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10 Highest Paying Social Science Jobs 2024 (Inc Salaries)

In this article, we're taking a deep dive into the social science jobs that offer the highest pay, job descriptions, and outlook. Read more below to discover the highest-paying jobs for social science graduates.

What can you do with a degree in social science? Well, there's a lot.

A degree in social studies provides practical knowledge and the skills needed to better understand human behavior and its impact on society.

But more that, it also opens the doors to various career paths and job opportunities. Most of these come with good job security and hefty pay.

If you are passionate about studying human behavior, culture, and history and what to make a living from it, check out the highest-paying jobs for social science majors below.

10 Highest Paying Social Science Jobs (Inc Salaries)

1. economist.

An economist is a social science professional who specializes in collecting and studying commerce-related data and insights to analyze how services and products are distributed within a society. They can use this knowledge to make economic forecasts that can guide better financial decisions.

With their expertise, most economists work with the government to formulate economic policies concerning tax laws, trade agreements, interest rates, etc.

On the other hand, they also help businesses determine reasonable price points for their products and services, explore new markets, and discover new business strategies.

Educational Requirements

The first step to becoming an economist is obtaining a Bachelor’s degree in any economic-related field like mathematics, finance, or accounting.

On top of that, you need a master’s degree to apply for an Economist role. You can choose from three specializations:

Master’s of Business Administration ( MBA ),

Master’s Degree in Economics,

and Master’s of Science in Economics,

If you plan on pursuing a career in academic research, you must also earn a doctoral degree.

Job Outlook

The overall employment for economists is projected to grow by 6 % , which will convert to 1,200 job openings annually until 2032.

Salary Information

The average annual salary for economists is USD 114 600 , making it the highest-paying social science job of 2024.

2. Political Scientist

A political scientist is an expert who studies and analyzes past political trends to provide insight into their effects on society and existing policies.

With their expertise, political scientists work not just in the government but also in universities, research institutions, and non-profit organizations.

The responsibilities of a political scientist vary depending on the industry or setting where they work. Still, their main goal is to study economic data, political campaigns, public records, and surveys to determine information trends that can help companies and the government develop policies and strategies that can help them accomplish their goals or influence public opinion.

A political science major wears many hats and may function as a market researcher, forecaster, analyst, campaign manager, and many more.

You need at least a master’s degree in political science to get this role. For this, a Master of Public Administration (MPA), Master of Public Affairs, or Master of Public Policy (MPP) are some of your best choices.

For higher-paying Political Scientist roles, you should obtain a PhD program, and you can choose to specialize in any of these political science subfields: international relations, political theory, comparative politics, or international politics.

BLS expects that there will be about 600 new job opportunities for political scientists every year for the next few years. This is equivalent to a growth rate of 7% , which is faster than average for most occupations.

As per Glassdoor, political scientists make an annual median wage of USD 109,700 .

3. Urban and Regional Planner

An urban and regional planner designs and implements developmental plans for neighborhoods, towns, and cities.

Their main goal is to figure out how to best use the land to meet the community's future needs, including population growth, affordable housing, transportation options, and accessibility to facilities.

The minimal requirement for being an urban and regional planner is a master's degree in urban or regional planning. A bachelor's degree in political science, geography, or economics is the prerequisite.

Most employers seek candidates with at least 1 to 2 years of relevant work experience. You can obtain this requirement through part-time or full-time internships.

The overall employment for urban and regional planners will have a growth rate of 4% . While this industry is expected to grow as fast as most occupations, it will still generate about 3,700 job openings every year until 2032.

On average, urban and regional planners earn an annual salary of USD 103,000 .

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4. Industrial-Organizational Psychologist

IO Psychologists are mental health professionals who study human behavior and how it affects the workplace.

Using the data they gather through quantitative and qualitative research, they formulate and find new tools and methods to boost employee performance and improve the workplace environment.

Other responsibilities include employee training, performance evaluation, and workplace optimization.

To enter the IO Psychology field, you need to obtain a bachelor’s degree in psychology. On the other hand, non-psychology graduates can pursue this path by taking psychology-related graduate programs.

Licensure requirements vary from state to state.

Pursuing a master’s degree in IO Psychology is essential for getting higher roles, but you need relevant work or practicum experience to apply for these programs.

Lastly, a doctoral degree (Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology or Doctor of Psychology) is necessary for those interested in entering academia or starting their research.

According to BLS, the job opportunities for all types of psychologists will increase by 6%. At this rate, the sector will generate up to 12,800 job openings annually in the next few years.

An industrial-organizational psychologist makes about USD 105,000 annually, a higher average salary than most practitioners in the industry.

5. Market Research Manager

A company’s marketing research department gathers data on consumer trends, competitor research, and market conditions, and the marketing research manager must oversee the performance of this team.

The manager's primary responsibility is ensuring the team meets their goals. His duties include defining the project goals, offering marketing campaign guidance, and reviewing marketing segment reports.

He also relays and presents their research to the company's sales, marketing, research, and development managers.

At least a bachelor's degree in business, marketing, or other related fields of social sciences can get you an entry-level job in marketing, which is a marketing staff position.

If you want to work your way up to the managerial position, it’s recommended that you take up a master’s degree in sociology to have a better understanding of social trends and consumer behavior.

The BLS filed the market research manager occupation under market research analysts.

According to them, this sector will experience a growth rate of 13% , which means it will produce 94, 600 annual job openings until 2032.

A market research manager earns an average of USD 99,000 per year. It may come with an average additional pay of USD 20,942 which may come through bonuses.

6. Social Scientist

Social scientists look closely at human behavior and how it affects society as a whole. They study the intricate details of how societies work, including economic growth triggers, unemployment causes, decision-making behaviors, historical trends, and many more.

Their findings are vital in societal endeavors such as public policies, state laws, marketing strategies, urban planning, educational programs, and many more.

A bachelor’s degree in social science is a great way to enter the industry.

However, you need a master's degree in sociology to get a professional social scientist position.

On the other hand, taking a doctoral degree can help you secure a scientist role in government agencies.

Not only that, but it will also help you explore which research area you should specialize in. Some of your best options are the academe, consultancy, or advocacy.

As per BLS, the employment for social, physical, and life science jobs will have a faster-than-average growth range until 2032.

On average, the sector is expected to generate 136,800 job openings yearly.

Social scientists make around USD 86,800 per year. They also have an opportunity to get an average additional annual pay of USD 5,700 through cash bonuses and profit sharing.

7. Social Science Research Analyst

Research analysts work with social scientists in looking into the relationship between human behavior and society's major social issues. Their main goal is to use the collected data to solve these social problems effectively.

Their main function is to analyze data, conduct interviews, perform surveys, review evidence, and formulate reports to help social scientists perform their duties.

Start your social science career through a behavior or social science degree and other related fields.

However, the best way to thrive in this industry is to obtain an advanced degree like a master's or doctorate degree. In addition to increasing your chances of getting a higher position, it will also make you eligible for postsecondary teaching positions.

Since BLS filed this job under the life, physical, and social science category, you can expect the number of job openings for this occupation to grow faster than the average rate.

An average social science analyst has a median yearly wage of USD 79,700 .

On top of that, most analysts also get an average additional pay of USD 4, 900 through cash bonuses.

8. Anthropologist

Beyond the study of human behavior, an anthropologist is a social science professional who focuses on humans' origin, development, and evolution.

There are two types of anthropologists, namely applied and academic anthropologists.

Applied anthropologists work with government agencies and non-profit organizations for a wide range of reasons:

helping detectives determine causes of death and find the right suspect (forensic),

advising on the cultural impact of current programs, products, and policies,

addressing issues with food access and production,

providing cultural sensitivity and competence training in the workplace,

and many more.

On the other hand, academic anthropologists educate and shape the future of the next generations of anthropologists.

To be an entry-level anthropologist, you need to have a master's in either anthropology or archeology, which includes community field research and schools.

On the other hand, you'd need a PhD, including a dissertation.

Anthropologists and archeologists are expected to experience a growth rate of 4% , which will convert to about 700 job openings every year for almost a decade.

The typical salary of an Anthropologist is about USD 75,600 per year. They may also receive an average additional pay of USD 11,100 per year through cash bonuses.

9. Geographer

Geographers study the Earth, its physical aspects and features, and the human activities performed in different parts.

The data they collect are vital in various industries, including urban and regional planning, global development, resource management, environmental conservation, etc.

You can obtain an entry-level government position with a bachelor’s degree in geography. But if you plan on working outside the government, a master's in Geography or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is required.

The geography industry will experience limited growth as it’s projected to have little to no change in demand until 2032.

Despite this, the sector will generate about 100 new job opportunities yearly.

Geographers are paid an annual median wage of USD 74,400 .

10. Sociologist

Sociology degree holders study the patterns and dynamics of the social interactions within society. They also take a closer look into the various processes that develop when humans interact with one another.

Their research is valuable for different practical applications, including:

Providing social impact assessment and social trends to businesses and government agencies for better decision-making.

analyzing social issues to deliver insights for better public policy-making,

assisting media in creating high-quality content for public discourse,

At least a master’s degree in sociology is needed to enter this social science field, and there are two types to choose from.

First is the applied, clinical, and professional program, which prepares the students for professional work.

Next is the traditional program, which is the pathway to PhD program necessary for higher roles and research purposes.

The employment of sociologists will experience a 5% growth rate in the next few years. With this faster-than-average rate, the industry is projected to produce about 300 openings for this position every year until 2032.

A sociologist makes a median wage of USD 74,100 every year.

Careers in social science give you a front seat in shaping the future of your society or country.

But with the industry’s limited growth and few job opportunities, the job market is competitive now more than ever, so you need more than just the bare minimum requirements.

An MBA or BBA degree is an excellent way to show future employers your unwavering commitment to personal development. It also diversifies your skillset, leading to better career prospects, higher earning potential, and a competitive edge.

If you’re ready to take your career to the next level, check out Nexford . This online US university delivers globally competitive education in the most convenient way possible.

What is the highest-paying social science job in 2024?

Economists will have the highest-paying social science jobs in 2024. As per Glassdoor, the average annual earning for this job is around USD 114,600 . This amount represents the median, and the numbers can go as low as USD 117,000 and as high as USD 201,000.

On top of that, economists are also reported to get an average additional pay of USD 37,400 through cash bonuses and profit sharing.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, which social science jobs are projected to have the highest growth in 2024?

The fastest-growing social science jobs are Market research manager and political scientist, which will have a growth rate of 13% and 7%, respectively.

Is social science a good career path?

Yes, it is because having a social science degree opens doors to lots of unique opportunities. This program equips you with a versatile skillset transferrable to various roles and industries, including politics, urban planning, marketing, and many more. These are highly in demand and lucrative and put you in a position to contribute to society significantly.

Learn how to develop the most in-demand skills for your future career!

Discover how you can acquire the most in-demand skills with our free report, and open the doors to a successful career. 

What skills or expertise is required for high-paying social science jobs?

You need to have the right blend of soft and hard skills to do well in this field.

Since social science still falls under the science field, you need to cultivate specific technical skills, including data collection and analysis, statistical analysis, research, in-depth reviews, and report writing and presentation.

What differentiates social science from other science jobs is it focuses on human behavior. Hence, work in social science requires dealing with people and collaborating with other professionals. Because of this, you also need to develop soft skills like active listening, collaboration, problem-solving, empathy, and leadership.

Discover if you have the skills needed to excel in the different career paths of social sciences. Download Our Free Report Here !

What qualifications are required for high-paying social science jobs?

The qualifications will vary depending on the industry or setting you choose to pursue.

For example, at least a bachelor's degree is needed to get the Social science research analyst role. In contrast, a master's degree is necessary for the rest of the high-paying social science jobs.

On the other hand, a doctorate is a requirement to enter academia or head your research projects.

Why is it beneficial for scientists to gain a BBA/MBA degree?

A business degree seems unnecessary for social science majors. On the contrary, it's precisely what you need to diversify your career options and make yourself a valuable part of the organization regardless of what industry you wish to pursue.

An MBA or BBA degree is the best platform for honing your professional communication skills, which are valuable for report writing and presentation.

These will also help you learn how to collaborate with others to meet your goals, making you an effective team player and leader.

Lastly, it teaches you valuable management skills to handle departments, take on more advanced roles, and even put up your own practice.

Mark is a college graduate with Honours in Copywriting. He is the Content Marketing Manager at Nexford, creating engaging, thought-provoking, and action-oriented content.

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Social Scientist Salary in the United States

Social scientist salary.

How much does a Social Scientist make in the United States? The average Social Scientist salary in the United States is $142,122 as of May 28, 2024, but the salary range typically falls between $132,113 and $164,719 . Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education , certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. With more online, real-time compensation data than any other website, Salary.com helps you determine your exact pay target.

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Earning A Ph.D. In Sociology: Everything You Need To Know

Updated: May 30, 2023, 2:17am

Earning a Ph.D. in sociology helps you build a high-level career in a competitive field. As the discipline’s terminal degree, a doctorate in sociology qualifies graduates for roles in academia, business, government and nonprofits.

Ph.D. in sociology programs provide a strong grounding in sociological theory and practice and the opportunity to conduct original research.

If you want to explore a Ph.D. in sociology, this article is for you. We’ll explain what to expect from a doctoral program in sociology, including admission criteria, common requirements and sociology careers for graduates.

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What Does a Ph.D. in Sociology Entail?

What is sociology ? This field studies societies and the human relationships within them, often with the goal of addressing inequities and divisions.

A sociology Ph.D. prepares you to conduct independent research or teach at the college level. Here’s what you should expect if you plan to earn a Ph.D. in sociology.

Ph.D. in Sociology Admission Requirements

Admission to Ph.D. in sociology programs is highly competitive, with acceptance rates at some schools as low as 4%.

Admissions committees look at several factors when considering grad school applicants . Ph.D. in sociology programs typically require a minimum GPA of 3.0 to 3.5, plus a statement of purpose, scholarly writing samples, a résumé, recommendation letters and GRE scores.

Competitive applicants hold strong social science backgrounds with completed coursework in sociological theory, statistics and research methods. Most doctoral programs in sociology accept candidates with a bachelor’s or master’s in sociology or a related field. Those with bachelor’s degrees in sociology typically earn a master’s midway through the doctoral program.

Applicants without a sociology background can use their personal statement to explain how their experience and interests align with a sociology program.

Ph.D in Sociology Program Formats

Most doctoral sociology programs are traditional on-campus programs. Fully online Ph.D. programs in sociology are rare, though students may take individual courses online.

Ph.D. candidates spend less time on campus once they begin their dissertations. However, it’s wise to select your school and living situation with regular campus visits in mind.

Learners set on an online program are more likely to find an online Ph.D. program in a related major, such as a doctorate in social work .

Degree Finder

Common ph.d. in sociology degree requirements, sociological theory.

Many Ph.D. in sociology programs include one or more required theory courses. Understanding sociological theory helps future sociologists engage with the discipline’s history and its contemporary debates as researchers, thinkers and teachers.

Theory courses cover seminal theorists like Karl Marx, Max Weber and Émile Durkheim and explore how contemporary writers and researchers apply, challenge and adapt classical sociological thought to current issues and perspectives.

Social Data Analysis and Research

Courses in social data analysis and research bring theory into practice. A Ph.D. is a research-oriented degree that prepares graduates to produce independent research projects like dissertations.

Students learn to conduct sociological studies, draw conclusions and present findings. Data analysis and collection methods include interviews, field notes and statistical analysis.

In some programs, candidates build hands-on skills in a research practicum. Learners can also gain research experience (and help pay for their degrees ) through faculty research assistantships.

Complete Residency Credits

“Residency credits” refer to how many courses you take at your degree-granting institution. Most Ph.D. candidates fulfill residency requirements simply by completing their program’s coursework. Sometimes, a doctoral student can earn residency credits by completing a master’s degree in sociology from the same school as their doctorate.

However, transfer students and those intending to study abroad should consult an advisor or registrar to ensure they meet residency credit requirements.

Careers for Ph.D. in Sociology Graduates

What can you do with a sociology degree ? The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports only 3,000 sociologists working in the United States as of 2021, though many individuals with doctorates in sociology hold other job titles. Doctoral degrees demonstrate research skills and specialized training to set candidates apart in a tight job market.

For many roles, particularly in academia, a Ph.D. is mandatory. Below, we highlight some common career paths for Ph.D. in sociology graduates. All salary data mentioned below is sourced from the BLS.

Sociology Professor

Median Annual Salary: $79,640 Projected Job Growth (2021-2031): +12% Job Description: Sociology professors train the next generation of sociologists. Depending on their institution and experience, sociology professors teach undergraduates from other majors as well. Along with classroom responsibilities, sociology professors may conduct research, publish articles and books, attend academic conferences and serve on administrative committees.

Human Resources Manager

Median Annual Salary: $126,230 Projected Job Growth (2021-2031): +7% Job Description: Sociologists use data to understand human behavior and can apply this knowledge to many business subfields, especially in people-focused fields like human resources . Human resource managers have many personnel-centered responsibilities, including hiring and training, mediating disputes and helping shape an organization’s workplace culture.

Sociologist

Median Annual Salary: $92,910 Projected Job Growth (2021-2031): +5% Job Description: Sociologists in and out of academia can pursue research roles. According to the BLS , more sociologists hold research and development roles in social sciences and humanities than in any other industry. Sociologists study social behavior, design and conduct research studies, and present their findings through reports, articles and presentations.

