Identify
Explore
Discover
Discuss
Summarise
Describe
Last, format your objectives into a numbered list. This is because when you write your thesis or dissertation, you will at times need to make reference to a specific research objective; structuring your research objectives in a numbered list will provide a clear way of doing this.
To bring all this together, let’s compare the first research objective in the previous example with the above guidance:
Research Objective:
1. Develop finite element models using explicit dynamics to mimic mallet blows during cup/shell insertion, initially using simplified experimentally validated foam models to represent the acetabulum.
Checking Against Recommended Approach:
Q: Is it specific? A: Yes, it is clear what the student intends to do (produce a finite element model), why they intend to do it (mimic cup/shell blows) and their parameters have been well-defined ( using simplified experimentally validated foam models to represent the acetabulum ).
Q: Is it measurable? A: Yes, it is clear that the research objective will be achieved once the finite element model is complete.
Q: Is it achievable? A: Yes, provided the student has access to a computer lab, modelling software and laboratory data.
Q: Is it relevant? A: Yes, mimicking impacts to a cup/shell is fundamental to the overall aim of understanding how they deform when impacted upon.
Q: Is it timebound? A: Yes, it is possible to create a limited-scope finite element model in a relatively short time, especially if you already have experience in modelling.
Q: Does it start with a verb? A: Yes, it starts with ‘develop’, which makes the intent of the objective immediately clear.
Q: Is it a numbered list? A: Yes, it is the first research objective in a list of eight.
1. making your research aim too broad.
Having a research aim too broad becomes very difficult to achieve. Normally, this occurs when a student develops their research aim before they have a good understanding of what they want to research. Remember that at the end of your project and during your viva defence , you will have to prove that you have achieved your research aims; if they are too broad, this will be an almost impossible task. In the early stages of your research project, your priority should be to narrow your study to a specific area. A good way to do this is to take the time to study existing literature, question their current approaches, findings and limitations, and consider whether there are any recurring gaps that could be investigated .
Note: Achieving a set of aims does not necessarily mean proving or disproving a theory or hypothesis, even if your research aim was to, but having done enough work to provide a useful and original insight into the principles that underlie your research aim.
Be realistic about what you can achieve in the time you have available. It is natural to want to set ambitious research objectives that require sophisticated data collection and analysis, but only completing this with six months before the end of your PhD registration period is not a worthwhile trade-off.
Each research objective should have its own purpose and distinct measurable outcome. To this effect, a common mistake is to form research objectives which have large amounts of overlap. This makes it difficult to determine when an objective is truly complete, and also presents challenges in estimating the duration of objectives when creating your project timeline. It also makes it difficult to structure your thesis into unique chapters, making it more challenging for you to write and for your audience to read.
Fortunately, this oversight can be easily avoided by using SMART objectives.
Hopefully, you now have a good idea of how to create an effective set of aims and objectives for your research project, whether it be a thesis, dissertation or research paper. While it may be tempting to dive directly into your research, spending time on getting your aims and objectives right will give your research clear direction. This won’t only reduce the likelihood of problems arising later down the line, but will also lead to a more thorough and coherent research project.
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Astrid Tran • 22 April, 2024 • 7 min read
Objectives are needed for every aspect of life, work and education.
Whether you are setting objectives for academic research, teaching and learning, courses and training, personal development, professional growth, a project, or more, having clear objectives like having a compass to help you stay on track.
So, how to write objectives? Check out this article to get a complete guide on writing realistic and impactful objectives.
Table of Contents
How to write objectives for a presentation, how to write objectives for lesson plan, how to write objectives for a research, how to write objectives for personal growth.
More tips on how to write objectives
Project objectives often focus on tangible results, such as completing specific tasks, delivering products, or achieving certain milestones within a defined timeframe.
Writing project objectives should follow these principles:
Start early : It is important to set your project objectives at the beginning of your project to avoid unexpected situations and employees misunderstanding.
Changes : Project objectives can be determined to address challenges of previous projects experience and seek to minimize potential risks prior to the project begins.
Achievement : An objective of a project should mention what success is. Different success is measured by specific and measurable objectives.
OKR : OKR stands for "objectives and key results," a managerial model that aims to set goals and identify metrics to measure progress. Objectives are your destination, while key results contribute to the path that will get you there.
Focus : Different project objectives might consist of related issues such as:
For example :
Presentation objectives outline what you intend to accomplish with your presentation, which might involve informing, persuading, educating, or inspiring your audience. They guide the content creation process and shape how you engage your listeners during the presentation.
When it comes to writing presentation objectives, there are some notes to look at:
The questions "Why" : To write a good presentation objective, start with answering why questions, such as Why is this presentation important to your audience? Why should people invest time and money to attend this presentation? Why is your content important to the organization?
What do you want the audience to know, feel and do ? Another important of writing objectives for a presentation is considering the comprehensive impact your presentation has on the audience. This pertains to the informational, emotional, and actionable aspect.
Rule of three : When you write your objectives in your PPT, don't forget to express no more than three key points per slide.
Some examples of objectives:
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Learning objectives, often used in education and training, specify what learners are expected to gain from a learning experience. These objectives are written to guide curriculum development, instructional design, and assessment.
A guide on writing an objective for learning and lesson plan described as follows:
Learning objectives verbs : There is no better way to have learning objectives start with measurable verbs collected by Benjamin Bloom based on level of cognition.
Student-centered : Objectives should reflect the unique aspirations, strengths and weaknesses of each student, emphasize what students will know or be able to do, not what you will teach or cover.
Learning Objective Examples:
The purpose of research objectives is congruent with research study outcomes.They articulate the purpose of the research, what the researcher intends to investigate, and the expected outcomes.
There are severals principles to follow to ensure a well-written research objectives:
Academic language : It is important to note that research writing is strict on the use of language. It is held to a high standard of clarity, precision, and formality.
Avoid using first-person references to state the objectives. Replace "I will" with neutral phrasing that emphasizes the research's intention. Avoid emotional language, personal opinions, or subjective judgments.
Pinpoint the Focus : Your research objectives should clearly articulate what your study aims to investigate, analyze, or uncover.
Specify the Scope : Outline the boundaries of your research by specifying the scope. Clearly delineate what aspects or variables will be examined, and what will not be addressed.
Maintain Consistency with Research Questions : Ensure your research objectives align with your research questions.
Frequently used phrases in research objectives
Objectives for personal growth often focus on individual improvement on skills, knowledge, well-being, and overall development.
Personal growth objectives encompass various aspects of life, including emotional, intellectual, physical, and interpersonal dimensions. They serve as roadmaps for continuous learning, growth, and self-awareness.
Tips to write objectives for personal growth from AhaSlides.
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How to write objectives in general? Here are common tips for setting objectives of any field.
#1. Be concise and straightforward
Keep the words as simple and straightforward as much as possible. It is much better to remove unnecessary or ambiguous words that might lead to misunderstanding.
#2. Keep your number of objectives limited
Don't confuse your learners or readers with too many objectives. Concentrating on a few key objectives can effectively maintain focus and clarity and prevent overwhelming.
#3. Use action verbs
You can start each objective with one of the following measurable verbs: Describe, Explain, Identify, Discuss, Compare, Define, Differentiate, List, and more.
#4. Be SMART
SMART objectives framework can be defined with specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. These objectives are clearer and easier to understand and achieve.
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What are the 3 parts of an objective?
According to Mager (1997), objective statements contain three parts: behavior (or, performance), conditions, and criteria.
What are the 4 elements of a well-written objective?
The four elements of an objective are Audience, Behavior, Condition, and Degree, called A-B-C-D method. They are used to identify what a student is expected to know and how to test them.
What are the 4 components of objective writing?
There are four components of an objective include: (1) the action verb, (2) conditions, (3) standard, and (4) the intended audience (always the students)
Ref: Indeed | Batchwood |
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Objectivity in essay writing is important in order for the writer to clearly state both sides of an argument without displaying a bias toward one side or the other. When students are given essay titles to complete, not all titles call for objectivity, but the main question will always point to a pro-and-con situation. Personal opinions in essays are not usually accepted unless they are written with objectivity and backed up by references and proof.
