This study found a significant reduction in mortality and morbidity among patients who took their once-daily antihypertensive medications at bedtime instead of on awakening in the morning. Although there was no significant difference in adherence rates between bedtime and morning ingestion times in this study, individual experiences may differ in clinical practice.
How we measure blood pressure continues to be a subject of research. The next POEM was a meta-analysis of 31 studies, which included a total of 9,279 patients and compared automated in-office blood pressure readings with in-office manual measurements or ambulatory automated recordings during waking hours (the reference standard). 6 Automated in-office measurements were performed without anyone present to activate the machine and used three to five readings separated by one- to two-minutes. Ambulatory automated measurements were 13.4/5.9 mm Hg lower than the manual in-office measurements and were similar to the in-office automated measurements. To avoid starting or intensifying antihypertensive medication unnecessarily, it is critical to measure blood pressure using an automated device. Patients should also bring in their home device so that it can be calibrated with the office device.
Behavioral medicine POEMs are summarized in Table 2 . 7 – 9 The first POEM in this group was a well-executed network meta-analysis of medical therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. 7 A network meta-analysis includes studies comparing drugs with each other and with placebo, allowing for direct and indirect comparisons. The meta-analysis included 89 studies involving 25,000 patients and 22 different drugs; none of the studies were longer than 26 weeks. After excluding drugs that were poorly tolerated such as quetiapine (Seroquel), paroxetine (Paxil), and benzodiazepines, the most effective commercially available drugs overall were, in order of effectiveness, bupropion (Wellbutrin), duloxetine (Cymbalta), mirtazapine (Remeron), hydroxyzine, sertraline (Zoloft), pregabalin (Lyrica), venlafaxine, escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac), buspirone (Buspar), and citalopram (Celexa). Drugs that did not significantly decrease anxiety scores included imipramine, maprotiline, opipramol (not available in the United States), tiagabine (Gabitril), vilazodone (Viibryd), and vortioxetine (Trintellix). The drugs with the best combination of effectiveness and tolerability were duloxetine, pregabalin, venlafaxine, and escitalopram.
3. Which medications are effective in treating patients with generalized anxiety disorder? | . In this network meta-analysis, the drugs that had the best combination of effectiveness and tolerability in patients with generalized anxiety disorder were duloxetine (Cymbalta), pregabalin (Lyrica), venlafaxine, and escitalopram (Lexapro). Quetiapine (Seroquel), paroxetine (Paxil), and benzodiazepines were effective but poorly tolerated. |
4. How often do patients fail to disclose their symptoms during a visit to their primary care physician? | . Symptoms that are not often disclosed include those that patients may consider to be sensitive, such as anxiety, depression, and sexual or interpersonal problems. It is important that primary care physicians remain aware of this, look for cues, and make sure patients know they have permission and a safe space to discuss these issues. |
5. Does a lack of early symptom improvement in patients treated for depression predict treatment failure? | . Response to treatment within the first two weeks predicts eventual response or remission, but a lack of early response does not predict treatment failure. Approximately one-third of patients who do not show an early response will respond by six weeks. No individual symptom response predicts eventual improvement. |
The next POEM included videotaped encounters between 252 patients and 15 English primary care physicians. 8 Patients were asked about the main reason for their visit beforehand, and this reason was almost always addressed during the visit. However, of the 139 patients who identified at least one symptom in the previsit interview, 43 failed to disclose a total of 67 symptoms during the visit, most often stress, worries or sadness; tiredness or sleep problems; problems passing urine; headache; and intimate or other personal problems. Although physicians cannot ask every patient about all of their problems during a visit, it is important to know that patients may not fully disclose symptoms. Physicians should make patients feel as safe as possible while looking for cues to undisclosed symptoms, and routinely asking, “Is there anything else I can help you with?”
The last POEM in the behavioral medicine group was an individual patient data meta-analysis of how early treatment response impacts later outcomes in patients with depression. 9 The researchers combined the individual patient data from 30 randomized trials, with 2,184 patients receiving placebo and 6,058 receiving active therapy. After six weeks of treatment, about 50% of patients in the active treatment group responded to treatment, with 32% achieving remission of symptoms. Response was defined as at least a 50% reduction in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score, and remission was defined as a score of 7 points or less. By 12 weeks, the response rate was 68% in the active treatment group, with 49% achieving remission. Patients with improvement at two weeks were more likely to respond by six weeks, whereas among patients without early improvement, 33% responded by six weeks and 43% by 12 weeks. The absence of an early response does not preclude later response; therefore, physicians should not be too quick to change antidepressant medications.
Cardiovascular medicine POEMs are summarized in Table 3 . 10 – 14 The first two POEMs in this group address statin use. Many physicians and laboratory staff continue to insist that patients be fasting for lipid profile testing. The first POEM compared fasting and nonfasting lipid profiles in the same patients four weeks apart. 10 There was little difference between fasting and nonfasting measurements of low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and only a small increase in triglyceride levels (25 mg per dL [0.28 mmol per L]) with nonfasting measurements. Most importantly, the association between lipid levels and subsequent cardiovascular events was identical for fasting and nonfasting lipid measurements. Guidelines support nonfasting lipid measurements. 15 , 16 It is time to simplify our patients' lives and educate local laboratory staff, who often turn away patients who disclose that they are not fasting.
6. Are fasting lipid levels more predictive of cardiovascular outcomes than nonfasting lipid levels? | . Guidelines recommend checking lipid levels in nonfasting patients. This is easier on patients, and the study found that nonfasting and fasting levels are equally predictive of subsequent cardiovascular events. Although triglyceride levels may be slightly higher in nonfasting patients, cholesterol levels are similar in both groups. |
7. Are statins effective in patients older than 75 years? | . Statins are effective in preventing major coronary events in patients older than 75 years, but this effect is significant only in those with established cardiovascular disease. This is consistent with results from the ALLHAT trial, which also showed no benefit for primary prevention and additionally showed a trend toward harm in those older than 75 years. |
8. Does low-dose aspirin prevent cardiovascular events and cardiovascular-related death in otherwise healthy older people? | . Low-dose aspirin does not reduce the likelihood that these patients will experience a major cardiovascular event during nearly five years of follow-up. |
9. Does aspirin improve disability-free survival in otherwise healthy older people? | . In this landmark study of a contemporary population, in which risk factors such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension are more likely to be addressed, aspirin did not provide a benefit in terms of death, dementia, or disability in a largely white group of older patients. |
10. What are the benefits and harms of low-dose aspirin in adults with diabetes mellitus? | . The 7,740 patients taking low-dose aspirin experienced 51 fewer of the composite outcome of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal ischemic stroke; and trends toward 29 fewer transient ischemic attacks and 44 fewer revascularizations than patients taking placebo over a mean of 7.4 years. This is balanced by an additional 69 major bleeding episodes in patients taking aspirin during that period, with no effect on cardiovascular-related or all-cause deaths and no difference in the incidence of cancer. |
In the next POEM, data were pooled from 28 randomized trials of statins with more than 186,000 total patients. 11 This report focused on the 14,000 patients who were 75 years or older; the median follow-up was five years. There was only a small reduction in the composite outcome of MI and cardiovascular death among all patients (2.6% with statins vs. 3.0% with placebo; number needed to treat = 250 per year); the benefit was significant only in patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease. Statins had no effect on revascularization, stroke, cancer incidence, or cancer mortality.
