Tense, there is no change in the tense of the Reported Speech. If the reporting verb is in Past Tense, there is always a change in the tense of the Reported Speech, which is as follows:
In case of Future Tense, there are only four words which are changed, i.e.
will | becomes | would |
shall | becomes | should |
may | becomes | might |
can | becomes | could |
Changes based on the types of sentences.
1. Assertive Sentences (Statements) Change No. 1. Remove the commas and inverted commas. Use conjunction ‘that’. Change No. 2. Change the reporting verb ‘say into tell’, ‘says into tell’, ‘said into told’, if the reporting object is given in the sentence. But do not change the reporting verb if the reporting object is not given in the sentence. Change No. 3. ‘Said to’ can be changed into told, replied, informed, stated, added, remarked, asserted, assured, reminded, complained, and reported, according to the meaning. Change No. 4. Always remove “to’ from the reporting speech, e.g.
2. Interrogative Sentences (Questions)
Change No. 1. Change the reporting verb ‘said ‘or ‘said to’into‘ asked’ or ‘inquired of’. In case of a single question, change it into ‘asked’ but in case of more than one question, change it into “inquired of’. Change No. 2. Use conjunction ‘if’ or ‘whether’ if the reported speech starts with a helping verb. But do not use any conjunction if the reported speech starts with an interrogative word. Change No. 3. Change the Interrogative sense into an Assertive sense. Change No. 4. Remove ‘?’ question mark and use ‘ . ‘full stop, e.g.
3. Imperative Sentences (Commands and Requests)
Change No. 1. Change the reporting verb‘said’ or ‘said to’ into ordered, commanded, requested, advised, warned, forbade, suggested, encouraged, persuaded, begged, etc. according to the sense. Change No. 2. Remove the commas and inverted commas, use conjunction ‘to’. Change No. 3. Change the Imperative sense into Infinitive sense. Change No. 4. Remove ‘do not and use ‘not to’ in case of Negative Imperative sentences, e.g.
4. Exclamatory Sentences (Strong Feelings)
Change No. 1. Change the reporting verb ‘said’ or ‘said to’ into “exclaimed with joy’ or ‘exclaimed with sorrow’, ‘cry out, “pray’, etc., according to the sense, i.e.
Change No. 2. Use very or great by removing what or how. Change No. 3. Use conjunction ‘that. Change No. 4. Remove exclamatory word and exclamation sign ‘!’ The student must select the verb best suited to the sense or context, e.g.
Diagnostic Test – 29
Mother: Why are you looking so worried? Daughter: My exams are approaching. Mother: When will they start? Daughter: Next month, Mother.
Mother asked her daughter (a) …………………… The daughter replied that (b) …………………… Mother further asked (c) …………………… The daughter told her mother that they would start in the following month.
Answer: (a) why she was looking very worried (b) her exams were approaching. (c) when they would start.
4 – 5 good 3 or less you need to develop grammar skills through adequate practice |
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Reported speech plays an integral role in maintaining effective communication skills . It also ensures accuracy, objectivity, and clarity among the speakers. Reported Speech is an essential linguistic tool from everyday conversations to formal writing. It is important to teach reported speech to Class 10 to give them a wider scope of the English Language and vocabulary . Reported Speech is effective in conveying the thoughts and ideas of others accurately and without causing any misrepresentation.
What is reported speech in english grammar, reported speech for class 10 exercise 1 – mcqs, exercise 2 – change the sentences from direct to indirect speech.
Reported Speech is often called Indirect Speech, which is not the exact words spoken by the speaker and is not written inside the quotation marks. It is the representation of the words spoken by the speaker in the past by another person. Reported Speech involves transforming verb tenses, pronouns, and sometimes other elements. The changes are important to accurately represent the reported information while integrating it into the speaker’s sentence structure.
Must Read! Reported Speech: Definition, Rules, Usage with Examples
Here are the MCQs on reported speech for class 10th students. Students have to select the correct option from the given options according to the statement asked based on Reported Speech.
a. She said, “I will be there soon.”
b. She says, “I will be there soon.”
c. She said, “She will be there soon.”
d. She says, “She will be there soon.”
a. He said that he was studying for exams.
b. He says that he is studying for exams.
c. He says that he was studying for exams.
d. He said that he is studying for exams.
a. “I” changes to “he.”
b. “They” changes to “we.”
c. “You” changes to “she.”
d. “He” changes to “it.”
a. She asked if she finished her homework.
b. She asked if I finished my homework.
c. She asked if I had finished my homework.
d. She asked if she had finished her homework.
a. Present simple changes to past simple.
b. Past simple changes to present continuous.
c. Present continuous changes to future perfect.
d. Future simple changes to past perfect.
a. Sarah told me that she is leaving tomorrow.
b. Sarah told me that she was leaving tomorrow.
c. Sarah tells me that she will leave tomorrow.
d. Sarah told me that she leaves tomorrow.
a. She said that she would call me later.
b. She said that she would call me later.
c. She says that she will call me later.
d. She says that she will call me later.
a. He said, “I am going to the store.”
b. She asked, “Have you seen my keys?”
c. They said, “We will arrive soon.”
d. She told me, “Don’t be late.”
a. He asked if he could help me with that.
b. He asked if I can help him with this.
c. He asks if he can help me with this.
d. He asks if I could help him with that.
a. “Stop!” she shouted.
b. She shouts, “Stop!”
c. She shouted to stop.
d. She shouted, “Stop!”
Also Read: Useful Idioms for IELTS Exams That Will Boost Your Score
Check Your Answers
Match your answers with the right answers given below:
1. c. She said, “She will be there soon.”
2. a. He said that he was studying for exams.
3. a. “I” changes to “he.”
4. c. She asked if I had finished my homework.
5. a. Present simple changes to past simple.
6. b. Sarah told me that she was leaving tomorrow.
7. b. She said that she would call me later.
8. b. She asked, “Have you seen my keys?”
9. a. He asked if he could help me with that.
10. c. She shouted to stop.
Also Read: 50 Examples of Direct and Indirect Speech Interrogative Sentences
As candidates are well versed with the concept of reported speech it is time for the candidates to solve this exercise based on converting direct speech to indirect speech.
Must Read: Subject-Verb Agreement: Definition, 12 Rules & Examples
Answers
More Reads on Reported Speech for Class 10
What are the four types of reported speech?
The four types of reported speech are assertive, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory.
What are the two main types of reported speech?
The two main types of reported speech are direct and indirect speech.
Why do we use reported speech?
Reported Speech is effective in conveying the thoughts and ideas of others accurately and without causing any misrepresentation.
This was all about the Reported Speech Exercises for Class 10 Students with Answers. Hope you understand the concept and where it’s used. Keep an eye on Leverage Edu for more exciting and informative blogs.
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When we use the exact words of the speaker, it is called direct speech. Indirect or Reported Speech refers to a sentence reporting what someone has said.
Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more. in this page, we have explained the Reported Speech Exercises for Class 10 .
1. When the actual words are spoken are quoted, it is called Direct Speech. 2. When we report without quoting the exact words spoken it is called Indirect Speech. Example:
Remember When the reporting verb is in the past tense, all present tenses of the direct speech are changed into the corresponding past tenses.
The past simple (did/saw/knew, etc.) can usually stay the same in reported speech or can be changed to the past perfect (had done/had seen/had known, etc.)
(a) A simple present becomes a simple past.
(b) A present continuous becomes a past continuous.
(c) A present perfect becomes a past perfect.
(d) The simple past becomes the past perfect.
If the reporting verb is in the present tense the tenses of the direct speech do not change. We may thus rewrite the given examples putting the reporting verb in the present tense.
Words expressing nearness in time or place are changed into words expressing distance.
now | then |
here | there |
this | that |
today | that |
day tomorrow | the next day |
yesterday | the day before/the previous day |
last night | the night before/the previous night |
Direct : | He said, “I am glad to be here this evening.” |
Indirect : | He said that he was glad to be there that evening. |
In reporting questions, indirect speech is introduced by verbs as ‘asked’, ‘inquired’ etc.
When the question is not introduced by an interrogative word the reporting verb is followed by ‘if’ or ‘whether’.
Reported Speech Commands And Requests Examples
Imperative mood is changed into the infinitive and verbs expressing command or request to introduce indirect speech.
Direct and Indirect Exclamatory and Wishes Example Words expressing exclamation or wish to introduce the Indirect Speech.
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:
NCERT Solutions for Class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12
September 5, 2017 by Bhagya
Formulae Handbook for Class 10 Maths and Science
(Statements, Commands, Requests, and Questions) The words spoken by a person can be reported in two ways—Direct and Indirect. When we quote the exact words spoken by a person, we call it Direct Speech.
The exact words spoken by Sohan are put within inverted commas. But when we give the substance of what Sohan said, it is called the Indirect Speech.
Direct and Indirect Speech
1. Reporting Clause and Reported Speech: Sohan told Mohan that he was going to school. The words which generally come before the inverted commas are called the reporting clause, i.e. Sohan said to Mohan and the verb ‘said’, is called the reporting verb. The words spoken by Sohan and put within inverted commas are called the reported speech, i.e. “I am going to school.”
2. Rules for Changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech:
More Resources for CBSE Class 10
3. Rules for the Change of Pronouns:
For example:
6. Changing Statements into Indirect Speech:
The rules for the change of pronouns, tenses, etc. are followed.
7. Rules for the Change of Interrogative (Questions) sentences:
The reporting verb “say’ is changed into ask, inquire,
The interrogative sentence is changed into a statement by placing the subject before the verb and the full stop is put at the end of the sentence.
If the interrogative sentence has a wh-word (who, when, where, how, why, etc) the wh-word is repeated in the sentence. It serves as conjunction.
If the interrogative sentence is a yes-no answer type sentence (with auxiliary verbs am, are, was, were, do, did, have, shall, etc), then ‘if or ‘whether’ is used as a conjunction.
The auxiliaries do, does, did in a positive question in the reported speech are dropped.
The conjunction is not used after the reporting clause.
8. Changing Commands and Requests into Indirect Speech:
9. Sentences with ‘Let’.
(i) ‘Let’ is used to make a proposal.
(ii) ‘Let’ is used as ‘to allow’.
10. Sentences with Question Tags (i) In the indirect speech the question-tag is usually left. (ii) In indirect speech these words are removed and the word ‘respectfully’ is used in the reporting clause. Direct: Mahesh said, “Sir, may I go home?” Indirect: Mahesh respectfully asked his sir if he might go home.
11. Sentences with ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ Direct : He said, “Can you dance?” And I said, “No.” Indirect: He asked me if I could dance and I replied that I couldn’t. Direct : My mother said, “Will you come home on time?” And I said, “Yes.” Indirect: My mother asked me if I would come home on time and I replied that I would.
Note : ‘Yes’ of ‘No’ hides a complete sentence. Therefore, change yes/no into a short answer.
