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Study PhD in Spain

Being a PhD student in Spain is a wonderful experience with countless opportunities to grow, learn, and advance professionally. There is a wide range of exceptional PhD programs in Spain in any area of research. Studying PhD in Spain will place you in a multicultural environment where the climate is warm, the academic quality is exceptional, and the opportunities to succeed in your professional life are endless.

Here’s everything you need to know about Doctoral/PhD degrees in Spain:

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PhD Programs in Spain

PhD programs in Spain are plentiful, comprehensive, and efficient when it comes to development and training. Since Spain is a popular destination to pursue studies, many international students choose Spain as their PhD destination. 

Spanish universities feature extensive PhD programs, and they are esteemed for their teaching, innovation, and research. Spanish universities’ doctoral colleges or research institutes offer PhD programs for interested PhD candidates. Whether you are interested in the sciences, arts and humanities, health sciences, social sciences and law, or technological sciences, you will find anything of your preference in Spain. 

Universities in Spain for PhD

Here are the top universities in Spain offering PhD programs include: 

• Autonomous University of Barcelona (65 PhD degree programs)
• Pompeu Fabra University (9 PhD degree programs)
• University of Barcelona (50 PhD degree programs)
• Complutense University of Madrid (55 PhD degree programs)
• University of Navarra (23 PhD degree programs)
• Autonomous University of Madrid (42 PhD degree programs)
• University of Valencia (61 PhD degree programs)
• University of Deusto (8 PhD degree programs)
• University of Salamanca (40 PhD degree programs)
• University Carlos III of Madrid (21 PhD degree programs)
• University of Granada (28 PhD degree programs)
• University of Zaragoza (47 PhD degree programs)

Can I Get an Online PhD Degree in Spain?

Although PhD candidates are usually more in favor of undertaking their doctoral studies on campus, some universities offer online PhD in Spain. Usually, online PhD degrees in Spain are offered by private or international higher education institutions. Public universities in Spain generally only offer in-person doctoral degrees. It will be easier for you to find an in-person accredited PhD program in Spain than an online PhD program. 

How Much Does a PhD Program Cost in Spain?

Tuition fees in Spain are set on a pay-per-credit basis, which means the number of ECTS credits a program has is multiplied by the cost of one credit. The cost per credit for PhD programs can go up to €55 (or lower). 

PhD programs in Spain are divided into two stages, and it is only during the first phase (first year) that students have to undertake credit courses (60 ECTS). The second phase (the subsequent years of the PhD program) focuses on research and writing the thesis. 

This means the cost of PhD in Spain, for the first year only, can go up to €3,300 (or lower). The other academic years students spend researching and writing their thesis are way cheaper because you only have to pay for supervision, continual assessment, and additional administrative costs. The Autonomous University of Barcelona, for example, only charges around €550 per year for supervision, assessment, administrative fees, and other specific services.

Generally, the cost of PhD in Spain depends on factors like university, research discipline, and the student’s country of residence. Usually, non-EU/EEA students pay higher fees compared to national or EU/EEA students. 

PhD Scholarships in Spain for International Students

It is possible to undertake a funded PhD in Spain. Many prospective PhD candidates apply for PhD scholarships in Spain, and there are even options for international students. PhD scholarships in Spain are offered by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Professional Training. Individual Spanish universities also offer grants and financial aid for doctoral programs. Universities usually list the funding options on their websites. 

Can I Get a PhD in Spain in English?

Obtaining an English PhD in Spain is possible but not as common as Spanish-taught PhD programs. Although there are universities that offer English-taught PhD programs in Spain, the majority of them are in Spanish, which means finding the perfect English PhD program in Spain will not be easy, but not impossible either. 

Some universities offer programs that are bilingual or even multilingual. For example, the PhD programs in Communication, Law, and History (to name a few) at Pompeu Fabra University use Catalan, Spanish, and English as the medium of instruction during training activities. On the other hand, the PhD program in Information and Communication Technologies at the same university is taught entirely in English. 

How Long is a PhD Program in Spain?

The duration of a PhD program in Spain is approximately three years of full-time study. Some may extend their PhD studies in Spain for two more years if initially approved by the Academic Commission of the university. Part-time PhD programs usually take around five years to complete. 

PhD Structure in Spain

A PhD program in Spain is divided into the first cycle, which comprises training courses, and the second cycle, which focuses on research and writing towards a dissertation. During a PhD program, candidates must attend training sessions, seminars, and a wide range of other academic activities. 

Supervision 

PhD candidates have two mentors that help them throughout the doctoral program: 

• Mentor: A PhD holder responsible for monitoring the interaction between the candidate and the Academic Commission. 
• Thesis Director: A PhD holder (may or may not be the same person as the mentor) who must have accredited research experience. The thesis director is responsible for planning training activities for the candidate and overseeing thesis matters.
• Thesis Co-Director (When Applicable) : When the thesis has a multidisciplinary nature. 

Admission Requirements

In order to gain admission in PhD programs in Spain, prospective students must have a bachelor’s and a master’s degree relevant to the PhD field of research (300 ECTS credits in total). Universities also accept students with equivalent degrees for as long as they correspond to a total of 300 ECTS credits. Individual universities have the right to add additional selection/admission criteria for specific doctoral programs in Spain. 

How to Apply 

The application for PhD in Spain should be made directly to the university, doctoral college, or university institute of your choice. Prospective PhD candidates in Spain must usually submit a research proposal, CV, reference, etc. As part of the admission process, students must also attend an interview.

You may have to submit the following documents. 

• Certified copy of your valid passport. 
• Passport-sized recent photographs.
• Curriculum vitae (CV).
• Attested photocopies of academic degree certificates.
• Attested photocopies of academic records, such as subjects and qualifications.
• Proof of language proficiency (depending on the medium of instruction).

Since starting dates and application deadlines vary depending on the university, all information regarding application deadlines and university-specific application documents can be found on the respective university’s website. 

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• PhD Study in Spain - A Guide for 2024

Written by Chris Banyard

More than just a sunny holiday location, Spain is also a popular international study destination with historic universities and a range of PhD study opportunities. PhDs in Spain are well-structured to provide high-quality training and professional development.

This guide covers everything you’ll need to know about PhDs in Spain, complete with information on universities, funding and applications.

PhD opportunities in Spain – what’s on offer for 2024?

Spain is regularly regarded as one of the most popular destinations for international study, and it’s not hard to see why.

Its Mediterranean climate and beautiful beaches make the country an enjoyable (and relaxing!) place to learn and research. But, Spanish universities are still renowned for high-quality teaching and impact across many research areas.

Spain puts particular emphasis on doctoral training and development, with structured course content and strong relationships with non-academic partners.

Of course, Spain also has an exceptional heritage when it comes to the Arts, Literature and Science, including figures such as Pablo Picasso, Salavador Dalí, Francisco la Goya, Antoni Gaudí, Miguel de Cervantes, Salvador de Madariaga and Santiago Ramón y Cajal.

Here are some of the highlights you can expect if you study a PhD in Spain this year:

• International outlook – Spanish universities are welcoming to international students and the country has strong travel connections to other countries of Europe
• Learn Spanish – Spain is the best place to learn the world’s second most spoken language, even if your PhD isn’t taught in it
• Cultural heritage – with the third largest number of UNESCO world heritage sites in the world, lively cities and many exciting festivals, Spain has no shortage of historical and cultural attractions
• Climate and atmosphere – Spain offers famously sunny and comfortable weather, beautiful beaches and countryside
• Affordable – the cost of living in Spain and tuition fees are relatively low for doctoral students compared to the rest of Europe

Spain’s famously relaxed atmosphere may also help balance the pressures of a PhD. Tricky experiments and research materials are bound to look better after a little siesta .

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Spanish universities

Spain’s higher education system is divided into public and private universities and university institutes. All are registered in the Register of Universities, Centres and Qualifications of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport. 50 of these institutions are public, with the remaining 36 being private. There are also non-university institutions, but these do not award doctorates.

PhDs in Spain are offered by a specific university’s doctoral college or at a university research institute (separate training centres formed by collaborating universities and independent partners).

The UK and Spain's education agreement

The UK and Spain has recently signed an education cooperation agreement which makes study abroad between the two countries more accessible.

Spanish university cities

There are several cities in Spain with one or more universities and large numbers of students:

• Study in Madrid
• Study in Barcelona
• Study in Granada
• Study in Murcia
• Study in Pamplona
• Study in Salamanca
• Study in Santa Cruz de Tenerife
• Study in Seville
• Study in Tarragona
• Study in Valencia

Spanish university rankings

The universities of Spain perform respectably across the three main rankings tables, with several universities present in the top 500 in the world.

PhD structure

PhDs in Spain follows well-defined guidelines about structure and supervision. It is organised by a university’s Academic Commission , formed of appointed academics and researchers.

In Spain, full-time PhD studies last for a maximum of three years . It is possible to have enrolment on a doctoral programme extended for an additional two years, but this must be specially approved by your university’s Academic Commission. Part-time PhD programmes last for five years.

Although the main activity during a PhD is research, you may also need to attend training courses, seminars and partake in other academic activities. These are coordinated by your Academic Commission.

Often, Spanish doctorates are formed from two stages ( ciclos ): the first stage (during the first-year) focusses on the training courses to the value of 60 ECTS credits; the second stage focusses on research and writing of the thesis.

Student status

As a PhD candidate in Spain, your status will be registered in one of two ways:

• University student – very similar status and rights to other university students
• University student and research trainee – common for doctoral students, includes funding status (grant or contract) and has additional rights

Supervision

In addition to the Academic Commission, each doctoral programme has two supervisors, with different responsibilities:

• Mentor – equivalent to the traditional PhD supervisor, responsible for monitoring your interaction with the Academic Commission.
• Thesis director – responsible for planning your training activities and ensuring the thesis has sufficient impact and novelty. This may be your mentor, and the Academic Commission can change this individual at any point.

There may also be additional supervisory figures, such as co-directors in the case of a PhD programme that is multi-disciplinary or based at multiple institutions.