Begin your essay with an introductory paragraph that presents the purpose of the essay. If there is a hypothesis involved, state how you intend to prove or disprove the hypothesis and broadly explain how you intend to do so. Details at this point are not necessary, as they will be covered in the main body of your essay.
State one side of the argument and report the evidence and findings that support the statement you are making. Leave out how you personally feel about the issue but do bring in supporting evidence that you find compelling. Remain objective when you compose an essay by keeping your arguments balanced in support or for rebuttal of the hypothesis.
Read back over the essay as you write and remain focused on your objectivity. To be objective is the opposite of being subjective. Being objective is being able to remove yourself from the personal emotions and thoughts you may have about the subject, while being able to examine fairly and critique both sides of the argument you are discussing.
State the opposing argument in your next paragraph or chapter. Use words and phrases that express the change of direction within the essay, such as “however,” “although” and “on the other hand.” Include comments that contrast the preceding paragraphs. For example, you may be writing about Freud, and your contrasting statement would include something like “While Freud argued that ... Jung disagreed with this by stating ...” Your goal in the rebuttal argument is to compel readers to see both sides and draw their own conclusions.
Conclude your essay by summing up the arguments both for and against the position. Again, remaining objective means reiterating your argument in a simplified form to remind readers what they have heard and, hopefully, learned from your statements. Your aim is to gear the readers up for a short evaluation of the topic of discussion. State the facts you have laid out and remind the readers of your own objectivity by using an equal number of references and arguments from both sides. If your essay requires you to conclude with an opinion, then you should compose and add one. If the essay simply requests an argumentative approach, then lay out the two sides and state the conclusion as the recap of the elements of the essay.
Jackie Michael has been a freelance writer since 2007. Her work has appeared on various websites, including Autos.com and CarsDirect. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in psychology and sociology from East London University.
Jennifer Finetti Mar 1, 2023
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For your college scholarship essay, you may be asked about your career goals. The scholarship committee wants to see how investing in your education will help your career. Do you have a definitive plan? Will a college education fit into that plan? These are the answers they want to see.
In this guide, we will provide some scholarship essay examples about career goals to jumpstart your essay writing.
Here are some quick tips for writing career goal scholarship essays:
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In a 100-word scholarship essay, you need to quickly make your point. There is not enough room for a lengthy intro or backstory. Use concise, comprehensive statements to deliver the most information in the fewest words.
I’m a sophomore at Texas Tech University, pursuing a bachelor’s degree in Companion Animal Science. After graduation, I hope to attend Texas A&M to become a veterinarian serving rescue organizations and animal shelters. I was born and raised in the south, where it is common for people to abandon animals in rural areas. Those animals then go into a rescue – emaciated, frightened, and confused. I want to work with rescues to provide affordable veterinary medicine to the animals they save. This scholarship would help me continue my education and potentially save thousands of abandoned animals in the future.
Word count: 99
With a 250-word scholarship essay, you have a little more room to discuss the details of your career goals. You can explain situations from your past that inspired your career pursuits. You could use one paragraph to talk about your short-term goals and another to talk about your long-term goals. Just make sure the big picture ties into the scholarship.
My name is Patrick Holden and I am a freshman at the University of Michigan, majoring in English and minoring in linguistics. I plan to become an English teacher, but this wasn’t always what I had in mind. When thinking about my future, I always saw myself in some sort of corporate office, perhaps as an executive assistant or a loan officer at a bank. My father works in the finance office for a car dealership and my mother works at a call center. I assumed I would follow a similar, albeit boring, path in life. In my junior year of high school, everything changed. My English teacher inspired me in ways I could have never imagined. She got me to love writing, literature, etymology, and everything about the English language. She made me want to be a better student in all of my classes, and she helped me see the value of education. I decided then that I wanted to inspire other students just as she did for me. My parents are unfortunately not able to contribute much toward my college expenses. I have earned a tuition scholarship based on my ACT score, but I still need additional funding for books and supplies. English majors have particularly high book costs because we have to purchase multiple books for each class. With the help of this scholarship, I could afford to continue my degree and become an English teacher.
Word count: 240
With 500 words or more to play around with, you have plenty of space to talk about your career goals. Maintain the same theme throughout the scholarship essay. Each paragraph should connect to the next, and they should all work together to describe your career plan. Avoid making disconnected statements for the sake of word count. In the end, the scholarship committee should have a clear view of your educational plans and professional aspirations.
Internet marketing has gone from an optional method of advertisement to a vital step in business outreach. Even small businesses in remote towns look to the internet to attract customers and spread the word about their services. I am currently pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Business Marketing with an emphasis on Digital Marketing. With this training, I will be able to enter a profession that will only grow year by year. When I was younger, I found print advertisements to be fascinating. I loved reading the newspaper with my father just to see the full-page ads in between stories. When I got older though, those ads became less appealing because they were not adaptive. They seemed dated, static and ill-fit for changes in society. That’s when I discovered internet marketing. It was still in its infancy when I was in middle school, but by the time I graduated high school, it had become a staple in business development. I loved the way internet marketers had to constantly adjust to fit Google’s algorithms, new mobile devices, and new audiences. I knew this was the career for me. Originally, I planned to focus solely on business marketing because there were not many digital marketing degrees available. Over the last two years though, several schools throughout the country have developed internet marketing courses that explain fundamental methods of search engine optimization, website analytics, and more. These are the foundations I will build my career around. The best part about internet marketing is that there is always something new to learn. I can use my creative mind and exploratory nature to try new advertising methods that help businesses succeed. Every time they do well, I do well. This is the kind of job fulfillment most people can only dream of, but my educational plan and job prospects will allow me to achieve it. I have picked up some freelance jobs online to supplement my studies and help pay for my education. It is difficult to maintain a steady stream of income in freelance because I spend so much time on my school work. This scholarship could offset some of the costs and reduce my workload as a whole. While I will still work throughout the semester and full-time in the summers, having extra financial aid would greatly reduce my stress in college. I look forward to a future where I can use my marketing skills to help business owners achieve their career goals. I plan to spend the first few years after graduation working for a successful, long-standing digital marketing company. After I have enough on-the-job training to feel confident in my abilities, I will open my own internet marketing company in Chicago, where my family lives. I have a clear picture of where I will be in the next 10 years, and I know this degree is going to help me get there.
Word count: 481
As a parent who recently helped her own kids embark on their college journeys, Jennifer approaches the transition from high school to college from a unique perspective. She truly enjoys engaging with students – helping them to build the confidence, knowledge, and insight needed to pursue their educational and career goals, while also empowering them with the strategies and skills needed to access scholarships and financial aid that can help limit college costs. She understands the importance of ensuring access to the edtech tools and resources that can make this process easier and more equitable - this drive to support underserved populations is what drew her to ScholarshipOwl. Jennifer has coached students from around the world, as well as in-person with local students in her own community. Her areas of focus include career exploration, major selection, college search and selection, college application assistance, financial aid and scholarship consultation, essay review and feedback, and more. She works with students who are at the top of their class, as well as those who are struggling. She firmly believes that all students, regardless of their circumstances, can succeed if they stay focused and work hard in school. Jennifer earned her MA in Counseling Psychology from National University, and her BA in Psychology from University of California, Santa Cruz.
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Published by Grace Graffin at January 27th, 2023 , Revised On October 9, 2023
Aims and objectives are among the essential aspects of a dissertation. If you write aims and objectives effectively, they can act as a foundation to give your research clarity and focus.
This article will provide you with all the necessary information regarding aims and objectives, their differences, writing tips , and the common mistakes you should avoid while writing them.
The aim is often a single sentence or a short paragraph that describes your dissertation’s main goal and intent. It tells what you hope to achieve at the end. You should write the aim so that it becomes identifiable when it is achieved with the completion of your dissertation .
The aim is written in a subsection of the introduction to clarify the overall purpose of the dissertation .
Example: It is often observed that employees in culturally diverse workplaces struggle to work effectively in a team. A probable cause of this issue is bullying at the workplace. This research investigates the impact of bullying on employee job satisfaction at culturally diverse workplaces and the resulting loss of employee productivity. This research will use surveys and case study analysis to analyze the impact of bullying on employees.
The objectives in a dissertation describe the ways through which you intend to achieve the research aim. They are specific statements that break down the aim into several smaller key sections of the overall research. Suitable objectives can help you stay focused and conduct research in the direction of your aim.
