case study house 18 craig ellwood

The Case Study Houses Program: Craig Ellwood’s Case Study House 18

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Craig Ellwood’s series of Case Study Houses was seen most successfully in the Case Study House  18, otherwise known as Fields House, that introduced many design enhancements on previous models.

The no. 18 was built in Beverly Hills, Los Angeles, which provided sweeping views of the surrounding hills from a prime location.

One of the most significant progressions of the Case Study House 18, was to prefabricate its frame in a factory to which were later added fixtures such as walls, floors and tiling.

A translucent glass wall protects the house from the street-view but makes the light to filter through while offering privacy to the people inside. The inside-outside continuity was guaranteed by sliding doors connecting the living room with the terrace.

As other Case Study Houses, the no. 18 had many inclusions such as a swimming pool, modern appliances and a central vacuum system. Also, Ellwood placed many electrical outlets around the house to help its owners to tailor the spaces as they liked. Over time this made the original design almost unrecognisable.

The glass and beams prefabricated structure together with a flexible open plan, made the Case Study House 18 the perfect example of what the Case Study Houses Program was trying to achieve: an architectural model for affordable and modern housing.

The Case Study Houses Program: Richard Neutra’s Bailey House

The case study houses program: pierre koenig’s stahl house.

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Fields House / Case Study House nº18

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Case Study House #18, Beverly Hills, CA (1957-1958)

Structure Type: built works - dwellings - houses

Designers: Ellwood, Craig, Associates (firm); Waltz, Warren, Landscape Architect (firm); Craig Ellwood (architect); Jerrold Ellsworth Lomax (architect); Warren Ray Waltz (landscape architect)

Dates: constructed 1957-1958

Designed in 1955, erected 1957-1958; Jerrold E. Lomax was listed as an associate of Ellwood's on this project; house comprised a 32-foot by 72-foot rectangle; plan was oriented to take advantage of a sweeping city view on the south; no glass walls faced the street or carport; blue wireglass was used on the windows to absorb sunlight; Ellwood designed the house to be erected quickly with pre-fab wall panels;

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Craig Ellwood

Smith House

Broughton House

Craig Ellwood (April 22, 1922 - May 30, 1992) was an influential Los Angeles-based modernist architect whose career spanned the early 1950s through the mid-1970s. Although untrained as an architect, Ellwood fashioned a persona and career through equal parts of a talent for good design, self-promotion and ambition. He was recognized professionally for fusing of the formalism of Mies van der Rohe with the informal style of California modernism.

Ellwood was born Jon Nelson Burke in Clarendon, Texas. Along with many others in the 1920s, Ellwood's family moved west, following U.S. Route 66, finally settling in Los Angeles in 1937. There, Ellwood, as Johnnie Burke, attended Belmont High School, where he was class president before graduating in 1940. In 1942, Ellwood and his brother Cleve both joined the U.S. Army Air Corps. Ellwood served as a B-24 radio operator, based with Cleve in Victorville, California until his discharge in 1946.

After his discharge, Burke returned to Los Angeles and set up a company with his brother Cleve and two friends from the war, the Marzicola brothers, one of whom had a contractor's license. The four men called their firm 'Craig Ellwood' after a liquor store called Lords and Elwood located in front of their offices. Burke later legally changed his name to Ellwood. In 1948, he joined the firm Lamport Cofer Salzman (L.C.S.) as a construction cost estimator, having acquired this skill during his work for the Craig Ellwood Company. Ellwood also studied structural engineering through UCLA extension night school for five years. He became increasingly involved in design and architecture, resulting in Ellwood's first commissions, all for residences.

Ellwood established 'Craig Ellwood Design' in 1951. There Ellwood would provide the commissions and the vision, and it was up to USC-trained architect Robert Theron 'Pete' Peters, and later others, to provide the technical realization, drawings and the required sign-off of a licensed architect. Early projects included Case Study House 16 in 1952. The designs were well received by both the trade and potential clients, often receiving favorable coverage in influential publications like John Entenza's Arts & Architecture, often arranged for by Ellwood personally. Thus the firm received a growing stream of both residential and commercial commissions, and Ellwood's style matured to fully embrace the concepts put forth by International Style architects, particularly Mies van der Rohe.

