introduction to history definition issues sources and methodology pdf

Approaches to history: sources, methods and historians

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• Jeremy Black &
• Donald M. MacRaild  

Part of the book series: How to Study ((HSTLI))

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the reasons why we study the past are innumerable; the range of sources available to historians is also immense. Today, all aspects of past human society are regarded as legitimate areas for historical inquiry. Despite multifarious changes in attitude and approaches over the past 100 years, however, historians are still source-based creatures; even those most ‘modern’ in outlook seek to re-read and reinterpret sources; none would claim to do without them, although the nature of sources has changed greatly over the last century.

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© 1997 Jeremy Black and Donald M. MacRaild

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Black, J., MacRaild, D.M. (1997). Approaches to history: sources, methods and historians. In: Studying History. How to Study. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14396-2_4

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14396-2_4

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Print ISBN : 978-0-333-68795-6

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A HISTORY OF HISTORIOGRAPHY: A REVIEW AND CRITIQUE OF THE MODES OF WRITING HISTORY FROM ANTIQUITY TO CONTEMPORARY

2019, Bhuban Kumar sabar

Historiography is the art and science of writing history. For a deep understanding of history and the past, it is imperative to discover many aspects such as process, method, ideology, and intention-of history-writing of a given period. Thus, a historical trajectory of various ways of history-writing enables us to understand the past and history as textual artefacts. By examining the various historiographies of different periods of history, we can delve deep to uncover the nexus between history as the reconstruction of the past and history as it really happened. Moreover, the knowledge of various historiographical traditions can reveal the works of historians of different ages in a new perspective by penetrating many buried meanings of history and the past as well. A survey, comparison and contrastive analysis of various historiographical traditions will enrich our critical understanding of history and the past.

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Lesson 1 : Philippine History > Introduction to History:Definition, Issues, Sources and Methodology > Flashcards

Introduction to History:Definition, Issues, Sources and Methodology Flashcards

Study of the Past

“Arbiter of Facts

History –was derived from the Greek wor

Historia” which means knowledge acquired through inquiry and investigation

can also be helpful in tracing historical evolutions; past connections among different groups and flows or cultural influences by studying language and the change

2 Sources of History

Primary Source Secondary Source

are those sources produced at the same time as the event, period or subject being studied

Primary Source

re those sources which were produced by an author who used primary sources to produce the material

Secondary Source

it comprises certain techniques and rules that historians follow in order to properly utilize sources and historical evidences in writing history

Historical Methodology

All this questions it can be answered by

Historiography

What is Historiograp

Historiography is usually the History of History.

Narrator, representation of the past through historical sources and evidences

Is a person of his own who influence by his own context, environment, ideology and education.4.Used methodology and relevant facts

Seek historical evidences and facts, Interpret those facts

Historian Job

to give meaning to those facts and organize them into a timeline, establish causes and write history

s the practice of verifying the authenticity of evidence by examining its physical characteristics, consistencies with the historical characteristics of times when it was produced, and the material used for evidence

External Criticism

is the examination of the truthfulness of evidence. It looks at the content of the sources and examines the circumstance of its production

Internal criticism

is to organize the past that is being created so that it can offer lessons for nations, societies and civilization

Task of the historian

o seek for the meaning of recovering the past to let the people see the continuing relevance of provenance, memory, remembering and historical understanding for both the present and the future events

his school of thought requires empirical and observable evidence before one can claim that a particular knowledge is true. ✓Discipline in History “No document-No History”

it tells the history of their nation that will highlight their identity free from that of colonial discourse and knowledge.✓Is to criticize the methods, effects and idea of colonialism

Post Colonialism

s a school of history born in France that challenge the canons of history. ✓This School of thought did a way with common historical subjects that were almost always related to the conduct of states and monarchs.

Annales School of History

ndicates a high amount of moisture or vapor in the air which directly affects the temperature

what is happening in the atmosphere on a given day, in a specific place. Local forecasts include temperature, humidity, winds, cloudiness, and prospects for storms or other changes over the next few days

is the average of these weather ingredients over many years.

