Abstract The potential impacts of climate change and environmental variability are already evident in most parts of the world, which is witnessing increasing temperature rates and prolonged flood or drought conditions that affect agriculture activities and nature-dependent livelihoods. This study was conducted in Mwanga District in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania to assess the nature and impacts of climate change and environmental variability on agriculture-dependent livelihoods and the adaptation strategies adopted by small-scale rural farmers. To attain its objective, the study employed a mixed methods approach in which both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used. The study shows that farmers are highly aware of their local environment and are conscious of the ways environmental changes affect their livelihoods. Farmers perceived that changes in climatic variables such as rainfall and temperature had occurred in their area over the period of three decades, and associated these changes with climate change and environmental variability. Farmers’ perceptions were confirmed by the evidence from rainfall and temperature data obtained from local and national weather stations, which showed that temperature and rainfall in the study area had become more variable over the past three decades. Farmers’ knowledge and perceptions of climate change vary depending on the location, age and gender of the respondents. The findings show that the farmers have limited understanding of the causes of climatic conditions and environmental variability, as some respondents associated climate change and environmental variability with social, cultural and religious factors. This study suggests that, despite the changing climatic conditions and environmental variability, farmers have developed and implemented a number of agriculture adaptation strategies that enable them to reduce their vulnerability to the changing conditions. The findings show that agriculture adaptation strategies employ both planned and autonomous adaptation strategies. However, the study shows that increasing drought conditions, rainfall variability, declining soil fertility and use of cheap farming technology are among the challenges that limit effective implementation of agriculture adaptation strategies. This study recommends further research on the varieties of drought-resilient crops, the development of small-scale irrigation schemes to reduce dependence on rain-fed agriculture, and the improvement of crop production in a given plot of land. In respect of the development of adaptation strategies, the study recommends the involvement of the local farmers and consideration of their knowledge and experience in the farming activities as well as the conditions of their local environment. Thus, the findings of this study may be helpful at various levels of decision making with regard to the development of climate change and environmental variability policies and strategies towards reducing farmers’ vulnerability to current and expected future changes.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD) |
Qualification Level: | Doctoral |
Additional Information: | Supported by the scholarship of the Science and Technology Higher Education Project (STHEP) from Dar es Salaam University College of Education (DUCE). |
Keywords: | Impacts of climate change, agriculture adaptation strategies, indigenous environmental farming knowledge. |
Subjects: | > > |
Colleges/Schools: | > |
Supervisor's Name: | John, Professor Briggs |
Date of Award: | 2016 |
Depositing User: | |
Unique ID: | glathesis:2016-7441 |
Copyright: | Copyright of this thesis is held by the author. |
Date Deposited: | 20 Jun 2016 08:16 |
Last Modified: | 14 Jul 2016 10:42 |
URI: | |
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Effects of nitrogen deposition and precipitation patterns on nitrogen allocation of mongolian pine ( pinus sylvestris var. mongolica ) on sandy land using 15 n isotope.
1. Introduction
2. materials and methods, 2.1. experimental materials, 2.2. experimental design, 2.3. measurement and calculation of indicators, 2.3.1. sample collection and dry weight measurement, 2.3.2. n content and 15 n abundance measurement, 2.3.3. calculation, 2.4. data processing, 3.1. impact of nitrogen deposition and precipitation patterns on 15 n abundance in mongolian pine, 3.1.1. changes in 15 n abundance in seedlings, 3.1.2. changes in soil 15 n abundance, 3.2. correlation and variance analysis of 15 n abundance in different organs and soil of mongolian pine seedlings under various treatments of nitrogen deposition and precipitation patterns, 3.2.1. correlation analysis, 3.2.2. analysis of variance, 3.3. effects of nitrogen deposition and changes in precipitation patterns on 15 n uptake by mongolian pine, 3.3.1. n dff (%) in different organs of mongolian pine seedlings and soil, 3.3.2. nitrogen content and 15 n absorption, 3.4. effects of nitrogen deposition and precipitation patterns on the 15 n distribution ratio in organs of mongolian pine, 4. discussion, 5. conclusions, author contributions, institutional review board statement, data availability statement, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest.