Social and Community Service Managers

Median Annual Salary: $74,000 Projected Job Growth (2021-2031): +12% Job Description: A social and community services career suits Ph.D. in sociology graduates seeking applied—rather than research-based—careers. Managers in this sector plan, shape and oversee programs and services that support public well-being.

Social and community service managers work for nonprofit and for-profit social services organizations and government agencies and target needs such as elder services, child and family services, food security or mental health.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About a Ph.D. in Sociology

What can i do with a sociology ph.d..

Many Ph.D. in sociology graduates go into academia and research-focused careers. However, sociology graduates can also find work in human resources, marketing and social services.

How much do you make with a Ph.D. in sociology?

A Ph.D. in sociology qualifies graduates for various high-paying jobs. One of the highest-paying jobs is human resources manager, with an annual median salary of $126,230 as of 2021, according to the BLS . Sociology professors and research sociologists earn median annual salaries of $79,640 and $92,910 as of 2021, respectively.

How many years does it take to get a Ph.D. in sociology?

A typical Ph.D. in sociology program lasts five to six years. Students with work or family obligations may take longer to complete their degrees. Conversely, candidates with a master’s in sociology may finish faster. Some programs allow candidates to take up to nine years in certain circumstances.

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Salary Outlook with Ph.D. in Social Work Degree

In most fields, earning a Doctor of Philosophy degree, or Ph.D., represents the pinnacle of educational and academic achievement. The same is often true for students with educational and professional experience in the field of social work. While it’s not the only possible doctoral degree in the field, a Ph.D. in Social Work can be the next best step to a social work career that’s rewarding both professionally and financially.

What should potential social work Ph.D. students know about their degree options, possible career paths and what federal data indicates about their long-term career outlook?

What’s On This Page

Social work doctorate options.

• Social Work Career Tracks
• Social Work PhD Salary Outlook
• Social Work Ph.D. Salary by State
• Projected Social Work Ph.D. Jobs

Two main types of doctoral degrees are available in social work — a Doctor of Social Work (DSW) and a Ph.D. in Social Work . It’s not typical for one college or university to offer both types of degrees, and it usually comes down to the programmatic focus of the institution’s social work department.

Generally, DSW programs are geared more toward the professional practice of social work. In this way, these degrees can be considered equivalent to the Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.), which was developed in the 1970s to train practicing psychologists.

SEE ALSO: Top 5 Online DSW Social Work Programs

Social work Ph.D. degree programs will usually be more focused on conducting in-depth academic and lab-based research into various facets of social work to help build upon the body of literature in the field.

Of course, those with a Ph.D. in Social Work may go on to become practicing social workers, and it’s possible to earn a DSW and have a flourishing career in research. But generally, social work Ph.D. programs will be more heavily skewed toward research while DSW programs will be heavy on clinical experiences.

Social Work PhD Career Tracks

There isn’t one single possible career path once you’ve completed a Ph.D. in Social Work, and there are many types of jobs a Ph.D.-holder is qualified to fill. Here’s a look at the possible options by the type of job:

Social Work Ph.D. career options by industry

Depending on the job they’re seeking, Ph.D. in Social Work graduates may need to clear additional licensure and certification hurdles. This is especially true for those seeking jobs that are public-facing, such as Special Education Teacher or Licensed Clinical Social Worker. Be sure to consult the laws and rules in your state.

Social Work PhD Salary Overview

Having a Ph.D. vastly increases a person’s earnings potential. In fact, the most recent U.S. Census Bureau estimates say that a Ph.D.-holder will earn about double the average high school graduate’s income . While that’s not necessarily surprising, those who have completed a Ph.D. also have median income that’s about one-third higher than a typical college graduate.

What can Social Work Ph.D. graduates expect to make in the state where they live? To figure that out, we analyzed data published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, and calculated an average income figure for each state across a total of seven possible job titles, which are listed below. For a few states, certain job titles were not available, so they were not included to ensure that state’s average wasn’t unfairly lowered.

• Child, Family and School Social Workers
• Clinical, Counseling and School Psychologists
• General Social Workers
• Health Social Workers
• Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
• Social and Community Service Managers
• Social Work Professors

Social work Ph.D. salaries are the highest in the District of Columbia, where the average for the seven jobs is nearly $85,000. Not far behind are New Jersey and California, with New York and Rhode Island rounding out the top five. The average wage for the seven social work jobs was lowest in Montana and Oklahoma.

Average annual social work Ph.D. salary by state

The average national wage for the seven social work jobs we analyzed was about $60,000, and Clinical, Counseling and School Psychologists had the highest average annual wage. Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers had the lowest average national wage at just over $49,000.

Average annual U.S. salary, selected social work Ph.D. jobs

In every state for which data is available, social work Ph.D. job openings will expand over the next several years. Some states will have very rapid growth, while others will have much less robust expansion rates. Projection data was not available for six states (Alabama, Arizona, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Texas and Washington) for enough social work Ph.D. jobs to create a fair analysis.

On average, Utah has the highest projected growth rate for social work Ph.D. jobs, with openings expected to rise by nearly 30% through 2028. Colorado and New York also are expected to see job growth of almost 25%. Maine’s average growth rate of about 3% is the lowest.

Average projected growth in job openings by state, 2018-2028

Similarly, all jobs are expected to experience positive growth across the country, led by a nearly 18% expansion rate projected for Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers, while General Social Worker jobs are expected to grow by about 6.2%.

Average U.S. projected growth in psychology Ph.D. job openings, 2018-2028

Careers in social work can be challenging but for those who are dedicated to making a difference, they also can be quite rewarding. Earning a Ph.D. in Social Work is often an ideal way to supercharge career earnings and open up new avenues of professional experience.

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PhD Salaries and Lifetime Earnings

PhDs employed across job sectors show impressive earning potential:

“…[T]here is strong evidence that advanced education levels continue to be associated with higher salaries. A study by the Georgetown Center on Education and the Workforce showed that across the fields examined, individuals with a graduate degree earned an average of 38.3% more than those with a bachelor’s degree in the same field. The expected lifetime earnings for someone without a high school degree is $973,000; with a high school diploma, $1.3 million; with a bachelor’s degree, $2.3 million; with a master’s degree, $2.7 million; and with a doctoral degree (excluding professional degrees), $3.3 million. Other data indicate that the overall unemployment rate for individuals who hold graduate degrees is far lower than for those who hold just an undergraduate degree.” - Pathways Through Graduate School and Into Careers , Council of Graduate Schools (CGS) and Educational Testing Service (ETS), pg. 3.

Average salaries by educational level and degree (data from the US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2009-2011, courtesy of the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce):

The Bureau of Labor and Statistics reports higher earnings and lower unemployment rates for doctoral degree holders in comparison to those with master’s and bachelor’s degrees:

According to national studies, more education translates not only to higher earnings, but also higher levels of job success and job satisfaction:

“Educational attainment – the number of years a person spends in school – strongly predicts adult earnings, and also predicts health and civic engagement. Moreover, individuals with higher levels of education appear to gain more knowledge and skills on the job than do those with lower levels of education and they are able, to some extent, to transfer what they learn across occupations.” - Education for Life and Work (2012), National Research Council of the National Academies, pg. 66.

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PhD in Social Work Degree Guide | Salary & Programs 2024

A PhD in Social Work is a mark of distinction as an expert in the discipline. Graduates of social work PhD programs often use their knowledge and training to conduct groundbreaking research on critical issues facing society. Their discoveries shape policy and assist countless people. As respected leaders, they hold top positions at various social services organizations. As professors, they mold new generations of social workers.

In addition to increased ability to help others, PhDs in social work can expect something else following graduation – good job prospects. The U.S.  Bureau of Labor Statistics  (BLS) projects employment in the community and social service occupations to grow a hearty 12% between 2020 to 2030. 1

What is a PhD in Social Work?

A PhD in Social Work is a Doctor of Philosophy in Social Work. It is one of the two highest degrees that someone can earn in the field, the other being a DSW (Doctor of Social Work). PhD programs in social work focus heavily on research methods and pedagogy. DSW programs emphasize advanced training for practicing social workers.

Outstanding Schools with PhD in Social Work Degrees in U.S.

The road to a PhD in Social Work begins with admittance to a school that meets an aspiring student’s needs. While the “perfect” school varies by an individual’s interests and circumstances, here’s a sample of some noteworthy institutions:

• University of Southern California  – Through its Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, USC offers a PhD program that prides itself on promoting independent inquiry. Students gain competence in research methodology and communicating results. They learn skills vital to their future, such as how to submit grant proposals, how to write articles for publication, and how to present findings at conferences.
• New York University  – From day one, each PhD student in NYU’s Silver School of Social Work gets paired with a faculty mentor who helps develop research, scholarships, and teaching skills. Areas of staff expertise include racial and social justice, behavioral health services, child welfare, and aging. The school’s location in New York City provides a dynamic, diverse setting for studying important social work issues.
• Wayne State University  – Opportunities for professional and intellectual growth abound in the PhD program at this public institution in Michigan. The school encourages students to take coursework outside of the School of Social Work to support their individual interests. This interdisciplinary approach can lead to special degrees in areas such as infant mental health, gerontology, or social work and anthropology.
• Baylor University  – No need to live in Waco, Texas, to attend this institution. After a required five-day session on campus, social work PhD students can live elsewhere while pursuing their degree through an online classroom. Online PhD in Social Work courses meet via videoconferencing at specific times each week. The program focuses on the integration of religion and faith with practices of the social work profession. Graduates leave ready to address complex social issues as leaders, educators, and researchers.
• The University of Utah  – Other than a week on campus at the start of each semester, this institution’s “distance-delivered doctoral program” allows students to pursue an online PhD in Social Work from any location. Individuals attend classes remotely at the same time as their on-campus cohorts. All students possess equal access to research opportunities and financial support.

If you’re looking for other schools that offer PhD’s in social work, check out the Find Your Perfect “U” tool. You can search over 6,000 colleges and universities with 11 different filters to find the  perfect school for you !

What Can I Do with a PhD in Social Work?

Many who pursue a PhD in Social Work do so in hopes of securing a faculty position at a university or junior college. They wish to continue conducting research in their area of interest within the field or teach up-and-coming social work students. Others may find employment at think tanks, non-profits, or governmental agencies.

PhD in Social Work Salary and Career Outlook

The U.S. Department of Labor includes postsecondary social work teachers on its list of Bright Outlook Occupations because of the job’s rapid growth prospects (9%) over the next decade (2020-2030). 9  Projections are not a guarantee, but the information is encouraging to PhDs looking to go in that direction.

While the mean annual wage for social work professors is $71,570, possibilities exist to earn substantially more. In California, for instance, the mean annual wage stands at $110,020. New York, the state with the highest concentration of postsecondary social work teachers, posts a mean annual wage of $91,680. 7

Some PhDs find employment as social service consultants. They train social service staff members and help organizations implement improvements in procedures and policies. According to PayScale, this type of position brings in an average hourly rate of $32.50. 8

PhD in Social Work Career Paths

Students in PhD programs usually enter possessing an MSW (Master’s of Social Work) and a social work license. After earning their doctorate, some individuals decide to return to careers in applied social work rather than enter academia. Their increased knowledge and training oftentimes set them up for higher-level positions in occupations such as:

• Median Salary: $51,760 
• Career Outlook: +12% (2020-2030)

Social workers identify and assist individuals, families, and groups within a community that need help with various life challenges.

• Median Salary: $48,140 
• Career Outlook: 17% (2020-2030)

These professionals promote wellness and serve as a liaison between individuals/groups and health care systems.

• Median Salary: $58,120 
• Career Outlook: +11% (2020-2030)

These counselors help individuals with social and academic issues in order to succeed in school and forge an employment plan.

Source: BLS

Earning a PhD in Social Work

Individuals generally go into social work because they want to  make a difference in the lives of others . Earning a PhD in Social Work certainly advances that objective. The decision to undertake something so rigorous, however, should not be made lightly.

Pros and Cons of PhD in Social Work Degrees

Completing a PhD program in social work takes time, money, and effort. Only you can decide if such an endeavor is in your best interest.

• Expanded job opportunities, especially in academia, consulting, and research
• Recognition as an expert in the field
• Good job growth predictions from the BLS
• The potential for increases in income, responsibility, and influence
• A chance to study specific areas of interest and learn advanced knowledge about them
• The cost of pursuing a degree
• The stress of staying on track and finishing this academic challenge
• Taking away time from other endeavors in order to focus on studies
• Possibly moving to a new location to be closer to campus

PhD in Social Work Program Prerequisites

Most students enter social work PhD programs already possessing an MSW and a history of social work employment. People with a  background in a similar field , such as psychology, may also be eligible for consideration. Some institutions conduct dual-degree programs where participants earn both an MSW and a PhD upon completion of studies.

Courses in PhD in Social Work Programs

While specific courses vary by program, the following are some of the courses frequently encountered in social work PhD programs:

• Quantitative research
• Qualitative research
• Data analysis
• Social policy analysis
• Scholarly writing
• Grant writing
• Teaching and pedagogy

Coursework helps students prepare for two important components of a social work PhD program:  the qualifying exam and the dissertation .

Passing an oral and/or written qualifying exam demonstrates a solid base of knowledge and readiness to engage in independent research. The dissertation focuses on a topic or research question of the student’s choice. In addition to writing the dissertation, the student must orally defend the ideas presented at a meeting with other scholars.

Skills Learned in a PhD in Social Work Degree Program

PhD programs promote scholarly development. Students hone their critical-thinking skills. They learn how to ask important questions about social work issues and how to go about seeking possible answers. They graduate knowing how to construct research studies and evaluate results.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD in Social Work?

Programs generally require 36 credit hours. In terms of time, this translates to 3-5 years.

Students pursuing accelerated studies may be able to shave off time from this range. On the flipside, students enrolled in a dual MSW/PhD program take longer to finish because they need to fulfill more requirements.

A substantial determinant of program length is progress on one’s dissertation. Some students develop a clear idea early on of what they wish to focus on and make steady progress toward completion. Others require more time to figure out what they want to do and how to do it.

Social Work Degree Specializations

Social work is a large discipline with many niches. Some areas PhD candidates may concentrate on include:

• Mental health
• Substance abuse
• School social work
• Military social work
• Children and families
• Gerontology
• Terminal illness
• Migration studies
• Disaster relief
• LGBTQIA+ community
• Public welfare
• Justice and corrections

Social Work Certification and Licensure

Many social work positions require a license and/or certification. People should look into the requirements for jobs of interest as well as for the geographical region in which they seek employment. A good place to start is the  Association for Social Work Boards .

Accreditation

Selecting a school with regional accreditation ensures the institution has met certain educational standards. Choose one approved by the  U.S. Department of Education  or the nonprofit  Council for Higher Education Accreditation  (CHEA).

While the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) accredits BSW and MSW programs, it does not do so at the doctoral level. However, the Group for the Advancement of Doctoral Education in Social Work (GADE) can provide prospective social work PhD students with information on its member schools.

Online PhD Social Work Programs

Opportunities exist to pursue doctoral studies in social work online. The majority of such programs lead to a DSW, but some result in a PhD.

Online vs. On Campus Degrees

Earning an online PhD in Social Work degree through has a variety of potential benefits.

• Remote learning removes geographical barriers.
• Students gain greater choice in selecting an institution
• Students do not need to upend their lives to move to campus housing.
• Online programs generally offer more flexibility in terms of when and where work gets completed.
• Sometimes, ambitious students can accelerate their progress.

Some students prefer regular, campus-based programs. They enjoy the social aspect of physically attending class alongside others, focus better in an academic environment, or prefer a consistent schedule.

How Long Do Online Courses Take to Complete?

Finishing an online PhD in Social Work program generally takes about the same amount of time as on-campus studies, which is 3-5 years. Choosing an accelerated program can reduce some of that time.

Schools offering online PhD in social work programs tend to have a hybrid set-up. They require brief periods of time on campus, such as the first week of each semester.

Also, remote PhD programs in social work tend to favor synchronous learning. Off-campus students use video technology to attend classes with their on-campus peers on specific days at set times.

Applying to PhD in Social Work Programs

Students interested in obtaining a PhD in Social Work must apply to individual schools offering this graduate study. Due to substantial competition for spots, students oftentimes apply to more than one program.

Admission Requirements for PhD in Social Work Programs

Each school has its own specific set of criteria for applicants to present in order to receive consideration for admission. Things often required include:

• A master’s degree from a program accredited by the Council on Social Work Education
• Transcripts of all collegiate work, including degree(s) earned and GPA
• A resume of hands-on social work experience, including internships, employment, and volunteer experiences
• Satisfactory performance on the Graduate Record Examination (GRE)
• Personal statements/essays on the reason for pursuing a PhD
• Interviews with faculty members
• Letters of recommendation supporting the candidacy
• A scholarly writing sample

Paying for a PhD in Social Work

Students rightly worry about paying for higher education. Fortunately, a good number of options exist to  finance graduate studies , including grants, loans, and scholarships. Schools also often offer PhD candidates positions as research or teaching assistants, which can cover or reduce tuition and even provide a stipend.

PhD in Social Work Degree Costs

Many factors influence the cost of pursuing a PhD in Social Work. Choosing a public school in one’s state often proves more economical than tuition for private institutions. Programs partially or fully online can lower expenses by eliminating the cost of traveling to campus or residing in campus housing.