This was a big year for aspirin studies. The next three POEMs, from two separate trials, examine the benefits and harms of aspirin therapy for primary prevention in contemporary populations. Prior studies that found a net benefit of aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer (mostly colorectal) all recruited patients before 2002. In more recent years, fewer patients smoke or have uncontrolled hypertension, more are taking a statin, and we have widespread colorectal cancer screening. In this context, does aspirin still have a role?
Two aspirin POEMs were from the ASPREE (Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly) trial, which included 19,114 adults 70 years and older in the United States and Australia (65 and older if black or Hispanic). Patients without known cardiovascular disease were randomized to aspirin, 100 mg, or placebo and were followed for a median of 4.7 years. The first POEM found no significant reduction in the likelihood of cardiovascular disease with aspirin, including fatal cardiovascular disease, fatal or nonfatal MI, and fatal or nonfatal ischemic stroke. However, they found a significant increase in major hemorrhages with aspirin. 12 The second POEM from the ASPREE trial found no difference between groups for disability-free survival, defined as a composite of death, dementia, or persistent physical disability. 13 A separate report from the ASPREE investigators (not one of the top 20 POEMs) found an increase in all-cause mortality with aspirin, primarily due to a significant increase in cancer-specific mortality (3.1% vs. 2.3%).
The third aspirin POEM was from the ASCEND (A Study of Cardiovascular Events in Diabetes) trial and included 15,480 adults 40 years and older with diabetes mellitus but no known cardiovascular disease. The patients were randomized to aspirin, 100 mg, or placebo and were followed for a median of 7.4 years. 14 There was a reduction in the composite of nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death with aspirin, but a corresponding increase in major hemorrhage with no effect on cardiovascular or all-cause mortality.
What do we tell our patients? A recent meta-analysis compared trials of aspirin therapy that recruited patients from 1978 to 2002 with four large trials that recruited patients since 2005. 17 The newer studies showed fewer cardiovascular benefits and no reduction in cancer incidence or mortality with aspirin as primary prevention. Based on a meta-analysis of the four most recent studies with a total of 61,604 patients, for every 1,200 patients taking aspirin instead of placebo for five years, there would be four fewer major cardiovascular events and three fewer ischemic strokes but eight more major hemorrhages, including three more intracranial hemorrhages. This study agrees with recent European guidelines that no longer recommend aspirin for primary prevention. 18 The 2016 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and 2019 American College of Cardiology guidelines recommend consideration of aspirin for primary prevention only in selected patients at high cardiovascular risk and low bleeding risk. 19 , 20 The USPSTF recommendation is currently being updated. 21
The three POEMs on cancer screening ( Table 4 ) address colorectal cancer. 22 – 24 Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is the recommended method for colorectal cancer screening in most countries that have screening programs and is the subject of the first two POEMs in this group. The first POEM is an Italian study that reported the diagnostic yield of five rounds of biennial FIT in persons 50 to 69 years of age submitting a single specimen. 22 The highest rates of detection occurred in the first round, as prevalent cancers were detected, and declined and then stabilized in later rounds. Over the 10-year study, about 25% of men and 18% of women had a positive test result requiring a follow-up colonoscopy. The cumulative rate was 6% for advanced adenoma and 0.85% for colorectal cancer, which are similar to findings in studies of colonoscopy in Italy and the United States. 25 , 26 These results mean we can have confidence in FIT as a screening test while we wait for the results of ongoing randomized trials of FIT vs. colonoscopy-based screening.
11. What is the yield of a screening program based on FIT every two years for 10 years? | . Over 10 years, the detection rates for colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas using FIT are similar to those seen in studies of screening colonoscopy. This is reassuring, but it does not prove that FIT reduces morbidity and mortality due to colorectal cancer as effectively as colonoscopy. Modeling concludes that a FIT-based screening program will result in one-half as many colonoscopies as a colonoscopy-based program, as well as a significant reduction in cost, burden, and harm of screening. |
12. Is modern FIT for occult blood in the stool less accurate in patients who are taking aspirin, an anticoagulant, or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug? | . The use of these drugs has no clinically important effects on the positive predictive value of FIT in a screening population. |
13. What is the risk of colorectal cancer in family members of patients with colorectal cancer? | . People with one first-degree relative (parent, sibling, or half sibling) or two second-degree relatives with colorectal cancer are at increased risk of developing the cancer over their lifetime when compared with the general population (6% vs. 4%). Having two or more siblings or a parent and sibling with colorectal cancer increases the risk to 9%. |
The second POEM about FIT was a meta-analysis evaluating the impact of aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and anticoagulants on the positive predictive value of the test. 23 It could theoretically go in either direction, increasing false positives by making noncancerous lesions more likely to bleed or increasing true positives by making cancers and adenomas more likely to bleed. The researchers found that the use of any of these medications had almost no effect on the positive predictive value, which was approximately 6% for colorectal cancer and 40% for advanced neoplasia. FIT requires only a single specimen and no dietary preparation, and now we know that patients undergoing FIT can continue to take medications that increase bleeding risk.
Finally, a study used a Swedish cancer registry with 173,796 patients to determine the impact of family history on the risk of colorectal cancer. 24 The relative risk of colorectal cancer using no affected relatives as the reference was 1.2 for a single second-degree relative with a history of colorectal cancer, 1.6 for a single first-degree relative or two second-degree relatives, 2.3 for one first-degree relative and one second-degree relative, 2.5 for two first-degree relatives, and 5.4 for one first-degree and two second-degree relatives. However, a previous study found that this family history–related risk is attenuated once patients reach 55 years of age. 27
POEMs on managing infections are summarized in Table 5 . 28 – 30 The first POEM is a meta-analysis of studies that recruited outpatients with acute respiratory tract infections who received chest radiography. 28 The goal was to identify the best sign, symptom, or combination that allows clinicians to rule out community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The researchers found that for patients with the combination of normal vital signs and normal lung examination findings, the likelihood of CAP is low at 0.4%. This could help reduce unnecessary chest radiography if applied consistently.
14. What signs and symptoms are most useful for excluding the diagnosis of pneumonia in community-dwelling adults with an acute respiratory infection? | . Community-dwelling adults who present as outpatients with symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection but normal vital signs and normal findings on a pulmonary examination have only a 0.4% likelihood of CAP. |
15. Can strep throat in children and adults be treated with five days of oral penicillin V? | . Five days of penicillin V, 800 mg four times per day, was not inferior to 10 days of penicillin V, 1,000 mg three times per day, with shorter symptom duration. This is not the first study to show similar benefits with a shorter duration of oral amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin), amoxicillin, or a cephalosporin. |
16. How long do colds last in children? | . Most respiratory illnesses in children are mild, do not require medical care, and do not result in school absences; however, symptoms can last up to three weeks. |
The second POEM in this group was selected as one of the top three research studies out of more than 400 presented at the 2019 North American Primary Care Research Group meeting. 29 This Swedish study included 422 adults and children presenting to a primary care physician with moderately severe streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat). Patients were randomized to penicillin V at a dosage of 800 mg four times a day for five days or 1,000 mg three times a day for 10 days. Those receiving the higher dose over a shorter course of treatment had similar cure rates as those receiving longer-duration therapy, with quicker symptom resolution and no increase in recurrence. Many other studies have found similar results with antibiotics for a range of infections.
