- Link to facebook
- Link to linkedin
- Link to twitter
- Link to youtube
- Writing Tips
The 6 Best UK Universities for Creative Writing Degrees
- 13-minute read
- 24th February 2023
A creative writing degree can unlock your potential and give you access to a world of career and writing opportunities. So if you’re an avid writer looking to develop your skills , a university-level degree might be the perfect next step.
But with so many options for studying creative writing in the UK, you might be wondering where (and how) to start. Your course and university choice could impact the skills you develop, the connections you make, and the direction in which your career takes off.
That’s why, in this post, we break down what a creative writing degree is, explain what you need to look out for when choosing a university, and finally, offer an overview of some of the best UK universities for creative writing degrees.
When you’re done reading, we hope you’ll be one step closer to starting your ideal creative writing degree.
What Is a Creative Writing Degree?
A creative writing degree is an undergraduate or postgraduate qualification in creative writing. The degree may focus on creative writing alone, or an institution may combine creative writing with related subjects, such as English language and literature, film studies, or journalism.
The purpose of a creative writing degree is to help students develop their writing skills, establish their authorial voice, and equip themselves with an understanding of different writing styles and techniques. Degree material may also cover practical concerns, such as how the publishing industry works.
Entry requirements for a creative writing course vary, but most institutions will ask for an A-level or the equivalent in English language and/or literature. Creative writing programs cover many forms of writing and can include modules in:
● Prose
● Nonfiction
● Poetry
● Scriptwriting
● Writing for an online audience
● Narrative theory
● The creative process
● Getting published
● Teaching creative writing
As they progress through the course, creative writing students will produce essays alongside a portfolio of creative work, which they will then submit for assessment.
The Benefits of a Creative Writing Degree
While you don’t need a creative writing degree to publish your work, having one can provide you with unique benefits and career opportunities. Creative writing students can expect to:
● Work with published authors and literary professionals
● Develop contacts within the publishing industry
● Experience dealing with and responding to feedback
● Encounter opportunities to publish their work and establish a reputation as a writer
● Explore the theory behind writing in depth
You will also develop transferable talents such as time management, communication skills, and self-discipline. These will help you develop your career and stand out to potential employers.
Career Opportunities for Creative Writing Graduates
Becoming an author might be the most obvious career path for creative writing graduates, but you can access plenty of other career choices with your degree. Potential careers include:
● Editorial assistant
● Copy editor
● Publisher
● Literary agent
● Copywriter
● Marketing assistant
● Journalist
● Teacher
● English or creative writing lecturer
Things to Consider When Choosing a University
When you choose a creative writing degree, you’re also choosing the university where you will study. Each institution has its own benefits and approaches, so to make sure you select the right university for you, consider the following factors.
Location and Campus Culture
Some universities are campus-based; that is, lecture halls, accommodations, entertainment, and other facilities are all located in one place. Other institutions are spread across the town or city where they are based.
Each location will have its own atmosphere, so visiting for an open day will help you get a better idea of what attending that university would be like. You should also consider how far away from home you want to study and how easily you can travel between your university and your hometown.
The faculty members of different universities will have their own specialist subjects, research interests, and writing experience. Look for a university where the faculty members specialize in areas of writing you’re interested in. Doing so is especially important if you’re pursuing a PhD in creative writing, as you’ll need to find an appropriate PhD supervisor.
Available Resources and Facilities
While most universities are equipped with a well-stocked library, some may be more suited than others to your subject. A university library that specializes in the humanities, for example, will complement a creative writing degree well.
A university publishing press can also be a useful resource that provides work and publishing opportunities for creative writing students. University publications and magazines are good places to submit writing as well.
Professional Connections and Internships
Some universities incorporate internships into their creative writing degrees. The internships are work placements that will provide you with on-the-job skills and experience and can help you develop professional connections within the publishing industry.
1. University of East Anglia
The University of East Anglia (or UEA) was the first university in the UK to offer degree-level courses in creative writing, introducing an MA in creative writing in 1970, then following suit with the first creative writing PhD in 1987.
UEA’s courses combine creative writing with the study of literature or drama at an undergraduate level. Each of the university’s postgraduate courses focuses on a particular form of writing, such as fiction, poetry, or creative nonfiction.
Based in Norwich, a UNESCO City of Literature , UEA is able to provide a variety of resources and opportunities for creative writing students, including:
● The National Centre for Writing and the British Archive for Contemporary Writing
● The UEA Publishing Project , which runs three publishing presses and publishes student writing in an annual anthology
● The UEA Award , which helps employers recognize students’ achievements
● A variety of writing fellowships
● Year-round literary events and festivals for students and published authors, such as UEA Live and the Norwich Crime Fiction Festival
Notable UEA alumni include Nobel Prize winner Kazuo Ishiguro and Booker Prize winner Anne Enright .
2. University of Leeds
The University of Leeds is one of the UK’s largest universities and belongs to the Russell Group . Leeds is a campus university, but it’s close to the center of the city.
Leeds offers an interdisciplinary BA in English Literature with Creative Writing , an MA in Creative Writing or Writing for Performance and Digital Media , and research degrees within the School of English or the School of Performance and Cultural Industries.
At the undergraduate level, Leeds offers a diverse range of creative writing modules (including science fiction, crime fiction, nature writing, and travel writing). Published writers and expert researchers teach all these modules.
The university has connections with a variety of creative writing projects, institutions, and festivals, including:
● Ilkley Literature Festival
● Leeds Playhouse
● Leeds Grand Theatre
● Leeds Poetry Centre
● The School of Night , a fortnightly poetry seminar
Find this useful?
Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox.
● Brotherton Library, which features extensive archives and a collection of period printing presses
Leeds also has its own theater space, stage@leeds , and publishes the literary magazine Stand , both of which showcase students’ creative work. Notable Leeds alumni include playwright Wole Syonka and poet Geoffrey Hill . The university was also home to author J.R.R. Tolkien, who was a professor in the School of English and contributed poetry to the university’s newsletter.
3. University of Birmingham
Established in the West Midlands in 1900, the University of Birmingham is another campus-based Russell Group university.
Birmingham ranked first for creative writing in the Guardian University Guide 2023 . The university offers a BA in English Literature and Creative Writing or in Film and Creative Writing and an MA in Creative Writing.
The university’s creative writing modules and courses focus on exposing students to a broad range of writing styles and genres while offering workshops and professional skills training aimed at preparing students for the publishing industry.