By the late-1950s, though not a licensed architect, Ellwood was nonetheless a sought-after university lecturer, eventually giving a series of talks at Yale University, and teaching at the University of Southern California and California State Polytechnic University, Pomona's Department of Architecture.

Though Ellwood's office expanded with the size and number of his commissions, it was never a particularly profitable enterprise. It continued through the mid-1970s, with several notable projects, including the master plan for the Rand Corporation's headquarters in Santa Monica, California, a number of Xerox and IBM offices, and the trademark "bridge building" dramatically spanning an arroyo and roadway at Art Center College of Design in Pasadena. As published in the 1976, the Art Center building is recognized as the work of Craig Ellwood Associates, with James Tyler as design architect and Stephen Woolley as project architect. Some sources have sought to re-credit this building solely to Tyler, who had worked for John Sugden (a former associate of Mies) and was the architect of the Art Center addition, completed in 1991. The practice closed in 1977 and Ellwood retired to Italy to focus on painting and restoring a farm house near Ambra, Italy. Ellwood died of a heart attack in 1992 in Pergine Valdarno, Italy.

Architectural Philosophy

Craig Ellwood stated his architectural philosophy in the March 1976 issue of L.A. Architect:

"The essence of architecture is the interrelation and interaction of mass, space, plane and line. The purpose of architecture is to enrich the joy and drama of living. The spirit of architecture is its truthfulness to itself: its clarity and logic with respect to its materials and structure.

"Building comes of age when it expresses its epoch. The constant change in technology demands a continuously maturing expression of itself. When technology reaches its fulfillment in perfect equilibrium with function, there is a transcendence into architecture.

"The truth about truth is it is - waiting for us to discover it. The consciousness of truth is not static, but ever progressively unfolding. We must strive for intrinsic solution, not extrinsic effect. The moment form becomes arbitrary, it becomes novelty or style - it becomes something other than architecture. Materials and methods will certainly change, but the basic laws of nature make finally everything timeless.

"Architecture, by its own nature, must certainly be more than an expression of an idea. Art in architecture is not arbitrary stylism or ethereal symbolism, but rather the extent to which a building can transcend from the measurable into the immeasurable. The extent to which a building can evoke profound emotion. The extent to which a building can spiritually uplift and inspire man while simultaneously reflecting the logic or the technique which alone can convey its validity to exist."

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Balance Associates Architects

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Case Study House morphs into a Regency-style contemporary and is now for sale in Beverly Hills

It’s asking $8.7 million

Case Study House No. 18 by Craig Ellwood, “extensively remodeled and altered,” is for sale right now in Beverly Hills.

Its current form is more of a Regency-inspired exterior with an interior that combines brown floor tile, vaulted ceilings and skylights in the kitchen, and touches of what looks to be marble.

The four-bedroom house began its life in 1958 as a prefab house with a sleek, minimal design that was “strongly defined with color: ceiling and panels are off-white and the steel framework is blue.” (Images from the early days of the house can be seen at the website Mid-Century Home .)

“The original steel frame, pre-fab midcentury house potentially could be restored to its original intent,” says the listing, leaving the possibility open for a return to the past for the house.

The Case Study House program was sponsored by Arts & Architecture magazine. The homes, designed from the mid-1940s to mid-1960s, were supposed to be replicable and affordable, and were aimed at building much needed housing in the post-World War II era.

This house sits on a plot that’s just under an acre. It was most recently owned by Baseball Hall of Famer Hank Greenberg and his wife, and it is listed for $8.7 million . (The property site shows the residence’s previous price, $9.5 million.)

• 1129 Miradero Road [Daniel Banchik and Amy Dantzler/Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices]
• Mapped: The Case Study houses that made Los Angeles a modernist mecca [Curbed LA]

Next Up In For Sale in Los Angeles

• Koreatown Craftsman With Lots of Hand-Carved Woodwork Asks $1.5M
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Craig Ellwood

Craig Ellwood (1922-1992)

Craig Ellwood perhaps was as well known for his personal life as his architecture. He married four times, had a penchant for exotic sports cars, and was a natural in public relations.  