An accurate prognosis can potentially help patients avoid unnecessary antibiotic use and return visits. The third POEM in this group recruited 485 healthy children in the United Kingdom, and parents were instructed to contact the researchers every time the child had a respiratory tract infection. 30 One-half of the children had at least one infection, with a median duration of nine days; 90% recovered by day 23. Lower respiratory tract infections were associated with a longer duration of symptoms and ear infections were associated with a shorter duration. This reinforces that clinicians should counsel parents of children with lower respiratory tract symptoms to be patient.
Four additional POEMs are summarized in Table 6 . 31 – 34 The first is a cohort study of more than 1.6 million Medicare beneficiaries who started an anticoagulant between 2011 and 2015. 31 Bleeding rates were compared, adjusting for available covariates using propensity score matching (i.e., matching patients who were similar other than choice of anticoagulant). The adjusted incidence of hospitalization for upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding was significantly higher in those who received rivaroxaban (Xarelto) compared with those who received dabigatran (Pradaxa), warfarin (Coumadin), or apixaban (Eliquis); 144 per 10,000 person-years vs. 120, 113, and 73, respectively). For all agents combined, adding a proton pump inhibitor significantly reduced bleeding risk (76 out of 10,000 per year vs. 115 out of 10,000 per year; number needed to treat = 256), although rivaroxaban still had the highest bleeding rate.
17. Which oral anticoagulants have the lowest risk of causing upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding, and does cotherapy with a PPI lower that risk? | . Among patients using oral anticoagulants alone, the risk of hospitalization for upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding is highest with rivaroxaban (Xarelto) and lowest with apixaban (Eliquis). Cotherapy with a PPI reduces the risk among patients using any oral anticoagulant. |
18. In patients with acute pain, does a higher dose of ibuprofen produce greater pain relief? | . Higher doses of ibuprofen for acute pain relief offer no more benefit at 60 minutes than a single 400-mg dose. The same has been shown for chronic treatment of osteoarthritis; an anti-inflammatory dose is not needed. Furthermore, another study showed equivalence between 200-mg and 400-mg doses of ibuprofen. |
19. Which herpes zoster vaccine is more effective? | . The adjuvant recombinant zoster vaccine (Shingrix) is much more effective than the live, attenuated vaccine (Zostavax). However, Shingrix is much more likely to cause injection site pain. Unlike the live vaccine, it requires two doses and—although not demonstrated in the trials—a few days of acute arm soreness might limit patients' enthusiasm for the required second dose, and both doses are required for an adequate immune response. |
20. In older patients, do exercise classes or a prescribed exercise regimen decrease the risk of falls, injuries, or more serious outcomes? | . Regular moderate-intensity exercise two to three times per week can decrease the overall likelihood of falls and resulting injuries in older patients but does not decrease the overall risk of hospitalization and does not decrease mortality. |
The next POEM identified 225 adults presenting to the emergency department with acute pain (mostly musculoskeletal); the average pain score was 6 to 7 out of 10. 32 They were then randomized to a single dose of 400-mg, 600-mg, or 800-mg ibuprofen. An hour after taking the medication, there was no difference between groups, which all had pain scores between 4.4 and 4.5.
The third POEM in this group is a meta-analysis of studies comparing two doses of the recombinant zoster vaccine (Shingrix) with one dose of the live, attenuated vaccine (Zostavax) for the prevention of shingles. 33 Shingrix was more effective but caused more systemic adverse events, although mild, and more injection site pain.
Finally, a systematic review identified 46 studies of the impact of exercise on fall risk in patients 59 years or older. 34 Most of the programs used moderate-intensity exercise, with about one hour of exercise three times per week. The researchers found that exercise significantly decreased the overall risk of falls and resulting injuries but did not affect the risk of multiple falls, hospitalization, or mortality. Fractures were less likely in the exercise group but not significantly.
POEMs sometimes summarize high-impact practice guidelines from important organizations. Key messages from the three highest-rated guidelines are summarized in Table 7 . 35 – 37
AACP: antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation | . Use the CHA DS -VASc score to assess the risk of stroke. Men with a score of 0 and women with a score of 1 are at low risk of stroke and do not require anticoagulation. Direct oral anticoagulants are the preferred agents for most patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation, although this decision should be individualized. Do not use aspirin or aspirin plus clopidogrel (Plavix) for antithrombotic prophylaxis for atrial fibrillation. Use the HAS-BLED score to assess bleeding risk; if the score is 3 or higher, look for ways to reduce risk, educate the patient about what to watch for regarding bleeding, and consider following up more closely. For patients currently taking warfarin (Coumadin), consider switching to a direct oral anticoagulant if they are in the international normalized ratio range less than 65% of the time. If patients are also taking aspirin, first make sure they really need it, then use a low dose (75 to 100 mg) and treat with a concomitant proton pump inhibitor. |
ADA/EASD: type 2 diabetes mellitus | . These expert consensus recommendations attempt to shift responsibility and decision-making to where it belongs—with the patients. The recommendations suggest making self-management education and support a cornerstone of treatment. Another pillar of this new approach is selecting medication treatment according to which one is most likely to be taken regularly and over time by a particular patient. The third pillar continues to be metformin. If additional control is needed, adding one or more oral hypoglycemics to the metformin regimen is recommended. For patients with known heart disease, additional treatment with a GLP-1 receptor antagonist such as liraglutide (Victoza) or an SGLT-2 inhibitor such as empagliflozin (Jardiance) is recommended. Sulfonylureas and glitazones (also called thiazolidinediones) are less expensive options. |
ACP: breast cancer screening | . Citing that the harms of screening (false-positive results, benign biopsies, and overdiagnosis) outweigh the benefits of early diagnosis, the guideline does not recommend routine screening of women 40 to 49 years of age. Instead, physicians should have a discussion with these patients about the benefits and harms of screening. Women 50 to 74 years of age should be offered screening every two years, stopping when life expectancy is less than 10 years. Patients 75 years or older should not be screened. Clinical breast examinations should no longer be used for screening in women who undergo routine mammography. |
The American College of Chest Physicians recommends initiating direct oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation, avoiding aspirin or aspirin plus clopidogrel (Plavix) to prevent thromboembolism, using risk scores for stroke and bleeding, and avoiding cotreatment with aspirin and an anticoagulant if possible. 35
The American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes guideline for type 2 diabetes mellitus continues to recommend educating patients about diabetes self-management and providing support as the cornerstone of therapy, and metformin as the preferred initial therapy. 36 If a second agent is needed, there are many options, although glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor antagonists or sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are recommended for patients with established heart disease; sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are preferred for patients with heart failure or chronic kidney disease.
The American College of Physicians recommendations for breast cancer screening generally parallel those of the USPSTF, which are supported by the American Academy of Family Physicians. Recommendations include shared decision-making in women 40 to 49 years of age, biennial mammography from 50 to 74 years of age or until the woman's life expectancy is less than 10 years, and eliminating the clinical breast examination as a screening test for women who undergo regular mammography. 37 – 39
The full text of the POEMs discussed in this article is available at https://www.aafp.org/journals/afp/content/top-poems/2019.html .