The university also works closely with the local creative community to provide students with a range of opportunities, including:
● The Cultural Intern Scheme
● The Birmingham Project
● Publishing opportunities with Nine Arches Press and Tindal Street Press
In addition, Birmingham runs the world-renowned Shakespeare Institute in Stratford-upon-Avon, where students can experience unique writing workshops and a residential trip featuring seminars, theater visits, and other events.
For graduating students, the university currently boasts a 90% employment rate within 15 months. Birmingham is the UK’s fourth-most targeted university among the top employers of graduates.
4. University of Warwick
The University of Warwick is a slightly newer university, first offering courses in 1965. Based just outside the city of Coventry, the University of Warwick is a campus university. It is home to the Warwick Arts Centre , a purpose-built facility for cinema, theater, and the visual arts.
The Warwick Writing Program provides the creative writing courses at Warwick. Established in 1996, the project aims to inspire and develop writers internationally. Published authors, poets, and literary translators make up the staff.
Within the program, students can pursue a BA in English and Creative Writing or an MA in Writing . Students can pursue the MA as either a taught degree or a long project, with the aim of producing a long-form piece of writing.
The University of Warwick provides opportunities for students and graduates, such as:
● The Warwick Prize for Women in Translation
● The Sunday Times Young Writer Award
● Workshops at the Warwick Arts Centre
● Warwick Thursdays (weekly events hosted by publishing industry experts)
● The option to study abroad for one year
Warwick’s alumni include novelist Sophie Mackintosh , as well as Gboyega Odubanjo and Michael Askew, winners of the Eric Gregory Award.
5. University of Reading
The University of Reading is a 100-year-old institution spread across multiple campuses. It ranks in the top 30 British universities.
Reading offers one of the most diverse and flexible ranges of undergraduate creative writing degrees in the UK. Prospective students can choose to pursue the following BAs:
● English Literature with Creative Writing
● Creative Writing and Film
● Creative Writing and Theatre
● Creative Writing and Film & Theatre
● Art and Creative Writing
An MA in Creative Writing is also available and includes modules in the publishing industry and persuasive writing to help students find careers in publishing and journalism.
Reading is home to the Archive of British Publishing and Printing and provides access to collections of rare books and manuscripts that enable students to explore the creative process of famous authors, such as Thomas Hardy. Students also have the opportunity to publish their work in The Canvas , Reading’s online magazine.
6. University of Strathclyde
Based in the center of Glasgow, Scotland’s largest city, the University of Strathclyde is a multi-award-winning university. And when it comes to creative writing, Strathclyde offers some unique areas of study for undergraduates , including Scottish literature and the Glasgow novel.
Strathclyde also offers postgraduate courses. As the university is Scottish, it offers a Master of Letters ( MLitt ) and a Master of Research ( M. Res .) in place of the more common MA in creative writing. MLitt creative writing students can choose to specialize in a research area and placement of their choice or take a module from other subjects within the School of Humanities.
The University of Strathclyde offers students numerous resources, opportunities, and connections across Glasgow. These include:
● The Aye Right! Book Festival
● Blaze , the university’s online creative writing classes
● Creative Scotland
Strathclyde’s alumni include authors Ali Smith and Andrew O’Hagan . Among the current faculty members are screenwriter Andrew Meehan and poet David Kinloch .
To recap the main points of this post:
● A creative writing degree will help you develop your writing skills, often in tandem with cultivating critical reading skills.
● Creative writing degrees offer a variety of modules and allow you to specialize in a particular form or genre.
● A creative writing degree can open many potential career paths.
● The most important things to consider when choosing a university at which to study creative writing are location, staff, resources, and professional opportunities.
● Six of the best universities for creative writing degrees in the UK are the University of East Anglia, the University of Leeds, the University of Birmingham, the University of Warwick, the University of Reading, and the University of Strathclyde.
● Many of these universities offer lectures, workshops, and seminars delivered by published authors.
Whichever university you decide to attend, make sure it’s the right one for you. Look for modules you’re interested in, writing forms you’d like to explore, opportunities you want to make the most of, and a university atmosphere you’ll thrive in.
And if you’re looking for more options, take a look at the Complete University Guide’s 2023 rankings for creative writing .
What types of degrees can I receive in creative writing?
As an undergraduate, you can earn a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in creative writing. As a postgraduate, you can earn a Master of Arts (MA) degree or a Doctorate in Philosophy (PhD).
If you’re studying in Scotland, the types of degrees may differ slightly.
How do I know whether I have what it takes to pursue a degree in creative writing?
Before accepting you for a creative writing degree, most universities will require that you have certain A-level or equivalent grades. But academic achievements aren’t everything. If you’re looking to pursue a degree in creative writing, it’s helpful to have:
● An avid interest in reading (and, of course, writing!)
● A portfolio to demonstrate your writing
● The ability to meet deadlines
Be prepared to work hard, but remember, the point of a creative writing degree is to help develop your writing skills and style. You don’t have to be a perfect, polished writer to be a creative writing student!
Can I pursue a creative writing degree online?
Yes, many universities now offer online versions of creative writing degrees. This means you will be able to earn the same qualification by studying online as you would if you studied in person.
However, be careful to choose a properly accredited online creative writing degree.
Where can I get feedback on my university application?
A professional proofreader or editor is the best choice for getting feedback on your application.
Our team here at Proofed can help make sure your university application is clear and correct and meets the appropriate academic standards so that you can focus on preparing for university life.
We can even proofread the first 500 words for free – so why not submit a document ?
Share this article:
Post A New Comment
Got content that needs a quick turnaround? Let us polish your work. Explore our editorial business services.
5-minute read
Free Email Newsletter Template
Promoting a brand means sharing valuable insights to connect more deeply with your audience, and...
6-minute read
How to Write a Nonprofit Grant Proposal
If you’re seeking funding to support your charitable endeavors as a nonprofit organization, you’ll need...
9-minute read
How to Use Infographics to Boost Your Presentation
Is your content getting noticed? Capturing and maintaining an audience’s attention is a challenge when...
8-minute read
Why Interactive PDFs Are Better for Engagement
Are you looking to enhance engagement and captivate your audience through your professional documents? Interactive...
7-minute read
Seven Key Strategies for Voice Search Optimization
Voice search optimization is rapidly shaping the digital landscape, requiring content professionals to adapt their...