Direct : She said to me, “You didn’t break the window, did you?” Indirect: She asked me if/whether I had broken the window. Direct : He said to Geeta, “You are going to the station, aren’t you?” Indirect: He asked Geeta if/ whether she was going to the station.
12. Sentences with ‘have to’ or ‘had to’ (i) Change ‘have to’ according to the rules. (ii) But change ‘had to’ into ‘had had to’ in the indirect speech. Direct : Hari said, “I have to work a lot.” Indirect: Hari said that he had to work a lot. Direct : Hari said, “I had to work a lot.” Indirect: Hari said that he had had to work a lot.
13. Sentences with ‘Sir’, ‘Madam’ or ‘Your Honour’ etc.
You can master in English Grammar of various classes by our articles like Tenses, Clauses, Prepositions, Story writing, Unseen Passage, Notice Writing etc.
14. Exclamations and Wishes Sometimes Exclamatory sentences contain exclamations like Hurrah!, Alas!, Oh!, Heavens!, Bravo, etc. Such exclamatory words are removed in the indirect speech and we use ‘exclaimed with sorrow’, exclaimed with joy, exclaimed with surprise, etc. instead of ‘said’. Examples:
(a) Look at these sentences.
(b) Look at these sentences.
(i) Use ‘exclaimed’ in place of ‘said’ in the reporting verb in the indirect speech. (ii) In Indirect sentences, we use exclamatory sentences as statements. (iii) Indirect speech begins with that and full stop (•) is used instead of the exclamation mark (!). Exercise (Solved)
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:
(i) He said, “I will do it now.” Answer: He said that he would do it then.
(ii) He says, “Honesty is the best policy.” Answer: He says that honesty is the best policy.
(iii) Ramesh says, “I have written a letter.” Answer: Ramesh says that he has written a letter.
(iv) She said, “Mahesh will be reading a book.” Answer: She said that Mahesh would be reading a book.
(v) She said, “Where is your father?” Answer: She inquired where his father was.
(vi) He said to me, “Please take your book.” Answer: He requested me to take my book.
(vii) The Principal said to the peon, “Let this boy go out.” Answer: The Principal ordered the peon to let that boy go out.
(viii) He said to me, “May you live long!” Answer: He prayed that I might live long.
(ix) She said, “Goodbye friends!” Answer: She bade goodbye to her friends.
(ix) The student said, “Alas! I wasted my time last year.” Answer: The student regretted that he had wasted his time the previous year. Exercise (Unsolved)
Explore numerous NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 10 English Grammar Reported Speech Pdf free download is available online for students. By taking help from MCQ Questions for Class 10 English with Answers during preparation, score maximum marks in the exam. Try maintaining a time limit while answering Reported Speech Class 10 MCQs Questions with Answers so that it would be useful in your actual exams. Download the Reported Speech Multiple Choice Questions PDF free of cost and get good scores in the board exams.
Enhance your subject knowledge through Reported Speech MCQ Online Test and lay a stronger foundation of your basics. Verify your answers with MCQ on Reported Speech provided and know where you went wrong. Use the Objective Questions of Class 10th Reported Speech MCQ with Answers provided below and understand all the concepts easily.
Fill in the blanks with suitable non-finites choosing the best option from the alternatives given below. Don’t copy the whole sentence:
Sbruti : Your dress is pretty. Prachi : My mother gave it on my birthday. Shruti : When does your birthday fall on? Prachi : 7th Nov. every year. Shruti told Prachi (1) ……………. Prachi slid (2) ……………. Shruti enquired of (3) ……………. Prachi informed that it’ falls on 7th Nov. every year.
Question 1. (a) that your dress is pretty (b) that her dress is pretty (c) that your dress was pretty (d) that her dress was pretty
(d) that her dress was pretty
Question 2. (a) that my mother had given it on her birthday (b) that her mother had given it on her birthday (c) that y mother has given it on her birthday (d) that her mother has given it on her birthday
(b) that her mother had given it on her birthday
Question 3. (a) when her birthday fell on (b) when your birthday falls on (c) when your birthday fell on (d) when her birthday fall on
(a) when her birthday fell on
Doctor: Do you go for a morning walk? Sagar : I don’t have enough time in the morning. Doctor: but morning walk is very essential for you. Sagar : a walk many miles a day during the course of my work. The doctor asked Sagar (1) ………………. Sagar told him (2) ………………….. enough time in the morning. the doctor insisted that (3) …………………….. Sagar told him that he walked many miles a day during the course of his work.
Question 1. (a) If you went for a morning walk (b) if he went for a morning walk (c) it you go for a morning walk (d) if he goes for a morning walk
(b) if he went for a morning walk
Question 2. (a) that I do not have (b) that I did not have (c) that he did not have (d) that he does not have
(c) that he did not have
Question 3. (a) morning walk had been very essential for him (b) morning walk has been very, essential for him (c) morning walk was very essential for him (d) morning walk is very essential for him
(d) morning walk is very essential for him
Alba Kumar : Where are you going now? Gulab : a am going to look for my grandfather. Kumar : What happened to him? Gulab : He was suffering from high fever. Kumar asked Gulab (1) ……………………… Gulab replied that (2) ………………… Kumar further asked him (3) ……………….. Gulab told him that he had been suffering from high fever.
Question 1. (a) where I am going now (b) where he was going then (c) where I was going then (d) when he is going then
(b) where he was going then
Question 2. (a) he is going to look for his grandfather (b) I am going to look for my grandfather (c) he was going to look for his grandfather (d) a was going to look for my grandfather
(c) he was going to look for his grandfather
Question 3. (a) what was happening to him (b) what is happened to him (c) what has happened to him (d) what had happened to him
(d) what had happened to him
aayush : What did you think about the question paper? alisha : I didn’t think it was very difficult. aayush : I found the writing section very Interesting. aayush asked alisha (1) …………………. alisha replied (2) …………………….. aayush added (3) ……………………..
Question 1. (a) what she though about the question paper (b) what did you think about the question paper (c) what you thought about the question paper (d) what she think about the question paper
(a) what she though about the question paper
Question 2. (a) that I think it was not very difficult (b) that I didn’t think it was very difficult (c) that she didn’t think it was very difficult (d) that she does not think it was very difficult
(c) that she didn’t think it was very difficult
Question 3. (a) that I find the writing section very interesting (b) that he finds the writing section very interesting (c) that I found the writing section very interesting (d) that he found the writing section very interesting
(d) that he found the writing section very interesting
Doctor : How are you feeling now? Raghu : Much better, sir. Doctor : are you taking the medicines regularly? Raghu : Yes, sir. The doctor asked Raghu (1) …………………. then. Raghu replied that (2) …………………… much better. The doctor further asked Raghu (3) ……………………….. the medicines regularly. Raghu replied in affirmative.
Question 1. (a) that how he was feeling (b) how he was feeling (c) how you are feeling (d) how was he feeling
(b) how he was feeling
Question 2. (a) I am feeling (b) I was feeling (c) he is feeling (d) he was feeling
(d) he was feeling
Question 3. (a) if you are taking (b) if he is taking (c) that he was taking (d) if he was taking
(d) if he was taking
Mother : Why don’t you clean up your study table, dear? Daughter : I don’t have time, Mama Mother : How can you study in this mess? The mother lovingly asked her daughter (1) ………………….. The daughter replied (2) ……………….. Expressing her surprise the mother asked her (3) ………………..
Question 1. (a) why don’t you clean up your study table (b) why you did not clean up your study table (c) why she didn’t clean up her study table (d) why she does not clean up her study table
(c) why she didn’t clean up her study table
Question 2. (a) that I don’t have time (b) that she don’t have time (c) that she does not have time (d) that she didn’t have time
(d) that she didn’t have time
Question 3. (a) how she could study in hat mess (b) how she can study in this mess (c) how you can study in this mess (d) how you could study in that mess
(a) how she could study in hat mess
Son : Mummy, I am very hungry. Is there anything for me to eat? Mother : I am preparing your lunch. Son : Wben will it be ready? Mother : In just a0 minutes. The son told his mother that he was very hungry and asked (1) …………………… for him to eat. The mother told him (2) ………………… The son inquired when It would be ready. The mother replied that (3) ………………….
Question 1. (a) If there had been anything (b) if there has been anything (c) if there is anything (d) if there was anything
(d) if there was anything
Question 2. (a) that she is preparing his lunch (b) that I am preparing your lunch (c) that she was preparing his lunch (d) that I was preparing your lunch
(c) that she was preparing his lunch
Question 3. (a) it will be ready in just 10 minutes (b) it would be ready in just 10 minutes (c) it should be ready in just 10 minutes (d) it is ready in just 10 minutes
(b) it would be ready in just 10 minutes
Seema : Why does your flat remain locked? Rashml : We have shifted to a rented house. Seema : Why? Rashmi : We are getting our flat renovated. Seema asked Rashmi (1) ………………. Rashmi replied (2) ……………….house Seema enquired why she had shifted. Rashmi replied that (3) ………………….. their flat renovated.
Question 1. (a) why your flat remained locked (b) why her flat remained locked (c) why her flat remains locked (d) why your flat remains locked
(b) why her flat remained locked
Question 2. (a) that we had shifted to a rented (b) that they have shifted to a rented (c) that we have shifted to a rented (d) that they had shifted to a rented
(d) that they had shifted to a rented
Question 3. (a) they are getting (b) we are getting (c) they were getting (d) we were getting
(c) they were getting
Father: Sonu, don’t pull the cat’s tail. It’ll hurt the cat. Sonu : Daddy, I am not doing anything. I’m simply holding the cat’s tail. The cat is pulling Father asked his son, Sonu (1) …………………. because (2) ………………… Sonu wittingly told his father (3) ……………… He was simply holding the cat’s tail. He supported his statement saying (4) ………………
Question 1. (a) not pull the cat’s tail (b) don’t pull the cat’s tail (c) not to pull the cat’s tail (d) not to pulled the cat’s tail
(c) not to pull the cat’s tail
Question 2. (a) it should hurt the cat (b) it shall hurt the cat (c) it will hurt the cat (d) it would hurt the cat
(d) it would hurt the cat
Question 3. (a) that he is not doing anything (b) that I am not doing anything (c) that he was not doing anything (d) that I was not doing anything
(c) that he was not doing anything
Question 4. (a) that the cat was puiang (b) that the cat is pulling (c) that the cat had been pulling (d) that the cat has been pulling
(a) that the cat was puiang
Teacher : aisharya, why are you late today? aisbwarya : Sir I missed my bus. Teacher : Take care in future. The teacher asked aishwarya (1) ………………… aishwarya replied (2) ………………… The teacher advised (3) ……………………
Question 1. (a) why you are late today (b) why she was late that day (c) why she is late today (d) why she was late today
(b) why she was late that day
Question 2. (a) that I had missed my bus (b) that I missed my bus (c) that she had missed her bus (d) that she missed my bus
(c) that she had missed her bus
Question 3. (a) him to take care in the future (b) him to take care in future (c) her to took care in future (d) her to take care in future
(d) her to take care in future
Raman : Sukanya, why is this old lady shouting at you? Sukanya : I don’t know. I haven’t done anything to her, yet I am afraid. Raman asked Sukanya (1) …………………. Sukanya replied (2) ……………………… and she thought (3) …………………… yet she was afraid.