A list of top POEMs from previous years is available at https://www.aafp.org/afp/toppoems .
Editor's Note: This article was cowritten by Dr. Mark Ebell, who is deputy editor for evidence-based medicine for AFP and cofounder and editor-in-chief of Essential Evidence Plus, published by Wiley-Blackwell, Inc. Because of Dr. Ebell's dual roles and ties to Essential Evidence Plus, the concept for this article was independently reviewed and approved by a group of AFP 's medical editors. In addition, the article underwent peer review and editing by three of AFP 's medical editors. Dr. Ebell was not involved in the editorial decision-making process.—Sumi Sexton, MD, Editor-in-Chief.
The authors thank Wiley-Blackwell, Inc., for giving permission to excerpt the POEMs; Drs. Allen Shaughnessy, Henry Barry, David Slawson, Nita Kulkarni, and Linda Speer for their work in selecting and writing the original POEMs; the academic family medicine fellows and faculty of the University of Missouri–Columbia for their work as peer reviewers; Pierre Pluye, PhD, for his work in codeveloping the Information Assessment Method; and Maria Vlasak for her assistance with copyediting the POEMs for the past 26 years.
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Every healthcare research begins with a single step. But in the world of academia, that step often involves hours of pondering over the perfect medical research topic idea. When it comes to medical research paper topics, there's a seemingly limitless array of options that stretches as far as the mind can wander. The potential of this field is exciting but can also be challenging to explore.
To help you narrow down your choices and research effectively, our research paper writer team compiled a list of interesting medical research topics. Whether you want to write about the latest developments in public health or explore the implications of emerging technologies, this blog won't disappoint you.
Medical research topics are the ideas or concepts related to health and medicine. They often explore new treatments, developments in diagnosis, prevention of illnesses, or even the effects of lifestyle choices. The scope of topics in medicine is vast and can include such aspects:
Your choice should stem from your interests and existing gaps that need to be filled.
Choosing the right medical topic for a research paper is like finding a golden ticket to a successful study. Here's what makes a medicine research idea a real showstopper:
Selecting the best idea out of multiple medicine research topics can be a daunting task, especially when you have so many fields to explore. Here are a few steps that will help you settle on a theme:
Once you come up with a fitting medical research topic, consider half the battle won. But in case you have difficulties creating an original title, our online paper writers prepared a list of research ideas for medical students you might like.
Below we collected various medical topics to research in your study. From groundbreaking technologies to emerging diseases, there are countless avenues to investigate. If you're on the hunt for a compelling topic, here are some of the top medical researches topics capturing attention in 2023:
Navigating countless medical topics for research papers can often feel like a journey through a labyrinth. Here are some intriguing ideas that could ignite your curiosity and fuel your research:
Exploring the depths of medicine can be an exciting experience. You'll discover that every issue has a plethora of complexities and avenues to investigate. Here are some interesting medical topics for research paper that could pique your curiosity:
You may be looking for simple research topics in medicine that won't take too much time and effort to complete. Explore these straightforward ideas that could make your paper stand out:
When it comes to choosing medical research topics, you need something that's striking and meaningful. Hover over these ideas to spot the fitting idea for your medical research:
Navigate through the most contentious research topics in health and explore the debate that surrounds them. Consider these thought-provoking ideas and medical controversial topics:
Discover the latest studies in healthcare and explore the newest topics for a medical research paper. Below we prepared some cutting-edge topics for you to consider:
There are multiple medical topics to write about. But as a student, you're probably looking for something more specific. For your convenience, we divided the titles by academic levels. So, roll up your sleeves and get ready to explore these health topics for research that your professor will surely appreciate.
For students who want to investigate different aspect of healthcare, we provided these examples of ideas. Browse through these medical research topics for high school students to spot the most relevant theme:
At the college level, you may be asked to write a research paper on a complex issue. We prepared these health research topics for college students to help you get started on your assignment:
We've also provided some research topics for medical students grouped by specific subjects. Check them out and pick the one you find most captivating.
Pediatrics involves the care and health of children. As such, it is a broad field ripe with interesting medical topics. Given the unique physiology needs of these younger populations, pediatric research is crucial for understanding illnesses. Below you can find captivating research topics in pediatrics:
Anatomy is the study of the organization and structure of the body. It encompasses many topics for medical research papers, from bones and organs to cell structures. Consider these ideas when writing your next anatomy paper:
Medical anthropology looks at health and illness from a cultural perspective. It draws on expertise from across disciplines such as biology, psychology, and sociology to better understand how medical systems can work within different communities. If you’re interested in this field, use these ideas for med research topics:
Physiology studies how living organisms function. This branch covers a range of medicine topics and ideas you might like. Here are some suggestions for your next med paper in physiology:
From understanding skin conditions to exploring new procedures, dermatological research is a crucial part of improving skin health. Look through these medical research ideas centered around dermatology:
Nursing is a versatile profession that covers many areas of health care. It’s also an ever-changing field, with new research and advancements being released all the time. Here are some topics for medical research paper focusing on nursing:
>> Read more: Nursing Research Paper Topics
Primary care is the first point of contact between patients and medical professionals. This branch is often overlooked, but it’s an important area of research that can improve health outcomes in communities around the world. Check out these interesting health topics to discuss in primary care:
Public health is an important area of research - understanding how to improve health in communities and prevent illness and injury are crucial skills for medical professionals. Here are some medical related research topics that could kick-start your next project:
>> View more: Public Health Research Topics
Mental health is an important area of research, as it affects so many people around the world. Here are some medical research paper ideas to get you started on your next mental health project:
>> View more: Mental Health Research Paper Topics
Medical ethics is an important direction in healthcare research. Check these fascinating health topics to research for your next paper:
Medical research is an important topic for many people. Below you can find more medical research topic ideas that didn't fall in any of categories offered above.
Health research paper topics are crucial to understanding the effects of trends and developments in the medical field. Here are some ideas to get you inspired:
Clinical ideas are essential for approaching healthcare from a scientific point of view. Find some medical research paper topics to cover in your project:
Choosing healthcare research paper topics can be quite overwhelming. We hope our suggestions will help you in developing an engaging medical research topic for your upcoming project or assignment. Remember to always check with your instructor before starting any project, so that you are aware of all specific requirements.
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The medical field is vast and rich, so choosing a medical topic for a research paper is easy. However, the abundance of medical topics to research can also make choosing the “best” one a daunting task. Medical research topics are about drugs and their interactions and those expounding on the root causes of diseases. There are a variety of topics in medicine to discuss, spanning the different angles of the field, including medical social issues research topics .
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If you find it difficult to choose a medical research topic for your paper, that is to be expected. This article will give you 100+ medical research topics to work on, spanning different aspects of medicine. However, before that, we will show you how to select the best-med research topics. Whether you’re looking for argumentative essay topics or anatomy research paper topics , there is no dearth of medical research topics.
Choosing a research topic, even if it’s an interesting thesis statement about social media , is often more challenging than the actual writing. To be able to do justice to these medical research topics, you need to choose topics that inspire you. Below are our A+ tips for choosing the best medical topics to write about:
You’re close to a breakthrough now that you know what factors to consider when choosing health topics to research. There are many places to get inspiration, including research topics on medicine. Below, we have compiled some of the best research topics in health.