4-minute read
Five Creative Ways to Showcase Your Digital Portfolio
Are you a creative freelancer looking to make a lasting impression on potential clients or...
Make sure your writing is the best it can be with our expert English proofreading and editing.
- CHOOSE ONE OR MORE
Popular universities
- University of Kent
- University of East Anglia UEA
- University of Chester
- Coventry University
- University of Aberdeen
- University of Portmouth
- Nottingham Trent University
- University of Sunderland
- London Metropolitan University
- London South Bank University
- University of East London
- BROWSE ALL UNIVERSITIES
Course search
Popular undergraduate courses.
- Computer Science
- LLB Bachelor of Laws
- Biomedical Sciences
- Physiotherapy
- Sports Science
Open days search
Upcoming open days.
- University of Plymouth
- University of Brighton
- University of the Arts London
- Royal Holloway, University of London
- Arts University Bournemouth
- University of Southampton
Article search
Popular topics.
- UCAS key dates and deadlines
- Choosing where to study
- Creating your shortlist
- Student life
Popular articles
- What's a university open day
- How to plan for a university open day
- Open days - November 2024
- Choosing a university checklist
- Choose your UCAS final five with Uniselect
- BROWSE ALL ADVICE
- Creative Writing
SUBJECT LEAGUE TABLE 2025
A Creative Writing degree will let you flex your storytelling abilities and study the work of literary legends.Our university rankings for Creative Writing include Scriptwriting and Poetry Writing.
OTHER LEAGUE TABLES
- University League Tables
- Arts, Drama & Music League Table
- Download league tables
QUICK LINKS
- Methodology
- University ranking
- University name
- Overall score / Max 100
- Entry standards / Max 213
- Student satisfaction / Max 4
- Research quality / Max 4
- Contin - uation / Max 100
- Graduate prospects – outcomes / Max 100
- Graduate prospects – on track / Max 100
- 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 1 5 2 6 7 1 8 6 9 1 10 2 11 12 17 13 6 14 15 16 16 7 17 5 18 9 19 22 20 13 21 7 22 2 23 5 24 3 25 26 10 27 8 28 13 29 3 30 13 31 14 32 2 33 5 34 16 35 4 36 13 37 7 38 6 39 2 40 2 41 11 42 6 43 8 44 3 45 New 46 47 6 48 8 49 6 50 4
- University of Warwick VIEW COURSES Royal Holloway, University of Londo... VIEW COURSES University of Birmingham VIEW COURSES University of Leeds VIEW COURSES Newcastle University VIEW COURSES Lancaster University VIEW COURSES University of East Anglia UEA VIEW COURSES GET PROSPECTUS University of Strathclyde VIEW COURSES University of Kent VIEW COURSES University of Plymouth VIEW COURSES University of Lincoln VIEW COURSES Keele University VIEW COURSES Manchester Metropolitan University VIEW COURSES University of Hull VIEW COURSES Kingston University VIEW COURSES University of Chester VIEW COURSES GET PROSPECTUS Edge Hill University VIEW COURSES Bournemouth University VIEW COURSES Bristol, University of the West of ... VIEW COURSES Canterbury Christ Church University VIEW COURSES Aberystwyth University VIEW COURSES Nottingham Trent University VIEW COURSES Brunel University London VIEW COURSES University of Essex VIEW COURSES University of Westminster, London VIEW COURSES Bangor University VIEW COURSES University of Portsmouth VIEW COURSES Teesside University VIEW COURSES Bath Spa University VIEW COURSES University of Brighton VIEW COURSES GET PROSPECTUS University of Greenwich VIEW COURSES De Montfort University VIEW COURSES University of Gloucestershire VIEW COURSES Sheffield Hallam University VIEW COURSES Anglia Ruskin University VIEW COURSES York St John University VIEW COURSES Birmingham City University VIEW COURSES University of Chichester VIEW COURSES Liverpool Hope University VIEW COURSES University of Winchester VIEW COURSES University of Salford VIEW COURSES University of Central Lancashire VIEW COURSES Arts University Bournemouth VIEW COURSES University of Worcester VIEW COURSES University of Bolton VIEW COURSES Liverpool John Moores University VIEW COURSES University of Derby VIEW COURSES GET PROSPECTUS Falmouth University VIEW COURSES St Mary's University, Twickenham VIEW COURSES University of Wolverhampton VIEW COURSES
- 100.0 100% 99.9 100% 98.6 99% 97.9 98% 97.1 97% 97.0 97% 96.6 97% 96.5 97% 95.3 95% 94.6 95% 94.0 94% 93.3 93% 92.8 93% 92.0 92% 90.9 91% 90.6 91% 90.4 90% 90.0 90% 89.7 90% 89.5 90% 89.3 89% 89.2 89% 89.0 89% 88.9 89% 88.6 89% 88.4 88% 88.4 88% 88.0 88% 87.8 88% 87.6 88% 86.7 87% 86.3 86% 86.2 86% 86.1 86% 86.1 86% 85.8 86% 85.4 85% 85.3 85% 85.3 85% 85.0 85% 85.0 85% 84.6 85% 84.5 85% 83.7 84% 83.7 84% 83.6 84% 83.3 83% 80.8 81% 80.3 80% 78.9 79%
- 169 79% 157 74% 155 73% 162 76% 144 68% 151 71% 159 75% 213 100% 133 62% 145 68% 133 62% 118 55% 128 60% 129 60% 117 55% 125 59% 131 61% n/a 119 56% 127 60% 130 61% 118 55% 136 64% 123 58% 114 54% 112 53% 111 52% 131 62% 123 58% 101 47% 124 58% 114 54% 109 51% 115 54% 104 49% 117 55% 122 57% 119 56% 123 58% 118 55% 119 56% 118 56% 129 60% 107 50% 102 48% 132 62% 136 64% 121 57% n/a n/a
