civil services of pakistan essay

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‘An overview of civil services of Pakistan’

The civil services form an important element of national progress and development, as being a fundamental administrative unit, they forge a direct impact on various matters of national significance. They not only deliver services, but also offer leadership at numerous levels of national administration and governance.

This overview of civil services was presented by Fasih Uddin, senior IPS associate and former chief economist, Planning Commission of Pakistan, during an interactive session held at IPS on February 21, 2022.

The session was presided over by Chairman IPS Khalid Rahman and attended by Ambassador (r) Syed Abrar Hussain, vice chairman, IPS and Syed Abu Ahmed Akif, former federal secretary, alongside the Institute’s research faculty.

Discussing the importance, history and evolution of civil services in Pakistan, the speaker explained that the contemporary civil service structure in Pakistan has gradually evolved from the pre-independence civil service framework, which itself finds its roots in the mid-nineteenth century. With time and different post-independence political eras, there have been several reforms and amendments in civil administration roles, duties, induction, and formation, some made by legal means and other by political wills. The establishment of new service categories, the inclusion of women at different administrative levels, accountability of civil servants, and the allocation of authority & power are a few examples of reforms that were done lately.

At the same time, the speaker pointed out, the civil administration framework and services are also loaded with a number of flaws and shortcomings which include the lack of sense of responsibility, political tints, corruption and incompetency.

The speaker advised in the end that the civil administration of Pakistan must be made effective and disciplined, and this can only be done by inculcating civil servants with ethics, moral values, sense of responsibility, competence and commitment.

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Civil Services: The backbone of Pakistani bureaucracy

Imagine the unlimited possibilities where you get respect, unmatched perks, privileges and protocol, earn reasonable salary and most of all, serve pakistan.

Have you ever heard about the bureaucracy of a country? The most powerful government wing that acts like a spinal cord for the establishment. Every country has its own bureaucracy and in Pakistan, this elite authority is known as the Civil Superior Services (CSS).

Civil Services of Pakistan (CSP) is that authoritative part of the government where some specially chosen candidates spend their whole lives by utilising the power given to them just for the sake of the public of the country. These civil servants are leaders of the future of Pakistan and they are also very much the ones who get on to be the policy makers of the country.

The 12 departments (irrespective of priority and respect) of the CSP are:

1. Pakistan Customs Services (PCS)

2. Foreign Service of Pakistan (FSP)

3. Commerce & Trade Group (PCG)

4. Pakistan Administrative Service (PAS)

5. Inland Revenue Service of Pakistan (IRS)

6. Information Services of Pakistan (ISP)

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7. Military Lands & Cantonment Group (MLCG)

8. Office Management and Secretariat Group (OMG)

9. Pakistan Audit and Accounts Service (PAAS)

10. Police Service of Pakistan (PSP)

11. Postal Group (PG)

12. Railways (Commercial & Transport) Group (RCTG)

Without these few departments, the Pakistani government and public system would go numb. So, clearly the civil servants handling and leading these departments have to be outstanding and brilliant as well as unique.

The eligibility for joining the elite service is to pass the Civil Superior Services (CSS) exams. Simple, no? Well, Ninety seven per cent of CSS aspirants who don’t get into the CSP don’t think so.

CSS is an extremely competitive exam that requires months of rigorous preparation with day and night to spend in the studies. It is taken by Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC) that is responsible for the production of the exam papers as well as the recruitment of the candidates. After you have passed the examinations, which only 2-3% of some 28,000 candidates pass per year, you have to qualify in a psychological and then in a medical test. The psychological and medical tests and sometimes even the written CSS exam aren’t as problematic as the final part of the exam; the interview, more likely known as the "viva-voce".

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The viva-voce is the make-it or break-it of CSP qualifications. The four to five interviewers will test a candidate's mental capacities and see if he or she can handle situations under pressure. They will check the candidate’s leadership, management and administrative qualities also keeping in mind the communication skills and attitude of the candidate throughout the interview. Knowledge about Islam and Pakistan’s history, current affairs and foreign affairs is the key to success in the viva-voce.