Question 1. (a) why that old lady ¡s shouting at her (b) why that old lady was shouting at her (c) why that old lady was shouting at you (d) why that old lady is shouting at you
(a) why that old lady ¡s shouting at her
Question 2. (a) that I did not know (b) that she does not know (c) that I do not know (d) that she didn’t know
(d) that she didn’t know
Question 3. (a) she has not done anything to her (b) I had not done anything to her (c) she hadn’t done anything to her (d) I have not done anything to her
(c) she hadn’t done anything to her
Gaitri : How did you climb this tall tree? Pranav : a used a ladder. but someone went off with it while I was cutting this branch. While I was cutting this branch. Gaitri asked Pranav (1) ……………….. Pranav replied (2) ………………….. but that (3) ………………..while he had been cutting that branch.
Question 1. (a) how you had ciimbeci trial tall tree (b) how he had climbed that tall tree (c) how you did climbed that tall tree (d) how did he climb this tall tree
(b) how he had climbed that tall tree
Question 2. (a) that I used a ladder (b) that he has used a ladder (c) that he had used a ladder (d) that I had used a ladder
(c) that he had used a ladder
Question 3. (a) someone went off with it (b) someone has gone off with it (c) someone gone off with it (d) someone had gone off with it
(d) someone had gone off with it
School mistress : Has anyone of you seen a camel’s skin ? One Little boy : Yes, madam. Mistress : Where did you see it ? The boy : On camel’s back, madam. a school mistress asked little children (1) ………………… One little boy shouted out (2) …………………….. The mistress asked him (c) ……………………. The boy innocently answered that he had seen it on camel’s back.
Question 1. (a) if anyone of them have seen a camel’s back (b) if anyone of them has seen a camel’s skin (c) if anyone of them had seen a camel’s skin (d) if anyone of them saw a camel’s skin
(c) if anyone of them had seen a camel’s skin
Question 2. (a) that I have seen it (b) that he had seen ¡t (c) that I had seen it (d) that he has seen it
(b) that he had seen ¡t
Question 3. (a) where he had seen it (b) where you have seen it (c) where you had seen it (d) where he has seen it
(a) where he had seen it
Mrs. Roy : Ramu, lock the door as I am going out. Prepare the dinner by 8 pm. Ramu (servant) : Where are you going, madam ? Please come home early. Mrs. Roy ordered her servant Ramu (1) ………………. She instructed him (2) ……………….. Ramu respectfully asked Mrs. Roy (3) ……………… and requested her to come home early.
Question 1. (a) to lock the door as I am going out (b) to lock the door as she was going out (c) to lock the door as she is going out (d) to lock the door as I was going out
(b) to lock the door as she was going out
Question 2. (a) to be prepared the dinner by 8 pm (b) to prepared the dinner by 8 pm (c) to prepare the dinner by 8 pm (d) to have prepared the dinner by 8 pm
(c) to prepare the dinner by 8 pm
Question 3. (a) where she is going (b) where you were going (c) where you are going (d) where she was going
(d) where she was going
Doctor : How many times did you take the medicine? Patient : as per your prescription? Doctor : What was my prescription? Patient : Three times a day. The doctor asked the patient (1) ……………… Patient replied (2) …………………. The doctor cross questioned. (3) ………………. The patient informed that it was about three times a day.
Question 1. (a) how many times you have taken the medicine (b) how many times he had taken the medicine (c) how many times you had taken the medicine (d) how many times he has taken the medicine
(b) how many times he had taken the medicine
Question 2. (a) that I have taken it as per his prescription (b) that I had taken ¡t as per his prescription (c) that he has taken it as per his prescription (d) that he had taken it as per his prescription
(d) that he had taken it as per his prescription
Question 3. (a) what my prescription has been (b) what is prescription had been (c) what his prescription has been (d) what my prescription had been
(b) what is prescription had been
Girlsh : I have invited my friends to dinner. Nidhi I’ll invite my friends also. Girish : What should we have for dinner? Girish told Nidhi (1) …………….. Nidhi said. (2) ……………… Girish asked her (3) ………………………
Question 1. (a) that I have invited my friends to dinner (b) that he has invited his friends to dinner (c) that I had invited my friends to dinner (d) that he had invited his friends to dinner
(d) that he had invited his friends to dinner
Question 2. (a) that I would invite my friends also (b) that she would invite her friends also (c) that she will invite my friends also (d) that I will invite any friends also
(b) that she would invite her friends also
Question 3. (a) what they shall have for dinner (b) what we should have for dinner (c) what they should have for dinner (d) what we shall have for dinner
(c) what they should have for dinner
Wife : Our domestic help has run away. Husband : Has she taken away anything? Wife : She has taken the jewellery lying on my bedside. The wife Informed her husband (1) ………………….. The husband asked her (2) ………………….. She replied (3) …………………… lying on her bedside.
Question 1. (a) that our domestic help had run away (b) that their domestic help had run away (c) that their domestic help has run away (d) that our domestic help has run away
(b) that their domestic help had run away
Question 2. (a) if she had taken away nothing (b) if has she taken away anything (c) if she has taken away anything (d) if she had taken away anything
(d) if she had taken away anything
Question 3. (a) that she does take tile jewellery (b) that she has taken the jewellery (c) that she had taken the jewellery (d) that she have taken the jewellery
(c) that she had taken the jewellery
Policeman : You are driving too fast and have also jumped a red light. car Driver : Excuse me this time. I shall be careful in future. a policeman stopped a car driver and told him (1) ……………………… and (2) ………………….. The car driver pleaded to be excused that time and ‘promised (3) …………………….
Question 1. (a) that you are driving too fast (b) that he was driving too fast (c) that he is driving too fast (d) that you were driving too fast
(b) that he was driving too fast
Question 2. (a) that you had also jumped a red light (b) that you have also jumped a red light (c) that he has also jumped a red light (d) that he had also jumped red light
(d) that he had also jumped red light
Question 3. (a) to be careful in future (b) be careful in future (c) to be not careful in future (d) shall be careful in future
(a) to be careful in future
Rajeev : Our new servant has a tendency to steal things. Vandana : Is anything missing ? Rajecev : He has stolen the watch you presented me on my birthday. Rajeev told his wife Vandana that (1) …………………. Vandana asked him (2) …………………… Rajeev told her that (3) …………………… on his birthday.
Question 1. (a) their servant has a tendency to steal things (b) our servant has a tendency to steal things (c) their servant had a tendency to steal things (d) our servant had a tendency to steal things
(c) their servant had a tendency to steal things
Question 2. (a) if anything is being missed (b) if anything was missed (c) if any thing is missing (d) if anything was missing
(d) if anything was missing
Question 3. (a) he has stolen the watch I have presented him (b) he had stolen the watch she had presented him (c) he had stolen the watch I have presented you (d) he had been stolen the watch she had presented him
(b) he had stolen the watch she had presented him
Umang : I have problem with my homework. Will you please help me ? Pulkit : Yes, but what is the problem? Umang told her brother (1) ………………….. with her homework. Requesting him she asked (2) ……………………. help her. Pulkit said that he would but wanted to know (3) …………………….
Question 1. (a) that I have problem (b) that she had problem (c) that I had probelm (d) that she has probelm
(b) that she had problem
Question 2. (a) if you would (b) if would (c) if he would (d) if she would
(c) if he would
Question 3. (a) what the problem is (b) what is the problem (c) what was the problem (d) what the problem was
(d) what the problem was
Sumit : My father has decided to gift me a bike on my birthday. Vipul : 0! It is a wonderful news. Sumit : We will go on a long ride the day get the bike. Sumit informed his friend Viput 1 on his birthday. (1) …………………….. Viput was very happy and said that for him (2) ………………….. Sumit told Viput (3) …………………… on a long ride the day he got the bike.
Question 1. (a) that my father had decided to gift me a bike (b) that his father has decided to gift me a bike (c) that my father has decided to gift him a bike (d) that his father had decided to gift him a bike
(d) that his father had decided to gift him a bike
Question 2. (a) it is a wonderful news (b) it was a wonderful news (c) it had been a wonderful news (d) it has been a wonderful news
(b) it was a wonderful news
Question 3. (a) that we will go (b) that they will go (c) that they would go (d) that we would go
(c) that they would go
Rekha : anita’s mother is seriously ill and ¡s in the hospital. Dolly : What has happened to her? Rekha : She complained of chest pain yesterday. DoIly : a will go to see her tomorrow. Rekha told Dolly (1) ………………………. and was ¡n the hospital. Dolly asked (2) …………….. Rekha told her that (3) ………………… Dolly felt much concerned and said that she would go to see her the day after.
Question 1. (a) that anita’s mother had been seriously ill (b) that anita’s mother was seriously ill (c) that anita’s mother is seriously ill (d) that anita’s mother has been seriously ill
(b) that anita’s mother was seriously ill
Question 2. (a) what has happened to him (b) what had happened to him (c) what has happened to her (d) what had happened to her
(d) what had happened to her
Question 3. (a) she complains of chest pain. yesterday (b) she complained of chest pain yesterday (c) she had complained of chest pain the previous day (d) she complains of chest pain the previous day
(d) she complains of chest pain the previous day
Tarun : Divya, do you see the way the old lady is looking at us? Divya : She seems to be working her magic on us. We should run away from here. Tarun asked his friend Divya (a) ……………………… the old lady was looking at them To this Divya replied that (2) ………………………. and suggested that (3) ……………………..
Question 1. (a) if you could see the way (b) if she could see the way (c) if you see the way (d) if she can see the way
(b) if she could see the way
Question 2. (a) she seems to be working her magic on us (b) she seemed to be working her magic on us (c) she seems to be working her magic on them (d) she seemed to be working her magic on them
(d) she seemed to be working her magic on them
Question 3. (a) they should run away from there (b) they should run away from here (c) we should run away from here (d) we should run away from there
(a) they should run away from there
Mrs. bhalla : I can’t believe it ! live lost ten pounds. Mr. bhalla : That’s great ! Your diet seems to be working. Mrs. bhalla : I hope you have not disturbed the scales. Mrs. bhalla expressing surprise told her husband (1) ……………………….. that she had lost ten pounds. Mr. bhalla exclaimed that was great and added (2) ……………………………. working. Mrs. bhalla commented that she hoped (3) …………………….
