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Class 10 Science Assignments

We have provided below free printable Class 10 Science Assignments for Download in PDF. The Assignments have been designed based on the latest NCERT Book for Class 10 Science . These Assignments for Grade 10 Science cover all important topics which can come in your standard 10 tests and examinations. Free printable Assignments for CBSE Class 10 Science , school and class assignments, and practice test papers have been designed by our highly experienced class 10 faculty. You can free download CBSE NCERT printable Assignments for Science Class 10 with solutions and answers. All Assignments and test sheets have been prepared by expert teachers as per the latest Syllabus in Science Class 10. Students can click on the links below and download all Pdf Assignments for Science class 10 for free. All latest Kendriya Vidyalaya Class 10 Science Assignments with Answers and test papers are given below.

Science Class 10 Assignments Pdf Download

We have provided below the biggest collection of free CBSE NCERT KVS Assignments for Class 10 Science . Students and teachers can download and save all free Science assignments in Pdf for grade 10th. Our expert faculty have covered Class 10 important questions and answers for Science as per the latest syllabus for the current academic year. All test papers and question banks for Class 10 Science and CBSE Assignments for Science Class 10 will be really helpful for standard 10th students to prepare for the class tests and school examinations. Class 10th students can easily free download in Pdf all printable practice worksheets given below.

Topicwise Assignments for Class 10 Science Download in Pdf

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Frequently Asked Questions by Class 10 Science students

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We provide here Standard 10 Science chapter-wise assignments which can be easily downloaded in Pdf format for free.

You can click on the links above and get assignments for Science in Grade 10, all topic-wise question banks with solutions have been provided here. You can click on the links to download in Pdf.

We have provided here topic-wise Science Grade 10 question banks, revision notes and questions for all difficult topics, and other study material.

We have provided the best collection of question bank and practice tests for Class 10 for all subjects. You can download them all and use them offline without the internet.

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CBSE Class 10 Biology – Study Notes Chapter Wise

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CBSE Class 10  Biology Study Materials All Chapters

• Life Process

Control and Coordination

How do organism reproduce, heredity and evolution, management of natural resources, cbse class 10 biology syllabus, life processes.

• What are life processes
• Nutrition in human beings
• Respiration
• Transportation
• Excretion in plants
• Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in
• plants and animals
• Animals: Nervous system
• Human brain
• Coordination in plants: immediate response to stimuli
• Plant hormones
• Hormones in animals
• Do organisms create exact copies of themselves
• Modes of reproduction used by single organism
• Asexual reproduction
• Sexual reproduction
• Reproduction in human beings
• Reproductive health
• Accumulation of variation during reproduction
• Determination of sex
• Law of inheritance: Mendel’s contribution
• Evolution and classification
• Evolution vs progress
• Save the Environment from Environmental Pollution – Reuse
• Save the Environment from Environmental Pollution – Reduce
• Save the Environment from Environmental Pollution – Recycle
• Why do we need to manage our natural resources
• Forest and wildlife
• Sustainable management
• Water for all : dam
• Water harvesting
• Coal and petroleum
• An overview of natural resource management

Best Reference Books CBSE Class 10 For Science: –  Biology

• Science for 10th Class: Biology  by Lakhmir Singh and Manjit Kaur

Chemistry: CBSE Class 10 Biology, Notes ,Test Papers, Sample Papers, NCERT, NCERT Exemplar and Lakhmir Singh Solution and Help from Ex- IITian for Biology

Ncert solutions for class 10 biology.

Get 100 percent accurate NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Biology    explained by expert Chemistry teachers. We provide step by step solutions for the questions given in Class 10 Biology  textbook as per CBSE Board guidelines from the latest NCERT book for Class 10 Biology  .

CBSE Class 10 Chemistry  Notes

Get Notes prepared by Ex-IITIan for CBSE Class 10  Biology

Lakhmir Singh Biology  Class 10 Solutions

Lakhmir Singh Solutions for Class 10 Biology  are provided here with simple step-by-step explanations. These solutions for  are extremely popular among class 10 students for Biology  . Solutions come handy for quickly completing your homework and preparing for exams. All questions and answers from the Lakhmir Singh Book of class 10 Biology  are provided here for . I will help you online for any doubt / clarification.

CBSE Class 10 Biology Assignments

Chapter wise assignments are being given by teachers to students to make them understand the chapter concepts. Its extremely critical for all CBSE students to practice all assignments which will help them in gaining better marks in examinations. All assignments available for free download on the website are developed by the best teachers having many years of teaching experience in CBSE schools all over the country. Students, teachers and parents are advised to contact me online incase of any doubt / clarification.

Past Many Years Question Biology Class 10 Solutions

Past Many Years Question Papers Solutions for Class 10 Biology  are provided here with simple step-by-step explanations. These solutions for are extremely popular among class 10 students for Biology . Solutions come handy for quickly completing your homework and preparing for exams. All questions and answers from the Past Many Years Question Papers Book of class 10 Biology  are provided here for . I will help you online for any doubt / clarification.

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CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology

CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology: One of the best teaching strategies employed in most classrooms today is Worksheets. CBSE Class 10 Biology Worksheet for students has been used by teachers & students to develop logical, lingual, analytical, and problem-solving capabilities. So in order to help you with that, we at WorksheetsBuddy have come up with Kendriya Vidyalaya Class 10 Biology Worksheets for the students of Class 10. All our CBSE NCERT Class 10 Biology practice worksheets are designed for helping students to understand various topics, practice skills and improve their subject knowledge which in turn helps students to improve their academic performance. These chapter wise test papers for Class 10 Biology will be useful to test your conceptual understanding.

Board: Central Board of Secondary Education(www.cbse.nic.in) Subject: Class 10 Biology Number of Worksheets: 31

CBSE Class 10 Biology Worksheets PDF

All the CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology provided in this page are provided for free which can be downloaded by students, teachers as well as by parents. We have covered all the Class 10 Biology important questions and answers in the worksheets which are included in CBSE NCERT Syllabus. Just click on the following link and download the CBSE Class 10 Biology Worksheet. CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology can also use like assignments for Class 10 Biology students.

• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Control And Co-Ordination Assignment 1
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Control And Co-Ordination Assignment 2
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Control And Co-Ordination Assignment 3
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Heredity And Evolution Assignment 1
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Heredity And Evolution Assignment 2
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Heredity Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology How Do Organisms Reproduce Assignment 1
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology How Do Organisms Reproduce Assignment 2
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Life Process Assignment 1
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Life Process Assignment 2
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Life Procees Assignment 3
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Management Of Natural Resources Assignment 1
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Management Of Natural Resources Assignment 2
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Transportation In Human Beings Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Digestion and Absorbtion Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Project Assignment
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Assignment 1
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Assignment 2
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Assignment 3
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Assignment 4
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Assignment 5
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Assignment 6
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Assignment 7
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Assignment 8
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Assignment 9
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Assignment 10
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Assignment 11
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Assignment 12
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Assignment 13
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Assignment 14
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Assignment 15
• CBSE Worksheets for Class 10 Biology Assignment 16

Advantages of CBSE Class 10 Biology Worksheets

• By practising NCERT CBSE Class 10 Biology Worksheet , students can improve their problem solving skills.
• Helps to develop the subject knowledge in a simple, fun and interactive way.
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• Helps students to promote hands-on learning.
• One of the helpful resources used in classroom revision.
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Worksheets of CBSE Class 10 Biology are devised by experts of WorksheetsBuddy experts who have great experience and expertise in teaching Maths. So practising these worksheets will promote students problem-solving skills and subject knowledge in an interactive method. Students can also download CBSE Class 10 Biology Chapter wise question bank pdf and access it anytime, anywhere for free. Browse further to download free CBSE Class 10 Biology Worksheets PDF .

Now that you are provided all the necessary information regarding CBSE Class 10 Biology Worksheet and we hope this detailed article is helpful. So Students who are preparing for the exams must need to have great solving skills. And in order to have these skills, one must practice enough of Class 10 Biology revision worksheets . And more importantly, students should need to follow through the worksheets after completing their syllabus.  Working on CBSE Class 10 Biology Worksheets will be a great help to secure good marks in the examination. So start working on Class 10 Biology Worksheets to secure good score.

CBSE Worksheets For Class 10

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Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce Study Notes

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Assignments For Class 10 Biology

Assignments for Class 10 Biology have been developed for Standard 10 students based on the latest syllabus and textbooks applicable in CBSE, NCERT and KVS schools. Parents and students can download the full collection of class assignments for class 10 Biology from our website as we have provided all topic wise assignments free in PDF format which can be downloaded easily. Students are recommended to do these assignments daily by taking printouts and going through the questions and answers for Grade 10 Biology. You should try to do these test assignments on a daily basis so that you are able to understand the concepts and details of each chapter in your Biology book and get good marks in class 10 exams.

Assignments for Class 10 Biology as per CBSE NCERT pattern

All students studying in Grade 10 Biology should download the assignments provided here and use them for their daily routine practice. This will help them to get better grades in Biology exam for standard 10. We have made sure that all topics given in your textbook for Biology which is suggested in Class 10 have been covered ad we have made assignments and test papers for all topics which your teacher has been teaching in your class. All chapter wise assignments have been made by our teachers after full research of each important topic in the textbooks so that you have enough questions and their solutions to help them practice so that they are able to get full practice and understanding of all important topics. Our teachers at https://www.assignmentsbag.com have made sure that all test papers have been designed as per CBSE, NCERT and KVS syllabus and examination pattern. These question banks have been recommended in various schools and have supported many students to practice and further enhance their scores in school and have also assisted them to appear in other school level tests and examinations. Its easy to take print of thee assignments as all are available in PDF format.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes

August 16, 2020 by Sastry CBSE

NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes:  In this article, you will find all the necessary information regarding  NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes.  Students who are planning to build their career stream in the field of medicine can refer to this article as biology plays a major role in the medical field. Candidates having strong command over life processes class 10 NCERT solutions will be able to easily crack the competitive exams like NEET, AIIMS, JIPMER, etc.,

Did you check the Life Process Important Questions which were given in the previous Board Papers?

In this article, we have covered all the important topics in the exercises and each answer comes with a detailed explanation to help the class 10 students to understand concepts better. Read on to find out everything about NCERT class 10 science book activities solutions chapter 6.

Before getting into the details of NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes, let’s have an overview of topics and subtopics under  class 10 science chapter 6 activities solutions:

• Life Processes
• What Are Life Processes?
• Respiration
• Transportation

Free download NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes PDF in Hindi Medium as well as in English Medium for CBSE, Uttarakhand, Bihar, MP Board, Gujarat Board, and UP Board students, who are using NCERT Books based on updated CBSE Syllabus for the session 2019-20.

• जैव-प्रक्रम कक्षा 10 विज्ञान हिंदी में
• Life Processes Class 10 Notes
• Life Processes NCERT Exemplar Solutions
• Life Processes Class 10 Extra Questions
• Class 10 Life Processes Mind Map

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Intext Questions

Page Number: 95

Question 1 Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multicellular organisms like humans ? Answer: In multicellular organisms like humans, all the body cells are not in direct contact with the surrounding environment. Therefore, every cell of the body will not get oxygen as per need by the process of diffusion from the environment. Therefore diffusion is insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multicellular organisms.

Question 2 What criteria do we use to decide whether something is alive ? Answer: The main criteria used to decide whether something is alive are breathing and respiration. However, living beings also show growth and movement.

Question 3 What are outside raw materials used by an organism ? Answer: Any organism uses organic molecules as raw material. Heteroptrophs use food and autotrophs use carbon dioxide, minerals, water and all organisms use oxygen (for respiration) as raw materials.

Question 4 What processes would you consider essential for maintaining life ? Answer: Processes essential for maintaining life are : (i) Nutrition (ii) Respiration (iii) Transportation (iv) Excretion

Page Number: 101

Question 1 What are the differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition ? Answer:

Question 2 Where do plants get each of the raw materials required for photosynthesis ? Answer: (i) Carbon dioxide : Plants get carbon dioxide from the environment/atmosphere through stomata. (ii) Water : Plants absorb water from the soil through roots and transport to leaves. (iii) Sunlight : Plants get sunlight from the sun. (iv) Chlorophyll : It is present in chloroplast found in green leaves and green parts of plants.

Question 3 What is the role of the acid in our stomach ? Answer: Role of acid in our stomach is : (i) To make acidic medium which is necessary for the activation of the enzyme pepsin. (ii) To kill bacteria which the food may contain.

