research problems for management

The Research Problem & Statement

What they are & how to write them (with examples)

By: Derek Jansen (MBA) | Expert Reviewed By: Eunice Rautenbach (DTech) | March 2023

If you’re new to academic research, you’re bound to encounter the concept of a “ research problem ” or “ problem statement ” fairly early in your learning journey. Having a good research problem is essential, as it provides a foundation for developing high-quality research, from relatively small research papers to a full-length PhD dissertations and theses.

In this post, we’ll unpack what a research problem is and how it’s related to a problem statement . We’ll also share some examples and provide a step-by-step process you can follow to identify and evaluate study-worthy research problems for your own project.

Overview: Research Problem 101

What is a research problem.

• What is a problem statement?

Where do research problems come from?

• How to find a suitable research problem
• Key takeaways

A research problem is, at the simplest level, the core issue that a study will try to solve or (at least) examine. In other words, it’s an explicit declaration about the problem that your dissertation, thesis or research paper will address. More technically, it identifies the research gap that the study will attempt to fill (more on that later).

Let’s look at an example to make the research problem a little more tangible.

To justify a hypothetical study, you might argue that there’s currently a lack of research regarding the challenges experienced by first-generation college students when writing their dissertations [ PROBLEM ] . As a result, these students struggle to successfully complete their dissertations, leading to higher-than-average dropout rates [ CONSEQUENCE ]. Therefore, your study will aim to address this lack of research – i.e., this research problem [ SOLUTION ].

A research problem can be theoretical in nature, focusing on an area of academic research that is lacking in some way. Alternatively, a research problem can be more applied in nature, focused on finding a practical solution to an established problem within an industry or an organisation. In other words, theoretical research problems are motivated by the desire to grow the overall body of knowledge , while applied research problems are motivated by the need to find practical solutions to current real-world problems (such as the one in the example above).

As you can probably see, the research problem acts as the driving force behind any study , as it directly shapes the research aims, objectives and research questions , as well as the research approach. Therefore, it’s really important to develop a very clearly articulated research problem before you even start your research proposal . A vague research problem will lead to unfocused, potentially conflicting research aims, objectives and research questions .

What is a research problem statement?

As the name suggests, a problem statement (within a research context, at least) is an explicit statement that clearly and concisely articulates the specific research problem your study will address. While your research problem can span over multiple paragraphs, your problem statement should be brief , ideally no longer than one paragraph . Importantly, it must clearly state what the problem is (whether theoretical or practical in nature) and how the study will address it.

Here’s an example of a statement of the problem in a research context:

Rural communities across Ghana lack access to clean water, leading to high rates of waterborne illnesses and infant mortality. Despite this, there is little research investigating the effectiveness of community-led water supply projects within the Ghanaian context. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of such projects in improving access to clean water and reducing rates of waterborne illnesses in these communities.

As you can see, this problem statement clearly and concisely identifies the issue that needs to be addressed (i.e., a lack of research regarding the effectiveness of community-led water supply projects) and the research question that the study aims to answer (i.e., are community-led water supply projects effective in reducing waterborne illnesses?), all within one short paragraph.

Need a helping hand?

Wherever there is a lack of well-established and agreed-upon academic literature , there is an opportunity for research problems to arise, since there is a paucity of (credible) knowledge. In other words, research problems are derived from research gaps . These gaps can arise from various sources, including the emergence of new frontiers or new contexts, as well as disagreements within the existing research.

Let’s look at each of these scenarios:

New frontiers – new technologies, discoveries or breakthroughs can open up entirely new frontiers where there is very little existing research, thereby creating fresh research gaps. For example, as generative AI technology became accessible to the general public in 2023, the full implications and knock-on effects of this were (or perhaps, still are) largely unknown and therefore present multiple avenues for researchers to explore.

New contexts – very often, existing research tends to be concentrated on specific contexts and geographies. Therefore, even within well-studied fields, there is often a lack of research within niche contexts. For example, just because a study finds certain results within a western context doesn’t mean that it would necessarily find the same within an eastern context. If there’s reason to believe that results may vary across these geographies, a potential research gap emerges.

Disagreements – within many areas of existing research, there are (quite naturally) conflicting views between researchers, where each side presents strong points that pull in opposing directions. In such cases, it’s still somewhat uncertain as to which viewpoint (if any) is more accurate. As a result, there is room for further research in an attempt to “settle” the debate.

Of course, many other potential scenarios can give rise to research gaps, and consequently, research problems, but these common ones are a useful starting point. If you’re interested in research gaps, you can learn more here .

How to find a research problem

Given that research problems flow from research gaps , finding a strong research problem for your research project means that you’ll need to first identify a clear research gap. Below, we’ll present a four-step process to help you find and evaluate potential research problems.

If you’ve read our other articles about finding a research topic , you’ll find the process below very familiar as the research problem is the foundation of any study . In other words, finding a research problem is much the same as finding a research topic.

Step 1 – Identify your area of interest

Naturally, the starting point is to first identify a general area of interest . Chances are you already have something in mind, but if not, have a look at past dissertations and theses within your institution to get some inspiration. These present a goldmine of information as they’ll not only give you ideas for your own research, but they’ll also help you see exactly what the norms and expectations are for these types of projects.

At this stage, you don’t need to get super specific. The objective is simply to identify a couple of potential research areas that interest you. For example, if you’re undertaking research as part of a business degree, you may be interested in social media marketing strategies for small businesses, leadership strategies for multinational companies, etc.

Depending on the type of project you’re undertaking, there may also be restrictions or requirements regarding what topic areas you’re allowed to investigate, what type of methodology you can utilise, etc. So, be sure to first familiarise yourself with your institution’s specific requirements and keep these front of mind as you explore potential research ideas.

Step 2 – Review the literature and develop a shortlist

Once you’ve decided on an area that interests you, it’s time to sink your teeth into the literature . In other words, you’ll need to familiarise yourself with the existing research regarding your interest area. Google Scholar is a good starting point for this, as you can simply enter a few keywords and quickly get a feel for what’s out there. Keep an eye out for recent literature reviews and systematic review-type journal articles, as these will provide a good overview of the current state of research.

At this stage, you don’t need to read every journal article from start to finish . A good strategy is to pay attention to the abstract, intro and conclusion , as together these provide a snapshot of the key takeaways. As you work your way through the literature, keep an eye out for what’s missing – in other words, what questions does the current research not answer adequately (or at all)? Importantly, pay attention to the section titled “ further research is needed ”, typically found towards the very end of each journal article. This section will specifically outline potential research gaps that you can explore, based on the current state of knowledge (provided the article you’re looking at is recent).

Take the time to engage with the literature and develop a big-picture understanding of the current state of knowledge. Reviewing the literature takes time and is an iterative process , but it’s an essential part of the research process, so don’t cut corners at this stage.

As you work through the review process, take note of any potential research gaps that are of interest to you. From there, develop a shortlist of potential research gaps (and resultant research problems) – ideally 3 – 5 options that interest you.

Step 3 – Evaluate your potential options

Once you’ve developed your shortlist, you’ll need to evaluate your options to identify a winner. There are many potential evaluation criteria that you can use, but we’ll outline three common ones here: value, practicality and personal appeal.

Value – a good research problem needs to create value when successfully addressed. Ask yourself:

• Who will this study benefit (e.g., practitioners, researchers, academia)?
• How will it benefit them specifically?
• How much will it benefit them?

Practicality – a good research problem needs to be manageable in light of your resources. Ask yourself:

• What data will I need access to?
• What knowledge and skills will I need to undertake the analysis?
• What equipment or software will I need to process and/or analyse the data?
• How much time will I need?
• What costs might I incur?

Personal appeal – a research project is a commitment, so the research problem that you choose needs to be genuinely attractive and interesting to you. Ask yourself:

• How appealing is the prospect of solving this research problem (on a scale of 1 – 10)?
• Why, specifically, is it attractive (or unattractive) to me?
• Does the research align with my longer-term goals (e.g., career goals, educational path, etc)?

Depending on how many potential options you have, you may want to consider creating a spreadsheet where you numerically rate each of the options in terms of these criteria. Remember to also include any criteria specified by your institution . From there, tally up the numbers and pick a winner.

Step 4 – Craft your problem statement

Once you’ve selected your research problem, the final step is to craft a problem statement. Remember, your problem statement needs to be a concise outline of what the core issue is and how your study will address it. Aim to fit this within one paragraph – don’t waffle on. Have a look at the problem statement example we mentioned earlier if you need some inspiration.

Key Takeaways

We’ve covered a lot of ground. Let’s do a quick recap of the key takeaways:

• A research problem is an explanation of the issue that your study will try to solve. This explanation needs to highlight the problem , the consequence and the solution or response.
• A problem statement is a clear and concise summary of the research problem , typically contained within one paragraph.
• Research problems emerge from research gaps , which themselves can emerge from multiple potential sources, including new frontiers, new contexts or disagreements within the existing literature.
• To find a research problem, you need to first identify your area of interest , then review the literature and develop a shortlist, after which you’ll evaluate your options, select a winner and craft a problem statement .

Psst... there’s more!

This post was based on one of our popular Research Bootcamps . If you're working on a research project, you'll definitely want to check this out ...

I APPRECIATE YOUR CONCISE AND MIND-CAPTIVATING INSIGHTS ON THE STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS. PLEASE I STILL NEED SOME SAMPLES RELATED TO SUICIDES.

Very pleased and appreciate clear information.

Your videos and information have been a life saver for me throughout my dissertation journey. I wish I’d discovered them sooner. Thank you!

Very interesting. Thank you. Please I need a PhD topic in climate change in relation to health.

Your posts have provided a clear, easy to understand, motivating literature, mainly when these topics tend to be considered “boring” in some careers.

Thank you, but i am requesting for a topic in records management

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45 Research Problem Examples & Inspiration

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

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A research problem is an issue of concern that is the catalyst for your research. It demonstrates why the research problem needs to take place in the first place.

Generally, you will write your research problem as a clear, concise, and focused statement that identifies an issue or gap in current knowledge that requires investigation.

The problem will likely also guide the direction and purpose of a study. Depending on the problem, you will identify a suitable methodology that will help address the problem and bring solutions to light.

Research Problem Examples

In the following examples, I’ll present some problems worth addressing, and some suggested theoretical frameworks and research methodologies that might fit with the study. Note, however, that these aren’t the only ways to approach the problems. Keep an open mind and consult with your dissertation supervisor!

Psychology Problems

1. Social Media and Self-Esteem: “How does prolonged exposure to social media platforms influence the self-esteem of adolescents?”

• Theoretical Framework : Social Comparison Theory
• Methodology : Longitudinal study tracking adolescents’ social media usage and self-esteem measures over time, combined with qualitative interviews.

2. Sleep and Cognitive Performance: “How does sleep quality and duration impact cognitive performance in adults?”

• Theoretical Framework : Cognitive Psychology
• Methodology : Experimental design with controlled sleep conditions, followed by cognitive tests. Participant sleep patterns can also be monitored using actigraphy.

3. Childhood Trauma and Adult Relationships: “How does unresolved childhood trauma influence attachment styles and relationship dynamics in adulthood?

• Theoretical Framework : Attachment Theory
• Methodology : Mixed methods, combining quantitative measures of attachment styles with qualitative in-depth interviews exploring past trauma and current relationship dynamics.

4. Mindfulness and Stress Reduction: “How effective is mindfulness meditation in reducing perceived stress and physiological markers of stress in working professionals?”

• Theoretical Framework : Humanist Psychology
• Methodology : Randomized controlled trial comparing a group practicing mindfulness meditation to a control group, measuring both self-reported stress and physiological markers (e.g., cortisol levels).

5. Implicit Bias and Decision Making: “To what extent do implicit biases influence decision-making processes in hiring practices?

• Theoretical Framework : Cognitive Dissonance Theory
• Methodology : Experimental design using Implicit Association Tests (IAT) to measure implicit biases, followed by simulated hiring tasks to observe decision-making behaviors.

6. Emotional Regulation and Academic Performance: “How does the ability to regulate emotions impact academic performance in college students?”

• Theoretical Framework : Cognitive Theory of Emotion
• Methodology : Quantitative surveys measuring emotional regulation strategies, combined with academic performance metrics (e.g., GPA).

7. Nature Exposure and Mental Well-being: “Does regular exposure to natural environments improve mental well-being and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression?”

• Theoretical Framework : Biophilia Hypothesis
• Methodology : Longitudinal study comparing mental health measures of individuals with regular nature exposure to those without, possibly using ecological momentary assessment for real-time data collection.

8. Video Games and Cognitive Skills: “How do action video games influence cognitive skills such as attention, spatial reasoning, and problem-solving?”

• Theoretical Framework : Cognitive Load Theory
• Methodology : Experimental design with pre- and post-tests, comparing cognitive skills of participants before and after a period of action video game play.

9. Parenting Styles and Child Resilience: “How do different parenting styles influence the development of resilience in children facing adversities?”

• Theoretical Framework : Baumrind’s Parenting Styles Inventory
• Methodology : Mixed methods, combining quantitative measures of resilience and parenting styles with qualitative interviews exploring children’s experiences and perceptions.

10. Memory and Aging: “How does the aging process impact episodic memory , and what strategies can mitigate age-related memory decline?

• Theoretical Framework : Information Processing Theory
• Methodology : Cross-sectional study comparing episodic memory performance across different age groups, combined with interventions like memory training or mnemonic strategies to assess potential improvements.

Education Problems

11. Equity and Access : “How do socioeconomic factors influence students’ access to quality education, and what interventions can bridge the gap?

• Theoretical Framework : Critical Pedagogy
• Methodology : Mixed methods, combining quantitative data on student outcomes with qualitative interviews and focus groups with students, parents, and educators.

12. Digital Divide : How does the lack of access to technology and the internet affect remote learning outcomes, and how can this divide be addressed?

• Theoretical Framework : Social Construction of Technology Theory
• Methodology : Survey research to gather data on access to technology, followed by case studies in selected areas.

13. Teacher Efficacy : “What factors contribute to teacher self-efficacy, and how does it impact student achievement?”

• Theoretical Framework : Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory
• Methodology : Quantitative surveys to measure teacher self-efficacy, combined with qualitative interviews to explore factors affecting it.

14. Curriculum Relevance : “How can curricula be made more relevant to diverse student populations, incorporating cultural and local contexts?”

• Theoretical Framework : Sociocultural Theory
• Methodology : Content analysis of curricula, combined with focus groups with students and teachers.

15. Special Education : “What are the most effective instructional strategies for students with specific learning disabilities?

• Theoretical Framework : Social Learning Theory
• Methodology : Experimental design comparing different instructional strategies, with pre- and post-tests to measure student achievement.

16. Dropout Rates : “What factors contribute to high school dropout rates, and what interventions can help retain students?”

• Methodology : Longitudinal study tracking students over time, combined with interviews with dropouts.

17. Bilingual Education : “How does bilingual education impact cognitive development and academic achievement?

• Methodology : Comparative study of students in bilingual vs. monolingual programs, using standardized tests and qualitative interviews.

18. Classroom Management: “What reward strategies are most effective in managing diverse classrooms and promoting a positive learning environment?

• Theoretical Framework : Behaviorism (e.g., Skinner’s Operant Conditioning)
• Methodology : Observational research in classrooms , combined with teacher interviews.

19. Standardized Testing : “How do standardized tests affect student motivation, learning, and curriculum design?”

• Theoretical Framework : Critical Theory
• Methodology : Quantitative analysis of test scores and student outcomes, combined with qualitative interviews with educators and students.

20. STEM Education : “What methods can be employed to increase interest and proficiency in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields among underrepresented student groups?”

• Theoretical Framework : Constructivist Learning Theory
• Methodology : Experimental design comparing different instructional methods, with pre- and post-tests.

21. Social-Emotional Learning : “How can social-emotional learning be effectively integrated into the curriculum, and what are its impacts on student well-being and academic outcomes?”

• Theoretical Framework : Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence Theory
• Methodology : Mixed methods, combining quantitative measures of student well-being with qualitative interviews.

22. Parental Involvement : “How does parental involvement influence student achievement, and what strategies can schools use to increase it?”

• Theoretical Framework : Reggio Emilia’s Model (Community Engagement Focus)
• Methodology : Survey research with parents and teachers, combined with case studies in selected schools.

23. Early Childhood Education : “What are the long-term impacts of quality early childhood education on academic and life outcomes?”

• Theoretical Framework : Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
• Methodology : Longitudinal study comparing students with and without early childhood education, combined with observational research.

24. Teacher Training and Professional Development : “How can teacher training programs be improved to address the evolving needs of the 21st-century classroom?”

• Theoretical Framework : Adult Learning Theory (Andragogy)
• Methodology : Pre- and post-assessments of teacher competencies, combined with focus groups.

25. Educational Technology : “How can technology be effectively integrated into the classroom to enhance learning, and what are the potential drawbacks or challenges?”

• Theoretical Framework : Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK)
• Methodology : Experimental design comparing classrooms with and without specific technologies, combined with teacher and student interviews.

Sociology Problems

26. Urbanization and Social Ties: “How does rapid urbanization impact the strength and nature of social ties in communities?”

• Theoretical Framework : Structural Functionalism
• Methodology : Mixed methods, combining quantitative surveys on social ties with qualitative interviews in urbanizing areas.

27. Gender Roles in Modern Families: “How have traditional gender roles evolved in families with dual-income households?”

• Theoretical Framework : Gender Schema Theory
• Methodology : Qualitative interviews with dual-income families, combined with historical data analysis.

28. Social Media and Collective Behavior: “How does social media influence collective behaviors and the formation of social movements?”

• Theoretical Framework : Emergent Norm Theory
• Methodology : Content analysis of social media platforms, combined with quantitative surveys on participation in social movements.

29. Education and Social Mobility: “To what extent does access to quality education influence social mobility in socioeconomically diverse settings?”

• Methodology : Longitudinal study tracking educational access and subsequent socioeconomic status, combined with qualitative interviews.

30. Religion and Social Cohesion: “How do religious beliefs and practices contribute to social cohesion in multicultural societies?”

• Methodology : Quantitative surveys on religious beliefs and perceptions of social cohesion, combined with ethnographic studies.

31. Consumer Culture and Identity Formation: “How does consumer culture influence individual identity formation and personal values?”

• Theoretical Framework : Social Identity Theory
• Methodology : Mixed methods, combining content analysis of advertising with qualitative interviews on identity and values.

32. Migration and Cultural Assimilation: “How do migrants negotiate cultural assimilation and preservation of their original cultural identities in their host countries?”

• Theoretical Framework : Post-Structuralism
• Methodology : Qualitative interviews with migrants, combined with observational studies in multicultural communities.

33. Social Networks and Mental Health: “How do social networks, both online and offline, impact mental health and well-being?”

• Theoretical Framework : Social Network Theory
• Methodology : Quantitative surveys assessing social network characteristics and mental health metrics, combined with qualitative interviews.

34. Crime, Deviance, and Social Control: “How do societal norms and values shape definitions of crime and deviance, and how are these definitions enforced?”

