what is critical thinking in everyday life

Critical Thinking: What It Is and Why It Matters

Defining critical thinking dispositions and why they’re crucial..

Posted September 23, 2024 | Reviewed by Devon Frye

• Another way to think about and measure critical thinking is to include aspects of motivational dispositions.
• Dispositions include open-mindedness and a willingness to be reflective when evaluating information.
• People scoring low in critical thinking dispositions tend to “keep it simple” when something is complex.
• Critical thinking dispositions help individuals avoid oversimplification and can facilitate awareness of bias.

Critical thinking springs from the notion of reflective thought proposed by Dewey (1933), who borrowed from the work of philosophers such as William James and Charles Peirce. Reflective thought was defined as the process of suspending judgment, remaining open-minded, maintaining a healthy skepticism, and taking responsibility for one’s own development (Gerber et al., 2005; Stoyanov & Kirshner, 2007).

Kurland (1995) suggested, “Critical thinking is concerned with reason, intellectual honesty, and open-mindedness, as opposed to emotionalism, intellectual laziness, and closed-mindedness. Thus, critical thinking involves… considering all possibilities… being precise; considering a variety of possible viewpoints and explanations; weighing the effects of motives and biases; being concerned more with finding the truth than with being right…being aware of one’s own prejudices and biases” (p. 3). Thus, being able to perspective-take and becoming conscious of one’s own biases are potential benefits of critical thinking capacities.

Reviews of the critical thinking literature (e.g., Bensley, 2023) suggest that the assessment of this construct ought to include aspects of motivational dispositions. Numerous frameworks of critical thinking dispositions have been proposed (e.g., Bensley, 2018; Butler & Halpern, 2019; Dwyer, 2017); some commonly identified dispositions are open-mindedness, intellectual engagement, and a proclivity to take a reflective stance or approach to evaluating information and the views and beliefs of both oneself and others. Demir (2022) posited that critical thinking dispositions reflect persons’ attitudes toward and routine ways of responding to new information and diverging ideas, willingness to engage in nuanced and complex rather than either/or reductionistic thinking, and perseverance in attempts to understand and resolve complex problems.

Other examples of dispositions are inquisitiveness, open-mindedness, tolerance for ambiguity, thinking about thinking, honesty in assessing or evaluating biases, and willingness to reconsider one’s own views and ways of doing things (Facione et al., 2001). Individual personality attributes associated with these proclivities include a need for cognition (a desire for intellectual stimulation), which is positively associated with critical thinking, and the need for closure (a motivated cognitive style in which individuals prefer predictability, firm answers, and rapid decision making ) and anti-intellectualism (a resentment of “the life of the mind” and those who represent it), both negatively associated with critical thinking.

Further, an ideological component that can impede critical thinking is dogmatism . In addition, rigid, dichotomous thinking impedes critical thinking in that it oversimplifies the complexity of social life in a pluralistic society (Bensley, 2023; Cheung et al., 2002; Halpern & Dunn, 2021) and tries to reduce complicated phenomena and resolve complex problems via “either/or” formulations and simplistic solutions.

In other words, folks with low critical thinking dispositions would tend to “keep it simple” when something is really quite complicated, and think it absolute terms and categories rather than seeing “the gray” in between the black and white extremes.

In sum, critical thinking dispositions are vitally important because they may help individuals avoid oversimplifying reality; they also permit perspective-taking and can facilitate their awareness of diversity and systematic biases, such as racial or gender bias . Some research has indicated that critical thinking dispositions uniquely contribute to academic performance beyond general cognition (Ren et al., 2020), and may help to reduce unsubstantiated claims and conspiracy beliefs (Bensley, 2023; Lantian et al., 2021).

But before we can study the potential impact of critical thinking dispositions, it is necessary to have a reliable, valid, and hopefully brief measure for this construct. I will discuss the development and validation of a measure of critical thinking dispositions in another post.

Bensley, D.A. ( 2023.) Critical thinking, intelligence, and unsubstantiated beliefs: An integrative review. Journal of Intelligence, 1 , 207. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11110207

Bensley, D.A. (2018). Critical thinking in psychology and everyday life: A guide to effective thinking . New York: Worth Publishers.

Butler, H.A., & Halpern, D.F. (2019). Is critical thinking a better model of intelligence? In Robert J. Sternberg (Ed.) The Nature of Intelligence (pp. 183–96). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cheung, C.-K, Rudowicz. E., Kwan, A., & Yue, X.. (2002). Assessing university students’ general and specific criticalthinking. College Student Journal, 36 , 504 – 25.