The number of objectives should be realistic; usually, between three to six, and each one should be possible to achieve. The following example shows the objectives for the previously-mentioned dissertation aim.
1. identification of the behaviors that are considered as bullying 2. exploring the factors that cause bullying at a culturally diverse workplace 3. analyzing the relationship between bullying and job satisfaction of employees 4. providing suitable recommendations on minimizing the bullying at the workplace
The objectives of a dissertation should be SMART.
Aims and objectives are often mixed, but there are clear differences between them.
Aims | Objectives |
---|---|
describes “what” you intend to achieve through your research | focus on “how” you will achieve the aim |
usually written in broad terms covering the entire dissertation | are specific statements describing steps through which the research aim will be achieved |
is written as a single sentence or a small paragraph | should be written as a numbered list. |
focuses on long-term outcomes | focus on short-term and immediate outcomes. |
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There is no particular way or standard to write the aims and objectives. Different researchers have different writing styles, and often it can be influenced by your research supervisor. However, you should follow certain basic principles while writing aims and objectives in a dissertation.
The aim statement should cover the following essential elements.
An appropriate aim clearly defines the research purpose without confusing the reader. If you struggle to explain your research and its importance in simpler terms, you should consider refining your research to clarify it further.
The objectives describe how you would achieve your research aim. You can do this through the following steps,
Instead of writing like a paragraph, the objectives should be written as a numbered list to give them more clarity.
It depends upon the topic of your research and mainly upon your supervisor’s requirements. Generally, a dissertation has a single broad statement as the research aim. However, it is acceptable to include a main aim along with two to three subsidiary aims.
Similarly, the number of objectives should be realistic and sufficient to measure the progress regarding the achievement of the research aim. Their number can generally vary from three to six depending upon the aim.
Writing a broad research aim is a common mistake, and it often becomes difficult to achieve. It may create a problem when you are asked to prove how you have achieved your aims during your viva defense . It would be best to narrow your study to a specific area in the early stages of the dissertation.
The objectives should be written such that they are measurable and distinct from each other. If they overlap, it makes it difficult to structure your dissertation properly in specific chapters.
Students often get over-ambitious while describing the research aim and face problems afterward in achieving those aims. You should avoid this mistake and be realistic about what you can achieve in the available time and resources.
Aims and objectives are the sections that require significant time and attention to avoid future hassles while conducting research and writing your dissertation.
How to set dissertation aims and objectives.
To set dissertation aims and objectives, define your research goals clearly. Aims state what you want to achieve, while objectives outline specific, measurable steps to reach those goals. Ensure they align with your research question and contribute to your study’s significance.
If you’ve got kids, writing a dissertation is even harder, because kids do tend to take up a fair amount of time. That said, it’s not impossible.
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Published on July 24, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.
An argumentative essay expresses an extended argument for a particular thesis statement . The author takes a clearly defined stance on their subject and builds up an evidence-based case for it.
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When do you write an argumentative essay, approaches to argumentative essays, introducing your argument, the body: developing your argument, concluding your argument, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about argumentative essays.
You might be assigned an argumentative essay as a writing exercise in high school or in a composition class. The prompt will often ask you to argue for one of two positions, and may include terms like “argue” or “argument.” It will frequently take the form of a question.
The prompt may also be more open-ended in terms of the possible arguments you could make.
At university, the vast majority of essays or papers you write will involve some form of argumentation. For example, both rhetorical analysis and literary analysis essays involve making arguments about texts.
In this context, you won’t necessarily be told to write an argumentative essay—but making an evidence-based argument is an essential goal of most academic writing, and this should be your default approach unless you’re told otherwise.
At a university level, all the prompts below imply an argumentative essay as the appropriate response.
Your research should lead you to develop a specific position on the topic. The essay then argues for that position and aims to convince the reader by presenting your evidence, evaluation and analysis.
An argumentative essay should be objective in its approach; your arguments should rely on logic and evidence, not on exaggeration or appeals to emotion.
There are many possible approaches to argumentative essays, but there are two common models that can help you start outlining your arguments: The Toulmin model and the Rogerian model.
The Toulmin model consists of four steps, which may be repeated as many times as necessary for the argument:
The Toulmin model is a common approach in academic essays. You don’t have to use these specific terms (grounds, warrants, rebuttals), but establishing a clear connection between your claims and the evidence supporting them is crucial in an argumentative essay.
Say you’re making an argument about the effectiveness of workplace anti-discrimination measures. You might:
The Rogerian model also consists of four steps you might repeat throughout your essay:
This model builds up a clear picture of both sides of an argument and seeks a compromise. It is particularly useful when people tend to disagree strongly on the issue discussed, allowing you to approach opposing arguments in good faith.
Say you want to argue that the internet has had a positive impact on education. You might:
You don’t necessarily have to pick one of these models—you may even use elements of both in different parts of your essay—but it’s worth considering them if you struggle to structure your arguments.
Regardless of which approach you take, your essay should always be structured using an introduction , a body , and a conclusion .
Like other academic essays, an argumentative essay begins with an introduction . The introduction serves to capture the reader’s interest, provide background information, present your thesis statement , and (in longer essays) to summarize the structure of the body.
Hover over different parts of the example below to see how a typical introduction works.
The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts is on the rise, and its role in learning is hotly debated. For many teachers who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its critical benefits for students and educators—as a uniquely comprehensive and accessible information source; a means of exposure to and engagement with different perspectives; and a highly flexible learning environment.
The body of an argumentative essay is where you develop your arguments in detail. Here you’ll present evidence, analysis, and reasoning to convince the reader that your thesis statement is true.
In the standard five-paragraph format for short essays, the body takes up three of your five paragraphs. In longer essays, it will be more paragraphs, and might be divided into sections with headings.
Each paragraph covers its own topic, introduced with a topic sentence . Each of these topics must contribute to your overall argument; don’t include irrelevant information.
This example paragraph takes a Rogerian approach: It first acknowledges the merits of the opposing position and then highlights problems with that position.
Hover over different parts of the example to see how a body paragraph is constructed.
A common frustration for teachers is students’ use of Wikipedia as a source in their writing. Its prevalence among students is not exaggerated; a survey found that the vast majority of the students surveyed used Wikipedia (Head & Eisenberg, 2010). An article in The Guardian stresses a common objection to its use: “a reliance on Wikipedia can discourage students from engaging with genuine academic writing” (Coomer, 2013). Teachers are clearly not mistaken in viewing Wikipedia usage as ubiquitous among their students; but the claim that it discourages engagement with academic sources requires further investigation. This point is treated as self-evident by many teachers, but Wikipedia itself explicitly encourages students to look into other sources. Its articles often provide references to academic publications and include warning notes where citations are missing; the site’s own guidelines for research make clear that it should be used as a starting point, emphasizing that users should always “read the references and check whether they really do support what the article says” (“Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia,” 2020). Indeed, for many students, Wikipedia is their first encounter with the concepts of citation and referencing. The use of Wikipedia therefore has a positive side that merits deeper consideration than it often receives.
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An argumentative essay ends with a conclusion that summarizes and reflects on the arguments made in the body.
No new arguments or evidence appear here, but in longer essays you may discuss the strengths and weaknesses of your argument and suggest topics for future research. In all conclusions, you should stress the relevance and importance of your argument.
Hover over the following example to see the typical elements of a conclusion.
The internet has had a major positive impact on the world of education; occasional pitfalls aside, its value is evident in numerous applications. The future of teaching lies in the possibilities the internet opens up for communication, research, and interactivity. As the popularity of distance learning shows, students value the flexibility and accessibility offered by digital education, and educators should fully embrace these advantages. The internet’s dangers, real and imaginary, have been documented exhaustively by skeptics, but the internet is here to stay; it is time to focus seriously on its potential for good.
If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!
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An argumentative essay tends to be a longer essay involving independent research, and aims to make an original argument about a topic. Its thesis statement makes a contentious claim that must be supported in an objective, evidence-based way.
An expository essay also aims to be objective, but it doesn’t have to make an original argument. Rather, it aims to explain something (e.g., a process or idea) in a clear, concise way. Expository essays are often shorter assignments and rely less on research.
At college level, you must properly cite your sources in all essays , research papers , and other academic texts (except exams and in-class exercises).