- 3.08 77% 3.10 77% 3.04 76% 2.97 74% 3.16 79% 3.10 78% 2.96 74% 2.86 71% 3.06 77% 3.22 80% 3.50 88% 3.49 87% 3.19 80% 3.68 92% 3.31 83% 3.21 80% 3.18 80% 2.99 75% 3.17 79% 3.35 84% 3.26 81% 3.25 81% 3.28 82% 3.11 78% 2.90 72% 3.08 77% 3.40 85% 3.30 82% 3.02 76% 3.10 78% 3.27 82% 3.10 77% 3.17 79% 3.05 76% 3.18 79% 3.49 87% 3.04 76% 3.32 83% 3.06 76% 3.08 77% 3.25 81% 3.38 85% 3.55 89% 3.09 77% 3.29 82% 3.37 84% 3.20 80% 3.19 80% 3.06 76% 2.86 72%
- 3.45 86% 3.46 87% 3.55 89% 3.61 90% 3.77 94% 3.28 82% 3.49 87% 3.41 85% 3.48 87% 3.44 86% 3.00 75% 3.33 83% 3.43 86% 3.36 84% 3.09 77% 2.78 70% 2.92 73% 2.80 70% 2.83 71% 3.27 82% 2.76 69% 3.01 75% 3.07 77% 3.23 81% 3.35 84% 3.07 77% 2.84 71% 3.16 79% 3.23 81% 3.10 78% 2.70 68% 3.29 82% 2.67 67% 3.19 80% 3.16 79% 2.53 63% 3.50 88% 2.89 72% 2.88 72% 2.56 64% 2.78 70% 2.95 74% 2.54 64% 2.51 63% 2.60 65% n/a 2.48 62% n/a n/a 3.20 80%
- 100 100% 98.4 98% 97.5 98% 95.5 96% 96.8 97% 97.2 97% 96.4 96% 95.9 96% 95.2 95% 94.7 95% 98.7 99% 94.6 95% 96.2 96% 88.9 89% 100 100% n/a 99.2 99% 96.3 96% 88.5 89% 89.3 89% 96.7 97% 96.3 96% 92 92% 94 94% 95.2 95% 94.3 94% 94.5 95% 88.9 89% 90.3 90% 97.8 98% 100 100% 93.2 93% 100 100% 91 91% 91.9 92% 91.2 91% 85.3 85% 97 97% 88.4 88% 94.8 95% 86.1 86% 92 92% 88.6 89% 95.2 95% n/a 88.4 88% 85.2 85% n/a 87.5 88% 80.6 81%
- 74.0 74% 82.0 82% 78.0 78% n/a 76.0 76% 74.0 74% 72.0 72% n/a 78.0 78% 66.0 66% n/a 76.0 76% 76.0 76% n/a n/a 78.0 78% 60.0 60% 78.0 78% 92.0 92% 64.0 64% 62.0 62% n/a 58.0 58% 62.0 62% n/a 64.0 64% 68.0 68% n/a 66.0 66% 68.0 68% 56.0 56% 56.0 56% 54.0 54% 64.0 64% 64.0 64% 62.0 62% 54.0 54% 46.0 46% n/a 58.0 58% 70.0 70% 40.0 40% 60.0 60% 58.0 58% 66.0 66% 60.0 60% 60.0 60% 54.0 54% 72.0 72% 46.0 46%
- 72.0 72% 82.0 82% 78.0 78% n/a 62.0 62% 84.0 84% 66.0 66% n/a 84.0 84% 70.0 70% n/a 74.0 74% 58.0 58% n/a n/a 74.0 74% 62.0 62% 62.0 62% 76.0 76% 62.0 62% 62.0 62% n/a 56.0 56% 58.0 58% n/a 78.0 78% 72.0 72% n/a 62.0 62% 66.0 66% 44.0 44% 60.0 60% 62.0 62% 52.0 52% 64.0 64% 64.0 64% 62.0 62% 46.0 46% n/a 60.0 60% 60.0 60% 58.0 58% 52.0 52% 62.0 62% 70.0 70% 62.0 62% 58.0 58% 62.0 62% 46.0 46% 54.0 54%
This table was first published on 14 May 2024.
Read the University and subject tables methodology to find out where the data comes from, how the tables are compiled and explanations of the measures used.
All measures used to compile the tables are available on the full table view. Maximum scores for the measures:
Overall score: maximum score of 1000
Entry standards: no maximum score
Student satisfaction: maximum score of 4
Research quality: maximum score of 4
Continuation: maximum score of 100
Graduate prospects – outcomes: maximum score of 100
Graduate prospects – on track: maximum score of 100
The following institutions have courses in this subject but insufficient data to be included in the ranking:
- - Birmingham Newman University
- - Cardiff Metropolitan University
- - Cardiff University
- - Coventry University
- - Goldsmiths, University of London
- - Leeds Arts University
- - Leeds Beckett University
- - Leeds Trinity University
- - London Metropolitan University
- - Loughborough University
- - Middlesex University
- - Oxford Brookes University
- - Plymouth Marjon University
- - Queen's University Belfast
- - Swansea University
- - University of Aberdeen
- - University of Bedfordshire
- - University of Dundee
- - University of East London
- - University of Hertfordshire
- - University of Huddersfield
- - University of Leicester
- - University of Nottingham
- - University of Oxford
- - University of Reading
- - University of South Wales
- - University of Staffordshire
- - University of Suffolk
- - University of Surrey
- - University of Wales Trinity Saint David
- - University of West London
- - University of the West of Scotland
Filter by region
- East Midlands
- East of England
- North East England
- North West England
- South East England
- South West England
- West Midlands
- Yorkshire and the Humber
Subject league tables
- Accounting & Finance
- Aeronautical & Aerospace Engineering
- African & Middle Eastern Studies
- Agriculture & Forestry
- American Studies
- Anthropology
- Archaeology
- Architecture
- Art & Design
- Asian Studies
- Biological Sciences
- Business & Management Studies
- Celtic Studies
- Chemical Engineering
- Childhood & Youth Studies
- Civil Engineering
- Communication & Media Studies
- Complementary Medicine
- Counselling, Psychotherapy & Occupational Therapy
- Drama, Dance & Cinematics
- Electrical & Electronic Engineering
- Food Science
- Forensic Science
- General Engineering
- Geography & Environmental Science
- Health Studies
- History of Art, Architecture & Design
- Iberian Languages
- Information Technology & Systems
- Land & Property Management
- Linguistics
- Manufacturing & Production Engineering
- Materials Technology
- Mathematics
- Mechanical Engineering
- Medical Technology & Bioengineering
- Nursing & Midwifery
- Optometry, Ophthalmics & Orthoptics
- Paramedic Science
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy
- Physics & Astronomy
- Russian & East European Languages
- Social Policy
- Social Work
- Speech & Language Therapy
- Theology & Religious Studies
- Tourism, Transport, Travel & Heritage Studies
- Town & Country Planning and Landscape Design
- Veterinary Medicine
CHOOSE A REGION
University group, choose a group.