Any student looking for financial assistance should fill out the  Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) . It serves as the first step in determining eligibility for grants, loans, and school-specific monetary aid.

Scholarships for PhD in Social Work Students

Individuals looking for assistance in funding their PhD studies in social work may want to check out the following:

• Council on Social Work Education  – The CSWE offers a variety of general and niche scholarships for students interested in graduate studies in social work.
• National Association of Social Workers  – Doctoral students qualify for several funding opportunities offered by the NASW Foundation.
• Davis-Putter Scholarship Fund  – Students working for social change can apply for one of these need-based scholarships of up to $15,000 per year.

PhD in Social Work Career Resources

Along their educational journey and into their career, social work PhDs may find the following groups good sources of knowledge and support:

• Council on Social Work Education  – This national organization is dedicated to advancing excellence in social work education and research. PhD candidates may find the careers section on the group’s website particularly interesting. It contains job opportunities, career planning advice, and free resume review.
• The Group for the Advancement of Doctoral Education in Social Work  – This organization provides a wealth of information on what makes a good PhD program. Its website includes links to all its member institutions, which proves helpful to students trying to compare schools.
• National Association of Social Workers  – This well-established organization of professional social workers focuses on career development and advancing social policies. Its website contains resources on a variety of topics by interest, such as aging, child welfare, and LGBTQ issues. Networking opportunities and tips for landing a job prove useful to graduate students.
• Clinical Social Work Association  – This group focuses on meeting the practice needs of  clinical social workers  through support and advocacy. Members receive free consultative services for legal and ethical questions, reduced rates on liability insurance, and access to the association’s job board.
• Society for Social Work and Research  – For more than 25 years, this non-profit has supported faculty, students, and others interested in social work research. Funding, information sharing, and interdisciplinary networking are among its areas of concern.
• People often pursue a PhD in Social Work to become a professor at a university, college, or junior college. Such a job involves teaching classes, managing internships and other hands-on student experiences, and conducting research. Other PhDs work for the government, military, non-profits, think tanks, schools, and other organizations as social workers, community managers, researchers, and policy shapers.
• The answer depends on individual interests and career objectives. For someone hoping for a job in academia, a PhD is usually necessary. Individuals interested in positions such as social worker or community service manager oftentimes get hired with a lesser degree. A doctorate, though, can put someone in a better position for greater responsibility, leadership, decision-making, and pay.
• Examine your career goals. A  bachelor’s degree  can be enough for entry-level positions. A master’s will qualify you to perform more extensive duties and is a must for those interested in clinical social work. Future social work instructors and social work executives generally hold a doctorate, which can be a PhD in Social Work or a DSW (Doctor of Social Work).
• An  MSW (Master of Social Work)  helps individuals secure higher-level positions within the field of social work. Obtaining one signifies greater education and training than just a bachelor’s degree. A PhD in Social Work demonstrates exceptional knowledge and commitment. PhDs often remain in academia to teach others and to continue advancing the discipline through original research.

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• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/community-and-social-service/home.htm
• https://dworakpeck.usc.edu/academics/phd-program
• https://socialwork.nyu.edu/a-silver-education/degree-programs/phd.html
• https://socialwork.wayne.edu/phd
• https://www.baylor.edu/social_work/index.php?id=866760
• https://socialwork.utah.edu/phd/
• https://www.bls.gov/oes/2018/may/oes251113.htm
• https://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Social_Service_Consultant/Hourly_Rate?loggedIn
• https://www.onetonline.org/find/bright?b=1&g=Go

How much money can you make with a social science degree?

Does your dream degree lead to your dream salary?

After graduation, social science graduates typically earn high salaries compared to the national average. Top earners make $ 84,734 , while the bottom 20% make close r to $ 30,538 . The median grad salary is $ 50,868 .

Social Science graduate salaries over time

The typical early career salary for someone with a bachelor’s degree in social science is $ 37,595 , and within five years of graduation, this average salary goes up to $ 40,110 .

This chart maps the average workforce wage by years of experience:

Wage ($USD)

Years of work experience.

Pro tip Still unsure if a degree in social science is your calling? Read our comprehensive guide on choosing a career

Discover what you’ll learn—and what you can do after you graduate.

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Top Highest Paying Graduate Degrees In Social Sciences for 2019

Read a summary or generate practice questions using the INOMICS AI tool

While pursuing a graduate degree is undeniably interesting and challenging, tuition fees and other costs associated with studying have been getting higher and higher over the last decade. This has lead to plenty of students questioning whether the expense in terms of time and money that they will have to put into obtaining a graduate degree is worth it. In a difficult job market, students are less willing to take on large debts to finance their study unless they can be reasonably sure that they will get a well-paying job at the end of it.

For social science students, like those in politics , psychology, or economics , the pressure to be financially responsible is particularly strong as there are many more students studying the subject than there are jobs available within the field. So it makes sense for social science students to carefully consider what career options will be available to them if they complete a graduate degree, and what salary they can expect to earn. To help with this, we've put together a list of the top best paying graduate degrees in social science. These figures are specific to the United States, but you will find a similar pattern of earning in other countries too. Use this information to consider whether studying social science at graduate school is the right choice for you, depending on your career ambitions.  The data below are based on figures from the beginning of 2019.

1. PhD in Political Science

With a broad understanding of complex political systems, completing a PhD in political science sets you up for a wide range of career options either within government, in NGOs, or in private industry.

Possible Jobs

- Civil servant - Lobbyist - Think tank consultant

Browse our Political Science PhD programs

2. Masters Degree in Finance

With the complexities of the global financial system affecting all of our lives, a masters in finance can open up lucrative careers in financial management.

-  Finance manager - Finance director - Financial analyst

Browse our Master's programs in finance

3. Masters Degree in Economics

Studying economics gives you a grounding in global economic policy, social science methodologies, and statistics, so naturally it can set you up for a job in the finance industry.

- Economist - Data analyst - Financial analyst

Browse our Master's programs in economics

4. Masters Degree in International Relations

Like the study of political science, international relations lends itself well to careers in an increasingly globalised world. Careers in business and law are also options.

Intelligence analyst Research associate Legislative aide

Browse our Master's programs in politics and international relations

5.   Masters Degree in Organizational Psychology

Those who have studied the way in which organizations can be optimised using scientific principles are in great demand in industry. Consequently, organizational psychologists are well paid as they have the potential to save millions of dollars for the companies who employ them.

- Organizational psychologist - Human resources officer - Psychology researchers

6. PhD in Psychology or PhD in Clinical Psychology

A PhD in psychology will arm you with practical research skills as well as an understanding of human motivation, both of which are valuable to companies looking to improve their marketing. If you work in the private sector, you can be well compensated for these roles.

-  Clinical psychologist - Psychology researcher - Advertising executive

7. Masters Degree in Occupational Therapy

Occupational therapy helps to make workers more satisfied and more productive, so no wonder that these skills are highly desirable for businesses. Those who can combine knowledge of psychology and modern management techniques are in a particularly good position for employment.

-  Occupational therapist - Human resources officer - Psychology researcher

8. Masters Degree in Sociology

The broad skills obtained in a sociology degree like communication, critical thinking, and cross-cultural understanding can be relevant to a lot of jobs, and are well-compensated in business areas like public relations or marketing.

Median Salary

-  Public relations officer - Marketing manager - Law enforcement - Social services worker

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Highest Paying Doctorate Degrees [2024 Guide]

We’ve identified the 25 highest paying doctorate degrees. Compare salaries and job prospects.

Completing a PhD may open up doors in terms of career advancement. Plus, it may not take as long as you think to complete if you enroll in the shortest doctoral programs .

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The following list contains the highest paying doctorate degrees along with career outlook and job growth statistics.

25 Highest Paying Doctorate Degrees

All career statistics and salary data are provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics .

Click on the area of study you’re interested in to jump to that section.

Aerospace Engineering

Chemical engineering, pharmacology, business administration, cybersecurity, electrical engineering, data science, biochemistry, information security assurance, biomedical engineering, information technology and computer science, occupational therapy, criminal justice, engineering, organic chemistry.

While all of these industries are growing, some provide better job prospects than others.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $208,000
• Job Growth: 4%

One of the more specialized high paying doctorate programs is in immunology. Immunology is the study of disease prevention and immunity. Due to the specialized nature of the study here, jobs are typically well paid and much more specific.

A person who has studied immunology may be expected to work in research or academia but is also likely to land high-paying roles within the medical industry and at hospitals. The demand for this area of expertise is also rising faster than the average job growth, meaning there should be plenty of opportunities for graduates.

A PhD in immunology is a lot of hard work and is, therefore, suited to someone who already has considerable experience working in the medical industry. Those with an academic background in medicine should consider applying for an immunology program.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $129,850
• Job Growth: 7%

Of the three main sciences, physics can be the one that is the most fruitful for taking a doctorate. People who take a PhD in physics are likely to land themselves a position as either a researcher or a professor.

There are also several other high paying positions that are possible for someone who takes this career path, including more specialized roles or becoming lead physicists and consultants.

Physics is also one of the job markets that is predicted to see a considerable amount of growth for the next 10 years. Pursuing a physics doctorate can be perfect for someone who already has experience in physics or someone who already has either a bachelor’s or master’s degree in the subject combined with some practical experience.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $118,610
• Job Growth: 3%

Aerospace engineering is a field that would likely attract those who already have a background in either science or engineering. It is one of the fastest growing industries in the world, and demand for jobs is expected to increase as the years roll by. So the length it takes to get a PhD should be taken into consideration so you can quickly enter this field during its booming growth.

The doctorate focuses on the engineering of various different types of spacecraft and can be incredibly demanding. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the salary potential for this field is as high as $171,220.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $110,860

Math may not be the glamorous subject to study at doctorate level, but it can open up a wide range of potentially lucrative career options.

Math can allow students to work in various sectors of the economy and business, and they may also work in research or as a math lecturer or professor at a top university.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $109,760
• Job Growth: 5%

Taking a doctorate in management can be a logical step in the career of someone who has a history of working in business, project management, or the economy as well as several other sectors.

Earning this doctorate can open up chief executive roles within companies and roles like chief operations officer and supply chain management. It may also lead to regional and national management roles.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $108,540

Another engineering-based field that presents doctorate students with some big money career options is chemical engineering. The field combines a number of different disciplines, including all of the sciences, math, and statistics, as well as engineering.

It is a complex doctorate to take, but the rewards may be worth the effort, with the Bureau of Labor Statistics showing salaries up to $168,960 available in this field.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $108,350
• Job Growth: 14%

One of the most popular PhDs to take is in economics. Economics is a social science that studies and theories about the production and consumption of goods and the effect that this has on society and the economy.

Taking a PhD in economics may open up a lot of doors. Working in the financial sector is usually lucrative, and a doctorate in economics can help give you an edge over competitors in what is a notoriously feisty industry. Top earners can make around $198,230 per year.

Economics analysis is a skill that is highly sought after, especially in the medical, legal, and education sectors.

While on the face of it, some people may believe that studying economics leaves you consigned to an office for the majority of your working life, the reality is that it can open up a lot of doors in a lot of different sectors. It may also provide you with a lot of travel opportunities and chances to meet new people.

A doctorate in economics may be perfect for someone who already has some experience in the field or for someone who has studied economics, math, finance, or business to a higher level and wants to take the next step in their academic and professional career.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $107,270
• Job Growth: 6%

Pharmacology is big business these days, and taking a doctorate in the subject may lead to some lucrative opportunities. It is expected that someone who wants to study pharmacology will have a background in the subject with a master’s degree being heavily preferred.

There are a lot of pre-requisites for getting onto a pharmacology doctorate program, but the Bureau of Labor Statistics is showing salaries going as high as $164,980.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $103,650

Getting a doctorate in business administration can open up a lot of doors. Students who end up taking their doctorate in business administration often end up working as leading and chief executives as well as entrepreneurs and financial advisors.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, salaries for someone with a doctorate in this field can be as high as $208,000. It can be ideal for someone who has a background in business or economics who wants to take the next step in their career.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $103,590
• Job Growth: 31%

As the world of IT continues to grow, so does the demand for more and more cybersecurity. The field is one of the fastest-growing in the world, and getting a doctorate in the subject may land you a range of different high paying jobs.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, roles like IT managers can offer doctorates a salary of up to $208,000. This sector is also constantly growing, and as such, the demand and the salaries should continue to grow as time passes.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $100,830

When it comes to job demand, electrical engineering is one of the safest career paths to go down. Electrical engineering has a huge impact on our day-to-day lives.

Most of our day-to-day electrical appliances exist as a result of electrical engineering, and taking a doctorate in the field may open the door to some pretty lucrative research and project management positions. It is advised that someone who takes a PhD in electrical engineering already have practical experience in the field.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $98,490

A doctorate in education can open up a lot of different career options in that sector. A lot of doctors of education end up working in either research or in top positions at schools as principals and superintendents.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average salary for someone working in education administration with a doctorate is around the $199,400 mark. A number of doctor of education programs do not require a dissertation .

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $98,230

Data is quickly becoming the most valuable commodity on the planet, and as such, the demand for data specialists and researchers is growing at an impressive rate.

Data science doctorates offer a gateway into these positions, and they usually come with some pretty high salaries. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, salary for a data scientist can go as high as $165,230, and with this field ever-expanding, the demand for these positions should continue to increase.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $94,270

Biochemists study the chemical and physical makeup of living organisms. Due to the specialized nature of the subject, research positions in this sector typically pay incredibly well.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, biochemist doctorates can start out at around $67,710 but can increase up to $169,860 or more. This doctorate may suit someone with a background in chemistry or some other science discipline.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $92,870

Information assurance is a new discipline that has been created as a result of the times we live in. Information assurance is effectively another type of cybersecurity that is designed to protect people’s data from third parties and other potentially dangerous sources.

A background in any sort of computer or data-related field can be ideal for getting onto an information assurance course. Due to the increasing demand for data protection, jobs in this sector can be particularly lucrative, and the demand for these jobs is expected to increase as time rolls on.

The demand for experts in this industry is very high and is only predicted to grow over the next decade.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $92,620

Biomedical engineering is becoming an incredibly popular field of research. It is an ever-growing and developing industry, and as such, the demand for expertise in the area is on the rise.

Getting a PhD in biomedical engineering is likely to secure you a lucrative research job for a university or a job in a hospital or the medical industry. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, an average salary in this field for a senior position ranges from $127,980 to $169,860.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $92,270
• Job Growth: 35%

Statistics is one of the most versatile doctorates available today. Statistics are used in a wide range of different sectors, including finance, research, business, health care, government, and many others.

A doctorate in statistics can be ideal for someone who has a background in math or business. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the top salary for someone working in statistics can be as high as $150,840.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $91,250
• Job Growth: 11%

The world of IT is constantly growing, and as it does, the demand for experts grows with it. Getting a doctorate in information technology and computer science can be an incredibly lucrative career move, with the Bureau of Labor Statistics showing top earners taking home as high as $208,00.

The jobs that can be accessed, such as chief technology officers or research roles within the industry, tend to be incredibly well-paid. This doctorate attracts people who have backgrounds in IT-related fields, such as computer science or computer programming.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $86,280
• Job Growth: 16%

For someone who already has experience working in occupational therapy, earning a doctorate in the field can be a huge benefit. Not only can it open the door for them to move up in the industry, but it can also expand their knowledge of the subject area.

It can provide them with theory-based research while also working on their leadership and management skills. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, occupational therapists holding a doctorate degree may reach a salary as high as $122,670.

The job growth for this doctorate is also incredibly high, which means it may be an excellent career path to enter in terms of job security.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $86,110

The number of career options that are available to someone who has a doctorate in criminal justice is typically vast. Working as a criminologist, a criminal justice researcher, or a federal law agency admin can earn graduates a lot of money.

This course of study is best suited for someone who already has real-world experience working in the criminal justice or law sector.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $83,160

Engineering jobs are almost always in demand, and while there are a lot of high paying jobs available for those who have an undergraduate or master’s degree, taking a doctorate in the field can really help you advance your career.

An engineering degree is already one of the highest paying associate degrees , highest paying bachelor degrees , as well as one of the highest paying masters degrees , but the doctorate can be perfect for someone who already has experience working in engineering and wants to take that next step in their career.

A director of engineering job title and other project management positions may offer some very high salaries, about $208,000 or more, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $82,180

With the stigma around mental health finally disappearing, the demand for jobs in psychology is on the rise. While a normal degree or masters in psychology may allow you to get jobs as a psychiatrist or a psychologist, higher-paying positions can become available following a doctorate.

It may also open up roles in research and as a university lecturer in the subject. The doctorate is suited to someone who already has their masters in psychology or who has a significant amount of experience working in the field.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $80,790
• Job Growth: 9%

Getting a degree in philosophy can potentially lead to a surprisingly lucrative career in research or working as a lecturer. The doctorate is suited for someone who wants to work in research and who has a background in philosophy or religious studies.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, salaries in this field are around $80,790 per year working in a research role, and up to $180,360 for college professors.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $79,300

Organic chemistry, perhaps more than any of the other sciences, can open up a lot of different career options for doctorates. As well as research and academic positions, someone who studies organic chemistry may be able to land a job in a number of different areas, including geology, the pharmaceutical industry, and engineering.

Organic chemistry is a notoriously difficult subject to study, though, so it is vital that you have a solid background in chemistry and some work experience before attempting to join the program. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, salaries can go as high as $139,650 in this field.