In addition to the doctoral thesis, PhD candidates in Spain are assessed through several other pieces of work:

• Personal activity portfolio – this documents all relevant training and research activities carried out throughout your doctorate, and is regularly reviewed by your mentor and thesis director
• Research plan – this details your prospective methodology, objectives, and the resources of your research. This can be amended throughout your doctorate, but must be completed before the end of your first year and approved by your mentor and thesis director
• Written agreement – this is signed after admission and establishes your rights and responsibilities

Examination

To successfully complete you PhD in Spain, you must write a doctoral thesis demonstrating expertise in a research field and the ability to carry out independent research.

This must be examined at a public defence . After the thesis is completed, it is given public status to allow fellow researchers to review your work. The public defence session takes place in front of a board of expert examiners, most of which will be external to your university.

The Academic Commission will also assess your research plan, personal activity portfolio, and progress reports as part of your assessment.

Fees and funding

In general, the cost of PhD study in Spain is lower than in most other countries in Western Europe. Spanish tuition fees are relatively affordable, and there are several sources of doctoral funding available.

Spanish PhD fees

Tuition fees in Spain are calculated per ECTS credit instead of per semester or year. This is currently set between €22 and €36 per credit.

As most of the set hours of study of a PhD are carried out in the first year, this equates to around €2,200-3,600 for the initial year of study . Subsequent years still have tuition costs for training and research costs, but these can be typically significantly lower at around €200-600 per year (plus other administration costs).

International students are usually charged higher tuition fee rates than domestic students, and the fees may vary by university and research discipline. You can check the specific tuition fee costs at your prospective university’s website.

Spanish PhD funding

Scholarships and funding opportunities, or becas , are available for PhD study in Spain. Some of these are available for international students, and can be found from the following sources:

• The Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID) – offers grants and assistantships in the fields of Development Cooperation, Arts, Education and Culture
• Fundación Carolina – has opportunities for doctorate scholarships at Spanish and Latin American universities
• The Spanish Ministry of Education and Professional Training – provides grants and scholarships to pursue doctoral studies
• Santander – the Santander bank advertises grants for study, research and mobility at Spanish-speaking universities

PhD funding in Spain

Our guide to PhD funding in Spain has more information on the scholarship opportunities and how to pay for your doctorate.

Applying for a PhD in Spain

PhD applications in Spain are made directly to the individual university, doctoral college or university institute. Although the process and admission criteria can vary, in general Spanish PhD applications are relatively straightforward.

Application process

Applications for PhDs in Spain are made directly to your potential university and / or doctoral programme’s Academic Commission . In the first instance, you should contact your programme coordinator to gauge the availability of PhD positions and learn more about the application process at the specific university or doctoral college.

PhD programmes in Spain can have varying application deadlines and start dates, depending on your university of choice, research discipline, and any associated training components. Most Spanish universities will want to receive enquiries about prospective doctoral study between January and May in preparation for the following academic year.

You will usually need to submit additional application materials such as a research proposal , CV , references and even attend an interview . Certain official documents to be submitted may also require an official Spanish ‘sworn translation’.

Admission requirements

To successfully apply for a PhD in Spain, you will normally need to hold both a Bachelors and Masters degree relevant to your research field. Equivalent degrees are acceptable, provided they correspond to at least 300 ECTS credits overall. Other qualifications will need to be recognised by Spanish National Recognition Information Centre (NARIC) or at the Spanish Ministry of Education .

PhD entry requirements

The general eligibility criteria for PhD applications in Spain is similar to most other countries in the Europe. Our guide explains entry requirements for a prospective PhD student.

Language requirements

Although more courses in Spain are being taught in English, it is still the case that many doctoral programmes are administered in Spanish. In this case, your prospective university will have Spanish language requirements – the nature of these depend on the university’s individual policy and the PhD programme structure. You may have to demonstrate your Spanish through the completion of Spanish language tests . Even if Spanish is not required on your PhD programme, you will find proficiency in the language very useful both for study and daily life.

Student visas

There are several immigration procedures that must be completed to study a PhD in Spain. The specific details and processes required depends on your country of origin.

Visa information for UK students in Spain

UK students will no longer be EU citizens from the 2021-22 academic year onwards. This means you may be considered as an international student when studying in Spain. You may be subject to different visa requirements and fee rates, unless otherwise stated.

Non-EU / EEA students are required to have a valid student visa (type-D) to initially enter Spain. This is not required for EU / EEA students; a valid passport or identity card is sufficient.

The initial study visa is valid for the first three months of residence in Spain, and during the first month it must be extended to a long-term visa in person at your local Diplomatic Mission or Consular Post. The initial study visa should be applied for at a Spanish embassy or consulate in your home country with plenty of time before your move to Spain.

Typically, the materials required to apply for a visa are:

• A completed application form
• Passport-style photographs
• A valid passport
• Proof of university enrolment
• Proof of health insurance (where not covered by the European Health Insurance Card (EHIC), private international healthcare insurance is mandatory with a minimum coverage of €30,000 for full duration of your PhD)
• Proof of financial support (usually to equivalent of €657 per month of the academic year)
• Proof of address in Spain

Additionally, there will be an associated €60 application fee for each visa application.

Residence registration

All doctoral students living in Spain must register with the Central Register of Foreign Nationals ( Registro Central de Extranjeros ) within the first three months of residence. The application requires similar documentation as the visa application. You can register in person at either:

• Your local Register’s office ( Oficina de Extranjería )
• Your local police station

Completion of registration grants you a Foreigner’s Identity Number (NIE) which enables you to open a Spanish bank account, use Spanish health services and be eligible for student discounts.

Implications of student status

As a PhD candidate, you could be classified as a ‘student’ or as a ‘research trainee’. This distinction may have implications on your immigration procedure regarding employment status. You should contact your prospective university’s international office for more information.

More information regarding travel and immigration procedures can be found on the Spanish government’s Immigration Portal or by contacting your prospective university’s international office.

The structure and content of PhDs in Spain is designed towards professional skills development and often involves close relationships with industry partners. As such, PhD graduates from universities in Spain can expect to gain excellent training and a globally recognised degree ideal for entering highly-skilled careers.

In particular, Spanish language ability is a highly sought-after skill and enables communication with some of the world’s most important industries and businesses.

Can I work in Spain after my PhD?

In addition to updating your visa and residence registration to reflect your new employment status, you will also need to obtain a valid work permit (if you are a non-EU / EEA national) and register at your local National Institute of Social Security (INSS). Some post-doctorate jobs within academia and research are highly valued, and therefore may not require a work permit.

Graduates of Spanish universities with high-skilled / high-paid jobs, originally from non-EU / EEA countries, are eligible to apply for an EU Blue Card granting permanent residence.

Find a PhD in Spain

Ready to start browsing some current PhD opportunities in Spain ? Alternatively, you can look at our other guides to PhD study abroad .

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Complutense University of Madrid

• Study with Us
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PhD Programmes

• Art and Humanities
• Sciences and Engineering
• Health Sciences
• Social Sciences and Law

PhD Programmes foster the development of fundamental skills essential to operating successfully as a professional researcher in any setting.

Complutense offers an invaluable experience to graduate students which includes the opportunity to work alongside leading academics in the finest libraries, laboratories, museums and collections.

The existing range of Faculties and programmes offers a wealth of possibilities for those interested in finding a programme that will closely match their individual needs.

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Doctoral programmes

The University of Granada is firmly committed to excellence across all of its doctoral programmes – excellence delivered by expert teaching staff with a solid scientific and technical track record who participate in major research projects at national and international level. We have long-standing experience in educating doctors and supporting candidates in producing high-quality theses with an international impact.

Why pursue a doctorate at the UGR?

1. a high-ranking university.

National and international rankings reflect the UGR’s outstanding position among the top universities in Spain and the best in the world. The 2019 Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU)—the most influential system of its kind on the globe—places the UGR as the fourth-highest ranked university in Spain and among the top 300 institutions in the world.

In total, 35 subjects taught at the University feature in the 2019 ARWU. Three of these UGR subjects feature among the world top 50.

2. World-class research

The UGR is internationally renowned for its excellence in diverse research fields, such as ICT (world top 50), health sciences, mathematics, cultural heritage, psychology, and linguistics, among others. Its 500+ research groups work in all areas of scientific knowledge, collaborating closely with other national and international leaders, as well as key industries.

In 2019, the UGR set a new record, with 35 academic subjects taught at our institution featuring in the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities. Particularly noteworthy are the University’s achievements in the subjects of Library & Information Sciences (36th worldwide); Food Science & Technology (37th worldwide); Mining and Mineral Engineering (47th worldwide), Computer Science & Engineering (global top 76-100); and Mathematics (global top 76-100).

We find a similar trend reflected in another leading ranking system — the 2019 CWTS Leiden Ranking — in which the UGR is currently ranked 5th in Spain.

3. A truly international experience

The UGR is the most popular global destination among European exchange students (Erasmus+) and the European leader in figures of both incoming and outgoing Erasmus students. It is a welcoming cosmopolitan university; about 30% of those enrolled on our doctoral programmes are international students.

Moreover, as a doctoral candidate at the UGR you will have the opportunity to participate in an extensive range of mobility programmes, thanks to the exchange agreements we maintain with higher education institutions in over 100 countries.

By completing a research period abroad, you can also obtain an “International Doctorate” Mention, greatly enhancing the value of your qualification.

4. A wide range of programmes and degrees

The UGR offers an extensive selection of high-quality academic programmes with a clear international vocation. In the academic year 2019-2020 the UGR will offer over 100 master’s degrees; 18 of which in international partnerships, as well as 28 doctoral programmes in three interdisciplinary schools.

5. Outstanding services and facilities

The UGR offers top-quality services for its students and staff, covering all aspects of university life (world-class research facilities, accommodation options, well-stocked libraries, high-speed Wi-Fi, canteens, disability services, sports facilities and many more). Our International Welcome Centre (IWC) caters directly to the needs of international doctoral candidates, researchers, postdocs and visiting staff — before, during and after their mobility period at the UGR.

6. Language learning opportunities

Students can learn Spanish and other languages alongside the 8,000 local and international students who enrol each year on courses offered by the UGR’s Modern Languages Centre, Confucius Institute (Chinese) and “Russkiy Mir” Russian Centre.