Question 1. (a) she can’t believe (b) I could not believe (c) I can’t believe (d) she could not believe
(d) she could not believe
Question 2. (a) that your diet seems to be (b) that her diet seemed to be (c) that your diet seemed to be (d) that her diet seems to be
(b) that her diet seemed to be
Question 3. (a) he has not. disturbed the scales (b) you have not disturbed the scales (c) he had not disturbed the scales (d) you had not disturbed the scales
(c) he had not disturbed the scales
Grandmother : What has happened, Rahul? Rahul : Grandma, I lost my tooth. Grandmother : Don’t worry. I’ll take you to the dentist. Grandmother : Don’t worry. I’ll take you to the dentist. Grandmother asked her grandson, Rahul (1) ………………. Rahul replied (2) ……………….. His grandmother advised him (3) ………………….. and added that she would take him to the dentist.
Question 1. (a) what happened had (b) what had happen (c) what has happened (d) what had happened
(d) what had happened
Question 2. (a) that he has lost his tooth (b) that he had lost his tooth (c) that I lost my tooth (d) that I have lost my tooth
(b) that he had lost his tooth
Question 3. (a) worry not (b) not to worry (c) not to get worry (d) nor to worried
(b) not to worry
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CBSE Class 10 Science CBSE Class 10 Social Science CBSE Class 10 Maths
(Statements, Commands, Requests, and Questions) The words spoken by a person can be reported in two ways—Direct and Indirect. When we quote the exact words spoken by a person, we call it Direct Speech.
The exact words spoken by Sohan are put within inverted commas. But when we give the substance of what Sohan said, it is called the Indirect Speech.
Direct and Indirect Speech
1. Reporting Clause and Reported Speech: Sohan told Mohan that he was going to school. The words which generally come before the inverted commas are called the reporting clause, i.e. Sohan said to Mohan and the verb ‘said’, is called the reporting verb. The words spoken by Sohan and put within inverted commas are called the reported speech, i.e. “I am going to school.”
2. Rules for Changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech:
3. Rules for the Change of Pronouns:
For example:
6. Changing Statements into Indirect Speech:
The rules for the change of pronouns, tenses, etc. are followed.
7. Rules for the Change of Interrogative (Questions) sentences:
The reporting verb “say’ is changed into ask, inquire,
The interrogative sentence is changed into a statement by placing the subject before the verb and the full stop is put at the end of the sentence.
If the interrogative sentence has a wh-word (who, when, where, how, why, etc) the wh-word is repeated in the sentence. It serves as conjunction.
If the interrogative sentence is a yes-no answer type sentence (with auxiliary verbs am, are, was, were, do, did, have, shall, etc), then ‘if or ‘whether’ is used as a conjunction.
The auxiliaries do, does, did in a positive question in the reported speech are dropped.
The conjunction is not used after the reporting clause.
8. Changing Commands and Requests into Indirect Speech:
9. Sentences with ‘Let’.
(i) ‘Let’ is used to make a proposal.
(ii) ‘Let’ is used as ‘to allow’.
10. Sentences with Question Tags (i) In the indirect speech the question-tag is usually left. (ii) In indirect speech these words are removed and the word ‘respectfully’ is used in the reporting clause. Direct: Mahesh said, “Sir, may I go home?” Indirect: Mahesh respectfully asked his sir if he might go home.
11. Sentences with ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ Direct : He said, “Can you dance?” And I said, “No.” Indirect: He asked me if I could dance and I replied that I couldn’t. Direct : My mother said, “Will you come home on time?” And I said, “Yes.” Indirect: My mother asked me if I would come home on time and I replied that I would.
Note : ‘Yes’ of ‘No’ hides a complete sentence. Therefore, change yes/no into a short answer.
Direct : She said to me, “You didn’t break the window, did you?” Indirect: She asked me if/whether I had broken the window. Direct : He said to Geeta, “You are going to the station, aren’t you?” Indirect: He asked Geeta if/ whether she was going to the station.
12. Sentences with ‘have to’ or ‘had to’ (i) Change ‘have to’ according to the rules. (ii) But change ‘had to’ into ‘had had to’ in the indirect speech. Direct : Hari said, “I have to work a lot.” Indirect: Hari said that he had to work a lot. Direct : Hari said, “I had to work a lot.” Indirect: Hari said that he had had to work a lot.
13. Sentences with ‘Sir’, ‘Madam’ or ‘Your Honour’ etc.
You can master in English Grammar of various classes by our articles like Tenses, Clauses, Prepositions, Story writing, Unseen Passage, Notice Writing etc.
14. Exclamations and Wishes Sometimes Exclamatory sentences contain exclamations like Hurrah!, Alas!, Oh!, Heavens!, Bravo, etc. Such exclamatory words are removed in the indirect speech and we use ‘exclaimed with sorrow’, exclaimed with joy, exclaimed with surprise, etc. instead of ‘said’. Examples:
(a) Look at these sentences.
(b) Look at these sentences.
(i) Use ‘exclaimed’ in place of ‘said’ in the reporting verb in the indirect speech. (ii) In Indirect sentences, we use exclamatory sentences as statements. (iii) Indirect speech begins with that and full stop (•) is used instead of the exclamation mark (!). Exercise (Solved)
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:
(i) He said, “I will do it now.” Answer: He said that he would do it then.
(ii) He says, “Honesty is the best policy.” Answer: He says that honesty is the best policy.
(iii) Ramesh says, “I have written a letter.” Answer: Ramesh says that he has written a letter.
(iv) She said, “Mahesh will be reading a book.” Answer: She said that Mahesh would be reading a book.
(v) She said, “Where is your father?” Answer: She inquired where his father was.
(vi) He said to me, “Please take your book.” Answer: He requested me to take my book.
(vii) The Principal said to the peon, “Let this boy go out.” Answer: The Principal ordered the peon to let that boy go out.
(viii) He said to me, “May you live long!” Answer: He prayed that I might live long.
(ix) She said, “Goodbye friends!” Answer: She bade goodbye to her friends.
(ix) The student said, “Alas! I wasted my time last year.” Answer: The student regretted that he had wasted his time the previous year. Exercise (Unsolved)
When we want to tell somebody else what another person said, we can use either direct speech and reported speech. When we use direct speech, we use the same words but use quotation marks, For example: Scott said, “I am coming to work. I will be late because there is a lot of traffic now.”
When we use reported speech, we usually change the verbs, specific times, and pronouns. For example: Scott said that he was coming to work. He said that he would be late because there was a lot of traffic at that time.
This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English will help you to write better answers in your Class 10 exams. Because the Solutions are solved by subject matter experts.
Rules for Reported Speech While changing direct speech into reported speech or vice-versa the following changes occur:
1. Changes In Reporting Verb Affirmative sentences: said, told (object), asserted, replied, assured, informed, responded, whispered, alleged, believed, assumed, thought Interrogative sentences: asked, enquired, wanted to know Imperative sentences: ordered, begged, pleaded, implored, advised, demanded
2. Change Of Pronouns Direct Speech: Johnny said, ‘I am playing.’ Indirect Speech: Johnny said that he was playing. First-person generally changes to third person {depending upon the subject of the reporting verb).
3. Change Of Tenses
Johnny said, ‘I like to play.’ | Johnny said that he liked to play. |
Johnny said, ‘I am playing.’ | Johnny said that he was playing. |
Johnny said, ‘I have played this game.’ | Johnny said that he had played that game. |
Johnny said, ‘I have been playing this game.’ | Johnny said that he had been playing that game. |
Johnny said, ‘I played this game last week. ’ | Johnny said that he had played that game the previous week. |
Johnny said, ‘I was playing this game when Mohan came home.’ | Johnny said that he had been/was playing that game when Mohan came home. |
Johnny said, ‘I had played this game before you came.’ | Johnny said that he had played that game before he came. |
Johnny said, ‘I will play this game.’ | Johnny said that he would play that game. |
In general, present tense becomes past tense; past tense and present perfect become past perfect.
4. Change of situations Example: Nagesh said, ‘I read this book last week. (direct speech) Nagesh said that he had read that book the previous week, (indirect speech)
5. In case of questions and answers Examples:
(a) For yes/no questions – use if/whether (b) For wh- questions – use the wh-word
Word Order:
6. Reported Speech using present and future tenses Examples:
7. In case of modal verbs can becomes could
would, should, could, might, ought to and must are unchanged. Example:
Read the dialogue given below and then complete the passage that follows.
Question 1. Read the dialogue and complete the passage given below.
Interviewer: So, why do you want to be a computer programmer? Ravi: Well, I have always been interested in computers. Interviewer: I see. Do you have any experience? Ravi: No, but I’m a fast learner. Interviewer: What kind of a computer do you use? Ravi: Computer? Uhm, let me see. I can use a Mac. I also used Windows 10 once. Interviewer: That’s good.
Ravi recently attended an interview for the selection of a computer programmer. At the interview, he was asked (a) ……………………….. To this question he replied that he wanted to change his job because (b) ……………………….. When the interviewer asked him (e) ………………………. he replied that he (d) ……………………….. Finally, the interviewer wanted to know (e) ………………………. . Ravi replied that he could use a Mac and had also used Windows 10 once in the,.past. The interviewer seemed to be pleased with his answers. Answer: (a) why he wanted to be a computer programmer (b) he had always been interested in computers (c) whether he had any experience (d) didn’t but that he was a fast learner (e) the kind of computer he used
Question 2. Manu: Where are you going to? Annu: I am going to the market. Do you want anything?
Manu asked Annu (a) …………………… Annu replied (b) …………………… Annu replied (b) …………………… and she further asked (C) …………………… Answer: (a) where she was going. (b) that she was going to the market (c) if/whether she wanted anything.
Question 3. Sunita: Tomorrow is your birthday, what do you want as a gift? Neetu: That is a lovely thought but I don’t want anything.
Sunita asked Neetu since the next day was her birthday, (a) …………………… Neetu replied that (b) …………………… but (C) ………………….. . Answer: (a) what she wanted as a gift (b) that was a lovely thought (c) she did not want anything.
Question 4. Gardener: Did you water the plant today? Dev: No, but I will, today. Gardener: Then tomorrow I will get a sapling of sunflower.
The Gardener asked Dev (a) …………………… Dev replied negatively but (b) …………………… Then the gardener said that (c) ………………….. . Answer: (a) if/whether he had watered the plant that day. (b) said he would that day. (c) he would get a sapling of a sunflower the next day.
Question 5. Mr. Harish: Can you polish my shoes? Cobbler: Yes sir. But I will take 10 for each shoe.
Mr. Harish: I will not mind as long as it is done. Mr. Harish asked the cobbler (a) …………………… The cobbler replied affirmatively but (b) …………………… Mr. Harish said that (C) ……………………. Answer: (a) if/whether he could polish his shoes. (b) said that he would take 10 for each shoe (c) he would not mind as long as it was done.
Question 6. Electrician: When did your electricity go? Mohan: It is not working since evening. Electrician: Sorry sir, in this case, I will have to check the fuse now.