Demir, E. (2022). An examination of high school students’ critical thinking dispositions and analytical thinking skills. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 6 , 190–200. https://doi.org/10.33902/JPR.202217357

Dewey, J. (1933). How we think: A restatement of the relation of reflective thinking to the educative process . Lexington: Heath and Company.

Dwyer, C. P. (2017). Critical thinking: Conceptual perspectives and practical guidelines . Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press.

Facione, P., Facione, N,C,, & Giancarlo, C.A.F. (2001(. California Critical Disposition Inventory . Millbrae: California Academic Press.

Gerber, S., Scott, L., Clements, D.H., & Sarama, J. (2005). Instructor influence on reasoned argument in discussion boards. Educational Technology, Research & Development, 53 , 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02504864

Halpern, D. F., & Dunn, D.S. (2021). Critical thinking: A model of intelligence for solving real-world problems. Journal of Intelligence, 9 , 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence9020022

Kurland, D. (1995). I know what it says… What does it mean? Critical skills for critical reading . Belmont: Wadsworth.

Lantian, A., Bagneux, V., Delouvee, S., & Gauvrit, N. (2021). Maybe a free thinker but not a critical one: High conspiracybelief is associated with low critical thinking ability. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 35 , 674 – 84. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3790

Ren, X., Tong, Y., Peng, P. & Wang, T. (2020). Critical thinking predicts academic performance beyond general cognitiveability: Evidence from adults and children. Intelligence, 82 , 101487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2020.101487

Stoyanov, S., & Kirschner, P. ( 2007). Effect of problem solving support and cognitive styles on idea generation:Implications for technology-enhanced learning. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 40 , 49–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2007.10782496

Kyle D. Killian, Ph.D., LMFT is the author of Interracial Couples, Intimacy and Therapy: Crossing Racial Borders.

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Global Cognition

Critical thinking in everyday life.

by Winston Sieck updated September 19, 2021

Have you ever been listening to one of your teacher’s lessons and thought that it had no relevance to your own life?

You’re not alone. Just about every student has felt the same way.

Sure, you use critical thinking skills in the classroom to solve word problems in math, write essays in English, and create hypotheses in science.

But how will you use critical thinking in everyday life?

First, keep in mind that critical thinking is simply a “deliberate thought process.”

Basically, it means that you are using reason and logic to come to a conclusion about an issue or decision you are tangling with.

And clear, sound reasoning is something that will help you every day.

To help you make the leap from classroom to real world, here are 3 concrete examples of critical thinking in everyday life.

Fake News vs. Real News

Take a moment to reflect on your media skills. Do you think you have what it takes to sort out a real news source from a piece of clever advertising?

According to a recent study from Stanford University, a whopping 82% of the teens surveyed could not distinguish between an ad labeled “sponsored content” and a legitimate news story.

Part of the problem may come from schools cutting back on formal instruction of critical thinking skills and an assumption that today’s “digital native” teens can automatically tell the difference without practice or instruction.

You are good at lots of things. But, you know, you’ve practiced those things you’re good at. So, how can you practice telling fact from fiction?

One way (outside of school) is to chat with your family and friends about media sources. Find out how they stay informed, and why they choose those outlets. Ask each other routine questions for evaluating sources .

Do your Friends Know Everything?

It’s tempting to believe that the world begins and ends with your friends. Don’t get me wrong. Friends are definitely important. However, it pays to reflect a little on how a group influences our lives.

To practice critical thinking in everyday life, take a close look at your group of friends. Are there things that are “forbidden” in your social circle? Are you expected to act a certain way, dress a certain way?

Think a certain way?

It’s natural that when a group defines something as “cool”, all the people in the group work to fit into that definition. Regardless of what they individually believe.

The problem is that virtually every situation can be defined in multiple ways. What is “dumb” to one person may be “cool” to another.

Develop your ability to redefine the way you see the world around you. On your own terms.

Find a time when your friend group sees the negative in a situation. Is there a positive way to view it instead? Or at least a way that makes it seem not quite so bad?

You may not be ready to speak up with your independent view. And that’s ok. Just practice thinking differently from the group to strengthen your mind.

Critical Thinking in the Driver’s Seat

One of the core critical thinking skills you need every day is the ability to examine the implications and consequences of a belief or action. In its deepest form, this ability can help you form your own set of beliefs in everything from climate change to religion.

But this skill can also save your life (and your car insurance rate) behind the wheel.

Imagine you are cruising down the freeway when your phone alerts you to an incoming text message. The ability to examine your potential actions and their accompanying consequences will help you make the best choice for how to handle the situation.