7. An ideal university city

Granada, a safe modern city, also has an outstanding geographical location just 40 minutes from the Mediterranean Coast with its tropical climate, and 30 minutes from the Sierra Nevada ski resort. The University merges with the city, its schools and campuses distributed throughout Granada, giving the city a lively student atmosphere (56,000 students in a city of 240,000 inhabitants). The UGR is also an intercontinental university, since it has campuses in both Granada and North Africa (Ceuta and Melilla).

8. A culturally and historically rich city

Granada is an enchanting city, full of monuments, history and, of course, the University. Along with its charm, its many cultural and recreational activities make it a great city to explore and a magnificent destination for students from around the world. Granada offers a wide range of cultural activities including festivals of flamenco, jazz, tango, theatre, poetry, magic, music, and dance.

The world-renowned Alhambra and Generalife palaces, which form the backdrop of Granada’s cityscape, are widely regarded as being among the most outstanding examples of Islamic architecture in the world. In 1984 these palaces, along with the labyrinth-like historical quarter known as the Albaicín, became UNESCO world heritage sites, further adding to Granada’s reputation as one of the most beautiful cities in the world.

Doctoral School in Health Sciences (EDCS)

Doctoral Programme in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Doctoral Programme in Biomedicine

Doctoral Programme in Clinical Medicine and Public Health

Doctoral Programme in Nutrition and Food Sciences

Doctoral Programme in Pharmacy

Doctoral Programme in Psychology

Doctoral School in Humanities, Social Sciences and Law (EDHCSJ)

Doctoral Programme in Arts and Education

Doctoral Programme in City, Territory, and Sustainable Planning

Doctoral Programme in Criminology

Doctoral Programme in Economics and Business Studies

Doctoral Programme in Education Sciences

Doctoral Programme in History and the Arts

Doctoral Programme in Language, Text and Context

Doctoral Programme in Legal Sciences

Doctoral Programme in Migration Studies

Doctoral Programme in Philosophy

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Doctoral Programme in Women´s Studies, Gender Practices and Discourses

Doctoral School in Science, Technology and Engineering (EDCTI)

Doctoral Programme in Biogeochemical Fluid Dynamics and its Applications

Doctoral Programme in Chemistry

Doctoral Programme in Civil Engineering

Doctoral Programme in Earth Sciences

Doctoral Programme in Fundamental and Systems Biology

Doctoral Programme in Information and Communication Technologies

Doctoral Programme in Mathematical and Applied Statistics

Doctoral Programme in Mathematics

Doctoral Programme in Physics and Mathematics

Doctoral Programme in Physics and Space Sciences

General entry requirements

Generally speaking, in order to apply to a doctoral programme at the University of Granada you must hold a bachelor’s degree issued in Spain or an equivalent qualification issued abroad, as well as a master’s degree.

Foreign applicants must hold a degree issued in accordance with their national education system, but do not require official recognition of their qualifications (in Spanish: homologación de títulos extranjeros) by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, provided the degree proves a level of training which is equivalent to that of an official master’s degree (postgraduate level) in Spain and entitles you to enrol on a doctoral programme in the country in which it was issued.

Please note that before applying online you must first consult the specific entry requirements on the webpage of the doctoral programme in which you are interested.. 

For comprehensive information on entry requirements for doctoral programmes at the UGR please visit: 

International School for Postgraduate Studies: Entry requirements

For information on how to complete the online self-registration process please download this PDF:

Online registration in doctoral programmes 2020-2021

When can I apply?

The application period for UGR doctoral programmes typically runs between July and October every year, while an extraordinary application period (for vacant places on programmes) normally runs from January to February every year. Please note that the 2020-2021 academic calendar still has to be ratified by the Governing Council and, accordingly, the following dates may be subject to modification.

Regular application period 2020-2021

* The deadline is 24:00 (midnight) Spanish time (GMT+2)

Extraordinary application period 2020-2021

Please note that applications submitted during the extraordinary application period will only be accepted if there are vacant places remaining on the doctoral programme in question.

Please visit the website of the International School for Postgraduate Studies for further information on the UGR’s doctoral programmes: International School for Postgraduate Studies

Contact information

Important notice regarding our Covid-19 protocols:

For information related to Covid-19 protocols at the UGR, including communiqués, advice and practical information, please visit: Covid-19 Action Plan at the UGR

You can find extensive information on a wide range of topics related to studying and living in Granada in the following guides:

Guide for International Researchers  (available in English and Spanish)

Information for our partner universities   

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Doctorate and PhD programmes in Madrid

Find out about our doctorates and phds in madrid. take the next step in your academic and research career..

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Programa de Doctorado Interuniversitario en Innovación Socioeducativa

Programa de doctorado interuniversitario en intervención psicológica, programa de doctorado en actividad física y deporte, programa de doctorado en biomedicina y ciencias de la salud, programa de doctorado en ingeniería de control y sistemas inteligentes para la salud y el medioambiente, programa de doctorado en ingeniería de instrumentación industrial aplicada a transporte inteligente y energía sostenible, programa de doctorado en medicina y cirugía.

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Study your PhD in Madrid with us and start a successful research career. Throughout your studies, we will provide you with the resources and technological tools necessary so that you can study your area of knowledge in depth and approach your research work in an innovative way. Our faculty made up of Doctors and multidisciplinary experts will help you every step of the way. All this, in an international environment. Move your research career forward and study your Doctorate at the Universidad Europea de Madrid .

Universidad Europea is a first-class university in Spain that offers an extensive educational offer of Higher-Level Technical Degrees , Undergraduate, Postgraduate, Doctorates and Expert Courses. And not only that, but it also includes different areas of knowledge, such as: Communication and Marketing, International Relations, Health Sciences, Engineering, Sports and Business. In addition, we know how important flexibility is for our students, in order to combine their studies with their professional and personal lives. Therefore, they can choose between different study formats: face-to-face, online or Hyflex (face-to-face and virtual). Whatever option you choose, we make no compromise on quality, and you will receive the best educational experience possible. Check out the portfolio and get in touch with us.

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• Hispanic Studies
• College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences

Ph.D. in Spanish with a Concentration in Linguistics or Literature (FACE-TO-FACE)

Department of Hispanic Studies University of Houston 3553 Cullen Boulevard, Room 416 Houston, TX 77204-3062 713.743.3007 Contact Us

The Department of Hispanic Studies is at the forefront of research and teaching of Hispanic literature and Spanish linguistics. Our offering in Hispanic literature and Hispanic linguistics now encompasses the literatures written throughout the Americas and Spain. Given Houston’s location, as well as Arte Público Press and the Recovering the U.S. Hispanic Literary Project at UH, our Ph.D. program offers an optimal environment in which to achieve excellence.

For more information about the course work, expectations and the progression of the PhD program please see the PhD Students Handbook.

General Requirements

Minimum requirements for unconditional admission to the ph.d. in spanish.

• A completed M.A. degree in Spanish,or its equivalent
• Hispanic literature of the United States
• Latin American literature through Modernism
• Latin American literature since Modernism
• Peninsular literature through the XVII century
• Peninsular literature, centuries XVIII through XX
• Formal linguistics
• Applied linguistics
• Sociolinguistics
• Completed online application through CollegeNet   [all required documents are to be directly uploaded to your account during the application process. Please prepare them beforehand. Official individual mark sheets in certain countries, transcripts, and degree certificates must be sent directly to the Graduate school and to the Graduate Admissions Advisor in Hispanic Studies at the addresses included below]
• A statement of research in Spanish (between 1000 and 1500 words) explaining your academic interests and projects (see this link to find the guidelines you must follow for writing your  statement ).
• Three letters of recommendation from the applicant’s professors detailing the potential of the applicant at the Ph.D. level (sent directly by recommenders via CollegeNet)
• Writing sample (Graded)
• Transcripts that are not in English must be sent along with an official translation made by a certified interpreter .
• Please see the Graduate School guidelines for transcripts and diploma verification

Additional Requirements for International Students

• Certified copy of diploma: besides official transcripts and their translation, international students must send a copy of their graduation diploma. If the document is not in English, an official translation made by a certified interpreter must be attached. The diploma must be sent to the University of Houston Graduate School (102 E. Cullen Building Houston, Texas 77204-2012).
• TOEFL: Test of English as a Foreign Language: A score of at least 79 on the (international students only, unless they have earned a college degree from an American university)
• Duolingo English Test for English proficiency exams. The exam costs $49 (USD) and may be taken from any computer that has a camera, audio and reliable internet. The exam portion of the Duolingo English Test contains a series of speaking, reading, writing and listening exercises. Following the exam, there will be an interview portion that will ask you to respond to various prompts in 30 to 90 seconds. The exam will take about 45 minutes to complete and you will need either a passport, driver license, or national or state ID to show the camera. The score results are generally received within a few days of exam completion. A minimum score of 105 is required.

For information on the TOEFL visit the Educational Testing Service web site . (UH Code: 6870)

IMPORTANT: ALL APPLICATIONS MUST BE COMPLETE BY JANUARY 15th (INCLUDING TRANSCRIPTS AND EXAM RESULTS TOEFL) IN ORDER TO BE CONSIDERED FOR FUNDING. INCOMPLETE DOSSIERS WILL NOT COMPETE FOR SCHOLARSHIPS . Click here to download the Spanish PhD application checklist

Once admitted to the program

• No course in which a grade below B- (2.67) is received may count towards Ph.D. degree.
• A minimum grade point average of 3.0 (B) for all graduate courses attempted is required for a graduate degree; failure to maintain this average will result in a warning, probation, or suspension.
• Qualifying written and oral examinations are required to obtain admission to candidacy
• The student must develop a dissertation on a topic in literature which can be considered to be original and of significance to scholarship.
• Four college semesters at the undergraduate level (or equivalent proficiency as demonstrated by testing) in another Romance language.
• Reading knowledge of Latin or any other approved language, as demonstrated either by satisfactory scores on the Educational Testing Service examinations for that language, or the completion of two semesters of graduate reading courses in the language chosen with a grade of B- or higher.