Question 4 What is the function of digestive enzymes ? Answer: The food we eat is complex in nature, i.e., it contains complex molecules. Digestive enzymes break down these complex molecules into smaller simpler molecules so that they can be absorbed by the walls of the intestine.

Question 5 How is the small intestine designed to absorb digested food ? Answer: The small intestine is designed to provide maximum area for absorption of digested food and its transfer into the blood for its circulation into the body. For this the inner lining of the small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called villi. The villi are richly supplied with blood vessels which take the absorbed food to each and every cell of the body.

Page Number: 105

Question 1 What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have with regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration ? Answer: Aquatic organisms use oxygen dissolved in surrounding water. Since air dissolved in water has fairly low concentration of oxygen, the aquatic organisms have much faster rate of breathing. Terrestrial organisms take oxygen from the oxygen-rich atmosphere through respiratory organs. Hence, they have much less breathing rate than aquatic organisms.

Question 2 What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidised to provide energy in various organisms ? Answer: First step of breakdown of glucose (6 carbon molecules) takes place in the cytoplasm of cells of all organisms. This process yields a three carbon molecule compound called pyruvate. Further break down of pyruvate takes place in different ways in different organisms.

Question 3 How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings ? Answer: (i) Transport of oxygen : Haemoglobin present in the blood takes up the oxygen from the air in the lungs. It carries the oxygen to tissues which are deficient in oxygen before releasing it. (ii) Transport of carbon dioxide : Carbon dioxide is more soluble in water. Therefore, it is mostly transported from body tissues in the dissolved form in our blood plasma to lungs. Here it diffuses from blood to air in the lungs.

Question 4 How are the lungs designed in human beings to maximise the area for exchange of gases ? Answer: Within the lungs, the air passage divides into smaller and smaller tubes, called bronchi which in turn form bronchioles. The bronchioles terminate in balloon-like structures, called alveoli. The alveoli present in the lungs provide maximum surface for exchange of gases. The alveoli have vary thin walls and contain an extensive network of blood vessels to facilitate exchange of gases.

Page Number: 110

Question 1 What are the components of the transport system in human beings ? What are the functions of these components ? Answer: The transport system (circulatory system) in human beings mainly consists of heart, blood and blood vessels.

(i) Function of heart : The heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body parts and pumps it to lungs for enriching with oxygen. It receives purified blood from lungs and pumps it around the body. (ii) Function of blood : Blood transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, digested food, hormones and nitrogeneous waste like urea. It also protects the body from diseases and regulates the body temperature. (iii) Function of blood vessels : The blood pushed by the heart flows through the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and also comes back to the heart through them.

Question 2 Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds ? Answer: Separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood allows good supply of oxygen to the body. This system is useful in animals that have high energy requirement. Mammals and birds constantly need oxygen to get energy to maintain their body temperature constant.

Question 3 What are the components of the transport system in highly organised plants? Answer: In highly organised plants there are two conducting tissues xylem and phloem. Xylem consists of vessels, tracheids and other xylem tissues. The interconnected vessels and tracheids form a continuous system of water conducting channels reaching all parts of the plant. Xylem carries water and minerals. Phloem conducts soluble products of photosynthesis from leaves to different parts of the plant body.

Question 5 How is food transported in plants ? Answer: The movement of food in phloem (or translocation) takes place by utilizing energy. The sugar (food) made in leaves is loaded into the sieve tubes of phloem tissue by using energy from ATR Water now enters the sieve tubes containing sugar by the process of osmosis due to which the pressure in the phloem tissue rises. This high pressure produced in the phloem tissue moves the food to all parts of the plant having less pressure in their tissues. This allows the phloem to transport food according to the needs of the plant.

Page Number: 112

Functions of nephron : Filtration of blood takes place in Bowman’s capsule from the capillaries of glomerulus. The filtrate passes into the tubular part of the nephron. This filtrate contains glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid, salts and water. Reabsorption : As the filtrate flows along the tubule, useful substances such as glucose, amino acids, salts and water are selectively reabsorbed into the blood by capillaries surrounding the nephron tubule. Urine : The filtrate which remained after reabsorption is called urine. Urine contains dissolved nitrogenous waste like urea and uric acid, excess salts and water. Urine is collected from nephrons to carry it to the ureter from where it passes into urinary bladder.

Question 2 What are the methods used by plants to get rid of excretory products ? Answer: (i) The plants get rid of gaseous products-through stomata in leaves and lenticels in stems. (ii) The plants get rid of stored solid and liquid waste by the shedding off leaves, peeling off bark and felling off fruits. (iii) The plants get rid of wastes by secreting them in the form of gums and resins. (iv) Plants also excrete some waste substances into the soil around them.

Question 3 How is the amount of urine produced regulated ? Answer: The amount of urine is regulated by kidney. It depends on the quantity of excess water and wastes dissolved in water.

(i) Quantity of water : When water is abundant in the body tissues, large quantities of dilute urine is excreted out. When water is less in quantity in the body tissues, a small quantity of concentrate urine is excreted. (ii) Quantity of dissolved wastes : Dissolved wastes, especially nitrogenous wastes, like urea and uric acid and salts are excreted from the body. When there is more quantity of dissolved wastes in the body, more quantity of water is required to excrete them. Therefore, the amount of urine produced increases. (iii) Hormones : The amount of urine produced is also regulated by certain hormones which control the movement of water and Na+ ions in and out of the nephrons.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Textbook Chapter End Questions

Question 1 The kidneys in human beings are a part of the system for (i) nutrition (ii) respiration (iii) excretion (iv) transportation Answer: (iii) Excretion

Question 2 The xylem in plants are responsible for (i) transport of water (ii) transport of food (iii) transport of amino acids (iv) transport of oxygen Answer: (i) Transport of water

Question 3 The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires (i) carbon dioxide and water (ii) chlorophyll (iii) sunlight (iv) all of the above Answer: (iv) All of the above

Question 4 The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes place in (i) cytoplasm (ii) mitochondria (iii) chloroplast (iv) nucleus Answer: (ii) Mitochondria

Question 7 What are the necessary conditions (or autotrophic nutrition and what are its by-products ? Answer: Necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition : (i) Presence of chlorophyll in the living cells. (if) Provision of supply of water to green plants or cells of the plant. (iii) Sufficient sunlight. (iv) Sufficient supply of carbon dioxide. By-product of auto tropic nutrition is oxygen.

Question 8 What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration ? Name some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration. Answer:

Some organisms which use anaerobic respiration are yeast, bacteria etc.

Question 9 How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases ? Answer: (i) The alveoli are thin walled and richly supplied with a network of blood vessels to facilitate exchange of gases between blood and the air filled in alveoli. (ii) Alveoli have balloon-like structure. Hence, provide maximum surface for exchange of gases.

Question 10 What would be the consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin in our bodies? Answer: Due to the deficiency of haemoglobin in blood, its oxygen carrying capacity decreases. As a result the production of energy by oxidation will become slower. Therefore, one would fall sick and would feel fatigue most of the time.

Question 11 Describe double circulation in human beings. Why is it necessary ? Answer: In our heart blood enters twice and also pumped out twice from the heart. The deoxygenated blood from the body is brought to the right atrium through vena cava from where it is sent to right ventricle. From right ventricle, the blood is pumped to the lungs for oxygenation through pulmonary artery. The oxygenated blood from lungs again enters the left atrium of the heart through pulmonary veins. From left atrium it is send to left ventricle, from where this oxygenated blood is pumped to different parts of body through the arteries. In this way the blood flows through the heart twice, that’s why it is called ‘double circulation’.

Necessity of double circulation: The right side and the left side of the human heart are useful to keep deoxygenated and oxygenated blood from mixing. This type of separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood ensures a highly efficient supply of oxygen to the body. This is useful in case of humans who constantly need energy to maintain their body temperature.

Question 12 What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem ? Answer:

Question 13 Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with respect to their structure and functioning. Answer:

Life processes: ‘Living being’. Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals.

Question 1 How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place? Solution: The small intestine is the site of the complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. It receives the secretions of the liver and pancreas for this purpose. The food coming from the stomach is acidic and has to be made alkaline for the pancreatic enzymes to act. Bile juice from the liver accomplishes this in addition to acting on fats. Fats are present in the intestine in the form of large globules, which make it difficult for enzymes to act on them. Bile salts break them down into smaller globules increasing the efficiency of enzyme action. The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice, which contains enzymes like trypsin for digesting proteins and lipase for breaking down emulsified fats. The walls of the small intestine contain glands, which secrete intestinal juice. The enzymes present in it finally convert the proteins to amino acids, complex carbohydrates into glucose and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 2 What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food? Solution: When we eat something we like, our mouth ‘waters’. This is actually not only water, but also a fluid called saliva secreted by the salivary glands. Another aspect of the food we ingest is its complex nature. If it is to be absorbed from the alimentary canal, it has to be broken into smaller molecules. This is done with the help of biological catalysts called enzymes. The saliva contains an enzyme called salivary amylase that breaks down starch, which is a complex molecule to give sugar. The food is mixed thoroughly with saliva and moved around the mouth while chewing by the muscular tongue.

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• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science

Question 3 What are the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and what are its byproducts? Solution: Carbon and energy requirements of the autotrophic organism are fulfilled by photosynthesis. It is the process by which autotrophs take in substances from the outside and convert them into stored forms of energy. This material is taken in the form of carbon dioxide and water, which is converted into carbohydrates in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. Carbohydrates are utilised for providing energy to the plant. The carbohydrates, which are not used immediately, are stored in the form of starch, which serves as the internal energy reserve to be used as and when required by the plant.

Download NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes PDF

Question 4 What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Name some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration. Solution: The food material taken in during the process of nutrition is used in cells to provide energy for various life processes. Diverse organisms do this in different ways – some use oxygen to breakdown glucose completely into carbon dioxide and water; some use other pathways that do not involve oxygen. In all cases, the first step is the breakdown of glucose, a six-carbon molecule, into a three-carbon molecule called pyruvate. This process takes place in the cytoplasm. Further, the pyruvate may be converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide. This process takes place in yeast during fermentation. Since this process takes place in the absence of air (oxygen), it is called anaerobic respiration. Breakdown of pyruvate using oxygen takes place in the mitochondria. This process breaks up the three-carbon pyruvate molecule to give three molecules of carbon dioxide. The other product is water. Since this process takes place in the presence of air (oxygen), it is called aerobic respiration. The release of energy in this aerobic process is a lot greater than in the anaerobic process.

Question 5 How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases? Solution: Within the lungs, the passage divides into smaller and smaller tubes, which finally terminate in balloon-like structures, which are called alveoli. The alveoli provide a surface where the exchange of gases can take place. The walls of the alveoli contain an extensive network of blood vessels. As we have seen in earlier years, when we breathe in, we lift our ribs and flatten our diaphragm, and the chest cavity becomes larger as a result. Because of this, air is sucked into the lungs and fills the expanded alveoli. The blood brings carbon dioxide from the rest of the body for release into the alveoli, and the oxygen in the alveolar air is taken up by blood in the alveolar blood vessels to be transported to all the cells in the body. During the breathing cycle, when air is taken in and let out, the lungs always contain a residual volume of air so that there is sufficient time for oxygen to be absorbed and for the carbon dioxide to be released.

Question 6 Describe double circulation in human beings. Why is it necessary? Solution: The double circulatory system of blood flow refers to the separate systems of pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation. The adult human heart consists of two separated pumps, the right side with the right atrium and ventricle which pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary circulation. The oxygenated blood re-enters the left side of the heart through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium and passes to the left ventricle where it is pumped to the rest of the body. This part of the circulation is called as systemic circulation. This type of circulation is called double circulation. The advantage of a double circulatory system is that blood can be pumped to the rest of the body at a higher pressure.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) [1 Mark each]

Question 1. Yeast respires anaerobically using sugar as a substrate. Out of the options given below, choose the correct combination of condition and product?

Answer: (c) Under an aerobic condition, yeast respires and converts glucose to alcohol and CO 2 .

Question 2. The table shows the percentage composition of four samples of air. Which sample could have been breathed out by a person after vigorous exercise?

Answer: (b) This is because rapid aerobic respiration occurs – during vigorous exercise in order to obtain more energy.

