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The ‘blue bottle’ experiment
In association with Nuffield Foundation
- Four out of five
Transform methylthioninium chloride (Methylene blue) from blue to colourless and back again by mixing it with glucose and shaking the solution, then letting it settle
An alkaline solution of glucose acts as a reducing agent and reduces added methylene blue from a blue to a colourless form. Shaking the solution raises the concentration of oxygen in the mixture and this oxidises the methylene blue back to its blue form. When the dissolved oxygen has been consumed, the methylene blue is slowly reduced back to its colourless form by the remaining glucose, and the cycle can be repeated many times by further shaking.
Source: Colin Baker
The reactions involved are not generally part of the curriculum, but this experiment has a number of features that make it ideal for investigating reaction kinetics - it is very quick, the chemicals are relatively cheap and safe, and the measurements are straightforward. It also has great visual impact and so is a good way of stimulating interest in chemistry, perhaps via an open day.
The demonstration lasts 3–5 minutes, but 15–20 minutes is needed for the preparation beforehand.
- Eye protection: goggles should be worn when preparing the solution
- Conical flask (1 dm 3 )
- Stopper or bung, to fit flask
- Potassium hydroxide (CORROSIVE, IRRITANT), 8 g
- Glucose (dextrose), 10 g
- Methylene blue (HARMFUL), 0.05 g
- Ethanol (IDA – Industrial Denatured Alcohol) (HIGHLY FLAMMABLE, HARMFUL), 50 cm 3
- Access to a nitrogen cylinder (optional)
Health, safety and technical notes
- Read our standard health and safety guidance
- Eye protection. Wear goggles when preparing the solution.
- Potassium hydroxide, KOH(s), (CORROSIVE, IRRITANT) – see CLEAPSS Hazcard HC091b .
- Glucose (dextrose), C 6 H 12 O 6 (s) – see CLEAPSS Hazcard HC040c .
- Methylene blue (HARMFUL) – see CLEAPSS Hazcard HC032 .
- Ethanol (IDA – Industrial Denatured Alcohol), C 2 H 5 OH(l), (HIGHLY FLAMMABLE, HARMFUL) – see CLEAPSS Hazcard HC040a .
Before the demonstration
Less than 20 minutes beforehand, preferably.
- Make a solution of 0.05 g of methylene blue in 50 cm 3 of ethanol (0.1%).
- Weigh 8 g of potassium hydroxide into the 1 dm 3 conical flask.
- Add 300 cm 3 of water and 10 g of glucose and swirl until the solids are dissolved.
- Add 5 cm 3 of the methylene blue solution. The exact quantity used is not critical.
- The resulting blue solution will turn colourless after about one minute. Stopper the flask and label it IRRITANT (due to the potassium hydroxide present).
The demonstration
- Holding the stopper securely in place, shake the flask vigorously so that air dissolves in the solution.
- The colour will change to blue and will fade back to colourless over about 30 seconds.
- The more shaking, the longer the blue colour will take to fade.
- The process can be repeated for over 20 cycles.
- After some hours, the solution will turn yellow and the colour changes will fail to occur.
Go beyond …
Beyond the ’blue bottle’ offers another spectacular colour-change-in-a-bottle demonstration, using indigo carmine to produce a range of stunning colours.
To confirm that oxygen is responsible for the colour change, nitrogen can be bubbled through the solution for a couple of minutes to displace air from the solution and the flask. If the stopper is now replaced and the bottle shaken, no colour change will occur. Reintroducing the air by pouring the solution into another flask and shaking will restore the system. Natural gas can be used (in a fume cupboard) if nitrogen is not available.
Some teachers may wish to present this experiment as a magic trick . The colour change can be brought about by simply pouring the solution from a sufficient height into a large beaker.
- A white background helps to make the colour changes more vivid. A white laboratory coat is ideal.
- On a cold day it may be necessary to warm the solution to at least 20°C, otherwise the changes are very slow.