• Theoretical Framework : Labeling Theory
• Methodology : Content analysis of legal documents and media, combined with ethnographic studies in diverse communities.

35. Technology and Social Interaction: “How has the proliferation of digital technology influenced face-to-face social interactions and community building?”

• Theoretical Framework : Technological Determinism
• Methodology : Mixed methods, combining quantitative surveys on technology use with qualitative observations of social interactions in various settings.

Nursing Problems

36. Patient Communication and Recovery: “How does effective nurse-patient communication influence patient recovery rates and overall satisfaction with care?”

• Methodology : Quantitative surveys assessing patient satisfaction and recovery metrics, combined with observational studies on nurse-patient interactions.

37. Stress Management in Nursing: “What are the primary sources of occupational stress for nurses, and how can they be effectively managed to prevent burnout?”

• Methodology : Mixed methods, combining quantitative measures of stress and burnout with qualitative interviews exploring personal experiences and coping mechanisms.

38. Hand Hygiene Compliance: “How effective are different interventions in improving hand hygiene compliance among nursing staff, and what are the barriers to consistent hand hygiene?”

• Methodology : Experimental design comparing hand hygiene rates before and after specific interventions, combined with focus groups to understand barriers.

39. Nurse-Patient Ratios and Patient Outcomes: “How do nurse-patient ratios impact patient outcomes, including recovery rates, complications, and hospital readmissions?”

• Methodology : Quantitative study analyzing patient outcomes in relation to staffing levels, possibly using retrospective chart reviews.

40. Continuing Education and Clinical Competence: “How does regular continuing education influence clinical competence and confidence among nurses?”

• Methodology : Longitudinal study tracking nurses’ clinical skills and confidence over time as they engage in continuing education, combined with patient outcome measures to assess potential impacts on care quality.

Communication Studies Problems

41. Media Representation and Public Perception: “How does media representation of minority groups influence public perceptions and biases?”

• Theoretical Framework : Cultivation Theory
• Methodology : Content analysis of media representations combined with quantitative surveys assessing public perceptions and attitudes.

42. Digital Communication and Relationship Building: “How has the rise of digital communication platforms impacted the way individuals build and maintain personal relationships?”

• Theoretical Framework : Social Penetration Theory
• Methodology : Mixed methods, combining quantitative surveys on digital communication habits with qualitative interviews exploring personal relationship dynamics.

43. Crisis Communication Effectiveness: “What strategies are most effective in managing public relations during organizational crises, and how do they influence public trust?”

• Theoretical Framework : Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT)
• Methodology : Case study analysis of past organizational crises, assessing communication strategies used and subsequent public trust metrics.

44. Nonverbal Cues in Virtual Communication: “How do nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions and gestures, influence message interpretation in virtual communication platforms?”

• Theoretical Framework : Social Semiotics
• Methodology : Experimental design using video conferencing tools, analyzing participants’ interpretations of messages with varying nonverbal cues.

45. Influence of Social Media on Political Engagement: “How does exposure to political content on social media platforms influence individuals’ political engagement and activism?”

• Theoretical Framework : Uses and Gratifications Theory
• Methodology : Quantitative surveys assessing social media habits and political engagement levels, combined with content analysis of political posts on popular platforms.

Before you Go: Tips and Tricks for Writing a Research Problem

This is an incredibly stressful time for research students. The research problem is going to lock you into a specific line of inquiry for the rest of your studies.

So, here’s what I tend to suggest to my students:

• Start with something you find intellectually stimulating – Too many students choose projects because they think it hasn’t been studies or they’ve found a research gap. Don’t over-estimate the importance of finding a research gap. There are gaps in every line of inquiry. For now, just find a topic you think you can really sink your teeth into and will enjoy learning about.
• Take 5 ideas to your supervisor – Approach your research supervisor, professor, lecturer, TA, our course leader with 5 research problem ideas and run each by them. The supervisor will have valuable insights that you didn’t consider that will help you narrow-down and refine your problem even more.
• Trust your supervisor – The supervisor-student relationship is often very strained and stressful. While of course this is your project, your supervisor knows the internal politics and conventions of academic research. The depth of knowledge about how to navigate academia and get you out the other end with your degree is invaluable. Don’t underestimate their advice.

I’ve got a full article on all my tips and tricks for doing research projects right here – I recommend reading it:

• 9 Tips on How to Choose a Dissertation Topic

• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd-2/ 10 Reasons you’re Perpetually Single
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd-2/ 20 Montessori Toddler Bedrooms (Design Inspiration)
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd-2/ 21 Montessori Homeschool Setups
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd-2/ 101 Hidden Talents Examples

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Educational resources and simple solutions for your research journey

What is a Research Problem? Characteristics, Types, and Examples

A research problem is a gap in existing knowledge, a contradiction in an established theory, or a real-world challenge that a researcher aims to address in their research. It is at the heart of any scientific inquiry, directing the trajectory of an investigation. The statement of a problem orients the reader to the importance of the topic, sets the problem into a particular context, and defines the relevant parameters, providing the framework for reporting the findings. Therein lies the importance of research problem s.  

The formulation of well-defined research questions is central to addressing a research problem . A research question is a statement made in a question form to provide focus, clarity, and structure to the research endeavor. This helps the researcher design methodologies, collect data, and analyze results in a systematic and coherent manner. A study may have one or more research questions depending on the nature of the study.   

Identifying and addressing a research problem is very important. By starting with a pertinent problem , a scholar can contribute to the accumulation of evidence-based insights, solutions, and scientific progress, thereby advancing the frontier of research. Moreover, the process of formulating research problems and posing pertinent research questions cultivates critical thinking and hones problem-solving skills.   

Table of Contents

What is a Research Problem ?  

Before you conceive of your project, you need to ask yourself “ What is a research problem ?” A research problem definition can be broadly put forward as the primary statement of a knowledge gap or a fundamental challenge in a field, which forms the foundation for research. Conversely, the findings from a research investigation provide solutions to the problem .  

A research problem guides the selection of approaches and methodologies, data collection, and interpretation of results to find answers or solutions. A well-defined problem determines the generation of valuable insights and contributions to the broader intellectual discourse.  

Characteristics of a Research Problem  

Knowing the characteristics of a research problem is instrumental in formulating a research inquiry; take a look at the five key characteristics below:  

Novel : An ideal research problem introduces a fresh perspective, offering something new to the existing body of knowledge. It should contribute original insights and address unresolved matters or essential knowledge.   

Significant : A problem should hold significance in terms of its potential impact on theory, practice, policy, or the understanding of a particular phenomenon. It should be relevant to the field of study, addressing a gap in knowledge, a practical concern, or a theoretical dilemma that holds significance.  

Feasible: A practical research problem allows for the formulation of hypotheses and the design of research methodologies. A feasible research problem is one that can realistically be investigated given the available resources, time, and expertise. It should not be too broad or too narrow to explore effectively, and should be measurable in terms of its variables and outcomes. It should be amenable to investigation through empirical research methods, such as data collection and analysis, to arrive at meaningful conclusions A practical research problem considers budgetary and time constraints, as well as limitations of the problem . These limitations may arise due to constraints in methodology, resources, or the complexity of the problem.  

Clear and specific : A well-defined research problem is clear and specific, leaving no room for ambiguity; it should be easily understandable and precisely articulated. Ensuring specificity in the problem ensures that it is focused, addresses a distinct aspect of the broader topic and is not vague.  

Rooted in evidence: A good research problem leans on trustworthy evidence and data, while dismissing unverifiable information. It must also consider ethical guidelines, ensuring the well-being and rights of any individuals or groups involved in the study.

Types of Research Problems  

Across fields and disciplines, there are different types of research problems . We can broadly categorize them into three types.  

• Theoretical research problems

Theoretical research problems deal with conceptual and intellectual inquiries that may not involve empirical data collection but instead seek to advance our understanding of complex concepts, theories, and phenomena within their respective disciplines. For example, in the social sciences, research problem s may be casuist (relating to the determination of right and wrong in questions of conduct or conscience), difference (comparing or contrasting two or more phenomena), descriptive (aims to describe a situation or state), or relational (investigating characteristics that are related in some way).  

Here are some theoretical research problem examples :   

• Ethical frameworks that can provide coherent justifications for artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms, especially in contexts involving autonomous decision-making and moral agency.  
• Determining how mathematical models can elucidate the gradual development of complex traits, such as intricate anatomical structures or elaborate behaviors, through successive generations.  
• Applied research problems

Applied or practical research problems focus on addressing real-world challenges and generating practical solutions to improve various aspects of society, technology, health, and the environment.  

Here are some applied research problem examples :   

• Studying the use of precision agriculture techniques to optimize crop yield and minimize resource waste.  
• Designing a more energy-efficient and sustainable transportation system for a city to reduce carbon emissions.  
• Action research problems

Action research problems aim to create positive change within specific contexts by involving stakeholders, implementing interventions, and evaluating outcomes in a collaborative manner.  

Here are some action research problem examples :   

• Partnering with healthcare professionals to identify barriers to patient adherence to medication regimens and devising interventions to address them.  
• Collaborating with a nonprofit organization to evaluate the effectiveness of their programs aimed at providing job training for underserved populations.  

These different types of research problems may give you some ideas when you plan on developing your own.  

How to Define a Research Problem  

You might now ask “ How to define a research problem ?” These are the general steps to follow:   

• Look for a broad problem area: Identify under-explored aspects or areas of concern, or a controversy in your topic of interest. Evaluate the significance of addressing the problem in terms of its potential contribution to the field, practical applications, or theoretical insights.
• Learn more about the problem: Read the literature, starting from historical aspects to the current status and latest updates. Rely on reputable evidence and data. Be sure to consult researchers who work in the relevant field, mentors, and peers. Do not ignore the gray literature on the subject.
• Identify the relevant variables and how they are related: Consider which variables are most important to the study and will help answer the research question. Once this is done, you will need to determine the relationships between these variables and how these relationships affect the research problem . 
• Think of practical aspects : Deliberate on ways that your study can be practical and feasible in terms of time and resources. Discuss practical aspects with researchers in the field and be open to revising the problem based on feedback. Refine the scope of the research problem to make it manageable and specific; consider the resources available, time constraints, and feasibility.
• Formulate the problem statement: Craft a concise problem statement that outlines the specific issue, its relevance, and why it needs further investigation.
• Stick to plans, but be flexible: When defining the problem , plan ahead but adhere to your budget and timeline. At the same time, consider all possibilities and ensure that the problem and question can be modified if needed.

Key Takeaways  

• A research problem concerns an area of interest, a situation necessitating improvement, an obstacle requiring eradication, or a challenge in theory or practical applications.   
• The importance of research problem is that it guides the research and helps advance human understanding and the development of practical solutions.  
• Research problem definition begins with identifying a broad problem area, followed by learning more about the problem, identifying the variables and how they are related, considering practical aspects, and finally developing the problem statement.  
• Different types of research problems include theoretical, applied, and action research problems , and these depend on the discipline and nature of the study.  
• An ideal problem is original, important, feasible, specific, and based on evidence.  

Frequently Asked Questions  

Why is it important to define a research problem?  

Identifying potential issues and gaps as research problems is important for choosing a relevant topic and for determining a well-defined course of one’s research. Pinpointing a problem and formulating research questions can help researchers build their critical thinking, curiosity, and problem-solving abilities.   

How do I identify a research problem?  

Identifying a research problem involves recognizing gaps in existing knowledge, exploring areas of uncertainty, and assessing the significance of addressing these gaps within a specific field of study. This process often involves thorough literature review, discussions with experts, and considering practical implications.  

Can a research problem change during the research process?  

Yes, a research problem can change during the research process. During the course of an investigation a researcher might discover new perspectives, complexities, or insights that prompt a reevaluation of the initial problem. The scope of the problem, unforeseen or unexpected issues, or other limitations might prompt some tweaks. You should be able to adjust the problem to ensure that the study remains relevant and aligned with the evolving understanding of the subject matter.

How does a research problem relate to research questions or hypotheses?  

A research problem sets the stage for the study. Next, research questions refine the direction of investigation by breaking down the broader research problem into manageable components. Research questions are formulated based on the problem , guiding the investigation’s scope and objectives. The hypothesis provides a testable statement to validate or refute within the research process. All three elements are interconnected and work together to guide the research.  

R Discovery is a literature search and research reading platform that accelerates your research discovery journey by keeping you updated on the latest, most relevant scholarly content. With 250M+ research articles sourced from trusted aggregators like CrossRef, Unpaywall, PubMed, PubMed Central, Open Alex and top publishing houses like Springer Nature, JAMA, IOP, Taylor & Francis, NEJM, BMJ, Karger, SAGE, Emerald Publishing and more, R Discovery puts a world of research at your fingertips.  

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EMERGING TOPICS IN MANAGEMENT

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ENTREPRENEURSHIP

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FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTING

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GENERAL MANAGEMENT TOPICS

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HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

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INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY

Artificial Intelligence Bandwidth Bar Coding and Radio Frequency Identification Communication Competitive Intelligence Complexity Theory Computer Networks Computer Security Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Content Management System Data Processing and Data Management Decision Rules and Decision Analysis Decision Support Systems Delegation Electronic Commerce Electronic Data Interchange and Electronic Funds Transfer Environmentalism and Sustainability Experience and Learning Curves Expert Systems Forecasting Fuzzy Logic Handheld Computers Information Assurance Innovation The Internet Knowledge Centers Knowledge Management Knowledge Workers Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Management Information Systems Manufacturing Control via the Internet Metadata or Meta-Analysis Mobile Commerce Nanotechnology Product Design Project Management Robotics Service-Oriented Architecture Technology Management Technology Transfer Telecommunications Virtual Corporations Virtual Organizations Web 2.0 WiMax

INTERNATIONAL AND GLOBAL MANAGEMENT

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LEADERSHIP RESEARCH TOPICS

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LEGAL ISSUES

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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

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MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH

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PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND ASSESSMENT

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PERSONAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR MANAGERS

The Art and Science of Management Brainstorming Coalition Building Communication Consulting Contingency Approach to Management Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning Trends Continuous Improvement Customer Relationship Management Delegation Diversity Employee Assistance Programs Empowerment Entrepreneurship Facilitator Feedback Goals and Goal Setting Group Dynamics Intrapreneurship Knowledge Workers Leadership Styles and Bases of Power Managing Change Mentoring Morale Motivation and Motivation Theory Multimedia Organizing Participative Management Personality and Personality Tests Planning Popular Press Management Books Problem Solving Profit Sharing Safety in the Workplace Sensitivity Training Spirituality in Leadership Strategic Planning Tools Stress Succession Planning SWOT Analysis Teams and Teamwork Time Management Trends in Organizational Change Value Creation

PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

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QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

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SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Activity-Based Costing Business Process Reengineering Capacity Planning Cellular Manufacturing Coalition Building Communication Competitive Advantage Competitive Intelligence Computer Networks Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Conflict Management and Negotiation Customer Relationship Management Cycle Time Decision Support Systems Distribution and Distribution Requirements Planning Economies of Scale and Economies of Scope Effectiveness and Efficiency Electronic Commerce Electronic Data Interchange and Electronic Funds Transfer Enterprise Resource Planning Expert Systems Fulfillment Group Dynamics Industrial Relations Inventory Management Inventory Types Joint Ventures and Strategic Alliances Lean Manufacturing and Just-in-Time Production Location Strategy Logistics and Transportation Long Tail Make-or-Buy Decisions Manufacturing Resources Planning Market Share Multiple-Criteria Decision Making New Product Development Operations Management Operations Scheduling Operations Strategy Organic Organizations Organizing Poka-Yoke Problem Solving Process Management Product Design Product Life Cycle and Industry Life Cycle Production Planning and Scheduling Productivity Concepts and Measures Product-Process Matrix Purchasing and Procurement Quality and Total Quality Management Reverse Auction Reverse Supply Chain Logistics Risk Management Span of Control Stakeholders Teams and Teamwork Vendor Rating Warehousing and Warehouse Management

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

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Browse More Management Research Paper Topics:

• Business Management
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• Human Resource Management

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How to identify and resolve research problems

Updated August 23, 2024

In this article, we’re going to take you through one of the most pertinent parts of conducting research: a research problem (also known as a research problem statement).

When trying to formulate a good research statement, and understand how to solve it for complex projects, it can be difficult to know where to start.

Not only are there multiple perspectives (from stakeholders to project marketers who want answers), you have to consider the particular context of the research topic: is it timely, is it relevant and most importantly of all, is it valuable?

In other words: are you looking at a research worthy problem?

The fact is, a well-defined, precise, and goal-centric research problem will keep your researchers, stakeholders, and business-focused and your results actionable.

And when it works well, it's a powerful tool to identify practical solutions that can drive change and secure buy-in from your workforce.

Free eBook: The ultimate guide to market research

What is a research problem?

In social research methodology and behavioral sciences , a research problem establishes the direction of research, often relating to a specific topic or opportunity for discussion.

For example: climate change and sustainability, analyzing moral dilemmas or wage disparity amongst classes could all be areas that the research problem focuses on.

As well as outlining the topic and/or opportunity, a research problem will explain:

• why the area/issue needs to be addressed,
• why the area/issue is of importance,
• the parameters of the research study
• the research objective
• the reporting framework for the results and
• what the overall benefit of doing so will provide (whether to society as a whole or other researchers and projects).

Having identified the main topic or opportunity for discussion, you can then narrow it down into one or several specific questions that can be scrutinized and answered through the research process.

What are research questions?

Generating research questions underpinning your study usually starts with problems that require further research and understanding while fulfilling the objectives of the study.

A good problem statement begins by asking deeper questions to gain insights about a specific topic.

For example, using the problems above, our questions could be:

"How will climate change policies influence sustainability standards across specific geographies?"

"What measures can be taken to address wage disparity without increasing inflation?"

Developing a research worthy problem is the first step - and one of the most important - in any kind of research.

It’s also a task that will come up again and again because any business research process is cyclical. New questions arise as you iterate and progress through discovering, refining, and improving your products and processes. A research question can also be referred to as a "problem statement".

Note: good research supports multiple perspectives through empirical data. It’s focused on key concepts rather than a broad area, providing readily actionable insight and areas for further research.

Research question or research problem?

As we've highlighted, the terms “research question” and “research problem” are often used interchangeably, becoming a vague or broad proposition for many.

The term "problem statement" is far more representative, but finds little use among academics.

Instead, some researchers think in terms of a single research problem and several research questions that arise from it.

As mentioned above, the questions are lines of inquiry to explore in trying to solve the overarching research problem.

Ultimately, this provides a more meaningful understanding of a topic area.

It may be useful to think of questions and problems as coming out of your business data – that’s the O-data (otherwise known as operational data) like sales figures and website metrics.

What's an example of a research problem?

Your overall research problem could be: "How do we improve sales across EMEA and reduce lost deals?"

This research problem then has a subset of questions, such as:

"Why do sales peak at certain times of the day?"

"Why are customers abandoning their online carts at the point of sale?"

As well as helping you to solve business problems, research problems (and associated questions) help you to think critically about topics and/or issues (business or otherwise). You can also use your old research to aid future research -- a good example is laying the foundation for comparative trend reports or a complex research project.