Born Jon Nelson Burke in 1922 in Clarendon, Texas, he coined “Craig Ellwood” as the name of a construction company he formed after World War II with his brother and two friends. The business lasted only two years, but Ellwood kept the company name, legally taking it as his own in 1948.

Ellwood’s family settled in Los Angeles when he was a teenager (still known as Jon Burke). He was elected class president at Belmont High School. After graduating, he served in the U.S. Army Air Corps until 1946. He had acting ambitions and dabbled in modeling and PR before entering the world of architecture.

After closing the construction business, Ellwood worked as a cost estimator for the contracting firm Lamport Cofer Salzman (LCS), which built several Case Study Houses. Through LCS, Ellwood met John Entenza, founder of the Case Study House program and editor of Arts & Architecture magazine. This connection would prove pivotal to his success as an architect.  

Ellwood took night courses in structural engineering at UCLA but never earned a formal degree. He had a natural brilliance for architecture and design, profoundly understanding the relationship of horizontal and vertical planes and the merits of prefabrication. He taught and lectured at universities including USC, Cal-Poly Pomona, and Yale.

He established Craig Ellwood Associates in 1949 and in 1951 was invited by Entenza to participate in the Case Study House Program. Ellwood designed three houses for the program ( #16 , #17, and #18). Completed in 1952 and considered by many as one of the most important postwar California homes, #16 is the only one of the three that remains intact. 

Ellwood gained many commissions as result of the Case Study House program, and he designed many noteworthy Modern homes throughout Los Angeles. The firm’s commercial projects included office towers and the Bridge Building for Art Center College for Design in Pasadena—considered by many as his farewell project.  

Craig Ellwood Associates stayed in practice until Ellwood’s retirement in 1977, when he moved to Italy to pursue painting. He died there in 1992.

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ellwood, craig - Case Study House No. 18 (2 of 5)

Arts & architecture, june 1958   all images are for educational purposes and are under copyright of creators and owners.

The Only Surviving Craig Ellwood Case Study House Asks $2.9M

One of Craig Ellwood’s architectural masterpieces is now on the market. Completed in 1953, the single-story, flat-roofed home was the first of three contributions Ellwood made to  Arts & Architecture magazine’s Case Study House Program. Today, the two-bedroom abode is the only surviving member of the trio, as the other two homes were since heavily remodeled.

The home’s front facade is wrapped with translucent glass panels.

Located at 1811 Bel Air Road, Case Study House #16 was designed by Craig Ellwood in 1953. The residence has been meticulously maintained over the years by its two owners, and today it’s the only surviving Case Study design by Ellwood.

Set on a flat site in the hills of Bel Air, the residence has had only two owners since its completion. With the exception of a few minor changes over the years, it remains in its original condition—and it’s now recognized as a city landmark by the Los Angeles Conservancy.

Although he was an engineer by trade and had no formal architectural training, Ellwood had a passion for using industrial materials and construction techniques in residential architecture. His approach is exhibited in Case Study House #16, which is primarily constructed of steel, glass, and concrete.

From the moment it was built, the home was celebrated for its innovative design. Translucent glass panels shield the modular steel structure, making the residence read as a floating pavilion from the street. Now, for the first time in 50 years, the property is back on the market—currently listed for $2,995,000. Scroll ahead to see inside.

"The house was innovative in its use of exposed steel structural framing, and floor-to-ceiling glass walls took advantage of spectacular views," notes the Los Angeles Conservancy. The home is located on an 8,427-square-foot lot in Bel Air, and its "layout and siting align with the views and sun orientation, taking full advantage of both."

Floor-to-ceiling glass walls invite warm natural light into the 1,664-square-foot interior.

In the living room, an original natural rock fireplace continues through the glass to divide the patio.

The home’s free-flowing floor plan seamlessly connects the main living areas.

Steel beams support the home’s roof while creating a trellised covering for the side patio.

The home displays several applications of the same materials—metal, glass, and concrete—a key characteristic of most Ellwood homes.