Question 3. Cramps caused during sudden activities are due to the formation of (a) lactic acid (b) acetic acid (c) excess of water (d) ethanol Answer: (a) Lactic acid is formed by the breakdown of pyruvate when oxygen is insufficient in muscles instead of forming C02 and water. Accumulation of excess lactic acid in the muscles causes cramps.

Question 4. Which of the following plays nose like function in plants? (a) Flower (b) Phloem (c) Stomata (d) Chlorophyll Answer: (c) Stomata are pores which help in the passage of air in the plants.

Question 5. Which changes occur when a person breathe in deeply?

Answer: (a) When a person breathes deeply the external intercostal muscles contract causing the rib cage to swing up and out. Also, the diaphragm contracts and flattens causing the thoracic cavity to increase in volume and decrease in pressure.

Question 7. The table given below shows the percentage composition of a gas in inspired and in expired air.

What is the gas? (a) Carbon dioxide (b) Nitrogen (c) Oxygen (d) Water vapour Answer: (c) The gas is oxygen as atmospheric air has approximately 21% of oxygen

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes (Hindi Medium)

Class 10 Science Life Processes Mind Map

Nutrition Nutrition is the process by which source of energy (food) is transferred from outside the body of the organism to the inside. Most of the food sources are also carbon-based on Earth and depending on the complexity of these carbon sources different organisms use different kinds of nutritional processes. Autotrophic Nutrition: Carbon and energy requirements of the autotrophic organism are fulfilled by photosynthesis.

• It is the process by which autotrophs convert carbon dioxide & water into carbohydrate in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. Oxygen is the byproduct.
• The following events occur during this process:
• Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll.
• Conversion of light energy to chemical energy and splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.
• Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates.

Heterotrophic Nutrition: Heterotrophs depend on other organisms for their nutrition.

• Saprophytes: They break-down the food material outside the body and then absorb it, also termed as extra-cellular digestion. E.g. fungi like bread moulds, yeast, mushrooms etc.
• Parasites: Derive nutrition from plants or animals without killing them. E.g. cuscuta (amar-bel), ticks, lice, leeches, tape-worms etc.
• Holozoic nutrition: These organisms take in whole material & break it down inside their bodies. E.g. cow, deer, lion, tiger, humans etc. What can be taken in and broken down depends on body design and functioning

Life Process The processes which maintain the body functions and are required for the survival of living being are called life processes. Some of the important life processes are nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion etc.

Nutrition In Human Beings The alimentary canal is a long tube extending from the mouth to the anus. The nutrition in human being is divided into five steps: • Ingestion: Intake of food from outside source. Teeth & saliva crush the food to generate the particles of same size & texture. The food is then passed to stomach via oesophagus. The peristaltic movements occur all along the gut which helps in pushing the food forward. • Digestion: In mouth, salivary amylase helps in carbohydrates digestion. In stomach, pepsin helps in protein digestion. However, small intestine is the main site of complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins & fats. It receives pancreas and liver secretions. Bile juice emulsifies fats and pancreatic enzymes, trypsin & lipases digest proteins & emulsified fats. It finally converts proteins to amino acids, complex carbohydrates into glucose & fats into fatty acids & glycerol. • Absorption: The digested food is taken up by the walls of the intestine. The inner lining of the small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called villi which increase the surface area for absorption. Large intestine absorbs water from the unabsorbed food. • Assimilation: The villi are richly supplied with blood vessels which take the absorbed food to each & every cell of the body, where it is required either for energy, build up or repair. • Excretion: The waste material is removed from the body via anus which is regulated by anal sphincter.

Transportation Transportation in Human Beings

• Blood consists of fluid medium called plasma in which the cells are suspended. Plasma transports food, CO 2 & nitrogenous wastes in dissolved form. Oxygen is carried by RBC.
• Heart: Heart is the muscular organ made up of cardiac muscles and is as big as our fist. It is composed of four chambers (2 atria & 2 ventricles) to prevent the mixing of oxygenated & deoxygenated blood.
• Ventricles are thick wailed as they have to pump the blood to various organs of the body. In addition, valves are also present in heart and veins to prevent the backflow of the blood.

Circulation of blood: Oxygenated blood is carried out from lungs to the left atrium with the help of pulmonary’ veins.

• Left atrium contracts to release blood into the left ventricle which relaxes while collecting it. It then pumped out the blood to whole body via aorta. a Deoxygenated blood from whole body then enters the right atrium via vena cava vein.
• Right atrium contracts to pump the blood in right ventricle. It then pumps the blood towards lungs via pulmonary’ artery for oxygenation.

Oxygenation of blood: Invertebrates such as birds, mammals etc which constantly use energy to maintain their body temperature, blood goes through heart twice during each cycle which is known as double circulation.

• In contrast, animals like amphibians or many reptiles have three-chambered hearts as they can tolerate some mixing of the oxygenated & de-oxygenated blood streams. They do not use energy for thermoregulation and body temperature depends on the temperature in the environment.
• Fishes, on other hand, have only two chambered heart. Blood is pumped to the gills for oxygenation and passes directly to the rest of the body.

Transportation In Plants There are two main pathways present in plants: xylem pathway- moves water & minerals from the soil & phloem transports products of photosynthesis from leaves (where they are synthesized) to other parts of the plant. Transport of Water

• In xylem tissue, vessels and tracheids of roots, stems & leaves are interconnected to form a continuous system of water-conducting channels reaching all parts of the plant.
• At root site, cells actively take up ions from soil which creates concentration gradient. Water then diffuses into the root cells in order to eliminate this gradient.
• It provides steady movement of water into root xylem, creating a column of water that is steadily pushed upwards.
• However, it is not efficient enough to push water over the heights of tall plants.
• So, plants use other method which is known as transpiration to push water upwards. The loss of water in the form of vapour from aerial parts of plant is known as transpiration.
• Evaporation of water molecules from the cells of a leaf creates a suction which pulls water from the xylem cells of roots. It also aids in thermoregulation.
• Transport of food and other substances
• Transport of soluble products of photosynthesis is called translocation.
• The translocation takes place in sieve tubes with the help of adjacent companion cells both in upward & downward directions.
• It utilizes energy (ATP) in contrast to xylem transport.
• Material like sucrose is transferred into phloem tissue using energy from ATP.
• It increases osmotic pressure of tissue causing water to move into it.
• This pressure moves the material in phloem to tissues which have less pressure.
• It allows phloem to move material according to plant’s needs.

Excretion The biological process involved in removal of harmful metabolic wastes from body is called excretion. Many unicellular organisms remove these wastes by simple diffusion from body surface into surrounding water. However, complex multi-cellular organisms use specialised organs to perform this function. Excretion in Human Beings: The excretory system includes pair of kidneys, pair of ureters, urinary bladder & urethra.

• Nephrons are the functional units of kidneys. They are the clusters of thin-walled capillaries. Each cluster is associated with cup-shaped end (Bowmans capsule) of a tube that collects the filtered urine.
• Substance such as glucose, amino acids, salts & a major amount of water are selectively re-absorbed as the urine flows along the tube. The amount of water depends up on amount of excess water & dissolved waste in the body.
• The urine formed in each kidney is carried to urinary bladder by ureter. Urine is stored in urinary bladder until the pressure of the expanded bladder leads to the urge to pass it out through the urethra.
• Excretion in Plants: They get rid of excess water by transpiration.
• Many plant waste products are stored in cellular vacuoles.
• Waste products may be stored in leaves that fall off.
• In addition, some waste products are stored as resins & gums, especially in old xylem.
• Lastly, plants excrete some waste substances into the soil around them.

We hope the detailed information regarding  NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes is helpful. For any query related to  NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes, kindly drop your questions in the comment box below and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science All Chapters

• Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations
• Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts
• Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals
• Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds
• Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements
• Chapter 6 Life Processes
• Chapter 7 Control and Coordination
• Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce?
• Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution
• Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction
• Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World
• Chapter 12 Electricity
• Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
• Chapter 14 Sources of Energy
• Chapter 15 Our Environment
• Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes

The Class 10 NCERT Solutions for Science Chapter 6 Life Processes includes all the intext and exercise questions. Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes NCERT questions and answers help students to clear their doubts and to obtain good marks in Class 10 board exam. All the solutions provided in this article are strictly based on the CBSE syllabus and curriculum.

Class 10 Science Chapter 6 NCERT Questions and Answers

Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes NCERT Questions and Answers are prepared by experts with a detailed explanation that will help students complete their assignments & homework. Having a good grasp over CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science will further help the students in their preparation for board exams and other competitive exams such as NTSE, Olympiad, etc.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Intext Questions

Intext Question (Page No. 95)

Question 1: Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multicellular organisms like humans?

Answer: In multicellular organisms like humans, all the body cells are not in direct contact with the surrounding environment. Therefore, every cell of the body will not get oxygen as per need by the process of diffusion from the environment. Therefore, diffusion is insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multicellular organisms.

Question 2: What criteria do we use to decide whether something is alive?

Answer: Walking, breathing, growth and other visible changes can be used to determine whether something is alive or dead. However some living things will have changes that are not visible to our eye; Hence, presence of life process is a fundamental criteria to decide whether something is alive.

Question 3:  What are outside raw materials used for by an organism?

Answer: An organism uses outside raw materials mostly in the form of food (Since life on earth depends on carbon-based molecules, most of these food sources are also carbon-based) and oxygen. The raw materials required by an organism can be quite varied depending on the complexity of the organism and its environment.

Question 4:  What processes would you consider essential for maintaining life?

Answer: Life processes such as nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion, etc. are essential for maintaining life.

Intext Question (Page No. 101)

Question 1:  What are the differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition?

Question 2:  Where do plants get each of the raw materials required for photosynthesis?

Answer: The following raw materials are required for photosynthesis:

• The raw material CO 2 enters from the atmosphere through stomata.
• Water is absorbed from the soil by the plant roots.
• Sunlight, an important component to manufacture food, is absorbed by the chlorophyll and other green parts of the plants. 

Question 3: What is the role of the acid in our stomach?

Answer: Role of the acid (HCl) in our stomach

• Kills germs present in the food.
• Makes the food acidic, so that pepsin can digest protein.

Question 4:  What is the function of digestive enzymes?

Answer: Digestive enzymes such as amylase, lipase, pepsin, trypsin, etc. help in the breaking down of complex food particles into simple ones. These simple particles can be easily absorbed by the blood and thus transported to all the cells of the body.

Question 5: How is the small intestine designed to absorb digested food?

Answer: Small intestine has small projections called as micro villi which increases the surface volume which make absorption more effective. Within the villi there are numerous blood vessels that absorb digested food and carry it to blood stream. Blood transports food to each part of our body.

Intext Question (Page No. 105)

Question 1: What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have with regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration?

Answer: Terrestrial organisms breathe by using atmospheric oxygen whereas aquatic organism take oxygen dissolved in water. Oxygen level is high in atmosphere when compared to oxygen in water. Hence terrestrial organism need not breathe fast to obtain organism whereas aquatic organisms need to breathe faster to get required oxygen.

Question 2: What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidized to provide energy in various organisms?

Answer: Glucose is first broken down in the cell cytoplasm into three carbon molecule called pyruvate. Pyruvate is further broken down in the following ways to provide energy:

Question 3: How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings?

Answer: Oxygen and Carbon-di-oxide is transported in human being via blood stream. Oxygen is carried to the cells whereas carbon-di-oxide is carried away from the cells. Exchange of gases takes place between the alveoli of lungs and the surrounding blood capillaries.  Oxygen is absorbed by the blood capillaries from the lungs alveoli by diffusion while carbon-dioxide is absorbed by the lungs alveoli from blood capillaries by diffusion.

Question 4: How are the lungs designed in human beings to maximise the area for exchange of gases?

Answer: The exchange of gases takes place between the blood capillaries that surround the alveoli and the gases present in the alveoli. Thus, alveoli are the site for exchange of gases. The lungs get filled up with air during the process of inhalation as ribs are lifted up and diaphragm is flattened. The air that is rushed inside the lungs fills the numerous alveoli present in the lungs. Each lung contains 300-350 million alveoli. These numerous alveoli increase the surface area for gaseous exchange making the process of respiration more efficient.

Intext Question (Page No. 110)

Question 1: What are the components of the transport system in human beings? What are the functions of these components?

Answer: The main components of the transport system in human beings are the heart, blood, and blood vessels.