Application Fees

Fees payable by check, money order or online (Credit Card) with application

• Total cost, $50
• Payable to University of Houston
• Total cost, $80
• The Spanish PhD Program only has admissions for the Fall semester.
• All documents and information must be uploaded through CollegeNet and/or sent to the University of Houston by January 15 th

For applications and advisement, please write, call, or e-mail:

Dr. Paola Arboleda-Ríos, Interim Graduate Director, at [email protected]

* Phone interviews will be conducted after application file is reviewed.

Spanish Language and Literature Ph.D.

The Ph.D. is primarily a research and specialization degree, culminating in the writing of a dissertation.

Quick Links

• Spanish Program Home
• Spanish Graduate Programs
• Spanish Ph.D. Dissertation Abstracts
• Spanish Language and Literature M.A.
• Hispanic Applied Linguistics M.A. 
• Spanish Program Graduate Funding

Our graduate programs include a Ph. D degree with specializations in both Spanish and Latin American Literature and Culture. Our Ph.D. students are mentored by our faculty, engage in substantive research projects, and benefit from rigorous teaching training. We offer courses that cover most geographical areas and time periods and guide students through relevant theoretical and methodological developments. Courses are complemented with lecture series and events that enrich our students’ intellectual and life experiences.

To be considered for admission applicants must:

• Have earned an M.A. degree or have equivalent training;
• Submit a paper in Spanish produced at the M.A. level;
• Submit a statement of purpose;
• Submit three letters of recommendation from academic references;

In addition, non-native speakers of English are required to take the TOEFL examination prior to admittance. Candidates must meet the minimum TOEFL standards established by the University of Maryland Graduate School (score of 100). For information students should contact the SLLC graduate coordinator.

Students on the "short list" may be interviewed by the graduate director in person or by phone.

Prior to admission to candidacy the student must demonstrate/fulfill the following:

• A thorough knowledge of the literary and cultural production in the main area of study;
• An in-depth knowledge of research tendencies in the field of specialization;
• At least two courses in the secondary area;
• A graduate course in the History of the Spanish Language;
• A minimum of one course in literary theory and/or criticism;
• A total of 30 credits of coursework (in very exceptional cases, fewer);
• Reading proficiency in a third language other than Spanish or English, appropriate to the student's field of study.

What do I need to apply?

To be considered for admission applicants must submit:

• Online application
• Application fee $75 -> Information about fee waiver
• Official transcripts of an M.A. degree or equivalent training.
• A paper in Spanish produced at the M.A. level.
• A statement of purpose.
• Three letters of recommendation from academic references.
• Non-native speakers of English are required to take the TOEFL examination prior to admittance. Candidates must meet the minimum TOEFL standards established by the University of Maryland Graduate School (score of 100). For information students should contact the SLLC graduate coordinator. Apply here Step-by-Step Guide to Applying English Language Proficiency Requirements for International Students **Due to deferrals, graduation delays during pandemic and reductions in available funding, admissions to our graduate programs will be more competitive for Fall 2021. Applicants should note that we are an affirmative action department and that we remain especially interested in recruiting strong African American, Hispanic American, and Native American students to our Ph.D. and M.A. programs. 

Qualifying Examination: Procedures and Evaluation

Students who obtained their M.A. at another institution must take a qualifying examination after their first semester in the Ph.D. program. The goal of the exam is to ensure that students have both the specific field knowledge and the theoretical and/or critical background to continue in the program.

A student must declare her/his intention to take the qualifying examination in writing to the director of graduate Studies at least 60 days prior to the examination date, and at this time s/he should select the areas or fields and faculty advisor with whom s/he wants to work in preparation for the qualifying. The exam will be given every January, before the beginning of the spring semester. A committee consisting of two department faculty members (including the advisor) will meet to evaluate the examination and discuss the student's overall progress in the Ph.D. program. Written notification of the results will be sent to the student within one month of completing the exam. In the event that the student does not pass the exam, her/his advisor and the director of graduate studies may recommend that the student retake the examination in May. If a student does not pass the retake exam, s/he will not be allowed to continue in the Ph.D. program.

The examination is based on a list of 10 primary texts in the fields of Latin American and/or Spanish literature chosen by the student in consultation with her/his faculty advisor. The list of 10 books should focus on the student’s specific area of interest, as the purpose of the exam is to evaluate a student’s reading and writing skills as s/he continues to pursue a doctoral degree. The director of graduate studies must receive and approve the list of 10 texts as soon as the decision is made. Once the list is approved by the DGS, the student will have a maximum of 10 business days to select five (5) books from the list of 10 primary texts to prepare for the exam and inform the DGS and her/his faculty advisor of her/his decision. The DGS will then, in consultation with the student, establish the exact date of the examination in January (or May in the event of a retake).

The examination will be formulated by the faculty advisor and will include the following: (a) a close reading of a passage of no more than 500 words from one (1) book from the student’s list of five, which would lead to (b) an extrapolation to a wider set of ideas pertaining to the whole book and/or to the five (5) books selected. The student will receive the examination question by hand at the time of the exam and will have 4 hours to answer it in a room on a computer provided by the department with no internet access. The exam will be written in Spanish, with the exception of English for students who are specialized in U.S. Latina/o Studies. No notes or bibliography may be consulted, although a bilingual dictionary may be used.

The exam will be proctored by the Director of Graduate Studies or the SLLC Graduate Coordinator.

Route to Ph.D. Candidacy

After Ph.D. coursework has been completed, students proceed through a pre-candidacy stage consisting of three components: the comprehensive examination, the language reading (or “translation”) exam and the dissertation proposal and defense. Following successful completion of these three elements, students are advanced to candidacy and are considered “ABD” (all but dissertation). 

Comprehensive Examination  The comprehensive examination consists of three essays written over a span of three weeks. The essays are based on the courses a student has taken and on reading lists tailored to his or her sub-fields of focus (two in the main area and one in the secondary area). The three reading lists are created in consultation with faculty specialists in the areas of examination.

The comprehensive examination is offered three times per year, in January, May and August. On three consecutive Mondays, the student will receive a question to be answered in essay form, each related to a particular sub-field. These essays will be due by 3:00 p.m. on the Thursday of each respective week.

Sixty days prior to the desired examination start date, the candidate must inform the director of graduate studies as well as the professor assigned to administer the exam of his/her intention to sit for the examination. This notification should be submitted in writing, outlining the areas and sub-fields in which the student will be examined.

Exams will be evaluated by a committee consisting of two faculty members per subfield.  Where appropriate, and in only one instance per student, the same faculty member may be called upon to evaluate two of the essays.

In the case of an unsuccessful examination, the student’s Ph.D. advisor and the director of graduate studies may recommend that the student sit a second time for the comprehensive examination. Continuation in the Ph.D. program depends on the successful outcome of any second attempt.

Language Reading (“Translation”) Examination                                                         This examination consists of a “for sense” translation from a third language into English or Spanish. The topic of the text will be related to the student's field of specialization. The choice of the language will be determined by its usefulness as a tool for the student's dissertation research. This exam may be repeated once. The student will choose a book or a long article together with a professor qualified to evaluate the third language (the examiner) and then notify the DGS of when the exam is to take place. The examiner will select a passage from the book or long article, which must be between 1,000 and 1,500 words. The examiner must submit the passage to the DGS for review at least two weeks prior to the exam. The student will have three hours to complete the exam, which will take place on campus and be proctored. Please note that only a printed dictionary (not an electronic source) is allowed to assist with the translation exam. For your information, please note that professors Igel and Lima are authorized to conduct examinations in Portuguese; and professors Naharro and Benito-Vessels are authorized to conduct examinations in French. Any questions about who is qualified to conduct the exam should be directed to the DGS. Please note also that dissertation advisors are not allowed to administer exams to their advisees. The examiner evaluates the exam and communicates the result directly to the DGS, who will then advise the student. The reading exam can be taken at any point prior to advancement to candidacy. 

Dissertation Proposal and Defense The final stage of the pre-candidacy period is focused on preparation for the writing of the dissertation. In consultation with an advisory committee consisting of the dissertation director and three members of the faculty, the student will write a dissertation proposal that aims to give a clear sense of the intended corpus of study, intellectual aims and methodology. The proposal should include a review of the literature, an outline of projected chapters and a selected bibliography. Proposals should be about 25-30 pages in length and are expected to be completed within four months to one year after the comprehensive examination.

The advisory committee and the candidate will then convene for the defense of the proposal. All faculty in the department are welcome to attend the defense.

The Dissertation

As stated previously, the Ph.D. is essentially a research degree. This means that coursework taken for the Ph.D. is intended as a preparation for the dissertation. It is therefore of the utmost importance that the student identify his/her field of interest as soon as possible. Early in the first semester, students should consult with one or more professors and explore the research possibilities in the field, period, genre, author(s) of his/her particular interest and select an academic advisor accordingly.

Dissertation Defense

When the candidate has completed the dissertation, the director of graduate studies notifies the Graduate School of its completion. The dean of the Graduate School, upon the recommendation of the director of graduate studies, appoints an examining committee for the candidate. This examining committee will include four members of the department and one member from another academic unit who acts as the graduate dean's representative. The committee will be chaired by the dissertation director.

All members of the examining committee will read the dissertation in its final form and take part in an oral examination in which the candidate defends his/her findings. Copies of the dissertation must be given to members of the examining committee at least 10 days before the date set for the oral examination. The Graduate School has established procedures for the dissertation examination. For details on these and all other aspects regarding the dissertation, please see the Thesis and Dissertation Forms and Guidelines. In addition, the student must provide the department with one copy of the final version of his/her dissertation.

Students are expected to defend the dissertation within 4 years of advancing to candidacy.  The director of graduate studies may approve an extension of up to one year in cases of extenuating circumstances.

Application for Graduation

Students must apply for a graduate diploma early in the semester in which they intend to receive their degree. Deadlines are published in the Schedule of Classes.

Note: Once students are done they MUST file an EXIT form with the Graduate School and, if applicable, an address change form.

Graduate Student Handbook

The purpose of the Graduate Student Handbook is to aid you in understanding the context of graduate education at UMD. The goal is to provide you with resources, information, practices, and policies that will help you in navigating the graduate experience. 

Teaching Handbook

The  Teaching Handbook is intended to familiarize graduate students with the procedures, policies, and expectations in teaching, research and administrative environments as an integral part of their education. 