• Annual Median Salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics): $69,000
• Job Growth: 2%

A doctorate in English can open a range of different academic doors for potential students. A PhD in English may be perfect for someone who already has an academic background in the subject and can also be perfect for qualified teachers and writers looking to take the next step in their career.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, a doctorate in English may qualify you for a potential career in a lecturing position with salaries as high as $180,360, as well as positions within the publishing industry.

What Are the Different Types of Doctorate Degrees?

There are six common types of terminal degrees.

• Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) – Traditionally reserved for those who want to remain in the world of academia, Ph.D. degrees focus on maximizing your ability to impart this advanced knowledge to incoming students. Outside of teaching, Ph.D. candidates also focus on pushing the limits of research and theoretical study within their chosen fields.
• Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) – The DBA experience is all about turning your terminal research in the areas of finance, marketing, accounting, and other related fields into applicable real-world skills. DBA graduates traditionally work in the corporate sector as executive officers and other ranking members of various managerial teams.
• Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) – PsyD students aim to provide clinical services within a wide range of settings, including group, familial, medical, scholastic, and even corporate environments. Earning this degree can give you the power to serve as a practicing clinician or specialized counselor.
• Doctor of Education (EdD) – Capturing an EdD degree is the first step toward a leadership role within the corporate and administrative side of the education field. Working as a principal, district supervisor, or even regional superintendent all fit into the professional path of this degree.
• Doctor of Social Work (DSW) – If you’re interested in educating others on the best practices and leading theories of modern social work and community interaction, then a DSW program could be your option. Holders of this degree research and educate others in the social work field via hands-on training in the classroom and the office, as well as provide answers and guidance in unique or exceptional social issue cases.
• Doctor of Public Health (DPH) – Like most of the other degrees in this review, earning a DPH is all about the desire to lead others in a chosen workplace environment. In this case, that means maintaining residency as an administrator or public health coordinator at a hospital or a similar clinical setting.

The type of doctorate degree you will want to earn depends on your career goals and primarily whether you want to teach the subject or continue working in your field.

Campus or Online: Which One Is Right for You?

It’s no big secret that whichever doctorate route you choose, you will most likely be rewarded for your hard work and research via ample compensation. However, you can make this process a little easier on yourself by focusing on a path – either online or on-campus – that suits your unique needs and daily requirements.

While the appeal of the traditional college experience is the major selling point for the on-campus approach, working on your degree from home is a flexible alternative that can shape and mold itself to your current personal and professional schedule by allowing you to work on your research and coursework at your own pace.

Adding in that these doctorate programs often waive Graduate Record Examination (GRE) minimum scores based on your GPA, as well as reduce or completely remove residency requirements, is further proof that this approach is at least worth your consideration as you plan out your academic future.

Questions Related to Earning a Doctorate

Here are our answers to a few more questions you might have.

How Much Do PhD Graduates Earn?

PhD Graduates make on average close to $100,000, with some job positions paying nearer the $70,000 mark and others going well about $208,000 (Bureau of Labor Statistics).

There may be some who question whether it is worth taking the time to invest in a PhD. Doctorate programs require a lot of time and effort, but studies suggest that PhD students typically earn more and find it easier to attract higher-paying jobs than those with just an undergraduate or a master’s degree.

What Are the Highest Paying Degrees?

A lot of degrees can lead to well-paying jobs. The more specialized a degree is in a certain field, the higher the chances are that it will be well paying. These degrees currently tend to be those in the engineering sector, as these are the ones that offer the most in-demand jobs.

What Is the Highest Paying PhD Degrees?

Once again, this one will depend on how specialized your PhD is and how in-demand that expertise is at a given time. Engineering PhDs tend to be evergreen, while there is an increasing demand for those with PhDs and knowledge in computer science and other IT related subjects.

PhDs usually provide those who have them with a lot of the highest paying jobs opportunities.

Are There Any Degrees Higher than a PhD?

No, there are no higher degrees than a PhD.

A PhD, also regularly referred to as just a doctorate, is as high as you can go academically. It is a specialized research doctorate that demonstrates a high level of expertise in a field. Most people who obtain their PhD tend to stay on at universities as either a member of a research team or as a lecturer.

Do you need a masters to get a PhD ? While many PhD programs require you to earn a masters first, it is possible to earn your PhD without having earned a masters. These are the direct entry bachelor’s to PhD programs offered by some universities.

Getting Your Doctorate Degree

It is important that you take the time to do your research into what doctorate will help your career the most. Once you have done this, you can begin to find the right university and program for you and begin the next step in your academic and professional career.

Now that you understand your career prospects and doctorate opportunities, it’s time to lay out the blueprint for a successful future.

Outside of conducting research on each of the areas that interest you, feel free to use the search tool below to find accredited universities that offer online doctoral programs in your chosen field.

When paired up with the rest of what you’ve learned here, there’s nothing that can stop you from finding the right school – and program of study – to fit your personal and professional goals moving forward.

Top 10 Highest Paying Social Science Jobs

Krystle Dodge

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 Are you fascinated by human behavior, history, and culture? Do you want to learn more about political and economic systems? If you are curious about how humans interact within a society, consider the best-paying  social science jobs out there.

Why Work in the Social Sciences?

Why might prospective students consider pursuing social scientist jobs? The reason isn’t only because social science majors are some of the richest and most interesting fields of study. Earning a social science degree can also prepare students for a variety of different career paths. Some jobs with a social science degree offer high earning potential.

Aside from salary potential, jobs in social science can be very fulfilling.  Working in social science gives you the chance to make a difference in the world by influencing public policy or helping people. 

Social Science Examples

To enter the field of social sciences, you will need some form of social science degree. You can find a variety of social science degrees at numerous colleges and universities. This broad area of study encompasses several subjects and distinct majors. Interdisciplinary fields of study may also be part of a social science degree program .

Examples of social sciences include:

• Gender and Women’s Studies
• Anthropology
• Linguistics
• Ethnic Studies
• Political Science

Many social science careers are both financially and personally fulfilling. Some of the examples of social science jobs listed below even earn six-figure salaries. 

The Skills You Can Learn by Studying Social Science

Majoring in social science isn’t just about getting a degree, but about developing skills in your field of study.

Students often learn specific skills in the course of pursuing a social science degree. Examples of the specific and technical skills social science graduates may learn include:

• How to use Geographic Information System (GIS) as a geographer
• How to perform labor-intensive research in archives full of historical documents as historians
• How to clean, preserve and arrange collections of artifacts as a museum technician

Some of the skills social science students develop include:

• Research skills:  The social sciences use scientific methodology to gather data. From this data, they can draw interpretations. Social science students must develop skills in both quantitative research and qualitative research. Quantitative research pertains to measurable or numeric data. Qualitative research pertains to non-numerical information learned through observation or interviews. Research skills are crucial for advancing knowledge of one’s social science field. 
• Analytical skills:   What do social scientists do once they have gained data through their quantitative and qualitative research ? They need to make meaning out of this data. Doing so requires strong analytical skills. Social science majors need to learn how to perform both quantitative and qualitative analyses of data . Quantitative analyses are numerical analyses of statistical data. Qualitative analyses allow social scientists to make sense of the key concepts of a social phenomenon . 
• Critical thinking skills: Skills in critical thinking are essential in social science. Social science professionals think critically about the information they need and how best to attain it . They think critically about how to interpret the quantitative and qualitative data they uncover . They also need this skill to understand the broader impacts of their findings.
• Decision-making skills:   Making decisions is part of the work of many  social science careers . Social science professionals may be responsible for making many kinds of decisions. What grant funding should they apply for? How should they proceed with research efforts? Which artifacts should they include in museum collections? Making decisions in jobs in social science isn’t always straightforward. For example, public policies often have complex social causes and effects. Policy analysts may have to recommend the policy decisions that offer the most benefits with the fewest tradeoffs . 
• Communication skills: Part of many social science careers is expressing one’s findings. Social science professionals do this through written or oral forms of communication. Examples include written reports, presentations at conferences and exhibitions used to educate laypeople. Strong communication skills help with interviewing sources. This includes skills in active listening.

What Are the Highest-Paying Social Science Careers?

Is one of these careers in social science the right choice for you? Browse our list of the top 10 highest-paying social science careers to find the perfect career path for you. If you are looking for social science careers that are in demand and offer strong earning potential, you’re in the right place.  

1. Political Scientist

If you have an interest in politics, then a career as a political scientist might be the right choice for you. This is the highest-paid job in the social sciences profession, based on median salary.

Political scientists investigate how political systems originated and progressed and how they currently operate. They follow political trends and develop new political policies and ideas.

As scientists, these social science professionals collect and analyze data. For example, they study historical texts, as well as the statistics behind election results and surveys. Based on their findings, they predict patterns and trends relating to politics, the economy, and social changes. Political scientists also test new and current ideologies, policies, laws, and current events.

RELATED: Is Washington, D.C., the Only Place Where a Significant Number of Jobs Are Available for a Political Science Major to Work?

So, where do political scientists find jobs? The number of possible workplaces for these professionals is surprising. Many political scientists – more than 50% – work for the federal government. Another common employment industry for this social science occupation is political lobbying groups.

Other examples of work environments for a political scientist include:

• Academic and educational institutions
• Labor organizations
• N onprofit organizations
• Think tanks

As of 2021, around 6,300 political scientists work working in America, according to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics ( BLS ). The occupation is likely to grow by 6% between 2021 and 2031.

How Much Do Political Scientists Earn?

As of 2021, the BLs reported a median annual salary of $122,510 for political scientists. That works out to nearly $60 per hour.

The median salary is the midpoint salary workers in this occupation make in a year. Some political scientists earn more and others earn less. The highest-paid 10% of this profession earned more than $172,490 in 2021. The lowest-paid 10% of the field reported earnings of less than $61,480, according to the BLS.

What Education Do You Need to Be a Political Scientist?

To work in most jobs in political science, you need a formal social science education. The BLS reported a master’s degree as the minimum level of education typically required for this career. Most aspiring political scientists major in political science in college. Majoring in public administration, public policy or public affairs can also prepare you for this social science career path.

Many political science degree programs allow students to focus some of their studies on an area of interest within the field. Popular s pecialization options in a degree in political science include:

• American politics
• International relations
• Comparative politics
• Political theory

2. Economist

You hear a lot about the economy in the news. How would you like to earn a living researching not only the numbers but the factors behind economic data?

Economist is another social science career with a six-figure median salary. 

Economists study how goods, services, and resources are produced and distributed. They create and conduct surveys and compile and analyze the results.

Economists draw from current data and historical trends to predict changes and patterns in the economy. They help companies, individuals, and government weather economic changes. Part of the job of an economist is to present their findings and forecasts. To do this, they use many forms of communication, from charts and tables to journal articles.

RELATED: In What Kind of Areas Will a Master’s in Economics Open Doors for Me?

The economy isn’t just about money but about resources of all kinds. Economists investigate the costs of education, energy, healthcare and consumer products.

Economists may work in the following fields:

• Financial economics
• Industrial organization economics
• International economics
• Labor economics
• Macroeconomics and microeconomics
• Public finances

Some of the job responsibilities that e conomists in government roles perform include:

• Predicting funding and spending needs
• Studying the economic ramifications of policies and laws
• Gathering and evaluating information about the national economy

The economists who find employment with private corporations often evaluate the demand for and sales of a product or service. They give advice to business leaders on how the economy can improve their profits.

Economists who work in think tanks usually research economic issues. They share their findings and predictions in newspapers and journals.

How Much Do Economists Earn?

The median salary the BLS reported for economists in 2021 was $105,630. The top 10% of earners in this occupation made more than $193,690, while the bottom 10% of earners made $62,460.

What Education Do You Need to Become an Economist?

For most economist roles, a bachelor’s degree in social science isn’t enough. Having a bachelor’s degree in economics will only qualify workers for some entry-level economist roles. If you want access to more extensive job opportunities in the field of economics, you will need at least a master’s degree in economics . Some economists pursue a Ph.D. in economics in areas like the following:

• Theoretical and applied econometrics
• Political economics
• Health economics
• Economic theory 

3. Industrial-Organizational Psychologist

The field of industrial-organizational psychology is dedicated to studying human behavior in the workplace. Industrial-organizational psychologists put the same principles and research methods used in the broader field of psychology to use in the work environment.

RELATED: What Is the Salary Potential for Someone With a Psychology Degree?

The field of  industrial-organizational psychology has a place in a wide range of departments. These departments include:

• Business administration
• Human resources

These social science professionals often work with management to hire and train employees, create company policies, and plan the growth and development of the business. They seek to solve workplace problems, such as improving productivity and increasing morale.

Industrial-organizational psychologists may investigate a variety of topics involving workplace behavior, such as:

• Team effectiveness
• Employee motivation
• Occupational stress
• Safety risks and job performance

Industrial-organizational psychologists use their knowledge to help companies select, train and retain the right employees. They make the work environment a more productive one by utilizing their expertise in how the human mind works .

How Much Do Industrial-Organizational Psychologists Earn?

What education do you need to become an industrial-organization psychologist.

While most psychologist roles require a doctorate, industrial-organizational psychologist is an exception. You can qualify for this social science career with a master’s in industrial-organizational psychology.

These graduate-level programs typically include coursework in areas like the following:

• The foundations and methods of industrial-organizational psychology
• Organizational behavior
• Psychometrics
• Organizational management
• Statistics 

4. Sociologist

If you’re interested in the way people interact, a career in sociology could be right for you. Sociologists investigate social interactions between and among humans. 

Sociologists observe interactions within and across:

• Organizations
• Social institutions
• Groups and relationships

Sociologists develop theories to explain these interactions and social processes. To test their theories, sociologists conduct research according to the scientific method. Sociologists use surveys, interviews with subjects and their own observations to gather data.

Once a research study is complete, sociologists present their findings through reports, journal articles and presentations. Often, the work of sociologists becomes the basis for public policy reforms.

RELATED: What Are Some Typical Job Titles That Are Actually About Being a Sociologist?

Sociologists collaborate with practitioners in other fields, including educators, lawmakers, policymakers, administrators, social workers and other social science professionals. They determine how social forces– and related factors like economic forces, political forces and religious forces – influence behavior. Part of sociologists’ work is to find solutions to these problems.

RELATED: What Kind of Economic Future Can I Expect as a Sociologist?

The largest share of the sociologist occupation, 41%, worked in the field of research and development in the social sciences and humanities as of 2021, the BLS reported.  Sociologists also work in universities, management and scientific consulting firms and government roles.

The study of sociology is broad, encompassing many different types of social relationships and institutions. Most sociologists focus their work on a specific area of the field. 

Concentration areas within the field of sociology include:

• P opulation

How Much Do Sociologists Earn?

The median salary the BLS reported for sociologists as of 2021 was $92,910. The major industry of employment for this field that paid the highest salaries was state government, where the median wage was $105,120 per year. In the field of research and development in the social sciences and humanities, the median salary amounted to $99,640. In comparison, sociologists working for the educational services industry made significantly less, with a median salary of $64,670.

What Education Do You Need to Become a Sociologist?

How do you become a sociologist? Sociologists need a degree from educational institutions like colleges and universities. With only a bachelor’s degree, you’re more likely to find entry-level roles in related areas like community services, social services, education and public policy than actual sociologist positions. If you want to be a sociologist, you will need at least a m aster’s – and potentially a Ph.D. – in sociology. 

5. Geographer

Do you have an interest in both the physical and the social sciences? A career in geography will expose you to both.

Geographers research the earth, including:

• The physical features of the land
• The cultures that inhabit the land
• The political structures in place within a culture

Because the field of geography is so broad, most geographers specialize on certain aspects of the discipline. Sp ecialists within the field of geography include:

• Physical geographers
• E conomic geographers
• Political geographers
• C ultural geographers
• Human geographers
• Medical geographers
• Environmental geographers
• Regional geographers
• U rban geographers

Each type of specialist must have a thorough background in both general geography and their chosen specialty. Geographers may provide guidance to professionals outside the social sciences. This work may include everything from helping governments develop policies and laws to helping businesses create effective marketing strategies.

RELATED: Best Paying Jobs With a Geography Degree

Geographers are researchers. To collect their research data, geographers study data and research materials like the following: 

• Satellite imagery
• Photographs
• Census responses

Geographers also perform fieldwork of their own. Visiting the region they’re studying allows them to make their own observations.

Research in the field of geography encompasses both numbers and statistics and interviews and surveys of the humans inhabiting the region. During the course of their research, geographers use technologies such as:

• Remote sensing
• Geographic information systems (GIS)
• Global positioning systems (GPS)

They collect and assess geographic data and identify patterns.  Geographers share their findings in presentations, written reports and visual modes such as maps, diagrams, and graphs.

RELATED: What Skills Are Best to Have in Order to Become a Geographer?

Each type of specialist must have a thorough background in both geography and their chosen specialty. Geographers may provide guidance to professionals outside the social sciences. This includes helping governments develop policies and laws and helping businesses create effective marketing strategies.

How Much Do Geographers Earn?

The BLS reported a median salary of $85,220 per year for geographers in 2021. The best-paid geographers earned more than $118,380 per year. That’s more than twice what the lowest-paid 10% of the occupation earned, which was less than $53,410.

What Education Do You Need to Become a Geographer?