- This experiment can be a popular open day activity. If visitors are to be allowed to shake the bottle themselves it might be wise to use a plastic screw-top pop bottle to eliminate the risk of the stopper coming off or the bottle being dropped and broken. The solution does not appear to interact with the plastic over a period of a day but it would be sensible to try out the bottle you intend to use beforehand.
Teaching notes
Methylene blue is a redox indicator and is colourless under reducing conditions but regains its blue colour when oxidised.
The removal of the blue colour is caused by the glucose which, under alkaline conditions, is reducing the methylene blue to a colourless form. Shaking the solution admits oxygen, which re-oxidises the methylene blue back to the blue form.
This experiment could be used to determine the kinetics of the reaction and thus the mechanism.
The reaction is first order with respect to the hydroxide ion, methylene blue and glucose but zero-order with respect to oxygen. The rate law can be found by measuring how long it takes for a solution of known concentration to go colourless.
The activation energy can be calculated using a normal Arrhenius plot - natural logarithm of the decolouration time (ln t ) against the reciprocal of absolute temperature (1/ T ). Campbell 2 explains this can be done because the rate of the slow step is independent of the oxygen concentration, and thus the time, t , which is required for the total oxygen to disappear, is directly related to the rate constant, k . A straight line is obtained from the plot of ln t against 1/ T . The rate law for the reaction is: 3
Rate = k [Dox][CH][OH-]
where Dox is the oxidised (blue) form of methylene blue and CH is the carbohydrate, glucose. A simple mechanism for the reaction is:
CH + OH- ⇌ C- + H2O
O2 + D → Dox (Fast)
Dox + C- → D + X- (Slow)
where D is the reduced (colourless) form of methylene blue and X- represents the oxidation products from glucose (arabinoic, formic, oxalic and erythronic acids). The enthalpy of the reaction has been reported as 23 kJ mol-1.
Using other redox indicators
Redox indicators other than methylene blue can be used to present other colours and make the demonstration really striking. In each case add the stated amount of indicator to the basic recipe of 10 g of glucose and 8 g of potassium hydroxide in 300 cm 3 of water. Mixtures of the dyes can also be used.
Phenosafranine
This is red when oxidised and colourless when reduced. Use about 6 drops of a 0.2% solution in water for a bottle that goes pink on shaking and colourless on standing. The initial pink colour takes some time to turn colourless at first. A mixture of phenosafranine (6 drops) and methylene blue (about 20 drops of the 0.1% solution in ethanol) gives a bottle which will turn pink on gentle shaking through purple with more shaking and eventually blue. It will reverse the sequence on standing.
Indigo carmine
Use 4 cm 3 of a 1% solution in water. The mixture will turn from yellow to red-brown with gentle shaking and to pale green with more vigorous shaking. The changes reverse on standing. These colours are those of traffic lights. Find the full equipment list and procedure for the Traffic light demonstration in the Colour chemistry activities.
Resazurin
IRRITANT – see CLEAPSS Hazcard HC032. Use about 4 drops of a 1% solution in water. This goes from pale blue to a purple-pink colour on shaking and reverses on standing. On first adding the dye, the solution is dark blue. This fades after about one minute.
More resources
Inspire learners and discover more ways chemists are making a difference to our world with our video job profiles .
Additional information
This is a resource from the Practical Chemistry project , developed by the Nuffield Foundation and the Royal Society of Chemistry.
Practical Chemistry activities accompany Practical Physics and Practical Biology .
The experiment is also part of the Royal Society of Chemistry’s Continuing Professional Development course: Chemistry for non-specialists .
© Nuffield Foundation and the Royal Society of Chemistry
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Specification
- Many chemical reactions are reversible.
- 1. know that many reactions are readily reversible and that they can reach a state of dynamic equilibrium in which: the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backward reaction; the concentrations of reactants and products remain…
- In some chemical reactions, the products of the reaction can react to produce the original reactants. Such reactions are called reversible reactions and are represented: A + B ⇌ C + D.