Skip to main content
- Faculties and schools
- Services for business
- How to find us
- Undergraduate study
- Postgraduate study
- International students
Home > Postgraduate study > Postgraduate courses > Creative Writing MA
Creative Writing MA
Why choose this course.
With a full programme of workshops and critical study, this Creative Writing MA offers you the chance to work on your own writing in different genres with the support of published practitioners.
You will learn in workshops, one-to-one or in small groups, with support from practising and published writers and fellow students. Our award-winning former creative writing students include Booker-shortlisted Oyinkan Braithwaite, Joe Pierson, who won the Bridport Prize, Stefan Mohammed, awarded the Dylan Thomas Prize, Bafta-winner, Sarah Woolner, the acclaimed poet Dom Bury and celebrated novelist Faiqa Mansab.
The Writers' Workshop module will encourage you to develop your writing 'voice' through engagement with fellow students across a range of genres (in fiction or creative non-fiction), while the Special Study module enables you to specialise in one genre, such as fiction, non-fiction, poetry or drama.
This Creative Writing MA will give you the knowledge and confidence to enter the cultural debate and to begin to identify outlets for your own writing.
Our external examiner has rated it highly:
- 'The Kingston MA is very lively, energised and relevant in its outlook.'
- 'You are more experimental, adventurous and original than other creative writing MAs in the UK.'
Curtis Brown Agent's Choice competition
All successful applicants who take up their place with us in September will be entered into our competition to have a consultation with Annabel White , an agent at top London literary agency Curtis Brown.
So make sure the creative work you submit with your application is your very best – it might win you a meeting with a literary agent.
Reasons to choose Kingston
- The Creative Writing MA helps you to develop the craft of creative writing, either on a general level or through specialising in your chosen genre.
- You will become part of Kingston's thriving community, with events such as readings, lectures from published authors, editors and agents, masterclasses and enriching discussions.
- The creative dissertation and critical essay give you the chance to further specialise. You also explore writing in a range of forms and styles and take a module exploring critical theory and experimental/avant-garde writing.
- You will have the opportunity to contribute to Kingston University's publication, Ripple, which includes fiction, poetry, reviews and creative non-fiction and is edited by students on the course.
- appointed staff - many are published authors or active researchers, which keeps your learning dynamic.
- peer review - giving you the chance to discuss your own and other students' work in a mutually supportive environment.
The Art School Experience
As part of Kingston School of Art , students on this course benefit from joining a creative community where collaborative working and critical practice are encouraged.
Our workshops and studios are open to all disciplines, enabling students and staff to work together, share ideas and explore multi-disciplinary making.
What our graduates say
Many of our graduates are now published authors. Find out what they have to say about how the Creative Writing MA at Kingston helped their careers.
Holly Seddon
I will always love my time as a Kingston University Creative Writing MA student. The freedom to experiment, the fantastic support from the lecturers, the encouragement to take big, bold swings has helped me create the best work of my career so far. I discovered new interests that I will carry with me for the rest of my life, and only wish I could take the course all over again.
Anna Johnson
In 2018, I began my practice-based creative writing PhD, specialising in life writing around motherhood experience. This was something of a career change for me, and so I did not have a record of published creative or academic writing. That same year I published a piece of life writing, which had developed out of my work for the PhD application, as a chapter in a book entitled Everyday World-Making: Towards an Understanding of Affect and Mothering .
Later that year I presented the early stages of my research at a conference titled Women in Transition , which lead to another publication, this time a hybrid creative/essay piece in a book based on the conference.
Over the next couple of years, I wrote and presented elements of my practice and research at Writers Centre Kingston events, and at a conference organised by the Race/Gender Matters research group at Kingston. Following this conference, I joined the research group and went on to co-organise a Race/Gender Matters symposium entitled Visceral Bodies in 2023.
In 2021, I published a hybrid creative/essay chapter in a book entitled From Band-Aids to Scalpels: Motherhood Experiences in/of Medicine .
Throughout my PhD journey I have also published several pieces in online journals, including Failure: the Ghost and the Mother, Alluvium Journal, 2022, and But Also Flesh and Salt, The Contemporary Journal, 2023.
Recently, I have published poetry on the Dx: Diagnosis and Writing website, and in Motherlore magazine. I am currently co-editing a special issue of Studies in the Maternal journal (with a PhD student from the Philosophy department) based on the Visceral Bodies symposium and featuring my poetry.
The structure, support and networks afforded me by my studies at Kingston have been invaluable in getting my work out into the world.
From the beginning of my doctoral work at Kingston until I submitted my thesis I always felt supported by my supervisors. Their comments on my writing and my meetings with them were very productive. In addition, I received encouragement about my creative work which was a real boost. The University also provided platforms for readings and talks in which I participated – these were wonderful ways to practice for other events in which I have since participated. As I built up and edited my manuscript of poems, they became ready to send out which I did over my years as a PhD student.
Throughout my time at Kingston I published quite a lot of my creative work that came out of my thesis, including poems in various literary journals and a pamphlet of poems, Grief Dialogue (Rack Press). After I submitted my thesis, the manuscript that came out of the critical component was accepted for publication. The book, Boat of Letters , will appear in 2025.
Faiqa Mansab
I am quite sure that my publishing journey would have been very difficult were it not for Kingston University MFA.
Tutors like James Miller, Adam Baron, and Jonathan Barnes didn't just give me the nuts and bolts of the craft but also impressed upon me the importance of trusting my own voice, taking responsibility for the story I want to tell and to be flexible in my approach to craft so that I am always learning and growing.
Grainne Murphy
I did the low-res MA in Creative Writing from 2015 to 2017 and it was the perfect fit for someone living outside the UK. The course was excellent on both theoretical and technical aspects, allowing me to figure out how best to write what I wanted to write. I was lucky to have the brilliantly warm and practical Paul Bailey as my dissertation adviser and still apply his insight to everything I write, although I am still guilty of a love of run-on sentences! Course head, Wendy Vaizey, gave me invaluable advice and confidence in my own style at a critical point – advice that saw my first novel subsequently accepted for publication.
Three of us from the class formed our own little writing group when the MA ended and still have a monthly Zoom workshop where we share and discuss our writing and our lives. This fourth novel, Greener , is about friendship and I was so proud to dedicate the book to them both.