But the interviewers are not as bad as reputed; they also provide candidates with the tension that if they don’t pass the interview, they’ll have to re-take the CSS exam next year or give up on their dream to become a bureaucrat. (Sarcasm-Intended)

To take the written exams, you have to be at least a graduate from one of the HEC recognised universities. You have three chances to take the exams until the age of 30. So as soon as you have your bachelor degree in your hands, you’re good to go. Moreover, Rs2,500 or Rs,3000 is also to be payed to FPSC for the exam.

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If you think that you won’t ever be able to pass the CSS exam then fret not. There are many public libraries that provide with the best CSS preparation material for very low membership costs. The most famous one in this regard is the Quaid-e-Azam library located in multiple cities like Lahore and Quetta.

This library has been the reason for many CSS enthusiasts getting into the CSP. Also, unless you know how to start with the basics of the preparation, you can always join a CSS preparation academy where top Civil Service officials take out their time to teach you themselves.

However, the best way to prepare for the CSS is perhaps by yourself. Many bureaucrats who once passed this exam with good merit have advised their juniors to spend their concentration for 6-8 hours per day by secluding themselves in a calm and academic environment; that of a library.

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Each and every detail of the CSS examinations, its benefits and its perks, has been passed on by senior CSS officials to junior CSS enthusiasts in this forum , which has been used by many civil servants for the past decade or so and still continues to be a useful source of detail for anyone who wants to know anything about the exams and the postings/training after those exams.

Civil Service exam may seem like a hurdle and many people back off from it just because they think they can never pass it and it's just a waste of time. However, that is far from the truth. Hardworking, deserving candidates, and those who genuinely want to serve their people get into the service easily.

Furthermore, when you pass the exams, you will have benefits and protocols like no one else? Who knows you could be the future secretary to the prime minister.

You could also lead the transportation of containers in Gwadar for China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) or could serve as Pakistan's envoy to the United Nations.

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Imagine the unlimited possibilities where you get respect, unmatched perks, privileges and protocol, earn reasonable salary and most of all, serve Pakistan.

So plan to take these exams and don’t miss the chance so that you can serve the people you care for. Who knows what the CSP has in bag for you in the future?

Khizar Haider Naeem

A CSS enthusiast currently studying Sciences in Alevels.

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Civil Service Reforms in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: Progress So Far, Implementation Barriers and Challenges

• First Online: 26 June 2018

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• Imtiaz Badshah 4 &
• Konstantin Timoshenko 5  

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This chapter describes and analyses civil service reforms in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan with a focus on contemporary changes. It addresses two questions: How has the civil service developed in Pakistan over time? What are the factors facilitating and inhibiting civil service reforms in the country? The chapter has six sections. Section 1 specifies the purpose of the chapter and discusses civil service reforms as reflected in the literature. Section 2 provides a succinct overview of the administrative structure of Pakistan. Section 3 highlights the evolution of the civil service in Pakistan, while Section 4 elaborates on the structure of the civil service. Section 5 offers a discussion, bringing to light various factors hindering and facilitating civil service reforms in Pakistan, and Section 6 concludes the chapter.

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Tajikistan: Civil Service and Public Administration Reforms in the Years of Independence

Civil Servants in the Enabling Framework State of the 21st Century

Civil service systems and the challenges of the 21st century.

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2051.html?countryName=&countryCode=pk&regionCode=?countryCode=pk#pk . Retrieved on: 20 April 2010.

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Omitted and Added videEstt. Division O.M. No. 2/l/75-ARC, dated 3 March 1976.

Recently, under the Government’s decision, these departments’ stands transferred to other ministries/divisions.

OSD stands for ‘Officer on Special Duty’. In the CSP , it has negative connotations. Those officers who are unfriendly or disloyal to political leaders are usually made OSDs. They only receive a salary and are entitled to no other facilities or perks of the job. They do not get promoted, as they cannot initiate their Performance Evaluation Reports. The OSD policy is therefore used as a form of political revenge.

The exact number of civil servants relieved from their jobs is unknown. This information was collected from one respondent, the Deputy Collector in the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR).