Geographer is one social science professional for which graduate education isn’t always necessary. The BLS listed a bachelor’s degree as the minimum level of education required to work as a geographer. In this social science degree program, students will usually take classes in subjects like the following:

• Earth systems
• Human geography
• Theory of geography
• Environmental geography
• Geographical research methods

Often, these programs are broad but customizable, allowing students to pursue an area of specialization.

Once you’ve earned your bachelor’s degree in Geography, you might consider advancing your education at the master’s level. Having a master’s or a Ph.D. is particularly valuable if you want to work in a research position, according to the BLS.

6. Psychologist

Do you often wonder why people think, feel and behave in certain ways? A career in psychology could be in your future.

To put it simply, psychologists investigate human behavior. Some of the ways psychologists may go about studying human behavior include: 

• Performing research studies in laboratories to learn about brain function and behavior
• Gathering and evaluating information gained from their own observations
• Gaining information using tests, surveys and interviews with human subjects

A goal among psychologists is to develop a thorough understanding of behavior patterns. This includes how thoughts, beliefs, and emotions contribute to behavior.

Psychologists work in many different environments, where they perform a variety of job roles. Work environments for psychologists include:

• Inpatient and outpatient healthcare facilities
• Private practices
• Social assistance programs
• Research centers
• Government 

Clinical psychologists are healthcare workers. They diagnose and treat mental health disorders using interventions like psychotherapy, behavioral modification and, in certain states, medication.

Counseling psychologists guide patients in understanding and solving problems in their lives.

School psychologists work in academic services. They help students cope with learning and behavioral problems and reach educational goals.

What about the different types of psychologists that focus more on research? Developmental psychologists investigate the psychological process of growing and aging – mostly among children but sometimes among senior citizens. Social psychologists research the effect of social interactions on human behavior. Forensic psychologists work in the legal system. They testify in court about psychological factors in a criminal, civil or family case.

How Much Do Psychologists Earn?

For the psychologist occupation as a whole, the BLS reported a median wage of $81,040 per year as of 2021. The best-paid psychologists reported earnings above $133,890, while the lowest-paid 10% of the profession earned less than $47,850.

What Education Do I Need to Become a Psychologist?

Most types of psychologists need a doctorate. Practicing psychologists often need to attain a doctoral degree to be licensed . Research psychologists need an extensive education to advance the field of psychological knowledge. There are exceptions, however . Some school psychologists have a specialist-level degree, like the Education Specialist (Ed.S.). 

Social science majors pursuing a doctorate in education can choose from the Doctor of Philosophy (P h.D.) in Psychology and the Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) degree. The Ph.D. is the traditional doctorate and has historically been more research-oriented. The Psy.D. degree is more practitioner-focused. 

RELATED: How Advanced Does My Degree in Psychology Need to Be to Get a Good Job?

7. Urban and Regional Planner  

Land is a valuable but finite resource. Urban and regional planners develop plans for using available land.

The plans urban and regional planners develop may focus on objectives like the following: 

• Establishing new communities
• Enlarging existing communities to adjust to population increases
• Enhancing outdated facilities

How do urban and regional planners being the complex undertaking of planning land development? First, urban and regional planners determine a community’s needs. They collect and assess information. Urban and regional planners use GIS systems to display data on electronic maps, as well as statistical software programs to analyze numerical data.

Part of urban and regional planners’ work is to collaborate with land developers and public officials. They make sure plans and proposals meet all environmental regulations as well as zoning and building codes. Some urban and regional planners also supervise and coordinate community land-use projects.

More than two-thirds of all urban and regional planners worked for local governments as of 2021, the BLS reported. The rest find employment in industries such as:

• Architecture and en gineering services
• Management, scientific and technical consulting services
• The federal government 

Urban and regional planners generally focus on identifying and meeting the needs of a community by creating and updating facilities. However, there are many different ways to use land. The best use for any given stretch of land depends on the needs of the community around it. In their plans, urban and regional planners may develop uses for land that range from schools to homeless shelters and parks to residential and commercial property developments.

As you might expect, planning these diverse types of land use requires expertise in a variety of different areas. Urban and regional planners often specialize in planning certain types of land use. Examples of the areas of specialization an urban or regional planner may focus on include: 

• E conomic development
• Environmental and natural resources planning
• Land use and code enforcement
• Transportation
• Urban design planning

How Much Do Urban and Regional Planners Earn?

For urban and regional planners, the median salary in 2021 was $78,500, according to the BLS. The urban and regional planners who brought home the highest salaries made more than $119,340. Those in the lowest income group earned less than $48,720 per year. 

Although the federal government employed just 2% of the occupation in 2021, it paid the highest among major industries of employment, with a median salary of $101,860. Urban and regional planners working for local governments earned considerably less. For them, the median wage was $77,290 per year.

What Education Do I Need to Become an Urban or Regional Planner?

As is the case in many careers with a social science degree, a bachelor’s degree may not be enough if you want to become an urban or regional planner. With a bachelor’s degree, the best you can hope for is usually a junior planner or assistant role. Most urban and regional planners need a master’s degree. Furthermore, students interested in this career path should look for a graduate degree in urban or regional planning that is accredited by the Planning Accreditation Board, the BLS reported.

8. Historian

If you have an interest in the past, a career as a historian could be for you. Historian is the name for the social science professional who is primarily concerned with the study of the past.

In their work, historians comb through books, government records, photographs, archived articles, artifacts and historical texts. They a ssess these documents to learn if they are authentic. They may translate the contents of texts that are written in other languages or transcribe handwritten documents. Some historians work to preserve historical documents in safe locations, such as historic sites and museums. 

Through their work, historians expand our understanding of the past. They may publish their findings in scholarly articles or books as well as create educational exhibits at museums and historical associations.

Some historians study ancient cultures, figures and events primarily because these topics are interesting. In other cases, historians investigate history for current and practical purposes. Examples of this application of the study of history include informing government policies and shedding light on the historical factors involved in legal matters.

RELATED: What Skills Will I Have After Getting a Degree in History That Will Be Useful When Looking for a Job?

More than half of all historians work for the government. The federal government employs most government historians, accounting for 23% of the occupation as a whole. Both local governments and state governments employ another 15% of the profession. Many historians – a full 25% of the occupation – work for the professional, scientific and technical services industry. 

Historians work in a variety of environments, including: 

• Historical societies
• Nonprofit organizations
• Consulting firms
• Research organizations

Many historians focus on particular aspects of the past. For example, a historian may be an expert on certain historic battle sites or on the history of particular religious groups.

RELATED: When I Study for a Master’s or Ph.D. in History, How Do I Go About Deciding What Topic to Focus On?

How Much Does a Historian Earn?

As a whole, historians earn somewhat less than some of the more lucrative roles on our list of jobs with a social science degree. The median salary the BLS reported amounted to $63,940 as of 2021. The highest-earning historians are well off, with salaries above $118,380. For the lowest-earning 10% of historians, annual earnings amount to less than $37,310

What Education Do You Need to Become a Historian?

Most historians earn a social science degree at the master’s or doctoral level. Obviously, history is a popular field of study for aspiring historians. You could also prepare for a career in this field by earning a degree in areas like a rchival management, museum studies or historical preservation. 

9. Anthropologist and Archeologist

Historians aren’t the only ones concerned with the past. Anthropologists and archeologists, too, often study human cultures throughout history. However, anthropologists and archeologists are more concerned with the development and behaviors of specific cultures than with historical events and texts. Another difference between these occupations is that, while historians primarily care about advancing knowledge of the past, some anthropologists focus on modern cultures and societies living anywhere in the world. 

What is the difference between anthropologists and archeologists? Generally, anthropologists are concerned with cultural research relating to modern cultures, often through observation and interviews. Archeologists work primarily with artifacts from the past.

RELATED: What Are Some Specific Jobs Where an Anthropology Degree is Helpful and Useful?

As scientists, anthropologists and archeologists do the hands-on work of researching the cultures and societies in which they are interested. For the study of modern societies, this work may entail direct observation and interviews with sources who are part of that culture. Studying ancient societies may mean excavating the sites of these long-gone civilizations.

RELATED: I know Being an Archeologist Isn’t Like Being Indiana Jones. What’s a Typical Day as One?

How Much Do Anthropologists and Archeologists Earn?

The median salary for all anthropologists and archeologists amounted to $61,910 in 2021, according to the BLS . The top-earning anthropologists and archeologists reported wages above $99,830 per year. For the 10% of the field that earned the lowest wages, salaries were below $37,870 annually.

What Education Do You Need to Become an Anthropologist or Archeologist?

10. survey researcher.

Many social science careers rely at least in part on information gleaned through survey responses. However, research data is only as good as the methodology used to collect it. A flawed survey or experiment design will result in inaccurate data. That’s where survey researchers come in. 

Survey researchers specialize in creating quality surveys and interpreting the information that results. They begin crafting a survey by performing background research on the subject. This knowledge informs the questions they ask and the format of the survey. Survey researchers consider the purpose of the survey and then choose the survey methods most appropriate for that purpose.

RELATED: What Professions Look to Survey Researchers for Help?

Before going out to gather data through surveys and questionnaires, survey researchers test their surveys. They want to make sure that subjects will understand their questions and that their questions are unbiased. Survey researchers must identify an appropriate population to whom they will administer surveys.

To compile the results of their research, survey researchers use their knowledge of statistics. They plug their data into statistical software so they can run analyses of their information. To quickly convey their findings, survey researchers may create tables and fact sheets.

RELATED: Statistics Jobs: What Kind of Job Can You Get With a Degree in Statistics?

Survey researchers work in:

• Academic institutions
• Corporations
• Research firms
• Government agencies
• Polling organizations

The surveys that survey researchers create may cover a wide range of topics, from scientific to political and social to economic. 

How Much Do Survey Researchers Earn?

The  BLS reported a median annual salary of $59,740 for survey researchers in 2021. While the best-paid survey researchers earned six figures, the lowest-paid 10% of the field reported earnings of less than $26,360.

Earnings for survey researchers depend on part on their industry of employment. The scientific research and development services industry paid survey researchers a median salary of $62,410 per year . The educational services industry paid a median annual wage of $48,210 for this occupation . 

What Degree Do I Need to Become a Survey Researcher?

Education: Master’s Degree in Survey Research, Statistics or Marketing Research

Editor’s Note : The salary and education information in this article came from the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) . The BLS is a federal agency that measures and reports on the labor market and various occupations . This data was last updated in 2023 based on the most recent BLS data available.

In any profession, earning potential and education requirements vary across locations and employers. Students considering a career with a social science degree should view this article as a guide only . As they prepare for a career, they should do further research.

For Further Reading:

• 20 Best Online Bachelor’s in Psychology Degrees
• 20 Best Online Degree Offerings for Social Sciences
• Top 10 Online Bachelor’s Degree Programs in Environmental Science
• Top 10 Highest Paying Engineering Careers
• Top 10 Paying Jobs That Involve Math
• Top 10 Paying Jobs With an Associate’s Degree
• 50 Highest Paying Associate Degree Jobs
• How Do I Become a Forensic Anthropologist?
• What Are the 5 Best Careers in Environmental Science?
• How Much Can I Make With a Degree in Digital Marketing?
• What Degree Do I Need to Be a Policy Analyst?
• How Long Does It Take to Become a Psychologist?
• What Masters in Social Work Salary Can I Expect After I Earn My Degree?
• What Degree Do I Need to Be an Intelligence Analyst?

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10 Highest-Paying Ph.D. Degrees

N. Susan Emeagwali

Contributing Writer

Learn about our editorial process .

Updated November 9, 2023 · 4 Min Read

Margaret Weinhold

Contributing Editor

GradSchoolHub.com is an advertising-supported site. Featured or trusted partner programs and all school search, finder, or match results are for schools that compensate us. This compensation does not influence our school rankings, resource guides, or other editorially-independent information published on this site.

Are you ready to discover your college program?

Earning a Ph.D. requires a significant investment of time and money. A Ph.D. is the terminal degree in many fields and requires 6-12 years of advanced learning and research.

Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) shows a direct link between educational attainment, earnings, and levels of unemployment. Workers with bachelor's degrees earned a median weekly wage of $1,432 in 2022, compared to $2,083 a week for professionals with doctorates.

Workers with doctorates also enjoyed more job security, with a 1% unemployment rate compared to 2.2% for bachelor's degree holders.

So what exactly is the highest-paying Ph.D. degree? Keep reading to discover which degrees can lead to the highest salaries, and what you need to do to earn the credential.

Ph.D. Degrees for You

These top schools offer a variety of online graduate degree programs. Figuring out where to apply? Consider one of these online Master’s or Ph.D. programs.

What Are the Highest-Paying Ph.D. Degrees?

Science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields dominate this ranking of the highest-paying Ph.D.s. Review some of these careers, their educational requirements, and the basic functions of each job.

1. Ph.D. in Physics

• Median Annual Salary (May 2022): $142,850
• Job Outlook (2022-2032): 5%

Physicists study matter and energy to understand how the natural world and universe function. They work at universities, laboratories, and in industrial settings. Their breakthroughs lead to the development of new technologies and devices. Physicists seeking employment in academia and research typically need a Ph.D. Many begin their careers by spending 2-3 years in postdoctoral research positions.

2. Ph.D. in Computer Science

• Median Annual Salary (May 2022): $136,620
• Job Outlook (2022-2032): 23%

Computer scientists develop new technologies and improve existing ones. Employers need their theoretical knowledge and computing skills for practical application in the real world. Computer science subfields include artificial intelligence, programming, and robotics.

Some employers hire computer scientists with bachelor's or master's degrees . Positions in areas such as research may require a Ph.D. and hands-on experience. The BLS projects a 23% employment growth rate for computer scientists through 2032, the highest rate on this list.

Explore these promoted online computer science Ph.D. degree programs.

3. ph.d. in astronomy.

• Median Annual Salary (May 2022): $128,330

What we know about the world above us is in great part due to the work of astronomers . These scientists study stars, planets, and distant galaxies. Astronomers work for governmental organizations, in research and development, and at postsecondary institutions. A Ph.D. in astronomy is typically required for jobs in research and academia, according to the BLS.

4. Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering

• Median Annual Salary (May 2022): $126,880
• Job Outlook (2022-2032): 6%

Aerospace engineers work in one of two branches. Aeronautical engineers design aircraft and related systems, and astronautical engineers specialize in the inner workings of spacecraft and their performance. The BLS reports that entry-level positions require a bachelor's degree in engineering or a related field.

Employers may require a Ph.D. for research and advanced technical or supervisory positions. Like many of the highest-paying Ph.D. degrees on this ranking, a Ph.D. in aerospace engineering can earn you well above six figures.

5. Ph.D. in Law

• Median Annual Salary (May 2022): $135,740
• Job Outlook (2022-2032): 8%

While students who want to practice law pursue a juris doctor (JD), aspiring scholars and teachers pivot to a Ph.D. in law. Students in these programs prepare for leadership roles in academia, the business arena, and other fields. Some Ph.D. programs require students to complete a JD before admission, and others require a master of laws or the equivalent. Potential earnings will depend on the job, field, and experience.

Explore these promoted online legal studies Ph.D. degree programs.

6. ph.d. in chemical engineering.

• Median Annual Salary (May 2022): $106,260

Chemical engineers use their knowledge of chemistry, physics, and engineering to produce chemicals and other materials. They work in fields such as the chemical and oil industries and enjoy growing opportunities in biotechnology and environmental engineering.

While entry-level positions may require just a bachelor's degree, research and other advanced positions typically require a Ph.D. This advanced education can pay off, with the BLS projecting 8% job growth from 2022-2032 and a median six-figure salary for chemical engineers.

7. Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering

• Median Annual Salary (May 2022): $104,610

Electrical engineers design, develop, and maintain electrical systems and equipment. Many electrical engineers specialize in a certain area, such as signal processing or power engineering. A world filled with electronic devices would not be possible without the electrical engineers who specialize in electronics.

As is the case with other areas in engineering, research and advanced positions usually require a master's or Ph.D. Electrical engineers can expect to earn well above the average annual salary across all occupations.

8. Ph.D. in Economics

• Median Annual Salary (May 2022): $113,940

We turn to economists to help guide governmental monetary and fiscal policy and explain the consequences to the public. They also research markets, economies, and trends to help businesses remain competitive and maximize profits. A master's is the minimum entry-level requirement for this career. Advanced positions in research and at governmental and international organizations will likely require a Ph.D. and work experience.

9. Ph.D. in Biochemistry

• Median Annual Salary (May 2022): $103,810
• Job Outlook (2022-2032): 7%

Biochemists study chemical components and biological processes within living things. They might work in fields like pharmaceuticals and biotechnology. A Ph.D. is typically required for research and development positions. Some biochemistry Ph.D. holders begin their careers in postdoctoral research positions. The need for new drugs and procedures to address aging and diseases will likely help spur the demand for biochemists.

10. Ph.D. in Educational Leadership

• Median Annual Salary (May 2022): $99,940
• Job Outlook (2022-2032): 4%

Educational leaders play a critical role as administrators overseeing various functions at postsecondary institutions. Their positions may include management of student affairs or academic programming. They may also work as researchers or in positions like principal or superintendent of a school district.

A master's degree is usually the minimum requirement for these roles, and many professionals hold Ph.D.s in educational leadership or the equivalent.

Explore these promoted online educational leadership Ph.D. degree programs.

Frequently asked questions about high-paying ph.d. degrees, what's the difference between a ph.d. and a doctorate.