There are thousands of ideas and angles to explore in the medical field. With the 100+ interesting medical topics for the research papers that we have provided, you have options to work with. The tips for choosing a topic can also help you sift through research topics for STEM students , among others, to choose the best.
Due to the downward trend in respiratory viruses in Maryland, masking is no longer required but remains strongly recommended in Johns Hopkins Medicine clinical locations in Maryland. Read more .
Research topics, cardiovascular research topics, heart rhythm and arrhythmias.
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Americans overwhelmingly say access to ivf is a good thing.
Seven-in-ten Americans say in vitro fertilization access is a good thing. Just 8% say it is a bad thing, and 22% are unsure.
Half of Americans or more say they are extremely or very comfortable talking about their mental health with a close friend, an immediate family member or a mental health therapist.
88% of Americans say marijuana should be legal for medical or recreational use. Just 11% say the drug should not be legal in any form.
Americans largely favor legalization of the drug, including 57% who say it should be legal for both medical and recreational use.
Last year, Ozempic, Rybelsus and Wegovy had combined sales of about $21.1 billion globally – up 89% since 2022.
Just 20% of the public views the coronavirus as a major threat to the health of the U.S. population and only 10% are very concerned about getting a serious case themselves. In addition, a relatively small share of U.S. adults (28%) say they’ve received an updated COVID-19 vaccine since last fall.
About three-quarters of Americans say they have heard a lot or a little about Ozempic, Wegovy and other similar drugs that are being used for weight loss. Among those familiar with these drugs, 53% think they are good options to lose weight for people with obesity or a weight-related health condition.
More than half of U.S. adults (56%) said that widespread use of brain chips to enhance cognitive function would be a bad idea for society.
More Black Americans say health outcomes for Black people in the United States have improved over the past 20 years than say outcomes have worsened.
The share of Americans who say science has had a mostly positive impact on society has fallen 16 percentage points since before the start of the coronavirus outbreak, from 73% in January 2019 to 57% today.
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Genomics and technology development expert Lars Steinmetz now leads Stanford Medicine’s genetics department.
July 25, 2024 - By Hanae Armitage
Lars Steinmetz has taken over for Michael Snyder in leading the genetics department.
Lars Steinmetz , PhD, the Dieter Schwarz Foundation Endowed Professor, has assumed the role of chair of the genetics department at the Stanford School of Medicine. His appointment began July 1.
Steinmetz succeeds Michael Snyder , PhD, the Stanford W. Ascherman, MD, FACS Professor in Genetics, who led the department for 15 years.
“I’m delighted to see Lars lead the department of genetics,” said Lloyd Minor , MD, dean of the Stanford School of Medicine and vice president for medical affairs for Stanford University. “He is a highly productive leader of laboratories here and in Europe who has led innovative and influential genetics research. His strong ability to facilitate productive collaborations across sites and disciplines will be an outstanding asset for the department.”
After Steinmetz completed his undergraduate work at Yale University, where he studied molecular biophysics and biochemistry, he began a doctoral program at Stanford Medicine, studying genetics under Ronald Davis , PhD, professor of biochemistry and of genetics.
In 2003, Steinmetz joined the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany, leading his own group and co-founding the institution’s first genome biology unit. During this time, he kept ties with Stanford Medicine as a visiting scholar at the Stanford Genome Technology Center and was appointed as a professor of genetics a decade later, in 2013.
“It was always my dream to come back to Stanford as a faculty member,” he said. “Now to chair the department, it’s definitely an honor.”
Maintaining labs in both Germany and Palo Alto has been a defining and stimulating part of Steinmetz’s career. “The science never sleeps that way,” he said. “One lab goes to bed, the other lab gets up, and you can build a nice synergy with that.”
Steinmetz has focused his research predominately on the discovery of new biology with implications for systems genetics and precision health. To that end, his lab invents and applies genome analysis technologies, which power advanced sequencing and parsing of human genomes to better pinpoint the genetic roots of disease. “Technology is usually the limiting factor to discovery, so we invent what we need to derive biological insights,” said Steinmetz.
These technologies allow his lab to resolve previously unanswerable questions about biological problems. “That’s one of the reasons my lab is so diverse in topic areas — these technologies are universal and can connect different fields of biology to answer new questions,” he said.
He points to a recent paper he and collaborators wrote about the genetic foundation of a type of cardiomyopathy, a disease of the heart that impedes its ability to pump. Using a variety of genome analysis technologies, the team was able to home in on the specific gene causing the patient’s disease, pinpoint the mutation and suggest targeted therapeutic strategies.
More broadly, Steinmetz envisions a flow of curiosity-driven basic science that also fuels more precise and effective decision making in the clinic. “We’re already doing this, but I think the department will continue to improve its integration of new omics technologies to investigate fundamental research, then use that information to enhance patient care,” he said.
About Stanford Medicine
Stanford Medicine is an integrated academic health system comprising the Stanford School of Medicine and adult and pediatric health care delivery systems. Together, they harness the full potential of biomedicine through collaborative research, education and clinical care for patients. For more information, please visit med.stanford.edu .
Psychiatry’s new frontiers
BMC Medical Education volume 24 , Article number: 805 ( 2024 ) Cite this article
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Most rural populations experience significant health disadvantage. Community-engaged research can facilitate research activities towards addressing health issues of priority to local communities. Connecting scholars with community based frontline practices that are addressing local health and medical needs helps establish a robust pipeline for research that can inform gaps in health provision. Rural Health Projects (RHPs) are conducted as part of the Doctor of Medicine program at the University of Queensland. This study aims to describe the geographic coverage of RHPs, the health topic areas covered and the different types of RHP research activities conducted. It also provides meaningful insight of the health priorities for local rural communities in Queensland, Australia.
This study conducted a retrospective review of RHPs conducted between 2011 and 2021 in rural and remote Australian communities. Descriptive analyses were used to describe RHP locations by their geographical classification and disease/research categorisation using the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems – 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes and the Human Research Classification System (HRCS) categories.
There were a total of 2806 eligible RHPs conducted between 2011 and 2021, predominantly in Queensland ( n = 2728, 97·2%). These were mostly conducted in small rural towns (under 5,000 population, n = 1044, 37·2%) or other rural towns up to 15,000 population ( n = 842, 30·0%). Projects mostly addressed individual care needs ( n = 1233, 43·9%) according to HRCS categories, or were related to factors influencing health status and contact with health services ( n = 1012, 36·1%) according to ICD-10 classification.
Conducting community focused RHPs demonstrates a valuable method to address community-specific rural health priorities by engaging medical students in research projects while simultaneously enhancing their research skills.
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People living in rural regions experience a greater burden of health disparities and disadvantages across most health and wellbeing domains [ 1 , 2 ]. Despite clear inequities existing between rural and urban populations, there have been limited research-based strategies focused on addressing community-level health and medical priorities [ 3 ]. To achieve a better understanding of health issues impacting rural communities, innovative research to identify the health issues directly impacting people living in rural areas can result in community-focused strategies to address these challenges.