The road to publication is paved with blood, coffee and numb fingers; don't let anyone tell you differently. Completing my MA and PhD at Kingston University was a challenging but wholly rewarding experience and one I wouldn't change for the world. The lectures, detailed supervision meetings, and workshopping creative pieces with fellow students were invaluable in taking my writing to the next level. Writing is a lonely profession, so being part of a community that pushes and motivates you to write your best work is special. I honed my skills as a fiction writer and an academic writer throughout my time at Kingston.
For my PhD, I wrote a historical thriller titled Bad Blood , which will be published in 2024 under my pen name, Luke Deckard, by Sharpe Books. This novel is the culmination of my time at Kingston, and not only am I thrilled to see it officially released into the wild, but I know Bad Blood wouldn't be what it is without the support and input I received over the years from my supervisors and colleagues I met and worked with along the way.
Seraphina Madsen
Seraphina has published two books: Dodge and Burn and Aurora .
What our students say
In this video, one of our creative writing alumna and a current student discuss why they chose the course, what they enjoyed about it and why they'd recommend it to future applicants.
What you will study
You will have the opportunity to develop your creative writing skills in general or specialise in a chosen genre. As well as studying literary criticism and theory, you will also and will look at the professional elements of writing, such as copy-editing and how to get your work published.
Core modules
Optional placement year.
You'll be expected to pass all four modules and the dissertation to complete the course.
Creative Writing Dissertation
This module focuses on your own creative writing and research into your chosen form or genre, developed in consultation with your supervisor. You learn via one-to-one tutorials with your personal supervisor. You produce two pieces of writing:
- a creative dissertation – a portion of a novel, a body of poetry, a play screenplay or other creative form of no more than 15,000 words; and
- a critical essay of approximately 3,000 words – considering the relationships between your own writing and the literary contexts/theoretical concerns that inform published writing in your chosen genre or form.
Your supervisor must agree in advance the final structure, approximate word length and for presentation conventions of these pieces.
Special Study: Workshop in Popular Genre Writing
This module offers a regular and intensive review of your writing in one of the following genres: poetry, crime writing, prose fiction, biography, drama, scriptwriting or writing for children. You will be advised on how to strengthen your knowledge of the codes and conventions of your chosen genre to produce a substantial piece or collection of work that will reflect your knowledge of and engagement with your chosen genre. You will apply detailed feedback on your work to your writing as well as using your increased knowledge of your chosen genre to make your writing more effective. These elements will help you improve the key transferable skills of analysis and implementation that will feed forward into your dissertation module and into all analytical/practical tasks you subsequently undertake.
Writing the Contemporary
This module provides the opportunity to examine ways in which reading is essential to writing practice and teaches you to apply literary techniques and strategies from contemporary fiction, life writing and poetry texts to your own work. You will develop the concept of 'reading as a writer' in order to explore how contemporary concerns are brought to the fore by artistic strategies, and examine how an understanding of these can provide models for your own creative practice. You will submit work including a reflective reading journal as well as a creative piece in a genre of your choice.
Ten Critical Challenges for Creative Writers
The module is designed to introduce students to some issues of critical and literary theory. The module is also designed to make students more aware of how their work impacts upon wider literary, cultural, political and philosophical issues. Awareness of these theories and of some of the issues surrounding the production and reception of literary texts will stimulate them, encouraging creative and conceptual thinking. The module will explore debates about literature and the practice of creative writing through readings of essays and texts that are relevant to criticism and theory. The academic component of the assessment will support the creative work with the objective that students will also have to demonstrate critical, academic, analytical skills.
Writers' Workshop
In this module you will present and discuss your own and each other's work in a weekly workshop. The draft work presented may include several genres and forms, such as crime writing, fantasy fiction, children's literature, historical fiction, science fiction, romance and autobiography. Practical criticism of student writing will be accompanied by discussion of the scope or constraints of the various genres, as well as the implications of particular forms. Attention will be paid to the transferable components of good writing: appropriate use of language, narrative pace, dialogue, expression, characterisation and mood.
Many postgraduate courses at Kingston University allow students to do a 12-month work placement as part of their course. The responsibility for finding the work placement is with the student; we cannot guarantee the work placement, just the opportunity to undertake it. As the work placement is an assessed part of the course, it is covered by a student's Student Route visa.
Find out more about the postgraduate work placement scheme.
Entry requirements
Typical offer.
A 2:2 or above honours degree, or equivalent, in creative writing, English literature, literature and language, drama or theatre studies or a humanities subject.
International
All non-UK applicants must meet our English language requirements. For this course it is Academic IELTS of 6.5 overall with 5.5 in all elements. Please make sure you read our full guidance about English language requirements , which includes details of other qualifications we'll consider.
Applicants from one of the recognised majority English speaking countries (MESCs) do not need to meet these requirements.
Country-specific information
You will find more information on country specific entry requirements in the International section of our website.
Find your country:
- Middle East
Teaching and assessment
Portfolios of exercises, edited and revised creative writing with evidence of extensive drafting, essays, presentations, research projects, substantial pieces of creative writing of publishable standard.
Guided independent study (self-managed time)
When not attending timetabled sessions, you will be expected to continue learning independently through self-study. This typically involves reading and analysing articles, regulations, policy documents and key texts, documenting individual projects, preparing coursework assignments and completing your PEDRs, etc.
Your independent learning is supported by a range of excellent facilities including online resources, the library and CANVAS, the University's online virtual learning platform.
Support for postgraduate students
At Kingston University, we know that postgraduate students have particular needs and therefore we have a range of support available to help you during your time here.
Your workload
A course is made up of modules, and each module is worth a number of credits. You must pass a given number of credits in order to achieve the award you registered on, for example 360 credits for a typical undergraduate course or 180 credits for a typical postgraduate course. The number of credits you need for your award is detailed in the programme specification which you can access from the link at the bottom of this page.
One credit equates to 10 hours of study. Therefore 180 credits across a year (typical for a postgraduate course) would equate to 1,800 notional hours. These hours are split into scheduled and guided. On this course, the percentage of that time that will be scheduled learning and teaching activities is shown below. The remainder is made up of guided independent study.
- 6% scheduled learning and teaching
The exact balance between scheduled learning and teaching and guided independent study will be informed by the modules you take.
Your course will primarily be delivered in person. It may include delivery of some activities online, either in real time or recorded.