(Also, if you want to see the bigger picture when it comes to research problems, why not check out our ultimate guide to market research? In it you'll find out: what effective market research looks like, the use cases for market research, carrying out a research study, and how to examine and action research findings).

The research process: why are research problems important?

A research problem has two essential roles in setting your research project on a course for success.

1. They set the scope

The research problem defines what problem or opportunity you’re looking at and what your research goals are. It stops you from getting side-tracked or allowing the scope of research to creep off-course .

Without a strong research problem or problem statement, your team could end up spending resources unnecessarily, or coming up with results that aren’t actionable - or worse, harmful to your business - because the field of study is too broad.

2. They tie your work to business goals and actions

To formulate a research problem in terms of business decisions means you always have clarity on what’s needed to make those decisions. You can show the effects of what you’ve studied using real outcomes.

Then, by focusing your research problem statement on a series of questions tied to business objectives, you can reduce the risk of the research being unactionable or inaccurate.

It's also worth examining research or other scholarly literature (you’ll find plenty of similar, pertinent research online) to see how others have explored specific topics and noting implications that could have for your research.

Four steps to defining your research problem

Image credit: http://myfreeschooltanzania.blogspot.com/2014/11/defining-research-problem.html

1. Observe and identify

Businesses today have so much data that it can be difficult to know which problems to address first. Researchers also have business stakeholders who come to them with problems they would like to have explored. A researcher’s job is to sift through these inputs and discover exactly what higher-level trends and key concepts are worth investing in.

This often means asking questions and doing some initial investigation to decide which avenues to pursue. This could mean gathering interdisciplinary perspectives identifying additional expertise and contextual information.

Sometimes, a small-scale preliminary study might be worth doing to help get a more comprehensive understanding of the business context and needs, and to make sure your research problem addresses the most critical questions.

This could take the form of qualitative research using a few in-depth interviews , an environmental scan, or reviewing relevant literature.

The sales manager of a sportswear company has a problem: sales of trail running shoes are down year-on-year and she isn’t sure why. She approaches the company’s research team for input and they begin asking questions within the company and reviewing their knowledge of the wider market.

2. Review the key factors involved

As a marketing researcher, you must work closely with your team of researchers to define and test the influencing factors and the wider context involved in your study. These might include demographic and economic trends or the business environment affecting the question at hand. This is referred to as a relational research problem.

To do this, you have to identify the factors that will affect the research and begin formulating different methods to control them.

You also need to consider the relationships between factors and the degree of control you have over them. For example, you may be able to control the loading speed of your website but you can’t control the fluctuations of the stock market.

Doing this will help you determine whether the findings of your project will produce enough information to be worth the cost.

You need to determine:

• which factors affect the solution to the research proposal.
• which ones can be controlled and used for the purposes of the company, and to what extent.
• the functional relationships between the factors.
• which ones are critical to the solution of the research study.

The research team at the running shoe company is hard at work. They explore the factors involved and the context of why YoY sales are down for trail shoes, including things like what the company’s competitors are doing, what the weather has been like – affecting outdoor exercise – and the relative spend on marketing for the brand from year to year.

The final factor is within the company’s control, although the first two are not. They check the figures and determine marketing spend has a significant impact on the company.

3. Prioritize

Once you and your research team have a few observations, prioritize them based on their business impact and importance. It may be that you can answer more than one question with a single study, but don’t do it at the risk of losing focus on your overarching research problem.

Questions to ask:

• Who? Who are the people with the problem? Are they end-users, stakeholders, teams within your business? Have you validated the information to see what the scale of the problem is?
• What? What is its nature and what is the supporting evidence?
• Why? What is the business case for solving the problem? How will it help?
• Where? How does the problem manifest and where is it observed?

To help you understand all dimensions, you might want to consider focus groups or preliminary interviews with external (including consumers and existing customers) and internal (salespeople, managers, and other stakeholders) parties to provide what is sometimes much-needed insight into a particular set of questions or problems.

After observing and investigating, the running shoe researchers come up with a few candidate questions, including:

• What is the relationship between US average temperatures and sales of our products year on year?
• At present, how does our customer base rank Competitor X and Competitor Y’s trail running shoe compared to our brand?
• What is the relationship between marketing spend and trail shoe product sales over the last 12 months?

They opt for the final question, because the variables involved are fully within the company’s control, and based on their initial research and stakeholder input, seem the most likely cause of the dive in sales. The research question is specific enough to keep the work on course towards an actionable result, but it allows for a few different avenues to be explored, such as the different budget allocations of offline and online marketing and the kinds of messaging used.

Get feedback from the key teams within your business to make sure everyone is aligned and has the same understanding of the research problem and questions, and the actions you hope to take based on the results. Now is also a good time to demonstrate the ROI of your research and lay out its potential benefits to your stakeholders.

Different groups may have different goals and perspectives on the issue. This step is vital for getting the necessary buy-in and pushing the project forward.

The running shoe company researchers now have everything they need to begin. They call a meeting with the sales manager and consult with the product team, marketing team, and C-suite to make sure everyone is aligned and has bought into the direction of the research topic. They identify and agree that the likely course of action will be a rethink of how marketing resources are allocated, and potentially testing out some new channels and messaging strategies .

Can you explore a broad area and is it practical to do so?

A broader research problem or report can be a great way to bring attention to prevalent issues, societal or otherwise, but are often undertaken by those with the resources to do so.

Take a typical government cybersecurity breach survey, for example. Most of these reports raise awareness of cybercrime, from the day-to-day threats businesses face to what security measures some organizations are taking. What these reports don't do, however, is provide actionable advice - mostly because every organization is different.

The point here is that while some researchers will explore a very complex issue in detail, others will provide only a snapshot to maintain interest and encourage further investigation. The "value" of the data is wholly determined by the recipients of it - and what information you choose to include.

To summarize, it can be practical to undertake a broader research problem, certainly, but it may not be possible to cover everything or provide the detail your audience needs. Likewise, a more systematic investigation of an issue or topic will be more valuable, but you may also find that you cover far less ground.

It's important to think about your research objectives and expected findings before going ahead.

Ensuring your research project is a success

A complex research project can be made significantly easier with clear research objectives, a descriptive research problem, and a central focus. All of which we've outlined in this article.

If you have previous research, even better. Use it as a benchmark

Remember: what separates a good research paper from an average one is actually very simple: valuable, empirical data that explores a prevalent societal or business issue and provides actionable insights.

And we can help.

Sophisticated research made simple with Qualtrics

Trusted by the world's best brands, our platform enables researchers from academic to corporate to tackle the hardest challenges and deliver the results that matter.

Our CoreXM platform supports the methods that define superior research and delivers insights in real-time. It's easy to use (thanks to drag-and-drop functionality) and requires no coding, meaning you'll be capturing data and gleaning insights in no time.

It also excels in flexibility; you can track consumer behavior across segments , benchmark your company versus competitors , carry out complex academic research, and do much more, all from one system.

It's one platform with endless applications, so no matter your research problem, we've got the tools to help you solve it. And if you don't have a team of research experts in-house, our market research team has the practical knowledge and tools to help design the surveys and find the respondents you need.

Of course, you may want to know where to begin with your own market research . If you're struggling, make sure to download our ultimate guide using the link below.

It's got everything you need and there’s always information in our research methods knowledge base.

Scott Smith

Scott Smith, Ph.D. is a contributor to the Qualtrics blog.

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Home » Research Problem – Examples, Types and Guide

Research Problem – Examples, Types and Guide

Table of Contents

Research Problem

Definition:

Research problem is a specific and well-defined issue or question that a researcher seeks to investigate through research. It is the starting point of any research project, as it sets the direction, scope, and purpose of the study.

Types of Research Problems

Types of Research Problems are as follows:

Descriptive problems

These problems involve describing or documenting a particular phenomenon, event, or situation. For example, a researcher might investigate the demographics of a particular population, such as their age, gender, income, and education.

Exploratory problems

These problems are designed to explore a particular topic or issue in depth, often with the goal of generating new ideas or hypotheses. For example, a researcher might explore the factors that contribute to job satisfaction among employees in a particular industry.

Explanatory Problems

These problems seek to explain why a particular phenomenon or event occurs, and they typically involve testing hypotheses or theories. For example, a researcher might investigate the relationship between exercise and mental health, with the goal of determining whether exercise has a causal effect on mental health.

Predictive Problems

These problems involve making predictions or forecasts about future events or trends. For example, a researcher might investigate the factors that predict future success in a particular field or industry.

Evaluative Problems

These problems involve assessing the effectiveness of a particular intervention, program, or policy. For example, a researcher might evaluate the impact of a new teaching method on student learning outcomes.

How to Define a Research Problem

Defining a research problem involves identifying a specific question or issue that a researcher seeks to address through a research study. Here are the steps to follow when defining a research problem:

• Identify a broad research topic : Start by identifying a broad topic that you are interested in researching. This could be based on your personal interests, observations, or gaps in the existing literature.
• Conduct a literature review : Once you have identified a broad topic, conduct a thorough literature review to identify the current state of knowledge in the field. This will help you identify gaps or inconsistencies in the existing research that can be addressed through your study.
• Refine the research question: Based on the gaps or inconsistencies identified in the literature review, refine your research question to a specific, clear, and well-defined problem statement. Your research question should be feasible, relevant, and important to the field of study.
• Develop a hypothesis: Based on the research question, develop a hypothesis that states the expected relationship between variables.
• Define the scope and limitations: Clearly define the scope and limitations of your research problem. This will help you focus your study and ensure that your research objectives are achievable.
• Get feedback: Get feedback from your advisor or colleagues to ensure that your research problem is clear, feasible, and relevant to the field of study.

Components of a Research Problem

The components of a research problem typically include the following:

• Topic : The general subject or area of interest that the research will explore.
• Research Question : A clear and specific question that the research seeks to answer or investigate.
• Objective : A statement that describes the purpose of the research, what it aims to achieve, and the expected outcomes.
• Hypothesis : An educated guess or prediction about the relationship between variables, which is tested during the research.
• Variables : The factors or elements that are being studied, measured, or manipulated in the research.
• Methodology : The overall approach and methods that will be used to conduct the research.
• Scope and Limitations : A description of the boundaries and parameters of the research, including what will be included and excluded, and any potential constraints or limitations.
• Significance: A statement that explains the potential value or impact of the research, its contribution to the field of study, and how it will add to the existing knowledge.

Research Problem Examples

Following are some Research Problem Examples:

Research Problem Examples in Psychology are as follows:

• Exploring the impact of social media on adolescent mental health.
• Investigating the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for treating anxiety disorders.
• Studying the impact of prenatal stress on child development outcomes.
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to addiction and relapse in substance abuse treatment.
• Examining the impact of personality traits on romantic relationships.

Research Problem Examples in Sociology are as follows:

• Investigating the relationship between social support and mental health outcomes in marginalized communities.
• Studying the impact of globalization on labor markets and employment opportunities.
• Analyzing the causes and consequences of gentrification in urban neighborhoods.
• Investigating the impact of family structure on social mobility and economic outcomes.
• Examining the effects of social capital on community development and resilience.

Research Problem Examples in Economics are as follows:

• Studying the effects of trade policies on economic growth and development.
• Analyzing the impact of automation and artificial intelligence on labor markets and employment opportunities.
• Investigating the factors that contribute to economic inequality and poverty.
• Examining the impact of fiscal and monetary policies on inflation and economic stability.
• Studying the relationship between education and economic outcomes, such as income and employment.

Political Science

Research Problem Examples in Political Science are as follows:

• Analyzing the causes and consequences of political polarization and partisan behavior.
• Investigating the impact of social movements on political change and policymaking.
• Studying the role of media and communication in shaping public opinion and political discourse.
• Examining the effectiveness of electoral systems in promoting democratic governance and representation.
• Investigating the impact of international organizations and agreements on global governance and security.

Environmental Science

Research Problem Examples in Environmental Science are as follows:

• Studying the impact of air pollution on human health and well-being.
• Investigating the effects of deforestation on climate change and biodiversity loss.
• Analyzing the impact of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems and food webs.
• Studying the relationship between urban development and ecological resilience.
• Examining the effectiveness of environmental policies and regulations in promoting sustainability and conservation.

Research Problem Examples in Education are as follows:

• Investigating the impact of teacher training and professional development on student learning outcomes.
• Studying the effectiveness of technology-enhanced learning in promoting student engagement and achievement.
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to achievement gaps and educational inequality.
• Examining the impact of parental involvement on student motivation and achievement.
• Studying the effectiveness of alternative educational models, such as homeschooling and online learning.

Research Problem Examples in History are as follows:

• Analyzing the social and economic factors that contributed to the rise and fall of ancient civilizations.
• Investigating the impact of colonialism on indigenous societies and cultures.
• Studying the role of religion in shaping political and social movements throughout history.
• Analyzing the impact of the Industrial Revolution on economic and social structures.
• Examining the causes and consequences of global conflicts, such as World War I and II.

Research Problem Examples in Business are as follows:

• Studying the impact of corporate social responsibility on brand reputation and consumer behavior.
• Investigating the effectiveness of leadership development programs in improving organizational performance and employee satisfaction.
• Analyzing the factors that contribute to successful entrepreneurship and small business development.
• Examining the impact of mergers and acquisitions on market competition and consumer welfare.
• Studying the effectiveness of marketing strategies and advertising campaigns in promoting brand awareness and sales.

Research Problem Example for Students

An Example of a Research Problem for Students could be:

“How does social media usage affect the academic performance of high school students?”

This research problem is specific, measurable, and relevant. It is specific because it focuses on a particular area of interest, which is the impact of social media on academic performance. It is measurable because the researcher can collect data on social media usage and academic performance to evaluate the relationship between the two variables. It is relevant because it addresses a current and important issue that affects high school students.

To conduct research on this problem, the researcher could use various methods, such as surveys, interviews, and statistical analysis of academic records. The results of the study could provide insights into the relationship between social media usage and academic performance, which could help educators and parents develop effective strategies for managing social media use among students.

Another example of a research problem for students:

“Does participation in extracurricular activities impact the academic performance of middle school students?”

This research problem is also specific, measurable, and relevant. It is specific because it focuses on a particular type of activity, extracurricular activities, and its impact on academic performance. It is measurable because the researcher can collect data on students’ participation in extracurricular activities and their academic performance to evaluate the relationship between the two variables. It is relevant because extracurricular activities are an essential part of the middle school experience, and their impact on academic performance is a topic of interest to educators and parents.

To conduct research on this problem, the researcher could use surveys, interviews, and academic records analysis. The results of the study could provide insights into the relationship between extracurricular activities and academic performance, which could help educators and parents make informed decisions about the types of activities that are most beneficial for middle school students.

Applications of Research Problem

Applications of Research Problem are as follows:

• Academic research: Research problems are used to guide academic research in various fields, including social sciences, natural sciences, humanities, and engineering. Researchers use research problems to identify gaps in knowledge, address theoretical or practical problems, and explore new areas of study.
• Business research : Research problems are used to guide business research, including market research, consumer behavior research, and organizational research. Researchers use research problems to identify business challenges, explore opportunities, and develop strategies for business growth and success.
• Healthcare research : Research problems are used to guide healthcare research, including medical research, clinical research, and health services research. Researchers use research problems to identify healthcare challenges, develop new treatments and interventions, and improve healthcare delivery and outcomes.
• Public policy research : Research problems are used to guide public policy research, including policy analysis, program evaluation, and policy development. Researchers use research problems to identify social issues, assess the effectiveness of existing policies and programs, and develop new policies and programs to address societal challenges.
• Environmental research : Research problems are used to guide environmental research, including environmental science, ecology, and environmental management. Researchers use research problems to identify environmental challenges, assess the impact of human activities on the environment, and develop sustainable solutions to protect the environment.

Purpose of Research Problems

The purpose of research problems is to identify an area of study that requires further investigation and to formulate a clear, concise and specific research question. A research problem defines the specific issue or problem that needs to be addressed and serves as the foundation for the research project.

Identifying a research problem is important because it helps to establish the direction of the research and sets the stage for the research design, methods, and analysis. It also ensures that the research is relevant and contributes to the existing body of knowledge in the field.

A well-formulated research problem should:

• Clearly define the specific issue or problem that needs to be investigated
• Be specific and narrow enough to be manageable in terms of time, resources, and scope
• Be relevant to the field of study and contribute to the existing body of knowledge
• Be feasible and realistic in terms of available data, resources, and research methods
• Be interesting and intellectually stimulating for the researcher and potential readers or audiences.

Characteristics of Research Problem

The characteristics of a research problem refer to the specific features that a problem must possess to qualify as a suitable research topic. Some of the key characteristics of a research problem are:

• Clarity : A research problem should be clearly defined and stated in a way that it is easily understood by the researcher and other readers. The problem should be specific, unambiguous, and easy to comprehend.
• Relevance : A research problem should be relevant to the field of study, and it should contribute to the existing body of knowledge. The problem should address a gap in knowledge, a theoretical or practical problem, or a real-world issue that requires further investigation.
• Feasibility : A research problem should be feasible in terms of the availability of data, resources, and research methods. It should be realistic and practical to conduct the study within the available time, budget, and resources.
• Novelty : A research problem should be novel or original in some way. It should represent a new or innovative perspective on an existing problem, or it should explore a new area of study or apply an existing theory to a new context.
• Importance : A research problem should be important or significant in terms of its potential impact on the field or society. It should have the potential to produce new knowledge, advance existing theories, or address a pressing societal issue.
• Manageability : A research problem should be manageable in terms of its scope and complexity. It should be specific enough to be investigated within the available time and resources, and it should be broad enough to provide meaningful results.

Advantages of Research Problem

The advantages of a well-defined research problem are as follows:

• Focus : A research problem provides a clear and focused direction for the research study. It ensures that the study stays on track and does not deviate from the research question.
• Clarity : A research problem provides clarity and specificity to the research question. It ensures that the research is not too broad or too narrow and that the research objectives are clearly defined.
• Relevance : A research problem ensures that the research study is relevant to the field of study and contributes to the existing body of knowledge. It addresses gaps in knowledge, theoretical or practical problems, or real-world issues that require further investigation.
• Feasibility : A research problem ensures that the research study is feasible in terms of the availability of data, resources, and research methods. It ensures that the research is realistic and practical to conduct within the available time, budget, and resources.
• Novelty : A research problem ensures that the research study is original and innovative. It represents a new or unique perspective on an existing problem, explores a new area of study, or applies an existing theory to a new context.
• Importance : A research problem ensures that the research study is important and significant in terms of its potential impact on the field or society. It has the potential to produce new knowledge, advance existing theories, or address a pressing societal issue.
• Rigor : A research problem ensures that the research study is rigorous and follows established research methods and practices. It ensures that the research is conducted in a systematic, objective, and unbiased manner.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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• 10 Research Question Examples to Guide Your Research Project

10 Research Question Examples to Guide your Research Project

Published on October 30, 2022 by Shona McCombes . Revised on October 19, 2023.

The research question is one of the most important parts of your research paper , thesis or dissertation . It’s important to spend some time assessing and refining your question before you get started.