Add a citation whenever you quote , paraphrase , or summarize information or ideas from a source. You should also give full source details in a bibliography or reference list at the end of your text.
The exact format of your citations depends on which citation style you are instructed to use. The most common styles are APA , MLA , and Chicago .
The majority of the essays written at university are some sort of argumentative essay . Unless otherwise specified, you can assume that the goal of any essay you’re asked to write is argumentative: To convince the reader of your position using evidence and reasoning.
In composition classes you might be given assignments that specifically test your ability to write an argumentative essay. Look out for prompts including instructions like “argue,” “assess,” or “discuss” to see if this is the goal.
If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.
Caulfield, J. (2023, July 23). How to Write an Argumentative Essay | Examples & Tips. Scribbr. Retrieved August 7, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/argumentative-essay/
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A primary purpose of higher learning is to communicate ideas effectively through objective thinking and writing. Basically, teachers expect students to present accurate findings, concerning a specific matter and use verifiable evidence. Moreover, a particular objective method is unique because it allows one to gather, calculate, or evaluate information. In turn, objective writing enables people to present irrefutable facts, apply critical thinking styles, maintain a neutral tone, and use formal and explicit language.
According to its definition, objective writing is a specific style and form of communication that presents information and ideas without bias, emotions, or personal opinions. Unlike subjective writing, which includes personal opinions and emotions, objective one relies on evidence, statistics, and verifiable data to convey its message. For example, the main purpose of objective writing is to provide readers with factual, clear, and unbiased information, allowing them to form their own conclusions (Lindsey & Garcia, 2024). Moreover, this approach is especially important in various contexts, like academic papers, news reporting, and technical documentation, where a particular integrity of the information is crucial. By eliminating personal bias and focusing solely on clear facts, such compositions allows a reader to make informed and well-articulated decisions based on the information provided (Barnett & Gionfriddo, 2016). In terms of pages and words, the length of objective writing depends on academic levels, specific requirements, and study disciplines, while general guidelines are:
High School
Master’s
Type | Context | Example |
---|---|---|
Essay (Any Type) | To explore a specific topic or argument in a structured format, often with an objective perspective. | High school, college, and university assignments. |
Research Paper | To present findings from a systematic investigation or study. | Academic settings (high school, college, university, and graduate studies). |
Report | To provide a detailed account of a specific topic, event, or experiment. | Academic assignments, business, technical fields, and scientific studies. |
Technical Writing | To explain complex information clearly and concisely. | Manuals, guides, instructions, engineering, and information technology (IT) fields. |
News Article | To inform a public about current events or issues without bias. | Journalism and media outlets. |
Literature Review | To summarize, analyze, and examine existing research on a particular topic. | Academic research, thesis, and dissertation writing. |
Scientific Paper | To communicate new research findings and contribute to scientific knowledge. | Academic journals, conferences, and research institutions. |
Case Study | To analyze a specific instance, event, or organization in detail. | Business, social sciences, healthcare, and education. |
Lab Report | To document and analyze the results of a laboratory experiment. | Science courses and research labs. |
White Paper | To inform or persuade decision-makers on a specific issue or solution. | Business, government, and technology sectors. |
Policy Analysis | To objectively evaluate and compare public policies or proposals. | Government, public administration, and think tanks. |
Thesis/Dissertation | To present original research and contribute to an academic field. | Master’s and Ph.D. programs. |
Annotated Bibliography | To provide summaries and evaluations of sources on a specific topic. | Research preparation and academic studies. |
Systematic Review | To compile and assess all relevant studies on a particular research question. | Healthcare, social sciences, and academic research. |
Business Report | To analyze business operations, strategies, or market conditions. | Business courses and corporate settings. |
Section | Content |
---|---|
Title (separate page) | A concise and clear title that reflects a specific content of a whole essay or research paper. |
Abstract/Executive Summary (optional/separate page) | A brief summary of an entire content, highlighting key points or findings. |
Introduction (1 paragraph) | An introduction to a chosen topic, outlining a specific purpose and scope of objective writing. |
Thesis Statement (1 sentence) | A clear statement of a main argument or focus of an entire composition. |
Body (1 or more paragraphs) | A main content divided into sections or paragraphs with subheadings. |
Conclusion (1 paragraph) | A summary of key points, findings, or arguments presented. |
List of References (separate page) | A list of all the sources cited or referenced in an entire paper on accordance with APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, or Harvard citation rules. |
Note: Some sections of objective writing can be added, deleted, or combined with each other, and such a composition depends on what an author intends to share with readers. For example, a key feature of objective writing is a particular use of unbiased and factual language that presents information based on evidence rather than personal opinions or emotions (Lindsey & Garcia, 2024). Besides, an objective writing method is a technique that involves presenting information and arguments in a neutral, unbiased, and fact-based manner without allowing personal opinions or emotions to influence an entire content. Further on, subjective writing expresses personal opinions, emotions, and perspectives, while objective one presents information and facts in an unbiased and neutral manner without personal influence. In turn, an example of objective writing is a research paper that presents data and findings from a study without bias or personal interpretation, allowing readers to draw their own conclusions (Snyder, 2019). Finally, to start objective writing, people begin with a clear and factual statement that introduces a specific topic without personal opinions or emotional language.
To write objectively, people clearly state a specific goal or purpose in a concise and measurable way, focusing on a desired outcome without personal bias or emotional language.
Presenting Facts
In simple words, objective writing is a factual process that enhances knowledge. For example, students gather facts that support a selected topic and support arguments with evidence from credible sources (Moran, 2019). Besides, they need to address both sides of an opinion. Then, being objective makes essays or research papers appear professional and reliable. In turn, people avoid making judgments and remain fair in their final works (Kraus et al., 2022). As a result, this strategy allows individuals to present accurate information that addresses existing knowledge gaps. In turn, some examples of sentence starters for beginning any writing objectively are:
Using Critical Thinking Skills
Objective writing is unique because it enhances critical thinking. For example, students evaluate, calculate, and verify an obtained set of information (Flicker & Nixon, 2016). In this case, they must gather relevant details and determine their significance to a chosen subject. Besides, people must ensure an intended audience attains a deeper understanding of a presented topic. Therefore, authors need to appraise information to achieve desired goals.
Maintaining a Neutral Tone
Objective writing is essential because it allows students to use a neutral tone. For example, an objective tone is a neutral and impartial manner of writing that focuses on presenting facts and information without emotional influence or personal bias (Lindsey & Garcia, 2024). In this case, one should not use opinionated, biased, or exclusive language. Further on, authors must submit unbiased information to a target audience and allow readers to determine their opinions. However, imbalanced information does not persuade a target audience to accept a narrow way of thinking (Moran, 2019). In turn, such an approach helps writers to present relevant facts about a specific subject. Thus, scholars need to learn how to maintain an objective and neutral tone since this method allows them to be less judgmental.
Following a Formal Style
Objective writing is an essential skill because it helps students to follow a formal style. Basically, academic papers must use official and formal language, and students must avoid personal pronouns (Lindsey & Garcia, 2024). As such, an extensive use of a third person enhances an overall clarity of an assignment. Then, following a formal style helps scholars to avoid intensifiers that exaggerate their arguments. For example, people should avoid words, like “very” and “really,” since they make information vague (Barnett & Gionfriddo, 2016). Besides, scholarly papers require a proper use of punctuation marks. In turn, successful learners proofread their works to ensure they use commas and full stops effectively. Moreover, this approach prevents all forms of miscommunication. As a result, people need to follow standard rules of objective writing because it trains them to maintain a formal tone in their papers.
Expressing Ideas
Objective writing allows students to express ideas explicitly. In this case, they need to develop precise sentences to express their thoughts. For example, to write in objective language, people use neutral and factual words that avoid personal opinions, emotions, or biases, focusing solely on evidence-based information (Lindsey & Garcia, 2024). Besides, this approach helps essays to stand out, while students can make their work comprehensible. Hence, people need to learn key features of objective thinking because it allows them to communicate clearly.