How you will be assessed
100% coursework.
Feedback summary
We aim to provide feedback on assessments within 20 working days.
Class sizes
Workshops normally have between six and 12 students. To give you an indication of class sizes, this course normally enrols 15 to 20 students and lecture sizes are normally 10 to 20. However, this can vary by module and academic year.
Who teaches this course?
This course is delivered by Kingston School of Art. As a student on this course, you will benefit from a lively study environment, thanks to the wide range of postgraduate courses on offer. The combination of academics and practitioners makes it a unique environment in which to further your studies and your career.
The University provides a vibrant and forward-thinking environment for study with:
- courses designed in collaboration with industry professionals – keeping you up to date with the latest developments;
- established connections with the London arts and media scene – with a range of guest speakers, professors and lecturers visiting the University; and
- committed and enthusiastic staff – many of whom are expert practitioners as well as leading academics and researchers.
Postgraduate students may also contribute to the teaching of seminars under the supervision of the module leader.
Dr James Miller
Course leader.
Mr Oludiran Adebayo
Dr Adam Baron
Dr Martin Dines
Mr Steven J. Fowler
Dr Meg Jensen
Professor Hanif Kureishi
Dr Marina Lambrou
Dr Daniel Read
Dr Wendy Vaizey
Fees for this course, 2025/26 fees for this course, home 2025/26.
- full time £10,300
- part time £5,665
International 2025/26
- full time £17,600
- part time £9,680
2024/25 fees for this course
Home 2024/25.
- full time £9,900
- part time £5,445
International 2024/25
- full time £16,900
- part time £9,295
Tuition fee information for future course years
This is a two-year full-time course with the published full-time fee payable in each year of study.
If you start your second year straight after Year 1, you will pay the same fee for both years.
If you take a break before starting your second year, or if you repeat modules from Year 1 in Year 2, the fee for your second year may increase.
Fees for the optional placement year
If you choose to take a placement as part of this course, you will be invoiced for the placement fee in Year 2. Find out more about the postgraduate work placement scheme and the costs for the placement year.
Postgraduate loans
If you are a UK student, resident in England and are aged under the age of 60, you will be able to apply for a loan to study for a postgraduate degree. For more information, read the postgraduate loan information on the government's website .
Scholarships and bursaries
Kingston University offers a range of postgraduate scholarships, including:
- Inspire the Future scholarship
- Postgraduate scholarships for international students
If you are an international student, find out more about scholarships and bursaries .
We also offer the following discounts for Kingston University alumni:
- Alumni discount
- Progression Scholarship
Additional costs
Depending on the programme of study, there may be extra costs that are not covered by tuition fees which students will need to consider when planning their studies. Tuition fees cover the cost of your teaching, assessment and operating University facilities such as the library, access to shared IT equipment and other support services. Accommodation and living costs are not included in our fees.
Where a course has additional expenses, we make every effort to highlight them. These may include optional field trips, materials (e.g. art, design, engineering), security checks such as DBS, uniforms, specialist clothing or professional memberships.
Our libraries are a valuable resource with an extensive collection of books and journals as well as first-class facilities and IT equipment. You may prefer to buy your own copy of key textbooks, this can cost between £50 and £250 per year.
Computer equipment
There are open-access networked computers available across the University, plus laptops available to loan . You may find it useful to have your own PC, laptop or tablet which you can use around campus and in halls of residences. Free WiFi is available on each of the campuses. You may wish to purchase your own computer, which can cost £100 to £3,000 depending on your course requirements.
Photocopying and printing
In the majority of cases written coursework can be submitted online. There may be instances when you will be required to submit work in a printed format. Printing, binding and photocopying costs are not included in your tuition fees, this may cost up to £100 per year.
Travel costs are not included in your tuition fees but we do have a free intersite bus service which links the campuses, Surbiton train station, Kingston upon Thames train station, Norbiton train station and halls of residence.
There is a wide range of facilities at our Penrhyn Road campus , where this course is based. You will have access to a modern environment with the latest equipment, including the Learning Resources Centre. This offers:
- subject libraries, plus a free inter-library loan scheme to other libraries in the Greater London area;
- online database subscriptions; and
- a growing selection of resource materials.
The Iris Murdoch Archives
Kingston University hosts two major archives relating to Iris Murdoch, a significant philosopher and one of the twentieth century's greatest novelists. These archives currently comprise:
- Iris Murdoch's Oxford library (more than 1,000 volumes, many of them heavily annotated by Murdoch);
- the papers, tapes, interviews and manuscripts collected by Peter Conradi, Iris Murdoch's official biographer and Murdoch scholar; and
- various letter runs and documents donated by well-wishers.
Resources in London
Kingston is just a 30-minute train journey away from central London. Here you can access a wealth of additional libraries and archives, including the British Library.
After you graduate
Some of our departmental graduates have achieved notable successes, having published short stories and novels which were started as part of their degree and attracted good literary agents, for example:
- Oyinkan Braithwaite's novel, My Sister the Serial Killer , reviewed by The New Yorker and BBC Radio 4's Open Book and Front Row, has won the Crime and Thriller book of the year at the British Book Awards; Oyinkan is the first black woman to do so.
- Grainne Murphy has recently signed a two-book deal with Legend Press. Her debut novel, Where the Edge Is , was published in September 2020, with The Ghostlights to be published in 2021.
- Ben Halls' debut The Quarry was book of the day in The Guardian in March 2020.
- Amy Clarke has signed a two-book deal. Like Clockwork is a psychological suspense novel about a true crime podcast host who is obsessively trying to solve the decades-old cold case of a notorious Minnesotan serial killer whose victims were each one year younger than the last. It is due to be published in March/April 2021 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, with a second book to follow.
- A story Seraphina Madsen wrote for the MA Critical Challenges module was published in the UK's pre-eminent literary journal, The White Review, and secured her an agent and a book deal.
- Stevan Alcock is another MA student whose debut novel – workshopped on our MA – was published by 4th Estate.
- Hannah Vincent is a former MFA student with novels out with Myriad Editions and Salt.
- Myriad Editions also run a writing competition each year aimed at finding new writers, with MFA student Karly Stilling winning in 2015. This year the award was won by another current Kingston student, Sylvia Carr. Former MA (now PhD student) Joseph Pierson was a recent runner up.