The electrician asked Mohan (a) …………………… Mohan replied that (b) …………………… The electrician apologetically said that in that case (c) …………………… Answer: (a) when his electricity had gone. (b) it was not working since evening. (c) he would have to check the fuse then.
Question 7. Teacher : Children, let us all pledge to save trees. Children : Yes, mam, we all pledge to save our trees as the trees are the lungs of the city. Teacher : Let us start today by planting a sapling.
The teacher asked all the children to pledge to save trees. The children replied affirmatively (a) …………………… as the (b) …………………… Then the teacher said that (c) ………………….. . Answer: (a) saying that they all pledged to save trees (b) trees are the lungs of the city. (c) they should start by planting a sapling that day.
Question 8. Buddha : Honesty is the best policy. Disciple : Does honesty always pay? Buddha : It may or may not, but at least you will never feel guilty.
Buddha in his preaching said that (a) …………………… the best policy. A disciple asked him if (b) …………………… always pays, Buddha replied (c) …………………… but at least he would never feel guilty. Answer: (a) Honesty is (b) honesty (c) that it might or might not
Question 9. Doctor : You should take this medicine every day. Patient : Should I take it before dinner or after dinner? Doctor : No, you should take it after breakfast.
The Doctor advised the patient that (a) …………………… The patient further asked (b) …………………… The doctor replied negatively and then said (c) ………………….. . Answer: (a) he should take that medicine every day. (b) if/whether he should take it before dinner or after dinner. (c) that he should take it after breakfast
Question 10. Reena : Do you know how to swim? Surbhi : Yes I know. I have learnt it during this summer vacation.
Reena asked Surbhi (a) …………………… Then Surbhi replied (b) …………………… and also added that (c) ………………….. . Answer: (a) if/whether she knew how to swim (b) in affirmative (c) she had learnt it during the summer vacation.
The chapter “Reported Speech” teaches students how to report statements, questions, and requests made by others. It explains the changes that occur when reporting speech, such as changes in verb tense, pronouns, and time expressions. The chapter also covers the use of reporting verbs and the rules for reporting different types of sentences. By the end of the chapter, students should be able to accurately report what someone else has said in both written and spoken English.
Assignment and Activities for CBSE Class 10 English Chapter: Reported Speech
Conclusion : Reported Speech
The chapter “Reported Speech” is an essential part of learning English grammar. By understanding how to report what others have said, students can communicate more effectively and accurately in both written and spoken English. Through practice and application, students can master the rules of reported speech and use them confidently in their communication.
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Q1. What is reported speech?
ANS: Reported speech is when we report what someone else has said without quoting their exact words.
Q2. What are the changes that occur in reported speech?
ANS: Changes in verb tense, pronouns, time expressions, and other words occur in reported speech.
Q3. How do you report statements in reported speech?
ANS: Statements are reported by changing the verb tense, pronouns, and other words as necessary.
Q4. Can you report questions in reported speech?
ANS: Yes, questions can be reported by changing them into reported questions.
Q5. What are reporting verbs?
ANS: Reporting verbs are verbs used to report what someone else has said, such as “say,” “tell,” “ask,” etc.
Q6. How do you report requests in reported speech?
ANS: Requests are reported by using reporting verbs such as “ask,” “request,” or “beg,” and changing the verb form as necessary.
Q7. What is the importance of reported speech in English?
ANS: Reported speech is important because it allows us to report what others have said accurately and effectively.
Q8. How do you report commands in reported speech?
ANS: Commands are reported by using reporting verbs such as “tell” or “order,” and changing the verb form as necessary.
Q9. What are the common mistakes to avoid in reported speech?
ANS: Common mistakes include incorrect changes in verb tense, pronouns, and word order.
Q10. How can you improve your reported speech skills?
ANS: You can improve your reported speech skills by practicing reporting different types of sentences and paying attention to the changes that occur.
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Reported speech or indirect speech is the form of speech used to convey what was said by someone at some point of time. This article will help you with all that you need to know about reported speech, its meaning, definition, how and when to use them along with examples. Furthermore, try out the practice questions given to check how far you have understood the topic.
Definition of reported speech, rules to be followed when using reported speech, table 1 – change of pronouns, table 2 – change of adverbs of place and adverbs of time, table 3 – change of tense, table 4 – change of modal verbs, tips to practise reported speech, examples of reported speech, check your understanding of reported speech, frequently asked questions on reported speech in english, what is reported speech.
Reported speech is the form in which one can convey a message said by oneself or someone else, mostly in the past. It can also be said to be the third person view of what someone has said. In this form of speech, you need not use quotation marks as you are not quoting the exact words spoken by the speaker, but just conveying the message.
Now, take a look at the following dictionary definitions for a clearer idea of what it is.
Reported speech, according to the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, is defined as “a report of what somebody has said that does not use their exact words.” The Collins Dictionary defines reported speech as “speech which tells you what someone said, but does not use the person’s actual words.” According to the Cambridge Dictionary, reported speech is defined as “the act of reporting something that was said, but not using exactly the same words.” The Macmillan Dictionary defines reported speech as “the words that you use to report what someone else has said.”
Reported speech is a little different from direct speech . As it has been discussed already, reported speech is used to tell what someone said and does not use the exact words of the speaker. Take a look at the following rules so that you can make use of reported speech effectively.
Subject said that (report whatever the speaker said) |
As discussed earlier, when transforming a sentence from direct speech into reported speech, you will have to change the pronouns, tense and adverbs of time and place used by the speaker. Let us look at the following tables to see how they work.
I | He, she |
Me | Him, her |
We | They |
Us | Them |
You | He, she, they |
You | Him, her, them |
My | His, her |
Mine | His, hers |
Our | Their |
Ours | Theirs |
Your | His, her, their |
Yours | His, hers, theirs |
This | That |
These | Those |
Here | There |
Now | Then |
Today | That day |
Tomorrow | The next day / The following day |
Yesterday | The previous day |
Tonight | That night |
Last week | The week before |
Next week | The week after |
Last month | The previous month |
Next month | The following month |
Last year | The previous year |
Next year | The following year |
Ago | Before |
Thus | So |
Simple Present Example: Preethi said, “I cook pasta.” | Simple Past Example: Preethi said that she cooked pasta. |
Present Continuous Example: Preethi said, “I am cooking pasta.” | Past Continuous Example: Preethi said that she was cooking pasta. |
Present Perfect Example: Preethi said, “I have cooked pasta.” | Past Perfect Example: Preethi said that she had cooked pasta. |
Present Perfect Example: Preethi said, “I have been cooking pasta.” | Past Perfect Continuous Example: Preethi said that she had been cooking pasta. |
Simple Past Example: Preethi said, “I cooked pasta.” | Past Perfect Example: Preethi said that she had cooked pasta. |
Past Continuous Example: Preethi said, “I was cooking pasta.” | Past Perfect Continuous Example: Preethi said that she had been cooking pasta. |
Past Perfect Example: Preethi said, “I had cooked pasta.” | Past Perfect (No change) Example: Preethi said that she had cooked pasta. |
Past Perfect Continuous Example: Preethi said, “I had been cooking pasta.” | Past Perfect Continuous (No change) Example: Preethi said that she had been cooking pasta. |
Will | Would |
May | Might |
Can | Could |
Shall | Should |
Has/Have | Had |
Here are some tips you can follow to become a pro in using reported speech.
Given below are a few examples to show you how reported speech can be written. Check them out.
Transform the following sentences into reported speech by making the necessary changes.
1. Rachel said, “I have an interview tomorrow.”
2. Mahesh said, “What is he doing?”
3. Sherly said, “My daughter is playing the lead role in the skit.”
4. Dinesh said, “It is a wonderful movie!”
5. Suresh said, “My son is getting married next month.”
6. Preetha said, “Can you please help me with the invitations?”
7. Anna said, “I look forward to meeting you.”
8. The teacher said, “Make sure you complete the homework before tomorrow.”
9. Sylvester said, “I am not going to cry anymore.”
10. Jade said, “My sister is moving to Los Angeles.”
Now, find out if you have answered all of them correctly.
1. Rachel said that she had an interview the next day.
2. Mahesh asked what he was doing.
3. Sherly said that her daughter was playing the lead role in the skit.
4. Dinesh exclaimed that it was a wonderful movie.
5. Suresh said that his son was getting married the following month.
6. Preetha asked if I could help her with the invitations.
7. Anna said that she looked forward to meeting me.
8. The teacher told us to make sure we completed the homework before the next day.
9. Sylvester said that he was not going to cry anymore.
10. Jade said that his sister was moving to Los Angeles.
What is the definition of reported speech.
Reported speech, according to the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, is defined as “a report of what somebody has said that does not use their exact words.” The Collins Dictionary defines reported speech as “speech which tells you what someone said, but does not use the person’s actual words.” According to the Cambridge Dictionary, reported speech is defined as “the act of reporting something that was said, but not using exactly the same words.” The Macmillan Dictionary defines reported speech as “the words that you use to report what someone else has said.”
You can use the following formula to construct a sentence in the reported speech. Subject said that (report whatever the speaker said)
Given below are a few examples to show you how reported speech can be written.
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If you want to learn about reported speech before doing this worksheet, go to the reported speech study page.
1. Rahul meets Shyam at the bus stop. Shyam was absent from school yesterday.
Rahul: Why were you absent yesterday?
While meeting Shyam at the bus stop, Rahul asked why he …………………………………….. to which Shyam replied that ……………………………….
Hairdresser: Hi Rani, what can I do for you?
The hairdresser asked Rani ……………………………………………. Rani replied that ……………………………………………
Neighbour: No, I haven’t but I will let you know if I find him.
Meera asked her neighbour if/whether she had seen her cat who had been missing since morning . Her neighbour replied that she hadn’t seen the cat but she would let her know if she found him.
Mother asked Ammu ………………………………………………….. to which Ammu replied that ………………………………………… because ………………………………………………
Rani: I would like to watch a movie tonight. Would you like to come with me?
Rani told Priyanka that she would like to watch a movie and asked her if she would like to go with her. Priyanka replied that she would like to but she couldn’t because she had an important assignment to complete.