Example | Description | Purpose |
---|---|---|
Facts | Verified information that can be proven to be true. | To provide a solid foundation of truth for objective writing. |
Statistics | Numerical data that quantifies information. | To support arguments with measurable evidence. |
Research Findings | Results from studies, experiments, or investigations. | To present evidence derived from systematic inquiry. |
Expert Opinions | Insights or interpretations from individuals with specialized knowledge. | To enhance credibility by referencing authoritative sources. |
Historical Events | Documented occurrences from the past. | To provide context and support claims with real-world examples. |
Case Studies | In-depth analysis of specific instances or examples. | To illustrate points with detailed, real-world examples. |
Definitions | Clear explanations of key terms or concepts. | To ensure readers understand essential terminology. |
Comparisons | Objective evaluation of similarities and differences between items. | To help clarify ideas by showing relationships between different elements. |
Quotations From Sources | Direct excerpts from credible texts or authorities. | To provide evidence and authority to the discussion. |
Data From Surveys or Polls | Information gathered from surveys or polls, reflecting public opinion or trends. | To add quantitative backing to arguments with up-to-date information. |
Objective writing requires people to cover irrefutable facts. Basically, such a process is unique because it enables students to develop critical thinking skills when completing assignments. Furthermore, they should learn key features of objective writing because they gain a particular ability to follow a neutral tone. In turn, students can learn how to write objectively by using a formal and neutral style and improve an overall quality of their academic essays or research papers.
Barnett, D. L., & Gionfriddo, J. K. (2016). Legal reasoning and objective writing: A comprehensive approach . Wolters Kluwer.
Flicker, S., & Nixon, S. A. (2016). Writing peer-reviewed articles with diverse teams: Considerations for novice scholars conducting community-engaged research. Health Promotion International , 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daw059
Kraus, S., Breier, M., Lim, W. M., Dabić, M., Kumar, S., Kanbach, D., Mukherjee, D., Corvello, V., Piñeiro-Chousa, J., Liguori, E., Palacios-Marqués, D., Schiavone, F., Ferraris, A., Fernandes, C., & Ferreira, J. J. (2022). Literature reviews as independent studies: Guidelines for academic practice. Review of Managerial Science , 16 (8), 2577–2595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-022-00588-8
Lindsey, M., & Garcia, H. (2024). Engaging writing activities: Objective-driven timed exercises for classroom and independent practice . Rowman & Littlefield.
Moran, J. (2019). First you write a sentence: The elements of reading, writing … and life . Penguin Books.
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research , 104 , 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Home » Blog » Learning Objectives: How to Write, Types and Examples
For students, learning objectives provide an overview of the key points and main building blocks covered in a topic.
Skillshub’s experience in the academic and corporate world shows that having established learning objectives can help to improve engagement, motivation, and results.
As a thought leader in the field of educational objectives, we believe there are several types and structures of learning objectives you should consider when planning a course or lesson.
In this article, we’ll look at how to write learning objectives effectively, different types of learning objectives, and provide some example objectives to help you get started.
Before we cover the details of writing learning objectives, it’s important to understand what they are and why having them is essential.
Learning objectives provide an overview of the topics covered in a course or lesson and allow everyone involved—teachers, students, and even administrators—to have a shared understanding of the goals for any given session.
In simple terms, learning objectives:
Essentially, learning objectives provide a framework that benefits everyone involved in the learning process.
What’s the difference between a learning objective and a learning outcome.
Learning outcomes and learning objectives are superficially similar, as in both cases, the two terms are used to describe what students should be able to do after completing a course or lesson.
However, there is an essential distinction between the two.
A learning objective refers specifically to the topics that will be covered during a lesson/course. Learning outcomes, on the other hand, look beyond mere knowledge and provide evaluations on how well students can apply what they’ve learned.
For instance, a learning objective may be to “understand the components of the water cycle”. A learning outcome related to this might be to “identify ways in which humans are impacting the global water cycle.”
The learning objective here defines how the lesson or course should be structured, while the learning outcome provides an evaluation of how well students understand and can apply what they have learned.
Now that you’ve got a clearer understanding of what learning objectives are and how they differ from learning outcomes, let’s take a look at the benefits of having well-crafted learning objectives in place.
There is a wide range of material benefits associated with creating and leveraging learning objectives, including:
A clearly stated learning objective provides the basis for lesson and course planning. Well-written objectives help teachers identify not only the topics that need to be covered, but also the resources (e.g., books or videos) needed to cover them effectively.
Having established learning objectives in place helps teachers create assessments which accurately evaluate student understanding of any given topic.
Teachers can use learning objectives to create quizzes, tests, and other assessments to accurately evaluate student knowledge.
Clear learning objectives are helpful for students in a number of ways.
For instance, having an overview of the topics covered in a lesson or course can help students track their progress more effectively and identify areas which may need review.
Furthermore, having objectives in place can help reduce the cognitive load associated with learning new topics, allowing students to focus more on their understanding of a subject rather than worrying about what needs to be done next.
Having established learning objectives in place can help keep students and employees engaged during lessons and lectures.
When students have a clear understanding of the topics covered, it becomes easier for them to follow along with the lesson plan and stay focused on the topic at hand.
Furthermore, providing objectives can motivate students by setting out specific goals they should be working towards.
A shared understanding of learning objectives helps to ensure effective communication between all stakeholders in the educational process.
Teachers can use objectives to effectively communicate expectations with students, while administrators can use them to monitor student progress.
Having established learning objectives also makes it easier for teachers and administrators to identify potential issues or areas in which students may need additional support.
Finally, having learning objectives in place helps to ensure that all stakeholders are focusing on the topics covered in a lesson or course.
Objectives set out specific goals which everyone should be working towards and help to keep discussions focused.
By providing an overview of the topics covered, learning objectives can also help teachers identify areas which need further exploration or review.
Overall, having clear learning objectives can help to improve results by providing everyone involved with a shared understanding of the goals of any given lesson or course.
While the basic idea of learning objectives is simple, the act of creating effective learning objectives requires a bit more thought and consideration.
Let’s take a look at some tips to help you craft practical learning objectives:
The ABCD model provides a foundation for creating effective learning objectives.
The ABCD stands for:
The Audience portion of the ABCD model refers to whom the objective is intended for. The intended audience for any learning objective should modify the content and language used in the objective.
For instance, objectives for younger students may need to be simplified or contain more visual aids, whereas objectives for adult learners can assume a higher level of knowledge and use more sophisticated language.
The Behaviour associated with the ABCD model refers to what type of action should be taken by the audience in question.
This could include analytical thinking, problem-solving, writing, or any other behaviour which is relevant to the topic being covered.
The type of behaviour should be specific and clearly defined in order for it to be effectively measured.
The Condition portion of the model refers to what context or circumstances will have an impact on how the objective is achieved.
For instance, a learning objective may require students to solve a problem in a particular way (e.g., without using a calculator).
The condition portion of the ABCD model ensures that any necessary qualifications are taken into account when crafting an objective.
The Degree portion of the ABCD model refers to how successful students should be in order to achieve the learning objective.
This can include anything from basic understanding to complete mastery of the topic in question.
The degree should be clearly specified so that it can be effectively measured when assessing student performance.
In other words, learning objectives should provide a description of who is being taught, what they should be able to do afterwards, the conditions under which this can be achieved, and how well it must be done.
Using the ABCD model provides an accessible framework that specific learning objectives can be crafted around.
To help you master the process of creating effective learning objectives, we’ve broken down the process into four steps:
When crafting learning objectives, it’s important to consider who the objective is intended for. Identifying the intended audience will inform the language and content used in crafting the objective.
Having a specific behaviour in mind will help you create a practical learning objective. Consider which behaviours are necessary for learners to master the topic, and strive to ensure that the objectives reflect these behaviours.
The conditions and constraints surrounding the learning objective should be made explicit. This includes any qualifications or stipulations which must be met in order for learners to achieve the objective.
It should also consider any possible constraints or limitations that may impact how the objective is achieved. These constraints could include time or resource limitations, for example.
Finally, you should determine how successful learners must be in order to achieve the objective. This could include understanding basic concepts or mastering all aspects of a topic.
By defining the degree of success desired, it will be easier to measure whether learners have achieved the objective.
The degree should be specific and measurable in order for learners to effectively work towards it. This could include anything from basic understanding to complete mastery of the topic in question.
By taking a step-by-step approach to creating practical learning objectives, it will be easier to ensure that the desired outcome is achieved.