Doctoral degrees include Ph.D.s and other doctorates such as a doctor of education (Ed.D.). If you're looking for a terminal degree geared toward professional practice, then a doctorate such as an Ed.D. provides advanced training and leadership skills. A Ph.D. involves more focus on theory, philosophical ideas, and research, and is expected of researchers and college faculty.

How long does it take to earn a Ph.D. degree?

It takes between 6-12 years to earn a doctoral degree. Doctorates in science and engineering (SE) fields often take less time to complete than doctorates in non-SE fields, per the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics .

Can you earn your Ph.D. online?

Yes, but it depends on the program. Ph.D. programs in fields such as STEM require a lot of time on campus for research and dissertation preparation . You might be able to find more fully or mostly online Ph.D. programs in fields like education. Some universities may offer hybrid Ph.D. programs with online and in-person components.

Related Posts

10 Lucrative Career Options For Social Science PhDs

Written by Gemma Paech, Ph.D.

I watched as the news reported cuts to research funding.

It felt like watching animals around a drying watering hole.

Less and less funding meant more and more intense competition to receive grants.

It was literally a “survival of the fittest” situation.

I was especially worried, because social science is often perceived as a “soft” science.

Would these perceived opinions mean that funding to social science research would get cut first?

I watched as many early career researchers at my university failed to get grant funding, while the aging tenured professors were not retiring, despite being well past the retirement age.

Research funding was drying up and tenure-track academic positions were scarce.

It seemed like there was no way to progress or succeed in academia.

I started to think about alternative careers outside of academia .

I spoke to my advisor about my concerns for my future in academia and my desire to leave.

In no uncertain terms, I was told that moving to industry meant I was selling out.

I was told that industry jobs were unreliable, that industry groups only wanted STEM PhDs, and that there were no jobs in industry for social science PhDs.

So, I resigned myself to staying in academia and hoped this was just a phase.

But, funding kept getting more competitive.

My advisor kept asking me to do more and more extra work to earn grants that I would not benefit from.

Plus, I had all my own research to do.

This stress slowly became too much for me to deal with .

So, I made the decision to transition into industry.

I quickly realized that there were many job options for me outside of academia.

I also realized that social science PhDs have transferable skills that are unique from other job candidates.

Unlike the non-existent job prospects I faced in academia, there were seemingly endless prospects for me in industry.

For once, my future as a social science PhD looked bright.

Why Social Science PhDs Need To Leave Academia

Many social science PhDs aim to stay within academia.

The academic system leads PhD students to believe that the only thing that comes after a PhD is an academic postdoc, which then leads to a tenure-track university position.

However, the lack of job prospects within academia means that this doesn’t happen.

The American Association of University Professors (AAUP) reported that 30 years ago, only 32% of all university faculty were hired on a part-time basis.

Today, the number of part-time university faculty has increased to more than 50%.

While these university faculty are only hired on a part-time basis, which tends not to lead to a tenured position, many are still expected to complete a full-time workload.

They are working full-time without any of the benefits of full-time employment.

Plus, this report by AAUP also indicates that non-tenure-track positions are increasing throughout academia.

Even full-time faculty members can find themselves on a non-tenure-track .

As reported by Nature , of the more than 40,000 US postdocs, nearly 4,000 had been in their postdoc position for more than 6 years.

Universities are hiring more part-time faculty and the length of postdoc assignments is increasing because there are not enough academic tenure-track positions to support PhDs.

Do not be strung along by the academic system and work as an underpaid postdoc for upwards of 10 years, only to be denied the academic position you wanted.

Now is the time for you to leave academia .

There are multiple career options for social science PhDs outside the ivory tower.

Top 10 Career Options For Social Science PhDs

There are endless industry opportunities available to social science PhDs.

As a PhD, you can learn anything.

You can learn to write an excellent resume and cover letter .

But, if you don’t know what types of jobs are out there, you won’t be able to successfully transition into industry .

No matter how much preparation you do, you need to know what areas to target.

Here is a list of the top 10 industry positions for social science PhDs…

1. Nonprofit organizations.

Most PhDs don’t initially think of nonprofits as an attractive career option.

This may be because the term, “nonprofit” suggests that you wouldn’t be getting paid.

However, this is far from the truth.

According to PayScale , median salaries for nonprofits range from $50,000 to $63,000.

And, in the US, the nonprofit sector is the third largest among all industries.

The term, “nonprofit” is used to describe an organization where profit is not the main purpose, rather they are committed to a certain goal.

There are nonprofit organizations across a number of different areas including healthcare, charities, advocacy groups, and research institutes.

This industry is ideal for PhDs who want to get away from the hierarchical structure associated with academia.

A nonprofit is also well-suited to PhDs who wish to apply their skills and expertise to working alongside a team of people all reaching towards achieving the same larger goal.

2. Entrepreneurship.

PhDs have excellent transferable skills that are highly sought after in all areas of industry, including entrepreneurship.

As a PhD, your creativity, project management skills, and willingness to learn are indispensable for an aspiring entrepreneur.

Entrepreneurship is an attractive career option for PhDs who want to be their own boss and take control of their career.

As your own boss, you set the rules, but you also need to be confident in your ability to generate new ideas and sell them successfully.

A successful entrepreneurship can be a very lucrative career option for social science PhDs.

While the average salary for a CEO ranges upwards of $100,000, you are only as successful as your company.

In entrepreneurship, it’s up to you, as the CEO, to make your company profitable.

3. Consulting.

A consultant is someone who provides expert advice.

This advice can be in areas of management, marketing, human resources, finance, education, and information technologies.

One particular consulting area that would be well-suited for social science PhDs is educational consulting.

Consultancy is an excellent alternative career option for a social science PhD who has gained a variety of skills and expertise during their PhD or postdoc.

Consultancy positions offer vast opportunities for career advancement, from entry level positions, all the way to CEO positions.

Consultants tend to have reasonable work hours and a good salary, depending on the level of experience and size of the company.

4. Local or national government.

PhDs don’t often consider government positions to be a viable career option.

However, if you look at Angela Merkel, Germany’s Chancellor, who has a PhD in chemistry, you might change your mind.

Regardless of your field of expertise, government positions offer a variety of options for social science PhDs.

Government positions are a good fit for PhDs who have a desire to serve their country or community and who want to leave the private sector behind.

Having a government job comes with predictable paths of promotion, flexibility, and excellent benefits, such as health care and good retirement plans.

Within government, there are multiple job options, ranging from diplomats and scientists, to consultants and politicians, making this an area with options suited to all PhDs.

5. Financial industry.

One area where social science PhDs definitely have an edge over other job candidates is their data analysis, quantitative analysis, and analytical skills.

Many social science PhDs are required to work with large data sets while earning their degrees.

These quantitative and qualitative research skills make social science PhDs great candidates to transition into the financial industry.

The finance sector offers a broad range of specializations including, but not limited to, insurance, actuary jobs, and investment banking.

Financial positions offer high salaries and high levels of job satisfaction, even at entry levels.

According to PhD Career Guide , financial positions offer great opportunities for career progression, which can lead to large salaries of up to $300,000.

6. Professional research.

Many PhDs often mistakenly think that to do research, they need to remain in academia.

However, PhDs can continue to do research outside of academia.

Research positions are available in think tank organizations, publishing, government agencies, banking, education, and many other industries.

All industry areas are extremely eager to hire PhDs, who they know already have the invaluable research skills needed for the job.

The supportive environments, structured promotion systems, and higher pay are just a few reasons it’s better to be a researcher outside of academia .

Additionally, industry researchers are often rewarded, not penalized, for showing initiative and acting as leaders.

According to PayScale , the median salary for industry scientists is $77,000 and can be as high as $120,000.

7. Writing positions.

PhDs, and in particular social science PhDs, are required to do a lot of writing during their degree.

Social science PhDs are expert writers.

PhDs who enjoy the writing aspect of their degrees may also enjoy becoming professional writers.

While you may think that professional writers are just people who write books, there are writing positions available across a wide range of areas.

Newspapers, academic journals, media outlets, and grant-writing organizations are always on the lookout for professional writers.

As a social science PhD, you are able to write on a vast array of topics, not just those related to your research field.

The writing process is similar across different disciplines and your academic writing skills are transferable to a professional writing position in all areas.

8. Working as a freelancer.

For social science PhDs who want to have more flexibility surrounding their work situation, freelance positions can be a good industry opportunity.

As a freelancer, you can choose what type of job you want, who you work for, where you work, and when you work.

There is no other position with this type of flexibility.

This work environment makes a freelancer position particularly well-suited to PhDs who have families and want to spend more time at home.

To be a successful freelancer, you will need to have excellent management skills, organizational skills, and have a self-starting mentality.

Freelancers control their own salaries, as you determine how often you work and how much to charge for the services you provide.

9. High school teaching.

High school teaching may not seem as enticing or lucrative as some teaching positions in academia.

However, if you are a PhD who enjoys sharing your knowledge with others and you are passionate about teaching, high school teaching may be a good career option for you.

One of the biggest perks of teaching high school is that teaching children is highly rewarding.

Many teachers enjoy the chance to interact with students and the opportunity to develop a curriculum.

It can also be rewarding on a personal level to see students improve in their knowledge and understanding.

Plus, high school teachers enjoy an especially long vacation time, compared to other industry positions.

10. Academic and non-academic publishing.

PhDs who enjoy writing and editing may be well-suited to transitioning into a publishing position.

Many academic and non-academic publishing companies look for professional editors and writers with a PhD.

Given the large amount of reading, writing, and editing required in the social sciences, a position at a publishing house is a great option for social science PhDs.

Publishing positions also allow you to stay connected to current research discoveries.

By working with talented scholars and editing the latest research papers, you will have endless opportunity to expand your knowledge.

But don’t limit yourself to the area of your PhD.

The transferable skills you gained during your PhD mean that you could work for a publishing company in any discipline.

As a social science PhD, you may think your job options outside academia are limited. However, there are endless industry opportunities available to social science PhDs outside of academia. These include working for nonprofit organizations, entrepreneurship, working for government or the financial industry, or doing professional research. You can also explore writing positions, freelancing, high school teaching, and academic and non-academic publishing. As a PhD, you can learn anything . But, if you don’t know what types of jobs are out there, you won’t be able to successfully transition into industry. No matter how much preparation you do, you need to know what areas to target.

If you’re ready to start your transition into industry, you can apply to book a free Transition Call with our founder Isaiah Hankel, PhD or one of our Transition Specialists.  Apply to book a Transition Call here.

Hi, I'm Isaiah Hankel, PhD

I am CEO of Cheeky Scientist, the world's premier career training platform for PhDs. If you want free insights on resumes, LinkedIn, interviewing, careers and more, just enter your details below.

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ABOUT GEMMA PAECH, PH.D.

Gemma has a PhD in Social Sciences specializing in sleep and circadian rhythms with a background in genetics and immunology. She is currently transitioning from academia into industry. She has experience in communicating science to lay audiences and believes in sharing scientific knowledge with the public. She is passionate about educating the public about the importance of sleep and the effects of sleep loss and disruption on general health and wellbeing to increase quality of life and work productivity. She is also committed to mentoring students across all demographics, helping them reach their full potential.

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Phd in social work programs: the complete guide.

In the social work profession, a PhD in Social Work stands as a beacon of advanced knowledge and expertise. This degree not only signifies a commitment to the field’s development but also opens doors to influential roles in research, academia, and policy-making.

With the rise of digital education, the option to pursue an online PhD in Social Work has become increasingly popular, offering flexibility and accessibility to a broader range of aspiring professionals. 

For individuals considering a PhD in Social Work, it’s important to explore the nuances of these programs, from the curriculum and costs to the potential careers and salaries that await graduates.

What Is a PhD in Social Work?

A PhD in Social Work is a doctoral-level degree focused on the advanced study of social work practices, theories, and methodologies. The degree is designed for those seeking to contribute to academic knowledge, influence policymaking processes, or lead in high-level professional settings.

The Online PhD in Social Work Experience

Online PhD programs in social work have become a pivotal part of the educational landscape, offering the same rigor and quality as traditional on-campus programs but with greater flexibility. These programs are tailored for working professionals, allowing them to balance their studies with personal and professional commitments.

Core Degree Elements

The curriculum often encompasses a wide range of topics, including advanced research methods, social work theory, and policy analysis. It also covers specialized areas such as mental health, child welfare, or community organization. The program typically culminates in a dissertation, which contributes original research to the field.

Online Learning Technologies

Modern online PhD in Social Work programs utilize a variety of digital tools to deliver course content, facilitate interaction, and enable comprehensive learning. These may include virtual classrooms, online discussion forums, digital libraries, and remote access to faculty and resources.

Why Earn a PhD in Social Work?

Earning a PhD in Social Work can lead to numerous benefits, including enhanced career opportunities, increased earning potential, and the ability to make a significant impact in the field. Graduates often find themselves in roles where they can influence social policies, contribute to academic research, or lead organizations.

Reasons to Study Online

The flexibility of online programs allows individuals to pursue their degrees without disrupting their current professional or personal life. This mode of learning is particularly beneficial for those who require a balance between work, family, and education. Additionally, online PhD in Social Work programs often provide access to a diverse network of professionals and peers from various geographical locations.

Impact on Career Trajectory

Holding a PhD in Social Work can markedly elevate an individual’s career trajectory. It opens doors to advanced roles in academia, research, and high-level administrative positions in social welfare organizations and government agencies.

Online PhD in Social Work vs. Traditional On-Campus Programs

The choice between an online and a traditional on-campus PhD program in social work often hinges on personal circumstances and learning preferences. While the core curriculum and degree value remain consistent across both formats, online programs offer a level of convenience and flexibility that can be crucial for many students.

How Much Does a PhD in Social Work Cost?

The cost of a PhD in Social Work varies based on several factors, including the type of institution (public vs. private), geographical location, and the format of the program (online vs. in-person). Additional expenses like textbooks, technology fees, and possible residency requirements can also impact the total cost.

Average Tuition Rates

Tuition figures and related fees can vary widely depending on the institution and the specific program. The average annual tuition amount for a graduate school program in the 2021-2022 academic year was around $12,596 at public schools and $28,017 at private schools, according to the National Center for Education Statistics .

While tuition rates fluctuate, online programs can sometimes offer more competitive pricing. Prospective students need to research and compare the tuition fees of various institutions to find a program that fits their budget.

Financial Planning

Understanding and planning for the financial commitment of a PhD program is crucial. Prospective students should consider not only tuition but also living expenses, especially if they plan to reduce their work hours during their studies.

Scholarships and Financial Aid

Many institutions and external organizations offer scholarships, grants, and financial aid options specifically for social work doctoral students. These can significantly reduce the financial burden and are worth exploring.

PhD in Social Work Curriculum

Core components.

The curriculum for a PhD in Social Work typically includes advanced coursework in social work theory, research methods, statistics, and policy analysis. These core components are designed to build a strong foundation in both theoretical and practical aspects of the field.

Specialization Areas

Many programs offer specializations in areas such as clinical social work, community and administrative practice, social policy, or social work education. These specializations allow students to focus their studies and research on areas of particular interest or career relevance.

Research and Dissertation

A significant portion of a PhD program is devoted to research, culminating in a dissertation. This involves conducting original research, analyzing data, and contributing new knowledge to the field of social work.

Practical Experience

Although the focus of a PhD in Social Work is often on research and academia, many programs also incorporate practical components such as internships or residencies. These experiences provide students with valuable hands-on experience in their chosen specialization.

Online Program Structure

Online PhD programs in social work are designed to be flexible and accessible. They often feature asynchronous coursework, allowing students to complete assignments on their own schedule, while also providing opportunities for synchronous interactions with faculty and peers.

Admission Requirements for PhD in Social Work Programs

The admission requirements for PhD in Social Work programs will typically vary by institution.

Academic Prerequisites

• Master’s Degree: Most programs require applicants to hold a master’s degree in social work or a closely related field. Some programs might consider applicants with a master’s degree in other disciplines, provided they have relevant work experience.
• GPA Requirements: A minimum grade point average, often around 3.0 or higher, is typically required. This reflects the applicant’s ability to handle rigorous academic work.

Work Experience

• Professional Background: Several years of work experience in social work or a related field can be a prerequisite. This experience demonstrates practical knowledge and commitment to the field.

Research Experience

• Research Skills: Candidates are often expected to have some research experience or understanding, as a PhD program is research-intensive. This can include prior research projects or publications.

Application Materials

• Personal Statement: This is a statement of purpose outlining career goals, research interests, and reasons for pursuing a PhD in Social Work.
• Letters of Recommendation: Typically, this includes two to three letters from academic or professional references who can attest to the candidate’s suitability for doctoral-level study.
• Resume or CV: A resume will detail academic achievements, work experience, and any relevant professional activities.
• Writing Sample: A writing sample can be a research paper or published work that demonstrates writing and research skills.

Standardized Tests

• GRE Scores: Some programs may require Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) scores , although this requirement is becoming less common.
• Personal Interviews: Many programs conduct interviews to assess the candidate’s fit for the program, their research interests, and their potential for contributing to the field.

Accreditation for PhD in Social Work Programs

PhD in Social Work programs may hold accreditation from industry organizations or regional bodies.