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Click here to enlarge figure
Month | Organs | Treatments |
---|
WCNC | WINC | WDNC | WCNL | WINL | WDNL | WCNH | WINH | WDNH |
---|
August | Root | 0.03 ± 0.00 A c | 0.03 ± 0.00 A c | 0.05 ± 0.00 A c | 2.89 ± 0.01 B b | 4.19 ± 0.03 A b | 2.37 ± 0.00 C b | 2.78 ± 0.01 C a | 5.53 ± 0.11 A a | 3.97 ± 0.04 B a |
Stem | 0.08 ± 0.01 A c | 0.05 ± 0.00 A c | 0.07 ± 0.01 A c | 4.11 ± 0.02 B b | 4.45 ± 0.03 A b | 2.93 ± 0.06 C b | 4.02 ± 0.06 C a | 6.56 ± 0.04 A a | 5.08 ± 0.02 B b |
Leaf | 0.02 ± 0.00 A c | 0.07 ± 0.00 A c | 0.02 ± 0.02 A c | 3.45 ± 0.01 B b | 3.61 ± 0.01 A b | 2.46 ± 0.03 C b | 3.83 ± 0.04 C a | 6.70 ± 0.04 A a | 5.04 ± 0.22 B a |
October | Root | 0.28 ± 0.01 A c | 0.21 ± 0.01 A c | 0.29 ± 0.01 A c | 4.71 ± 0.04 B b | 5.49 ± 0.06 A b | 3.72 ± 0.00 C b | 5.16 ± 0.02 B a | 7.93 ± 0.12 A a | 3.59 ± 0.18 C a |
Stem | 0.20 ± 0.02 A c | 0.21 ± 0.00 A c | 0.25 ± 0.00 A c | 4.88 ± 0.01 B b | 5.58 ± 0.03 A b | 3.89 ± 0.02 C b | 5.82 ± 0.07 B a | 7.59 ± 0.06 A a | 3.78 ± 0.08 C a |
Leaf | 0.03 ± 0.00 A c | 0.05 ± 0.00 A c | 0.09 ± 0.00 A c | 4.30 ± 0.13 B b | 5.53 ± 0.01 A b | 3.57 ± 0.07 C a | 5.20 ± 0.01 B a | 8.13 ± 0.01 A a | 3.55 ± 0.03 C a |
| M | W | N | M × W | M × N | W × N | M × W × N |
---|
Root | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Stem | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Leaf | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Soil | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Month | Treatments | Nitrogen Content in Organs (mg/plant) | N Absorption in Organs (mg/plant) |
---|
Root | Stem | Leaf | Root | Stem | Leaf |
---|
August | WCNL | 3.33 ± 0.76 A a | 3.93 ± 0.59 B a | 16.99 ± 4.48 A a | 0.86 ± 0.20 B a | 1.50 ± 0.23 B a | 5.35 ± 1.41 A a |
WINL | 2.98 ± 0.53 A a | 5.23 ± 1.23 A b | 19.45 ± 4.15 A a | 1.17 ± 0.21 A a | 2.18 ± 0.51 A b | 6.45 ± 1.38 A b |
WDNL | 2.38 ± 1.26 A a | 2.92 ± 1.14 B a | 10.37 ± 3.28 B b | 0.49 ± 0.26 C b | 0.77 ± 0.30 C b | 2.23 ± 0.70 B b |
WCNH | 2.73 ± 1.10 A a | 3.91 ± 1.25 B a | 13.84 ± 2.88 B a | 0.67 ± 0.27 B a | 1.46 ± 0.47 B a | 4.91 ± 1.02 C a |
WINH | 2.76 ± 0.60 A a | 7.18 ± 1.26 A a | 21.86 ± 4.44 A a | 1.46 ± 0.32 A a | 4.55 ± 0.79 A a | 14.17 ± 2.88 A a |
WDNH | 2.74 ± 1.12 A a | 3.34 ± 0.70 B a | 20.08 ± 5.91 A a | 1.01 ± 0.41 B a | 1.61 ± 0.34 B a | 9.61 ± 2.83 B a |
October | WCNL | 5.35 ± 1.89 A a | 7.40 ± 3.01 A a | 30.39 ± 4.14 A a | 2.38 ± 0.84 AB a | 2.73 ± 1.11 A a | 11.2 ± 1.52 A a |
WINL | 5.18 ± 3.56 A a | 5.14 ± 2.31 AB a | 25.97 ± 12.87 A a | 2.72 ± 1.87 A a | 2.74 ± 1.23 A b | 13.73 ± 6.80 A a |
WDNL | 2.51 ± 1.36 A a | 4.34 ± 0.70 B a | 13.19 ± 4.04 B a | 0.86 ± 0.47 B a | 1.56 ± 0.25 A a | 4.32 ± 1.32 B a |
WCNH | 2.14 ± 1.15 B b | 5.57 ± 0.46 A a | 14.43 ± 3.86 B b | 1.05 ± 0.56 B b | 3.11 ± 0.26 B a | 7.13 ± 1.91 B b |
WINH | 8.83 ± 6.63 A a | 7.72 ± 3.11 A a | 27.65 ± 9.65 A a | 6.84 ± 5.13 A a | 5.70 ± 2.30 A a | 21.96 ± 7.66 A a |
WDNH | 4.00 ± 3.02 AB a | 5.19 ± 1.70 A a | 17.38 ± 7.45 B a | 1.32 ± 1.00 B a | 1.81 ± 0.59 B a | 5.66 ± 2.42 B a |
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Zhao, T.; Cheng, S.; Gang, Q.; Zhuang, Y.; Zhu, X. Effects of Nitrogen Deposition and Precipitation Patterns on Nitrogen Allocation of Mongolian Pine ( Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica ) on Sandy Land Using 15 N Isotope. Agriculture 2024 , 14 , 1367. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081367