The exact form of your question will depend on a few things, such as the length of your project, the type of research you’re conducting, the topic , and the research problem . However, all research questions should be focused, specific, and relevant to a timely social or scholarly issue.

Once you’ve read our guide on how to write a research question , you can use these examples to craft your own.

Note that the design of your research question can depend on what method you are pursuing. Here are a few options for qualitative, quantitative, and statistical research questions.

Other interesting articles

If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

Methodology

• Sampling methods
• Simple random sampling
• Stratified sampling
• Cluster sampling
• Likert scales
• Reproducibility

 Statistics

• Null hypothesis
• Statistical power
• Probability distribution
• Effect size
• Poisson distribution

Research bias

• Optimism bias
• Cognitive bias
• Implicit bias
• Hawthorne effect
• Anchoring bias
• Explicit bias

Cite this Scribbr article

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McCombes, S. (2023, October 19). 10 Research Question Examples to Guide your Research Project. Scribbr. Retrieved September 18, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/research-process/research-question-examples/

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Fig. 1 Conceptual Model of Statement of Problem

Source:  Adopted from Nixon (2019)

Step 1:  Observation of a Puzzling Event (Undesired State)

A study can be problem- or opportunity-based (Padede, 2018). A researcher may notice changes (attitudes, feelings, and actions) in the external environment (workplace, organisation, society, family, etc.) that are difficult to explain in terms of their implications. Such changes perplex researchers because they are not desired (Nixon, 2019). A researcher attempts to better understand the problem when confronted with such perplexing events/observations by first identifying and reading about the key concepts that ‘pop up’ in relation to the issue from time to time(Awal, 2019).Second, the researcher investigates the history of the issue to determine why it is so perplexing.  A quest for conceptual clarity, on the other hand, is motivated by the researcher’s background, which influences the theories used to describe and explain the problem (Awal, 2019).

Step 2: Linking the Puzzling Event to the Problem Context

In addition to determining the background of the perplexing problem and conceptual clarity, a researcher attempts to relate the broad concepts of the issue to a specific problem situation/context (Padede, 2018). According to Daellenbach and Mc Nickle (2015), context is the sum of all factors that can or may influence or shape the problem or issue under consideration.A researcher should focus on those aspects of the problem context that affect the measure of performance directly or indirectly and over which the researcher has no immediate control when describing the problem context (Nixon, 2019).

Step 3:Critical review of literature

The researcher is first confronted with observations of a perplexing event, and then conducts an intensive and extensive review of literature to obtain a conceptual clarity, background of the issue, and problem context (Padede, 2018). The researcher should also consider whether previous research groups have attempted to solve problems related to that issue, as well as any aspects of that issue that have not been addressed (Padede, 2018).

Step 4: Explanation of the Problem

Following that, the researcher clarifies the topic, structures the problem adequately, and envisions specific propositions or hypotheses that warrant further investigation (Olayemi, 2021). This process allows for a critical analysis of the problem by employing an “old” theory that can be used to tentatively structure the problem (Olayemi, 2021).  In contrast, the “old” theory may not fully explain the problem. To validate the “old” theory, other research methods (deduction and induction) will be used (Ochara, 2019; Olayemi, 2021).

Step 5: Generation of Propositions/Hypotheses/Research Questions

When the a researcher has developed an understanding of the study’s background, conceptual clarity, and a critical review of literature, the result will be a conceptual/theoretical framework that serves as the foundation for developing  propositions, hypotheses, and research questions for the perplexing issue/problem (Nixon, 2019; Muhammad &Kabir, 2018). Part of the outcome of the critical review of literature is the selection of an “old” theory that is used to tentatively describe and explain the problem without excluding new facts that may not have been included in the “old” theory (Nixon, 2019; Indeed Editorial Team, 2021).

Considerations in Formulating a Research Problem

A few factors must be considered by the researcher when formulating a research problem for a study. The following factors will make the research process more manageable and keep the researcher motivated.

• Interest : This is the most essential criterion to consider when identifying and formulating a research problem (Mahyuddin, Nasution, &Indra, 2019). The entire research process is typically time consuming and labour intensive. If the topic chosen does not pique the researcher’s interest, it will be difficult to maintain motivation to write (Mahyuddin, Nasution, &Indra, 2019; Shoket, 2014).Before developing a research problem, researchers must ensure that they have an extent of expertise in the field. They will conduct the study using the information they gathered as well as assistance from their supervisors (Mahyuddin, Nasution, & Indra, 2019; Shoket, 2014).
• Data Availability: If the research title necessitates the collection of information (journal, reports, proceedings) before finalisation, the researcher must ensure that these materials are available and in the appropriate format (Rashid, 2022; Sharma, 2015; Shoket, 2014).
• Relevance: Researchers should always select a topic that is relevant to their interests and profession. They must ensure that their research contributes to the existing body of knowledge. Of course, this will assist them in maintaining their interest all through the study period (Mahyuddin, Nasution & Indra, 2019; Muhammad &Kabir, 2018; Rashid, 2022).
• Ethics: When developing a research problem, researchers should consider some ethical issues. It is critical to follow ethical guidelines when developing a research problem in order to establish the research’s validity (Rashid, 2022; Akhtar, 2014).

Evaluation of Research Problems 

After identifying and formulating a potential research problem, the researcher must evaluate it to ensure that it is suitable for research. A research problem is considered appropriate if it is supported by the literature, significant, timely, novel, specific, and researchable. Stronger research problems are more likely to be published, presented, and successfully applied (Kebritchi, 2017).

• Supported by the Literature: The research problem should be topical and backed up by several current peer-reviewed studies (Kebritchi, 2017). Regardless of whether the identified problem is based on a single journal article or dissertation recommendation, the researcher must carry out a literature search to make sure that it has been confirmed by other researchers, as well as additional research to address the problem (Awal, 2021; Kebritchi, 2017; Akhtar, 2014).
• Significant: The research problem should be beneficial to the field. The impact can be both practical and conceptual, with the work advancing the field by filling a knowledge gap (Kebritchi, 2017).
• Timely: The research problem ought to be pertinent to present-day field needs and well suited to the current state of the field’s issues (Ezeogu, 2016). Examine the subjects covered in current field journals. Examine requests from appropriate disciplinary organisations. Examine the research agenda’s centre and focus areas. Identifying a current issue in the field and supporting it with recent literature can help to justify the problem’s timeliness (Ezeogu, 2016).
• Novel: The research problem should be unique and original. Its goal should be to fill a knowledge or application gap (Nixon, 2019). A comprehensive review of the literature can help the researcher determine whether the problem has previously been solved with a specific sample and/or context (Kebritchi, 2017). Speaking with subject matter experts can shed light on a problem (Ezeogu, 2016). The replication of an existing study warrants further discussion of value, but novelty can be found in determining whether an already-solved problem holds true in a new sample and/or context (Mahyuddin, Nasution, &Indra, 2019; Shoket, 2014; Kebritchi, 2017).
• Specific and Clear: The research problem should be specific enough to guide the study, pose research questions, and select the best research method and design. Vague research problems may be ineffective in terms of defining the scope of the study or developing research questions (McCombes, 2021; Shoket, 2014; Kebritchi, 2017).
• Researchable: To solve research problems, the scientific method is used. This means that research-ability, or the feasibility of the problem, is likewise as important as all other characteristics (McCombes, 2021). The researcher should be able to solve the problem using his or her abilities as well as the available research methods, designs, research sites, resources, and timeframe. If a research problem possesses all of the characteristics listed above but is not researchable, it may not be an appropriate research problem (Amar, 2017).

Research Problem Statement

Following the identification of the research problem for a project, researchers must write a problem statement, which is the cornerstone of management sciences research and any other research  (Miles, 2019; McCombes, 2021).A problem statement is primarily a statement of a problem in a field that has been documented, verified, and supported by literature and is having an adverse or negative impact on some elements of the field (Ellis &Yair, 2018). The goal of research is for the researcher to look at a problem and potentially come up with a solution or some kind of innovation that will either solve or reduce the problem and benefit those in that field (Mahyuddin, Nasution & Indra, 2019). A problem statement is a concise description or overview of the problem or problems that a project intends to address. The problem statement specifies the current state, the desired future state, and any gaps that exist (Mahyuddin et al., 2019). A problem statement is a useful communication tool that serves to make sure everyone involved in a project comprehends the problem and why the project is essential (Muhammad &Kabir, 2018).

Writing a problem statement in management science research can assist researchers in contextualising and comprehending the significance of the research problem (Muhammad &Kabir, 2018). A problem statement can be a number of paragraphs long and be used as the foundation for a research proposal, or it may be summed up in a few sentences in the introduction section of the paper or thesis (Mc Combes, 2021). The problem statement will vary based on if the researcher deals with a practical real-world issue or a theoretical scientific issue. However, all problem statements follow the same procedure (Kirsten, 2016).

A problem statement’s purpose includes the following as highlighted by Mc Combes (2021):

• Put the issue into context (what is already known?)
• Describe the specific issue that the research will address (what information is required to be known?)
• Demonstrate the problem’s relevance (why is it important to know about it?)
• Set the research objectives (what will be done to find out?)
• Provides a framework for reporting the findings, indicating what is likely to be required to conduct the study and explaining how the findings will present this information.

Characteristics of Problem Statement

• Some characteristics of problem statement as highlighted by (Kirsten, 2016) includes:
• Clarity and precision (a well-written statement avoids broad generalisations and irresponsible assertions).
• Identifying what will be studied while steering clear of the use of value-laden words and terms.
• Identifying an overarching question as well as key factors or variables.
• Identifying key concepts and terms.
• Articulation of the study’s boundaries or parameters.
• It is limited in scope, but it does have some generalisability in terms of applicability and bringing results into general use.
• Communication of the study’s importance, benefits, and justification (irrespective of the type of research, it is critical to address the “so what” question by demonstrating that the research is not trivial).
• It is unique and has not been addressed previously (for example, it addresses a different research question or is applied in a novel way).
• Can be found in the literature. It must be significant, as demonstrated by the literature.
• It is neither the researcher’s opinion nor a problem that the researcher believes exists, but it should have an adverse effect on some aspect of their field.

Parts of a Problem Statement

Kirsten (2016) identified two major parts of problem statement, which are as follows:

The General Problem: This is essentially a general problem statement that serves as the introduction to the problem statement. It helps to set the tone for the gravity of the situation. It is necessary as a foundation for gaining a better understanding of the specific problem (This is essentially a general problem statement that serves as the introduction to the problem statement. It helps to set the tone for the gravity of the situation. It is necessary as a foundation for gaining a better understanding of the specific problem (Kirsten, 2016; Amar, 2017).The general problem comes before the specific problem in the problem statement (Kirsten, 2016). The researcher should describe the general problem that the study will address based on defined needs or gaps in the literature when writing the problem statement (Miles, 2019).

The Specific (Localised) Problem /Gap : Kirsten (2016) defines this as the specific issues that the researcher wishes to address. It reveals how a general problem affects a specific organisation or population, allowing the researcher to aid in the research (Kirsten, 2016). The researcher must spell out the specific problem(s) in a problem statement, citing sources to prove that it is a problem (Miles, 2019). The researcher must specify the scope of the problem, including where and for whom the problem will be researched, as well as the public who will be affected if the problem is not solved or who will benefit if it is solved. Furthermore, how the problem is related to business (Kirsten, 2016).

Flow of Ideas in a Problem Statement in a Research Paper

Fischler (2019) highlighted the following model of idea flow in a problem statement in a research paper or thesis.

Fig 2. Flow of Ideas in the Problem Statement

Source: Adopted from Fischler (2019)

• The Topic: This is a synopsis of the proposed research area. It must contain at least two sentences (Fischler, 2019).
• The General Problem: This is a point of contention, concern, or conflict (a gap between what is desired and what is observed). It ought to incorporate the most pertinent reference to back up the claim(Kirsten, 2016; Fischler, 2019).
• Background and Justification : The evidence and relevance from the literature and published or archival data demonstrating the existence of the problem. At least two references should be included. Researchers should also have a theoretical basis for their research(Kirsten, 2016; Fischler, 2019).
• Deficiencies in the Evidence/Gap/ localised problem : It should include a brief discussion of the area of need (in relation to the overall problem) and the lack of evidence in the literature (Mc Combes, 2021; Kirsten, 2016; Fischler, 2019).
• Audience: It must address who is affected and who benefits (Fischler, 2019).
• Purpose of the Study: Make a sentence that begins, “The purpose of this study is…” The researcher must clearly identify and define the study’s central concepts or ideas (Fischler, 2019).

Identifying the research problem, is the issue being addressed in this study, it is the first and most important step in undertaking a research. A research problem is derived from a topic, or the broad subject matter addressed in a study. Given that a topic is chosen based on factors such as interests, expertise, relevance, data availability, manageability, contribution to literature, and ethics, the research problem is assumed to meet these criteria. The presence of these factors may indicate that the problem can and should be investigated. This article discussed the issue with identification of research problem for novice and burgeoning researchers. It discussed the sources and types of research problem. The article provided a conceptual models and tools for helping researchers with formulating the research problem as well as criteria for evaluating the research problem. This article contributes to the research method literature by emphasising the significance of research problem identification and the critical factors.

It also discussed the research problem statement, which is succinctly stated in one or more concise paragraph but not exceeds one page by including five elements.  The five elements includes the topic, research problem, justification for research problem, deficiencies in the evidence/ gap, relating discussions to audience, and purpose.  The study in addition provided a conceptual model for the flow of ideas in the research problem statement. The development of the problem statement is an integral part of the research endeavor. Possibly future studies in research methods and strategies could provide further development on problem statement in research.

RECOMMENDATIONS

The following recommendations are made based on the findings of the study.

• Researchers should identify and formulate appropriate research problem with the aid of the model of the study because the research problem is the foundation for all types of research.
• Researchers should be more cognizant of research problem identification and appropriate methods for developing a problem statement by publishing articles on the subject in peer-reviewed journals.
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• Ahsanullah, M., Najibullah, N., & Sarwar, E. (2021). The impact of organisational culture on employee’s performance: An overview. International Journal of Management (IJM), 11(8), 879-888.
• Akhtar, I. (2014). Problem formulation in social science research. International Journal of Research (IJR), 1(11), 1210-1216
• Akinyele, S. T., Akinyele, E. F.,& Joseph, A. D. (2021). Technopreneurship and performance of women entrepreneurs in small-scale enterprise: A study of selected firms in Ado Odo Ota. International Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences, 22 (4), 149-172.
• Alvesson, M.,& Sandberg, J. (2013). Constructing research questions: Doing interesting research. London, Sage.
• Alvesson, M.,& Sandberg, J. (2013). Generating research questions through problematisation. Academy of Management Review, 36 (2), 247–254.
• Amar, K. T. (2017). Research methodology. Retrieved from: https://www.lkouniv.ac.in/site/writereaddata/site Content/202004161028054465pravish_its_Research_Methdology.pdf
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• Bryman, A. (2007).The research question in social research: What is its role?”  International Journal of Social Research Methodology , 10 (1), 5-20.
• Daellenbach, H. G., & Mc Nickle, D. C. (2015). Management science decision making through systems thinking. Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
• Ellis, T. J., & Yair, L. N. (2018). Framework of problem-based research: A guide for novice researchers on the development of a research-worthy problem. Informing Science: the International Journal of an Emerging Trans-discipline, 11 (1), 17-33.
• Ezeogu, L. I. (2016). Selecting and defining a research problem. Retrieved June 24, 2022 from: https://oer.unizik.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2017/11/selecting-and-defining-a-research-problem.pdf
• Fischler, A. (2019). From problem statement to research questions. Retrieved May 7, 2022 from: https://education.nova.edu/Resources/uploads/ app/35/files/ arc_doc /from_problem_ statement_to_research_questions.pdf
• Gallupe, R. B. (2007). Research contributions: The tyranny of methodologies in information systems research. ACM SIGMIS Database, 38(3), 46–57.
• Kirsten, K. (City U Doctoral Studies). (2016, July 19). The problem statement (Video). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8h3zhfUVqJo
• Kowo, S. A., Akinbola, O. A. & Akinrinola, O. (2019). The impact of process innovation on organisational performance. ACTA Univesitatis Danubius, 15(2), 115-132.
• Hashimi, H. (2015). Types of research questions. Nursing, 4(3), 23–25.
• Indeed Editorial Team (2021). How to formulate research problems in six steps. Retrieved August 4, 2022 from: https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/research-problem.
• Kebritchi, M. (2017). How to Identify an Appropriate Research Problem. Retrieved July 23, 2022 from: https://research.phoenix.edu/blog/how-identify-appropriate-research-problem
• Mahyuddin, K. M., Nasution, O. &Indra, A. (2019). Design of the research problem statement Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1235 012115
• McCombes, S. (2021). Write a problem statement for your research in three steps. Retrieved April 4, 2022 from: https: //www.scribbr.com/research-process/problem-statement/
• Miles, D. A. (2019). Problem statement development: How to write a problem statement in a dissertation. Retrieved June 7, 2022 from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333648926
• Mohammad, Q., & Ahmad, A. (2021). The impact of knowledge management on organisational performance: An empirical study of Kuwait University. Eurasian Journal of Business and Management, 3(4), 36-54.
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• Sharma, S. L. (2015). Identification and formulation of research problem. Journal of the Indian Law Institute, 24 (2/3), 662-668.
• Shoket, M. (2014). Research problem: Identification and formulation. International Journal of Research (IJR), 1(4), 512-518.
• Simmi K. R., Tanu, A.,& John, R. (2019). Formulation of research question – stepwise approach. Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons 24(1): 15–20.
• Sivakumar, S., & Szalinski, C. (2016). How to choose a research area. Retrieved March 15, 2022 from: https://www.ascb.org/compass/compass -points/choose-research-area/
• Suleman, A., & Ogbette, A. S. (2019). Human resource management: Implications of outsourcing in public organisations in Nigeria. Public Policy and Administration Research, 9(2), 27-31.
• UR Office of Arizona University. (2018). Identify Your Research Interests. Retrieved August 28, from: https://ur.arizona.edu/content/identify-your-research-interests
• Walia, A., & Chetty, P. (2020). Different types of research problems and their examples. Retrieved May 15, 2022 from: https://www.projectguru.in/research-problem-types-and-example/
• Walliman, N. (2011). Your research project: Designing and planning your work. Third edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

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100s of Free Management Dissertation Topics and Titles

Published by Grace Graffin at January 6th, 2023 , Revised On April 16, 2024

Introduction

The subject of management involves an in-depth understanding of the various aspects of business management, such as employee management, risk management, organisational behaviour, and many more.

When choosing a topic for your management dissertation, make sure to consider diverse topics that explore both the theoretical and practical aspects of management.

We understand that getting a dissertation topic approved can be extremely challenging as academic supervisors require students to research a unique case.

This is where our team of writers comes into play. Our writers can up with exciting and manageable management dissertation topics to help get the juices flowing in your head so you can write your dissertation on a unique and engaging topic.