Classification of soils

soil which produces agricultural products such as abaka, coconut, corn, and tobacco.✓Shale and Sandstone-good for products like sugarcane, tobacco, corn, rice and coconut, however, the harvest is of lower amounts compared to products from alluvial soils

good for products like sugarcane, tobacco, corn, rice and coconut, however, the harvest is of lower amounts compared to products from alluvial soils

Shale and Sandstone

which is conducive for agricultural products such as corn, citrus, cassava, and banana and is also best for grazing of animals due to its abundance of grass.

which is found in areas where past volcanic eruptions occurred and is used for citrus and other upland crops in Cavite, Batangas, and Laguna, while in Bicol, the soil is suited for Abakaand in Negros, the soiled is suited for sugarcane

Volcanic soil

soil is generally found in Negros Occidental and is used for sugarcane plantations

Andesite and Basalt

kind of soil where trees are found, such as ipil, dao, molave, yakaland narra, which are used for industrial, commercial and residential purposes

Mountain soil-

The Country has many seas, rivers, lakes, bays and straits, resulting to an active fishing industry that has been a source of livelihood for many Filipinos

Water Resources

Two kinds of Fishing industry in the country

Genetic Industry

Extractive industry

covers fish reproduction, fish culture, and fishpond.

covers direct fishing in shallow, high seas and in coral areas.

Origins of the Philippine Archipelago•Theories that explain how the Philippine archipelago was created.

Volcanism Diastrophism Gradation Land Bridge

Give 10 character of Filipino

Hardworking and Industrious ,

Brave, nationalistic and freedom loving , Joy and Humor- , Ability to Survive

t was during the Sung dynasty when Chinese goods started to spread through the use of Chinese Vessel

Chinese in the Philippines

Their culture influenced other parts of Asia through the “Indianized” immigrants and traders from Indochina, Siam, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and other islands of Indonesia

Indian presence in the Philippines

The expansion of Indian Culture overseas actually started during

the Srivajayaand Majapahitempires from 9th –10th Century.

Their travels to the Philippines mostly compromised of barter trade of minerals such as gold and pearls

Japanese presence in the Philippines

luzon by Japanese

They intermarried with the daughters of native chiefs to gain trading advantage, thereby raising small families of Islam believers.

Arabian presence in the Philippines

respected title of a chieftain’s daughter.

Raja Baguindafrom Sumatra arrived in

Muslim wrote their leaders’ history and their respective reign and genealogy in what the called

Tarsilasand Khutabs

First and Last Sultan in Mindanao

frist . Sharif Muhammad Kabungsuan

second , Sultan Manggigin.

who began his reign in the year 1896 and ended in 1906.

Sultan Manggigin

Lesson 1 : Philippine History (2 decks)

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Introduction to History: Definitions, Issues, Sources, and Methodology

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Questions and Answers

What is the origin of the word 'history'.

• Derived from the Latin word 'Historia'
• Derived from the German word 'Geschichte'
• Derived from the Greek word 'HISTORIA' (correct)
• Derived from the French word 'Histoire'

How long has history as a discipline existed?

• 1,000 years
• 3,600 years
• 2,400 years (correct)

What is one source of history beyond written documents?

• Scientific experiments
• Oral traditions (correct)
• Video games
• Social media posts

What does the phrase 'No documents, no history' imply?

<p>Written documents are essential for historical facts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which individuals were considered important subjects for historians to write about historically?

<p>Monarchs, heroes, saints, and nobilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What methods did historians start using due to the limitation of written documents?

<p>Epics and songs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the historian's role according to the text?

<p>To interpret historical facts and organize them</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a historian's subjectivity influence historical research?

<p>It affects the process of historical research</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does historical research require rigor according to the text?

<p>To ensure accuracy and reliability of findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes the study of history remain scientific?

<p>The rigor of research and methodology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is historical methodology primarily focused on?

<p>Following techniques and rules to utilize sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Historiography?

<p>Studying history itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Historiography important according to the text?

<p>To help students be critical of presented lessons</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can history be used as a tool by states, according to the text?

<p>To inspire a sense of collective identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What accusation does history often face according to the text?

<p>History is always written by victors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can an objective historical truth be achieved according to the text?

<p>No, due to the inherent bias of historians</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Jose Rizal writing history for according to the text?

<p>Spaniards</p> Signup and view all the answers

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History: Definition and Study

The Repositories of Historical Sources in History

Module 1: Introduction to History

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