Zhao T, Cheng S, Gang Q, Zhuang Y, Zhu X. Effects of Nitrogen Deposition and Precipitation Patterns on Nitrogen Allocation of Mongolian Pine ( Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica ) on Sandy Land Using 15 N Isotope. Agriculture . 2024; 14(8):1367. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081367
Zhao, Tianhong, Shihao Cheng, Qun Gang, Yonghui Zhuang, and Xianjin Zhu. 2024. "Effects of Nitrogen Deposition and Precipitation Patterns on Nitrogen Allocation of Mongolian Pine ( Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica ) on Sandy Land Using 15 N Isotope" Agriculture 14, no. 8: 1367. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081367
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Paper Highlights How Climate Change Challenges, Transforms Agriculture
As the climate continues to change, the risks to farming are only going to increase.
That's the key takeaway from a recent paper published by a team that included UC Merced researchers. The paper dives into what those challenges are, how farmers are working to address them and what should come next.
"Climate Smart Agriculture: Assessing Needs and Perceptions of California's Farmers" was first authored by Samuel Ikendi, academic coordinator, with engineering research Professor Tapan Pathak as a corresponding author. Pathak is also a project director of National Institute of Food and Agriculture-funded project "Multifaceted Pathways to Climate-Smart Agriculture through Participator Program Development and Delivery," which supported this study. The study appeared in the open access journal Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems .
The needs assessment was designed to understand farmers' perceptions and experiences with climate change exposures; the risk management practices they currently use; and what tools and resources would assist them in making strategic decisions.
Of the farmers surveyed, roughly two-thirds agree climate change is occurring and requires action. Even more said they are interested in learning more about the impacts of climate change on the agricultural industry. Most respondents said they experience greater climate change impacts on their farms today compared with 10 years ago.
Farmers were very concerned with water-related issues, with those in the San Joaquin Valley, Central Coast and Inland Empire areas particularly worried about a reduction in the availability of groundwater. Increased drought severity was a very significant concern among farmers in the Inland Empire, Central Coast and Southern regions. Farmers in the North Coast and Southern regions were concerned about increased damage to crops due to wildfire.
Closely related were temperature-related issues, including crop damage due to extreme heat.
Those who farm vegetables were more concerned about water availability for irrigation, while fruit farmers were more concerned about increased crop/water stress and increased crop damage due to extreme heat.
Many respondents said they are implementing climate adaption practices including managing water resources, maintaining soil health and making more use of renewable energy sources. They are seeking insurance and government help to pay for these adaptations and increase their agricultural resilience, the researchers wrote.
The farmers expressed interest in learning more about measures they might take to mitigate climate change. But they cited significant barriers to this work, including government regulations, high implementation cost, labor access/cost, access to water and the availability of money to pay for it.