- Recall that some reactions may be reversed by altering the reaction conditions.
- 4.13 Recall that chemical reactions are reversible, the use of the symbol ⇌ in equations and that the direction of some reversible reactions can be altered by changing the reaction conditions
- C6.3.1 recall that some reactions may be reversed by altering the reaction conditions including: reversible reactions are shown by the symbol ; reversible reactions (in closed systems) do not reach 100% yield
- C6.3.1 recall that some reactions may be reversed by altering the reaction conditions including: reversible reactions are shown by the symbol ⇌; reversible reactions (in closed systems) do not reach 100% yield
- C5.2a recall that some reactions may be reversed by altering the reaction conditions
- C5.3a recall that some reactions may be reversed by altering the reaction conditions
- A reaction or process that releases heat energy is described as exothermic.
- Choice of indicator.
- Introduction to oxidation and reduction: simple examples only, e.g. Na with Cl₂, Mg with O₂, Zn with Cu²⁺.
- Oxidising and reducing agents.
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Blue Bottle Chemistry Demonstration
The blue bottle reaction is a classic color change chemistry demonstration. It interests students in chemistry, introduces the scientific method , and illustrates oxidation and reduction (redox reactions) and chemical kinetics. The reaction starts as a blue liquid which becomes colorless and returns to its blue color.
The usual materials for the Blue Bottle chem demo are:
- 8 grams potassium hydroxide (KOH)
- 10 grams dextrose
- Methylene blue solution (0.25 g methylene blue in 1000 mL water)
- 500-mL flask with stopper
You can make substitutions for the chemicals. In place of potassium hydroxide, you can use another strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Glucose may be used in place of dextrose. Several redox indicator dyes can be used instead of methylene blue. These include indigo carmine (green-red-green or green-yellow-red ), resazurin ( Vanishing Valentine ), thionine (purple), or FDC Blue #1 ( Gatorade and drain cleaner Blue Bottle demo).
The base solution (NaOH or KOH) can be prepared in advance, but it’s best to add the sugar and methylene blue just prior to the demonstration.
- In the flask, dissolve 8 grams potassium hydroxide in about 300 mL of water.
- After the solution has cooled, add 10 grams of dextrose.
- Add about 1 mL of methylene blue solution to the flask and stopper it. The ideal volume produces a solution that turns colorless upon standing, but becomes blue when the flask is shaken. If necessary, add more dye dropwise to achieve the desired effect.
- For the demonstration, shake the flask so that the solution is blue. Allow it to rest to turn colorless.
Exploring Chemical Kinetics
The Blue Bottle demonstration may be used to explore chemical kinetics. One variation on the demo is two use two 500-mL flasks, one with 2.5 g NaOH or KOH, 2.5 g glucose or dextrose, and 1 mL methylene blue and the other with 5.0 g NaOH or KOH, 5.0 g glucose or dextrose, and 1 mL methylene blue. Stopper and shake the flasks to start the reaction and compare the effect of concentration on the rate of the chemical reaction. Temperature also affects rate of reaction. KOH or NaOH solutions may be placed in hot and cold water baths before adding the sugar and methylene blue.
How It Works
Students can appreciate the blue bottle reaction and make predictions about its behavior if temperature or reactant concentrations change without understanding the chemistry. However, the reaction is well-studied. Dissolved oxygen oxidizes glucose to form gluconic acid. The sodium hydroxide converts gluconic acid into sodium gluconate. Methylene blue acts as an indicator, but also speeds the reaction by serving as an oxygen transfer agent. As it oxidizes glucose, methylene blue is reduced to form colorless leucomethylene blue. Shaking the stoppered bottle introduces fresh oxygen into the solution and reoxidizes methylene blue, returning it to its blue form. While the color change is reversible and the demonstration may be performed many times, eventually the solution turns yellow or brown.