Ideally, any learning objective should contain all of the necessary information to help learners understand what they need to do in order to succeed.
To achieve this, you should start by outlining what the learner needs to do in a clear and concise manner.
Then, break down each step into more detailed tasks to ensure that all necessary aspects of the objective are included. This could include defining any qualifications or constraints which may impact the completion of the task.
Finally, consider how successful learners must be in order to achieve the task set out in the learning objectives. This should be measurable so that learners can effectively work towards it and track their progress.
By taking a step-by-step approach to writing learning objectives, you will be able to ensure that the desired outcomes are achieved for each lesson or course.
There are three primary types of learning objectives that can be used as the basis for crafting your own practical learning objectives.
Using these archetypes along with the ABCD model will help to ensure that your objectives are specific, measurable, and achievable.
Knowledge-based objectives are used to measure the learner’s understanding of a particular concept.
This type of objective should focus on testing the learner’s knowledge and comprehension in order to assess their level of understanding.
A good example of a knowledge-based objective would be:
“The learner will be able to explain the process of photosynthesis in at least three sentences.”
Skill-based objectives are used to assess the learner’s ability to apply their understanding of a concept.
This type of objective should focus on testing the learner’s ability to use the knowledge they have acquired in order to complete a task.
A good example of a skill-based objective would be:
“The learner will be able to apply the principles of photosynthesis to solve a problem.”
Attitude-based objectives are used to assess the learner’s attitude towards the concept.
This type of objective should focus on testing the learner’s ability to think critically about a concept and their willingness to apply this knowledge in real-world situations.
A good example of an attitude-based objective would be:
“The learner will be able to demonstrate an understanding of photosynthesis and its implications for sustainability.”
To help make the process of crafting practical learning objectives easier, here are some examples you can use as a reference point.
“The learner will be able to list the three main components of photosynthesis and explain their role in the process.”
“The learner will be able to identify the five primary sources of energy used in photosynthesis and explain how they are utilised.”
“The learner will be able to apply their knowledge of photosynthesis to construct a model demonstrating the process.”
“The learner will be able to use the principles of photosynthesis to design an experiment that tests one of its aspects. “
“The learner will be able to discuss the implications of photosynthesis on climate change and how it can help reduce negative impacts.”
“The learner will demonstrate an understanding of the importance of photosynthesis for our environment and its impact on sustainability.”
While writing learning objectives can be challenging, the good news is that there is established best practice for crafting effective and practical learning objectives.
By following these guidelines, you will be able to ensure that your learning objectives are clear, achievable, and useful.
Good learning objectives are specific and should clearly indicate what the learner needs to accomplish to achieve the desired outcome. They should also be measurable so that it is evident when the learner has achieved them.
Action verbs should be used in the learning objectives to indicate what the learner will do. This will make it clear to both the trainer and the learners what is expected of them.
Action verbs include:
• Understand • Identify • Demonstrate • Apply
Before writing the learning objective, you should consider the difficulty level appropriate for the learners. The degree of difficulty should be challenging but also achievable so that learners can successfully work towards it.
Learning objectives should be aligned with the overall learning goals of the course or lesson. This will ensure that all objectives contribute towards achieving the desired outcome for the learners.
While learning objectives are most commonly used in educational settings to help guide the learning process, they can also be used as a basis for creating training objectives.
Training objectives should focus on the desired outcomes from the training activity and use similar language and structure as learning objectives.
The critical difference is that the focus will be more on how to best achieve these outcomes rather than what needs to be learned.
Some strategies for turning objectives into training objectives include:
An example of a training objective derived from a learning objective is:
Learning Objective: “The learner will be able to identify the five primary sources of energy used in photosynthesis and explain how they are utilised.”
Training Objective: “The learners will understand how to combine different sources of energy to create new products or applications.”
The primary difference between learning and training objectives is that learning objectives focus on knowledge acquisition, whereas training objectives focus on skill development.
Where learning objectives prioritise content that teaches the learner about a specific concept, training objectives focus on developing problem-solving skills that can be applied to real-world scenarios.
When it comes to assessments, learning objectives should align with content and assessments that allow learners to demonstrate their understanding of the material. This could include multiple choice questions, short answer tests, and even practical activities.
By comparison, assessments for training objectives should encourage learners to apply their skills in a practical setting. This could include case studies, simulations, and group activities that allow learners to use the knowledge they have acquired in a problem-solving context.
Once written, learning objectives should not be static and should be reviewed regularly to ensure they are still relevant and achievable. To assess the learning objectives, it is essential to use both formative and summative assessments.
Formative assessments should be used during the learning process to measure progress and help identify any areas where learners may need additional support or guidance. This could include quizzes, tests, or group activities.
On the other hand, summative assessments should be used at the end of the learning process to measure the transfer of learning. These could include essays or presentations that require learners to demonstrate their understanding of the material.
By regularly assessing and evaluating your learning objectives, you can ensure they remain relevant and achievable for all learners. This is particularly true of training objectives where the application of the skills acquired is tested in a practical setting.
The ability to measure learning objectives is essential for assessing the success of a course or lesson. Learning objectives should be measurable to ensure it is evident when learners have met them.
As mentioned, formative assessments should be used during the learning process to help measure progress, while summative assessments should be used to measure how much learners have learned.
Other methods for measuring learning objectives include:
By using these different methods of measurement, you can ensure that your learning objectives are being met and that learners are gaining the knowledge and skills they need to succeed.
Learning objectives are essential for any educational or training setting.
By measuring learning objectives regularly, you can more accurately track the success of your course or lesson and ensure that all learners achieve their desired outcomes.
Skillshub’s innovative eLearning platform makes it easy for trainers to create, measure, and assess learning objectives. With tools like quizzes and assessments, and reporting tools to track progress, Skillshub can help you ensure that all learners are achieving their desired outcomes.
Our professionally designed off-the-shelf courses are also a great way to get started and provide you with all the tools and resources you need to develop engaging and interactive courses.
With our comprehensive suite of e-learning solutions, Skillshub can ensure that your learners have the knowledge and skills they need to succeed.
If you’re looking for an easy and efficient way to create, measure, and assess learning objectives, Skillshub is the perfect platform for you.
As an eLearning company , Skillshub is committed to creating efficient and impactful learning experiences.
Contact us today to find out how we can help you achieve your educational goals.
Sean McPheat
Sean is the CEO of Skillshub. He’s a published author and has been featured on CNN, BBC and ITV as a leading authority in the learning and development industry. Sean is responsible for the vision and strategy at Skillshub, helping to ensure innovation within the company.
Updated on: 11 October, 2023
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English that goes straight to the heart
Aldous Huxley described an essay as “A literary device for saying almost everything about almost anything”.
An essay is a piece of writing that revolves around a particular theme and contains the academic opinions of the person writing it.
An essay can perform one or more of the following functions:
Also, Read 6 Types of Essay
Also, Read Top 10 Essay Examples
Essay writing often forms a part of English written exams to test the ability of students to
Introduction.
It constitutes the opening paragraph of the essay.
They constitute the supporting sentences and ideas.
It constitutes the ending paragraph(s) of the essay.
Also, Read Short Essay Examples
Preparation.
1. Think about the idea given in the title or the prompt.
2. Structure your essay.
3. Use a consistent tense form while writing the essay.
4. Express clearly.
5. Be original in your ideas. Don‘t be afraid to think out of the box.
6. Use your own memories or your experiences to add to the essay.
7. Recheck for any grammatical errors after finishing the essay.
Also, Read Summarizing an Essay
My native place.
My parents hail from a small village in Kerala which is nestled among mountains in a scenic district of the state. Every year, I visit my native place with my family. It is a trip that I look forward to all year. My father books the ticket two months in advance as it is difficult to procure reservations on short notice. Although I have lived in the city all my life, I feel that I never belonged to it. I have always felt at home in the quaint mountain village that is far removed from the hustle and bustle of city life.
It takes us 18 hours by train to reach the railway station that is closest to my village. The journey is usually gruelling in the summers but very pleasant in the winters and in the monsoons. We plan our trip in the summer months since we get a two-month vacation in April. In order to beat the heat, we travel by air-conditioned coaches every year. We board the train at noon and we reach our destination at 6 am the next day.