"Climate change is significantly altering California's highly diverse agricultural landscape, posing challenges such as increased water stress, heat stress, and shifting growing seasons," Pathak said. "Climate-smart agriculture practices can alleviate some of those stresses."
But, he said, research and UC Extension efforts only have value if they lead to enhanced climate-informed decision-making at the local level.
"Assessing their level of knowledge, perception and needs will help in tailoring research and extension activities that are most relevant to farmers on the ground," Pathak said. "Results from this study could also provide important policy insights on financial incentives and technical assistance."
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Title: | Impact of climate change and agricultural production in Kerala |
Researcher: | Joby, Jose |
Guide(s): | |
Keywords: | Agriculture Climate change Economics Kerala studies |
University: | Mahatma Gandhi University |
Completed Date: | 13/3/2017 |
Abstract: | newline |
Pagination: | Xv, 211p. |
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FIGURE 1 Integrated assessment model
FIGURE 2 Likely carbon emissions, years 2000-2100
FIGURE 3 Predicted global temperature changes, years 2000-2100
Latin America
Eastern Europe includes the former Soviet Union.
TABLE 2 Cross-sectional results for Brazil
-47 300 (6.62)
Winter Temp
-12 000 (13.12)
Spring Temp
16 300 (14.82)
Summer Temp
-19 400 (11.19)
-309 (15.53)
10 100 (5.95
715 (11.10)
Winter Temp Squared
1 490 (12.05)
Winter Precip Squared
-0.1 (0.52)
Spring Temp Squared
-3 690 (31.99)
Spring Precip Squared
-5.1 (15.11)
Summer Temp Squared
Summer Precip Squared
Fall Temp Squared
Fall Precip Squared
-0.3 (3.67)
-2 600 (1.41)
-6 200 (1.62)
14 700 (7.53)
-45 000 (8.78)
-42 500 (14.50)
Dependent variable is pooled land values. T-statistics are in parentheses. Source: Sanghi and Mendelsohn, 1999.
TABLE 3 Cross-sectional results for India
4 660 (8.92)
-133 (3.38)
18.5 (6.11)
-372 (16.71)
-14.4 (8.00)
-103 (2.84)
-0.4 (2.11)
-39.3 (11.40)
-0.16 (1.57)
-80.3 (12.48)
0.28 (10.58)
35.0 (4.62)
0.01 (3.89)
-68.1 (6.77)
-0.04 (7.34)
Winter Temp x Precip
-3.62 (4.57)
-0.21 (1.97)
Spring Temp x Precip
8.21 (11.59)
3.01 (5.83)
-153 (4.39)
Cultivators
28 680 (8.98)
Pop. density
-174 (7.83)
Dependent variable is pooled net revenues. T-statistics are in parentheses. A set of dummy variables for each year is also included but not shown. Source: Sanghi and Mendelsohn, 1999.
TABLE 4 Agro-economic results: change in yields
Wheat Maize
Wheat Rice Maize
United States
Source: Reilly et al ., 1996.
TABLE 5 Ricardian results: percent reduction in net income
These estimates do not include carbon fertilization, which is expected to add 30% to crop productivity. Climate scenario assumes a 7% increase in precipitation.
TABLE 6 Agricultural impacts (000 million US$)
Negative numbers imply damages and positive numbers imply benefits. Effects are annual impacts in the year 2100. CO2 is assumed to be 700, 900, and 1000 ppmv in the three respective scenarios. Eastern Europe includes the former Soviet Union. Global agricultural GDP in 2100 is assumed to be 4759 000 million dollars.
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Can Dirt Clean the Climate?
An Australian start-up is hoping fungi can pull carbon dioxide from the air and stash it underground. It’s one of several ventures trying to deploy the superpowers of soil to slow global warming.
Supported by
By Somini Sengupta
Photographs and Video by Matthew Abbott
Somini Sengupta traveled to farms around New South Wales, Australia, to report this article.
- Published Aug. 10, 2024 Updated Aug. 13, 2024
Across 100,000 acres in the vast agricultural heartland of Australia, an unusual approach is taking root to slow down the wrecking ball of climate change. Farmers are trying to tap the superpowers of tiny subterranean tendrils of fungus to pull carbon dioxide out of the air and stash it underground.