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Badshah, I., Timoshenko, K. (2019). Civil Service Reforms in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: Progress So Far, Implementation Barriers and Challenges. In: Jamil, I., Dhakal, T., Paudel, N. (eds) Civil Service Management and Administrative Systems in South Asia. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90191-6_7

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Civil service in Pakistan is considered the backbone of the administrative system that reflects the management and administrative structure of the country. The Civil Service of Pakistan has its roots in the Mughal period in the 15th and 16th centuries, but the most eminent and broader framework of civil service was laid with the advent of the British in the subcontinent in the form of East India Company. The National Commission for Government Reforms 2008 recommended in its report a decent living wage and competitive compensation and benefits to attract qualified and motivated civil servants and avoid corruption. Major administrative reforms were initiated in 1973 by the Bhutto government. The reform initiatives need to be gradual, consistent, and realistically designed specifically in view of the indigenous contextual requirements. The major reform initiative should target transforming the rigid and oversized bureaucracy into a more citizen-friendly, responsive, and smart civil service.

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Public Civil Service Reforms in Pakistan

2019, Public Civil Service Reforms in Pakistan

Author proposed reforms in Public sector, to create an awareness and highlight the necessity of the country. Public Services are operating on the principles of 1970 and in some cases 1947, which is outdated and causing the harm instead of any benefit. Since the birth of Pakistan, number of reform shave been proposed and Governments have tried to be implement, however, the public service evolved as Central Superior Service (CSS), an elite class to rule on Pakistan in all circumstances, instead of serving the public. Writer, after witnessing, studying and bench marking of Civil Service in other countries, have proposed reform; A concept, which could facilitate the government and public

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Pakistan’s civil-military equation has long been unstable with repeated interruptions of the constitutional and democratic order. This monograph examines Pakistan’s troubled record of civil-military relations from the perspective of history. It holds that Pakistan’s problems are not unique while emphasizing the importance of seeing the civil component of the equation in an administrative as well as political light. While much has been written about democratic consolidation and the role of political actors in the process, this monograph’s assessment is that the overall capacity of Pakistan’s civilian state apparatus needs to be improved in order for it to deliver. The lessons from this assessment are that unless Pakistan’s civil administration is rehabilitated and reformed, no long-term improvement in civilian capacity to perform and govern effectively will happen. Even if democratic governments complete their tenures in such a context, their overall lack of performance will delegitimize democratic institutions while enabling the military to retain effective control of all key decision-making structures. Unlike a traditional historical analysis, this monograph goes beyond dissection of the problem to prescription and charts a course for Pakistan that, while firmly rooted in the experience of continental bureaucratic states, might allow for the gradual and meaningful restoration of civilian ascendancy in the Pakistani polity.

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CSS Past Papers For All 7 Groups (FREE PDF To Download)

Planning to prepare for the CSS exam? Then you are in luck.

Without wasting your time, here you can download the past papers of CSS in PDF.

Let’s begin with our topic.

CSS stands for Central Superior Services. It is the civil service of Pakistan that is responsible to manage the bureaucratic operations of the Government of Pakistan. Every year, Public Service Commission (PSC) announces the dates for CSS exams and thousands of applicants apply for CSS exams. 

The CSS exams are held every year under the supervision of Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC). The main purpose of these exams is to recruit candidates for Grade 17 and above in the government offices. The applicants who qualify these exams are appointed on different posts in different departments according to their qualification.

CSS exams are conducted by FPSC for hiring of recruitment of civil servants and bureaucrats in Pakistan. There is an age restriction for the exams.

There are written and medical tests involved in the procedure of CSS examination. Written test is held first and medical tests are held after that. After passing both these tests, candidates are called for interview by FPSC.

Written test includes 12 papers which are compulsory as well as optional. There are 6 compulsory subjects which include Essay (100 Marks), English (100 Marks), Current Affairs (100 Marks), Islamic Studies/Ethics (100 Marks), Pakistan Affairs (100 Marks) and General Science and Ability (100 Marks). 