The morning air is heavy with the scent of flowers and wet foliage. The temple bells start ringing at 6:30 am and the sound of bhajans fills the air. The village is only a 20-minute rickshaw ride away from the station. When we enter my grandmother‘s house, we are welcomed by her diminutive figure holding a lamp.
According to her, it is auspicious to welcome loved ones by lighting the lamp at the altar of God. The moment we set foot into the house, we are filled with a sense of nostalgia and love. After a sumptuous yet simple breakfast, we relax with our family in the courtyard.
The cool mountain air is laden with scents of the rustic countryside. From afar, we hear the sounds of birds. My sister and I make paper boats and run to the little babbling brook that flows southwards. We set the boats on the water and watch them bob up and down. Far away from the world of video games and television, we seek fun in a world of simplicity.
The house itself has a personality. Simple, two-storeyed, made of stone walls and a thatched roof, the house is an old friend who warmly embraces you every time you meet. The rooms are small but well-maintained. On the ground floor is a room that my grandmother uses for storing condiments and grains. It is illuminated with a single light bulb and an old-fashioned lock-and-key style door. In its corner is a small bed.
The calming silence of the room soothes my ears and transports me into a magical place. I feel weightless. The smell of spices envelops me. On many occasions, I have spent hours sprawled on that bed reading a book or listening to music. If I ever have to pick a favourite place, then I have no doubt this would be it.
When twilight descends on the little hamlet, large clusters of stars start appearing in the sky. Such a sight is never seen in the city as the lights obscure the stars that appear in the sky. My grandmother lights the lamp again and we all gather around her to say our evening prayers. After enjoying her simple, rustic yet delicious meal, we retire for the night.
Sometimes when I am upset, I think of my quaint little house in the village, my grandmother‘s warm embrace, and the small room that smells of spices. They immediately help me put my worries away and bring a smile to my face.
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Academic writing is generally impersonal and objective in tone. This section considers what objective writing is , how objective academic writing is , then presents several ways to make your writing more objective . There is also an academic article , to show authentic examples of objective language, and a checklist at the end, that you can use to check the objectivity of your own writing.
Objective writing places the emphasis on facts, information and arguments, and can be contrasted with subjective writing which relates to personal feelings and biases. Objective writing uses third person pronouns (it, he, she, they), in contrast to subjective writing which uses first person pronouns (I, we) or second person pronoun (you).
Although many academic writers believe that objectivity is an essential feature of academic writing, conventions are changing and how much this is true depends on the subject of study. An objective, impersonal tone remains essential in the natural sciences (chemistry, biology, physics), which deal with quantitative (i.e. numerical) methods and data. In such subjects, the research is written from the perspective of an impartial observer, who has no emotional connection to the research. Use of a more subjective tone is increasingly acceptable in areas such as naturalist research, business, management, literary studies, theology and philosophical writing, which tend to make greater use of qualitative rather than quantitative data. Reflective writing is increasingly used on university courses and is highly subjective in nature.
There are many aspects of writing which contribute to an objective tone. The following are some of the main ones.
Objective tone is most often connected with the use of passive, which removes the actor from the sentence. For example:
Most academic writers agree that passive should not be overused, and it is generally preferrable for writing to use the active instead, though this is not always possible if the tone is to remain impersonal without use of I or other pronouns. There is, however, a special group of verbs in English called ergative verbs , which are used in the active voice without the actor of the sentence. Examples are dissolve, increase, decrease, lower, and start . For example:
Another way to use active voice while remaining objective is to focus on the evidence, and make this the subject of the sentence. For example:
Evidence from sources is a common feature of objective academic writing. This generally uses the third person active. For example:
Impersonal constructions with It and There are common ways to write objectively. These structures are often used with hedges (to soften the information) and boosters (to strengthen it) . This kind of language allows the writer to show how strongly they feel about the information, without using emotive language, which should be avoided in academic writing.
Another way to write objectively is to personify the writing (essay, report, etc.) and make this the subject of the sentence.
In short, objective writing means focusing on the information and evidence. While it remains a common feature of academic writing, especially in natural sciences, a subjective tone is increasingly acceptable in fields which make use of qualitative data, as well as in reflective writing. Objectivity in writing can be achieved by:
Bailey, S. (2000). Academic Writing. Abingdon: RoutledgeFalmer
Bennett, K. (2009) 'English academic style manuals: A survey', Journal of English for Academic Purposes , 8 (2009) 43-54.
Cottrell, S. (2013). The Study Skills Handbook (4th ed.) , Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.
Hinkel, E. (2004). Teaching Academic ESL Writing: Practical Techniques in Vocabulary and Grammar . Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc Publishers.
Hyland, K. (2006) English for Academic Purposes: An advanced resource book . Abingdon: Routledge.
Jordan, R. R. (1997) English for academic purposes: A guide and resource book for teachers . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Below is an authentic academic article. It has been abbreviated by using the abstract and extracts from the article; however, the language is unchanged from the original. Click on the different areas (in the shaded boxes) to highlight the different objective features.
Title: Obesity bias and stigma, attitudes and beliefs among entry-level physiotherapy students in the Republic of Ireland: a cross sectional study. Source: : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031940621000353
[1] | Nat Rev Endocrinol, 16 (5) (2020), p. 253 |
[2] | F. Rubino, R.M. Puhl, D.E. Cummings, R.H. Eckel, D.H. Ryan, J.I. Mechanick, et al. Nat Med, 26 (4) (2020), pp. 485-497 |
[3] | J. Seymour, Jl Barnes, J. Schumacher, Rl. Vollmer Inquiry, 55 (2018), Article 46958018774171 |
[4] | S.M. Phelan, D.J. Burgess, M.W. Yeazel, W.L. Hellerstedt, J.M. Griffin, M. van Ryn Obes Rev, 16 (4) (2015), pp. 319-32 |
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Below is a checklist for using objectivity in academic writing. Use it to check your writing, or as a peer to help. Note: you do not need to use all the ways given here.
The writing is . | ||
The writing uses to avoid personal pronouns (e.g. ). Passive is not overused. | ||
The writing (e.g. ). | ||
The writing uses and third person pronouns (e.g. ). | ||
The writing uses with and . | ||
The writing uses (e.g. |
Read more about writing critically in the next section.
Go back to the previous section about using complex grammar .
Author: Sheldon Smith ‖ Last modified: 05 February 2024.
Sheldon Smith is the founder and editor of EAPFoundation.com. He has been teaching English for Academic Purposes since 2004. Find out more about him in the about section and connect with him on Twitter , Facebook and LinkedIn .
Compare & contrast essays examine the similarities of two or more objects, and the differences.
Cause & effect essays consider the reasons (or causes) for something, then discuss the results (or effects).
Discussion essays require you to examine both sides of a situation and to conclude by saying which side you favour.
Problem-solution essays are a sub-type of SPSE essays (Situation, Problem, Solution, Evaluation).
Transition signals are useful in achieving good cohesion and coherence in your writing.
Reporting verbs are used to link your in-text citations to the information cited.
Need to differentiate goals and objectives, strategies to achieve goals and objectives, implementation of the strategies.
The terms goals and objectives have been used interchangeably as though to imply they are synonymous. Although the line that distinguishes these two is very thin, there is a difference between these two concepts.
This discussion focuses on the differences between goals and objectives and why each of them is important to an organization. This discussion will further focus on strategies to achieve goals and objectives and the implementation of these strategies.
A mission also referred to as a mission statement in most organizations is a short phrase or number of words which states the purpose for which an organization or a company was set up. The mission statement acts as guide to the organization’s employees in their activities by ensuring that they keep within the mission of the company.
Mission and vision though often confused as to mean the same things are different in that mission is the purpose of existence of an organization while vision is what the organization hopes to achieve.
It is important that the line between goals and objectives is recognized. Goals on one hand are aims that are set on a long term basis which an individuals or an organization hopes to achieve after a given period of time.
Objectives on the other hand are more concrete and specific and their attainability is set for a relatively shorter time. This means that it is easy to validate objectives than it is to validate goals.
Goals also tend to be broad while objectives are limited in their scope. Due to the short time span that objectives are expected to be attained, they are considered tangible while goals are intangible and always considered as intentions to do something as opposed to objectives which are precise.
If you have a proposal that you are making, being able to clearly draw the line between goals and objectives is important if your proposal is to be accepted.