You may also want to start your dissertation by requesting  a brief research proposal  from our writers on any of these topics, which includes an  introduction  to the topic,  research question ,  aim and objectives ,  literature review  along with the proposed  methodology  of research to be conducted.  Let us know  if you need any help in getting started.

Check our  dissertation examples  to get an idea of  how to structure your dissertation .

Review the full list of  dissertation topics for here.

How to Select the Best Management Dissertation Topic?

A dissertation topic must be selected based on research interests, availability of data, time limitations, and the research’s scope and significance. The following management dissertation topics are carefully shortlisted while considering all these parameters. Please review these topics and let us know if you have any queries.

Also Read: Operations Management Dissertation Topics

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• HRM Dissertation Topics
• Operations Management Dissertation Topics

2024 Management Research Topics

Topic 1: an evaluation of organizational change management- why do people tend to oppose change.

Research Aim: The research will aim to assess the structure of organizational change management and to find the reasons why people resist or oppose the changes in an organization. There are many reasons through which change in organization’s management becomes important but some employees’ does not accept that changes. There are many reasons why people resist changes on organization. In certain circumstances, resistance to change might be beneficial. Resistance to change is, in fact, a crucial feedback mechanism that must not be neglected.

Topic 2: Investigating the effectiveness of customer relationship management in airlines

Research Aim: The research will aim to study the efficiency of CRM in airlines. Customer relationship management has evolved into a critical technique used by every corporation to better its operations and obtain a competitive advantage over competitors. Customer relationship management has evolved into a key priority for airline firms and an integral part of airline businesses’ corporate strategy to distinguish themselves from rivals in the eyes of the consumer. The goal of facility organisations, such as airlines, is to provide services that attract and maintain satisfied, loyal customers who promote the airline.

Topic 3: How does leadership affect employees’ productivity? A case of IT firms

Research Aim: This research will focus on leadership positions in IT organisations with the goal of increasing staff productivity and performance. Leadership is essential for increasing employee retention, career drive, and efficiency. Most companies’ progress is accelerated by effective leadership. As a result, it is critical to organisational success. Employee performance, on the other hand, is a critical pillar of every firm, and companies must examine the variables that contribute to great performance. Leadership is based on confidence, which is based on skill, sincerity, ethics, transparency, reactivity, empathy, and kindness.

Topic 4: The effect of organisation advancement tools on business performance

Research Aim: The research will aim to find the effect of organization advancement on business performance. Organizational tools are objects that assist you in organising your workspace, resources, and tasks in order to make your workday more effective. Physical instruments, planners, and software platforms are examples of what they can be. Organization advancement tools are a great source to improve your business performance as they help you in managing your daily tasks and workforce.

Topic 5: The importance of leadership and social skills in new entrepreneurs: An investigative study

Research Aim: The research will aim to investigate the importance of leadership and social skills in new entrepreneurs. Developing talent, introducing innovative goods and services, delivering efficiency, and gaining market share all benefit from improved leadership qualities. If you wish to stay small, you might be able to get away with not growing your leaders. Otherwise, it will restrict your progress. Social skills enable entrepreneurs to interact with customers more effectively, resulting in more agreements and more profitability.

Covid-19 Management Research Topics

Crisis management during covd-19.

Research Aim: This study will identify crisis management aspects during COVD-19, including its challenges and solutions.

Business management during COVID-19

Research Aim: This study will review business executives’ challenges in various scale industries and how they are recovering from the loss. How far did they succeed?

Hospital and medicine management during COVID-19

Research Aim: This study will highlight the role of hospital management during COVID-19, the challenges they came across, and the ways to overcome those challenges.

Educational management during COVID-19

Research Aim: This study will address the issues faced by students and educational institutes. How are they trying to overcome the challenges of imparting education during the coronavirus pandemics?

Maternal health care management during COVID-19

Research Aim: The lockdown situation has been an issue of concern for the patients, including pregnant women. This study will address the role of Maternal health care management during COVID-19.

Management Dissertation Topics for 2023

Topic 1: analyzing the traditions and trends in public administration and management in post-wwii europe.

Research Aim: The purpose of the research will be to analyze the characteristics of cultural and national communities that have influenced public administration and management in the 1970s and 1980s in Europe. The study will be carried out using a systematic literature review.

Topic 2: The Impact of Gender-inclusive Gatekeeping and Predecessors Influence on the Success of Female CEOs

Research Aim: The purpose of the research will explore how local organisational agents and contexts can help women leaders overcome barriers and achieve success at higher levels in corporate firms. The study will focus on CEO succession events and predecessor CEOS factors and their influence on women post-succession. The research design will be developed qualitatively.

Topic 3: Analysing the Impact of Daily Psychological Power on Organisational Leaders

Research Aim: The research will use quantitative techniques to analyze power-holders relational and interdependent work contexts. The study will examine the effect of daily psychological power using the factors of abusive behaviour and perceived incivility.

Topic 4: Examining the Impact of Cultural Diversity on Interaction Process and Performance

Research Aim: Using quantitative techniques, the research will analyse the interaction process and performance factors in two groups of employees in the services industry – homogenous and culturally diverse. The effectiveness in operation and arrangements will be examined.

Topic 5: Analyzing the Impact of ‘Voice’ and ‘Silence’ on Destructive Leadership

Research Aim: The research will examine the limited and biased view of silence in management literature. The study will also analyse the impact of silence in an organisation in terms of a functional value using quantitative research techniques. Furthermore, how silence in organisations can be used as a strategic response will be discussed.

Topic 6: Examining the Relationship between Productivity, Management Practices, and Employee Ability in the UK Setting

Research Aim: Using quantitative techniques, the study will analyse a relationship between productivity, management practices, and employee ability using data from management practices surveys and employees’ longitudinal earnings records.

Topic 7: Analysing the Factors that Impact International Differences in Gender Pay Gap

Research Aim: The research will use quantitative techniques to analyse microdata from various countries between 1980 and 2010. The study will use the factors of wage structures, net supply, wage compression, collective bargaining coverage, and unionised wage setting to identify the lower gender pay gap internationally.

Topic 8: The Impact of Psychosocial Hazards on Workplace Risk Management

Research Aim: The study will investigate workplace risk management practices in industry sectors with a high risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and mental health disorders (MHDs) and the extent to which they may rise from psychosocial hazards. The research will be conducted using qualitative research techniques.

Strategic Management and Organisational Behavior Dissertation Topics

Strategic management and organisational behaviour can be described as the actions a firm takes to achieve its business objectives primarily derived from competitive markets’ dynamic behaviour. Following are some interesting dissertation topics under this field of study;

Topic 1: The Impact of Organisational Goals on Organisation Behavior

Research Aim: The primary focus of this research will be to combine factors from the theory of action, phases and self-determination theory to develop a motivational model that will explain the relationship between organisational goals setting process that lead to organisational behaviour. The research will be conducted using mixed methods of research techniques.

Topic 2: Integrating the Principles of Strategic Human Capital and Strategic Human Resource Management to Improve Organisational Performance

Topic 3: comparing the impact of family and non-family firm goals on strategy, family and organisational behavior.

Research Aim: This research will analyse the differences between family and non-family business goals and their impact on how businesses develop strategies. Also, the research will assess how these developed strategies would affect family and organisational behaviour. This research will use quantitative research techniques.

Topic 4: Analyzing the Effect of Strategy, Innovation, Networks and Complexity on Organisational Adaptability – The Mediating Effect of Leadership

Research Aim: The current study will use empirical analysis to examine the effects of strategy, innovation, networks, and complexity of organisational adaptability using leadership as a mediation factor.

Topic 5: Examining the Effect of Appointment of a Racial Minority Female CEO on White Male Top Manager Intrapsychic and Behavioral Responses

Research Aim: This research will examine white male managers’ behavioural responses to a female racial minority CEO’s appointment. The behaviour that the research will analyse is the amount of help that the white male top manager provides to their fellow executives. The research will be conducted using quantitative techniques.

Topic 6: Analysis of the Effectiveness of an Affect-Based Model to Portray Recipients Responses to Organisational Change Events

Research Aim: The study will use the Affect-Based Model developed by Oreg et al. (2016) to analyse if it is useful in documenting and portraying the recipient responses to organisational change events. The research will use factors of valence and activation to assess the effectiveness of the model. The study will be conducted using quantitative techniques.

Topic 7: Evaluating the Relationship between the personality of a CEO and Employee Motivation

Research Aim: This research will investigate the relationship between a CEO’s personality and employee motivation. The core of this study will be to assess whether a CEO’s character possesses the power to influence employee motivation or not. Case studies from various companies will be used in this study.

Topic 8: Assessing the Role of Managers in Bringing and Implementing Technological Change in an Organisation

Research Aim: This research will focus on how managers implement technological change in their organisations. Change management is challenging as not all employees are open to accepting change. This research will focus on various ways through which managers successfully implement technological change in their companies.

Topic 9: An Analysis of Organisational Change Management: Why Employees Resist Change?

Research Aim: This research will focus on why employees resist change in organisations, i.e., why employees dislike change. Different causes and factors will be discussed in this study, and the research will conclude why employees do not wholeheartedly accept the change.

Knowledge Management Dissertation Topics

The importance of knowledge management for organisations can’t be understated because this aspect of management enhances the workforce’s capabilities and overall productivity. It leads to a competitive advantage and provides the basis for differentiating an organisation from its competitors. Some interesting dissertation topics under this field are;

Topic 1: Examining the Impact of Enterprise Social Networking Systems (ESNS) on Knowledge Management and Organisational Learning

Research Aim: The research will investigate the effect of ESNS on knowledge management processes and organisational learning. The research will use knowledge creation and sharing to play the mediating role in analysing the proposed relationship. The proposed study will use empirical research methods.

Topic 2: A Review of Knowledge Management Research

Research Aim: The research paper will use a systematic literature review technique for the proposed study. The research will review the last twenty years of knowledge management literature to assess the presence of bias in explaining knowledge integration over research by exploring knowledge differentiation processes.

Topic 3: The Impact of the Internet of Things (IoT) on Innovation and Knowledge Management Capacity

Research Aim: The purpose of this research will be to investigate the plausible relationship between knowledge management systems, open innovation, knowledge management capacity, and innovation capacity in firms. The research will be conducted using empirical techniques to draw reliable conclusions.

Topic 4: The Impact of Strategic Knowledge Management on MNC and their Subsidiaries Performance

Research Aim: The research will develop a model to test the possibility of a relationship between strategic knowledge management (SKM) processes and organisation performance compared between multinational companies and their subsidiaries. The research will also analyse the impact of relational context on knowledge creation and transfer.

Topic 5: Analyzing the Relationship between Knowledge Management Practices and Knowledge Worker Performance - The Mediating Role of Organisational Commitment

Research Aim: The study will analyse the role of knowledge management practices to address the issues of insufficient organisational commitment and knowledge workers’ performance in the UK’s public sectors. The proposed study will use quantitative research techniques to fulfil its aim and objectives.

Topic 6: The Relationship between Knowledge Management Processes and Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Private Business Schools in the UK

Research Aim: The proposed research will explore the impact of knowledge management processes on sustainable completive advantages by using knowledge-based view (KBV) and resource-based view (RBV) as mediators in the relationship. The research will be conducted using quantitative techniques of data collection (i.e. questionnaire) and analysis (i.e. structural equation modelling).

Topic 7: The Impact of Strategic Knowledge Management on Manufacturing Firm’s Performance

Research Aim: The purpose of the study will be to empirically investigate the relationship between the availability and use of IT solutions for strategic knowledge management and a manufacturing firm’s performance, which will be measured in unit production. The research will use the resource-based view and the knowledge-based theory to develop a conceptual framework to analyze this relationship’s effect.

Topic 8: Evaluating how Knowledge Management Impacts Company Performance: A Case Study of Sainsbury

Research Aim: This research will discuss the basic concepts of knowledge management. The study will also discuss the impact knowledge management has on a company’s performance, i.e. how it helps companies achieve their goals. The main focus of this research work will be on Sainsbury’s knowledge management framework.

Topic 9: Knowledge Management as a Core Competency? Evaluating the Application and Benefits of Knowledge Management

Research Aim: This research will uncover how companies utilise knowledge management as their core competency and how it benefits their business operations. This study’s main focus will be on applying the various concepts of knowledge management and their implication for businesses.

Topic 10: Exploring the Managerial Concerns and Issues in Knowledge Management and Their Impact on Organisations

Research Aim: This research will explore the managerial concerns and issues related to knowledge management. The study will also focus on assessing the impact of these issues on businesses and how they can influence day-to-day operations. This will be an evidence-based study where evidence from different companies and various situations will be evaluated.

Leadership and Management Information System Dissertation Topics

Leadership drives the organisational agenda and is regarded as one of the most influential factors in streamlining organisations’ processes. Good leadership results in better performance of any organisation because it gives direction to the business activities under the market conditions and requirements.

Similarly, management information systems are pivotal to any organisation’s success and successfully implementing them can benefit the organisation in many ways. Following are some dissertation topics under the subject of leadership and management information systems;

Topic 1: The Role of Information Systems (IS) in Enterprise Architecture and its Impact on Business Performance

Research Aim: This study will examine the relationship between IS Enterprise Architecture and business performance using technical alignment and IS capabilities mediators. This research will be conducted using quantitative techniques to fulfil its aim.

Topic 2: Exploring The Relationship between Ethical Leadership and Employee Knowledge Sharing

Research Aim: This research will use social learning theories and self-determination to investigate the relationship between ethical learning and employee knowledge sharing. The study will be conducted using empirical research techniques.

Topic 3: Analysing the Impact of Relationship Leadership and Social Alignment on Information Security Systems Effectiveness in Private Organisations

Research Aim: This research will use social capital theory as its theoretical foundation to explore the impact of relational leadership on social alignment between business and IT executives. The relational model will study the factors of integrated knowledge, information security system effectiveness, and organisational performance. This research will use empirical techniques.

Topic 4: Examining the Relationship between Operating Room (OR) Leadership and Operating Staff Performance

Research Aim: This research will analyse the relationship between Operating Room leadership and operating staff performance. This will be done using emotional intelligence and collaboration variables to assess staff performance, using recovery numbers. The relationship will also be examined through the mediating role of leadership principles. The data will be collected and assessed using quantitative research techniques.

Topic 5: The Role of Transformational Leadership as a Mediating Variable in the DeLone and McLean Information Success Model.

Research Aim: The research will use the DeLone and McLean Information Success Model to analyse if productivity software implemented in an organisation can improve its performance. However, the research will also evaluate the model and propose modifications to include transformational leadership as a mediating factor in the information success model. The research will be quantitative in nature.

Topic 6: Assessing the Role of Leadership in an Organisation to Help Adopt Advanced Technological Systems

Research Aim: This research will assess the role of leadership in an organisation to help companies realise the importance of innovative, technologically advanced systems. Many companies today are still naive to the ever more important role of technology. Thus this research will aim to help companies adopt innovative technological systems through leadership. The research will be evidence-based in nature.

Topic 7: Evaluating How Changing Business Leadership Impacts Technological Organisational Performance

Research Aim: Changing leadership in organisations can prove a disaster if not handled properly. The transition process is extremely challenging, and companies should have the capability to handle this phase. This research will explore how their decision to change leadership impacts technological and organisational performance and how to optimise the process. This research will be quantitative in nature.

Topic 8: Can Information Systems in Organisations Be Considered a Competitive Advantage?

Research Aim: Information systems, if implemented successfully, benefit organisations immensely. The impact that an information system has and its results help companies stay ahead of their competitors. This research will assess how companies can turn their information systems into a competitive advantage, and most importantly, whether they or not information systems should be considered a competitive advantage.

Topic 9: Understanding the Leadership Challenges of Implementing and Managing an Advanced Information System in an Organisation

Research Aim: This research will help explain the challenges that managers and the entire leadership of an organisation face when implementing an advanced information system. Bringing a change in a company is challenging, and throw in a technology to implement, the process becomes even more challenging. This study will explore in detail all related challenges through quantitative research.

Topic 10: Do all Business Processes in an Organisation need Information System Management?

Research Aim: It is often argued that not all business processes require information systems. However, when talking about today’s world and the technological advancements taking place, it is recommended that business processes in organisations adopt the technology. This research will be a comparative analysis of whether companies are successful and profitable with information systems or without them.

Also Read: Business Dissertation Topics

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Organisational Culture and International Business Dissertation Topics

Organisational culture shapes the work ethics and helps in defining the professional image of organisations. Organisational culture plays a huge role in international business.

Organisations that adopt the country’s culture they are operating in are known to run their operations more successfully. The following topics are related to organisational culture and international business and help students choose an appropriate topic according to their interests.

Topic 1: The Impact of Organisational Culture of Collaborative Networks Influence on IT Governance Performance in Large Enterprises

Research Aim: This research will explore the influence of collaborative networks’ organisational culture on IT governance performance. The study will use a case study to analyse multinationals as they have a wide working network. The purpose of the research will be to determine whether or not organisational culture helps businesses effectively use IT in business operations. The research will be conducted using mixed methods research.

Topic 2: Analysing the Relationship between Supervisor’s Job insecurity and Subordinates’ Work Engagement

Research Aim: The purpose of this research is two-fold. The research will analyse the relationship between the supervisor’s job insecurity and subordinates’ work engagement using a mediator and a moderator. The research will first examine the mediating role of subordinate’s pro-social voice between supervisor job insecurity and subordinates’ work engagement. Next, the research will examine the moderating role of organisational culture between the supervisor’s job insecurity and sub-ordinates pro-social voice. The research will be conducted through quantitative techniques.

Topic 3: Analysing the Impact of Individual Perception of Organisational Culture on the Learning Transfer Environment

Research Aim: The research will be conducted empirically to assess the relationship between culture (as perceived by employees) and the work environment based learning factors (i.e. learning transfer environment [LTE]) in the organisation). LTE is measured using feedback and coaching factors that received resistance or openness to chance, personal outcomes, and supervisor and peer support.

Topic 4: The Role of Organisational Culture on the Development of Psychological Distress in the Workplace

Research Aim: The purpose of the study will be to analyse how organisational culture may cause the symptoms of psychological distress in the workforce. The study will use corporate culture and work organisation conditions as base factors to relate them to employees’ psychological distress. The research will be conducted using quantitative research techniques.

Topic 5: Analysing the Role of Leadership and Organisational Culture

Research Aim: The research will examine the relationship between organisational culture, leadership and employee outcomes. The paper will focus on the mediator of leadership processes and their impact on the relationship between culture and employee outcomes. The study will be conducted using quantitative research techniques.

Topic 6: The Role and Relationships among Strategic Orientations, Cultural Intelligence, International Diversification and Performance of Organisations

Research Aim: The research will aim to understand the drivers of the international expansion of globalised firms. The research will explore the relationship between strategic orientations and cultural intelligence as drivers and international diversification and firm performance. Strategic orientations used in the study include international market orientation (IMO) and entrepreneurial orientation (IEO). The study will be conducted using quantitative research techniques.

Topic 7: Dynamics of Corruption Culture Distance to Core Values

Research Aim: The research will examine how corporate bribery is impacted by cultural distance between multinational enterprises (MNEs) in their home and host countries. The research will also analyse the organisational distance to core value between MNE’s entry into the host country and its headquarters. The research will use empirical data collection and analysis techniques.