It’s part of a big bet that entrepreneurs and investors around the world are making on whether dirt can clean up climate pollution. They are using a variety of technologies on farmland not just to grow food but to also eat the excess carbon dioxide produced by more than a century of fossil fuel burning and intensive agriculture.
Why fungus? Because fungi act as nature’s carbon traders. As they sow their crops, farmers are adding a pulverized dust of fungal spores. The fungus latches on to the crop roots, takes carbon that is absorbed by the plants from the air and locks it away in subterranean storage in a form that may keep it underground for much longer than the natural carbon cycle.
The fungal venture, the handiwork of an Australian company called Loam Bio, is among several start-ups to have mobilized hundreds of millions of dollars in investments in efforts to use soil to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Like Loam Bio, companies like Andes and Groundworks Bio Ag are also experimenting with microbes. Lithos and Mati offer farmers crushed volcanic rocks that absorb carbon to sprinkle on their fields. Silicate Carbon is milling leftover concrete into a fine powder, while several companies are scorching crop waste into charcoal.
The appeal of the Australian start-up is that it doesn’t demand too much of farmers.
“Pretty simple,” is how a fifth-generation Australian farmer named Stuart McDonald described his experience as he sowed a dusting of fungal spores with his wheat and canola seeds on his farm near Canowindra this year. “It’s not asking us to change too much. It’s not a big capital outlay.”
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1.1.1 Climate Change and Agriculture. Large-scale changes in weather patterns are intensifying with global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) sixth assessment report, titled "Climate Change 2021: the Basis of Natural Science", published in 2021 and highlights that the climate has experienced unprecedented warming by human activities (Wang et al. 2023).
Table 2.1 summarizes the main drivers and mechanisms of climate impact on cropping systems, which were reviewed by Bongaarts (1994), Rosenzweig et al. (2001), Boote et al. (2010), Kimball (2010), and Porter et al. (2014). Notably, direct climate impacts include both damage and benefits as well as opportunities for farm-level adaptations.
Introduction. Asia is the most populous subcontinent in the world (UNO, 2015), comprising 4.5 billion people—about 60% of the total world population.Almost 70% of the total population lives in rural areas and 75% of the rural population are poor and most at risk due to climate change, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions (Yadav and Lal, 2018; Population of Asia, 2019).
The impact of climate change on agricultural practices is raising question marks on future food security of billions of people in tropical and subtropical regions. Recently introduced, climate-smart agriculture (CSA) techniques encourage the practices of sustainable agriculture, increasing adaptive capacity and resilience to shocks at multiple levels. However, it is extremely difficult to ...
However, the linkage between climate and agriculture production is still unknown amongst the local people from the rural areas of Nepal. Thus, this study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the climatic variability using observed climate data as well as people's perceptions of the impact of climate change on agricultural production.
Attavanich W (2011) Essays on the effect of climate change on agriculture and agricultural transportation. Ph.D. dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX ... Jithitikulchai T (2023) The impact of Climate Change and Agricultural diversification on the total value of Agricultural output of farm households in Sub-saharan Africa. Afr ...
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1.1 Introduction to the Kyoto Protocol. 1.2 Clean Development Mechanism: Market Size and the Role of the Agriculture Sector. 1.3 Emerging Issues in the Implementation of the CDM. 2. THE KYOTO PROTOCOL, AGRICULTURE SECTOR. AND OTHER UN CONVENTIONS. 2.1 The Kyoto Protocol and the Agriculture Sector. 2.2 The KP and other UN Conventions.
Climate change has emerged as one of the most significant challenges in modern agriculture, with potential implications for global food security. The impact of changing climatic conditions on crop yield, particularly for staple crops like wheat, has raised concerns about future food production. By integrating historical climate data, GCM (CMIP3) projections, and wheat-yield records, our ...
Monitoring and estimating spatially resolved changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are necessary for supporting national and international policies aimed at assisting land degradation neutrality and climate change mitigation, improving soil fertility and food production, maintaining water quality, and enhancing renewable energy and ecosystem services. In this work, we report on the ...
Climate change will alter the production distribution and structure of Chinese agriculture. Global warming will bring about a rise in the average annual temperature of China, the rise in suitable temperature for agriculture, and the extension of growth period, shifting the cultivation areas far north.