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Rahul said, “i will come tomorrow afternoon to take my book.” a) rahul said that he will come tomorrow afternoon to take my book. b) rahul said that he would come tomorrow afternoon to take my book. c) rahul said that he would come the next day afternoon to take his book. d) rahul said that he would come the next day afternoon to take my book. correct answer is option 'c'. can you explain this answer.
answered |
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He says, “my father works in the navy.” a) he says that her father works in the navy. b) he says that his father works in the navy. c) he says that his father worked in the navy. d) he says that my father works in the navy. correct answer is option 'b'. can you explain this answer, dinesh asked, "are you going to the party tomorrow, rani" a) dinesh asked whether rani was going to the party the next day. b) dinesh asked rani whether you are going to the party the next day. c) dinesh asked rani whether she was going to the party the next day. d) dinesh asked rani are you going to the party tomorrow. correct answer is option 'c'. can you explain this answer, his sister said to arjun, “bring me a colourful dress.” a) his sister said to arjun bring me a colourful dress. b) his sister asked arjun to bring her a colourful dress. c) his sister said to arjun to bring her a colourful dress. d) his sister say to arjun bring her a colourful dress. correct answer is option 'b'. can you explain this answer, the boy said, "who dare call you a thief" a) the boy shouted who dared call him a thief. b) the boy asked who called him a thief. c) the boy told that who dared call him a thief. d) the boy wondered who dared call a thief. correct answer is option 'a'. can you explain this answer, he said, "i cannot help you at present because i am myself in difficulty." a) he said that i cannot help you at present because i myself in difficulty. b) he said that he could not help him at present because he was himself in difficulty. c) he told that he could not help you at present because he was himself in difficulty. d) he asked that he could not help you at present because he was himself in difficulty. correct answer is option 'b'. can you explain this answer, he said to me, "i expect you to attend the function." a) he told me that he had expected me to attend the function. b) he told me that he expected me to attended the function. c) he told me that he expected me to have attended the function. d) he told me that he expected me to attend the function. correct answer is option 'a'. can you explain this answer, johnny said, “i played this game last week.” a) johnny said that he had played that game the previous week. b) johnny said that he played that game the previous week. c) johnny said that he had played the game the previous week. d) johnny said that he played that game last week. correct answer is option 'a'. can you explain this answer, my friend says to me, “you have to work hard to achieve the top rank.” a) my friend says that i had to work had to achieve the top rank. b) my friend says that he has to work hard to achieve the top rank. c) my friend says that i have to work hard to achieve the top rank. d) my friend says that i have to work hard to achieve that top rank. correct answer is option 'c'. can you explain this answer, "are you alone, my son" asked a soft voice close behind me. a) a soft voice asked that what i was doing there alone. b) a soft voice said to me are you alone son. c) a soft voice from my back asked if i was alone. d) a soft voice behind me asked if i was alone. correct answer is option 'd'. can you explain this answer, gita said “this is my book” a) gita said that this is her book. b) gita told that this was her book. c) gita said that it was her book. d) gita said that this was her book. correct answer is option 'd'. can you explain this answer, he said to his father, "please increase my pocket-money." a) he told his father, "please increase the pocket-money" b) he pleaded his father to please increase my pocket money. c) he requested his father to increase his pocket-money. d) he asked his father to increase his pocket-money. correct answer is option 'c'. can you explain this answer, he said, ‘’i hardly have time to attend any party.” a) he said that he has no time to attend any party. b) he said that he hardly has time to attend any party. c) he said that he hardly had time to attend any party. d) he says that he hardly had time to attend any party. correct answer is option 'c'. can you explain this answer, i told him that he was not working hard. a) i said to him, "you are not working hard." b) i told to him, "you are not working hard." c) i said, "you are not working hard." d) i said to him, "he is not working hard." correct answer is option 'a'. can you explain this answer, i said to you, “i don’t believe you.” a) i said i didn’t believe you. b) i said to you i don’t believe you. c) i said i don’t believe you. d) i said to you that i didn’t believe. correct answer is option 'a'. can you explain this answer, his father ordered him to go to his room and study. a) his father said, "go to your room and study." b) his father said to him, "go and study in your room." c) his father shouted, "go right now to your study room" d) his father said firmly, "go and study in your room." correct answer is option 'a'. can you explain this answer, he said to prapti, “will you come with me” a) he asked prapti whether she will come with him. b) he asked prapti whether she would come with him. c) he asked prapti to come with him. d) he liked prapti to come with him. correct answer is option 'b'. can you explain this answer, rewrite the sentence in indirect speech. "where do you live", said the stranger. a) the stranger enquires where i have been living. b) the stranger enquired where i had been living. c) the stranger enquires where i lived. d) the stranger enquired where i lived. correct answer is option 'd'. can you explain this answer, he says he is unwell. a) he said, “i am unwell.” b) he says,” i was unwell.” c) he says, “he was unwell.” d) he said, “i were unwell.” correct answer is option 'a'. can you explain this answer, "where will you be tomorrow," i said, "in case i have to ring you" a) i asked where you will be the next day in case i will ring him. b) i asked where he would be the next day in case i had to ring him. c) i said to him where he will be in case i have to ring him. d) i enquired about his where about the next day in case i would have to ring up. correct answer is option 'b'. can you explain this answer, sourabh asked, “what is the matter” a) sourabh asked what is the matter. b) sourabh asked what the matter was. c) sourabh asked what the matter is. d) sourabh asked what matter was that. correct answer is option 'b'. can you explain this answer, she said that her brother was getting married. a) she said, "her brother is getting married." b) she told, "her brother is getting married." c) she said, "my brother is getting married." d) she said, "my brother was getting married." correct answer is option 'c'. can you explain this answer, michael said, “i called williams for tonight dinner.” a) michael said that he had called williams for tonight dinner. b) michael said that he had called williams for dinner that night. c) michael said that he have called williams for tonight dinner. d) michael said that he called willaims for that day night dinner. correct answer is option 'b'. can you explain this answer, she exclaimed with sorrow that was a very miserable plight. a) she said with sorrow, "what a pity it is." b) she said, "what a mystery it is." c) she said, "what a miserable sight it is." d) she said, "what a miserable plight it is." correct answer is option 'd'. can you explain this answer, he said, "be quite and listen to my words.” a) he urged them to be quite and listen to his words. b) he urged them and said be quite and listen to his words. c) he urged they should be quite and listen to his words. d) he said you should be quite and listen to his words. correct answer is option 'a'. can you explain this answer, "if you don't keep quiet i shall shoot you", he said to her in a calm voice. a) he warned her to shoot if she didn't keep quiet calmly. b) he said calmly that i shall shoot you if you don't be quiet. c) he warned her calmly that he would shoot her if she didn't keep quiet. d) calmly he warned her that be quiet or else he will have to shoot her. correct answer is option 'c'. can you explain this answer, he said, “i came here long time ago.” a) he said that he came here long time ago. b) he said that he had come there long time before. c) he said that he had come there long time ago. d) he said that he came here long time before. correct answer is option 'b'. can you explain this answer, “how clever i am” ayush said. a) ayush said that how clever he was. b) ayush exclaimed how clever he was. c) ayush exclaimed that he was clever. d) ayush exclaimed that how clever he was. correct answer is option 'c'. can you explain this answer, manish said, “o my god i am ruined.” a) manish called the god, he was ruined. b) manish said that he was ruined. c) manish exclaimed sadly that he is ruined. d) manish exclaimed sadly that he was ruined. correct answer is option 'd'. can you explain this answer, dhruv said that he was sick and tired of working for that company. a) dhruv said, "i am sick and tired of working for this company." b) dhruv said, "he was tired of that company." c) dhruv said to me, "i am sick and tired of working for this company." d) dhruv said, "i will be tired of working for that company." correct answer is option 'a'. can you explain this answer, she said to him, "why don't you go today" a) she asked him why he did not go that day. b) she said to him why he don't go that day. c) she asked him not to go that day. d) she asked him why he did not go today. correct answer is option 'a'. can you explain this answer, she shouted, “leave me alone.” a) she shouted to them to leave her alone. b) she shouted to them to leave me alone. c) she shouted to them of leaving alone. d) she shouted to them for leaving her alone. correct answer is option 'a'. can you explain this answer, david said to anna, "mona will leave for her native place tomorrow." a) david told anna that mona will leave for her native place tomorrow. b) david told anna that mona left for her native place the next day. c) david told anna that mona would be leaving for her native place tomorrow. d) david told anna that mona would leave for her native place the next day. correct answer is option 'd'. can you explain this answer, he says, ''i don't want to play anymore." a) he says that he doesn't want to play anymore. b) he says that i don't want to play anymore. c) he says that i didn't want to play anymore. d) he says that he didn't want to play anymore. correct answer is option 'a'. can you explain this answer, ashish will say, “i went home.” a) ashish will say i went home. b) ashish will say he will go home. c) ashish will say he go home. d) ashish will say he went home. correct answer is option 'd'. can you explain this answer, chapter doubts & questions for reported speech - english grammar advanced 2024 is part of class 10 exam preparation. the chapters have been prepared according to the class 10 exam syllabus. the chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & mcqs are made for class 10 2024 exam. find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, mcqs and online tests here..
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Done direct and indirect speech total questions - 35.