Topic 8: Examining Organisational Export Performance by International Business Competencies

Research Aim: The study aims to explore the relationship between international business competencies and export performance. The research will also analyse export performance by singular analysis or combined analysis of the competencies. The research will be conducted using empirical data.

Topic 9: Does Organisational Culture Influence the Leadership Type that a Company Should Adopt?

Research Aim: This research will argue whether companies should hire leaders concerning their culture or not. Organisational culture and leadership are interconnected. Thus companies that do not operate according to their culture struggle to grow exponentially. This research will aim to focus on the possible relationship between leadership and organisational culture. The research will be evidence-based.

Topic 10: Organisational Culture and International Business Competition: Are they Interrelated?

Research Aim: Organisational culture plays a huge role in making a company competitive internationally. When a business’s culture is motivating to all employees and identifies the right culture for its employees, there is every likelihood of rapid growth for both the company and the employees. The research will explore how the two concepts are interrelated.

Important Notes:

As a management student looking to get good grades, it is essential to develop new ideas and experiment with existing management theories – i.e., to add value and interest to your research topic.

The management field is vast and interrelated to many other academic disciplines like operations management , business , business administration , MBA , human resource management and more. That is why creating a management dissertation topic that is particular, sound, and actually solves a practical problem that may be rampant in the field is imperative.

We can’t stress how important it is to develop a logical research topic based on your entire research. There are several significant downfalls to getting your topic wrong; your supervisor may not be interested in working on it, the topic has no academic creditability, the research may not make logical sense, there is a possibility that the study is not viable.

This impacts your time and efforts in writing your dissertation , as you may end up in the cycle of rejection at the initial stage of the dissertation. That is why we recommend reviewing existing research to develop a topic, taking advice from your supervisor, and even asking for help in this particular stage of your dissertation.

Keeping our advice in mind while developing a research topic will allow you to pick one of the best management dissertation topics that fulfil your requirement of writing a research paper and adds to the body of knowledge.

Therefore, it is recommended that when finalizing your dissertation topic, you read recently published literature to identify gaps in the research that you may help fill.

Remember- dissertation topics need to be unique, solve an identified problem, be logical, and be practically implemented. Please look at some of our sample management dissertation topics to get an idea for your own dissertation.

How to Structure your Management Dissertation

A well-structured dissertation can help students to achieve a high overall academic grade.

• A Title Page
• Acknowledgements
• Declaration
• Abstract: A summary of the research completed
• Table of Contents
• Introduction : This chapter includes the project rationale, research background, key research aims and objectives, and the research problems. An outline of the structure of a dissertation can also be added to this chapter.
• Literature Review : This chapter presents relevant theories and frameworks by analysing published and unpublished literature on the chosen research topic to address research questions . The purpose is to highlight and discuss the selected research area’s relative weaknesses and strengths while identifying research gaps. Break down the topic and key terms that can positively impact your dissertation and your tutor.
• Methodology : The data collection and analysis methods and techniques employed by the researcher are presented in the Methodology chapter, which usually includes research design , research philosophy, research limitations, code of conduct, ethical consideration, data collection methods, and data analysis strategy .
• Findings and Analysis : Findings of the research are analysed in detail under the Findings and Analysis chapter. All key findings/results are outlined in this chapter without interpreting the data or drawing any conclusions. It can be useful to include graphs, charts, and tables in this chapter to identify meaningful trends and relationships.
• Discussion and Conclusion : The researcher presents his interpretation of results in this chapter and states whether the research hypothesis has been verified or not. An essential aspect of this section is establishing the link between the results and evidence from the literature. Recommendations with regards to implications of the findings and directions for the future may also be provided. Finally, a summary of the overall research, along with final judgments, opinions, and comments, must be included in the form of suggestions for improvement.
• References : Make sure to complete this by your University’s requirements
• Bibliography
• Appendices : Any additional information, diagrams, and graphs used to complete the dissertation but not part of the dissertation should be included in the Appendices chapter. Essentially, the purpose is to expand the information/data.

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To find management dissertation topics:

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You May Also Like

Here is a list of English 101 dissertation topics to help you choose the one studies anyone as per your requirements.

Feminist dissertation topics focus on the people who believe that women should have equal chances and rights as men. Feminism is a historical, social, and political movement founded by women to achieve gender equality and remove injustice.

Property, land, buildings, air rights, underground rights, and underground rights are examples of real estate. Academics recognize the importance of real estate as a driver of the economy. This field will be encountered by college and university students studying business-related courses.

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400 Trending Business Management Research Topics in 2024

Home Blog Business Management 400 Trending Business Management Research Topics in 2024

Business management is crucial for competitiveness and profitability in today's fast-paced world. It involves understanding business structure, finance, marketing, and strategy. Pursuing a postgraduate course, like PGDM, often requires a well-researched paper to launch one's career. The main challenge is selecting a relevant, trending research topic. To assist, here are ten current business management research topics for 2024, focusing on technological advancements and innovative leadership strategies. Enrolling in Business Management training courses can further enhance your skills and knowledge, propelling your career to new heights. Let's explore these cutting-edge topics together for career growth.

Business Management Research Topics [Based on Different Industries]

A. business management research topics for business administration.

• Data analytics’ role in company performance and decision-making.
• Revolution of firm operations and strategy due to artificial intelligence.
• How sustainable business practices affect a company’s financial performance.
• Blockchain technology’s role in business.
• Impact of fintech on traditional financial institutions.
• How digital transformation affects organizational culture.
• Consequences of social media marketing for customer engagement.
• Impact of the gig economy on the traditional employment model.
• Abuse experienced by women in the workplace.
• Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on global supply chain management.
• Impact of agile methodologies on business management.
• The role of emotional intelligence in business leadership.
• Outsourcing and its effects on business efficiency.
• Implementing corporate governance for better decision-making.
• The influence of consumer behavior on marketing strategies.
• E-commerce trends and their impact on retail businesses.
• Strategies for managing business risks and uncertainties.
• Ethical considerations in business strategy formulation.
• Role of business analytics in strategic planning.
• Organizational resilience in times of economic downturns.
• Corporate philanthropy and its impact on business reputation.
• Change management strategies for business growth.
• Impact of employee engagement on organizational performance.
• Role of innovation hubs in business development.
• The influence of global trade policies on local businesses.
• Business model innovation in the digital age.
• Customer relationship management (CRM) systems and their impact.
• The role of leadership development programs in businesses.
• Strategic alliances and partnerships in business growth.
• The impact of business process reengineering on performance.
• The effectiveness of telecommuting in business operations.
• Business continuity planning in disaster management.
• The impact of organizational structure on business efficiency.
• The role of corporate governance in fraud prevention.
• The influence of market segmentation on business strategies.
• The role of strategic management in business growth.
• The impact of regulatory changes on business operations.
• The role of knowledge management in business success.
• The impact of employee training and development on performance.
• Strategies for improving business process efficiency.
• The role of innovation in competitive advantage.
• The impact of globalization on small businesses.
• The role of social responsibility in business ethics.
• Strategies for enhancing customer loyalty.
• The impact of digital marketing on business growth.
• The role of strategic planning in organizational success.
• The influence of leadership styles on business outcomes.
• Strategies for managing business transformation.
• The impact of technological advancements on business operations.
• The role of corporate social responsibility in branding.
• The effectiveness of business incubators in start-up success.
• The role of organizational culture in business performance.
• The impact of financial management on business sustainability.
• The influence of business intelligence on decision-making.
• Strategies for improving customer satisfaction.

B. Business Management Research Topics for Accounting and Finance

• Asset pricing and financial markets
• Business history
• Corporate finance
• Corporate governance
• Credit management
• Financial accounting and auditing
• Organizations: ownership, governance and performance
• SME finance
• Sustainable finance and ESG
• Venture capital and private equity
• Banking and financial intermediation
• Behavioral finance
• The effect of digital currencies on global finance.
• Forensic accounting and fraud detection.
• Impact of financial regulations on banking operations.
• Corporate financial planning and risk management.
• Trends in international financial reporting standards.
• The role of auditing in corporate governance.
• Financial forecasting techniques in business planning.
• The impact of economic crises on financial markets.
• Mergers and acquisitions: Financial implications and outcomes.
• The role of financial technology in modern banking.
• Sustainable investment strategies and their impact.
• Corporate social responsibility and financial performance.
• Financial literacy and its importance for small businesses.
• The role of credit rating agencies in financial markets.
• Comparative analysis of different investment portfolios.
• The impact of taxation policies on business growth.
• Financial management practices in non-profit organizations.
• Trends in global investment and capital flows.
• The role of financial markets in economic development.
• Ethical issues in financial reporting.
• Financial risk management in multinational corporations.
• The role of financial intermediaries in economic growth.
• The impact of financial innovations on market stability.
• Financial distress and corporate restructuring.
• The role of hedge funds in financial markets.
• The influence of monetary policy on financial markets.
• Behavioral finance and investor psychology.
• The impact of interest rates on investment decisions.
• Corporate governance and shareholder value.
• The role of venture capital in entrepreneurial success.
• Financial market efficiency and anomalies.
• The influence of financial globalization on local markets.
• Financial inclusion and its impact on economic development.
• The role of institutional investors in corporate governance.
• The impact of fiscal policy on financial markets.
• Financial market integration and economic growth.
• The role of financial regulation in preventing crises.
• The influence of economic indicators on financial markets.
• Financial planning for retirement and its importance.
• The role of microfinance in poverty alleviation.
• Financial implications of environmental sustainability.
• The impact of demographic changes on financial markets.
• The role of corporate finance in strategic decision-making.
• Financial analysis and valuation of companies.
• The influence of globalization on financial reporting standards.

C. Business Management Research Topics for Economics

• Environment, infrastructure, innovation and the circular economy
• Work, labour and organisation
• Financialisation and globalisation
• Development and wellbeing
• The macro economy and macroeconomic policy
• The impact of trade wars on global economies.
• Economic policies and their effect on unemployment rates.
• Economic implications of climate change policies.
• The future of globalization in the post-pandemic world.
• Behavioral economics and consumer decision-making.
• Economic growth and income inequality.
• The role of government subsidies in economic development.
• Economic effects of demographic changes.
• Digital economy and its impact on traditional industries.
• The relationship between inflation and interest rates.
• The impact of economic sanctions on global trade.
• The economics of renewable energy sources.
• Economic policies for sustainable development.
• The role of entrepreneurship in economic growth.
• Economic impacts of technological advancements.
• Comparative analysis of economic systems.
• The effect of financial crises on emerging markets.
• Economic policies for managing public debt.
• The impact of immigration on labor markets.
• The role of international trade in economic development.
• The impact of monetary policy on economic stability.
• The influence of fiscal policy on economic growth.
• Economic implications of global health crises.
• The role of education in economic development.
• The impact of urbanization on economic growth.
• Economic policies for reducing income inequality.
• The influence of political stability on economic development.
• The role of innovation in economic growth.
• Economic effects of environmental regulations.
• The impact of global economic integration on local economies.
• Economic policies for promoting entrepreneurship.
• The influence of cultural factors on economic behavior.
• The impact of technological advancements on labor markets.
• Economic implications of international trade agreements.
• The role of government intervention in market economies.
• The impact of population growth on economic development.
• Economic policies for managing inflation.
• The influence of global economic trends on local economies.
• The impact of economic crises on poverty levels.
• The role of social welfare programs in economic development.
• Economic implications of digital currencies.
• The influence of economic policies on business cycles.
• The impact of economic inequality on social stability.

D. Business Management Research  Topics for International Business

• International business policy, SDGs and “grand challenges”
• International business, migration and society
• Global health and international business
• Cross-cultural management, diversity and inclusion
• The theory of the multinational enterprise (MNE)
• The governance of global value chains (GVCs)
• Emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs)
• The impact of political instability on international business.
• Strategies for managing cultural differences in global teams.
• The role of international trade agreements in business expansion.
• Global business strategies in emerging markets.
• International marketing challenges and opportunities.
• The impact of Brexit on European businesses.
• Global supply chain management best practices.
• The role of global business networks in innovation.
• Cross-border mergers and acquisitions: Challenges and strategies.
• The influence of global economic trends on business strategy.
• International business ethics and legal considerations.
• The impact of digital globalization on traditional business models.
• Strategies for entering new international markets.
• The role of global leadership in multinational corporations.
• International business communication challenges.
• The impact of global crises on international business operations.
• Managing global talent and human resources.
• The role of expatriates in international business.
• Global financial management practices.
• The impact of cultural intelligence on international business success.
• Strategies for managing international business risks.
• The role of international joint ventures in business growth.
• The influence of global consumer behavior on marketing strategies.
• The impact of international regulatory changes on business operations.
• Strategies for managing cross-cultural negotiations.
• The role of global logistics in supply chain management.
• The influence of international economic policies on business strategy.
• The impact of global technological advancements on business operations.
• Strategies for managing international business partnerships.
• The role of international business in economic development.
• The impact of global trade policies on business competitiveness.
• The influence of international market trends on business strategy.
• Strategies for managing international business expansion.
• The role of global innovation hubs in business development.
• The impact of cultural differences on international business negotiations.
• The influence of global financial markets on business operations.
• Strategies for managing international business compliance.
• The role of international business in promoting sustainability.
• The impact of global economic integration on business strategy.
• The influence of cultural diversity on international business success.
• Strategies for managing international business innovation.
• The role of global entrepreneurship in business growth.
• The impact of international trade disputes on business operations.
• The influence of global economic shifts on business strategy.
• Strategies for managing international business risks and uncertainties.

E. Business Management Project Topics for Management 

• Organizational strategy
• Global supply chains
• Leadership and performance
• Technology and innovation
• Digital transformation
• Sustainability
• Information management and information systems
• Learning and change
• Human information processing
• Decision making
• Strategies for managing remote teams.
• The role of leadership in fostering innovation.
• Performance management systems in modern businesses.
• Conflict management and resolution strategies.
• The impact of organizational culture on employee performance.
• Strategic human resource management practices.
• The role of technology in transforming management practices.
• Change management in dynamic business environments.
• Effective communication strategies in management.
• The impact of leadership styles on organizational change.
• Crisis management and business continuity planning.
• Employee motivation techniques in diverse workforces.
• The role of mentoring in leadership development.
• Strategic planning in uncertain business environments.
• The influence of corporate culture on business success.
• Managing innovation in established companies.
• The impact of globalization on management practices.
• Decision-making processes in business management.
• Strategies for enhancing employee productivity.
• The role of ethics in business management.
• Managing diversity and inclusion in the workplace.
• The impact of emotional intelligence on leadership effectiveness.
• Strategies for managing organizational change.
• The role of corporate governance in management practices.
• Managing cross-functional teams for business success.
• The influence of digital transformation on management practices.
• Strategies for improving employee engagement and retention.
• The role of strategic alliances in business growth.
• Managing work-life balance in modern organizations.
• The impact of leadership development programs on business performance.
• Strategies for fostering a culture of continuous improvement.
• The role of management consulting in business success.
• Managing organizational conflicts and their resolution.
• The influence of corporate social responsibility on management practices.
• Strategies for managing business process reengineering.
• The role of technology in enhancing management practices.
• Managing employee performance through effective feedback.
• The impact of leadership styles on team dynamics.
• Strategies for improving organizational communication.
• The role of strategic management in business success.
• Managing organizational growth and scalability.
• The influence of corporate ethics on management decisions.
• Strategies for managing business transformation and change.
• The role of human resource management in organizational development.
• Managing innovation and creativity in the workplace.

F. Project Topics for Marketing

• Corporate responsibility and sustainability
• Green marketing and advertising
• International marketing
• Cross cultural buyer-seller relationships
• Consumer buying behaviour
• Analysis of consumer heterogeneous preferences and discrete choice analysis
• Retailing and store choice analysis
• Branding and brand equity
• Formulating and implementing sustainability marketing strategies: Bridging the gap
• Marketing strategy making
• Emergent marketing strategy and decision making in marketing organizations
• Export marketing strategy and performance
• Sustainable strategies of multinational corporations
• Standardizations/adaptation of international service offerings
• International marketing process standardization/adaptation
• Strategies for leveraging user-generated content in marketing campaigns.
• The impact of augmented reality on consumer purchasing decisions.
• Marketing strategies for virtual reality products.
• The influence of personalization on consumer loyalty.
• The effectiveness of loyalty programs in retaining customers.
• The role of neuromarketing in understanding consumer behavior.
• Strategies for marketing to Generation Z.
• The impact of voice search on digital marketing strategies.
• The influence of podcast advertising on brand awareness.
• Marketing strategies for crowdfunding campaigns.
• The role of gamification in enhancing customer engagement.
• The impact of blockchain technology on marketing practices.
• The effectiveness of omnichannel marketing strategies.
• The influence of artificial intelligence on customer service.
• Marketing strategies for non-profit organizations.
• The impact of eco-labeling on consumer purchasing behavior.
• The role of data privacy regulations on digital marketing.
• The influence of interactive content on consumer engagement.
• Marketing strategies for subscription box services.
• The impact of influencer partnerships on brand reputation.
• The effectiveness of cross-promotion in increasing sales.
• The role of predictive analytics in marketing strategy.
• The influence of social commerce on consumer behavior.
• Marketing strategies for pop-up shops and temporary retail spaces.
• The impact of mobile payment systems on consumer spending.
• The role of virtual influencers in marketing campaigns.
• The effectiveness of geotargeting in local marketing.
• The influence of ethical branding on consumer trust.
• Marketing strategies for cause-related marketing campaigns.
• The impact of social media challenges on brand engagement.
• The role of experiential marketing in building brand loyalty.
• The influence of mobile gaming on advertising effectiveness.
• The effectiveness of remarketing campaigns in conversion rates.
• The impact of chatbots on customer experience in e-commerce.
• The role of video marketing in enhancing brand storytelling.
• Marketing strategies for health and wellness products.
• The influence of social proof on consumer purchasing decisions.
• The effectiveness of SMS marketing in reaching target audiences.
• The impact of subscription models on customer retention.
• The role of interactive advertising in consumer engagement.
• Marketing strategies for sustainable fashion brands.
• The influence of visual content on social media engagement.
• The effectiveness of email segmentation in increasing open rates.
• The impact of digital wallets on consumer behavior.
• The role of affiliate marketing in driving sales.