1. CSS Compulsory Subjects:

• English Precis and Composition 2019
• General Science and Ability
• Current Affairs 2019
• Pakistan Affairs 2019
• ISLAMIAT 2019

2. Optional CSS Subjects:

As mentioned above, there are many groups from which the person can select their subjects. We are going to give them one by one.

Group I CSS Past Papers

• Computer Science 2015
• Computer Science 2016
• Computer Science 2017
• Economics – 2015
• Economics – 2016
• Economics – 2017
• International Relations 2015
• International Relations 2016
• International Relations 2017
• Political Science – 2015
• Political Science – 2016
• Political Science – 2017
• Political Science – 2018
• Political Science – 2019
• Accountancy and Auditing-2015
• Accountancy and Auditing-2016
• Accountancy and Auditing-2017

Group II CSS Past Papers

• Applied Mathematics 2009 2016
• Applied Maths – 2017
• Chemistry 2015
• Chemistry 2016
• Chemistry 2017
• Geology 2015
• Geology 2016
• Geology 2017
• Physics – 2015
• Physics – 2016
• Physics – 2017
• PPSC_SR_2016_2016
• Pure Mathematics – 2015
• Pure Mathematics – 2016
• Pure Mathematics – 2017
• Statistics 2015
• Statistics 2016
• Statistics 2017

Group III  CSS Past Papers

• Business Administration – 2015
• Business Administration – 2016
• Business Administration – 2017
• PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 2015
• PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 2016
• PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 2017

Group IV  CSS Past Papers

• British History – 2014
• British History – 2015
• British History – 2016
• European History – 2014
• European History – 2015
• European History – 2016
• History of Pakistan and India 2015
• History of Pakistan and India 2016
• History of Pakistan and India 2017
• History of USA 2015
• History of USA 2016
• History of USA 2017
• Islamic History & Culture 2014
• Islamic History & Culture 2015
• Islamic History & Culture 2016

Group V  CSS Past Papers

• Agriculture 2015
• Agriculture 2016
• Agriculture 2017
• Agriculture 2018
• Agriculture 2019
• Botany – 2011
• Botany – 2012
• Botany – 2013
• English Literature – 2014
• English Literature – 2015
• English Literature – 2016
• Zoology – 2013
• Zoology – 2014
• Zoology – 2015

Group VI  CSS Past Papers

• Constitutional Law-2014
• Constitutional Law-2015
• Constitutional Law-2016
• International Law-2015
• International Law-2016
• International Law-2017
• Mercantile Law-2013
• Mercantile Law-2014
• Mercantile Law-2015
• Muslim Law & Jurisprudence-2014
• Muslim Law & Jurisprudence-2015
• Muslim Law & Jurisprudence-2016
• Philosophy I & II 2011
• Philosophy I & II 2012
• Philosophy Paper I & II – 2014

Group VII  CSS Past Papers

• Arabic – 2013
• Arabic – 2014
• Arabic – 2015
• Journalism 2013
• Journalism 2014
• Journalism 2015
• Psychology – 2013
• Psychology – 2014
• Psychology – 2015
• Punjabi – 2014
• Punjabi – 2015
• Punjabi – 2016
• Sindhi Paper – 2014
• Sindhi Paper 2015
• Sindhi Past papers 2000 to 2012
• Sindhi Past papers 2013
• Sociology 2013
• Sociology 2014
• Sociology 2015

These are the links for the past papers. Hopefully, that you will advance further with the help of these past papers links.

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Impact of Colonial Rule on Civil Services of Pakistan

• N. Soomro , Ghulam Murtaza Khoso
• Published 30 September 2014

2 Citations

The foundations of a nation : framing pakistan from 1940-1971 through international relations theory and postcolonialism, politics of governing npm-led agencies in pakistan: influence of contextual factors on agency autonomy and control, 16 references, education in british india, democracy and authoritarianism in south asia: a comparative and historical perspective.

• Highly Influential

Pakistani Bureaucracy: Crisis of Governance and Prospects of Reform

India, pakistan, and democracy: solving the puzzle of divergent paths, india's political administrators 1919-1983, civil service commission 1855-1991: a bureau biography, the history of british india: a chronology, the muslims of british india, history of education in india, india: its administration & progress, related papers.