Heart pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body. It receives deoxygenated blood from the various body parts and sends this impure blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

Blood is a fluid connective tissue, it helps in the transport of oxygen, nutrients, CO 2 , and nitrogenous wastes.

Blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries) carry blood either away from the heart to various organs or from various organs back to the heart.

Question 2: Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds?

Answer: Mammals and birds are warm blooded animals which keep their body temperature constant irrespective of the environment they leave. This process require lot of oxygen for more cellular respiration so that warm blooded animals produce more energy to balance their body temperature. Hence it is very important for warm blooded animals to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to keep their circulatory system efficient.

Question 3: What are the components of the transport system in highly organized plants?

Answer: In highly organized plants, there are two different types of conducting tissues − xylem and phloem. 

Xylem conducts water and minerals obtained from the soil (via roots) to the rest of the plant. 

Phloem transports amino acids and food materials from the leaves to different parts of the plant body.

Question 4: How are water and minerals transported in plants?

Answer: The components of xylem tissue (tracheids and vessels) of roots, stems and leaves are interconnected to form a continuous system of water – conducting channels that reaches all parts of the plant. Transpiration creates a suction pressure, as a result of which water is forced into the xylem cells of the roots. Then there is a steady movement of water from the root xylem to all the plant parts through the interconnected water – conducting channels.

Question 5: How is food transported in plants?

Answer: Phloem transports food materials from the leaves to different parts of the plant body. The transportation of food in phloem is achieved by utilizing energy from ATP. As a result of this, the osmotic pressure in the tissue increases causing water to move into it. This pressure moves the material in the phloem to the tissues which have less pressure. This is helpful in moving materials according to the needs of the plant. For example, the food material, such as sucrose, is transported into the phloem tissue using ATP energy.

Intext Question (Page No. 112)

Question 1: Describe the structure and functioning of nephrons.

Answer: Nephrons are the filtration units of the kidney which are large in numbers. Some substances in the initial filtrate, such as glucose, amino acids, salts and a major amount of water, are selectively re-absorbed as the urine flows along the tube. The main components of the nephron are glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, and a long renal tubule.

Functioning of a nephron:

• The blood enters the kidney through the renal artery, which branches into many capillaries associated with glomerulus.
• The water and solute are transferred to the nephron at Bowman’s capsule.
• In the proximal tubule, some substances such as amino acids, glucose, and salts are selectively reabsorbed and unwanted molecules are added in the urine.
• The filtrate then moves down into the loop of Henle, where more water is absorbed. From here, the filtrate moves upwards into the distal tubule and finally to the collecting duct. Collecting duct collects urine from many nephrons.
• The urine formed in each kidney enters a long tube called ureter. From ureter, it gets transported to the urinary bladder and then into the urethra.

Question 2: What are the methods used by plants to get rid of excretory products?

Answer: Plants use completely different strategies for excretion than those animals. They can get rid of excess water by transpiration. For other wastes, plants use the fact that many of their tissues consist of dead cells, and that they can even lose some parts such as leaves. Many plant waste products are stored in cellular vacuoles. Waste products may be stored in leaves that fall off. Other waste products are stored as resins and gums, especially in old xylem. Plants also excrete some waste substances into the soil around them.

Question 3: How is the amount of urine produced regulated?

Answer: The amount of urine produced depends on the amount of excess water and dissolved wastes present in the body. Some other factors such as habitat of an organism and hormone such as Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) also regulates the amount of urine produced.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Exercise Questions

Question 1: The kidneys in human beings are a part of the system for (i) nutrition (ii) respiration (iii) excretion (iv) transportation

Answer: (c) excretion.

Question 2: The xylem in plants are responsible for (i) transport of water (ii) transport of food (iii) transport of amino acids (iv) transport of oxygen

Answer: (a) transport of water.

Question 3: The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires (i) carbon dioxide and water (ii) chlorophyll (iii) sunlight (iv) all of the above

Answer: (c) sunlight.

Question 4: The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes place in (i) cytoplasm (ii) mitochondria (iii) chloroplast (iv) nucleus

Answer: (b) mitochondria.

Question 5:  How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place?

Answer: Fats are present in the form of large globules in the small intestine. The small intestine gets the secretions in the form of bile juice and pancreatic juice respectively from the liver and the pancreas. The bile salts (from the liver) break down the large fat globules into smaller globules so that the pancreatic enzymes can easily act on them. This is referred to as emulsification of fats. It takes place in the small intestine.

Question 6: What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food? 

Answer: Saliva is secreted by the salivary glands, located under the tongue. It makes the food soft for easy swallowing. It contains a digestive enzyme called salivary amylase, which breaks down starch into sugar. 

Question 7: What are the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and what are its byproducts? 

Answer: Autotrophic nutrition takes place through the process of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll pigment, and sunlight are the necessary conditions required for autotrophic nutrition. Carbohydrates (food) and O 2 are the byproducts of photosynthesis.

Question 8:  What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Name some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration. 

Answer: Difference between Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration:

Question 9: How are the alveoli designed to maximize the exchange of gases?

Answer: The alveoli are the small balloon-like structures present in the lungs. The walls of the alveoli consist of extensive network of blood vessels. Each lung contains 300−350 million alveoli, making it a total of approximately 700 million in both the lungs. The alveolar surface when spread out covers about 80 m 2 area. This large surface area makes the gaseous exchange more efficient.

Question 10: What would be the consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin in our bodies?

Answer: Hemoglobin is a protein responsible for transportation of oxygen to the body cells for cellular respiration. Deficiency of Hemoglobin can affect the oxygen carrying capacity of RBC’S. This leads to lack of oxygen in our body cells. Hemoglobin deficiency leads to a disease called as anemia.

Question 11: Describe double circulation in human beings. Why is it necessary?

Answer: Because both oxygen and carbon dioxide have to be transported by the blood, the heart has different chambers to prevent the oxygen-rich blood from mixing with the blood containing carbon dioxide. The human heart is divided into four chambers − the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs comes to the thin-walled upper chamber of the heart on the left, the left atrium. The left atrium relaxes when it is collecting this blood. It then contracts, while the next chamber, the left ventricle, expands, so that the blood is transferred to it. When the muscular left ventricle contracts in its turn, the blood is pumped out to the body.

De-oxygenated blood comes from the body to the upper chamber on the right, the right atrium, as it expands. As the right atrium contracts, the corresponding lower chamber, the right ventricle, dilates. This transfers blood to the right ventricle, which in turn pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. During this process blood goes twice through the heart. That’s why it is known as double circulation.

Double Circulation is necessary:   The separation of oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood allows a more efficient supply of oxygen to the body cells. This efficient system of oxygen supply is very useful in warm-blooded animals such as human beings. As we know, warm blooded animals have to maintain a constant body temperature by cooling themselves when they are in a hotter environment and by warming their bodies when they are in a cooler environment. Hence, they require more O 2 for more respiration so that they can produce more energy to maintain their body temperature.

Thus, the circulatory system of humans is more efficient because of the double circulatory heart.

Question 12:  What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem?

Answer: Difference between Xylem and Phloem:

Question 13:  Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with respect to their structure and functioning.

Topics covered under Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes

Below we have listed the topics discussed in NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6. The list gives you a quick look at the different topics and subtopics of this chapter.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 – A Brief Discussion

Chapter Overview:  The maintenance functions of living organisms must go on even when they are not doing anything particular. Even when we are just sitting in class, even if we are just asleep, this maintenance job has to go on. The processes which together perform this maintenance job are life processes. In this chapter you will learn some of the important life processes such as nutrition, respiration, transportation and excretion.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes: In Class 10, Science is one of the most important and high-scoring subjects. The concepts explained in Class 10 Science are crucial to build a strong foundation for science topics in higher classes. Class 10 Science Chapter 6 deals with the life processes of animals and plants, like respiration, digestion, and many more. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 help students solve questions and understand the steps involved.

Embibe provides the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science 6th Chapter, in which all questions are explained thoroughly with detailed explanations of the concepts. In addition, students can refer to 3D videos, practice questions, and take mock tests on Embibe. Continue reading further to learn more about the NCERT Solutions for Class 10th Science Chapter 6.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6: Important Topics

In addition to helping students prepare for their board exams, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 will help students complete their assignments and homework on time. It will also help students understand the concepts better. Embibe provides step-by-step solutions to help students score good marks. For extensive preparation of NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 6 , students can learn the concepts through 3D videos, practice 2000+ questions, and take mock tests on Embibe for.

Before getting into the detailed Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6, let us quickly look at the list of topics covered in the chapter.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6: Points to Remember

Below, we have provided some of the important points to remember for NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science 6th Chapter to ace your exams. Students can refer to these points to recall the concepts learned. They can use them during a quick revision before the exam.

• Movement, nutrition, respiration, transport, and excretion are the basic life processes shared by all living organisms.
• Animals can move from one location to another, whereas plants can only move certain parts of their bodies, such as roots, leaves, and flowers. Non-living things cannot move on their own.
• Nutrition refers to the intake of nutrients by an organism and the utilisation of nutrients by organisms.
• The dark reaction occurs in the chloroplast stroma. This process involves the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates.
• Water for photosynthesis is taken up from the soil by terrestrial plant roots.
• The force exerted by blood against the wall of a vessel is referred to as blood pressure. The pressure in arteries is much higher than in veins. The normal systolic pressure is around 120 mm Hg, and the diastolic pressure is around 80 mm Hg.
• Transport of water, minerals, food and other materials is a function of the vascular tissue, which consists of the xylem and phloem in highly differentiated plants.
• The kidneys’ primary function is to remove toxic urea, other wastes, salts, and excess water from the blood.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science: All Chapters

Students must thoroughly study all the chapters to ace the Class 10 Science exam. In order to solve questions and get detailed explanations, they can refer to NCERT solutions. The detailed NCERT Solutions of Class 10 Science for all chapters are provided below for your reference:

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FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6

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Photosynthesis

Class 10 - selina concise biology solutions, progress check 1.

Answer the following in "Yes" or "No"

(i) All parts of a green plant carry out photosynthesis.

(ii) All green parts of a plant carry out photosynthesis.

(iii) Photosynthesis is the only biological process that releases oxygen into the air.

(iv) Out of nine types of chlorophylls, chlorophyll a and b are the most abundant.

(v) Too much light destroys chlorophyll.

(vi) No transpiration occurs during photosynthesis.

(vii) During sunlight, the guard cells turn flaccid to open the stomata.

(i) No Corrected Statement — A few parts of a green plant like roots and flowers does not carry out photosynthesis as they lack chloroplasts and chlorophyll.

(vi) No Corrected Statement — Photosynthesis and transpiration go on side by side.

(vii) No Corrected Statement — During sunlight, the guard cells turn turgid to open the stomata.

Progress Check 2

Write the overall summary of the chemical equation of photosynthesis.

6 CO 2 + 12 H 2 O → chlorophyll light energy C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 H 2 O + 6 O 2 ↑ 6\text{CO}_2 + 12\text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow[\text{chlorophyll}]{\text{light energy}} \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + 6\text{O}_2 \uparrow 6 CO 2 ​ + 12 H 2 ​ O light energy chlorophyll ​ C 6 ​ H 12 ​ O 6 ​ + 6 H 2 ​ O + 6 O 2 ​ ↑

Which single substance in the above equation is repeated in raw material as well as reproduced as an end product?

What is the source of oxygen released in photosynthesis — CO 2 or H 2 O ?

What happens in photolysis?

The energy of Sun absorbed is used in splitting the water molecule into its two components (Hydrogen and Oxygen) and releasing electrons. This process is termed as photolysis.

Dark reaction involves utilisation of CO 2 in producing C 6 H 12 O 6 (glucose). Why is this phase called dark reaction ?

The given reaction does not require light. It can occur during day as well as night. Therefore, it is known as Dark reaction.

Glucose produced during photosynthesis is soon polymerised into starch. What does polymerisation mean?

The process of conversion of many simpler molecules into a complex, bigger molecule is termed as polymerisation. Several molecules of glucose join together to form a starch molecule.

Why is it better to call the dark phase of photosynthesis as "light-independent phase"?

The old term 'dark-phase' did not mean that it occurs when it is dark i.e. night. It only means that the reactions are not dependent on light. That is why, it is now better called as "light-independent phase".

Progress Check 3

How do the following favour increased photosynthesis?

(i) Large surface area of the leaf.

(ii) Thinness of the leaf.

(iii) More numerous stomata.