Select options correctly showing the change of voice in each given sentence; from active to passive or from passive to active. |
A) He told Sheela that she committed a mistake here. done clear
B) He told Sheela that she had committed a mistake there. done clear
C) He told Sheela that she would commit a mistake there. done clear
D) None. done clear
A) Vamsi said that they were playing a match today. done clear
B) Vamsi said that they are playing a match today. done clear
C) Vamsi said that they have been playing a match that day. done clear
D) Vamsi said that they were playing a match that day. done clear
A) I told her that I was writing an essay then. done clear
B) I told her that I am writing an essay then. done clear
C) I told her that I was writing an essay now. done clear
D) I told to her that I was writing an essay then. done clear
A) He said children go to school every day. done clear
B) He said that children go to school every day. done clear
C) He said that children go to school that day. done clear
A) The teacher said that they are preparing well for the exams. done clear
B) The teacher asked if I am preparing well for the exams. done clear
C) The teacher asked if I was preparing well for the exams. done clear
D) The teachers asked whether I have been preparing well for the exams. done clear
A) She asked the child if he/she had taken his/her meal. done clear
B) She asked the child if he/she has taken his/her meal. done clear
C) She asked the child if he/she will take his/her meal. done clear
D) She asked the child if he/she would take his/her meal. done clear
A) She asked the boy where he learnt classical music. done clear
B) She asked the boy where he learns classical music. done clear
C) She asked the boy where he would learn classical music. done clear
D) She asked the boy where he had learnt classical music. done clear
A) The teacher asked the girl what her name was. done clear
B) The teacher said to the girl what her name is/was. done clear
C) The teacher asked the girl what was her name. done clear
D) The teacher asked the girl what is her name. done clear
A) The officer said to the clerk to file these papers immediately. done clear
B) The officer ordered to the clerk to file those papers immediately. done clear
C) The officer ordered the clerk to file those papers immediately. done clear
A) He told her that he lost all his property. done clear
B) He exclaimed with sorrow that he had lost all his property. done clear
C) He exclaimed with sorrow that he lost all his property. done clear
D) He exclaimed with sorrow that he has lost all his property. done clear
A) She said that they are going. done clear
B) She said that they have been going. done clear
C) She said that they will be going. done clear
D) She said that they had been going. done clear
A) The children told me that they would go out in the rain. done clear
B) The children told to me that they would go out in the rain. done clear
C) The children said to me that they would go out in the rain. done clear
A) He told me that I can never get my help. done clear
B) He told me that I could never get his help. done clear
C) He told me that I could never get my help. done clear
D) He told me that I can never get his help. done clear
A) He said that he should show me the way now. done clear
B) He told me that he should show me the way then. done clear
C) He said to me that he should show me the way then. done clear
A) He asked her if she would plan to go away in summer. done clear
B) He asked her if she planned to go away in summer. done clear
C) He asked her if she has planned to go away in summer. done clear
D) He asked her if she had planned to go away in summer. done clear
A) I asked him if he could lend me some money. done clear
B) I asked him if he can lend me some money. done clear
C) I asked him if he will lend me some money. done clear
D) I asked him if he shall lend me some money. done clear
A) She told him to come again tomorrow. done clear
B) She asked him to come again tomorrow. done clear
C) She asked him to come again the day after. done clear
A) The student said he was disappointed with his marks. done clear
B) The student said that he was disappointed with his marks. done clear
C) The student said that he is disappointed with his marks. done clear
A) The father told his son that the things will be sorted out then. done clear
B) The father told his son that the things would be sorted out now. done clear
C) The father told his son that the things would be sorted out then. done clear
D) The father told his son the things would be sorted out then. done clear
A) The boy said to her not to wait for the bus. done clear
B) The boy said to her that not to wait for the bus. done clear
C) The boy said to her to wait for the bus. done clear
D) The boy told her not to wait for the bus. done clear
A) The boy said that I have pain in my right leg. done clear
B) The boy said that he had pain in his right leg. done clear
C) The boy said that he has pain in his right leg. done clear
D) The boy said he had pain in his right leg. done clear
A) The mother advised her son not to waste his time. done clear
B) The mother ordered her son not to waste his time. done clear
C) The mother asked her son that not to waste his time. done clear
A) My brother asked me that what I was doing. done clear
B) My brother asked me what was I doing. done clear
C) My brother asked me what I was doing. done clear
D) None. done clear
A) I ordered her to come in. done clear
B) I said to her that she may come in. done clear
C) She sought the permission from me to come in. done clear
D) She ordered me to come in. done clear
A) The teacher said that man was mortal. done clear
B) The teacher said man is mortal. done clear
C) The teacher said that man will be mortal. done clear
D) The teacher said that man is mortal. done clear
A) She tells that they were going out. done clear
B) She tells that they are going out. done clear
C) She said that they are going out. done clear
D) She said that they were going out. done clear
A) The boy asked the Principal why it could not be correct. done clear
B) The boy asked the principal that why it could not be correct. done clear
C) The boy asked the principal why could not it be correct. done clear
A) He told to her that they are buying a new house. done clear
B) He told her that they are buying a new house. done clear
C) The boy told her that they were buying a new house. done clear
A) He will say that he doesn't like that. done clear
B) He will say that he didn't like that. done clear
C) He will say if he liked it. done clear
A) The teacher said the Earth is a planet. done clear
B) The teacher said that the Earth was a planet. done clear
C) The teacher said that the Earth is a planet. done clear
D) The teacher said that the Earth will be a planet. done clear
A) They said to him that they are leaving for Chennai the day after. done clear
B) They told him that they were leaving for Chennai the next day. done clear
C) They told him that they will be leaving for Chennai the day after. done clear
A) My mother said that not to disturb me. done clear
B) My mother told me not to disturb her. done clear
C) My mother told me to disturb her. done clear
D) My mother told me not to disturb me. done clear
A) She said to me where I had gone all these days. done clear
B) She asked me where had I gone all these days. done clear
C) She asked me where I had gone all those days. done clear
D) She asked me where had I gone all those days. done clear
A) He told to my father that he read the Hindu every day. done clear
B) He told my father that he read the Hindu every day. done clear
C) He told my father that he reads the Hindu every day. done clear
A) The teacher said to my mother, "Your son gets good marks,?? done clear
B) The teacher said to my mother, "Your son has got good marks.?? done clear
C) The teacher told to my mother, "your son got good marks.?? done clear
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Direct Speech is..
the reporting of speech by using similar words to the speaker.
the reporting of speech by rephrasing what the speaker said.
the reporting of speech by repeating the exact words of the speaker.
the reporting of speech at the exact time it was said.
Mr. Bheem asked the students ................... their test.
Have they finished
Have they finish
If they have finished
Whether they had finished
Whether they have finished
John, " I am going to visit my grandma next week". It means
John said that he was going to visit my grandma the following week
John said that he is going to visit his grandma the following week
John said that he will going to visit grandma next week
John said that he was going to visit his grandma the following week
John said that he will be going to visit his garndma the following week
John asked me, "What are you doing here?". It means ....
John said what are you doing here
John asked me what I am doing there?
John asked me what I was doing there
John asked me what I was doing here?
John asked me what I was doing there?
He said, "I like this song."
He said that I liked this song.
He said that he likes this song.
He said that he liked that song.
He said that he likes that song.
Indirect speech is also known as
Repeated speech
Repeated statements
Reported speech
Reported statements
Kuldip said "I was writing a letter yesterday."
Kuldip said that he had been writing a letter before that day.
Kuldip said that he was writing a letter the day before.
Kuldip said that he had written a letter before that day.
Kuldip said that he wrote a letter the day before.
Janci said, "I will read this book next week."
Janci said that she would read this book next week.
Janci said that she would read that book the week after.
Janci said that she will read this book next week.
Janci said that she would read that book next week.
Indirect speech is...
expresses what was said without using the exact words.
expresses what was said using the exact words.
where someone else expresses what was said.
where someone expresses their own words.
Convert the following sentence into indirect speech: The police man said to the boy, "Where do you live?"
"Where do you live?", the policeman asked the boy.
The policeman asked the boy where he lives.
When speaking to the boy, the policeman asked where do you live?
The policeman wanted to know where the boy lives.
Convert the followiing statement into direct speech: She asked the teacher when they could eat their snacks.
The teacher was asked when the girl could eat her snacks.
When can we eat our snacks?
"When can we eat our snacks? She asked"
She asked the teacher, "When can we eat our snacks?"
My father said to me, "You must work hard".
My father said to me that I must work hard.
My father said to me that you must work hard.
My father said to me that you have to work hard.
My father said to me that I had to work hard.
She said, "My parents are going to Karachi".
She said that my parents going to Karachi.
She said that my parents gone to Karachi.
She said that her parents were going to Karachi.
She said that her parents are going to Karachi.
Peter said, "Don't worry, I will fix it."
Peter told me don't worry and he will fix it.
Peter told me don't worry and that he would fix it.
Peter told me to not worry and that he would fix it.
Peter told me not to worry and that he would fix it.
She said, "I saw him."
She said who she had seen him.
She said she saw him.
She said that ahe had seen him.
She said, “I am going to London tomorrow.”
She said that she was going to go to London the next day.
She said that she is going to London the next day.
She said that she was going to London the next day.
The teacher asked me, “Do you like working in teams?
The teacher asked if I liked working in teams.
The teacher asked if I liked work in teams.
The teacher asked if I liked working in team.
"He works in a bank." she said
She said that he worked in a bank.
She said that he works in a bank.
She said that he work in a bar.
She say that he works in a bank.
"When did you go to the library?" James asked me
James asked me when he went to the library.
James asked me when I went to the library.
James asked me when went he to the library.
Change into direct speech:
Paul said to me that he had been sick the previous day.
Paul said to me," He was sick yesterday."
Paul said to me, "I was sick yesterday."
Paul said to me," I am sick today."
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After a tumultuous 2022 for technology investment and talent, the first half of 2023 has seen a resurgence of enthusiasm about technology’s potential to catalyze progress in business and society. Generative AI deserves much of the credit for ushering in this revival, but it stands as just one of many advances on the horizon that could drive sustainable, inclusive growth and solve complex global challenges.
To help executives track the latest developments, the McKinsey Technology Council has once again identified and interpreted the most significant technology trends unfolding today. While many trends are in the early stages of adoption and scale, executives can use this research to plan ahead by developing an understanding of potential use cases and pinpointing the critical skills needed as they hire or upskill talent to bring these opportunities to fruition.
Our analysis examines quantitative measures of interest, innovation, and investment to gauge the momentum of each trend. Recognizing the long-term nature and interdependence of these trends, we also delve into underlying technologies, uncertainties, and questions surrounding each trend. This year, we added an important new dimension for analysis—talent. We provide data on talent supply-and-demand dynamics for the roles of most relevance to each trend. (For more, please see the sidebar, “Research methodology.”)
All of last year’s 14 trends remain on our list, though some experienced accelerating momentum and investment, while others saw a downshift. One new trend, generative AI, made a loud entrance and has already shown potential for transformative business impact.
To assess the development of each technology trend, our team collected data on five tangible measures of activity: search engine queries, news publications, patents, research publications, and investment. For each measure, we used a defined set of data sources to find occurrences of keywords associated with each of the 15 trends, screened those occurrences for valid mentions of activity, and indexed the resulting numbers of mentions on a 0–1 scoring scale that is relative to the trends studied. The innovation score combines the patents and research scores; the interest score combines the news and search scores. (While we recognize that an interest score can be inflated by deliberate efforts to stimulate news and search activity, we believe that each score fairly reflects the extent of discussion and debate about a given trend.) Investment measures the flows of funding from the capital markets into companies linked with the trend. Data sources for the scores include the following:
In addition, we updated the selection and definition of trends from last year’s study to reflect the evolution of technology trends:
This new entrant represents the next frontier of AI. Building upon existing technologies such as applied AI and industrializing machine learning, generative AI has high potential and applicability across most industries. Interest in the topic (as gauged by news and internet searches) increased threefold from 2021 to 2022. As we recently wrote, generative AI and other foundational models change the AI game by taking assistive technology to a new level, reducing application development time, and bringing powerful capabilities to nontechnical users. Generative AI is poised to add as much as $4.4 trillion in economic value from a combination of specific use cases and more diffuse uses—such as assisting with email drafts—that increase productivity. Still, while generative AI can unlock significant value, firms should not underestimate the economic significance and the growth potential that underlying AI technologies and industrializing machine learning can bring to various industries.
Investment in most tech trends tightened year over year, but the potential for future growth remains high, as further indicated by the recent rebound in tech valuations. Indeed, absolute investments remained strong in 2022, at more than $1 trillion combined, indicating great faith in the value potential of these trends. Trust architectures and digital identity grew the most out of last year’s 14 trends, increasing by nearly 50 percent as security, privacy, and resilience become increasingly critical across industries. Investment in other trends—such as applied AI, advanced connectivity, and cloud and edge computing—declined, but that is likely due, at least in part, to their maturity. More mature technologies can be more sensitive to short-term budget dynamics than more nascent technologies with longer investment time horizons, such as climate and mobility technologies. Also, as some technologies become more profitable, they can often scale further with lower marginal investment. Given that these technologies have applications in most industries, we have little doubt that mainstream adoption will continue to grow.