Abstract The potential impacts of climate change and environmental variability are already evident in most parts of the world, which is witnessing increasing temperature rates and prolonged flood or drought conditions that affect agriculture activities and nature-dependent livelihoods. ... Printed Thesis Information: https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac ...
In the context of global climate change, atmospheric nitrogen deposition is increasing, and precipitation patterns are becoming more variable. This study examines the impact of these changes on nitrogen (N) allocation mechanisms in semi-arid region tree species using one-year-old Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) seedlings. The seedlings were planted in soil collected from the ...
Climate Change Series. v. Foreword. Climate change is widely agreed to be already a reality, and its adverse impacts on the vulnerability of poor communities are superimposed on existing vulnerabilities. Climate change will further reduce access to drinking water, negatively affect the health of poor people, and will pose a real threat to food
Rickards and Howden (2012) indicated that the change in land use and/or occupation is mainly intended to dipping the vulnerability of the adapters by moving to a mode of operation which is less climate-sensitive. In contrast, spatial transfer or displacement seeks to reduce adapters' exposure by looking for a new area that would be more suitable to resume their original occupation.
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Climate change is causing serious challenges for smallholder farm households, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The overarching objectives of this study are as follows: (i) to estimate household resilience and vulnerability indices, (ii) identify factors that explain these indices and (iii) to examine the impact of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) on households' resilience and vulnerability ...
1.1 Background. The earth's climate system has changed from the pre-industrial era to the present both globally and regionally due to natural phenomena and anthropogenic activities (Topcu et al., 2010). Increased atmospheric concentrations of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) such as Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Methane (CH4) have altered the climate ...
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION (IGNOU), DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE ... 2.5 Climate change and Agriculture _____ 22 2.6 Ethiopian agriculture _____ 23 ...
agriculture to climate change: Developing promising strategies using analogue locations in Eastern and Southern Africa' (CALESA, Climate Analogue Locations in Eastern and Southern Africa). The study aimed to address 'agricultural adaptation ... This thesis has eight main chapters. The first chapter reviews literature on factors
This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an MSc degree at the Haramaya University. ... In addition to the above, climate change and agriculture are interrelated in a way that climate change has direct positive or negative effects on agriculture through changes in temperature and
climate change research. The question of how to address the impacts from climate ... With my background in agricultural economics, the thesis is the result of a blend of economics and the study of humans interface with nature. This is exposed in the different forms and approaches that the papers presented in the thesis take.
There are many studies that have investigated the impacts of climate change on agriculture and possible adaption measures using different models globally. Parry et al. 2004 have studied the different impact of climate change on crop yields, production, and risk of hunger with expected losses of up to 30 percent in ...
The thesis studies the potential economic impacts of climate change on agricultural production and estimates to what extent adaptations can help to offset the potential damages of climate change on agricultural profits. The thesis consists of three journal-style articles. Chapter 1 is the introduction.
e two climate scenarios decreased precipitation for theregion. Based on A2 scenario. between 1% an. 20% and to decrease for the other months between-1% and -20%. The B2 sc. nd Augu. t and a greater decrease in precipitation for the othermonths. The effects of these climate scenarios on the water reso.
MA THESIS ABIYAN ANEBO ANJARO DECEMBER 2020 HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY, HARAMAYA . ii ... 2.1. The Concept of Climate Smart Agriculture 7 2.2. Climate Change and Ethiopian Agriculture 9 2.3. Extent and Cause of Soil Degradation in Ethiopian Highlands 10 2.4. A Blend of Improved Agricultural Technologies to Adopt CSA 11
Even more said they are interested in learning more about the impacts of climate change on the agricultural industry. Most respondents said they experience greater climate change impacts on their farms today compared with 10 years ago. Farmers were very concerned with water-related issues, with those in the San Joaquin Valley, Central Coast and ...
The Shodhganga@INFLIBNET Centre provides a platform for research students to deposit their Ph.D. theses and make it available to the entire scholarly community in open access. Shodhganga@INFLIBNET. Mahatma Gandhi University. Sree Sankara College.
Agriculture also affects the storage of carbon in the soils. Second, some agricultural practices have led to the direct release of greenhouse gases, specifically methane and nitrogen emissions. Third, agriculture is affected by climate change and so is an important part of impacts.
Australia's climate targets mean agriculture must change. Its government has set out to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 43 percent by 2030, compared with 1990 levels. Agriculture ...