In Australia, immense inequities in research funding targeting rural health strongly diminish the capacity for rural health research supported by an integrated academic infrastructure [ 4 ]. A large portion of the research being conducted in rural communities depends upon busy clinician researchers, who work within the local health and medical workforce [ 5 ]. Improving sustainability of rural focused researchers and clinician academics thus requires a focused approach to providing critical skills development and community-centred research opportunities that are integrated within the medical curriculum. Rural and remote research involves high levels of community engagement, rural-based immersion opportunities and positive learning experiences that result in ‘socially accountable’ research activities [ 5 ]. A tailored, community-engaged approach also significantly impacts future rural practice intent [ 6 , 7 ], which is a critical government agenda that aims to sustain a rural workforce that is committed to work in underserved rural communities. For anyone intending to practice in a rural or remote location, the importance of developing research and analytical skills is more significant, given the complex nature of rural environments [ 6 ].
Preparing medical students for a rural career in evidence-based medicine requires sufficient research training and experiences to develop both their ability to appraise clinical evidence and their analytical skills required in medical practice [ 8 ]. A recent review of Australian medical students confirmed that the inclusion of scholarly activities to support the development of basic research skills and critical evaluation is not universally embedded within medical degree programs [ 9 , 10 ]. Similarly, a study exploring attitudes and participation in research activities by medical students in Australia found that only 45% of the 704 survey respondents had participated in a research project [ 11 ]. To instil scholarly research skills development, the University of Queensland (UQ) in Australia incorporates various units that are aimed to develop research skills as part of their medical training. In year three of the four-year MD program, all domestic students undertake a Rural and Remote Medicine (RRM) placement under the Mayne Academy of Rural and Remote Medicine clinical unit. Alongside clinical teaching and training, a Rural Health Project (RHP) forms part of the RRM placement during which students complete a small research project with an emphasis on identifying and addressing local community priorities.
The RHPs are developed through a local iterative process that balances the needs of the rural communities, the advice of the locally based supervisors, and student skills and interests, using the community-engaged research conceptual framework principles [ 12 ]. RHPs are conducted within rural hospitals, general/family practice, or a combination of both, as well as some projects being undertaken within the community but outside of a clinical setting. An example is that of a former mining engineer doing medicine arranged an underground gold mine rescue scenario that was filmed as part of the RHP. The video was used for training purposes, providing an output beneficial to the local community. As a result, students hone their research skills and involve themselves in multidisciplinary practice and participatory research in the context and culture of a rural community.
The RHP is integrated with the flow of phase one pre-clinical programs and fits in with other RRM assessments and practical experiences. They are designed to be carried out within a Quality Improvement framework that aims to develop an understanding of rural health service delivery, while learning to work collaboratively in gaining an understanding of health status and issues of priority for local rural communities in which the students are placed. The RHP pedagogical approach is underpinned by a sociocultural theory [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Students work under interactive guidance and supervision regarding the cognitive and experiential aspects of their activities, with intensive immersion in the tasks being carried out, relying on self-motivation, initiative and problem-solving. During the RHPs, students learn how to critically analyse a clinical topic, engage with community members and clinicians, and collaborate as required. Students are also responsible for planning and conduct of the project and producing practical resources or an end-product that is then presented in a written academic report. The key elements of the RHPs are to harness the opportunity of placement at a rural site by identifying a health service need or locally relevant knowledge gap to be addressed in consultation and engagement with the community.
More than 270 RHPs are conducted every year within UQ as part of the RRM unit spread over 50 smaller rural and remote communities. The overarching goal for each student’s RHP is to develop a long-term, solution-orientated plan of benefit to the local community.
This study aimed to describe the geographic coverage of RHPs, the health topic areas covered and the different types of RHP research activities conducted. It also provides meaningful insight of the health priorities for local rural communities in Queensland, Australia.
This study is a retrospective analysis of all RHPs conducted by medical students as part of their RRM unit, during Year 3 of their medical training at UQ. Specific data available for each RHP were the project title, the year it was conducted, and the location, each of which was collected as part of standard administrative procedures by the RHP coordinators. No identifying information about the students were collected, thus no other linkage was possible such as to student characteristics. Each RHP is conducted by one medical student.
Location information was coded by the researchers (BN, SKC, MM) using the Modified Monash Model [ 16 ] categories. Using descriptive information from the RHP title, researchers also coded the RHPs using the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems – 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes and the Human Research Classification System (HRCS) categories. The primary researchers involved in data setup (SKC and BN) conducted the categorisation and coding of the data, followed by a researcher (MM) reviewing and confirming accurate categorisation and coding. A descriptive analysis of the RHPs was conducted to explore ICD-10 codes and HRCS categories according to rural, remote, and regional locations using the Modified Monash Model (MMM) [ 16 ] Classification system.
A total of 2974 projects were reviewed in this study. After coding and removing projects with missing key information, and projects that were conducted outside of Australia, a total of 2806 RHPs remained.
The distribution of RHPs within each state based on regional location is described in Table 1 . A majority of RHPs were conducted in Queensland ( n = 2728, 97·2%). Due to the small number of RHPs within Victoria, New South Wales, the Northern Territory and Western Australia, these states were combined into a single category (other). According to the MMM categories, most RHPs were conducted in small rural towns (MMM-5, n = 1044, 37·2%), or medium rural towns (MMM-4, n = 842, 30·0%). Additionally, nearly 17% of RHPs were conducted in Australia’s remote areas (MMM-6 and MMM-7, n = 468). A small number of projects ( n = 195, 7·0%) were conducted in areas not targeted under the RRM program (MMM-1 and MMM-2). These RHP locations were used by students mainly because of administration related factors, including students not being able to travel to a suitable location during COVID-19 related restrictions.
The frequency of the RHPs according to HRCS categories, and the ICD-10 codes are illustrated in Tables 2 and 3 respectively. Analysis was limited to each HRCS category or ICD-10 code having at least 20 RHPs. The most frequent MMM category within each HRCS category and ICD-10 code illustrate the regional distribution within each research topic area. According to the HRCS categories, RHPs most frequently addressed Individual care needs ( n = 1233, 43·9%) and were conducted in MMM-5 locations ( n = 487, 37·1%). Similarly, according to the ICD-10 codes, RHPs most frequently explored Factors influencing health status and contact with health services ( n = 1012, 36·1%) and were conducted in MMM-5 locations ( n = 347, 34·2%).
Examples of RHPs conducted in HRCS Research Activity codes and ICD-10 codes (Table 4 ) highlight some of the key health research topics that the RHPs have addressed.
This study demonstrates the approach of immersive rural health research projects, conducted as part of medical curriculum in Australia. They describe how research activities conducted within rural communities can help address rural health priorities specific to each community, while also providing a practical approach for medical students to become involved in community-engaged research projects. The review also highlights the diverse nature of RHP topics that are community-identified issues relevant to the local communities. Communities undertake a collaborative process with the supervisor and student, to identify areas of focus that meets their needs. The resulting research activities conducted as part of the RHPs provide practical resources for immediate translation or direct evidence to support future interventions targeting improved rural health outcomes. A similar but smaller scale research initiative in Australia highlights that as part of a graduate medical program conducted during a 12-month GP placement in a rural, regional, or remote community in New South Wales, an increased understanding of local health issues in regional, rural and remote communities, and increased engagement with and acceptance of medical students in these communities was seen [ 17 ].