Safety and Disposal
Avoid contact with the strong base and its solutions. Sodium and potassium hydroxide are caustic chemicals, capable of producing a chemical burn. As always, it’s best to wear safety goggles, gloves, and a lab coat (or similar forms of protective gear). The reaction neutralizes the base, so it’s safe to pour the solution down the drain. If you want, you can neutralize any excess base using a weak acid (e.g., vinegar) before disposal.
- Dutton, F. B. (1960). “Methylene Blue – Reduction and Oxidation”. Journal of Chemical Education . 37 (12): A799. doi: 10.1021/ed037pA799.1
- Engerer, Steven C.; Cook, A. Gilbert (1999). “The Blue Bottle Reaction as a General Chemistry Experiment on Reaction Mechanisms”. Journal of Chemical Education . 76 (11): 1519–1520. doi: 10.1021/ed076p1519
- Limpanuparb, Taweetham; Areekul, Cherprang; Montriwat, Punchalee; Rajchakit, Urawadee (2017). “Blue Bottle Experiment: Learning Chemistry without Knowing the Chemicals”. Journal of Chemical Education . 94 (6): 730. doi: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00844
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The Blue Bottle Chemistry Demonstration
When you shake it, the blue liquid turns clear and then back to blue
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In this chemistry experiment , a blue solution gradually becomes clear. When the flask of liquid is swirled around, the solution reverts to blue. The blue bottle reaction is easy to perform and uses readily available materials. Here are instructions for performing the demonstration, explanations of the chemistry involved, and options for performing the experiment with other colors:
Materials Needed
- Two 1-liter Erlenmeyer flasks , with stoppers
- 7.5 g glucose (2.5 g for one flask; 5 g for the other)
- 7.5 g sodium hydroxide NaOH (2.5 g for one flask; 5 g for the other)
- 0.1% solution of methylene blue (1 ml for each flask)
Performing the Blue Bottle Demonstration
- Half-fill two one-liter Erlenmeyer flasks with tap water.
- Dissolve 2.5 g of glucose in one of the flasks (flask A) and 5 g of glucose in the other flask (flask B).
- Dissolve 2.5 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in flask A and 5 g of NaOH in flask B.
- Add ~1 ml of 0.1% methylene blue to each flask.
- Stopper the flasks and shake them to dissolve the dye. The resulting solution will be blue.
- Set the flasks aside. (This is a good time to explain the chemistry of the demonstration.) The liquid will gradually become colorless as glucose is oxidized by the dissolved dioxygen . The effect of concentration on reaction rate should be obvious. The flask with twice the concentration uses the dissolved oxygen in about half the time as the other solution. Since oxygen remains available via diffusion, a thin blue boundary can be expected to remain at the solution-air interface.
- The blue color of the solutions can be restored by swirling or shaking the contents of the flasks.
- The reaction can be repeated several times.
Safety and Cleanup
Avoid skin contact with the solutions, which contain caustic chemicals. The reaction neutralizes the solution, so it can be disposed of by simply pouring it down the drain.
Chemical Reactions
In this reaction, glucose (an aldehyde) in an alkaline solution is slowly oxidized by dioxygen to form gluconic acid:
CH 2 OH–CHOH–CHOH–CHOH–CHOH–CHO + 1/2 O 2 --> CH 2 OH–CHOH–CHOH–CHOH–CHOH–COOH
Gluconic acid is converted to sodium gluconate in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Methylene blue speeds up this reaction by acting as an oxygen transfer agent. By oxidizing glucose, methylene blue is itself reduced (forming leucomethylene blue) and becomes colorless.
If there is sufficient available oxygen (from the air), leucomethylene blue is re-oxidized and the blue color of the solution can be restored. Upon standing, glucose reduces the methylene blue dye and the color of the solution disappears. In dilute solutions, the reaction takes place at 40 degrees to 60 degrees Celcius, or at room temperature (described here) for more concentrated solutions.