Do you look at the text and risk getting into an accident? Do you wait and risk not responding to an urgent matter? Or do you pull over to look at the text and risk being late for your appointment?

The same skill can be applied when you are looking for a place to park, when to pull onto a busy street, or whether to run the yellow light.

Better yet, the more practiced you are at looking at the implications of your driving habits, the faster you can make split second decisions behind the wheel.

Why Critical Thinking in Everyday Life Matters

Literally everyone can benefit from critical thinking because the need for it is all around us.

In a philosophical paper , Peter Facione makes a strong case that critical thinking skills are needed by everyone, in all societies who value safety, justice, and a host of other positive values:

“Considered as a form of thoughtful judgment or reflective decision-making, in a very real sense critical thinking is pervasive. There is hardly a time or a place where it would not seem to be of potential value. As long as people have purposes in mind and wish to judge how to accomplish them, as long as people wonder what is true and what is not, what to believe and what to reject, strong critical thinking is going to be necessary.”

So, in other words, as long as you remain curious, purposeful, and ambitious, no matter what your interests, you’re going to need critical thinking to really own your life.

About Winston Sieck

Dr. Winston Sieck is a cognitive psychologist working to measure and advance the development of thinking skills. See more posts here.

Reader Interactions

July 27, 2019 at 7:20 am

Wonderful article.. Useful in daily life… I have never imagined the way critical thinking is useful to make judgments

December 9, 2020 at 9:38 pm

My name is Anthony Lambert I am student at miller Motte. Critical Thinking is one my classes. I thank you for giving me the skills of critical thinking.

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The Importance of Critical Thinking in Everyday Life

Annie Walls

Critical thinking is an essential skill that plays a significant role in our everyday lives. It involves analyzing and evaluating information, making logical connections, and solving problems. By developing critical thinking skills, we can make informed decisions, avoid cognitive biases, and effectively communicate with others. In this article, we will explore the importance of critical thinking in various aspects of life and discuss key takeaways to help enhance our critical thinking abilities.

Key Takeaways

• Critical thinking involves analyzing and evaluating information to make informed decisions.
• Developing critical thinking skills can help us avoid cognitive biases and make logical connections.
• Problem-solving and creativity are essential components of critical thinking.
• Applying critical thinking in everyday life can lead to better decision-making and effective communication.
• Critical thinking is crucial in the workplace for problem-solving, decision-making, innovation, and conflict resolution.

Understanding Critical Thinking

Defining critical thinking.

Critical thinking is a crucial skill that allows individuals to analyze and evaluate information objectively. It involves carefully considering evidence, arguments, and reasoning before making conclusions or decisions. By engaging in critical thinking, individuals can uncover biases, assumptions, and fallacies that may be present in the information they encounter. This helps them to make more informed and rational choices in their everyday lives.

The Components of Critical Thinking

Critical thinking is composed of several key components that work together to enhance our ability to analyze and evaluate information. These components include analysis , interpretation , inference , evaluation , explanation , and self-regulation .

The Benefits of Critical Thinking

Critical thinking has numerous benefits that can positively impact various aspects of life. By engaging in critical thinking, individuals can enhance their problem-solving skills , improve their decision-making abilities, and gain a deeper understanding of complex issues. Analytical thinking is a key component of critical thinking, allowing individuals to break down problems into smaller parts and analyze them systematically. This process enables individuals to identify patterns, make connections, and draw logical conclusions. Moreover, critical thinking promotes creativity and innovation by encouraging individuals to think outside the box and explore alternative solutions. By challenging assumptions and questioning established norms, individuals can generate new ideas and approaches to various situations. Additionally, critical thinking helps individuals evaluate information more effectively, enabling them to make informed decisions based on evidence and logical reasoning. By avoiding cognitive biases and critically assessing the credibility and reliability of information, individuals can navigate through the vast amount of information available in today's digital age. Effective communication is another crucial skill that is enhanced through critical thinking. By critically analyzing and organizing thoughts, individuals can articulate their ideas more clearly and persuasively, leading to more effective communication and collaboration with others.

Developing Critical Thinking Skills

Analytical thinking.

Analytical thinking is a crucial component of critical thinking. It involves breaking down complex problems or situations into smaller parts and examining them systematically. By analyzing the different elements and their relationships, individuals can gain a deeper understanding of the issue at hand. This process allows for the identification of patterns, trends, and potential solutions. Analytical thinking helps individuals make informed decisions based on evidence and logical reasoning. It also enables them to evaluate information objectively and identify any biases or fallacies that may be present.