Unsurprisingly given that they are part of the UQ curriculum, most RHPs were conducted within Queensland. These were most commonly situated within small and medium sized rural towns and/or inner-regional locations, focused on Individual care needs. The HRCS category addressing Individual care needs explores several aspects of patients and service user care needs including quality of life, management of symptoms, disease management, prevention, and health service needs [ 18 ]. These issues correlate with multiple reports that continue to highlight the ongoing issue of access to primary health care services and higher levels of disease that impacts health outcomes within rural locations [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Similarly, according to the ICD-10 codes, RHPs most commonly explored factors influencing health status and contact with health services. Additionally, factors influencing primary health care access and the service needs of rural and remote communities is an ongoing concern [ 20 ]. The category of mental, behavioural, and neurodevelopment disorders was the second highest coded research project, highlighting its importance to these communities. A 2019 report by the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners corresponds with this finding, as it reported psychological issues as the most commonly managed health issue by General Practitioners (65%) [ 20 ].
Literature acknowledges challenges surrounding research activity during medical education. Time constraints ( n = 460; 65·3%) and uncertainty surrounding how to find research opportunities ( n = 449; 63·8%) are common barriers to research [ 11 ]. Other studies also highlight the lack of time (77·4%), and lack of formal research activity within the curriculum (76%), as well as lack of mentorship (70·1%) [ 22 ]. Solutions include protected research time, financial and other academic support that would help facilitate and improve participation in research projects [ 23 ]. By providing an integrated research project that is assessed and embedded within the medical curriculum of the MD degree, this study highlights how these challenges can potentially be mitigated. The importance of providing medical students the opportunity to learn and conduct research during their medical education is essential to prepare future rural clinician researchers [ 10 ].
A significant strength of this study is the diversity and volume of rural health projects conducted. Additionally, a greater understanding of the health priorities were identified for rural communities. The strength of this study also highlights the number of successfully completed RHPs, whereby students gained valuable advantage to understand the process of gathering and synthesising data and developing important outcomes or resources relevant to their rural placement communities. There are however several limitations to this study. Although the ICD-10 and HRCS coding systems can categorise medical health related research activity, they are limited in their design to adequately classify rural health research projects relating to geographical factors. This limitation may restrict the generalisability of findings from this study. Another limitation is that this study relied on administrative data, which did not include other valuable information such as student characteristics or placement contexts within each of the locations. Additionally, the outcomes of each RHP were also not available. The categorisation process was also based on the understanding of the researchers, however, to overcome this bias, a systematic approach to categorisation was used, whereby all researchers checked and verified consensus on the categorisation of each RHP.
The integration of research projects focused on both understanding rural health disadvantages and suitable interventions as part of a medical students training and learning experience is an innovative method to address rural health challenges, while encouraging medical students to enhance their research skills. Students address topics of local priority through their RHPs, increase their involvement with the rural communities and other health professionals and develop an increased understanding of local health issues in rural and remote communities. Furthermore, advancing opportunities to undertake integrated rural health research activities within a medical student’s degree can progress a student’s scholarship, encouraging future academic endeavours. Such community-engaged, locally based rural health projects also allow us to better understand the unique factors associated with health and health care within rural communities, as well as the underlying factors explaining rural versus urban differences. These research focused activities ultimately not only benefit the local communities in which such projects are conducted, but also provide an educational model that achieves academic outcomes benefitting the medical student.
The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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The authors wish to acknowledge Dr John Ridler (Academic Coordinator , Mayne Academy of Rural and Remote Medicine) and Dr Lynette Hodgson (Academic Coordinator Rural Health Projects , Mayne Academy of Rural and Remote Medicine) for their continued involvement and contributions to this study.
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BN was responsible for conception, analysis, drafting and revising the manuscript. BC was responsible for conception, critical review of the manuscript, and revising the manuscript. MM was responsible for critical review of the manuscript and revising the manuscript. SKC was responsible for conception, critical review of the manuscript, and revising the manuscript. All authors have approved the submitted manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Correspondence to Bushra Farah Nasir .
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The University of Queensland Human Research Ethics Committee approved this research study (2022/HE000394). Data were available for RHPs conducted between 2011 and 2021. The study used retrospective administrative data; no participants were involved in this study directly and therefore a waiver of consent was granted.
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Nasir, B.F., Chater, B., McGrail, M. et al. A retrospective descriptive review of community-engaged research projects addressing rural health priorities. BMC Med Educ 24 , 805 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05791-7
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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05791-7
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by Monash University
An innovative co-designed model of care to help elevate the role of nurses in contraceptive and medical abortion care in rural and regional areas has been developed as part of the landmark ORIENT study.
Development of the Monash University-led model is an important step in addressing chronic lack of access to contraceptive and medical abortion care in regional and rural communities in Australia.
Women living in regional or remote areas are 1.4 times more likely to experience an unintended pregnancy than women living in non-rural settings. For some, accessing services means traveling more than four hours due to the very limited number of primary care providers available.
A paper describing this new model of care for general practices has been published in the Journal of Advanced Nursing .
The Head of Monash University's Department of General Practice, Professor Danielle Mazza AM, said the paper, prepared by researchers from the SPHERE Centre of Research Excellence at Monash University, was an important contribution to the body of knowledge needed to elevate the role of nurses in delivery of sexual and reproductive health care .
"It is especially timely with the Federal Government's independent Unleashing the Potential of our Health Workforce Scope of Practice Review underway, and matches a growing international trend that recognizes the potential of nurses in delivering contraception and medical abortion care," Professor Mazza said.
A wide range of issues contributes to the current scarcity of services in rural and regional Australia, such as a shortage of GPs and health services in general, stigma, lack of available training, and lack of awareness of some of the most effective forms of contraception such as Long Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC), including intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the contraceptive implant.
The co-design process for development of the new model of care, led by Ph.D. Candidate Jessica Moulton, with rural and regional nurses and GPs, and patients, focused on how the model could work in general practices, how patients would access the services and the roles of GPs, practice nurses, receptionists and practice managers.
The ORIENT study, which involves nurses gaining the knowledge and skills to insert contraceptive devices and support delivery of medical abortion care, will test the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of the co-designed model of care. It is due to be completed by the end of 2025.
"Many nurses working in general practice settings have an interest in women's health and a lot of them want to provide these services," Professor Mazza said.
"The Therapeutic Goods Administration has recently removed restrictions on prescribing and dispensing the medical abortion pill MS-2 Step. The government has also made budget commitments to support primary care practitioners to train in LARC insertion."
"Nurses are poised to work to their full scope of practice to include the provision of LARC and medical abortion. But greater support is needed to facilitate this in Australia and ensure equitable access to sexual and reproductive health services , particularly for those living in regional and remote areas. This includes training, remuneration and legislative change to enable prescribing," Professor Mazza said.
Some of the key features of the codesigned model of care for the ORIENT study include:
Thirty two regional general practices have joined the ORIENT study. When the study ends in 2025, the research team will compare the services delivered at each practice before and after the nurse -led approach began.
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Transforming the understanding and treatment of mental illnesses.
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What does it mean to have substance use and co-occurring mental disorders.