Other Colors
DragonImages / Getty Images
In addition to the blue/clear/blue of the methylene blue reaction, other indicators can be used for different color-change reactions. For example, resazurin (7-hydroxy-3H-phenoxazin-3-one-10-oxide, sodium salt) produces a red/clear/red reaction when substituted for methylene blue in the demonstration. The indigo carmine reaction is even more eye-catching, with its green/red-yellow/green color change.
Performing the Indigo Carmine Color Change Reaction
- Prepare a 750 ml aqueous solution with 15 g glucose (solution A) and a 250 ml aqueous solution with 7.5 g sodium hydroxide (solution B).
- Warm solution A to body temperature (98-100 degrees F). Warming the solution is important.
- Add a pinch of indigo carmine, the disodium salt of indigo-5,5’-disulphonic acid, to solution A. Use a quantity sufficient to make solution A visibly blue.
- Pour solution B into solution A. This will change the color from blue to green. Over time, this color will change from green to red/golden yellow.
- Pour this solution into an empty beaker, from a height of ~60 cm. Vigorous pouring from a height is essential to dissolve dioxygen from the air into the solution. This should return the color to green.
- Once again, the color will return to red/golden yellow. The demonstration may be repeated several times.
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Blue bottle experiment
Experimental procedure, a) experiment with glucose, naoh, and methylene blue, b) experiment with glucose, cuso 4 and naoh, copy short link.
Blue-Bottle-Experiment
- Chemische Reaktion
- Chemisches Experiment
Unter dem Blue-Bottle-Experiment versteht man ein klassisches Schauexperiment der Chemie . In einem geschlossenen Gefäß befindet sich eine farblose Flüssigkeit und etwas Luft. Schüttelt man das Gefäß, so färbt sich die Flüssigkeit blau. Nach kurzer Zeit verschwindet die Farbe jedoch wieder. Je länger man schüttelt, desto länger bleibt die Färbung erhalten.
Chemisch gesehen ist dieser Versuch auch als Modellversuch für eine Redoxsystem verwandt mit NAD + /NADH 2 möglich. Außerdem ist die Schüttelzeit proportional zur Färbungszeit ( Reaktion 1. Ordnung ).
Die Reaktion zur Entfärbung beruht auf der Reduktion einer Methylenblau -Lösung zur Leuko-Form durch Glucose , die dabei zu Gluconsäure oxidiert wird.
Beim Schütteln wird das Leuko-Methylenblau durch Sauerstoff aus der Luft wieder zu farbigem Methylenblau oxidiert.
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Blue Bottle
Showexperimente
Methylenblau wird mit einer Glucoselösung reduziert und in die farblose Leukoform überführt. Die Leukomethylenblau-Lösung wird mit Sauerstoff versetzt und geschüttelt, wobei der Farbstoff wieder oxidiert wird.