Logical Reasoning

Logical reasoning is a fundamental aspect of critical thinking. It involves the ability to analyze information, identify patterns, and draw logical conclusions. By using logical reasoning, individuals can evaluate arguments, assess the validity of claims, and make informed decisions. Analyzing evidence and evaluating the logical consistency of statements are key skills in logical reasoning. It allows individuals to think critically and make sound judgments based on evidence and reasoning.

Problem-solving

Problem-solving is a crucial skill in everyday life. It involves identifying and analyzing problems, generating possible solutions, and selecting the best course of action. Creativity plays a significant role in problem-solving as it allows individuals to think outside the box and come up with innovative solutions. Additionally, logical reasoning is essential in evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of different solutions. To enhance problem-solving skills, it is important to practice analytical thinking and engage in critical evaluation of potential solutions. By developing these skills, individuals can approach problems with a systematic and strategic mindset, leading to more effective problem-solving outcomes.

Creativity and Innovation

Creativity and innovation are essential skills in today's rapidly changing world. Creativity allows individuals to think outside the box, generate new ideas, and find unique solutions to problems. It involves breaking free from conventional thinking and exploring different perspectives. On the other hand, innovation is the process of implementing creative ideas to create value. It involves taking those new ideas and turning them into practical solutions or products that benefit individuals and society.

To foster creativity and innovation, it is important to create an environment that encourages experimentation and risk-taking. This can be achieved by providing opportunities for brainstorming sessions, promoting collaboration among team members, and embracing diverse perspectives. By fostering a culture of creativity and innovation, individuals and organizations can stay ahead of the curve and adapt to the ever-changing demands of the world.

In addition to fostering creativity and innovation, it is also important to nurture these skills through continuous learning and development. This can be done by seeking out new experiences, exploring different fields of knowledge, and challenging oneself to think outside the box. By continuously expanding one's knowledge and skills, individuals can enhance their creative thinking abilities and become more innovative in their approach to problem-solving.

Overall, creativity and innovation are not only important in the workplace but also in everyday life. They enable individuals to adapt to change, find unique solutions to problems, and create value for themselves and others. By embracing creativity and innovation, individuals can unlock their full potential and make a positive impact in the world.

Applying Critical Thinking in Everyday Life

Making informed decisions.

Making informed decisions is a crucial aspect of critical thinking. It involves gathering relevant information, analyzing it objectively, and considering different perspectives before making a choice. By making informed decisions, individuals can minimize the risk of making hasty or uninformed choices that may have negative consequences. It is important to gather information from reliable sources and critically evaluate the credibility and validity of the information. Additionally, considering the potential outcomes and weighing the pros and cons can help individuals make more rational and well-thought-out decisions.

Evaluating Information

Evaluating information is a crucial skill in today's information age. With the abundance of information available online, it is important to be able to discern reliable and accurate sources from misleading or false ones. One effective way to evaluate information is to critically analyze the source and consider its credibility, expertise, and bias. Additionally, fact-checking and cross-referencing information with multiple sources can help ensure its accuracy. It is also important to be aware of cognitive biases that can influence our perception of information and to approach it with a skeptical mindset. By developing the skill of evaluating information, we can make more informed decisions and avoid being misled by misinformation or propaganda.

Avoiding Cognitive Biases

In order to make sound decisions and think critically, it is important to be aware of and avoid cognitive biases . Cognitive biases are inherent tendencies to think in certain ways that can lead to errors in judgment and decision-making. By recognizing and understanding these biases, individuals can improve their ability to think critically and make more rational choices.

Effective Communication

Effective communication is a crucial skill in everyday life. It allows individuals to express their thoughts, ideas, and emotions clearly and concisely. Clear and concise communication helps in avoiding misunderstandings and ensures that messages are accurately conveyed. It involves not only speaking but also listening actively and attentively to others.

In addition to verbal communication, non-verbal cues such as body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice play a significant role in effective communication. Being aware of these cues and using them appropriately can enhance the overall effectiveness of communication.

To improve your communication skills, consider the following tips:

• Practice active listening by giving your full attention to the speaker and avoiding distractions.
• Use open-ended questions to encourage meaningful conversations.
• Be mindful of your body language and maintain eye contact.
• Use appropriate and respectful language.

Remember, effective communication is a two-way process that requires both speaking and listening skills.

Critical Thinking in the Workplace

Problem-solving in the workplace.