G. Business Management Research Topics for Employment Relations

• Labour mobility, migration and citizenship
• Markets, flexibilization and social protection
• Voice, representation and social movement
• Digitalization, automation, platformisation, and the future of work
• Between professions and precarity: the new world of work
• Changing structures of governance and organisation
• Employment, skills and occupations
• The impact of flexible working arrangements on employee productivity.
• Strategies for managing employee relations in remote work environments.
• The role of employee resource groups in promoting diversity and inclusion.
• The impact of gig economy trends on traditional employment relations.
• Strategies for handling workplace harassment and discrimination.
• The role of mental health initiatives in employee well-being.
• The impact of automation on employment relations in manufacturing.
• Strategies for managing employee grievances and disputes.
• The role of labor unions in the modern workforce.
• The impact of cultural diversity on employee relations.
• Strategies for fostering a positive organizational culture.
• The role of employee feedback in improving workplace policies.
• The impact of generational differences on employee relations.
• Strategies for enhancing employee participation in decision-making.
• The role of work-life balance in employee satisfaction.
• The impact of telecommuting on team dynamics.
• Strategies for managing employee turnover in high-stress industries.
• The role of employee recognition programs in motivation.
• The impact of workplace wellness programs on employee productivity.
• Strategies for improving communication between management and employees.
• The role of training and development in employee engagement.
• The impact of job security on employee morale.
• Strategies for managing conflict in multicultural teams.
• The role of leadership styles in shaping employee relations.
• The impact of economic downturns on employment practices.
• Strategies for addressing employee burnout and fatigue.
• The role of corporate social responsibility in employee relations.
• The impact of remote work on employee collaboration.
• Strategies for enhancing employee loyalty and retention.
• The role of digital tools in managing employee relations.
• The impact of legal regulations on employment practices.
• Strategies for fostering innovation through employee engagement.
• The role of mentorship programs in career development.
• The impact of employee empowerment on organizational success.
• Strategies for managing employee relations in mergers and acquisitions.
• The role of conflict resolution training in improving workplace harmony.
• The impact of social media policies on employee behavior.
• Strategies for promoting ethical behavior in the workplace.
• The role of transparency in building employee trust.
• The impact of employee surveys on organizational improvement.
• Strategies for managing generational conflicts in the workplace.
• The role of flexible benefits in employee satisfaction.
• The impact of workplace design on employee productivity.
• Strategies for addressing the skills gap in the workforce.
• The role of employee advocacy in shaping company policies.

H. Project Topics for Business ethics topics

• Maintaining Compliance with Independent Contractors
• The perception of tax evasion ethics
• Consumer Rights to Privacy and Confidentiality
• The role of ethical leadership in fostering corporate integrity.
• Strategies for promoting transparency in business operations.
• The impact of corporate governance on ethical business practices.
• The role of ethics training programs in shaping employee behavior.
• The influence of corporate culture on ethical decision-making.
• Strategies for managing ethical dilemmas in the workplace.
• The impact of corporate social responsibility on business reputation.
• The role of whistleblowing policies in promoting ethical conduct.
• The influence of stakeholder engagement on ethical business practices.
• Strategies for ensuring compliance with ethical standards.
• The impact of ethical branding on consumer trust.
• The role of corporate ethics committees in governance.
• The influence of regulatory frameworks on business ethics.
• Strategies for fostering an ethical organizational culture.
• The impact of ethical supply chain management on brand reputation.
• The role of sustainability initiatives in ethical business practices.
• The influence of ethical marketing on consumer behavior.
• Strategies for addressing ethical issues in digital marketing.
• The impact of business ethics on corporate financial performance.
• The role of ethical considerations in mergers and acquisitions.
• The influence of corporate ethics on employee loyalty.
• Strategies for managing conflicts of interest in business.
• The impact of ethical leadership on organizational success.
• The role of ethics in strategic business planning.
• The influence of ethical practices on investor relations.
• Strategies for ensuring ethical compliance in global operations.
• The impact of ethics on corporate governance frameworks.
• The role of ethical innovation in business sustainability.
• The influence of corporate social responsibility on stakeholder trust.
• Strategies for managing ethical risks in business.
• The impact of ethical leadership on employee engagement.
• The role of ethics in business continuity planning.
• The influence of ethical considerations on product development.
• Strategies for promoting ethical behavior in customer service.
• The impact of corporate ethics on competitive advantage.
• The role of ethics in managing corporate social media presence.
• The influence of ethical practices on supply chain resilience.
• Strategies for fostering ethical behavior in remote teams.
• The impact of business ethics on brand equity.
• The role of ethical considerations in crisis management.
• The influence of corporate governance on ethical leadership.
• Strategies for integrating ethics into business strategy.
• The impact of ethical consumerism on marketing strategies.
• The role of ethical decision-making in corporate success.
• The influence of corporate ethics on organizational change.

What are Some Good Business Management Research Topics in 2024?

• Conflict Management in a Work Team
• The Role of Women in Business Management
• Issues that Affect the Management of Business Startups
• Consequences of Excessive Work in Business
• Why You Should Start a New Business After One Fails
• Importance of Inter-organizational Leadership and Networks
• How to Manage Organizational Crisis in Business
• Product and Service Development in a Strategic Alliance
• Innovation and Network Markets as a Business Strategy
• Social Enterprise and Entrepreneurship

Every aspect of business, like strategy, finance, operations, and management, is essential. So, it’s hard to say that a particular area of research is more significant. Choosing the best research topic in business management within your area of interest or specialization is one way to decide what your business management research project will be about. It is also a learning process and an opportunity to showcase your in-depth knowledge. 

But if you want to explore other options, write about trending issues and events in the business world, and learn something new, here’s a list of 10 research proposal topics in business management that can help you create an engaging and practical project. You can also take a CCBA training certification to learn more in-depth about business management. 

1. Conflict Management in a Work Team

With businesses going global, team management has escalated from merely managing people to guiding, mentoring and resolving conflicts among individuals. Teams with multicultural members from different departments are fertile ground for conflicts. If you are looking for international business management research topics, conflict management in work teams is an excellent option. 

This research will give you an insight into the various causes of conflict and different techniques and methods of conflict resolution within global multi-lingual and multi-cultural teams enabling you to lead teams successfully and keep disruptions minimal. Better teams translate to better productivity and, eventually, revenue. On the personal front, it means career growth, leadership roles, and higher pay scales for you.

2. The Role of Women in Business Management

In contemporary society, women have made notable strides in shattering patriarchal norms and embracing diverse opportunities and career paths, thereby demonstrating their strength and autonomy. While women encounter challenges in assuming leadership roles, often stemming from prevailing cultural attitudes, their presence in business management positions is more prevalent than commonly perceived. This prompts inquiry into the factors that contribute to the exceptional success of certain women in managerial positions and the unique value they bring to such roles. Exploring this subject through qualitative research could yield insightful findings regarding women's impact on business management.

3. Issues that Affect the Management of Business Startups

The COVID-19 pandemic drove everyone online and created a new digital startup ecosystem. However, while it may be easy to set up a digital business , sustenance, scaling, and growth are some of the challenges that follow. If you are entrepreneurial, your research title about business management should read something like “Challenges in the startup ecosystem.” Such research covers issues that affect the management of business startups. It covers the various factors that lead to success and the pitfalls and obstacles on the growth trajectory. It covers effective strategies to mitigate or work around challenges, and this is where you can get creative. Limiting your research to startups is okay, but you can also cover significant ground across other business models.

4. Consequences of Excessive Work in Business

Work-life balance is the buzzword in today’s business environment. If you choose to write your thesis on the impact of excessive work in business, it could well escalate to international levels as everyone talks about employee well-being, from corporates to SMEs and top management to HR. 

The single most significant reason behind this is the instances of early burnout seen in the past. Secondly, globalization is another cause for concern since people are often required to work multiple shifts. Lastly, the recent trend of post-Covid layoffs that have driven the need for side hustle makes it even more necessary to keep track of how hectic business operations are. 

5. Why You Should Start a New Business After One Fails

Failure is the steppingstone to success. Or so the saying goes. The recent outcrop of start-ups has proven this to be true. If one venture fails, do not give up. Learn from the experience and start again. Not only is that the mantra of the current generation, but it is also among the trending quantitative research topics in business management. 

The main objective and outcome of this business management research topic are to explore lessons learned from failures, the advantages of starting afresh, and the strategies for overcoming the fear of failure.

6. Importance of Inter-organizational Leadership and Networks

This research focuses on managing global networks in leadership roles. It is among the hot favorite research topics for business management students considering how businesses are going global. If you are an aspiring global entrepreneur or leader, you would want to know more about local and global inter-organizational networks, how things work, how people communicate, etc. Researching inter-organizational leadership and networks can provide insights into businesses' challenges and opportunities when building and maintaining relationships. Managing these relationships is another challenging part of the process, and that is what you will learn through this research. 

7. How to Manage Organizational Crisis in Business

Not only is crisis management a critical leadership skill, but today's turbulent business environment is fertile ground for an organizational crisis. Globalization, digitization, and the startup ecosystem have disrupted the environment. Barring corporates, a crisis can strike any business at any time and bailing out of that crisis is the responsibility of the business leadership. Managing an organizational crisis in business is a popular business management research paper topic, especially among MBA students, PGDM, and aspiring entrepreneurs.

8. Product and Service Development in a Strategic Alliance

When it comes to research paper topics related to business management, one area worth exploring is product bundling in a strategic alliance. The ICICI credit card offered to online customers of Amazon India is a classic example.

Development of such strategic products or services requires in-depth product knowledge, knowledge of finance, and of course, a strategic mindset. If you have a strategic mindset and interest in product management, this is one of your best business management research project topics.

9. Innovation and Network Markets as a Business Strategy

Innovation and Network marketing is an emerging and strategic business model for startups. When entrepreneurs need more resources to raise seed or venture capital for their businesses, they elect to market their products through networking. Social Media platforms like Facebook offer substantial networking opportunities. Choose this probe as your quantitative research topic for business management if you have entrepreneurial aspirations to understand every aspect of this business model and strategy in depth.

10. Social Enterprise and Entrepreneurship

Social enterprise is any business having a social objective and undertaking activities in the public interest. Writing a research paper on social enterprises and entrepreneurship will lead you to explore opportunities that can bring an innovative change in society and hold business potential. One thing to remember if you want to explore social enterprise and entrepreneurship as one of several business management research titles is that the organizational goal is primarily social impact rather than revenue generation. This research will make you more open to an inclusive idea of growth by bringing you closer to social causes, marginalized communities, and people thriving in them.

How to Find Business Management Research Topics?

This is just our list of hot and trending business research topics. To help you discover more research project topics on business management, here are some quick-follow tips:

1. Identify Your Interests

Start by making a list of the various aspects of business management that interest you. Rate them on a scale of 1-10, with one being the least liked and 10 being your most favorite. You can also narrow down your topic to a specific niche while seeking sample research topics in business management.

2. Read Academic Journals

You might want to conduct preliminary research on a few of the topics you shortlisted to see if something interesting jumps out at you. One way to do this is by reading academic journals related to your selected area of business management. Findings by earlier researchers may trigger innovative thought.

3. Attend Events

Attending business events like seminars, conferences, and webinars on topics of interest can help you narrow down your list of research topics related to business management. It is also an excellent way to gather knowledge about your area of interest as well as to grow your network.

4. Consult your supervisor or Mentor

Your thesis supervisor is a valuable resource when searching for the best research topics in business management. They can guide you about relevant research areas and help you identify potential research questions apart from guiding you on research presentation.

5. Use Online Resources

Many research journals online allow students access to research papers either free of cost or in exchange for a small fee. Explore this resource and sign up for a few that are relevant to your area of interest.

Business Management Research: Types and Methodologies

Business research, like any other research, involves the collection of data and information about your chosen topic, analysis of the information and data gathered, and exploring new possibilities in the field. 

Broadly speaking, research may be of two types – Quantitative or Qualitative. Quantitative research, also called empirical research, involves the collection of data from sample groups to answer a question. Qualitative research has more to do with the impact of certain phenomena. Such research is usually an extension of previously researched topics. 

The table below highlights the difference between quantitative research topics in business management and qualitative research about business management. 

The world of business management is constantly evolving and finding the right business management research topic might seem like a Herculean task. But, with a little thought, planning, and some research, it is not that hard. So, the 90 topics we've explored in this blog represent some of the most significant areas of development in the field of business management today, from the rise of women as business leaders and to the importance of innovation and network markets. As we move into 2024 and beyond, it's clear that these topics will only continue to grow in importance, shaping the way we do business and interact with the world around us. By staying informed and engaged with the latest research and trends, you can position yourself as a thought leader and innovator in the world of business management. 

Also, our pointers on how to discover a business management research topic will help you identify a list of research topics in business management for your thesis. You can then narrow it down to your area of talent or interest. If you still want to know more, you can enroll in our KnowledgeHut's Business Management training , where you’ll learn more about the different aspects of business. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

An example of a business research study could be investigating the impact of social media marketing on consumer buying behavior or examining the effectiveness of a new leadership development program in a company.

The 4 types of business research include:

• Exploratory
• Descriptive

Business management is wide in scope, and there is a spectrum of research topics to choose from. The most prominent areas of business include finance, operations, procurement, marketing, and HR. Within each of these, you’ll find several macro and micro niches to explore.

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• Operations Research Problems

Statements and Solutions

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• Manuel Díaz-Madroñero 2 ,
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Research Centre on Production Management and Engineering (CIGIP), Universitat Politècnica de València, Alcoy, Spain

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• Is a compendium of problems for undergraduate and graduate students, faculty, researchers and practitioners
• Identifies different operations management problems in order to improve the decision-making process
• Updates with many new problems

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About this book.

This book, now in its second edition, provides a valuable compendium of problems as a reference for undergraduate and graduate students, faculty, researchers and practitioners of operations research and management science. These problems can serve as a basis for the development or study of assignments and exams. Also, they can be useful as a guide for the first stage of the model formulation, i.e. the definition of a problem. The book is divided into 11 chapters that address the following topics: linear programming, integer programming, nonlinear programming, network modeling, inventory theory, queue theory, tree decision, game theory, dynamic programming and Markov processes. Included are a considerable number of statements of operations research applications for management decision-making. The book provides concise solutions to these problems although all problems are examined in depth. All the problems are based on the research experience of the authors in real-world companies and the teaching experience of the authors. This second edition of the book has many new problems and solutions influenced by today's evolving industrial engineering, management and decision-making practices. The book includes many new problems specifically designed to address today's business challenges. The new edition offers readers the opportunity to tackle and analyse new problems inspired by real-life scenarios.

• Dynamic Programming
• Game Theory
• Integer Programming
• Inventory Theory
• Linear and Non-Linear Programming
• Markov Processes
• Network Modeling
• Queue Theory

Authors and Affiliations

Raul Poler, Josefa Mula Bru, Manuel Díaz-Madroñero, Raquel Sanchis

About the authors

Prof. Raúl Poler is Professor in Operations Man  agement and Operations Research at the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV). He received his Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering from UPV in 1998. He is Director of the Research Centre on Production Management and Engineering (CIGIP). He has been researcher in 30 R&D Projects of the European Economic Community, 23 Projects of the Spanish Government, 10 Projects of the Valencian Government and 45 contracts with companies.  He has published 484 research papers in a number of leading journals and in several international conferences. He has been Member of the Scientific Committee of 21 international conferences in 112 different editions. He has been Visiting Professor at the Toulouse Business School. His key research topics include Enterprise Modelling, Collaborative Networks, Supply Chain Management, Knowledge Management, Production Planning and Control, Decision Support Systems, Evolutionary Algorithms and Artificial Intelligence.

Prof. Josefa Mula is Professor of the Department of Business Management at the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) in Spain where she teaches supply chain simulation, production management and operations research. She is Member of the scientific committee of the Research Centre on Production Management and Engineering (CIGIP) of UPV. She has participated in various European projects and has led several national and regional projects. She has written (in collaboration) more than 140 articles in international journals. She has written (in collaboration) the book Supply Chain Simulation: A system dynamics approach for improving performance. She is Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Production Management and Engineering and Associate Editor of the Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management and Dirección y Organización, among others. Her research interests are oriented to production management and engineering, supply chain management and uncertainty modelling.

Prof. Manuel Díaz-Madroñero is Professor of the Department of Business Management at the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) in Spain. He teaches subjects related to Information Systems, Operational Research and Operations Management and Logistics. He is Member of the Research Centre on Production Management and Engineering (CIGIP) of the UPV. He has participated in different research projects funded by the European Commission, the Spanish Government, the Valencian Regional Government and the UPV. As a result, he has published (in collaboration) more than fifty articles in different indexed journals and international conferences. His research areas include production planning and transportation, fuzzy mathematical programming and robust optimization, multicriteria decision-making, sustainable operations management and enabling technologies for supply chain planning 4.0/5.0.

Dr. Raquel Sanchis is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Business Management at the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) in Spain, where she teaches operations research, business organisation, demand and supply management, production systems and industrial economics. She is Member of the UPV's Research Centre on Production Management and Engineering (CIGIP). Her research activities mainly focus on enterprise and supply chain resilience, sustainability, and production management and engineering. Her commitment to the advancement of these fields is evidenced by her active participation in numerous European projects. She has published (in collaboration) more than forty articles in international journals and co-presented more than seventy papers in international conferences.

Bibliographic Information

Book Title : Operations Research Problems

Book Subtitle : Statements and Solutions

Authors : Raul Poler, Josefa Mula Bru, Manuel Díaz-Madroñero, Raquel Sanchis

Publisher : Springer London

eBook Packages : Engineering , Mechanical Engineering (R0)

Copyright Information : The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025

Hardcover ISBN : 978-1-4471-7545-2 Due: 15 January 2025

Softcover ISBN : 978-1-4471-7548-3 Due: 15 January 2026

eBook ISBN : 978-1-4471-7546-9 Due: 15 January 2025

Edition Number : 2

Number of Pages : XIII, 387

Number of Illustrations : 34 b/w illustrations, 61 illustrations in colour

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Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper

• The Research Problem/Question
• Purpose of Guide
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• Glossary of Research Terms
• Reading Research Effectively
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• Scholarly vs. Popular Publications
• Qualitative Methods
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• Insiderness
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A research problem is a definite or clear expression [statement] about an area of concern, a condition to be improved upon, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in scholarly literature, in theory, or within existing practice that points to a need for meaningful understanding and deliberate investigation. A research problem does not state how to do something, offer a vague or broad proposition, or present a value question. In the social and behavioral sciences, studies are most often framed around examining a problem that needs to be understood and resolved in order to improve society and the human condition.

Bryman, Alan. “The Research Question in Social Research: What is its Role?” International Journal of Social Research Methodology 10 (2007): 5-20; Guba, Egon G., and Yvonna S. Lincoln. “Competing Paradigms in Qualitative Research.” In Handbook of Qualitative Research . Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln, editors. (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1994), pp. 105-117; Pardede, Parlindungan. “Identifying and Formulating the Research Problem." Research in ELT: Module 4 (October 2018): 1-13; Li, Yanmei, and Sumei Zhang. "Identifying the Research Problem." In Applied Research Methods in Urban and Regional Planning . (Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2022), pp. 13-21.

Importance of...

The purpose of a problem statement is to:

• Introduce the reader to the importance of the topic being studied . The reader is oriented to the significance of the study.
• Anchors the research questions, hypotheses, or assumptions to follow . It offers a concise statement about the purpose of your paper.
• Place the topic into a particular context that defines the parameters of what is to be investigated.
• Provide the framework for reporting the results and indicates what is probably necessary to conduct the study and explain how the findings will present this information.