(i) Large surface area of the leaf enables maximum light absorption by plant. Increased absorption of solar energy increases the Photosynthesis.

(ii) Thinness of the leaf reduces the distance between cells facilitating rapid transport of raw materials and translocation of food.

(iii) More numerous stomata allow rapid gaseous exchange and speed up the process of photosynthesis.

Name the three end-products of photosynthesis and mention the fate of each of them in the plant.

The three end products of photosynthesis are:

• immediately consumed by the plant cells
• stored in the form of insoluble starch
• converted into sucrose
• used in synthesizing fats, proteins,etc.
• Water — can be reutilized in continuance of photosynthesis.
• Oxygen — It is used in respiration in the leaf cells. Extra oxygen is released and diffused out in atmosphere.

If we keep on increasing CO 2 concentration in the air, will the rate of photosynthesis also keep on increasing in direct proportion? Yes/No. Explain.

Increasing carbon dioxide concentration increases rate of photosynthesis but it is stabilised at a particular point (upto 0.02% of CO 2 ) if there is no change in light intensity. If the light intensity is increased then increase in carbon dioxide concentration further increases the rate of photosynthesis and is again stabilised at 0.05% of CO 2 .

Progress Check 4

Why is it necessary to destarch the leaves of a plant before performing an experiment on photosynthesis?

In any experiment on photosynthesis, the presence of starch shows that the process of photosynthesis occurred. Therefore it is necessary to remove any pre-existing starch from the leaves. For destarching, the plant is kept for 24-48 hours in dark. It stops the synthesis of starch and the pre-existing starch, by then, is removed from leaves and is stored in storage organs.

Why do we perform the iodine test ?

We perform the iodine test to test the presence of starch.

What chemical do you use to remove CO 2 from inside a flask in certain experiments on photosynthesis ?

• Potassium hydroxide

All food chains start with a plant. Why is this so?

The plants are called producers. They are the only organism with ability to convert the solar energy into chemical energy of the food. Therefore, all food chains start with a plant.

The honey bee produces honey. In terms of the food chain, is the honey bee a producer or a consumer?

In terms of food chain, the honey bee is a consumer as it consumes plant nectar and derive its energy from nectar to carry out all the physiological processes. Honey produced by it is derived indirectly from plants. Therefore, Honey bee cannot be called as a producer.

Multiple Choice Type

Chlorophyll is located in :

Reason — Chlorophyll is located in the walls of thylakoid.

Which of the following is not applicable to the process of photosynthesis ?

• Oxygen is evolved
• Carbon dioxide is absorbed

Carbon dioxide is evolved

• Water is utilized

Reason — In the process of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is absorbed and oxygen is evolved as a by-product.

The colour of VIBGYOR spectrum which is reflected by chlorophyll is:

Reason — The colour of any object is the light that is reflected by it. The chlorophyll reflects green colour and therefore it is green to our eyes.

The basic functional unit of solar energy which is absorbed by the pigment chlorophyll is:

• Phytochrome

Reason — The basic functional unit of solar energy is photon that is absorbed by the chlorophyll molecules and this leads to start of chain of reactions of photosynthesis.

The molecules of water split during:

• Photorespiration
• Phosphorylation
• Photophosphorylation

Reason — The chlorophyll molecule absorbs solar energy and this energy is used to split the water molecule. This process ia called photolysis. (photo means light, lysis means disintegration)

The granum is a pile of many :

Reason — Stacked thylakoids are known as granum.

Which of the following is used to remove chlorophyll from the leaves:

• Iodine solution

Methylated spirit

Reason — The leaf is boiled in Methylated spirit to remove chlorophyll.

The raw material which is reduced during photosynthesis is :

Carbon dioxide

Reason — Carbon dioxide loses its oxygen or is reduced to form glucose. (loss of oxygen is reduction)

The optimum temperature for the process of photosynthesis is :

Reason — The rate of photosynthesis is maximum at 35°C and falls beyond it.

Question 10

Conversion of several glucose molecules into starch is termed as :

Polymerisation

Reason — Polymerisation is the process by which simple monomers (glucose) join to form complex polymers (starch).

Very Short Answer Type

Name the following:

(a) The category of organisms that prepare their own food from basic raw materials.

(b) The kind of plastids found in the mesophyll cells of the leaf.

(c) The compound which stores energy in the cells.

(d) The first form of food substance produced during photosynthesis.

(e) The source of CO 2 for aquatic plants.

(f) The part of chloroplast where the dark reaction of photosynthesis takes place.

(a) Autotrophs.

(b) Chloroplasts.

(c) ATP (Adenosine triphosphate).

(d) Glucose.

(e) The carbon dioxide dissolved in water.

(f) Stroma.

Given below are groups of terms. In each group, the first pair indicates the relationship between the two terms. Complete the second pair accordingly.

(a) Chlorophyll : Magnesium :: Haemoglobin : ............... .

(b) Light reaction : Granum :: Dark reaction : ............... .

(c) Producers : Autotrophs :: Consumers : ............... .

(d) Respiration : Carbon dioxide :: Photosynthesis : ............... .

(e) Water and minerals : Xylem :: Prepared food : ............... .

(a) Chlorophyll : Magnesium :: Haemoglobin : Iron

(b) Light reaction : Granum :: Dark reaction : Stroma

(c) Producers : Autotrophs :: Consumers : Heterotrophs

(d) Respiration : Carbon dioxide :: Photosynthesis : Oxygen

(e) Water and minerals : Xylem :: Prepared food : Phloem

Short Answer Type

Identify the false statements and rewrite them correctly by changing the first or last word only.

(a) Dark reaction of photosynthesis occurs during night time.

(b) Photosynthesis requires enzymes.

(c) Green plants are consumers.

(d) Photosynthesis results in loss of dry weight of the plants.

(e) Photosynthesis stops at a temperature of about 35°C.

(f) Photosynthesis occurs only in cells containing chloroplasts.

(g) Green plants perform photosynthesis.

(h) Algae are autotrophs.

(a) False Corrected statement — Dark reaction of photosynthesis occurs simultaneously with light reaction.

(c) False Corrected statement — Green plants are producers.

(d) False Corrected statement — Respiration results in loss of dry weight of the plants.

(e) False Corrected statement — Photosynthesis stops at a temperature of about 40°C.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate answer from the choices given in the brackets.

(a) The site of light reaction in the cells of a leaf is ............... (cytoplasm, stroma, grana).

(b) The chemical substance used to test the presence of starch in the cell of a leaf is ............... (CaCl 2 , iodine solution, Benedict solution).

(c) Stroma is the ground substance in ............... (cytoplasm, chloroplast, ribosomes).

(d) The dark reaction of photosynthesis is known as ............... (Hill reaction, cyclic phosphorylation, Calvin cycle).

(e) In the flowering plants, food is transported in the form of ............... (sucrose, glucose, starch).

(a) The site of light reaction in the cells of a leaf is grana .

(b) The chemical substance used to test the presence of starch in the cell of a leaf is iodine solution .

(c) Stroma is the ground substance in chloroplast .

(d) The dark reaction of photosynthesis is known as Calvin cycle .

(e) In the flowering plants, food is transported in the form of Sucrose .

Are the following statements true or false ? Give reason in support of your answer.

(a) The rate of photosynthesis continues to rise as long as the intensity of light rises.

(b) The outside atmospheric temperature has no effect on the rate of photosynthesis.

(c) If you immerse a leaf intact on the plant in ice cold water, it will continue to photosynthesise in bright sunshine.

(d) Destarching of the leaves of a potted plant can occur only at night.

(e) If a plant is kept in bright light all the 24 hours for a few days, the dark reaction (biosynthetic phase) will fail to occur.

(f) Photosynthesis is considered as a process supporting all life on earth.

(a) False Corrected statement — Photosynthesis increases with the light intensity up to a certain limit only, and then it gets stabilised at the point S'(0.02% CO 2 ).

(b) False Corrected statement — The atmospheric temperature is an important external factor affecting photosynthesis. With the rise in temperature, the rate of photosynthesis rises. This rise occurs up to the optimum temperature of 35°C (maximum suitable temperature when the photosynthesis occurs best) after which the rate falls and stops above 40°C.

(c) False Corrected statement — Ice cold water will hamper the process of photosynthesis in the immersed leaf, even if there is sufficient sunshine because the temperature is an important factor for the rate of photosynthesis.

(d) False Corrected statement — For destarching, the potted plant can be kept in a dark room for 24-48 hours. During this period, all the starch will be removed from the leaves and stored in the storage organs.

(e) False Corrected statement — If a plant is kept in bright light all the 24 hours for a few days, the dark reaction (biosynthetic phase) will continue to occur because the dark reaction is independent of light and it occurs simultaneously with the light dependent reaction.

Given below are five terms. Rewrite the terms in the correct order so as to be in logical sequence with regard to photosynthesis: (i) water molecules, (ii) oxygen, (iii) grana, (iv) hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, (v) photons.

Photons, grana, water molecules, hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, oxygen.

State any four differences between photosynthesis and respiration.

Complete the following food chains by writing the names of appropriate organisms in the blanks:

(i) Grass → ............... → Snake → ...............

(ii) ............... → Mouse ............... → Peacock

(i) Grass → Grasshopper → Snake → Hawk

(ii) Corn → Mouse → Snake → Peacock

Name these :

(a) Two aquatic plants which can be used for the experiment of photosynthesis.

(b) Two plants having variegated leaves.

(c) Two raw materials for photosynthesis.

(d) Four essentials for photosynthesis.

(e) Two main phases of photosynthesis.

(a) Hydrilla, Elodea

(b) Geranium, Croton

(c) Carbon dioxide, water

(d) Light, Chlorophyll, Carbon dioxide and water

(e) Photo-chemical phase, Biosynthetic phase

Match the terms given in column A with column B:

Complete the following by filling the blanks 1 to 5 with appropriate words/ terms/ phrases:

To test the leaf for starch, the leaf is boiled in water to (1) ............... . It is next boiled in methylated spirit to (2) ............... . The leaf is placed in warm water to soften it. It is then placed in a dish and (3) ............... solution is added. The region, which contains starch, turns (4) ............... and the region, which does not contain starch, turns (5) ............... .

To test the leaf for starch, the leaf is boiled in water to (1) kill the cells. It is next boiled in methylated spirit to (2) remove chlorophyll. The leaf is placed in warm water to soften it. It is then placed in a dish and (3) iodine solution is added. The region, which contains starch, turns (4) blue-black and the region, which does not contain starch, turns (5) brown. .

Write the exact location of each :

(a) Chlorophyll

(b) Chloroplast in the parts of a plant

(d) Guard cells

(e) Palisade cells

(a) Wall of thylakoid.

(b) Mesophyll cells of upper and lower epidermis of leaves.

(c) Chloroplast.

(d) Stomata.

(e) Beneath epidermis.

Descriptive Type

Define the following terms:

(a) Photosynthesis

(b) Thylakoids

(c) Chloroplast

(d) Photolysis of water

(e) Polymerisation

(a) Photosynthesis — Photosynthesis is the process by which living plant cells, containing chlorophyll, produce food substances (glucose and starch), from carbon dioxide and water, by using light energy and release oxygen as a by-product.

(b) Thylakoids — Closely packed flattened sacs arranged in piles in the interior of chloroplasts are called Thylakoids.

(c) Chloroplast — Chloroplasts are minute oval bodies bounded by a double membrane which contains Thylakoids arranged in piles called Grana lying in a colourless ground substance called Stroma.

(d) Photolysis of water — Photolysis of water is defined as the splitting of H 2 O molecules into hydrogen ions and oxygen in the presence of light.

(e) Polymerisation — Polymerisation is the process in which several glucose molecules are transformed to produce one molecule of starch.

Given below is the figure of an experimental set-up, showing a physiological act of the plants. Study and answer the following questions.

(a) What is the objective of this experiment ?

(b) Name and define the process shown here.

(c) Why do we destarch the leaves before performing the experiment ?

(d) How do we destarch the leaves ?

(e) What will be the observation when we pour iodine solution over the bleached experimental leaf.

(f) Write a well-balanced equation of the above process.

(a) The objective of given experiment is to show that sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis.

(b) The process shown here is photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is the process by which living plant cells, containing chlorophyll, produce food substances (glucose and starch), from carbon dioxide and water, by using light energy and release oxygen as a by-product.

(c) We destarch the leaves before experiment in order to remove the starch from leaves so that occurence of photosynthesis can be detected.