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Pakistan civil service.

THIS is apropos of Dr Muhammad Ali Siddiqui's letter on the Pakistan Civil Service (July 27). Ayesha Siddiqa, in her article on governance provided arguments from both sides of the debate but Dr Siddiqui chose unilaterally to lambaste and crucify the present-day civil service questioning their qualities and abilities.

Being a position holder of the CSS examinations in 2005 and a member of the police service, at present serving in the NWFP, I feel obliged to present the alternative point of view. There is no denying the fact that quality of service has suffered badly over the years, which is evident in each and every sphere of our national politics.

But seeing my colleagues belonging to various groups and working under the seniors, I have no qualms and hesitation in saying that they are still among the best equipped as far as academic, professional and analytical skills are concerned.

Anybody who has interacted with profit-hungry businessmen or mealy-mouthed, ignorant private sector employees, shortsighted and parochial politicians and hard-to-miss charlatans posing as analysts and experts on the electronic media will definitely agree with me.

Dr Siddiqui, while lamenting the deterioration of standards in the civil service, has conveniently ignored the contributions made by countless officers who have made the nation proud at various global forums. Ayesha Siddiqa herself belonged to the civil service.

Another recent example is of Dr Hasan Abbas, who was a member of the Police Service of Pakistan and is now a fellow at the Harvard University and has written an authoritative book on extremism.

Of course, nowadays, because of pressure and exigencies of service, civil servants don't have the luxuries that their predecessors had of being able to indulge in all-time academic pursuits.

Civil servants are a product of a competitive selection process, rigorous and comprehensive training and hostile and demanding working environment. It is up to the government to make use of their knowledge, skills and perspicacity.

UMAR RIAZ Peshawar

APROPOS Dr Muhammad Ali Siddiqui's letter, 'Civil Service of Pakistan' (July 27), in response to Ayesha Siddiqa's article, Dr Siddiqui writes that “the CSS examinees drawn from the humanities and professional subjects were largely fed on Dogar's general knowledge and other “'How to... stuff' kits, apart from a depleted curriculum of professional education programmes.”

Dr Siddiqui seems completely oblivious of the CSS examination syllabus. Some professional subjects are optional, but there is a fine blend of humanities, social sciences and other categories in the syllabus. It appears from his perception that he equates CSS examinations with the simple 50 MCQs test, comprising simple general knowledge. Whereas, GK in CSS carries 300 marks out of 1,200. The CSS curriculum also includes everyday sciences, current affairs and Pakistan affairs.

Dr Siddiqui should go through the website of the Federal Public Service Commissions (the only institution that has jealously maintained its credibility) and read up on how CSS examinations are conducted.

For CSS 2008, about 4,500 graduates appeared for examination, and only 357 were successful. For CSS 2009, more than 9,000 had applied, whereas only 250 to 300 (average) candidates will be successfully selected for appointments in 12 occupational services.

Dr Siddiqui suggests a refresher course in effective expression in English, besides Pakistani languages of the areas the applicatns are supposed to serve, so that their cognitive faculties were tested intermittently, if not annually. If only he knew that English is the backbone of the CSS examination, for English essay, précis and composition are compulsory subjects and very essential during service as well. In training and during the UT period, officers have to serve across Pakistan. I know a good number of Punjab-domiciled officers who while serving in Sindh learnt Sindhi. Similarly officers from Sindh and the NWFP, who served in Punjab, could speak Punjabi fluently. The facts need to be rechecked.

SHABIR AHMED SETHAR

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Home → CSS/PMS → A Guide to Becoming a Civil Servant in Pakistan

Written by Torchbearer CSS Academy • March 18, 2023 • 7:56 pm • CSS/PMS , Published Content

A Guide to Becoming a Civil Servant in Pakistan

Torchbearer CSS Academy – TBA Karachi ignites aspirations and transforms them into valuable knowledge and enthusiasm. They magnify talents and carve abilities to achieve dedicated success, by providing quality education for competitive exam aspirants who believe in themselves and their goals.