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• Programme of study

Academic team

Call for applications, request access, doctoral programme in humanities and communication.

The doctoral programme in Humanities and Communication trains students to research the social change phenomena that can be found in social practice and ideology. By studying new forms of social interaction, communication and artistic expression, our aim is to broaden our understanding of phenomena such as globalization, neocolonialism, inequalities, social movements and appropriation of technological innovations. This doctoral programme fosters an interdisciplinary, international approach to the study of these phenomena, which is also mirrored in the structure of the programme's research groups.

The faculty members who take part in this programme are aware that the knowledge created and access to it are inextricably linked with the way society is organized and power exercised, which inevitably makes these factors scenarios for conflict and inequality. Accordingly, our goal is to make available open, accessible formats and procedures for knowledge dissemination that help build...

The faculty members who take part in this programme are aware that the knowledge created and access to it are inextricably linked with the way society is organized and power exercised, which inevitably makes these factors scenarios for conflict and inequality. Accordingly, our goal is to make available open, accessible formats and procedures for knowledge dissemination that help build a fairer and more sustainable world. In particular, we endorse and aspire to developing the concepts of open science, data commons and data sharing.

In a more specific sense, this doctoral programme aspires to train professionals endowed with a global, interdisciplinary, critical vision who will work in or influence the fields of culture and communication, understood as spheres for creation, public participation and economic production. The Doctoral School and the doctoral programme are equally dedicated to furthering the UOC's strategic goals. As such, they work to train global citizens and professionals, foster transdisciplinary outlooks and open knowledge with everyone and for everyone, and create environments that stimulate knowledge co-creation with other social agents with the goal of enhancing its impact. This programme's faculty also shares the transformational goals that are expressed in the sustainable development strategy. In general terms, before we can guarantee access to ownership of resources and technologies and foster resilience, we must understand the culture and social practices behind the contexts in which poverty and exclusion must be addressed. Thus, a large part of the research carried out by the participating groups focuses on subject areas associated with gender equality and fostering social and political inclusion, regardless of differences in age, gender, sexuality, disability, race, ethnic group, origin, religion, economic situation or any other condition. Mobility and migrations, along with the interest in protecting and safeguarding cultural heritage, are also topics shared by a large proportion of the research groups.

Learning to research

The UOC Doctoral School and this programme in Humanities and Communication offer students the possibility of taking part in the University's research groups and projects in the fields of humanities, social sciences and communication science. Working with the UOC's researchers, students acquire a global vision of the different fields of research related with their own research subject. And by assisting researchers in data collection and analysis and later in disseminating the results, students acquire the practical expertise of professional researchers. These research groups often work in collaboration with faculty members from the areas of linguistics, communication, literary studies, philosophy, history, sociology, anthropology and art. In general terms, the research projects apply a constructivist approach and preference is given to interpretative, hermeneutic and qualitative methods.

Competencies

The doctoral programme develops the following basic competencies (as per Spain's Royal Decrees RD 99/2011 and RD 576/2023):

C1. Systematic understanding of a field of study and mastery of the research skills and methods related to this field.

C2. Conceiving, designing or creating, putting into practice and adopting a substantial research or creation process.

C3. Contributing to expanding the frontiers of knowledge through original research.

C4. Developing a critical analysis and assessment and synthesizing new and complex ideas.

C5. Communicating with the academic and scientific community and with society in general regarding the student's areas of knowledge, employing the formats and languages habitually used in their international scientific community.

C6. Fostering scientific, technological, social, artistic or cultural progress in a knowledge-based society, in academic and professional settings.

C7. Fostering open science and citizen science (in accordance with Article 12 of Spain's Organic Law 2/2023, of 22 March) so as to contribute to the status of scientific knowledge as a common good, with assessment of the doctoral student's performance of interdisciplinary activities relating to the different aspects of open science and citizen science, and the development of skills in both disciplines through microcredentials or similar.

Admission profiles

The PhD programme in Humanities and Communication is for people who have university qualifications in any arts or social sciences discipline and are seeking to complete their understanding of their field of knowledge and make new contributions to it. This may be in terms of interpreting reality or artistic expression, ways of thinking and values, historical sequences of events or forms of intervention in art or communication.

Career opportunities

This programme seeks to develop the following social and professional profiles:

Professionals in the fields of cultural creation, production and programming: cultural facilitators, managers and programmers; creators and scriptwriters; theatre and film directors; communication and culture consultants; musealization process and memory management designers; political consultants; art, film and literary critics , etc.

Communication professionals: specialist journalists and department editors, media programmers and copywriters, content and corporate communication managers, and audiovisual media producers.

Professional critics: literary, film or art critics.

Specialist teaching and research professionals: university teaching staff, academic researchers, market researchers in culture- and art-related sectors.

Official qualification

The UOC's Doctoral Programme of Humanities and Communication is a programme that has been approved by the Spanish Universities Council, and its implementation has been authorized by the Government of Catalonia, in accordance with current legislation.

The UOC's doctoral programmes have full academic validity throughout Spain; where such is the intention, they are qualifications to perform regulated professions, in accordance with the regulations applicable in each case. 

The certificates for these programmes are issued together with a Diploma Supplement (DS), providing details of what the student studied, their results, the professional competencies obtained and the qualification's level in the Spanish higher education system; the aim of this is to facilitate recognition of the qualification and promote students' and graduates' mobility within the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). 

In other countries, the validity of the official unive...

In other countries, the validity of the official university qualifications issued by the UOC will depend on each specific country's education laws.

18 Sep 2025

Admission: March 5, 2024

Languages: English, Spanish, Catalan

Official qualification programme

Fully online method

World's first ever online university

Personalized guidance and support

According to the World University Rankings 2024, the UOC is in the top 7% of the world's leading universities.

Programme quality

The quality of this degree programme is endorsed by the Catalan University Quality Assurance Agency (AQU), which ensures that rigorous standards, including those demanded by the EHEA, are met.

AQU quality seal

Catalan University Quality Assurance Agency .

• Training supplements
• Research Courses

Itinerary and duration

• Lines of investigation

At the start of the research period of the doctoral programme, the UOC will map out a personalized learning pathway for each student taking into account his or her research skills and knowledge (particularly in terms of research methods) and research interests. This pathway may involve courses, seminars and other research training activities. If such activities are included on a student's personal learning pathway, they must be completed with a passing mark.

In order to gain the advanced training they require to complete their research project, students must complete the courses, subjects or activities that have been mapped out on their personal learning pathway during the research period of the doctoral programme.

The training offered during the organized research period comprises several training activities of varying types, durations, timings and objectives. These are structured into five blocks: methodological courses, thematic research seminars, bridging cours...

The training offered during the organized research period comprises several training activities of varying types, durations, timings and objectives. These are structured into five blocks: methodological courses, thematic research seminars, bridging courses, complementary research-oriented training activities and a doctoral research seminar. Some of these training activities, such as those that make up the methodological courses, thematic research seminars and the doctoral research seminar, are divided into two areas: the information and knowledge society, and network and information technologies.

Table summarizing the training blocks offered during the organized research period:

1Activities aimed at full-time doctoral students studying on-site. The inclusion of courses, seminars and activities on students' learning pathways will depend on their prior research training and experience, as well as on the specific field or subject addressed in their research project.

Bridging courses

Students' learning pathways may include bridging courses. These bridging courses are based on the specific training needs associated with the entry requirements and are assigned by the Doctoral Degree Academic Committee.

Research Design in Social Sciences

The Research Design in Social Sciences course lasts one semester and is taught in English using the UOC's usual e-learning process. It provides advanced training in research methodology in some of the fields in which the research project is being conducted.

This course is compulsory. All students must enrol on it and pass it during the first semester. In special cases, the doctoral programme's Academic Committee may exempt students from taking it when, during the admission period, they submit proof of having completed this training beforehand and have already finished their thesis plan.

If, for example, the student does not have the required B2 level of Englis...

If, for example, the student does not have the required B2 level of English, they will be required to study the courses offered by the UOC's Centre for Modern Languages: English B2.1. and English B2.2.

In any event, to complete the doctoral studies, we recommend that students achieve a C1 level of English, which can also be achieved through the English C1.1 and English C1.2 courses.

Students' learning pathways may include optional courses. The decision to include courses of this type is made by the doctoral programme's Academic Committee based on the specific training needs as per the admission requirements. This may include courses from the University's master's degrees, especially for students from outside the European Higher Education Area. If included, students must complete them with a passing mark during the first academic year of their doctoral programme.

The Interdisciplinary Analysis of the Network Society course, taught by professor Manuel Castells, provides particularly useful information for the data analysis stage of research, which is why we recommend that students wait until the 4th semester of their doctoral programme to take it.

Research, transfer and entrepreneurship courses

The UOC also offers research, transfer and entrepreneurship courses in English aimed at students, researchers and faculty to foster  research in scientific, academic and business fields .

Research, transfer and entrepreneurship courses can be recognized as free elective credits on bachelor's degree courses. If you are studying a doctoral degree at any university and have obtained a competitive grant, you can also study it as part of your training resources.

You can check all the courses in the website:  https://studies.uoc.edu/en/doctoral-programmes

Research seminar

Throughout the organized research period, students are expected to participate actively in the doctoral research seminar, whether on-site (if they are studying full-time) or online.

The aim of the doctoral research seminar is for doctoral students, professors and other UOC researchers to come together to discuss research projects (whether in progress or completed). Visiting lecturers and other invited experts will also give presentations on subjects of interest to the students.

Academic participation activities

This concept includes participation in all types of activities typically carried out by professional scientists and considered inherent to researcher training. These include presenting papers at conferences, going on research stays, publishing scientific articles and organizing academic activities. Presenting papers at conferences and publishing scientific articles during the doctoral programme are considered compulsory.

The maximum duration of studies will be four years for full-time students and seven years for part-time students, counted from the date of admission to the programme until the doctoral thesis is presented. This period does not include maternity or paternity leave, or any long-term sick leave deemed necessary by the Academic Committee.

The Academic Committee may authorize the extension of these periods, subject to the legally stipulated maximum periods, in specific circumstances defined for each doctoral programme.