In the social sciences, the research problem establishes the means by which you must answer the "So What?" question. This declarative question refers to a research problem surviving the relevancy test [the quality of a measurement procedure that provides repeatability and accuracy]. Note that answering the "So What?" question requires a commitment on your part to not only show that you have reviewed the literature, but that you have thoroughly considered the significance of the research problem and its implications applied to creating new knowledge and understanding or informing practice.

To survive the "So What" question, problem statements should possess the following attributes:

• Clarity and precision [a well-written statement does not make sweeping generalizations and irresponsible pronouncements; it also does include unspecific determinates like "very" or "giant"],
• Demonstrate a researchable topic or issue [i.e., feasibility of conducting the study is based upon access to information that can be effectively acquired, gathered, interpreted, synthesized, and understood],
• Identification of what would be studied, while avoiding the use of value-laden words and terms,
• Identification of an overarching question or small set of questions accompanied by key factors or variables,
• Identification of key concepts and terms,
• Articulation of the study's conceptual boundaries or parameters or limitations,
• Some generalizability in regards to applicability and bringing results into general use,
• Conveyance of the study's importance, benefits, and justification [i.e., regardless of the type of research, it is important to demonstrate that the research is not trivial],
• Does not have unnecessary jargon or overly complex sentence constructions; and,
• Conveyance of more than the mere gathering of descriptive data providing only a snapshot of the issue or phenomenon under investigation.

Bryman, Alan. “The Research Question in Social Research: What is its Role?” International Journal of Social Research Methodology 10 (2007): 5-20; Brown, Perry J., Allen Dyer, and Ross S. Whaley. "Recreation Research—So What?" Journal of Leisure Research 5 (1973): 16-24; Castellanos, Susie. Critical Writing and Thinking. The Writing Center. Dean of the College. Brown University; Ellis, Timothy J. and Yair Levy Nova. "Framework of Problem-Based Research: A Guide for Novice Researchers on the Development of a Research-Worthy Problem." Informing Science: the International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline 11 (2008); Thesis and Purpose Statements. The Writer’s Handbook. Writing Center. University of Wisconsin, Madison; Thesis Statements. The Writing Center. University of North Carolina; Tips and Examples for Writing Thesis Statements. The Writing Lab and The OWL. Purdue University; Selwyn, Neil. "‘So What?’…A Question that Every Journal Article Needs to Answer." Learning, Media, and Technology 39 (2014): 1-5; Shoket, Mohd. "Research Problem: Identification and Formulation." International Journal of Research 1 (May 2014): 512-518.

Structure and Writing Style

I.  Types and Content

There are four general conceptualizations of a research problem in the social sciences:

• Casuist Research Problem -- this type of problem relates to the determination of right and wrong in questions of conduct or conscience by analyzing moral dilemmas through the application of general rules and the careful distinction of special cases.
• Difference Research Problem -- typically asks the question, “Is there a difference between two or more groups or treatments?” This type of problem statement is used when the researcher compares or contrasts two or more phenomena. This a common approach to defining a problem in the clinical social sciences or behavioral sciences.
• Descriptive Research Problem -- typically asks the question, "what is...?" with the underlying purpose to describe the significance of a situation, state, or existence of a specific phenomenon. This problem is often associated with revealing hidden or understudied issues.
• Relational Research Problem -- suggests a relationship of some sort between two or more variables to be investigated. The underlying purpose is to investigate specific qualities or characteristics that may be connected in some way.

A problem statement in the social sciences should contain :

• A lead-in that helps ensure the reader will maintain interest over the study,
• A declaration of originality [e.g., mentioning a knowledge void or a lack of clarity about a topic that will be revealed in the literature review of prior research],
• An indication of the central focus of the study [establishing the boundaries of analysis], and
• An explanation of the study's significance or the benefits to be derived from investigating the research problem.

NOTE:   A statement describing the research problem of your paper should not be viewed as a thesis statement that you may be familiar with from high school. Given the content listed above, a description of the research problem is usually a short paragraph in length.

II.  Sources of Problems for Investigation

The identification of a problem to study can be challenging, not because there's a lack of issues that could be investigated, but due to the challenge of formulating an academically relevant and researchable problem which is unique and does not simply duplicate the work of others. To facilitate how you might select a problem from which to build a research study, consider these sources of inspiration:

Deductions from Theory This relates to deductions made from social philosophy or generalizations embodied in life and in society that the researcher is familiar with. These deductions from human behavior are then placed within an empirical frame of reference through research. From a theory, the researcher can formulate a research problem or hypothesis stating the expected findings in certain empirical situations. The research asks the question: “What relationship between variables will be observed if theory aptly summarizes the state of affairs?” One can then design and carry out a systematic investigation to assess whether empirical data confirm or reject the hypothesis, and hence, the theory.

Interdisciplinary Perspectives Identifying a problem that forms the basis for a research study can come from academic movements and scholarship originating in disciplines outside of your primary area of study. This can be an intellectually stimulating exercise. A review of pertinent literature should include examining research from related disciplines that can reveal new avenues of exploration and analysis. An interdisciplinary approach to selecting a research problem offers an opportunity to construct a more comprehensive understanding of a very complex issue that any single discipline may be able to provide.

Interviewing Practitioners The identification of research problems about particular topics can arise from formal interviews or informal discussions with practitioners who provide insight into new directions for future research and how to make research findings more relevant to practice. Discussions with experts in the field, such as, teachers, social workers, health care providers, lawyers, business leaders, etc., offers the chance to identify practical, “real world” problems that may be understudied or ignored within academic circles. This approach also provides some practical knowledge which may help in the process of designing and conducting your study.

Personal Experience Don't undervalue your everyday experiences or encounters as worthwhile problems for investigation. Think critically about your own experiences and/or frustrations with an issue facing society or related to your community, your neighborhood, your family, or your personal life. This can be derived, for example, from deliberate observations of certain relationships for which there is no clear explanation or witnessing an event that appears harmful to a person or group or that is out of the ordinary.

Relevant Literature The selection of a research problem can be derived from a thorough review of pertinent research associated with your overall area of interest. This may reveal where gaps exist in understanding a topic or where an issue has been understudied. Research may be conducted to: 1) fill such gaps in knowledge; 2) evaluate if the methodologies employed in prior studies can be adapted to solve other problems; or, 3) determine if a similar study could be conducted in a different subject area or applied in a different context or to different study sample [i.e., different setting or different group of people]. Also, authors frequently conclude their studies by noting implications for further research; read the conclusion of pertinent studies because statements about further research can be a valuable source for identifying new problems to investigate. The fact that a researcher has identified a topic worthy of further exploration validates the fact it is worth pursuing.

III.  What Makes a Good Research Statement?

A good problem statement begins by introducing the broad area in which your research is centered, gradually leading the reader to the more specific issues you are investigating. The statement need not be lengthy, but a good research problem should incorporate the following features:

1.  Compelling Topic The problem chosen should be one that motivates you to address it but simple curiosity is not a good enough reason to pursue a research study because this does not indicate significance. The problem that you choose to explore must be important to you, but it must also be viewed as important by your readers and to a the larger academic and/or social community that could be impacted by the results of your study. 2.  Supports Multiple Perspectives The problem must be phrased in a way that avoids dichotomies and instead supports the generation and exploration of multiple perspectives. A general rule of thumb in the social sciences is that a good research problem is one that would generate a variety of viewpoints from a composite audience made up of reasonable people. 3.  Researchability This isn't a real word but it represents an important aspect of creating a good research statement. It seems a bit obvious, but you don't want to find yourself in the midst of investigating a complex research project and realize that you don't have enough prior research to draw from for your analysis. There's nothing inherently wrong with original research, but you must choose research problems that can be supported, in some way, by the resources available to you. If you are not sure if something is researchable, don't assume that it isn't if you don't find information right away--seek help from a librarian !

NOTE:   Do not confuse a research problem with a research topic. A topic is something to read and obtain information about, whereas a problem is something to be solved or framed as a question raised for inquiry, consideration, or solution, or explained as a source of perplexity, distress, or vexation. In short, a research topic is something to be understood; a research problem is something that needs to be investigated.

IV.  Asking Analytical Questions about the Research Problem

Research problems in the social and behavioral sciences are often analyzed around critical questions that must be investigated. These questions can be explicitly listed in the introduction [i.e., "This study addresses three research questions about women's psychological recovery from domestic abuse in multi-generational home settings..."], or, the questions are implied in the text as specific areas of study related to the research problem. Explicitly listing your research questions at the end of your introduction can help in designing a clear roadmap of what you plan to address in your study, whereas, implicitly integrating them into the text of the introduction allows you to create a more compelling narrative around the key issues under investigation. Either approach is appropriate.

The number of questions you attempt to address should be based on the complexity of the problem you are investigating and what areas of inquiry you find most critical to study. Practical considerations, such as, the length of the paper you are writing or the availability of resources to analyze the issue can also factor in how many questions to ask. In general, however, there should be no more than four research questions underpinning a single research problem.

Given this, well-developed analytical questions can focus on any of the following:

• Highlights a genuine dilemma, area of ambiguity, or point of confusion about a topic open to interpretation by your readers;
• Yields an answer that is unexpected and not obvious rather than inevitable and self-evident;
• Provokes meaningful thought or discussion;
• Raises the visibility of the key ideas or concepts that may be understudied or hidden;
• Suggests the need for complex analysis or argument rather than a basic description or summary; and,
• Offers a specific path of inquiry that avoids eliciting generalizations about the problem.

NOTE:   Questions of how and why concerning a research problem often require more analysis than questions about who, what, where, and when. You should still ask yourself these latter questions, however. Thinking introspectively about the who, what, where, and when of a research problem can help ensure that you have thoroughly considered all aspects of the problem under investigation and helps define the scope of the study in relation to the problem.

V.  Mistakes to Avoid

Beware of circular reasoning! Do not state the research problem as simply the absence of the thing you are suggesting. For example, if you propose the following, "The problem in this community is that there is no hospital," this only leads to a research problem where:

• The need is for a hospital
• The objective is to create a hospital
• The method is to plan for building a hospital, and
• The evaluation is to measure if there is a hospital or not.

This is an example of a research problem that fails the "So What?" test . In this example, the problem does not reveal the relevance of why you are investigating the fact there is no hospital in the community [e.g., perhaps there's a hospital in the community ten miles away]; it does not elucidate the significance of why one should study the fact there is no hospital in the community [e.g., that hospital in the community ten miles away has no emergency room]; the research problem does not offer an intellectual pathway towards adding new knowledge or clarifying prior knowledge [e.g., the county in which there is no hospital already conducted a study about the need for a hospital, but it was conducted ten years ago]; and, the problem does not offer meaningful outcomes that lead to recommendations that can be generalized for other situations or that could suggest areas for further research [e.g., the challenges of building a new hospital serves as a case study for other communities].

Alvesson, Mats and Jörgen Sandberg. “Generating Research Questions Through Problematization.” Academy of Management Review 36 (April 2011): 247-271 ; Choosing and Refining Topics. Writing@CSU. Colorado State University; D'Souza, Victor S. "Use of Induction and Deduction in Research in Social Sciences: An Illustration." Journal of the Indian Law Institute 24 (1982): 655-661; Ellis, Timothy J. and Yair Levy Nova. "Framework of Problem-Based Research: A Guide for Novice Researchers on the Development of a Research-Worthy Problem." Informing Science: the International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline 11 (2008); How to Write a Research Question. The Writing Center. George Mason University; Invention: Developing a Thesis Statement. The Reading/Writing Center. Hunter College; Problem Statements PowerPoint Presentation. The Writing Lab and The OWL. Purdue University; Procter, Margaret. Using Thesis Statements. University College Writing Centre. University of Toronto; Shoket, Mohd. "Research Problem: Identification and Formulation." International Journal of Research 1 (May 2014): 512-518; Trochim, William M.K. Problem Formulation. Research Methods Knowledge Base. 2006; Thesis and Purpose Statements. The Writer’s Handbook. Writing Center. University of Wisconsin, Madison; Thesis Statements. The Writing Center. University of North Carolina; Tips and Examples for Writing Thesis Statements. The Writing Lab and The OWL. Purdue University; Pardede, Parlindungan. “Identifying and Formulating the Research Problem." Research in ELT: Module 4 (October 2018): 1-13; Walk, Kerry. Asking an Analytical Question. [Class handout or worksheet]. Princeton University; White, Patrick. Developing Research Questions: A Guide for Social Scientists . New York: Palgrave McMillan, 2009; Li, Yanmei, and Sumei Zhang. "Identifying the Research Problem." In Applied Research Methods in Urban and Regional Planning . (Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2022), pp. 13-21.

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• General & Introductory Life Sciences

Research Ethics for Scientists: A Companion for Students, 2nd Edition

ISBN: 978-1-119-83788-6

August 2023

Digital Evaluation Copy

C. Neal Stewart Jr.

A fully updated textbook helping advanced students and young scientists navigate the ethical challenges that are common to scientific researchers in academia

As the number of scientific journals, government regulations, and institutional guidelines continue to grow, research scientists are increasingly facing ethical dilemmas. Even seasoned and honest scientists can unintentionally commit research misconduct or fail to detect and address intentional misbehavior.

Research Ethics for Scientists is an authoritative “how-to” guide that clearly outlines best practices in scientific research. Critically examining the key problems that arise in research management and practice, this real-world handbook helps students and young scientists conduct scientific research that adheres to the highest ethical standards. Accessible chapters, logically organized into functional themes and units, cover all the major areas that are crucial for sustained success in science: ideas, people, data, publications, and funding.

The second edition offers new and updated content throughout, including discussions of recent innovations to detect and adjudicate research misconduct, vulnerabilities in research practices that were exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, and new methods people are using to cheat the system and skew the peer review process. Entirely new case studies focus on harassment and bullying in training and mentorship, anti-science and pseudoscience, equality and equity issues, the fabrication of data, and more. This edition integrates gender, race, student training, and other important social issues throughout.

• Presents up-to-date coverage of growing issues such as the ethics of rushing to publish
• Discusses the use of text-similarity detecting software to reveal plagiarism and image analysis techniques for detecting data and image manipulation
• Features new material on current trends such as universal open access (OA) publishing, increased research metrics, new models for peer review, working for multiple employers, and “shadow labs” for individual scientists
• Includes access to a companion website with PowerPoint slides of case studies and figures

Written by an experienced researcher and PhD mentor, Research Ethics for Scientists: A Companion for Students, Second Edition is an indispensable resource for graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, early-career professors, and scientists involved in teaching scientists-in-training.

C. Neal Stewart, Jr. is Ivan Racheff Chaired Professor of Plant Molecular Genetics, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, USA. He teaches a graduate-level research ethics course that focuses on best practices in research that are portable among different areas of biology, medicine, and agriculture.

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Address Child Hunger Through Free School Meals for All

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Rachel T. Kimbro and Simon E. Fern, “Address Child Hunger Through Free School Meals for All,” Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy, September 17, 2024, https://doi.org/10.25613/K8YJ-MP84 .

This brief is part of “ Election 2024: Policy Playbook ,” a series by Rice University and the Baker Institute that offers critical context, analysis, and recommendations to inform policymaking in the United States and Texas.

The Big Picture

• Food insecurity is a key determinant of children’s success at school and directly affects their development and opportunities later in life. 
• Universal free school breakfast and lunch policies are one of the simplest and most effective ways to set every child up for success in their education and health.
• Making school meals universally free across the U.S. would cost only a small fraction of the federal budget and would lead to long-term governmental savings.
• Universal provision of free school meals is a  widely popular and proven intervention that is  gathering bipartisan support and comes with clear, measurable outcomes.

Summarizing the Issue

In 2023,  17.3%  of U.S. households with children were food insecure, or unable to afford the nutritious food needed for an active and healthy lifestyle. Due to social and economic inequalities , Black,  Indigenous , and Latino communities showed higher rates of food insecurity. Additionally, children who face food insecurity are more likely to experience the following: 

• Poor  school attendance .
• Worse  developmental trajectories .
• Memory and cognition challenges. 
• Difficulty paying attention at school. 
• Diminished performance in their school subjects. 

These disadvantages compound over time, meaning that children from food insecure homes face worse prospects later in life in comparison to those who do not experience food insecurity.

In the context of  rising child poverty , policymakers have rolled out universal free school meals programs at public schools across the country in states including California , Maine , Minnesota , New Mexico ,  Colorado ,  Vermont , and  Michigan . Because the meals offered are universally available, even children who are not usually eligible for income-based assistance receive support . Proponents of universal free school meals highlight these programs as a simple, efficient, and effective way to address the hunger and nutrition gap that is currently undermining student success nationwide.

Other countries  are leading the way in addressing the food security gap, with India, Estonia, Finland, Brazil, Wales, and Scotland introducing a variety of plans that ensure school-age children have access to good quality, nutritious meals. With  evidence of the approach’s benefits building, the U.S. risks falling behind if it fails to implement these programs more broadly.

Expert Analysis

As food insecurity researchers, we have focused on the experiences of families in a historically underserved, low-income Black community in Houston, Texas. Through our work, we found that no matter how hard families work to piece together formal and informal supports, food security remains  an intergenerational challenge for marginalized communities. This situation can only be remedied by  concerted and decisive government action to better distribute resources in a way that does not create additional challenges for hard-working families.  Stigma and  fear of surveillance also hold many families back from seeking food assistance, and universal provision of free school meals can help to mitigate this. 

Universal Provision Generates Significant Benefits 

Introducing universal free meals improves student performance across a  range of academic and behavioral outcomes . Extensive  research by social scientists and nutritionists concludes that this universal provision improves attendance, academic performance, and overall health. Research also shows that public school systems that have implemented free meals programs have even seen  reduced suspension rates . 

In fact, studies on universal free school meals illustrate that the benefits reach not just children but their families too, by helping to reduce the economic strain on food insecure households’ grocery expenses  by up to 19% .  Research also demonstrates that universal free school meals programs cut down on red tape and paperwork for schools and parents while decreasing the stigma of receiving government assistance. Finally,  expert analysis indicates that expanding universal free school meals not only aids at-risk children but also helps to tackle root causes of health and educational inequity.

Evaluating the Costs

How much would universal provision of free school meals cost the U.S.? 

Current estimates are about  $30 billion annually , up from the $19 billion now being spent on free school meals. Making breakfast and lunches universally free, however, will save administrative costs that now go toward assessing which children are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. Harder to quantify, but most important, are the long-term savings for taxpayers that would result from drastically reducing hunger in U.S. public schools. 

Policy Actions

We recommend policymakers support: 

• Universal free school breakfasts and lunches for all U.S. public school children. 
• Additional Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT) benefits in the summer months to make up for the loss of school-based options during extended vacations.
• Initiatives that mirror existing successful universal school meals programs, such as the  Free School Meals for Kids law enacted by Minnesota in 2023.
• The need to provide all students with sufficient nutritious food not only to make school fairer but also to lay the groundwork for good health nationwide.

The Bottom Line

By advocating for and instituting universal free school meals, policymakers can ensure that every American child gets the nutrition they need to succeed at school and beyond. 

This material may be quoted or reproduced without prior permission, provided appropriate credit is given to the author and Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy. The views expressed herein are those of the individual author(s), and do not necessarily represent the views of Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy.

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