(d) To destarch the leaves the plant is kept in dark for 24-48 hours. This stops photosynthesis in the plant. During this time the starch already present in the leaves is translocated to storage organ of the plant fom the leaves.

(e) When we pour iodine solution over the bleached experimental leaf the area where starch is present turns blue.

(f) The equation for photosynthesis is given below:

Give reasons/explain:

(a) It is necessary to place a plant in the dark before starting an experiment on photosynthesis.

(b) It is not possible to demonstrate respiration in a green plant kept in sunlight.

(c) Most leaves have the upper surface more green and shiny than the lower surface.

(d) During the starch test, the leaf is -

• boiled in water.
• boiled in methylated spirit.

(a) A plant used for experiments on photosynthesis should initially be placed in the dark for 24 to 48 hours to destarch the leaves. During this period, all the starch will be removed from the leaves and stored in the storage organs. The leaves will not show the presence of starch. So the various experiments on photosynthesis can be carried out effectively.

(b) If a green plant is kept in bright light, it tends to use up all the CO 2 produced during respiration, for photosynthesis. Thus, the release of CO 2 cannot be demonstrated. Hence, it is difficult to demonstrate respiration as these two processes occur simultaneously.

(c) Due to more amount of chlorophyll on the upper surface more light is trapped. The chloroplasts are concentrated in the upper layers of the leaf which helps cells to trap the sunlight quickly. The upper surface is more green and shiny because it has a waxy coating to prevent loss of water due to evaporation.

(d) During the starch test,

• The leaf is boiled in water to kill the cells.
• The leaf is boiled in methylated spirit till it becomes pale-white due to the removal of chlorophyll. The leaf now becomes hard and brittle.

Distinguish between the following pairs on the basis of words indicated in the brackets ( )

(a) Light reaction and Dark reaction (end products)

(b) Producers and Consumers (organisms)

(c) Grass and Grasshopper (mode of nutrition)

(d) Stoma and Stroma (structure)

(a) Differences between light reaction and dark reaction (end products) —

(b) Differences between producers and consumers (organisms) —

(c) Differences between grass and grasshopper (mode of nutrition) —

(d) Differences between stoma and stroma (structure) —

How would you demonstrate that green plants release oxygen when exposed to light?

• Place some water plants (Elodea or Hydrilla) in a beaker containing pond water and cover them by a short-stemmed funnel.
• Invert a test-tube full of water over the stem of the funnel. (Ensure that the level of water in the beaker is above the level of stem of the inverted funnel).
• Place the apparatus in the sun for a few hours. Bubbles of the gas will collect in the test-tube.
• Test the gas in the test-tube. A glowing splinter bursts into flame which shows the presence of oxygen.

Describe the main chemical changes which occur during photosynthesis in

Light reaction

Dark reaction

The light reaction occurs in two main steps:

Step 1 — Activation of chlorophyll The chlorophyll on exposure to light energy becomes activated by absorbing photons.

Step 2 — Splitting of Water The absorbed energy is used in splitting the water molecule (H 2 O) into its two components (Hydrogen and Oxygen) and releasing electrons.

2 H 2 O ⟶ energy of 4 photons 4 H + + 4 e − + O 2 2 H_2O \overset{\text{energy of 4 photons}}{\longrightarrow} 4H^+ + 4e^- + O_2 2 H 2 ​ O ⟶ energy of 4 photons ​ 4 H + + 4 e − + O 2 ​

This reaction is known as photolysis of water.

End result of the products of photolysis The hydrogen ions (H + ) are picked up by a compound NADP (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) to form NADPH.

N A D P + + e − + H + ⟶ enzyme N A D P H NADP^+ + e^- + H ^+ \overset{\text{enzyme}}{\longrightarrow} NADPH N A D P + + e − + H + ⟶ enzyme ​ N A D P H

The oxygen (O) component is given out as molecular oxygen (O 2 ).

2 O ⟶ O 2 2O \longrightarrow O_2 2 O ⟶ O 2 ​

The electrons (e - ) are used in converting ADP (adenosine diphosphate) into energy rich compound ATP (adenosine triphosphate) by adding one phosphate group P i (inorganic phosphate).

A D P + P i  (inorganic phosphate) ⟶ A T P ADP + P_i \text{ (inorganic phosphate)} \longrightarrow ATP A D P + P i ​  (inorganic phosphate) ⟶ A TP

This process is called photophosphorylation.

The reactions in this phase do not require light energy and occur simultaneously with the light reaction. The time gap between the light and dark reaction is less than one thousandth of a second. In the dark reaction, ATP and NADPH molecules (produced during light reaction) are used to produce glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) from carbon dioxide. Fixation and reduction of carbon dioxide occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast through a series of reactions. The glucose produced is either immediately used up by the cells or stored in the form of starch.

Below is the summary of events in Light reaction and Light independent reactions of photosynthesis:

Structured / Application / Skill Type

Given below is a schematic diagram to illustrate some aspects of photosynthesis.

(a) Fill up the gaps, in blank spaces (1-4), by writing the names of the correct items.

(b) What phenomenon do the thick arrows A and B indicate?

(a) Blank spaces (1-4) are labelled below:

• 1 → Sunlight
• 3 → Glucose

(b) Phenomena represented by thick arrows A and B are:

• A → Transpiration
• B → Translocation

Given below is the representation of a certain phenomenon in nature with four organisms 1-4.

(a) Name the phenomenon represented.

(b) Name any one organism that could be shown at No .5

(c) Name the biological process which was the starting point of the whole chain.

(d) Name one natural element which all the organisms 2-4 and even 5 are getting from No. 1 for their survival.

(a) Food chain

(b) Hawk, Eagle

(c) Photosynthesis

A potted plant with variegated leaves was taken in order to prove a factor necessary for photosynthesis. The potted plant was kept in the dark for 24 hours and then placed in bright sunlight for a few hours. Observe the diagram and answer the questions:

(a) What aspect of photosynthesis is being tested in the above diagram?

(b) Why was the plant placed in the dark before beginning the experiment?

(c) Write a balanced chemical equation to represent the process of photosynthesis.

(d) What will be the result of starch test when performed on leaf A shown in the diagram?

(e) Draw a neat and labelled diagram of a chloroplast.

(a) The above experiment is conducted to show that chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis.

(b) The plant was placed in the dark before beginning the experiment to destarch the leaves.

(c) Balanced chemical equation representing the process of photosynthesis is given below:

(d) After the starch test on leaf A, only the green parts of the leaf turn bluish, showing the presence of starch.

(e) Below diagram shows Chloroplast with its different parts labelled:

Given below is the diagram of an experimental set-up:

a. What is the objective of this experiment?

b. Will it work satisfactorily? Given reason.

c. What alteration (s) will you make in it for obtaining expected result?

d. Would you take any step before starting the experiment? Describe this step and explain its necessity.

(a) The objective is to prove that carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis.

(b) No, the experiment will not work satisfactorily because, the beaker contains lime water which does not absorb CO 2

(c) To obtain expected result replace the lime water from potassium hydroxide because it absorbs carbon dioxide.

(d) Before starting the experiment, it is necessary to destarch the leaves of the plant by keeping the plant in complete darkness for 48 hours. This is because if the plant is not destarched, then the experiment will give false results because starch stored previously may be detected in the leaf placed in the beaker even if no starch is produced during the experiment.

Draw a neat diagram of the stomatal apparatus found in the epidermis of leaves and label the Stoma, Guard cells, Chloroplast, Epidermal cells, Cell wall and Nucleus.

Below diagram shows the stomatal apparatus found in the epidermis of leaves with all the different parts labelled:

Given below is the diagram of an experimental set-up (final stage). Study the same and answer the following questions :

(a) What is the main aim of the experiment?

(b) Oxygen gas shown in the experiment is released from which of the raw materials ?

(c) How would you confirm the presence of oxygen gas?

(d) Name the chemical substance which can be added in water to enhance the process/rate of release of oxygen gas.

(e) Draw a neat and labelled diagram of the same experiment for its initial stage.

(a) The main aim of the experiment is to show that oxygen is produced during photosynthesis.

(b) Oxygen is released from Water (H 2 O).

(c) The gas present in the test tube makes a glowing splinter bursts into flames. This shows the presence of oxygen.

(d) Sodium Bicarbonate

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NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science

Ncert solutions for class 10 science updated for 2023-24 free pdf.

NCERT Solutions Science Class 10 contains very important information that helps the students understand the complex topics and helps them in preparation for the Class 10 board examination. Studying the answers to the questions in the textbook will ensure your understanding of a particular topic and help you determine your strengths and weaknesses. These NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science are prepared by our subject experts in such a way that the students understand all the topics covered in the syllabus of CBSE 10 Science quite effectively.

Access NCERT Solutions of Class 10 Science all chapters in PDF

The following chapters have been removed from the NCERT Class 10 Science textbook 2023-24. Periodic Classification Of Elements Sources of Energy Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

The Solutions of NCERT Books also helps students to understand the topic thoroughly, which is very important not just from the point of view of the Class 10 examination. Better understanding lays a great foundation for their future studies. Quite often,  questions from textbooks are also asked in competitive examinations. We have covered both in-text and exercise questions in detail.

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Book All Chapters Brief:

Chapter 1 – chemical reactions and equations.

The first chapter of Class 10 NCERT Science will teach the students about chemical reactions and how to write equations, how to conduct combination and decomposition reactions and more. In the previous classes, we have learned about physical and chemical changes in matter. Whenever a chemical change occurs, we can say that a chemical reaction has taken place. A complete chemical reaction represents the reactants, products and their physical states symbolically. Students will also study how to write a chemical reaction , which is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. The chapter also explains how various chemical equations can be balanced in different states.

The next subtopic teaches various chemical reactions such as Combination Reaction, Decomposition reaction, Displacement Reaction, and Double Displacement Reaction along with various examples and chemical reactions. On the basis of energy, exothermic and endothermic reactions are explained. Exothermic reactions are those reactions in which heat is given out along with the products, and endothermic reactions are those reactions in which energy is absorbed. Then redox reaction is explained, which is a combination of reduction reaction and oxidation reaction. The chapter explains all types of reactions with suitable examples with their respective chemical equations.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations :

Chemical reactions: Chemical equation, Balanced chemical equation, implications of a balanced chemical equation, types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, endothermic exothermic reactions, oxidation and reduction.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations, at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Science Notes For Class 10 Chapter 1
• Important Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 – Chemical Reactions And Equations
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 1 – Chemical Reactions And Equations

Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 2 is all about acids, bases and salts . In previous classes, students have learned that the sour and bitter tastes of food are due to acids and bases, respectively, present in them. We all know that acids are sour in taste and change the colour of blue litmus to red, whereas, bases are bitter and change the colour of the red litmus to blue. In this chapter, we will study the reactions of acids and bases, how acids and bases cancel out each other’s effects and many more interesting things that we use in our day-to-day life. Students will get to understand the chemical properties of acids and bases, how acids and bases react with metals, how  metal carbonates and metal hydrogen carbonates react with acids, how acids and bases react with each other, reaction of metallic oxides with acids and reaction of a non-metallic oxide with base explained with suitable examples and various chemical reactions.

The chapter then explains what all acids and bases have in common with a suitable example which gives the conclusion that acid solution in water conducts electricity. Students get to learn various experiments on what happens to acid or a base in a water solution and how strong are acid or base solutions by making use of universal indication. Along with it, students will get to learn about the importance of pH in everyday life. The chapter ends with a detailed explanation of salt preparation, properties and its uses.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts :

Acids, bases and salts: Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH– ions, General properties, examples and uses, neutralization, concept of pH scale (Definition relating to logarithm not required), importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of Sodium Hydroxide, Bleaching powder, Baking soda, Washing soda and Plaster of Paris.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts at BYJU’S:

• Acids, Bases and Salts Class 10 Chapter 2 Notes
• Chapter 2 -Acids, Bases and Salts
• Revision Notes For Class 10 Science Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 2 – Acids Bases And Salts

Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-metals

In previous classes, students must have learned about various elements that can be classified as metals or non-metals on the basis of their properties. Here in Chapter 3 of Class 10 Science, students will learn about the physical properties of metals and non-metals . Metals are lustrous, malleable, ductile and are good conductors of heat and electricity. They are solid at room temperature, except mercury which is a liquid. The physical properties of metals are explained on various parameters such as ductility, malleability, tensile nature, strength, etc. On the basis of physical properties, metals and non-metals are differentiated. Some of the examples of non-metals are carbon, sulphur, iodine, oxygen, hydrogen, etc. The non-metals are either solids or gases except bromine which is a liquid. Under the subtopic chemical properties of metals, chemical reactions are discussed with oxygen gas, water, acids and other metal salts. The reactions and conditions depend on the reactivity series. The reactivity series tops potassium as the most reactive and gold as the least reactive.