- Julia Lewis is a former MFA student and experimental poet who has gone on to publish a wide range of work. She also rewrote MA tutor James Miller's novel Lost Boys as a collection of experimental poetry.
- Stefan Mohamed won the Dylan Thomas Prize and has gone to have a successful career as a writer of YA fiction.
- MA student Vicky Newham signed a two book deal for her crime series. Vicky is on the Daggers longlist for the best crime novel by a first-time author.
- Faiqa Mansab published her debut novel This House of Clay and Water in Pakistan and India to great acclaim and it has been optioned by the talented Sheherzade Sheikh for screen adaptation.
- Other successes include Susie Lynes and Lauren Forry.
- Other former students have gone on to work in editorial posts in the publishing industry.
Why I chose Kingston
Don't just take our word for it – here's what students say about what it's like to study at Kingston University.
What our students and graduates say
The main reason I've chosen the MA in Creative Writing at Kingston University is the variety of genres you can choose from on the course. I am writing poetry, but I wanted to get involved with people who are writing other things so I could experiment with different genres and learn from them too. The MA in Creative Writing gives me that opportunity and lets me choose workshops that reflect exactly my style of writing.
One of the most useful parts of the course is the Elements of Professional Writing module, which focuses on the practical side of being a writer. It offers advice on everything from how to stay positive to how to present your work to get it published.
Katerina Koulouri
I chose to study at Kingston because unlike many writing courses, it allowed space for both fantasy and children's novels. I especially loved my Children's Literature class.
Another standout was my dissertation tutor, Liz Jensen, who gave me remarkably good and detailed feedback, and the lovely people in my writing workshops. I'm really glad I came to Kingston.
Once I finished my masters I returned to my home country, Ireland, where I write and live by the water. I started writing a fantasy novel for young adults, titled 'The Demon's Lexicon', whilst at Kingston which has since been signed by Simon & Schuster.
Sarah Rees Brennan
This Creative Writing MA course gave me the structure, self-discipline and direction I needed. I've always written poetry – I started when I was just seven – but I have done it in a very unstructured way.
Completing work for the weekly writers' workshops has been very useful. I've attended creative writing evening classes before where we shared our work, but the comments and criticism from other students on the MA is at a much higher level.
Alice Thurling
Links with business and industry
A range of additional events and lectures will enhance your studies and add an extra perspective to your learning. Activities for this course include:
- a series of masterclasses with publishing specialists and professionals;
- weekly guest lectures by leading journalists including Samira Ahmed, an award-winning journalist with 20 years' experience in print and broadcast; David Jenkins, editor of Little White Lies, a bi-monthly movie magazine powered by illustration; Richard Moynihan, Head of digital journalism, The Telegraph and Alex Stedman, fashion blogger at The Frugality and former style editor at Red magazine;
- regular readings through Writers' Centre Kingston, which offers an annual programme of events from talks to workshops and festivals, hosted and curated in partnership with institutions local to Kingston University and in London, from The Rose Theatre to the Rich Mix Cultural Foundation, from the Museum of Futures to Kingston First; and
- regular philosophy lunchtime lectures which focus on a major figure in the history of Western philosophy, introducing students to that thinker's work, usually through the discussion of one of her or his emblematic works.
The literary magazine Ripple is edited by MA students, providing:
- a platform for the publication of creative work; and
- a chance to get hands-on experience of the publishing process.
Research areas
Research in English literature and creative writing at Kingston University covers the following areas:
- 19th and 20th century British and American fiction;
- fictions of globalisation;
- gothic writing;
- travel writing;
- narratives of slavery;
- women's writing from the 18th century to the present;
- New Woman and fin de siècle fictions;
- Shakespeare;
- literature of the English Reformation period;
- English women's religious poetry during the seventeenth century; and
- postcolonial studies.
It focuses around the following research initiatives:
- Iris Murdoch Archive – established in 2004 to oversee research on the Iris Murdoch archives acquired by Kingston University in 2003/04).
- Life Narratives Research Group (LNR) – bringing together best practice from all genres of life narrative work.
- Cultural Histories @ Kingston – centred around the concept of the 'cultural text', the group includes scholars from the fields of literature, film, media, history, music, dance, performance, and journalism.
- Writers' Centre Kingston – a literary cultural centre dedicated to creative writing in all its forms, with an annual programme of events, talks, workshops and festivals.
- Race/Gender Matters – captures and concentrates research on theoretical, critical and creative engagements with the materiality of race, gender and language.
We also hold regular seminars and host presentations by visiting speakers.
Course changes and regulations
The information on this page reflects the currently intended course structure and module details. To improve your student experience and the quality of your degree, we may review and change the material information of this course. Course changes explained .
Programme Specifications for the course are published ahead of each academic year.
Regulations governing this course can be found on our website.
Related courses
Creative Writing and Publishing MA
Creative Writing Distance Learning MA
Creative Writing MFA
Journalism PgDip/MA
Magazine Journalism MA
Secondary Teaching leading to Qualified Teacher Status (QTS) PGCE English
- Fees and funding
- Accommodation
- Open Events
- Work placement
- Study resources
- Student support
- Choose Kingston
- Disability and mental health support
- Website accessibility
- Website feedback
- Freedom of Information
- Wider Information Set
- Privacy Notice
- Charitable status
Kingston University , Holmwood House, Grove Crescent, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE . Tel: +44 (0)20 8417 9000
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
Below is the list of 100 best universities for Creative Writing in the United Kingdom ranked based on their research performance: a graph of 640K citations received by 54.6K academic papers made by these universities was used to calculate ratings and create …
Yorkshire and the Humber. League tables of the universities for Creative Writing, 2025. Compare universities, courses, prospects and career options.
Full league tables of the best universities for Creative Writing, 2025. Compare universities, courses, prospects and career options.
You will be taught by practising and award-winning writers, bridging the gap between academic and creative approaches to literature. Our course is number one for creative writing in the UK …
The MA ranks among the top creative-writing courses in the country and is taught by leading writers whose work encompasses a wide range of approaches and styles. Sean Borodale’s Bee Journal was shortlisted for the TS Eliot Prize …
Below is the list of 96 best universities for Creative Writing in England ranked based on their research performance: a graph of 549K citations received by 45.6K academic …
Apply now for Kingston University London's Creative Writing MA degree. This is a uniquely flexible programme designed to enable students to develop the craft of creative writing while specialising in a chosen form or genre of popular …