Problem-solving is a crucial skill in the workplace as it allows individuals and teams to identify and address challenges effectively. It involves analyzing the situation , identifying possible solutions, and implementing the best course of action. Creativity plays a significant role in problem-solving, as it enables individuals to think outside the box and come up with innovative solutions. Additionally, analytical thinking and logical reasoning are essential in evaluating the pros and cons of different options. To enhance problem-solving skills, organizations can provide training workshops that focus on developing creative thinking skills and techniques for generating and evaluating new ideas. By fostering a culture that values and encourages problem-solving, businesses can create a more innovative and adaptable work environment.

Decision-making in a Team

Effective decision-making is crucial in a team setting. When a group of individuals come together to make decisions, it is important to consider different perspectives and gather relevant information. Collaboration is key in this process, as it allows team members to share their insights and expertise. By leveraging the collective knowledge of the team, better decisions can be made. It is also important to establish clear communication channels to ensure that everyone is on the same page and understands the rationale behind the decisions. Additionally, conflict resolution skills play a vital role in decision-making within a team. When conflicts arise, it is important to address them in a constructive manner and find a resolution that benefits the team as a whole.

Innovation and Adaptability

Innovation and adaptability are crucial skills in today's rapidly changing world. Innovation involves thinking creatively and coming up with new ideas, products, or solutions to problems. It requires the ability to think outside the box and challenge conventional thinking. Adaptability , on the other hand, is the capacity to adjust and thrive in changing circumstances. It involves being open to new ideas, being flexible, and being able to learn and grow from new experiences.

To foster innovation and adaptability in the workplace, organizations can:

• Encourage a culture of experimentation and risk-taking
• Provide opportunities for employees to learn and develop new skills
• Foster collaboration and cross-functional teams
• Embrace diversity and inclusion

Innovation and adaptability go hand in hand, as being innovative often requires the ability to adapt to new situations and challenges. By cultivating these skills, individuals and organizations can stay ahead in a rapidly evolving world.

Conflict Resolution

Conflict resolution is an essential skill in the workplace. It involves finding a solution to disagreements or conflicts that arise between individuals or teams. Effective conflict resolution can lead to improved relationships, increased productivity, and a positive work environment. Here are some strategies for resolving conflicts:

• Active listening : Listening attentively to all parties involved and seeking to understand their perspectives.
• Collaboration : Working together to find a mutually beneficial solution.
• Compromise : Finding a middle ground that satisfies both parties to some extent.
• Mediation : Involving a neutral third party to facilitate communication and guide the resolution process.

Remember, conflict resolution is not about winning or losing, but about finding a resolution that is fair and satisfactory for everyone involved.

Critical thinking is a crucial skill in the workplace. It allows individuals to analyze information, evaluate arguments, and make informed decisions. In today's fast-paced and complex business environment, employers value employees who can think critically and solve problems effectively. By honing your critical thinking skills, you can become a valuable asset to any organization. If you want to learn more about the importance of critical thinking and how it can benefit your career, visit Keynote Speaker James Taylor's website. James Taylor is an inspiring keynote speaker and internationally recognized leader in business creativity and innovation. His website offers valuable insights and resources to help you enhance your critical thinking abilities. Don't miss out on this opportunity to take your career to the next level. Visit Keynote Speaker James Taylor's website today!

In conclusion, critical thinking is an essential skill that plays a crucial role in our everyday lives. It allows us to analyze information, evaluate arguments, and make informed decisions. By cultivating critical thinking skills, we can navigate through the complexities of the modern world and avoid falling victim to misinformation and manipulation. Whether it's in our personal relationships, professional endeavors, or societal interactions, critical thinking empowers us to question assumptions, challenge biases, and seek truth. Therefore, it is imperative that we prioritize the development and application of critical thinking in our daily lives.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is critical thinking.

Critical thinking is the ability to analyze and evaluate information objectively, using logical reasoning and evidence to form well-reasoned judgments and make informed decisions.

Why is critical thinking important in everyday life?

Critical thinking helps us navigate through the complexities of everyday life by enabling us to make more informed decisions, solve problems effectively, and avoid cognitive biases.

How can I develop my critical thinking skills?

You can develop your critical thinking skills by practicing analytical thinking, logical reasoning, problem-solving, and fostering creativity and innovation.

How does critical thinking apply to making informed decisions?

Critical thinking allows us to evaluate information objectively, consider multiple perspectives, and weigh the pros and cons before making informed decisions.

What are some common cognitive biases to avoid?

Some common cognitive biases to avoid include confirmation bias, availability bias, and anchoring bias, which can cloud our judgment and lead to irrational decisions.

How does critical thinking contribute to effective communication?

Critical thinking helps us analyze and evaluate information before communicating, ensuring that our messages are clear, logical, and based on evidence.

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