The compounds formed in this manner by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal are known as ionic compounds or electrovalent compounds. Some of the general properties for ionic compounds are physical nature, melting and boiling points, solubility and conduction of electricity. Metal is extracted from its ore and then refining them for use is known as metallurgy. Metals are refined by using the method of electrolytic refining. The end topic explains corrosion and how it can be prevented.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals :

Metals and nonmetals: Properties of metals and non-metals; Reactivity series; Formation and properties of ionic compounds; Basic metallurgical processes; Corrosion and its prevention.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals, at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals Notes
• Revision Notes For Class 10 Science Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-metals
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 3 – Metals And Non Metals

Chapter 4 – Carbon and its Compounds

In the previous chapter, we discussed compounds of importance to us. In this chapter, we will study some more interesting compounds and their properties. Also, we shall be learning about carbon, an element which is of immense significance to us in both its elemental form and in the combined form. Carbon is a versatile element that forms the basis for all living organisms and many of the things we use. Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms so that both can achieve a completely filled outermost shell. Carbon forms covalent bonds with itself and other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen and chlorine. Organic compounds are categorized into saturated and unsaturated carbon compounds. Saturated compounds are compounds with only a single bond. Unsaturated carbon compounds are compounds with a double or triple bond. The saturated compounds of carbon and hydrogen are methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane and hexane.

The chapter also explains some of the chemical properties of carbon and its compounds such as combustion, oxidation, addition reaction, substitution reaction. Ethanol and ethanoic acid are carbon compounds of importance in our daily lives. Soap and detergents are studied with their chemical structures and properties and their difference is also discussed. Detergents are usually used to make shampoos and products for cleaning clothes.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds :

Carbon compounds: Covalent bonding in carbon compounds. Versatile nature of carbon. Homologous series. Nomenclature of carbon compounds containing functional groups (halogens, alcohol, ketones, aldehydes, alkanes and alkynes), difference between saturated hydro carbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Chemical properties of carbon compounds (combustion, oxidation, addition and substitution reaction). Ethanol and Ethanoic acid (only properties and uses), soaps and detergents.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds Notes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 4 – Carbon And Its Compounds

Chapter 5 – Periodic Classification of Elements

In Standard 9 we have learned that matter around us is present in the form of elements, compounds and mixtures, and the elements contain atoms of only one type. The early attempts at the classification of elements resulted in grouping the then-known elements as metals and non-metals. Dobereiner grouped the elements into triads and Newlands gave the Law of Octaves. Mendeleev arranged the elements in increasing order of their atomic masses and according to their chemical properties. He even predicted the existence of some yet-to-be-discovered elements on the basis of gaps in his Periodic table. The modern periodic table came into existence. Mendeleev’s Periodic Law was modified, and the atomic number was adopted as the basis of the Modern Periodic Table and the Modern Periodic Law can be stated as follows: ‘Properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic number’.

In this chapter, Periodic Classification of Elements, elements in the Modern Periodic Table are arranged in 18 vertical columns called groups and 7 horizontal rows called periods. Elements thus arranged show periodicity of properties including atomic size, valency or combining capacity and metallic and non-metallic character. The valency of an element is determined by the number of valence electrons present in the outermost shell of its atom. The term atomic size refers to the radius of an atom.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements Notes
• Revision Notes For Class 10 Science Chapter 5 – Periodic Classification of Elements
• Chapter 5 – Periodic Classification of Elements
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 5 – Periodic Classification Of Elements

Chapter 6 – Life Processes

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 6 explains Life Processes . There are six life processes that all living organisms perform. They are movement, respiration, growth, reproduction, excretion and nutrition. The chapter also teaches about nutrition which means the process of taking in food and using it for growth, metabolism and repair. Nutritional stages are ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, assimilation, and excretion. Nutrition is further divided into Autotrophic Nutrition and Heterotrophic Nutrition. Autotrophic nutrition involves the intake of simple inorganic materials from the environment and using an external energy source like the Sun to synthesize complex high-energy organic material. Heterotrophic nutrition involves the intake of complex material prepared by other organisms. Different types of heterotrophic nutrition are parasitic nutrition, saprophytic nutrition and holozoic nutrition. The next topic is nutrition in human beings. The various steps of nutrition are ingestion, digestion, Oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, bile, absorption, assimilation and egestion. The next subtopic is respiration in which the human respiratory system is explained beautifully. The different elements of the human respiratory system are lungs, bronchi, larynx, pharynx, etc. During the process of respiration, organic compounds such as glucose are broken down to provide energy in the form of ATP. ATP is used to provide energy for other reactions in the cell.

Respiration may be aerobic or anaerobic. Aerobic respiration makes more energy available to the organism. For plants, the soil is the nearest and richest source of raw materials like nitrogen, phosphorus and other minerals. In human beings, the transport of materials such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, food and excretory products is a function of the circulatory system. The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood and blood vessels. In highly differentiated plants, transport of water, minerals, food and other materials is a function of the vascular tissue which consists of xylem and phloem. In human beings, excretory products in the form of soluble nitrogen compounds are removed by the nephrons in the kidneys. Plants use a variety of techniques to get rid of waste material.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes :

Life processes: ‘Living Being’. Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals.

Also access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 6 Life Processes at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 6 Life Processes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 6 – Life Processes

Chapter 7 – Control and Coordination

Chapter 7 of Class 10 teaches about control and coordination , which are the functions of the nervous system and hormones in our bodies. The responses of the nervous system can be classified as a reflex action, voluntary action or involuntary action. The nervous system uses electrical impulses to transmit messages. It gets information from our sense organs and acts through our muscles. Chemical coordination is seen in both plants and animals. Hormones produced in one part of an organism move to another part to achieve the desired effect. A feedback mechanism regulates the action of the hormones.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination :

Control and co-ordination in animals and plants: Tropic movements in plants; Introduction of plant hormones; Control and co-ordination in animals: Nervous system; Voluntary, involuntary and reflex action; Chemical co-ordination: animal hormones.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 7 Control and Coordination at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination Notes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 7 – Control And Coordination

Chapter 8 – How do Organisms Reproduce

Unlike other life processes, reproduction is not essential to maintain the life of an individual organism. How do Organisms Reproduce chapter involves the creation of a DNA copy and additional cellular apparatus by the cell involved in the process. Depending on their body design, various organisms use different modes of reproduction. In fission, many bacteria and protozoa simply divide into two or more daughter cells. Organisms such as hydra can regenerate if they are broken into pieces. They can also give out buds which mature into new individuals. Roots, stems and leaves of some plants develop into new plants through vegetative propagation. These are examples of asexual reproduction where new generations are created from a single individual. Sexual reproduction involves two individuals for the creation of a new individual. DNA copying mechanisms create variations which are useful for ensuring the survival of the species. Modes of sexual reproduction allow for greater variation to be generated.

Reproduction in flowering plants involves the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma which is referred to as pollination. This is followed by fertilisation. Changes in the body during puberty, such as an increase in breast size in girls and new facial hair growth in boys, are signs of sexual maturation. The male reproductive system in human beings consists of testes which produce sperms, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, urethra and penis. The female reproductive system in human beings consists of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina. Sexual reproduction in human beings involves the introduction of sperm in the vagina of the female. Fertilisation occurs in the fallopian tube. Contraception to avoid pregnancy can be achieved by the use of condoms, oral pills, copper -T and other methods.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How Do Organisms Reproduce :

Reproduction: Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual) reproductive health – need and methods of family planning. Safe sex vs HIV/AIDS. Child bearing and women’s health.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How Do Organisms Reproduce Notes
• Chapter 8 -How do Organisms Reproduce?
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 8 – How Do Organisms Reproduce

Chapter 9 – Heredity And Evolution

In this chapter, we will learn about Heredity and Evolution . We have seen that reproductive processes give rise to new individuals that are similar, but subtly different. We have discussed how some amount of variation is produced even during asexual reproduction. The Rules for the Inheritance of Traits in human beings relate to the fact that both the father and the mother contribute practically equal amounts of genetic material to the child. This means that each trait can be influenced by both paternal and maternal DNA. Sex can be determined by different factors in various species. Changes in the non-reproductive tissues caused by environmental factors are not inheritable. Speciation may take place when the variation is combined with geographical isolation. Evolutionary relationships are traced in the classification of organisms. Tracing common ancestors back in time leads us to the idea that at some point in time, non-living material must have given rise to life.

Evolution can be worked out by the study of not just living species, but also fossils. Complex organs may have evolved because of the survival advantage of even the intermediate stages. Organs or features may be adapted to new functions during the course of evolution. Evolution cannot be said to progress from lower forms to higher forms. Rather, evolution seems to have given rise to more complex body designs even while the simpler body designs continue to flourish. Study of the evolution of human beings indicates that all of us belong to a single species that evolved in Africa and spread across the world in stages.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution :

Heredity and Evolution: Heredity; Mendel’s contribution – Laws for inheritance of traits: Sex determination: brief introduction: (topics excluded – evolution; evolution and classification and evolution should not be equated with progress).

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution, at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity And Evolution Notes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 9 – Heredity And Evolution

Chapter 10 – Light Reflection and Refraction

In  NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 10, we will study the phenomena of reflection and refraction of light using the straight-line propagation of light. These basic concepts will help us in the study of some of the optical phenomena in nature. The chapter also discusses the reflection of light by spherical mirrors and refraction of light and their application in real life. Light is a source of energy which generates a sensation of vision in human beings. Light seems to travel in straight lines. The different types of a spherical mirror, convex and concave are taught. The various terms related to spherical mirrors like the centre of curvature, the radius of curvature, etc., focus, pole, etc. are discussed with ray diagrams. Uses of a spherical mirror are also discussed in this chapter. Mirror formula gives the relationship between the object-distance, image-distance, and focal length of a spherical mirror. The focal length of a spherical mirror is equal to half its radius of curvature.

Refraction is the bending of a wave when it enters a medium where its speed is different. The refraction of light when it passes from a fast medium to a slow medium bends the light rays toward the normal to the boundary between the two media. The phenomena of refraction can be understood easily by the concepts of the refractive index and optical density. The refractive index of a transparent medium is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to that in the medium. In case of a rectangular glass slab, the refraction takes place at both the air-glass interface and glass-air interface. The emergent ray is parallel to the direction of the incident ray. Lens formula gives the relationship between the object-distance, image-distance, and the focal length of a spherical lens. Power of a lens is the reciprocal of its focal length. The SI unit of power of a lens is dioptre.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction :

Reflection of light by curved surfaces; Images formed by spherical mirrors, centre of curvature, principal axis, principal focus, focal length, mirror formula (Derivation not required),magnification. Refraction; Laws of refraction, refractive index. Refraction of light by spherical lens; Image formed by spherical lenses; Lens formula(Derivation not required); Magnification. Power of a lens.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 10 Light – Reflection and Refraction Notes
• Chapter 10 -Light: Reflection and Refraction
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 10 – Light Reflection And Refraction

Chapter 11 – The Human Eye and Colorful World

In the previous chapter, we learnt about light and some of its properties. In this chapter, we will study some of the optical phenomena in nature. The chapter also discusses the rainbow formation, splitting of white light and blue colour of the sky. The human eye is one of the most valuable and sensitive sense organs. It enables us to see the wonderful world and the colours around us. The ability of the eye to focus on both near and distant objects, by adjusting its focal length, is called the accommodation of the eye. The smallest distance, at which the eye can see objects clearly without strain, is called the near point of the eye or the least distance of distinct vision. For a young adult with normal vision, it is about 25cm. The common refractive defects of vision include myopia, hypermetropia and presbyopia. Myopia, short-sightedness-the image of distant objects is focused before the retina is corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power. Hypermetropia (far-sightedness-the image of nearby objects is focussed beyond the retina) is corrected by using a convex lens of suitable power. The eye loses its power of accommodation at old age. The splitting of white light into its component colours is called dispersion. Scattering of light causes the blue colour of the sky and the reddening of the Sun at sunrise and sunset.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 11 The Human Eye and Colorful World :

Functioning of a lens in human eye, defects of vision and their corrections, applications of spherical mirrors and lenses. Refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of light, scattering of light, applications in daily life (excluding colour of the sun at sunrise and sunset).