Verwendete Chemikalien
| Chemikalie | |
|---|---|
|
| 5 g NaOH – 40.00 g/mol Ätznatron CAS-Nr.: 1310-73-2 – EG-Nr.: 215-185-5 Met. Corr. 1, Skin Corr. 1A, Eye Dam. 1, WGK 1 H290 Kann gegenüber Metallen korrosiv sein. H314 Verursacht schwere Verätzungen der Haut und schwere Augenschäden. P234 Nur in Originalverpackung aufbewahren. P260 Staub/Rauch/Gas/Nebel/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen. P280 Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz/Gesichtsschutz/Gehörschutz tragen. P301 + P330 + P331 BEI VERSCHLUCKEN: Mund ausspülen. KEIN Erbrechen herbeiführen. P303 + P361 + P353 BEI BERÜHRUNG MIT DER HAUT (oder dem Haar): Alle kontaminierten Kleidungsstücke sofort ausziehen. Haut mit Wasser abwaschen. P305 + P351 + P338 BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser ausspülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter ausspülen. Sigma-Aldrich, 306576, SDB vom 29.07.2021 |
|
| 40 g -(+)-Glucose, H O – 180.16 g/mol Hexose (IUPAC), Traubenzucker, Dextrose CAS-Nr.: 50-99-7 – EG-Nr.: 200-075-1 WGK 1 Sigma-Aldrich, G5767, SDB vom 21.01.2021 |
|
| 0.02 g H ClN S · x H O – 319.85 g/mol 3,7-Bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-iumchlorid (IUPAC), , , ′, ′-Tetramethylthioninchlorid, Methyl(en)thioniniumchlorid, C.I. 52015, C.I. Basic Blue 9 CAS-Nr.: 61-73-4 – EG-Nr.: 200-515-2 Acute Tox. 4 (oral), WGK 3 H302 Gesundheitsschädlich bei Verschlucken. P264 Nach Gebrauch exponierte Haut gründlich waschen. P270 Bei Gebrauch nicht essen, trinken oder rauchen. P301 + P312 BEI VERSCHLUCKEN: Bei Unwohlsein GIFTINFORMATIONSZENTRUM/Arzt anrufen. P501 Inhalt/Behälter einer anerkannten Abfallentsorgungsanlage zuführen. Sigma-Aldrich, M9140, SDB vom 18.02.2021 |
Verwendete Geräte, Versuchsaufbau
500-ml-Standzylinder mit Schliff
Versuchsdurchführung
In einem 500-ml-Standzylinder werden in 400 mL Wasser, 5 g Natriumhydroxid und 40 g Glucose gelöst. Nun werden noch 0.02 g Methylenblau zugegeben. Das Methylenblau muss sich entfärben. Der Schliff des Standzylinders wird geöffnet und kurz hineingeblasen. Es wird wieder verschlossen und kräftig geschüttelt.
Reaktionsgleichung
Das Methylenblau (Oxidationsmittel) wird durch die alkalische Glucoselösung zu Leukomethylenblau (Leukoform des Methylenblaus) reduziert. Die Glucose (Reduktionsmittel) wird dabei zu Gluconsäure oxidiert. Wird das Reaktionsgefäß geschüttelt, geht der Luftsauerstoff in Lösung und reoxidiert das Leukomethylenblau zu Methylenblau. Die Lösung färbt sich blau. Lässt man die Lösung stehen, bildet sich wieder die Leukoform des Methylenblaus und die Lösung ist wieder farblos. Dieser Vorgang lässt sich so lange wiederholen, bis alle Glucosemoleküle oxidiert sind oder kein Luftsauerstoff mehr vorhanden ist. Es handelt sich um eine Redoxreaktion, da Oxidation und Reduktion stattfinden.
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- Blue-Bottle-Experiment
| versteht man eines der klassischen Show-Experimente in der . In einem geschlossenen Gefäß befindet sich eine farblose Flüssigkeit und etwas Luft. Schüttelt man das Gefäß, so färbt sich die Flüssigkeit blau; die Farbe verschwindet aber wieder. Je länger man schüttelt, desto länger bleibt die Färbung erhalten. Chemisch gesehen ist dieser Versuch auch als Modellversuch für eine verwandt mit /NADH möglich. Außerdem ist die Schüttelzeit proportional zur Färbungszeit ( ). Man benötigt: mit Schliff und Stopfen (500 ml) -PlätzchenZuerst stellt man sich 50 ml einer durchscheinenden -Lösung her, es werden 0,1 g auf 50 ml dest. Wasser aufgelöst. Dabei ist darauf zu achten, dass die nicht zu hoch ist, da sonst die Reaktion sehr lange zur Regeneration benötigt. Nun gibt man 400 ml dest. Wasser in einen Rundkolben und löst darin 5 g NaOH-Plätzchen auf. (Vorsicht: Erwärmung!) Anschließend gibt man 40 g und von der vorhin hergestellten Methylenlösung 5 ml hinzu. Nach kurzer Zeit verschwindet die Farbe des Methylenblaus, denn dieses ist durch Reduktion in seine Leuko-Form übergegangen. Als fungiert dabei die Glucose, welche zur oxidiert wird. Wenn man nun den Rundkolben schüttelt, wird das Leuko-Methylenblau durch den Luftsauerstoff wieder zu Methylenblau oxidiert und die Lösung färbt sich wieder blau. Nach kurzem Stehenlassen tritt wieder Entfärbung ein. Durch erneutes Schütteln kann dieser Vorgang mehrfach wiederholt werden.