Tucked away in the hills of Bel Air, Case Study House #16 is a serene oasis in the center of Los Angeles.

1811 Bel Air Road in Los Angeles, CA, is currently listed for $2,995,000 by Aaron Kirman, Dalton Gomez, and Weston Littlefield of the Aaron Kirman Group at Compass.

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ARTS AND ARCHITECTURE, June 1958. Case Study House 18: Craig Ellwood.

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ARTS AND ARCHITECTURE June 1958

John entenza [editor].

John Entenza [Editor]: ARTS AND ARCHITECTURE. Los Angeles: John D. Entenza, Volume 75, No. 6, June 1958. Slim folio. Saddle-stitched printed wrappers. 38 pp. Illustrated articles and advertisments. Cover design by Coe, Wrappers lightly soiled and worn, chipped spine heel. A very good copy.

9.75 x 12.75 vintage magazine with 38 pages of editorial content and advertisements from leading purveyors of West Coast mid-century modernism, circa 1958.  Staff photography by Julius Shulman. In terms of decor, there is none of that Chippendale jive here-- every residential interior is decked out in full midcentury glory.

Layout by John Follis, Charles Kratka, and Frederick A. Usher, Jr.

• The Designer and the Transmission Of Values: Leo Lionni
• The Machine and Architecture: Craig Ellwood
• Plastic Building Panels: Jan De Swart
• Case Study House 18: Craig Ellwood. 10 pages with 33 images.
• The Climate For Design In Japan: La Gardo Tackett
• New Fabrics from Knoll Textiles
• Notes In Passing
• Currently Available Product Literature And Information
• Ads for Anton Maix Fabrics, Herman Miller Furniture Company, Howard Miller, Knoll, Van Keppel-Green, etc.

Editorial Associates for Arts and Architecture included Herbert Matter and Charles Eames. Julius Shulman was the staff photographer.  The Editorial Advisory Board included William Wilson Wurster, Richard Neutra, Isamu Noguchi, Eero Saarinen, Gardner Dailey, Sumner Spaulding, Mario Corbett, Esther McCoy, John Funk, Gregory Ain, George Nelson, Gyorgy Kepes, Marcel Breuer, Raphael Soriano, Ray Eames, Garret Eckbo, Edgar Kaufman, Jr. and others luminaries of the mid-century modern movement.

In 1938, John Entenza joined California Arts and Architecture magazine as editor. by 1943, Entenza and his art director Alvin Lustig had completely overhauled the magazine and renamed it Arts and Architecture. Arts and Architecture championed all that was new in the arts, with special emphasis on emerging modernist architecture in Southern California.

One of the pivotal figures in the growth of modernism in California, Entenza's most lasting contribution was his sponsorship of the Case Study Houses project, which featured the works of architects Thornton Abell, Conrad Buff, Calvin Straub, Donald Hensman, Charles Eames, Eero Saarinen, J. R. Davidson, A. Quincy Jones, Frederick Emmons, Don Knorr, Edward Killinsworth, Jules Brady, Waugh Smith, Pierre Koenig, Kemper Nomland,   Kemper Nomland Jr., Richard Neutra, Ralph Rapson, Raphael Soriano, Whitney Smith, Sumner Spaulding, John Rex, Rodney Walker, William Wilson Wurster, Theodore Bernardi and Craig Ellwood. Arts and Architecture also ran articles and interviews on artists and designers such as Jackson Pollock, Robert Motherwell, George Nakashima, George Nelson and many other groundbreakers.

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'Case Study House No. 18: Fields House' by Craig Ellwood

This house has been remodeled beyond recognition from the original

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Midcentury Icon: L.A.’s Famed Smith House Hovers on the Market for $3.5M

Only a few years after it underwent a meticulous renovation, the legendary Smith House in Los Angeles is back on the market—this time for $3,495,000.

The midcentury modern home, perched on a hillside, was last traded in 2019 for $2.3 million.

Its clean lines and gravity-defying construction have landed the steel-and-glass pavilion in numerous design publications over the years.