Both objectives and goals are important in any organizations as they are tools that help an organization get to where it wants to be. An organization should therefore have both aspects for the forward movement of the company and to be able to ensure whether or not accomplishments have been achieved.
It is of paramount importance for any organization to have well laid down strategies to help the organization achieve its goals and objectives. The first strategy is to be clear on what you want. An organization cannot come up with an effective strategy of attaining goals and objectives if they do not know what they want to achieve.
The next important thing is to be committed in whatever it is that the organization wants to achieve. (Vurnum, 2010). Setting goals and objectives is the easy part, attaining them, is the most difficult and challenging part. This means that an organization must work towards the set goals and objectives without relenting or looking back. It is only through putting considerable efforts that expected outcome will be realized.
Be S.M.A.R.T is the other strategy that organizations must embrace so as to succeed in the attainment of their goals and objectives. S.M.A.R.T is an acronym for specific, measurable, achievable, and relevant and time bound. This means that the goals and objectives that a company sets must be specific. If the goals and objectives are general, then it will be difficult in the end to determine whether or not they have been achieved. Goals and objectives must also be measurable.
It should be possible to measure and determine the extent to which the goals and objectives have been attained and what is remaining for the two to be fully achieved. (Rouillard, 2003).The goals and objectives set must also be relevant to the core business of the company.
If they go outside the scope of the business then they may not be attained. Goals and objectives must also be time bound meaning that they must be achieved within a specific period of time. An organization cannot set goals and objectives which it hopes to achieve within an indefinite period of time.
Once the strategies have been developed, the next thing is to implement these strategies. This is done by considering six important factors which are:
The success of an organization is highly dependent on the kind of goals and objectives that have been set by the management and also the laid down mechanisms that are meant to oversee the implementation. With these tips in mind, an organization cannot go wrong.
Rouillard, L. (2003). Goals and goal setting: achieving measured objectives . London: Cengage Learning.
Vurnum, G. (2010). Goals and Objectives: 92 Affirmations That Apply Smart Goal Setting to Achieve Your Goals in Life. NY : Create Space.
IvyPanda. (2018, May 25). Goals and Objectives. https://ivypanda.com/essays/goals-and-objectives/
"Goals and Objectives." IvyPanda , 25 May 2018, ivypanda.com/essays/goals-and-objectives/.
IvyPanda . (2018) 'Goals and Objectives'. 25 May.
IvyPanda . 2018. "Goals and Objectives." May 25, 2018. https://ivypanda.com/essays/goals-and-objectives/.
1. IvyPanda . "Goals and Objectives." May 25, 2018. https://ivypanda.com/essays/goals-and-objectives/.
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IvyPanda . "Goals and Objectives." May 25, 2018. https://ivypanda.com/essays/goals-and-objectives/.
The quit india movement, also known as the august movement, was a significant milestone in india's struggle for independence from british rule. this article gives you a complete overview of short and long notes along with essays for school students..
The Quit India Movement, also known as the August Movement, was a significant milestone in India's struggle for independence from British rule. It began on August 8, 1942, when the Indian National Congress, led by Mahatma Gandhi, passed a resolution demanding an end to British rule. The movement called for immediate withdrawal of the British government and was marked by widespread protests, strikes, and demonstrations across India.
The Quit India Movement, launched on August 8, 1942, was a pivotal event in the Indian independence struggle. At the All India Congress Committee session held in Bombay, the Indian National Congress, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, adopted the resolution demanding the immediate end of British rule in India. This was driven by the growing frustration among Indians with British policies and their handling of World War II.
The Quit India Movement, a defining chapter in India's struggle for independence, was a clarion call for complete freedom from British colonial rule. Launched on August 8, 1942, by Mahatma Gandhi, the movement was a culmination of decades of resistance against imperial domination. The movement's core demand was simple yet powerful: "Quit India".
Gandhi's call for a mass uprising resonated with the Indian people, tired of oppression and exploitation. The slogan "Do or Die" ignited a spirit of defiance, inspiring millions to participate in the struggle. The movement was characterized by widespread civil disobedience, with people disrupting communication lines, government offices, and railway networks. The British responded with brutal repression, arresting the Congress leadership and using excessive force to quell the protests.
The Quit India Movement, though faced with immense challenges, played a pivotal role in weakening British rule. It showcased the unwavering determination of the Indian people and galvanized the nation. The movement also saw the emergence of new leaders, who would later play a crucial role in shaping independent India. While the immediate objectives were not achieved, the movement laid the foundation for the eventual transfer of power in 1947.
The Quit India Movement remains a symbol of India's indomitable spirit and its relentless pursuit of freedom. It serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made by countless individuals in the struggle for independence and continues to inspire generations.
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Need to write about career goals? Let's go over some tips for writing, as well as a couple of scholarship essay examples about career goals.
Research objectives refer to the definitive statements made by researchers at the beginning of a research project detailing exactly what a research project aims to achieve. These objectives are explicit goals clearly and concisely projected
Read this comprehensive article to understand what research objectives are and how to write them effectively. You'll also learn more about the characteristics and types of research objectives, with examples for each. Don't miss this!
Writing a research paper, thesis, or dissertation? In this post we'll show you how to clearly state your research objectives!
Need an objective essay example or subjective essay topics? Check out this article! Here you'll find: how-to guides, topic ideas, & objective subjective writing examples.
An essay does more than inform or persuade a reader. The process of writing an essay teaches a student how to research a topic and organize her thoughts into an introduction, a body and a conclusion. Essay writing objectives apply to expository and persuasive essays on a variety of topics.
Discover the correct way to write aims and objectives for your thesis, dissertation or research project. We share real examples, breakdowns and common mistakes.
So, how to write objectives? Check out this article to get a complete guide on writing realistic and impactful objectives.
Research objectives are essential for any research project, but how do you define and write them? In this article, you will learn what research objectives are, why they are important, and how to write them with clear and specific examples. Scribbr is your guide to academic writing and research.
How to Write an Objective Essay. Objectivity in essay writing is important in order for the writer to clearly state both sides of an argument without displaying a bias toward one side or the other. When students are given essay titles to complete, not all titles call for objectivity, but the main question will always ...
Example 2: Scholarship essay about career goals (250 words) With a 250-word scholarship essay, you have a little more room to discuss the details of your career goals. You can explain situations from your past that inspired your career pursuits. You could use one paragraph to talk about your short-term goals and another to talk about your long ...
Aims and objectives are among the essential aspects of a dissertation. If you write aims and objectives effectively, they can act as a foundation to give your research clarity and focus.
Approaches to argumentative essays An argumentative essay should be objective in its approach; your arguments should rely on logic and evidence, not on exaggeration or appeals to emotion.
Learn about common career goals scholarship essay prompts and review helpful examples that can guide you toward writing an effective scholarship essay.
What is objective writing? Learn the definition of objective writing, explore examples of objective writing, and see how to write using objective...
Part 1: What is the career goals essay? Just as your undergraduate admissions application most likely required you to write a "personal statement," at the center of almost every MBA application packet is the career goals essay. It can take on many different forms through varying prompts and word count requirements, but the approach to this seminal portion of your MBA application remains ...
Objective writing is a situation when people must cover credible sources and present unbiased information to shape knowledge.
Skillshub outlines what learning objectives are, types and examples with a step-by-step guide to how to write them effectively to benefit training outcomes.
What is an Essay? An essay is a piece of writing that revolves around a particular theme and contains the academic opinions of the person writing it. Examples
What is objective writing? Objective writing places the emphasis on facts, information and arguments, and can be contrasted with subjective writing which relates to personal feelings and biases. Objective writing uses third person pronouns (it, he, she, they), in contrast to subjective writing which uses first person pronouns (I, we) or second person pronoun (you).
Discover how to be objective in writing using this guide, covering the meaning of objective writing, how to do it effectively and examples of it in use.
Introduction The terms goals and objectives have been used interchangeably as though to imply they are synonymous. Although the line that distinguishes these two is very thin, there is a difference between these two concepts. Get a custom essay on Goals and Objectives 184 writers online Learn More This discussion focuses on the differences between goals and objectives and why each of them is ...
Discover the Quit India Movement: Learn about the events, and impact through short and long notes and an informative essay.