After enrolling in the programme, each doctoral student will be given a personalized activity document. This document specifies all the activities set by the Academic Committee for the doctoral student's development.

By the end of the first year, doctoral students must write a research plan that includes the methodology to be used and objectives to be pursued, as well as the means and timetable for completing the thesis.

The Academic Committee will conduct an annual assessment of each doctoral student's research plan and activity document, which will be considered together with reports from the tutor and thesis supervisor. This research plan must receive a positive assessment for the doctoral student to continue in the programme.

Over the course of the programme, each doctoral student must successfully complete the specific training activity (basic, thematic and methodological seminars) stipulated in his/her personalized pathway. In the first year of the programme, doctoral students must also write a research plan and have it approved.

Activities in face-to-face teaching mode

Activities in distance teaching mode

Research lines

Doctoral school management, program direction, academic committee, thesis directors team.

PhD in Computer Engineering (UAB). He teaches courses on artificial intelligence, infographic, computer vision and business intelligence. He is currently the director of the UOC Doctoral School. His research focuses on the study of computer vision algorithms dedicated to the analysis of human behaviour, facial perception and object and scene recognition.

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Aida Sanchez

Carles prado fonts, cristina pujol ozonas, daniel aranda juarez, elisenda ardèvol piera, ignasi gozalo salellas, marina garcés mascareñas.

Alvaro Calero Pons

Agnès Vayreda Duran

Alba colombo vilarrasa, alexandre lopez borrull, amalia susana creus, antoni roig telo, begonya enguix grau, david martínez robles, diana roig sanz, eduard aibar puentes, efrain foglia romero, elisenda estanyol casals, ferran lalueza bosch, gemma san cornelio esquerdo, glòria munilla cabrillana, isaac gonzález balletbó, jaume claret miranda, joan fuster sobrepere.

Ph.D. in History from Pompeu Fabra University, graduate in Philosophy and Arts (History) from the Autonomous University of Barcelona and postgraduate in Executive Management of Artistic and Cultural Institutions, and Executive Management of Services Marketing from ESADE. He is currently Dean of the UOC's Faculty of Arts and Humanities, where he has been an associate professor since 2001. He is a member of the Parliamentary History Group, a consolidated research group at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, and has been academic director of the Menéndez Pelayo International University's centre in Barcelona since 2007.

Joan Pujolar Cos

Joana maria pujadas mora, judith clares gavilan, lluc massaguer busqueta, marc gil garrusta, maria candela ollé castellà, maria iñigo clavo, marta coll-florit, mireia montaña blasco.

PhD in Communication. Member of the Faculty of Information and Communication Sciences, and academic director of the Master's Degree in Strategy and Creativity in Advertising.

My research activity focuses on the impact that the media have on people's well-being, particularly among the more vulnerable population groups: children, young people and the elderly. My main research interests lie in new media practices, media consumption and the influence of persuasive communication on people. I have studied the relationship between advertisements of hedonistic, low nutritional quality food and the consequences in children.

Since 2013, I have been a member of the Learning, Media and Entertainment (GAME) research group at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. 

In 2019 I was a visiting scholar at Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, KU Leuven in Belgium.

Natàlia Cantó Milà

Neus rotger cerdà, nicolás barbieri muttis, ona domènech bagaria, roger canadell rusiñol, roger martínez sanmartí, salvador climent roca, sandra sanz martos, silvia martinez martinez, silvia sivera bello, teresa iribarren donadeu, more than 25 years' experience in e-learning.

In 1995 the UOC was launched as the world's first fully online university . More than 25 years later, we are still pioneers in digital education.

Our eLearning Innovation Center oversees the evolution of our educational model, to ensure unique, high-quality, connected and networked learning experiences.

Times Higher Education

According to the Young University Rankings, published by Times Higher Education, we are sixth best in Spain.

Shanghai Ranking

We are among the world's top 150 universities for communication and the top 200 for education.

U-Multirank

Excellent ratings in knowledge transfer, regional engagement, and teaching and learning.

Access requirements

Admission requirements

• Access documentation

Evaluation criteria

General requirements.

In order to be eligible for the doctoral programme, the candidate must meet the general requirements of the UOC and the specific requirements of the programme.

First, you must prove that you are in one of the following cases:

• Hold an official Spanish undergraduate degree, or equivalent, and a university master's degree, or equivalent, and have passed at least 300 ECTS credits in all of these two courses.
• Hold an official Spanish university degree, corresponding to previous university teaching regulations, and have passed a minimum of 300 ECTS credits in all official university studies, of which at least 60 must be at master's level.
• Holding an official university degree from a country that is part of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) that enables access to official master's degrees, and having passed a minimum of 300 ECTS credits in all official university studies, of which at least 60 must be at master's level.
• Hold an official Spanish undergraduate degree, whose duration, in accordance with EU law, is at least 300 ECTS credits. In this case, the student must take the specific training components on a mandatory basis, unless the corresponding doctoral programme includes research training credits, equivalent in formative value to the research credits from master's degree studies.
• To have an official university degree in which, after having obtained a training place in the corresponding test of access to specialised health training places, you have passed with a positive evaluation at least two years of training of a program to obtain the official title of any of the specialties of health sciences.
• Holding an official university degree from a country outside the EHEA, without the need for homologation, after verifying that the level of training is equivalent to that of the official university master's degrees and that it empowers the issuing country of the degree to access doctoral studies.
• Hold a Spanish phD degree obtained in accordance with previous university regulations.
• Be a graduate, architect or engineer and be in possession of the diploma of advanced studies, obtained in a way provided for in Royal Decree 778/1998, of 30 April, or have achieved the research proficiency regulated in Royal Decree 185/1985, of 23 January.
• Hold an official university degree that has obtained correspondence with level three of the Spanish Qualifications Framework for Higher Education (MECES), in accordance with the procedure established in Royal Decree 967/2014, of 21 November, establishing the requirements and procedure for homologating and declaring equivalence with regard to the official university degree and academic level and to validate foreign studies of higher education.  and the procedure to determine the correspondence with the levels of the MECES of the official titles of architect, engineer, graduate, technical architect, technical engineer and diploma.

If the candidate has not passed the research initiation credits in a university master's degree, they must take the bridging courses determined by each programme, if applicable.

If the candidate is only in possession of an official undergraduate degree that, in accordance with the rules of COMMUNITY law, has a duration of 300 ECTS credits, or has not taken and passed a minimum of credits of initiation to research in a university master's degree, their permanence in the doctoral programme is subject to the passing of the bridging courses that correspond to the module,  the itinerary or the subjects of initiation to the search of the corresponding formative period.

The vehicular language of the programme is English, so another access requirement will be to demonstrate a level equivalent to B2 or high intermediate level of user independent of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. If you do not have an English level accreditation, it will be assessed by the Selection and Monitoring Committee in the course of the interview.

According to Decree 822/202, of September 28, students with a disability equal to 33% or more have a reservation of 5% of the places.

In addition to the general and additional requirements established by the University itself, the Doctoral Programme in Humanities and Communication establishes the following specific requirements:

• If you're not a citizen of an English-speaking country, you must provide proof of a level of English equal to or higher than B2 in accordance with the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR).
• If you have attended school or have completed a bachelor's or master's degree (or equivalent qualification with regards to enrolment in the doctorate programme) in English in a country where English is an official language, you will be deemed to have an equivalent level to the one required.
• You may also demonstrate your linguistic competency in English by means of another official certificate that proves you have a level equivalent to or higher than the one required. You can consult this equivalency table to see examples of certificates t...
• You may also demonstrate your linguistic competency in English by means of another official certificate that proves you have a level equivalent to or higher than the one required. You can consult this equivalency table to see examples of certificates that correspond to these levels.

Candidates for the doctoral programme who do not reach the required level will be given the opportunity to access the doctoral programme with a B1 level if they undertake to attain a B2 level before completing the research plan at the end of the first year. According to regulations, if the student does not attain this level, the research plan cannot be approved.

The UOC's Centre for Modern Languages offers English courses to attain the minimum level required for admission into the different doctoral programmes.

The UOC offers an online English language proficiency test, which can be accessed via this link, to accredit your knowledge of English. A score of between 72 and 94 accredits a level corresponding to B2 as defined by the CEFR. When taking this test, you must specify the code that corresponds to the UOC (Universitat Oberta de Catalunya): 4418. This code does not exempt the student from paying the corresponding exam cost and fees.

If you apply for a UOC grant, you must accredit a level equal to or higher than B2 from the time of application. For other grants, financial aid or research contracts, please consult the terms and conditions and requirements for each case (level of English and part-time or full-time format).

Admission documents

If you apply for admission to the UOC's Doctoral Programme in Humanities and Communication, you must submit the following documentation:

- A photocopy of your DNI, NIE or passport.

- A letter of motivation/presentation in which the candidate makes a brief presentation of his/her career as well as the specific motivations that underpin his/her application, a description of his/her research interests, as well as a brief concrete research proposal (maximum 5 pages) and prepared with the future research group or thesis supervisor that must host it.

- A letter of endorsement from a UOC professor or researcher who is a doctor in which he/she explains his/her interest in the project and in eventually directing the student's doctoral thesis, which must be identified by name and surname

- Curriculum vitae stating the master's or postgraduate programmes and courses taken related to the research interests expressed in the motivation letter and, where appropriate, the previous scientific production.

- Example of a recent academic work (in Catalan, Spanish or English).

- Academic certificates corresponding to the previous studies to the doctorate, where they contain the subjects taken and the qualification obtained, the call, the type of subject, the number of credits, as well as the average grade of the academic record, if they have not provided them to prove compliance with the access requirements.

When degree, bachelor or master's degree certificates are provided that do not mention the average of grades out of 4, the standardized spreadsheet where the median saying is calculated.

- Certification proving the level of English required by the doctoral programme.

- The documentation that certifies compliance with the access requirements. You will find more information in the section corresponding to the space: Procedures/Requirements and documentation of access of the Campus. 

In the case of university degrees obtained in higher education systems outside the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) and not homologated, it is necessary to authentication of the university degree through diplomatic channels (or, where appropriate, through the Hague Convention Apostillary). When the certificates, qualifications and academic records are not written in an official language of The Spanish State or in English, it is necessary to accompany the documentation with the sworn translation into Catalan, Spanish or English. Failure to submit this documentation or the fact that the data it contains does not match what has been exposed in the application may result in the non-admission to the doctoral programme.