The house sits on a 9,680-square-foot lot in Brentwood’s Crestwood Hills area and measures a modest 1,550 square feet. That makes the price per square foot a hefty $2,255.

This sleek abode features two bedrooms, two baths, and generous decks that overlook the local hills, the city beyond, and the Queen’s Necklace strip of the Santa Monica shoreline.

(Realtor.com)

The chic home was built in 1958 by prominent modernist architect Craig Ellwood , who was known for his striking, steel-and-glass designs. He’s responsible for drafting the Rand Corporation’s headquarters in Santa Monica , the arresting “bridge building” spanning an arroyo at Pasadena ’s ArtCenter College of Design, and several Case Study houses . Ellwood died in 1992 at the age of 70.

The home’s recent restoration was spearheaded by Ellwood associate James Tyler , according to the listing.

The main living area is contained in a wing that dramatically cantilevers more than 25 feet over the hillside. At night, it appears to be floating in the air—it’s what has made the Smith House famous.

Its interiors are highlighted by minimalist aesthetics and right angles, floor-to-ceiling glass walls, and a double-sided fireplace set in a brick wall that divides the hovering living room from the dining area and kitchen.

That sophisticated cook space has been refinished with a breakfast bar and top-of-the-line, stainless steel appliances set in warm-wood counters and cabinets that match the paneling in the rest of the house.

Be forewarned, though: This is not the ideal house for those suffering with vertigo. But for those who want to feel like they’re hovering over the city while watching TV, this could be the ultimate abode.

Still not sure if you want to make the full commitment? You can try before you buy. The Smith House is also available for lease, at $11,495 per month.

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Lisa Johnson Mandell is an award-winning writer who covers lifestyle, entertainment, real estate, design, and travel. Find her on AtHomeInHollywood.com

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[Molecular genetic analysis of TUB18 and TUB20 intragenic polymorphism and various mutations of the CFTR gene in the Moscow region]

• PMID: 9445824

Allelic frequencies of two intron polymorphisms in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene, TUB18 and TUB20, were estimated on chromosomes of 67 cystic fibrosis patients and on that of 37 healthy donors from Moscow and the Moscow oblast. Allele 2 of the TUB 18, and allele 1 of the TUB20 were 2.1 and 1.5 times more frequent on the non-delta F508 chromosomes of the cystic fibrosis patients than on chromosomes of healthy donors, i.e. these alleles were in linkage disequilibrium with the CFTR gene. Allele 1 of the TUB18 marker and allele 2 of the TUB20 marker demonstrated absolute linkage disequilibrium with the delta F508 mutation of the CFTR gene. The degree of association between the TUB18 and TUB20 intron polymorphisms and the GATT and T854T intragenic polymorphisms was analyzed. Of all 62 delta F508 chromosomes tested, 98.3% shared the 2-1-1-2 GATT- T854T-TUB18-TUB20 haplotype. Eight major (more frequent) GATT-T854T-TUB18-TUB20 haplotypes were found in 89.5% of normal, and in 97.9% of non-delta F508 chromosomes of cystic fibrosis patients from the Moscow region. Three of these major haplotypes, 2-1-1-2, 1-2-2-1, and 2-2-1-2, were respectively 2.5, 2, and 1.5 times more frequent on non-delta F508 cystic fibrosis chromosomes than on normal chromosomes. Data on screening for the G542X, N1303K, and 394delTT mutations of the CFTR gene, carried out on 134 chromosomes of cystic fibrosis patients from the Moscow region are presented. The frequencies of the G542X and 394delTT mutations were estimated as 1.5%, while the frequency of the N1303K mutation was 2.2%.