Importance of Accreditation

• Quality Assurance: Accreditation ensures that the program meets established standards of quality and rigor. It is a crucial factor for prospective students to consider, as it affects the recognition of the degree and eligibility for certain employment opportunities.
• Eligibility for Licensure: For those looking to pursue licensure, attending an accredited program is often a prerequisite.

Accrediting Bodies

• Council on Social Work Education (CSWE): The primary accrediting body for social work education in the United States. While CSWE accreditation is more common for bachelor’s and master’s programs , its standards are a benchmark for doctoral programs as well.
• Regional Accreditation: Universities often have regional accreditation, which covers all programs offered, including online PhD programs in social work.

Accreditation Process

• Program Evaluation: Accreditation involves a comprehensive evaluation of the program’s curriculum, faculty qualifications, research opportunities, and resources.
• Continuous Review: Accredited programs undergo periodic reviews to ensure ongoing compliance with accreditation standards.

Finding Accredited Programs

• Research: Prospective students should research and verify the accreditation status of a program through the institution’s website or directly from the accrediting bodies.

Accreditation for Online Programs

• Equal Standards: Online PhD programs in social work are held to the same accreditation standards as traditional on-campus programs. This ensures that the quality of education and degree recognition is consistent, regardless of the mode of delivery.

Career Options for People With PhDs in Social Work

A PhD in Social Work opens a wide range of career opportunities beyond traditional social work roles. Graduates are equipped for leadership, research, and teaching positions, often influencing policy and practice on a larger scale. Here are some of the key career paths:

Academic Careers

• University Professors: Educate the next generation of social workers, engaging in research, and publishing scholarly articles. Teach future social workers at universities and colleges.
• Research Scientists: Conduct research in universities, think tanks, or research institutions, focusing on social welfare policies, human behavior, or community development. Lead or participate in academic research, contributing to the advancement of social work knowledge and practices.

Policy and Leadership Roles

• Policy Advisors: Shape social policies at local, state, or federal government levels, utilizing their research to inform decision-making. Develop and analyze policies affecting social welfare.
• Program Director: Take on executive roles in nonprofit organizations, driving mission-focused strategies and community programs. Oversee large social service programs or departments.

Clinical Practice and Consultation

• Clinical Social Workers: With a clinical license, practice in clinical settings, providing advanced therapy and counseling services, often in specialized areas like mental health or family services.
• Consultants: Offer expertise to organizations or government agencies on social work practices and policy development.

Other Specialized Roles

• Social Work Administrators: Leading social welfare departments or agencies, focusing on policy implementation and organizational management.
• Community Advocate: Work in or with communities to develop and implement programs addressing social issues.

The Diversity of Roles

• The scope of careers extends beyond these roles, offering opportunities in diverse areas aligned with individual interests and expertise.

PhD in Social Work Salary and Job Outlook

Individuals should learn about career salary and job outlook expectations when considering earning a PhD in Social Work. A PhD in Social Work generally leads to higher salaries compared to the salaries of individuals with a bachelor’s or master’s degree in the field. Salaries vary depending on the specific career path, with academic and high-level administrative positions typically offering higher wages.

Salary Expectations

• Academic Roles: Professors and researchers in social work can expect an average salary range that varies significantly based on institution, location, and experience. As per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median annual wage for postsecondary teachers was approximately $80,840 in May 2022. 
• Administrative Roles: Social work administrators and directors often have higher earning potentials, with salaries depending on the size and type of their organization.
• Clinical Practice: Licensed clinical social workers with a PhD can earn higher salaries than those with a master’s degree, reflecting their advanced expertise. Individuals with a doctoral degree in social work earned about $95,000 per year in 2023, according to Payscale, while those with a master’s degree earned $61,000 .

Job Outlook

• Growing Field: The field of social work is projected to grow. According to the BLS, employment of social workers is projected to grow 7% from 2022 to 2032, faster than the average for all occupations. 
• Academic Demand: The demand for social work educators is also expected to rise in response to the growing need for trained social workers. Employment of postsecondary teachers is projected to grow 8% between 2022 and 2032.
• Policy and Research Opportunities: As social issues evolve, there is a growing need for PhD-level professionals in policy analysis, program development, and research.
• Impact of Social Issues: Increasing awareness of social issues like mental health, child welfare, and aging populations is driving demand for advanced expertise in social work.

Factors Influencing Salary and Job Outlook

• Geographical Location: Salaries and job opportunities can vary significantly by region, influenced by local demand and cost of living.
• Specialization Area: Certain areas of social work, such as clinical social work or policy development, may offer different salary ranges and job prospects.
• Experience and Position Level: As with most fields, experience and the level of the position held can significantly impact earning potential.

Scholarships and Financial Aid Information for a PhD in Social Work

Pursuing a PhD in Social Work is a significant investment in time and resources. However, a variety of financial aid options, including scholarships, grants, and fellowships, can help mitigate the cost. Here’s a breakdown of potential financial aid sources:

University-Specific Scholarships

• Merit-Based Scholarships: These scholarships are offered by many universities to students with outstanding academic records or research potential.
• Need-Based Grants: These grants provide assistance based on the student’s financial need.

External Scholarships and Fellowships

• Professional Organizations: Bodies like the National Association of Social Workers offer scholarships specifically for social work students.
• Research Grants: These grants provide opportunities for funding from organizations interested in specific areas of social work research.

Government and Foundation Aid

• Federal and State Scholarships: Various government-funded scholarships are available, often focusing on underserved areas or specific fields within social work.
• Private Foundations: Some private organizations offer scholarships, often targeting specific demographics or areas of study.

Loan Forgiveness Programs

• Public Service Loan Forgiveness: For graduates working in public service or nonprofit sectors, some loan forgiveness programs may be available.

Tips for Applying

• Start Early: Begin searching for scholarships and grants well before the program starts.
• Diverse Applications: Apply for multiple scholarships to increase your chances of receiving financial aid.

PhD in Social Work FAQ

How much can you earn with a phd in social work.

Salaries vary widely based on the career path and experience and education levels. The median annual salary for social workers was $55,350 in 2022, according to the BLS, with the top 10% of earners making more than $87,300.

How Long Does it Take to Earn a PhD in Social Work?

It typically takes three to five years to complete a PhD in Social Work, depending on the program structure and the student’s pace.

Is Getting a PhD in Social Work Worth it?

A PhD in Social Work is valuable for those aiming for advanced research, academic, or high-level administrative roles in the field. It offers opportunities for greater impact, higher salaries, and a leadership role in shaping social policies.

Can I Earn a PhD in Social Work Entirely Online?

Yes, many reputable universities offer fully online PhD programs in social work, providing flexibility for working professionals.

What Careers Can an Individual With a PhD in Social Work Get?

Graduates can pursue careers in academia, research, policy analysis, program administration, clinical practice, and nonprofit leadership.

Choosing the Right Online PhD in Social Work Program

When selecting an online PhD program in social work, it’s important to consider several key factors to ensure the program aligns with your career goals and learning style:

Accreditation

• Ensure Accreditation: Confirm that the program is accredited by relevant bodies, such as the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) or regional accreditation organizations. This is crucial for the quality of education and future career opportunities.

Curriculum and Specializations

• Relevant Curriculum: Review the curriculum to ensure it covers areas you are interested in.
• Specializations: Some programs offer specializations in areas like clinical social work, community practice, or policy and administration.

Faculty Expertise

• Experienced Faculty: Look for programs with faculty who have practical experience and research expertise in areas that interest you.

Flexibility and Format

• Flexible Scheduling: Consider the program’s flexibility regarding coursework and deadlines, crucial for working professionals.
• Online Learning Environment: Assess the quality of the online learning platform and available resources.

Research Opportunities

• Research Support: Evaluate the support provided for dissertation research, including access to resources, faculty guidance, and potential funding.

Alumni Network and Career Support

• Networking Opportunities: A strong alumni network can provide valuable connections and career opportunities.
• Career Services: Consider programs that offer robust career support services.

Cost and Financial Aid

• Tuition and Fees: Compare the cost of different programs and what they include.
• Financial Aid Options: Look into scholarships, grants, and assistantships offered by the university or external organizations.

Explore In-Person and Online PhD in Social Work Programs

Earning an online PhD in Social Work represents a significant step towards advanced professional growth and contribution to the field. This comprehensive guide aims to illuminate the key aspects of pursuing this prestigious degree, from understanding the program’s nature and benefits to exploring career prospects and financial aid options. 

With the right program, graduates can look forward to impactful careers in academia, policymaking, research, and high-level social work practice. The journey to a PhD in Social Work is one of commitment and passion, leading to a position where one can create substantial change and advocate for social justice on a larger scale. 

As the demand for skilled social work professionals continues to rise, those holding a PhD will find themselves at the forefront of addressing complex social issues and shaping the future of this vital field.

Ph.D. in Social Work Salary – 2024

Like nursing, the highest level of study in social work has two academic degrees: the clinically oriented Doctor of Social Work (DSW) degree and the research-oriented Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree. The average Ph.D. in social work salary is $86,720; DSW degree holders earn approximately the same amount. Both Ph.D.-educated and DSW-educated social work professionals are found in academic teaching jobs, managerial positions and senior roles at private companies, but Ph.D.-educated social work professionals are found more often in pure research jobs. In the U.S., social workers advocate on behalf of low-income people, helping them connect with government resources such as food stamps, Medicaid and Medicare, subsidized housing programs, and subsidized childcare programs. The economic fallout associated with the COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating effect on low-income people, which has emphasized the need for more efficient policies when it comes to delivering these social services. Social work professionals with advanced degrees are most often tapped to draft these policies and to write the plans by which such policies will be implemented. How much do Ph.D. in social work graduates make? Keep reading for a comprehensive analysis of the salary for Ph.D. in social work graduates in 2024.

Is There A High Demand For Ph.D. In Social Work Graduates?

What career opportunities exist for ph.d. in social work graduates, • government agencies:, • independent research institutions:, • medical centers:, hourly salary for ph.d. in social work graduates.

Starting Salary For Ph.D. In Social Work Graduates

Average Salary For Ph.D. In Social Work Graduates

Salary For Ph.D. In Social Work Graduates By Level Of Experience

Average Annual Compensation For Ph.D. In Social Work Graduates

How Does Ph.D. In Social Work Salary Compare To Other Social Work Degrees?

WHAT IS THE AVERAGE PH.D. IN SOCIAL WORK SALARY BY STATE?

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What Are The 10 Highest And Lowest Paying States For Ph.D. In Social Work Graduates?

Average Ph.D. In Social Work Salary By City For 2024

What Is Salary Outlook For Ph.D. In Social Work Graduates?

3 ways to boost your ph.d. in social work salary, • specializations:, • consulting:, • relocating:, summing it up.

We have used the following sources to compile the salary data on this page.

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• PhD Study in Sweden – A Guide for 2024

Written by Mark Bennett

A PhD in Sweden is an opportunity to study in a country that combines a historic higher education system with a culture of ingenuity and invention. The country’s universities date back to the fifteenth century, whilst Swedish brands and technologies such as Spotify, IKEA and Bluetooth continue to shape the modern world.

This covers what you need to know about PhD study in Sweden , including information on applications, funding opportunities and doctoral fees (spoiler: there aren’t any).

PhD opportunities in Sweden – what’s on offer for 2024?

If the goal for your doctorate is to produce original and potentially innovative work (it should be) then a PhD in Sweden may well be the ideal choice.

Like its Scandinavian neighbours, Sweden is also a highly tolerant country, with progressive and inclusive laws that support LGBT rights and welcome international students and visitors.

Here's some reasons to consider a PhD in Sweden for international students:

• Creativity and originality – You may not discover the next big music streaming solution (and even a PhD may not help you understand *that step* in those IKEA instructions) but your doctoral research will be right at home in a country that celebrates free-thinking and supports new ideas
• Prize-winning research - Sweden's status as the home of the Nobel Prize (with 34 winners) reflects its proud history of recognising and rewarding research, excellence and innovation
• No PhD fees – Swedish PhD programmes normally charge no tuition fees to their students (regardless of nationality)
• Historic (and respected) universities – Higher education in Sweden dates back to the 1400s and the country’s universities are well placed in modern rankings, with particular specialisms in Medicine, Life Sciences and related subjects

We’ve studiously avoided making any ABBA references in this section, but if you want a university to take a chance on your research proposal and eventually give you, give you, give you a PhD without charging much money, money, money for fees*. . . well, there are worse destinations to choose than Sweden.

*We're sorry.

Swedish universities

There are 39 state-funded universities and equivalent institutions in Sweden, alongside a smaller number of privately funded higher education providers.

Degrees are organised using a three-cycle system , in common with the wider European Higher Education Area . Your PhD in Sweden will be a third-cycle qualification , usually taking place after Bachelors (first cycle) and Masters (second cycle) study.

Universities and university colleges

Higher education providers in Sweden are divided into two types:

• Universities ( universitet ) are large institutions awarding degrees in a broad range of subjects. They carry out original research alongside academic teaching and therefore have the capacity to support and train PhD students.
• University colleges ( högskola ) focus on technical and professional training, often in applied sciences and related subjects. They are less likely to award PhDs but may do so in certain subject areas.

The distinction between these two categories isn’t always obvious or clear from an institution’s name (university colleges may simply refer to themselves as universities). The good news is that you don’t need to worry too much about it. As a PhD student you’re likely to end up studying at a university, but the smaller number of doctoral programmes offered by university colleges are equally rigorous and respected.

Swedish university rankings

Sweden is home to one of Europe’s top-performing higher education systems, at least so far as university rankings are concerned. Of the 38 universities in Sweden, 10 rank within the current Times Higher Education world top 400.

Do rankings matter for PhD study?

University rankings can help you choose a PhD project or programme, provided you know what to look at. Our guide explains how to use rankings as a prospective postgraduate.

PhD structure

A PhD in Sweden represents the highest level of academic achievement for students. As in other countries, the emphasis is on your independent research towards an original thesis that makes a new contribution to knowledge in your field.

Swedish doctoral degrees

Doctoral level study in Sweden takes one of two forms:

A standard PhD in Sweden requires a minimum of four years full-time work (equivalent to 240 ECTS credits ) and awards a full doctorate (along with the all-important title of ‘doctor’).

Alternatively, you may choose to study for a shorter licentiate degree. This generally only requires two years of full-time work towards a shorter and less ambitious thesis (equivalent to 120 ECTS credits ). The Swedish licentiate is similar to the Master of Philosophy (MPhil) offered in the UK or other countries and some students initially enrol for this qualification before upgrading to become full PhD candidates.

The academic year in Sweden runs from August to June with two teaching terms (August to January and January to June) separated by summer and winter holidays. As a PhD student you’ll normally work more flexibly throughout the year, but some additional courses and other activities may be linked to specific teaching periods.

Supervision

You’ll complete your PhD (or licentiate) with the support of two or more expert supervisors whose job it will be to guide your work. Their roles will vary slightly depending on your field:

• Supervisors for Arts , Humanities and some Social Science projects will serve primarily as mentors. They won’t be directly involved in your research, but they will be able to advise on the direction your project is taking.
• Supervisors for Science , Technology , Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) projects may also be carrying out similar research as the lead or principal investigator for the laboratory or research group your PhD is part of. This means they may also work alongside you or even collaborate on some experiments. However, your PhD thesis will still be an independent piece of work, based on your personal findings and analysis.

You’ll always have at least two PhD supervisors, one of whom will be the principal supervisor for your PhD. Some universities also appoint additional assistant supervisors with responsibility for specific tasks (such as training or pastoral care and support).

Your supervisors’ roles and expectations will be set by your university. As a minimum they’ll usually include arranging regular progress meetings, reviewing results and drafts and supporting you as you prepare to submit your thesis. Some additional responsibilities might include identifying and fulfilling training needs or assisting with other aspects of your professional and academic development.

PhD supervision

Our guides explain how to choose (and contact ) a PhD supervisor and introduce the working relationship you'll have with yours as a doctoral student.

Programme structure

Your main focus during a PhD in Sweden will be the original research required for your thesis. You’ll normally begin by assessing the scholarship in your subject (a literature review) before moving on to collecting sources or experimental data and eventually writing up your conclusions and results.

Some universities also offer more structured training alongside your research. This may involve attending short courses and / or attending short courses on research methods and other useful skills for your project.

It’s also common for PhD students at Swedish universities to serve as junior academic staff within their departments or faculties as part of their funding arrangements. If so, you’ll also have additional duties such as teaching or demonstrating.

Assessment and examinations

The assessment of a Swedish PhD is based on the quality of the doctoral thesis you submit at the end of your research. This needs to demonstrate that your work has been original, that it has made a significant contribution to your subject and that you have personally been responsible for designing and carrying out the research involved.

All of these qualities will be formally assessed during a final public defence of your thesis.

This is similar to the viva voce used in the UK and other countries but follows a slightly different procedure. Instead of being examined in private, you will present your thesis to an examining committee in front of an audience that may include other academics, fellow PhD students and your family and friends.

One of the committee will be an external expert (from outside your university) appointed to serve as your ‘opponent’. They will ask questions about your thesis and challenge you to explain your findings and conclusions. Other members of the committee (and audience) may also ask questions.

At the end of the examination your committee will decide whether or not you have successfully defended your thesis and can be awarded your PhD. This ‘live’ examination process may seem daunting, but you should think of it as an appropriate climax for your research, allowing you to assert your expertise and prove your qualification. It’s also quite rare for students to fail at this stage.

Masters study in Sweden

Looking to study a Masters in Sweden? We have all the information you need on our sister site, FindAMasters .