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IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
Reaktionsmechanismus der Blue-Bottle-Reaktion: 1. Reduktion von Methylenblau zu Leukomethylenblau: 2. Oxidation der Glucose: 3 Reoxidation des Leukomethylenblau durch den Luftsauerstoff: Entsorgung: Die Reaktionslösung als anorganische, halogenfreie Lösungsmi ttel-Abfälle entsorgen. 2 H.
The blue bottle experiment is a color-changing redox chemical reaction. An aqueous solution containing glucose, sodium hydroxide, methylene blue is prepared in a closed bottle containing some air. Upon standing, it spontaneously turns from blue to colorless due to reduction of methylene blue by the alkaline glucose solution. However, shaking ...
Before the demonstration. Less than 20 minutes beforehand, preferably. Make a solution of 0.05 g of methylene blue in 50 cm 3 of ethanol (0.1%). Weigh 8 g of potassium hydroxide into the 1 dm 3 conical flask. Add 300 cm 3 of water and 10 g of glucose and swirl until the solids are dissolved. Add 5 cm 3 of the methylene blue solution.
blau wird zu einer farblosen Leukoform reduziert. Wird die Lösung geschüttelt, reagiert das Leuko-Methylenblau mit dem in der Lösung gelösten Luftsauerstoff und übertr. gt die Protonen darauf, so dass Wasser entsteht. Methylenblau befindet sich nun wieder im Ausgangszustand u. nsschema des Blue Bottle-ExperimentesEntsorgung:Die Lösung.
The reaction starts as a blue liquid which becomes colorless and returns to its blue color. Materials. The usual materials for the Blue Bottle chem demo are: 8 grams potassium hydroxide (KOH) 10 grams dextrose; Methylene blue solution (0.25 g methylene blue in 1000 mL water) Water; 500-mL flask with stopper; You can make substitutions for the ...
Blue-Bottle-Experiment. Unter dem Blue-Bottle-Experiment versteht man ein klassisches Schauexperiment der Chemie. In einem geschlossenen Gefäß befindet sich eine farblose Flüssigkeit und etwas Luft. ... Die Reaktion zur Entfärbung beruht auf der Reduktion einer Methylenblau-Lösung zur Leuko-Form durch Glucose, die dabei zu Gluconsäure ...
Procedure. 1) Give the colorless solution in the flask a few quick shakes, until a color change is visible. 2) The blue color that appears will then slowly fade. The time required for the color to fade depends on how much the flask is shaken. 3) The regeneration and fading of the blue color may be repeated a number of times by shaking the flask ...
The Blue-Bottle Experiment. Description: A bottle half-full of a colorless liquid is shaken and turns blue. On standing undisturbed, the blue color fades. The cycle may be repeated several times. Other colors can be produced by substituting other indicators for the methylene blue commonly used. Rating: Source: Shakhashiri, B.Z. Chemical ...
Performing the Blue Bottle Demonstration. Half-fill two one-liter Erlenmeyer flasks with tap water. Dissolve 2.5 g of glucose in one of the flasks (flask A) and 5 g of glucose in the other flask (flask B). Add ~1 ml of 0.1% methylene blue to each flask. Stopper the flasks and shake them to dissolve the dye.