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• [TUB9 polymorphism in the CFTR gene of cystic fibrosis patients, carriers, and healthy donors from the Moscow region. SSCP and restriction analyses]. Amosenko FA, Trubnikova IS, Zakhar'ev VM, Bannikov VM, Sazonova MA, Petrova NV, Kapranov NI, Kaplinin VN. Amosenko FA, et al. Genetika. 1997 Feb;33(2):257-61. Genetika. 1997. PMID: 9162703 Russian.
• Intra- and extragenic marker haplotypes of CFTR mutations in cystic fibrosis families. Dörk T, Neumann T, Wulbrand U, Wulf B, Kälin N, Maass G, Krawczak M, Guillermit H, Ferec C, Horn G, et al. Dörk T, et al. Hum Genet. 1992 Feb;88(4):417-25. doi: 10.1007/BF00215676. Hum Genet. 1992. PMID: 1371263
• [Detection of delta F508 mutation in cystic fibrosis]. Fekete G, Váradi A, Pipiras E, Németh K, Réthy LA, Holics K, Ujhelyi R. Fekete G, et al. Orv Hetil. 1992 Sep 20;133(38):2423-4, 2427-30. Orv Hetil. 1992. PMID: 1408077 Review. Hungarian.
• [Cystic fibrosis: molecular genetics and new perspectives of prevention and therapy]. Garnerone S, Restagno G, Santini B, Carbonara A. Garnerone S, et al. Ann Ital Med Int. 1994 Apr-Jun;9(2):67-73. Ann Ital Med Int. 1994. PMID: 7917764 Review. Italian.
• Mitochondrial Genome Mutations Associated with Myocardial Infarction. Sazonova MA, Ryzhkova AI, Sinyov VV, Galitsyna EV, Melnichenko AA, Demakova NA, Sobenin IA, Shkurat TP, Orekhov AN. Sazonova MA, et al. Dis Markers. 2018 Feb 18;2018:9749457. doi: 10.1155/2018/9749457. eCollection 2018. Dis Markers. 2018. PMID: 29670672 Free PMC article.
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• Dataset of mitochondrial genome variants associated with asymptomatic atherosclerosis. Sazonova MA, Zhelankin AV, Barinova VA, Sinyov VV, Khasanova ZB, Postnov AY, Sobenin IA, Bobryshev YV, Orekhov AN. Sazonova MA, et al. Data Brief. 2016 Apr 29;7:1570-5. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.04.055. eCollection 2016 Jun. Data Brief. 2016. PMID: 27222855 Free PMC article.

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Potential sources of reactive gases for the West of Moscow Oblast

• November 2018
• Conference: Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XIII
• At: Berlin, Germany
• Volume: 10786

• Russian Academy of Sciences

• A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP RAS), Moscow, Russia

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The Unique Burial of a Child of Early Scythian Time at the Cemetery of Saryg-Bulun (Tuva)

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Pages:  379-406

In 1988, the Tuvan Archaeological Expedition (led by M. E. Kilunovskaya and V. A. Semenov) discovered a unique burial of the early Iron Age at Saryg-Bulun in Central Tuva. There are two burial mounds of the Aldy-Bel culture dated by 7th century BC. Within the barrows, which adjoined one another, forming a figure-of-eight, there were discovered 7 burials, from which a representative collection of artifacts was recovered. Burial 5 was the most unique, it was found in a coffin made of a larch trunk, with a tightly closed lid. Due to the preservative properties of larch and lack of air access, the coffin contained a well-preserved mummy of a child with an accompanying set of grave goods. The interred individual retained the skin on his face and had a leather headdress painted with red pigment and a coat, sewn from jerboa fur. The coat was belted with a leather belt with bronze ornaments and buckles. Besides that, a leather quiver with arrows with the shafts decorated with painted ornaments, fully preserved battle pick and a bow were buried in the coffin. Unexpectedly, the full-genomic analysis, showed that the individual was female. This fact opens a new aspect in the study of the social history of the Scythian society and perhaps brings us back to the myth of the Amazons, discussed by Herodotus. Of course, this discovery is unique in its preservation for the Scythian culture of Tuva and requires careful study and conservation.

Keywords: Tuva, Early Iron Age, early Scythian period, Aldy-Bel culture, barrow, burial in the coffin, mummy, full genome sequencing, aDNA

Information about authors: Marina Kilunovskaya (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Vladimir Semenov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Varvara Busova  (Moscow, Russian Federation).  (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Kharis Mustafin  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Technical Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Irina Alborova  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Biological Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Alina Matzvai  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected]

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