Fees and funding

There are no fees for PhD study in Sweden at state-funded universities (note that this doesn’t apply to Masters or Bachelors degrees). Doctoral programmes are free for EU, EEA and international (non EU) students.

The same applies to application fees – you don’t need to pay these for a PhD in Sweden.

You will need to cover your accommodation and living costs, but support may be available from your university to help with this.

Study grants

It’s common for PhD students in Sweden to also be recognised as staff, subject to an employment contract with their university. If applicable, this pays you to a salary known as a study grant ( utbildningsbidrag ) worth approximately €1,500 per month (but subject to tax).

Your employment status may vary during your PhD. For the first two years you will receive your study grant, but not be entitled to benefits and social security. For the final two years you will normally hold a full employment contract ( anställning ) and be entitled to support during illness, parental leave or other circumstances. More information will be available from your university.

In return for your study grant you will normally be required to carry out some responsibilities within your department, such as teaching undergraduates or assisting with administrative work.

PhD funding

Other scholarships and bursaries for PhD study in Sweden may also be available to help top up (or substitute for) a study grant.

The main source of PhD funding for international students in Sweden is the Swedish Institute (SI). They offer scholarships for students from specific regions including Turkey, the Balkans and the Baltic. More information is available on the official Study in Sweden website.

Other funding may be available from universities in Sweden, or from specific academic organisations and research charities relevant to your subject area. Our guides provide information on a range of PhD scholarships and other funding options .

Applying for a PhD in Sweden

You should apply directly to universities for PhD study in Sweden. How you do so will depend on the kind of project you are interested in:

• PhDs in Science , Technology , Engineering and Mathematics will often be advertised as specific projects. You should view current opportunities and apply according to the guidelines set by specific adverts. This will often mean submitting a personal statement along with your academic CV and references .
• Students in Arts , Humanities and Social Sciences are more likely to put forward their own project ideas. You’ll need to submit a strong research proposal , perhaps after contacting a potential supervisor for guidance and advice.

However you apply, make sure you check the specific requirements and procedure with your university.

Admissions requirements

Swedish universities are free to set their own entry requirements for PhD study . The minimum qualification will usually be a Bachelors degree in an appropriate subject, but a Masters is also desirable – particularly if you’re applying for funding.

Just as important as your previous qualifications will be your ability to demonstrate previous research experience . This could simply be the dissertation project for one or both of your previous degrees, but it’s important that you can show some preparation for the independent research you’ll be doing on your PhD.

The general eligibility criteria for PhD applications in Sweden is similar to most other countries in the EU.

Language requirements

A large proportion of teaching at Swedish universities takes place in English. This means you won’t necessarily need to know Swedish to study abroad in Sweden, but it’s worth checking with the specific university or department you plan to study within. Even if English isn’t required, picking up some language skills will help you settle in and enjoy your degree.

If English isn’t your first language you may need to submit a recognised test score . Exceptions might be made if you’ve completed a previous university degree taught in English.

Your university may invite you for an interview as part of the admissions process (in person, or online). This is a good sign! It means your application is suitably interesting and impressive and the university wants to hear more from you.

Student visas

Visa information for uk students in sweden.

UK students will no longer be EU citizens from the 2021-22 academic year onwards. This means you may be considered as an international student when studying in Sweden. You may be subject to different visa requirements and fee rates, unless otherwise stated.

You won’t need a visa to study in Sweden as a PhD student (student visas are required for visits of less than three months, but your PhD is guaranteed to take longer than this!).

EU, EEA and Nordic students

If you’re a citizen of an EU, EEA or Nordic country (a group that includes Finland, Denmark, Iceland and Norway as well as Sweden) you won’t need a residence permit to live in Sweden during your PhD. However, you will need to register with a local branch of the Swedish Tax Agency ( Skatteverket ).

You’ll need to bring your passport plus any marriage or birth certificates (if you are married and / or have children). You’ll also need to bring proof of admission to a Swedish university and a signed declaration that you have sufficient funds to live on during your PhD (the minimum requirement is €826 per month ).

Other international students

Students from countries outside the EU, EEA and Nordic group must formally apply for a residence permit in order to study in Sweden for longer than three months.

You can do this online. You’ll need to provide copies of your passport, along with proof that you have been admitted to a Swedish university, have paid the first instalment of your tuition fees and can support yourself financially during your PhD the minimum requirement is €826 per month ).

Health insurance

All students in Sweden will need full health insurance. If you already hold a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) you will normally be automatically covered. Alternatively, your university may provide cover as part of your study grant, or offer an affordable policy for you to purchase.

Sweden is a multicultural and inclusive country with plenty of opportunities for talented PhD graduates to apply their skills and expertise. Who knows – your work could be part of the next great Swedish innovation.

Can I work in Sweden after my PhD?

EU, EEA and Nordic students can live and work in Sweden without restriction. Other international students will need to apply for a post-study residence permit , allowing you to stay in Sweden for another six months as you look for work. To obtain this you’ll need to have completed your degree, still be in Sweden and hold a valid passport.

If you are successful in finding a job within six months, you can go on toapply for a work permit. Further information is available from the Swedish Migration Office .

Find a PhD in Sweden

Ready to start browsing some current PhD opportunities in Sweden ? Alternatively, you can look at our other guides to PhD study abroad .

Our postgrad newsletter shares courses, funding news, stories and advice

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Interested in studying your PhD in Sweden? In this guide we've collected some of the global university rankings to help you decide the best university to study at in Sweden.

What's it like to live in Sweden during a PhD? Our guide covers accommodation, student living costs, working and other key information.

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2024 Summer PhD Interns in the Social Sciences Announced

• By: Shannon Landis
• June 11, 2024

The  Office of the Associate Provost for Graduate Affairs,  the  Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GRS)  and the Center for Innovation in Social Science (CISS) are pleased to support two outstanding graduate students as part of the  Boston University’s  2024 Summer Graduate Internships in the Social Sciences program . The program provides stipend-supported summer internships aimed at introducing PhD students in the Social Sciences  and related disciplines to career opportunities at institutions beyond academia. Interns bring to their roles the skills developed during their PhD training, including research, writing, substantive expertise, while also learning new skills under the mentorship of their site supervisors. Meet the graduate interns below!

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Beinecke Scholarship

The Beinecke Scholarship Program provides substantial scholarships for highly motivated students to pursue graduate study in the arts, humanities, and social sciences.

Deadline: Internal: February; External: March

Value: $5,000 immediately prior to entering graduate school and an additional $30,000 while attending graduate school. Funding must be used within five years of completion of undergraduate studies.

Eligibility:  Undergraduate juniors who are U.S. citizens, have a history of being eligible to receive need-based financial aid during undergraduate studies (slight preference for Pell Grant recipients), and plan to enter a research- or creative-focused master's or doctoral degree program in the arts, humanities, or social sciences. NOTE: Students in the social sciences who plan to pursue graduate study in neuroscience or clinical psychology are not eligible.

Major: Those majors in the Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences (with the exception of neuroscience or clinical psychology).

Nomination: Yes; UNH can only nominate one (1) student per year for this award. Please contact the Office of National Fellowships.

Website: Beinecke Scholarship Program

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Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences celebrates milestones of IMSD, PREP students

By Pat Sargent and Amelia Rodriguez

The Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at UMass Chan Medical School hosted its year-end celebration to highlight a successful academic year and the 22 members of the Postbaccalaureate Research Education Program (PREP) and the Initiative for Maximizing Student Development (IMSD) program.

The event recognized students who completed their PhDs, are finishing PREP or have successfully passed their PhD qualifying exam.

The PREP and the IMSD program are funded through the National Institutes of Health with the shared goal of increasing diversity and promoting the success of students in biomedical sciences. 

Enhancing academic preparedness and research experience Joshuel Velasco has been enrolled in the PREP program since 2022, working in the lab of Silvia Corvera, MD, the Endowed Chair in Diabetes Research  and professor of molecular medicine. Velasco will be pursuing his PhD in biomedical sciences at UMass Chan this fall.

“Before starting PREP, I wasn’t sure that I was capable of being a PhD student in biomedical sciences, but with the experience that I’ve gained, I am definitely confident that I can succeed,” Velasco said. “I wanted to hone my scientific confidence. I feel I accomplished exactly that. I was knee deep into the research, doing my own project, and having the mentors along the way to steer me in the right direction.”

“The IMSD program helped me understand what being a research-focused scientist means . . . I’m very glad I’ve been a part of this community.”

The PREP program runs from July to June and enrolls nine students each year. To be eligible, students must be U.S. citizens or permanent residents and have completed a bachelor’s degree within the past three years and intend to pursue doctoral study in the biomedical sciences.

PREP student Amanda Modica will be pursuing a PhD in microbiology and immunology at Drexel University College of Medicine Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies starting this fall.

During her PREP year at UMass Chan, Modica worked in the lab of Kiera Clayton, PhD, assistant professor of pathology, investigating HIV accessory proteins and the mechanisms by which they trigger natural killer cells.

“It was a fantastic experience. I gained the skills I needed to bolster my graduate school application and I feel well prepared for the next step,” Modica said.

Building a community of underrepresented students in the biomedical sciences David Upegui, PhD, a science teacher at Central Falls High School in Rhode Island and an adjunct professor of education at Brown University, served as the year-end celebration’s keynote speaker. Coincidentally, Helen Magana, an IMSD student and fourth-year biomedical science PhD candidate, had Dr. Upegui as her science teacher at Central Falls High.

“The IMSD program helped me understand what being a research-focused scientist means,” said Magana, who has a Bachelor of Science in biology from Rhode Island College. “I think of all the supplementary workshops that we get—writing, presenting, how to present data. How we think about those kinds of things isn’t anything I really thought about until I was with IMSD.”

Magana works in the lab of Mary Munson, PhD, professor of biochemistry & molecular biotechnology, vice chair of diversity for the department, and assistant vice provost for health equity, where she researches specific mutations in the VPS45 gene that causes congenital neutropenia, a rare, severe disorder in newborns.

The IMSD program enrolls more than 40 students at all stages in their PhD journey. The program strives to increase the number of students who complete PhD degrees despite socially, culturally, economically or educationally disadvantaged backgrounds that inhibit entry into research training and careers.

“Everyone in the program comes from different backgrounds, it’s very collaborative, and UMass Chan really wants to see us succeed in the program,” said Calvin Johnson, a PhD candidate in the IMSD program who earned his Bachelor of Science in microbiology from UMass Amherst. He works in the lab of Jason Pitarresi, PhD, assistant professor of medicine, where he is identifying new drug targets for reversing suppression of the immune system in pancreatic cancer.

“The faculty have been supportive, friendly and eager to answer questions for trainees.”

IMSD Class of 2024 Nathan Bamidele Xavier Gonzalez Leslie Torres Ulloa

PREP Class of 2024 Lali Berelashvili Tarrin D’Aniello Amanda Modica Caroline Moore Blanca Muñoz Villarreal Rachell Rivera Olachi Unaka Joshuel Velasco Astrid Veloz-Maury

IMSD Qualifying Exam Completion Zhané Adamson Rakeyah Ahsan Brianna Dominguez Calvin Johnson Oscar Lam Rebecca Pavchinskiy Claudia Perez Alejandra Rivera Nieves Carolyn Senneca Askar Temirbek

Related UMass Chan news

Student scientists honored for academic achievement

PREP graduates, IMSD scholars honored; learn social side of science

Science PREP a family affair for UMass Medical School’s Asli McCullers

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• Missouri S&T ranked as state’s top public engineering school, among nation’s best

Posted by Greg Edwards On June 18, 2024

Missouri S&T’s newest graduates celebrate at the spring 2024 commencement ceremony. Photo by Blaine Falkena/Missouri S&T.

This year’s rankings from U.S. News & World Report for the best universities for pursuing a graduate degree in engineering were released today (Tuesday, June 18), and Missouri S&T has again been listed as one of the nation’s top institutions — and the top public university in Missouri.  “Missouri S&T’s engineering programs remain focused on improving the world and solving societal challenges through our research and innovation,” says Dr. David Borrok, vice provost and dean of S&T’s College of Engineering and Computing. “Our strengths in these areas are reflected in our graduate rankings and in the notoriety of our world-class faculty members.” The university ranks 53rd nationally among public universities for graduate engineering programs and 83rd when considering both public and private institutions. Four of S&T’s programs climbed in the overall national rankings when compared to last year, including:

• Aerospace engineering, which rose to No. 41 from No. 50 last year.
• Civil engineering, which rose to No. 42 from No. 51 last year.
• Computer engineering, which rose to No. 65 from No. 79 last year.
• Electrical engineering, which rose to No. 82 from No. 85 last year.

Programs maintaining the same rankings include:

• Petroleum engineering, which remained No. 14.
• Nuclear engineering, which remained No. 18.
• Materials science and engineering, which remained No. 57.

Other S&T engineering programs with national rankings are environmental engineering (52), industrial engineering/engineering management (62), mechanical engineering (63) and chemical engineering (102). Missouri S&T has the top ranking among public institutions in the state in each of these programs. For more information about S&T’s College of Engineering and Computing, visit cec.mst.edu .

About Missouri S&T

Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T) is a STEM-focused research university of over 7,000 students located in Rolla, Missouri. Part of the four-campus University of Missouri System, Missouri S&T offers over 100 degrees in 40 areas of study and is among the nation’s top public universities for salary impact, according to the Wall Street Journal . For more information about Missouri S&T, visit www.mst.edu . 

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Food science professional extends international expertise  

Former student laura lozano reflects on her journey to global influence.

June 17, 2024 - by Paul Schattenberg

Former student Laura Lozano ’81, who earned a food science and technology degree with a nutrition specialty from the Texas A&M College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Department of Food Science and Technology , has had a long and varied career. She has traveled globally, worked for Fortune 100 companies and startups, and served as a consultant, influencing food choices and innovation on a large scale.

Her varied career has included working for some of the most prominent brands of American business, including Nike, Dell and Motorola. She also served as a food service and hospitality liaison for the U.S. Air Force. Currently, Lozano works for Innovative Hospitality Solutions, IHS, a consulting firm working with onsite food service clients in business and health care, as well as numerous colleges and universities.  

Lozano’s passion for food science

Lozano developed a passion for food and the science behind food while an undergraduate in the Department of Food Science and Technology, crediting many of her professors with inspiring her with their own enthusiasm. She highlighted the variety of instruction in the department’s curriculum as one of its greatest benefits.  

She said the non-food science classes taught her how to think and reason differently, and the science classes taught her about cause and effect.

“The science labs taught me that not every tactic or pursuit works the way you think it will, so you need to keep trying until you get the results you want.”

The food science and technology program’s diverse curriculum is highlighted as one of its key strengths, offering a well-rounded education that extends beyond the core scientific subjects.

“Along with the science or technology curriculum, we were required to pursue classes in a variety of disciplines,” she said. “I fondly remember the anthropology courses, English and social sciences … biochemistry, not so much.”

Lozano’s educational journey didn’t stop with her bachelor’s degree, as she furthered her expertise by obtaining a master’s degree.  

A wide-ranging career in food service  

After college, Lozano worked for a from-scratch boutique restaurant company in San Antonio before “fresh, local and authentic” became food industry buzzwords. Her onsite food service journey began at Motorola Food Works in Austin and continued with larger contract provider Compass Group and then as a liaison for Dell and Nike.

“Food Works was the largest self-operated onsite food service company in the U.S. at the time,” she said. “It blazed the trail with healthy, regional and high-quality food service offerings across the country.”

In 2010, Lozano was awarded the International Food Manufacturers Association Silver Plate Award for Business and Industry Dining, recognizing her for food service excellence in operations.

She was selected as the 2020 Hennessy/U.S. Air Force traveler for the Society for Food Service and Hospitality Management, allowing her to travel extensively throughout the U.S. and around the world.

“This travel has enriched my life and opened my eyes to such a wide variety of people and cultures, and I am so grateful,” Lozano said. “When traveling on behalf of the Air Force and evaluating award-winning food service operations around the world, my food science and technology degree from A&M added gravitas to the process. My travels included evaluating the food service at bases in Japan, Alaska and the continental U.S.”

Being accepted as a subject matter expert was much easier when she shared her curriculum vitae with senior management at Hennessy, she said.

At Innovative Hospitality Solutions, she helps provide operational consulting and strategic planning for dining halls, retail food service, restaurants, catering, concessions and vending operations.

Her consultancy, along with her quality assurance and safety roles at IHS, have allowed her to continue her journey as a life-long learner. She brings her depth of experience to advising clients, helping them to raise the bar on their amenities’ operations in health care, higher education and business dining.

Taking food science lessons into the workplace 

“One of IHS’ main tenets is to educate and inspire our clients, their vendors and all those we interact with,” Lozano said. “My science-based background has helped tremendously when explaining the why behind food safety and quality assurance practices.”

She credited the knowledge and skills gained at Texas A&M for equipping her with the tactical and practical abilities in food safety and controls and quality assurance.  

“Over the years, since my graduation, consumers have become increasingly savvy about food and food choices, yet they still have to navigate an enormous amount of misinformation about nutrition,” she said, adding that understanding the chemistry around nutrition, food processing and the realities of genetics and food has helped her instruct and educate others.

“This has an enormous reach, as some of our clients feed tens of thousands of hospitalized individuals, as well as healthy people, daily throughout North America,” she said.

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