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• Torchbearer CSS Academy https://www.paradigmshift.com.pk/author/torchbearer-css-academy/ Combined Competitive Examination 2023 Announced by the Sindh Government

Introduction

Joining the civil services of Pakistan can be a highly rewarding career path, but it requires careful consideration and preparation for the CSS exam. Before embarking on this journey, it is essential to assess your commitment and energy for the job. Serving in civil services demands a consistent dedication to public service and a willingness to work towards the betterment of Pakistan.

Eligibility Criteria

Joining the civil services of Pakistan is a process that involves several steps, and the first and foremost step is to determine if you meet the eligibility criteria for the CSS exam. Typically, the eligibility criteria include age, educational qualifications, and nationality requirements.

Exam Preparation

To succeed in the CSS exam , you will need to study a wide range of subjects, including Pakistan’s history, current affairs, and administrative law. The course structure tested in these examinations includes a list of subjects that you will need to pass.

Upon successfully passing all courses, you will be given employment in one of the following civil service sectors: Commerce and Trade Group, Pakistan Customs Service, Pakistan Administrative Service, Foreign Service of Pakistan, Inland Revenue Service, Information Group, Military Lands and Cantonment Group, Office Management Group, Pakistan Audit and Accounts Service, Police Service of Pakistan, Postal Group , and Railways (Commercial and Transportation) Group.

MCQ-Based Preliminary Test

The Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) portion of the CSS exam in Pakistan is known as the MCQs-based written test or MPT of CSS. This 200-mark exam comprises two papers: General Knowledge and Ability and Current Affairs.

The syllabus for the General Knowledge and Ability paper includes subjects such as English, Urdu, Islamic studies, ethics (for non-Muslims), mathematics, general knowledge, and analytical reasoning, while the syllabus for the Current Affairs paper includes subjects such as Pakistan affairs, international affairs, and current events.

Consistent practice is a crucial tip to cracking the CSS exam . It is recommended to solve as many MCQs as possible from previous years’ question papers, mock tests, and online resources. Students should try to solve the Mathematics portion last as it can be time-consuming. When attempting the paper, it is essential to manage time effectively as time management is crucial for the MCQs portion of the CSS exam .

The CSS Written Exam

The CSS written examination is the second stage of the CSS exam in Pakistan and consists of six compulsory papers and six optional papers. Two papers are held in a single day. The written examination is a 1200-mark exam, with 600 marks allocated to compulsory papers and 600 marks to optional papers. These 12 papers are held on six consecutive days at a centre allocated by FPSC. Qualifying marks for the compulsory papers is 40% and for optional papers, it is 33%

Solving CSS Exam Papers

Each paper of the CSS written exam is three hours long, and there are six compulsory and six optional papers, held on six consecutive days at a respective centre allocated by the FPSC of Pakistan. The first two papers are English essays as well as précis and composition.

Students are required to choose one essay from eight to ten options and write a well-structured essay in three hours, with a clear outline, introduction, and arguments that justify their stance on the respective topic. This paper can be challenging due to incomplete preparation, difficulty in cracking the essay topic, and managing time. The second paper is English précis and composition, which requires proficiency in English grammar.

The other ten papers consist of an objective section (20 marks) and seven subjective questions. Students must answer four subjective questions. The CSS-written papers cover a wide range of topics, events, and subjects, with some papers being analytical and others being factual. To succeed in the exam, time management is vital when attempting the questions. Extra efforts, such as graphical representation and relevant maps, can help students pass the exam with flying colors.

Psychological Assessment Test (PAT)

Before the interview, candidates are required to take a Psychological Assessment Test (PAT). This test evaluates individuals through written tasks and group activities, providing insights into their psychological makeup and assessing their suitability for a particular role or situation. The written task requires candidates to express their thoughts on a given topic, question, picture, or scenario, and trained psychologists carefully analyze each response, examining the words and lines written by the candidate.

This process allows them to gain insight into the candidate’s thought process, personality traits, and emotional stability, among other factors. Overall, the PAT is an essential component of the selection process, providing valuable information to assess the candidate’s potential for success in the civil services of Pakistan .