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 11 The Human Eye and Colorful World, at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 11 The Human Eye and the Colourful World Notes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 11 – Human Eye And Colourful World

Chapter 12 – Electricity

Electricity has an important place in modern society. It is a controllable and convenient form of energy for a variety of uses in homes, schools, hospitals, industries and so on. It is a phenomenon related to the flow of charge. A stream of electrons moving through a conductor constitutes an electric current. Conventionally, the direction of current is taken opposite to the direction of flow of electrons. The SI unit of electric current is ampere. To set the electrons in motion in an electric circuit, we use a cell or a battery. A cell generates a potential difference across its terminals. It is measured in volts (V). Resistance is a property that resists the flow of electrons in a conductor. It controls the magnitude of the current. The SI unit of resistance is Ohm. Ohm’s law: the potential difference across the ends of a resistor is directly proportional to the current through it, provided its temperature remains the same. The resistance of a conductor depends directly on its length, inversely on its areas of cross-section, and also on the material of the conductor. The equivalent resistance of several resistors in series is equal to the sum of their individual resistances. The electrical energy dissipated in a resistor is given by W=V x I x t. The unit of power is watt (W). One watt of power is consumed when 1 A of current flows at a potential difference of 1 V. The commercial unit of electrical energy is kilowatt-hour (kWh). 1kW h = 3,6000,000 J = 3.6 x 10 6 J.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Electricity :

Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance, Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating effect of electric current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation between P, V, I and R.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 12 Electricity at BYJU’S:

• Electricity Class 10 Notes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 12 – Electricity

Chapter 13 – Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

In this chapter, students will study magnetic fields and such electromagnetic effects, along with electromagnets and electric motors, which involve the magnetic effect of electric current, and electric generators, which involve the electric effect of moving magnets. A compass needle is a small magnet. Its one end, which points towards the north, is called a north pole, and the other hand, which points towards the south, is called a south pole. A magnetic field exists in the region surrounding a magnet in which the force of the magnet can be detected. Field lines are used to represent a magnetic field. A field line is a path along which a hypothetical free north pole would tend to move. The direction of the magnetic field at a point is given by the direction that a north pole placed at that point would take. Field lines are shown closer together where the magnetic field is greater. A metallic wire carrying an electric current has associated with it a magnetic field. The field lines about the wire consist of a series of concentric circles whose direction is given by the right-hand rule. The pattern of the magnetic field around a conductor due to an electric current flowing through it depends on the shape of the conductor. The magnetic field of a solenoid carrying a current is similar to that of a bar magnet. An electromagnet consists of a core of soft iron wrapped around a coil of insulated copper wire. A current-carrying conductor, when placed in a magnetic field, experiences a force. If the direction of the field and that of the current are mutually perpendicular to each other, then the force acting on the conductor will be perpendicular to both and will be given by Fleming’s left-hand rule. This is the basis of an electric motor. An electric motor is a device that converts electric energy into mechanical energy.

The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction is the production of induced current in a coil placed in a region where the magnetic field changes with time. The magnetic field may change due to relative motion between the coil and a magnet placed near to the coil. If the coil is placed near a current-carrying conductor, the magnetic field may change either due to a change in the current through the conductor or due to the relative motion between the coil and conductor, the magnetic field may change either due to a change in the current through the conductor or due to the relative motion between the coil and the conductor. The direction of the induced current is given by Fleming’s right-hand rule. A generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It works on the basis of electromagnetic induction. There are 2 types of generator AC and DC generator. Fuse is the most important safety device, used for protecting the circuits due to short-circuiting or overloading of the circuits.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current:

Magnetic effects of current: Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current carrying conductor, field due to current carrying coil or solenoid; Force on current carrying conductor, Fleming’s Left Hand Rule, Direct current. Alternating current: frequency of AC. Advantage of AC over DC. Domestic electric circuits.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current Notes
• Revision Notes For Class 10 Science Chapter 13 – Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 13 – Magnetic Effects Of Electric Current

Chapter 14 – Sources of Energy

Our energy requirements increase with our standard of living. In order to fulfil our energy requirements, we try to improve the efficiency of energy usage and also try and exploit new sources of energy. The chapter discusses different sources of energy, and they are conventional sources of energy, which we keep on using for many years. It includes fossil fuels, thermal power plants and hydropower plants. The advantages and disadvantages are also discussed. After those improvements in the technology for using conventional sources of energy is also discussed such as Biomass and wind energy. Next, students will study the topic of alternative or non-conventional energy resources. It includes solar energy, in which energy is generated through the solar cell and solar panel. Energy can be generated from the sea, such as Tidal energy, wave energy and ocean thermal energy. Energy can also be generated from the earth’s crust, known as geothermal energy . Nuclear energy is energy in the nucleus (core) of an atom. The energy source we select would depend on factors like the ease and cost of extracting energy from the source, the efficiency of the technology available for using that source of energy and the environmental impact of using that source. Many of the sources ultimately derive their energy from the Sun. All the topics are explained with the advantages and disadvantages of it.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 14 Sources of Energy at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 14 Sources of Energy Notes
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 14 – Sources Of Energy

Chapter 15 – Our Environment

This chapter discusses how various components in the environment interact with each other and how we impact the environment. The various components of an ecosystem are interdependent. The producers make the energy from sunlight available to the rest of the ecosystem. There is a loss of energy as we go from one trophic level to the next, this limits the number of trophic levels in a food chain. The food-chain is explained in detail with examples according to nature, such as in the forest, in grassland and in the pond. Human activities have an impact on the environment. The use of chemicals like CFCs has endangered the ozone layer. Since the ozone layer protects against the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun, this could damage the environment. The waste we generate may be biodegradable or non-biodegradable . The disposal of the waste we generate is causing serious environmental problems.

Topics Covered in Class 10 Science Chapter 15 Our Environment :

Our environment: Eco-system, Environmental problems, Ozone depletion, waste production and their solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 15 Our Environment at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Chapter 15 Our Environment Notes
• Revision Notes For Class 10 Science Chapter 15 – Our Environment
• Chapter 15 -Our Environment
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 15 – Our Environment

Chapter 16 – Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

In the previous class, we have learned about some natural resources like soil, air and water and how various components are cycled over and over again in nature. In this chapter, we will look at some of our resources and how we are using them. Our resources, like forests, wildlife, water, coal and petroleum, need to be used in a sustainable manner. We can reduce pressure on the environment by sincerely applying the maxim of ‘Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose and Recycle’ in our lives. Management of forest resources has to take into account the interests of various stakeholders. The harnessing of water resources by building dams has social, economic and environmental implications. Alternatives to large dams exist. These are locale-specific and may be developed so as to give local people control over their local resources. The fossil fuels, coal and petroleum, will ultimately be exhausted. Owing to this and because their combustion pollutes our environment, we need to use these resources judiciously.

Also, access the following resources for Class 10 Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources at BYJU’S:

• CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Notes
• Revision Notes For Class 10 Science Chapter 16 – Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 16 – Management Of Natural Resources

CBSE Class 10 Science Evaluation Scheme (Theory) –

How NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science is helpful while preparing for the exam?

Class 10 Science is an important subject for those students who want to pursue their future studies in this field. To score good marks in this subject, students need to follow the NCERT textbook of Class 10 Science and should be thorough with it. For each chapter, there will be exercise questions for practice which students need to write after they finish completing each topic. It will help them to revise the topics and get to know how much they have understood the concepts. After completing the exercise question, they can refer to the NCERT Solutions of Class 10 Science to cross-check whether they answered all the questions correctly. These solutions work as a guide for the students so that they don’t repeat the mistakes and make sure they answer all the questions correctly.

Preparing for the Class 10 exam needs a lot of attention and commitment as it is considered the turning point of the educational journey. Students need to have an overall understanding of individual chapters, and the process of it demands hard work towards studies and an effective approach to getting through the solutions. A significant role is played by Class 10 NCERT Science Solutions, which helps them to prepare effectively for their Class 10 board exams.

These solutions are based on the CBSE syllabus of Class 10 Science, which provides solutions to all the exercise questions of each chapter mentioned in the NCERT textbook of Class 10 Science. By referring to the solutions, students get to know which topic to focus more upon which will help students to learn faster. Students must know the right technique to answer all the questions given in the NCERT textbook of Class 10 Science . So, in order to help them prepare for their exams, we have provided all the chapter-wise NCERT Solutions. Students can also refer to the NCERT Workbook Solutions Class 10 Science for their further preparation.

Features of NCERT Class 10 Science Solutions

NCERT Science Solutions Class 10 is the best resource study material for students as it delivers a wide range of solutions to all the NCERT questions in the syllabus. It gives detailed solutions to the three dimensions of science, which are Physics, Chemistry and Biology. With the help of the solutions, students can instantly solve their doubts. These solutions are designed as per the NCERT curriculum to help students prepare for their Class 10 board exam. Some of the features of NCERT Solutions of Class 10 Science  are mentioned below:

• The solutions are solved in easy-to-understand language so that students don’t get confused while referring to them.
• The answers are explained elaborately for all the exercise questions mentioned in each chapter.
• Solving these solutions will help students to solve the sample papers as well as the previous year question papers.
• It boosts the student’s confidence level and also helps them work on their weak points.
• All the answers are explained with proper diagrams related to the question.

Other NCERT Resources for Class 10 Science

Students of Class 10 should refer to other study materials like NCERT Class 10 Science Exemplar, NCERT Class 10 Science textbook, and NCERT Class 10 Science Syllabus besides studying from NCERT Class 10 Science Solutions. These study materials are also prepared as per the CBSE Class 10 science syllabus and help them while preparing for the board exams. Students can refer to these study materials after they complete the entire syllabus, which will help in quick revision before the exam.

Below we have provided the links of the other NCERT Resources for Class 10 Science to help you prepare effectively for the Class 10 board exam.

Download NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Book APP

Students of Class 10 can download the NCERT Class 10 chapter-wise Science solutions from the BYJU’S app, which will help them while preparing for their exam. Apart from the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 , students can also utilize the BYJU’S App for other study materials such as previous year question papers, syllabus, important questions, etc. The BYJU’S App will make your learning easier as you can access it from anywhere you want, by downloading it on your smart device. The solutions of NCERT Class 10 Science are prepared by our highly experienced subject experts, as per the latest CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus.

Frequently Asked Questions on NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science

What are the chapters present in the ncert solutions for class 10 science , will the questions in the board exam appear from ncert solutions for class 10 science , is the ncert solutions for class 10 science pdfs enough to score well in the board exam, which are the important chapters in the ncert solutions for class 10 science , leave a comment cancel reply.

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Class 10 Assignment 6th Week 2022 Answer (Science, Commerce, Arts)

Class 10 Assignment 6th Week 2022 answer all subjects is available (Science, Biology, Bangladesh Global Studies, Civics and Finance). Today DSHE Published 6th week assignment question already completed the up to 5th-week assignment, and the 6th Week Class 10 answer is now available for all students. Students also download PDF Class 10 5th Week Assignment Question with solution.

Now we are providing Class 10 6th week assignment solution for Science, Commerce and Arts group all subejct. You know this well that the directorate of secondary and higher education every week publishes a part of the subjects’ Assignment.

Table of Contents

Class 10 6th Week Assignment 2022

In each every week released after one week to complete the Assignment and submit to the institute. The trending 6th-week Assignment was launched on 7 March 2022, and the last date of submission next week.

Class 10 Assignment 6th Week Answer

Many students and also their Guardians are looking for Science Assignment Solutions at Online. They are searching for the 6th week Assignment Solution on Social Media Website like Facebook and resultbd24.com. So We are now ready to give you Class 10 6th Assignment Answer 2022 all weeks.

Class 10 Science 6th Week Assignment Answer

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Class 10 Civics 6th Week Assignment Answer

Class 10 Civics, Bangladesh Global Studies Assignment Answer & Solution is published on our Website. All Students, Class Teacher and Guardian can check the Answer Sheet of Students by matching to this Assignment Answer.

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Many other Subjects are available on Class Nine. So, you can find out All Subject Assignment Syllabus and Answer on the same place. See Assignment Class nine Syllabus details on www.dshe.gov.bd .