Once the access documentation has been reviewed and your application accepted, admission to the doctoral programme is conditional on the presentation of the official documentation. 

Applying for admission to the doctoral programme or for the doctoral grants programme are two separate things, but both processes use the same registration form. Applications for admission to the programme are assessed using the criteria established in the doctoral programme's official specifications, as published both in the Spanish Government's Official Gazette and on the UOC's website. Whereas applications for the grants programme are assessed using the criteria established in the call for applications, and each programme assesses the applications taking into account specific criteria to classify them.

Nevertheless, both processes use the same rubric. This table has the rubric and a description of how the Humanities and Communication doctoral programme's Academic Committee processes the applications.

1 December 2023 : Start of the call for applications for access and admission to doctoral programmes.

12 February 2024:  End of the call for applications for access and admission to doctoral programmes.

19 February 2024: Publication of the provisional lists of applications to be assessed. The lists will be published on the Doctoral School website .

19 February to 26 February 2024 : Period for appeals of the applications to be evaluated.

29 February 2024: Publication of the final lists of applications to be assessed. The lists will be published on the  Doctoral School website .

** The publication of the final lists of applications to be assessed will be published on 14 March.

6 May 2024:  Publication of the provisional resolution on the accepted online and granted candidates. The lists will be published on the  Doctoral School website .

6 May to 16 May 2024:  Period for appeals of the selection of online and granted candidates.

27 May 2024: Publication of the final resolution on the candidates admitted to the doctoral programmes and those who are granted. The lists will be published on the  Doctoral School website .

July 2024:  Start of the enrolment period 2024-25.

September 2024 : Start of the academic year 2024-25.

Apply for the Welcome and Information Service

Apply for the Welcome and Information Service is a free, no-obligation procedure that provides you with a user name and password that will allow you to enter the UOC's Virtual Campus, from where you will be able to:

1.    Contact experts who will help you settle any doubts you may have about applying. 2.    Consult the Campus Secretary's Office for information about the programme of studies, enrolment prices, documentation, etc.

Before requesting access, check that you meet the requirements for the programme you want to be admitted to.

Access form

On the access form, you must give your personal details and the educational level you have attained.

Access Documentation

You will find a list of the documentation you need when you request access and can consult the Campus Secretary's Office.

If you are eligible for any of the discounts stated in the Price Decree, you will have to submit the appropriate documentation, following the instructions given by the virtual Secretary's Office.

Access the Campus and contact the researcher

Virtual campus

After you have requested access, you will receive a user name and password that will allow you to access the Virtual Campus, where you will find all the information and resources you may need.

You will find the information to contact the lead researcher in the "research lines" section. The researcher can provide support for preparing your application and will be your sponsor, if he or she agrees. Once you have been admitted to the programme, he or she will advise and guide you in choosing courses, in accordance with your prior academic background, your interests and the amount of time you have.

Virtual Secretary's Office

There is a  Procedure  on the Campus where you can consult and manage all academic matters, such as viewing the programme of studies, payment options or the discounts available. 

Apply for admission

You can complete the admission form the virtual campus  Procedures / Doctoral programme admission documentation , where you will have to give your academic details, whether you want to apply for a grant and the research line you are interested in. 

You must submit an enrolment proposal after having chosen the courses you want to follow during the semester, which your tutor will analyse so that you can complete enrolment with his or her counselling. It is a step prior to completing enrolment.

Send the digital documentation

Having completed the previous step, you must attach the documentation in the same section. You can see which documentation you must attach in the corresponding section within  Procedures / Doctoral programme admission documentation.

When you have completed all the steps, the doctoral programme's academic committee will assess the applications that have been submitted. 

If you pass the first phase of the admission process, you will receive notification confirming that you have entered the second phase and a telephone interview will be scheduled.

If you pass the second phase of the admission process, you will receive notification to confirm that you have been admitted. You will have a maximum of one month (counting from the admission notification) to confirm your acceptance of the place on the doctoral programme; if this confirmation from you is not received, you will not be admitted to the programme.

It is at this point that you will be able to complete enrolment, choosing your preferred payment option from among those available. If you are eligible for any of the discounts stated in the Price Decree, you will have to submit the appropriate documentation, following the instructions given by the virtual Secretary's Office.

Remember that once you have enrolled, you will have ten days to send the admission documentation.

The Government of Catalonia establishes the public prices for credits and other academic services charged by public universities in Catalonia and the UOC. You can consult the prices in Decree 125/2023 , of June 28th.

The fees will be those applicable when enrolment is completed. Subject to annual revisions.

This programme belongs to an academic pathway. Find out about the studies with which you can achieve your goals.

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Online Spanish Graduate Certificate

Earn your spanish graduate certificate online, turn your passion into a profession..

The Spanish Graduate Certificate supports the career advancement of professional educators by offering the graduate-level coursework required for raises, promotions, and expanded teaching opportunities. This 18-hour program is ideal for those who are already proficient in Spanish and credentialed to teach in other fields, but lack the graduate coursework required to teach dual credit Spanish high school classes or basic Spanish classes at the university level. This program is also well-suited for those who seek to improve their language proficiency through advanced language study in order to pursue professional opportunities in diverse fields such as academia, translation, non-profit leadership, international business, and diplomacy. 

We are flexible

Our program is designed to help you meet your goals while you balance your studies with life's other demands. The online format enables you to complete assignments whether you're at home, at work, or on the go. With courses available year round, educators can continue their studies during the summer without the pressures of teaching. By taking classes each semester--Fall, Spring, and Summer--you can complete the entire certificate program in as little as two academic years.

We are supportive

We understand that the key to student success is close engagement with supportive faculty. As a student in our program, you will benefit from the support of professors who share your passion for the Spanish language and are committed to helping you meet your goals. Click  here  to meet our teaching team and learn more about their areas of scholarly expertise. 

We are affordable

See our  graduate tuition rates for the current academic year.

Program Description

This online certificate program expands students’ knowledge of the Spanish language, Spanish-language literatures, and Hispanic cultures, while supporting the growth of their pedagogical expertise in the subject area and enhancing their ability to conduct advanced scholarly research in Spanish. During the course of this program, students will 

• enhance their language skills through intensive engagement with Spanish-language course content and frequent communication in Spanish;
• produce original research on topics related to Spanish-language literature and Hispanic cultures, meeting the standards of professional grade scholarship;
• develop the pedagogical expertise to incorporate subject area content into lesson plans and teaching materials; and 
• broaden their understanding and appreciation of Spanish-speaking peoples and their cultures.

Admissions Requirements

- Candidates must meet the  graduate admissions criteria  of Murray State University.

- Candidates must demonstrate proficiency in Spanish equivalent to an  ACTFL rating  of 'Advanced High' or a  CEFRrating  of 'C1' by taking the department's language proficiency test. Click  here  to go to the placement testing page, then follow the links to access the Spanish language proficiency exam.

- Candidates seeking to register in a graduate-level literature class must have completed at least 6 hours of advanced undergraduate coursework in literary studies (300-level and above or equivalent) in any language. No prior coursework in Spanish literature is required.

Apply now   

Have questions?

For more information about the certificate program, please contact Dr. Robert Fritz.

Dr. Robert Fritz

Coordinator, take the next step.

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Exciting fully funded PhD opportunities at leading universities across Europe

Are you considering pursuing a PhD study at top-ranked European universities?

We are pleased to announce a diverse range of fully funded PhD positions at leading universities across Europe, open to international students.  Use the opportunity to advance your academic journey and engage in groundbreaking research at leading institutions, including: 

🇩🇪Leibniz-Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research

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🇩🇪 University of Bayreuth

🇩🇪 International Max Planck Research School on Elementary Particle Physics

🇫🇷 SyNaBi/TIMC Université Grenoble Alpes

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🇨🇭 University of Fribourg

🇨🇭 École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

🇩🇰 Danmarks Tekniske Universitet

🇦🇹 Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität

🇦🇹 Atominstitut TU Wien

🇧🇪 Université de Liège

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🇨🇿 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry ASCR

🇳🇴 NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology

🇳🇴 UiT The Arctic University of Norway

🇳🇴 University of Stavanger

🇱🇺 Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology

🇳🇱 Radboud Universiteit

🇵🇱 Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań

🇧🇻 University of Bergen

🇪🇸 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

🇪🇸 Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech (UPC)

The following prestigious PhD programs provide outstanding research opportunities, competitive stipends, and access to world-class facilities.

Apply now for doctoral (PhD) studies at leading universities. across Europe:

PhD Student in Gene Therapy in Parkinson’s disease Group – José Luis Lanciego, Fundación Para La Investigación Médica Aplicada (Spain)

PhD Student in the field of Root Anatomy Physiology, Leibniz-Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (Germany)

PhD Student in Optimising ion transport in nanostructured systems of artificial cells that incorporate purified co-transport proteins into lipid bilayers, SyNaBi/TIMC Université Grenoble Alpes (France)

PhD Student in electrochemical approaches in radioanalytics, Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen (Switzerland)

PhD Student in Decision support systems for automatic anomaly interpretation and ranking, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (Denmark)

PhD Student in SCALA – Spatial Communication and Ageing across Languages, Institute for Geoinformatics University of Münster (Germany)

PhD Student in Human-centric future skills in manufacturing, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Norway)

PhD Student in DNA Nanotechnology for Soft Matter, University of Fribourg (Switzerland)

PhD Student in Model-based climate monitoring and control in CEA for resource efficient production, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (Germany)

PhD Student in Phytomanagement of wasteland, Universite de Liège (Belgium)

PhD Student in optics and material science, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS v. v. i. (Czech Republic)

PhD Student in Applied/Experimental Physics, University of Bayreuth (Germany)

PhD Student in Mental Health and Neuroscience: Disease mechanisms – Diagnostics and Therapy – Clinical Neuroscience, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität (Austria)

PhD Student in experimental and theoretical particle physics, International Max Planck Research School on Elementary Particle Physics (Germany)

PhD Student in quantum computing, Atominstitut TU Wien (Austria)