Panel Interview

The final merit list is prepared based on the results of the written examination, the PAT, the interview, and the medical examination. The candidates who score the highest marks in these stages are offered employment in the civil services of Pakistan in various groups. It is important to note that becoming a part of the civil services of Pakistan is a highly prestigious and fulfilling career, but it requires dedication, hard work, and consistent effort.

Common Training Program (CTP)

The basic training at the Civil Services Academy (CSA) in Lahore focuses on developing the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for a career in civil services. It covers a wide range of subjects, including governance, economics, international relations, law, management, and public policy. The training program consists of classroom lectures, group discussions, case studies, field visits, and other experiential learning activities.

During the training, candidates are also exposed to various aspects of Pakistani society and culture to enable them to understand the diverse needs and aspirations of the people they will serve as civil servants. The training at CSA Lahore also emphasizes the development of leadership, communication, and interpersonal skills to enable candidates to effectively interact with colleagues, superiors, and citizens.

Special Training Program (STP)

The Special Training Program (STP) is a mandatory training program for candidates who have completed their Common Training Program. The National School of Public Policy (NSPP) conducts the STP to provide practical training in respective cadres in designated institutions. Over the course of six months, the STP covers a wide range of topics, including management, leadership, public policy, governance, and administration.

To excel in the STP, candidates should be proactive, enhance their networking skills, manage their time effectively, and participate in extracurricular activities. Some famous academies for the STP are the National Police Academy, Foreign Service Academy, Pakistan Railway Academy Walton, and the Information Group Academy, among others.

Overall, this examination requires patience, consistency, decisiveness, and an eagerness to achieve something bigger. Candidates who possess these abilities will easily crack all phases of the competitive examinations.

If you want to submit your articles, research papers, and book reviews, please check the  Submissions  page.

The views and opinions expressed in this article/paper are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect the editorial position of Paradigm Shift .

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اسلامیات کے پیپر میں +70 نمبرز حاصل کرنا چاہتے ہیں تو آپ کو کن باتوں کا خیال رکھنا چاہیے؟ CSS اگر آپ

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Civil servants should change old style of working

Chief Secretary Eaknarayan Aryal

It is imperative to gradually enhance technical manpower and make service delivery at all levels—federal, state, and local, more technology-friendly. Nagendra Sapkota of Gorkhapatra talked to Chief Secretary Eaknarayan Aryal regarding the government’s policies and plans for effective service delivery, keeping in mind the demands of service users and the significance of Civil Service Day. Excerpts:

The government is celebrating the 21st Civil Service Day on September 7. In this regard, how government planned to make the civil service more people-friendly?

This year, as in previous years, we are marking the Civil Service Day with great enthusiasm. We have been promoting the theme “Professional and Creative Administration: Development, Prosperity, and Governance” for the past three years. Our focus this year is to provide services that are convenient, accessible, and timely, with a renewed commitment from civil servants. The government aims to adapt to new technologies and approaches, fostering creativity in service delivery to support development,  prosperity and good governance.

We expect all employees to serve with integrity, morale, and dedication, aligned with the expectations of service seekers. We must develop a clean, competent and responsible civil administration. Employees at all levels must unite with a shared sense of purpose and determination to achieve common goals. As Chief Secretary, I am fully committed to supporting the Prime Minister and other government officials in addressing key governance challenges. Our collective goal is to ensure that government plans are implemented effectively, yielding the desired results for the public.

As Chief Secretary, what are your plans to make the overall civil administration more result-oriented?

Indeed, the service seekers have not always been satisfied with the services provided by the government, and there have been complaints. Civil servants act as a bridge between the service seekers and the government, and they must meet the expectations of the citizens. Employees must be managed according to their rank and be trained to provide technology-friendly services with honesty and dedication. The government has set clear policies, programmes, and budgets, and it is the responsibility of civil servants to  implement them efficiently.

We are committed to fostering a culture of accountability and productivity. This year, we will reward employees who excel in their duties and hold accountable those who fall short. The outdated notion that “the work will get done, even if it is delayed”  must be eradicated.

The Federal Civil Service Act has been delayed for a long time, weakening administrative federalism. When will this law be enacted?