A) Experiment with glucose, NaOH, and methylene blue. Add 50 mL of water to the glass flask or beaker. Add 1 teaspoon of glucose powder to the water and stir with a stirring rod until the glucose is dissolved. Add 2 mL of methylene blue solution to the flask or beaker and stir. The solution should turn blue.
Unter dem Blue-Bottle-Experiment versteht man ein klassisches Schauexperiment der Chemie. In einem geschlossenen Gefäß befindet sich eine farblose Flüssigkeit und etwas Luft. ... (Reaktion 1. Ordnung). Reaktion. Die Reaktion zur Entfärbung beruht auf der Reduktion einer Methylenblau-Lösung zur Leuko-Form durch Glucose, die dabei zu ...
The blue bottle reaction is a simple demonstration of a redox reaction, with obvious colour changes. It can also be used as an introduction to reaction kinetics, including the role of temperature on rate of reaction.This procedure details how to perform the eponymous blue bottle reaction, and how different colour changes can be achieved.
Blue Bottle Einleitung. Methylenblau wird mit einer Glucoselösung reduziert und in die farblose Leukoform überführt. Die Leukomethylenblau-Lösung wird mit Sauerstoff versetzt und geschüttelt, wobei der Farbstoff wieder oxidiert wird. ... Redox-Reaktion Experimente mit Reduktions- und Oxidationsvorgang; Sprengstoff Experimente mit kleinen ...
Blue-Bottle-Experiment Unter dem Blue-Bottle-Experiment versteht man eines der klassischen Show-Experimente in der Chemie. ... Dabei ist darauf zu achten, dass die Konzentration nicht zu hoch ist, da sonst die Reaktion sehr lange zur Regeneration benötigt. Nun gibt man 400 ml dest. Wasser in einen Rundkolben und löst darin 5 g NaOH-Plätzchen ...
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A classic demonstration of a redox reaction. Methylene blue is blue when oxidised but its reduced form is colourless. Glucose, in alkaline conditions, is a reducing agent. A bottle or flask is filled 2/3 or so full of a methylene blue - glucose - sodium hydroxide solution and the top sealed. In a few minutes the solution goes clear.
Zum Versuch. Es handelt sich bei der Blue-Bottle-Reaktion um eine durch Methylenblau katalysierte Oxidation der Glucose. Oxidationsmittel ist der Luftsauerstoff. Methylenblau bildet dabei in reversibler Reaktion eine farblose Leukoform (Leukomethylenblau), in der das vorher vorhandene chinoide, mesomerie-stabilisierte System des Methylenblaus ...
Experiment: Versuch: Blue Bottle-Versuch (Blaues Wunder) Es handelt sich bei der Blue Bottle-Reaktion um eine durch Methylenblau (Mb +) katalysierte Oxidation der Glucose. Oxidationsmittel ist letztlich der Luftsauerstoff. Die Mitwirkung des Methylenblaus erkennt man an seiner Entfärbung. Die farblose Stufe MbH kann als Beispiel für eine ...
The famous blue bottle experiment a visually dramatic way to teach reduction-oxidation (redox) chemistry. Students from grade school to grad school find this reaction memorable and it is considered a classic staple in chemical demonstration shows. A half-full bottle of colorless liquid turns blue when shaken, and when the bottle is allowed to ...
A DFT investigation of the blue bottle experiment: E ∘ half-cell analysis of autoxidation catalysed by redox indicators. Royal Society Open Science 2017 , 4 (11) , 170708.
Das hier ist der Versuch mit dem Namen "Blue Bottle". Er wird im Schulunterricht gerne, als Beispiel für Redox-Reaktionen genommen.This experiment is called ...
My favorite deno feature is coming to node directly. Awesome! Maybe this means I don't always have to install esbuild to strip types - very excited how this will make writing scripts in TypeScript that much easier to use.