Substance use disorder (SUD) is a treatable mental disorder that affects a person’s brain and behavior, leading to their inability to control their use of substances like legal or illegal drugs, alcohol, or medications. Symptoms can be moderate to severe, with addiction being the most severe form of SUD.
People with a SUD may also have other mental health disorders, and people with mental health disorders may also struggle with substance use. These other mental health disorders can include anxiety disorders , depression , attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) , bipolar disorder , personality disorders , and schizophrenia , among others. For more information, please see the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Common Comorbidities with Substance Use Disorders Research Report .
Though people might have both a SUD and a mental disorder, that does not mean that one caused the other. Research suggests three possibilities that could explain why SUDs and other mental disorders may occur together:
When someone has a SUD and another mental health disorder, it is usually better to treat them at the same time rather than separately. People who need help for a SUD and other mental disorders should see a health care provider for each disorder. It can be challenging to make an accurate diagnosis because some symptoms are the same for both disorders, so the provider should use comprehensive assessment tools to reduce the chance of a missed diagnosis and provide the right treatment.
It also is essential that the provider tailor treatment, which may include behavioral therapies and medications, to an individual’s specific combination of disorders and symptoms. It should also take into account the person’s age, the misused substance, and the specific mental disorder(s). Talk to your health care provider to determine what treatment may be best for you and give the treatment time to work.
Research has found several behavioral therapies that have promise for treating individuals with co-occurring substance use and mental disorders. Health care providers may recommend behavioral therapies alone or in combination with medications.
Some examples of effective behavioral therapies for adults with SUDs and different co-occurring mental disorders include:
Behavioral therapies for children and adolescents
Some effective behavioral treatments for children and adolescents include:
There are effective medications that treat opioid , alcohol , and nicotine addiction and lessen the symptoms of many other mental disorders. Some medications may be useful in treating multiple disorders. For more information on behavioral treatments and medications for SUDs, visit NIDA’s Drug Facts and Treatment webpages. For more information about treatment for mental disorders, visit NIMH's Health Topics webpages.
To find mental health treatment services in your area, call the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357), visit the SAMHSA online treatment locator , or text your ZIP code to 435748.
For additional resources about finding help, visit:
NIMH's Help for Mental Illnesses page
National Cancer Institute’s Smokefree.gov website, or call their smoking quitline at 1-877-44U-QUIT (1-877-448-7848)
If you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org . In life-threatening situations, call 911.
Clinical trials are research studies that look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. The goal of clinical trials is to determine if a new test or treatment works and is safe. Although individuals may benefit from being part of a clinical trial, participants should be aware that the primary purpose of a clinical trial is to gain new scientific knowledge so that others may be better helped in the future.
Researchers at NIMH and around the country conduct many studies with patients and healthy volunteers. We have new and better treatment options today because of what clinical trials uncovered years ago. Be part of tomorrow’s medical breakthroughs. Talk to your health care provider about clinical trials, their benefits and risks, and whether one is right for you.
To learn more or find a study, visit:
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IU School of Medicine Aug 14, 2023
Photograph of Richet
The William H. Schneider History of French Eugenics Research Collection consists of publication manuscripts, conference presentations, correspondence, and other materials created and acquired by the donor ( William H. Schneider , Professor Emeritus of History and Professor of Medical Humanities and Health Studies, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis) while researching the history of eugenics in France. The Ruth Lilly Medical Library is pleased to announce this new addition to our History of Medicine Collection.
Notable items from the collection include an unpublished autobiography (Mémoires sur moi et les autres) written by French physiologist, eugenicist, and Nobel Prize winner, Charles Richet (1850-1935) ; French obstetrician Raymond Couvelaire's unpublished recollections (Épigrammes familiale et violons imaginaires) of his father-in-law, Adolphe Pinard (1844-1934) , a pioneer of modern perinatal care and founder and first president of the French Eugenics Society ( Société française d'eugénique ); and letters exchanged between Schneider and Charles Richet's grandsons, Gabriel and Denis Richet, who provided him with original archival materials about their grandfather.
A detailed descriptive finding aid for the collection can be viewed in IU Archives Online: https://archives.iu.edu/catalog/VAE4267
Further Reading:
More about the RLML History of Medicine Collection
The Ruth Lilly Medical Library’s History of Medicine Collection supports the research, learning, and educational success of Indiana University students, faculty, and community members by collecting, preserving, interpreting, and providing access to unique materials documenting the history of medicine; medical education, training, research, and practice; and health and disease treatment and prevention in the state of Indiana and beyond within the global context of the Western medical tradition.
The History of Medicine Collection is located on the third floor of the Ruth Lilly Medical Library (Room 307) and is open by appointment only (Monday-Friday, 10:00am-4:00pm). Research appointments and classes can be scheduled by contacting [email protected] .
With more than 60 academic departments and specialty divisions across nine campuses and strong clinical partnerships with Indiana’s most advanced hospitals and physician networks, Indiana University School of Medicine is continuously advancing its mission to prepare healers and transform health in Indiana and throughout the world.
By emily ashcraft, ksl.com | updated - july 29, 2024 at 11:15 a.m. | posted - july 29, 2024 at 10:22 a.m., brigham young university is going to have its own medical school, the first presidency of the church of jesus christ of latter-day saints announced monday. the school will focus on humanitarian efforts of the church. (yukai peng, deseret news).
Estimated read time: 2-3 minutes
PROVO — Brigham Young University is going to have its own medical school, the First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints announced Monday.
The school will have a focus on international health issues affecting the church's members worldwide and the church's humanitarian efforts.
"It is envisioned that unlike many medical schools, the BYU medical school will be focused on teaching with research in areas of strategic importance to the church. In time, the school will draw students from within and outside the United States," the church said in a statement .
"Plans for this medical school are underway, and specific target dates will be announced as they are set," the announcement said.
The church said it will not create its own hospital or hospital system but is "discussing a mutually beneficial clinical relationship" with Intermountain Health and will seek "collaborative relationships with various entities in Utah, including the University of Utah."
The University of Utah confirmed Monday it plans to "actively pursue collaboration opportunities" with the church and BYU in both educational and clinical settings.
"University leaders affirm that BYU's internationally-focused health education plans complement University of Utah Health's state-focused mission and offer new opportunities to serve growing health care needs locally and around the world," the U. said in a statement.
University of Utah President Taylor Randall said he has expressed support for the new medical school in conversations with church leaders.
"We will work with BYU and church leadership to lay the groundwork for a model collaboration that serves the needs of this state and provides critical health services to countries around the world," Randall said.
The U. statement said it is currently expanding its health education resources with a new building for its medical school and a regional medical campus in southern Utah.
"The combination of the U.'s medical school expansion and the church's announcement today will ensure that in the rapidly growing and changing field of medicine, Utahns continue to benefit from excellent teaching, research and clinical expertise," the university said.
Sam Finlayson, the interim dean of the Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, said there is a high demand for medical education in the region. He said the U.'s school receives more than 2,000 applications for only 125 positions in each medical school class.
Intermountain Health said in a statement in response to the church's announcement that it will "engage with BYU in exploring and defining what a future relationship might be."
It also said it anticipates continuing a clinical relationship with the U.
West nile virus detected in box elder, salt lake counties for first time this summer, your poop can tell a story of your health, wildfire smoke hard on brain health, increases dementia risk, related topics.
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