The Federal Civil Service Bill has been registered in the House of Representatives and is currently under review at the State Affairs and Good Governance Committee. As soon as I assumed the role of Chief Secretary, I spoke with the Chair of the Committee, urging the swift enactment of this legislation. The absence of the Act has weakened administrative federalism, as employees were adjusted across federal, provincial, and local levels, often without their full cooperation  or enthusiasm.

The Act is essential for the moral development and motivation of civil servants working at the local and provincial levels. Some provincial governments have passed laws that contradict the federal laws, creating disparities in retirement age, social security, and pension schemes, which in turn affect service delivery. Once the Federal Civil Service Act is enacted, these issues will be resolved. I urge all political leaders and members of the House of Representatives to expedite the passage of this crucial bill.

There have been complaints about the inefficiency of civil service mechanisms in producing the desired results of government’s policies, planning, programmes and budget. How can the civil service mechanisms be made effective? 

All employees, from office assistants to the Chief Secretary, must be held accountable for their responsibilities, as outlined by the law. Each individual must complete their assigned tasks on time, adhering to principles of ethics and honesty. Over time, there has been a decline in accountability, which we must address. The problem arises when employees neglect their assigned duties in favour of other tasks.

To achieve results, those in positions of responsibility must lead effectively. Ministers and secretaries have been instructed to produce result-oriented outcomes, aligned with the government’s vision of a “Prosperous Nepal and a Happy Nepali.” Civil servants must work together, united in their commitment to achieving these national goals.

There are also complaints that the local level is not employee-friendly, particularly due to the reluctance of Chief Administrative Officers to serve at the local level. How can this issue be addressed?

The reluctance of employees to serve at the local level is not solely their fault. In some cases, local representatives have shown disrespectful behaviour toward employees, which has discouraged many from accepting local-level assignments. Additionally, some local representatives have attempted to appoint individuals of their choice to key administrative positions, which has undermined the effectiveness of local governance.

Local representatives should work with the employees sent by the government rather than attempting to appoint staff on their own. If an employee engages in misconduct, they can be disciplined according to the Civil Code. However, if appointments are made based on political considerations, it disrupts service delivery. In places where the Chief Administrative Officer has been in office for an extended period, we have seen positive results. Therefore, stability and cooperation between local representatives and employees are crucial for effective  service delivery.

Service seekers often express dissatisfaction with the complexity and inefficiency of government services. How can this be improved?

The delayed enactment of the Federal Civil Service Act has resulted in a shortage of manpower in key offices, such as transport, district administration, and passport departments. These offices are not equipped with sufficient technology or skilled personnel. It is essential to modernise our service delivery systems and ensure that  all offices are technology-friendly.

By increasing technical manpower and creating a positive work environment, employees can be encouraged to adopt a more service-oriented mindset. This will instil confidence in the public and improve the efficiency of government services.

Corruption has been a persistent issue, with many civil servants being suspended as soon as cases are filed against them. Has this impacted service delivery?

Indeed, employees in high-demand offices, such as transport, passport department, customs and district administration, have been disproportionately facing cases in the anti-corruption agencies. This has discouraged many from accepting positions in these offices, leading to significant staffing shortages and delays in service delivery. Around 2,000 employees have been suspended due to corruption investigations, which has further strained these offices. To address this, the government has been appointing technical-level employees on a contract basis to maintain service delivery.

Despite the country adopting the federal system, there are complaints that employees have not adapted to the changes in governance. What is the cause of this?

Adaptation to new systems depends on the individual’s mindset and willingness to change. The federal system has altered the way the state functions, and employees must adjust their behaviour and work processes accordingly. Those who cannot adapt to the new system should consider stepping aside, as their inability to change will hinder  service delivery.

Employees must ask themselves why they have been entrusted with their current roles and take responsibility for adapting to the demands of the time. The old ways of working no longer suffice. On this Civil Service Day, I urge all employees to embrace the changes and work diligently for the betterment of the nation.

• Sat, 7 September 2024

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England's new coach may only have two games to prove he's up to the job

Pesticide testing centre non-operational seven years after establishment in Malunga