PhD Student in Machine-learning Modeling for Nanoconfined Aqueous Systems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Switzerland)

PhD Student in Advanced Laser Processing Techniques for the Optimization of Material Spectral Properties, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Spain)

PhD Student in thermochemical biomass valorisation, Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB (Belgium)

PhD Student in applied physics/fluid mechanics, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Norway)

PhD Student in Evolution of Terpenoid Biosynthesis in insects, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry ASCR (Czech Republic) 

PhD Student in Materials for Pyroelectric Energy Harvesting, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (Luxembourg)

PhD Fellow in Biological Characterization of New Anti-Cancer Natural Products, UiT The Arctic University of Norway (Norway)

PhD Fellowship in Artificial Intelligence in Acute Stroke, University of Stavanger (Norway)

PhD Student in Non-equilibrium Simulations of Charge Transport in Confined Environments, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Switzerland)

PhD Student in Intermediates in N2 Reduction Reaction, Radboud Universiteit (Netherlands)

PhD Student in Enhancing renewable power plants’ performance through advanced control methods - DTU Wind, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (Denmark)

PhD Student in Enhancing ion transporting properties of purified co-transport proteins, SyNaBi/TIMC Université Grenoble Alpes (France) 

PhD Fellowship in Development of novel bioink for 3D bioprinting of scaffold with specific topographical and biochemical cues composed of natural, and synthetic polymers for biomedical applications, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (Poland)

PhD Fellowship in targeting RNA with small molecules, University of Bergen (Norway)

PhD Student in microstructural analysis of the catalyst layer of polymer electrolyte fuel cells using scattering techniques, Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen (Switzerland)

PhD Fellowship in Close-Range Modeling of Pollutant Dispersion based on Computational Fluid Dynamics and Data Assimilation, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech (UPC) (Spain)

Don't miss the opportunity to engage in cutting-edge research and advance your academic journey in Europe.

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• Library of Congress
• Research Guides

World of 1898: International Perspectives on the Spanish American War

Introduction.

• Overview Essay
• Cuba in 1898
• Chronology of Cuba in the Spanish-American War
• Philippine Perspective
• The Changing of the Guard: Puerto Rico in 1898
• The Spanish-American War of 1898: a Spanish View
• American Perspective
• Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy
• Russell Alexander Alger
• Thomas McArthur Anderson
• Basilio Augustin y Dávila
• Ramón Auñón y Villalón
• Román Baldorioty de Castro
• José Celso Barbosa
• Clara Barton
• Segismundo Bermejo
• Ramón Emeterio Betances
• Ramón Blanco y Erenas
• Andrés Bonifacio
• John Rutter Brooke
• Jules-Martin Cambon
• Pascual Cervera y Topete
• Grover Cleveland
• Stephen Crane
• George W. Davis
• Federico Degetau y González
• George Dewey
• José de Diego
• Manuel V. Domenech
• Enrique Dupuy de Lôme
• Oswald Herbert Ernst
• Maximo Gómez Baez
• John Milton Hay
• Guy Vernon Henry
• Eugenio María de Hostos y Bonilla
• Tulio Larrinaga
• Fitzhugh Lee
• William Ludlow
• Antonio Maceo
• Manuel Macías
• William McKinley
• Nelson Appleton Miles
• Luis Muñoz Rivera
• Whitelaw Reid
• Lola Rodríguez de Tió
• Manuel Rojas
• Theodore Roosevelt
• Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
• William T. Sampson
• Juan Manuel Sánchez y Gutiérrez de Castro
• Theodore Schwan
• William Shafter
• Martín Travieso
• Joaquín Vara de Rey y Rubio
• James Franklin Wade
• Richard Wainwright
• Valeriano Weyler
• Walt Whitman
• Henry H. Whitney
• James Harrison Wilson
• Coamo and Aibonito
• Mayagüez, Hormigueros, and Arecibo
• Cienfuegos Bay
• Abolition of Slavery in Puerto Rico
• American Ships in the Spanish-American War
• Balzac v. Porto Rico
• Foraker Act (Organic Act of 1900)
• Grito de Balintawak
• Grito de Lares
• Hurricane San Ciriaco
• Anti-Imperialist League
• Military Government in Puerto Rico
• Olmsted Amendment
• Peace Agreement in Puerto Rico
• Reconcentration Policy
• Rough Riders
• Spanish Ships in the Spanish-American War
• Teller and Platt Amendments
• Treaty of Paris of 1898
• U.S.S. Gloucester
• Additional Resources
• Acknowledgements

Guide Editor: María Daniela Thurber, Reference Librarian, Hispanic Reading Room, Latin American, Caribbean, and European Division

Content Authors: Please visit the Acknowledgement page for information on all authors and contributors to the original The World of 1898: The Spanish-American War web project.

Note: This guide is adapted from The World of 1898: The Spanish-American War , the first online collection mounted on the web by the Hispanic Reading Room.

Created: Spring 2022

Last Updated: February 28, 2023

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The war of the United States with Spain was very brief. Its results were many, startling, and of world-wide meaning. --Henry Cabot Lodge

On April 25, 1898 the United States declared war on Spain following the sinking of the Battleship Maine in Havana harbor on February 15, 1898. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898. As a result, Spain lost its control over the remains of its overseas empire -- Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines Islands, Guam, and other islands.

Beginning in 1492, Spain was the first European nation to sail westward across the Atlantic Ocean, explore, and colonize the Amerindian nations of the Western Hemisphere. At its greatest extent, the empire that resulted from this exploration extended from Virginia on the eastern coast of the United States south to Tierra del Fuego at the tip of South America excluding Brazil and westward to California and Alaska. Across the Pacific, it included the Philippines and other island groups. By 1825 much of this empire had fallen into other hands and in that year, Spain acknowledged the independence of its possessions in the present-day United States (then under Mexican control) and south to the tip of South America. The only remnants that remained in the empire in the Western Hemisphere were Cuba and Puerto Rico and across the Pacific in Philippines Islands, and the Carolina, Marshall, and Mariana Islands (including Guam) in Micronesia.

Kurz & Allison. Destruction of the U.S. battleship Maine in Havana Harbor Feby 15th. Havana, Cuba, ca. 1898. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.

A view of our battleship MAINE as she appears today. Havana Harbor, ca. 1900. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.

Raising of battleship Maine. Havana, Cuba. 1911. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.

Following its declaration of war against Spain issued on April 25, 1898, the United States added the Teller Amendment asserting that it would not attempt to exercise hegemony over Cuba. Two days later Commodore George Dewey sailed from Hong Kong with Emilio Aguinaldo on board. Fighting began in the Phillipines Islands at the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1 where Commodore George Dewey reportedly exclaimed, "You may fire when ready, Gridley," and the Spanish fleet under Rear Admiral Patricio Montojo was destroyed. However, Dewey did not have enough manpower to capture Manila so Aguinaldo's guerrillas maintained their operations until 15,000 U.S. troops arrived at the end of July. On the way, the cruiser Charleston stopped at Guam and accepted its surrender from its Spanish governor who was unaware his nation was at war. Although a peace protocol was signed by the two belligerents on August 12, Commodore Dewey and Maj. Gen. Wesley Merritt, leader of the army troops, assaulted Manila the very next day, unaware that peace had been declared.

In late April, Andrew Summers Rowan made contact with Cuban General Calixto García who supplied him with maps, intelligence, and a core of rebel officers to coordinate U.S. efforts on the island. The U.S. North Atlantic Squadron left Key West for Cuba on April 22 following the frightening news that the Spanish home fleet commanded by Admiral Pascual Cervera had left Cadiz and entered Santiago, having slipped by U.S. ships commanded by William T. Sampson and Winfield Scott Schley. They arrived in Cuba in late May.

War actually began for the U.S. in Cuba in June when the Marines captured Guantánamo Bay and 17,000 troops landed at Siboney and Daiquirí, east of Santiago de Cuba, the second largest city on the island. At that time Spanish troops stationed on the island included 150,000 regulars and 40,000 irregulars and volunteers while rebels inside Cuba numbered as many as 50,000. Total U.S. army strength at the time totalled 26,000, requiring the passage of the Mobilization Act of April 22 that allowed for an army of at first 125,000 volunteers (later increased to 200,000) and a regular army of 65,000. On June 22, U.S. troops landed at Daiquiri where they were joined by Calixto García and about 5,000 revolutionaries.

U.S. troops attacked the San Juan heights on July 1, 1898. Dismounted troopers, including the African-American Ninth and Tenth cavalries and the Rough Riders commanded by Lt. Col. Theodore Roosevelt went up against Kettle Hill while the forces led by Brigadier General Jacob Kent charged up San Juan Hill and pushed Spanish troops further inland while inflicting 1,700 casualties. While U.S. commanders were deciding on a further course of action, Admiral Cervera left port only to be defeated by Schley. On July 16, the Spaniards agreed to the unconditional surrender of the 23,500 troops around the city. A few days later, Major General Nelson Miles sailed from Guantánamo to Puerto Rico. His forces landed near Ponce and marched to San Juan with virtually no opposition.

Representatives of Spain and the United States signed a peace treaty in Paris on December 10, 1898, which established the independence of Cuba, ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to the United States, and allowed the victorious power to purchase the Philippines Islands from Spain for $20 million. The war had cost the United States $250 million and 3,000 lives, of whom 90% had perished from infectious diseases.

What's included in this guide

This presentation provides resources and documents about the Spanish-American War, the period before the war, and some of the fascinating people who participated in the fighting or commented about it. Information about Cuba, Guam, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Spain, and the United States is provided in chronologies, bibliographies, and a variety of pictorial and textual material from bilingual sources, supplemented by an overview essay about the war and the period. Among the participants and authors featured are such well-known figures as Presidents Grover Cleveland, William McKinley, and Theodore Roosevelt, as well as Admiral George Dewey and author Mark Twain (United States), together with other important figures such as Antonio Maceo and José Martí (Cuba), Román Baldorioty de Castro and Lola Rodríguez de Tió (Puerto Rico), José Rizal and Emilio Aguinaldo (Philippines), and Antonio Cánovas del Castillo and Ramón Blanco (Spain).

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Spanish-American War: A Resource Guide

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