Organizations shouldn’t focus too heavily on the trends that are garnering the most attention. By focusing on only the most hyped trends, they may miss out on the significant value potential of other technologies and hinder the chance for purposeful capability building. Instead, companies seeking longer-term growth should focus on a portfolio-oriented investment across the tech trends most important to their business. Technologies such as cloud and edge computing and the future of bioengineering have shown steady increases in innovation and continue to have expanded use cases across industries. In fact, more than 400 edge use cases across various industries have been identified, and edge computing is projected to win double-digit growth globally over the next five years. Additionally, nascent technologies, such as quantum, continue to evolve and show significant potential for value creation. Our updated analysis for 2023 shows that the four industries likely to see the earliest economic impact from quantum computing—automotive, chemicals, financial services, and life sciences—stand to potentially gain up to $1.3 trillion in value by 2035. By carefully assessing the evolving landscape and considering a balanced approach, businesses can capitalize on both established and emerging technologies to propel innovation and achieve sustainable growth.
We can’t overstate the importance of talent as a key source in developing a competitive edge. A lack of talent is a top issue constraining growth. There’s a wide gap between the demand for people with the skills needed to capture value from the tech trends and available talent: our survey of 3.5 million job postings in these tech trends found that many of the skills in greatest demand have less than half as many qualified practitioners per posting as the global average. Companies should be on top of the talent market, ready to respond to notable shifts and to deliver a strong value proposition to the technologists they hope to hire and retain. For instance, recent layoffs in the tech sector may present a silver lining for other industries that have struggled to win the attention of attractive candidates and retain senior tech talent. In addition, some of these technologies will accelerate the pace of workforce transformation. In the coming decade, 20 to 30 percent of the time that workers spend on the job could be transformed by automation technologies, leading to significant shifts in the skills required to be successful. And companies should continue to look at how they can adjust roles or upskill individuals to meet their tailored job requirements. Job postings in fields related to tech trends grew at a very healthy 15 percent between 2021 and 2022, even though global job postings overall decreased by 13 percent. Applied AI and next-generation software development together posted nearly one million jobs between 2018 and 2022. Next-generation software development saw the most significant growth in number of jobs (exhibit).
Image description:
Small multiples of 15 slope charts show the number of job postings in different fields related to tech trends from 2021 to 2022. Overall growth of all fields combined was about 400,000 jobs, with applied AI having the most job postings in 2022 and experiencing a 6% increase from 2021. Next-generation software development had the second-highest number of job postings in 2022 and had 29% growth from 2021. Other categories shown, from most job postings to least in 2022, are as follows: cloud and edge computing, trust architecture and digital identity, future of mobility, electrification and renewables, climate tech beyond electrification and renewables, advanced connectivity, immersive-reality technologies, industrializing machine learning, Web3, future of bioengineering, future of space technologies, generative AI, and quantum technologies.
End of image description.
This bright outlook for practitioners in most fields highlights the challenge facing employers who are struggling to find enough talent to keep up with their demands. The shortage of qualified talent has been a persistent limiting factor in the growth of many high-tech fields, including AI, quantum technologies, space technologies, and electrification and renewables. The talent crunch is particularly pronounced for trends such as cloud computing and industrializing machine learning, which are required across most industries. It’s also a major challenge in areas that employ highly specialized professionals, such as the future of mobility and quantum computing (see interactive).
Michael Chui is a McKinsey Global Institute partner in McKinsey’s Bay Area office, where Mena Issler is an associate partner, Roger Roberts is a partner, and Lareina Yee is a senior partner.
The authors wish to thank the following McKinsey colleagues for their contributions to this research: Bharat Bahl, Soumya Banerjee, Arjita Bhan, Tanmay Bhatnagar, Jim Boehm, Andreas Breiter, Tom Brennan, Ryan Brukardt, Kevin Buehler, Zina Cole, Santiago Comella-Dorda, Brian Constantine, Daniela Cuneo, Wendy Cyffka, Chris Daehnick, Ian De Bode, Andrea Del Miglio, Jonathan DePrizio, Ivan Dyakonov, Torgyn Erland, Robin Giesbrecht, Carlo Giovine, Liz Grennan, Ferry Grijpink, Harsh Gupta, Martin Harrysson, David Harvey, Kersten Heineke, Matt Higginson, Alharith Hussin, Tore Johnston, Philipp Kampshoff, Hamza Khan, Nayur Khan, Naomi Kim, Jesse Klempner, Kelly Kochanski, Matej Macak, Stephanie Madner, Aishwarya Mohapatra, Timo Möller, Matt Mrozek, Evan Nazareth, Peter Noteboom, Anna Orthofer, Katherine Ottenbreit, Eric Parsonnet, Mark Patel, Bruce Philp, Fabian Queder, Robin Riedel, Tanya Rodchenko, Lucy Shenton, Henning Soller, Naveen Srikakulam, Shivam Srivastava, Bhargs Srivathsan, Erika Stanzl, Brooke Stokes, Malin Strandell-Jansson, Daniel Wallance, Allen Weinberg, Olivia White, Martin Wrulich, Perez Yeptho, Matija Zesko, Felix Ziegler, and Delphine Zurkiya.
They also wish to thank the external members of the McKinsey Technology Council.
This interactive was designed, developed, and edited by McKinsey Global Publishing’s Nayomi Chibana, Victor Cuevas, Richard Johnson, Stephanie Jones, Stephen Landau, LaShon Malone, Kanika Punwani, Katie Shearer, Rick Tetzeli, Sneha Vats, and Jessica Wang.
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My mother said, "I get up early every morning.". The maths teacher said, "Three divided by three is one.". Mohit said, "Switzerland is a very beautiful country.". Ruben said, "It is very cold outside.". The teacher said, "The French Revolution took place in 1789.". Uma said, "I saw a Royal Bengal Tiger in the zoo.".
2. Change Of Pronouns. Direct Speech: Johnny said, 'I am playing.'. Indirect Speech: Johnny said that he was playing. First-person generally changes to third person {depending upon the subject of the reporting verb). 3. Change Of Tenses. Direct Speech. Indirect Speech.
Dialogue Reporting Practice Questions. Q. Read the conversation between a teacher and student and complete the passage that follows. (CBSE Set 2, 2022) Neha: I'm really looking forward to the class picnic tomorrow. Namita: Yes, after a long time we will be meeting our friends and teachers.
Change No. 1. Change the reporting verb 'said 'or 'said to'into' asked' or 'inquired of'. In case of a single question, change it into 'asked' but in case of more than one question, change it into "inquired of'. Change No. 2. Use conjunction 'if' or 'whether' if the reported speech starts with a helping verb.
Reported Speech is an essential linguistic tool from everyday conversations to formal writing. It is important to teach reported speech to Class 10 to give them a wider scope of the English Language and vocabulary. Reported Speech is effective in conveying the thoughts and ideas of others accurately and without causing any misrepresentation.
1. When the actual words are spoken are quoted, it is called Direct Speech. 2. When we report without quoting the exact words spoken it is called Indirect Speech. Ram said, "I am very busy now." (Direct). Ram said that he was very busy then. (Indirect) Note: In the Direct Speech, inverted commas are used to show the exact words of the speaker.
Formulae Handbook for Class 10 Maths and Science CBSE Class 10 English Grammar - Direct And Indirect Speech (Statements, Commands, Requests, and Questions) The words spoken by a person can be reported in two ways—Direct and Indirect. When we quote the exact words spoken by a person, we call it Direct Speech. Sohan said to […]
Direct and Indirect Speech Exercises for Class 10 with Answers - Download Free PDF With Solutions. In English, there are mainly two ways to express the spoken words between two individuals. They are direct speech and indirect or reported speech. These two types of speeches narrate the spoken words differently.
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The above practice worksheet for Reported Speech has been designed as per the current syllabus for Class 10 English released by CBSE. Students studying in Class 10 can easily download in Pdf format and practice the questions and answers given in the above practice worksheet for Class 10 English on a daily basis.
Explore numerous NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 10 English Grammar Reported Speech Pdf free download is available online for students. By taking help from MCQ Questions for Class 10 English with Answers during preparation, score maximum marks in the exam. Try maintaining a time limit while answering Reported Speech Class 10 MCQs Questions with Answers so that it would be useful in your actual ...
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There are example sentences to show how the language is used. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English will help you to write better answers in your Class 10 exams. Because the Solutions are solved by subject matter experts. Rules for Reported Speech While changing direct speech into reported speech or vice-versa the following changes occur: 1.
Assignment and Activities for CBSE Class 10 English Chapter: Reported Speech Reporting Speech: Listen to a conversation or a speech and write a report summarizing what was said. Dialogue Rewrite: Rewrite a dialogue in reported speech, making the necessary changes in verb tense, pronouns, and time expressions.
Reported Speech: In this article, you will be introduced to reported speech, its meaning and definition, how and when to use it. You can also check out the examples given for a much better understanding of reported speech. ... CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10; CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12; Lakhmir Singh Solutions ...
Complete the sentence by reporting the question and the reply correctly. ... Answer: Rahul asked why he had been absent the previous day to which Shyam replied that he had gone to meet his grandmother who had been ill for a while. 2. Rani is speaking to her hairdresser. ... Reported Speech Worksheet For Class 10 | Reporting Questions ;
Reported speech is used when someone says a sentence, like, "I'm going to the movie tonight". Later, we want to tell a 3rd person what the first person is doing. It works like this: We use a reporting verb i.e 'say' or 'tell'. In the present tense, just put in 'he says. Direct Speech: I like burgers.
Test papers and course material for CBSE, Class 10, English Language and Literature, Grammar - Reported speech are placed here. This course material is arranged subject-wise and topic-wise. ... Grammar - Reported speech. Learn. Previous Year Questions. Practice. CBSE Test Papers. Online Tests. Practice (Questions: 0/53) ...
Chapter doubts & questions for Reported Speech - English Grammar Advanced 2024 is part of Class 10 exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the Class 10 exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for Class 10 2024 Exam.
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Free Question Bank for 10th Class English Direct and Indirect Speech Direct and Indirect Speech. Customer Care : 6267349244. Toggle navigation 0 . 0 . Railways; UPSC; CET; Banking; CUET; SSC; CLAT; JEE Main & Advanced ... question_answer10) Select options correctly showing the change of voice in each given sentence; from active to passive or ...
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1. Multiple Choice. Direct Speech is.. the reporting of speech by using similar words to the speaker. the reporting of speech by rephrasing what the speaker said. the reporting of speech by repeating the exact words of the speaker. the reporting of speech at the exact time it was said. 2. Multiple Choice.
Our updated analysis for 2023 shows that the four industries likely to see the earliest economic impact from quantum computing—automotive, chemicals, financial services, and life sciences—stand to potentially gain up to $1.3 trillion in value by 2035. By carefully assessing the evolving landscape and considering a balanced approach ...