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Electrical and electronic engineering articles from across Nature Portfolio
Electrical and electronic engineering is the branch of engineering that makes use of electricity. Electrical engineering concentrates on systems for generating and transmitting large electrical currents and converting them into other forms of energy, such as mechanical motion. Electronic engineering focusses on lower energy currents for processing and communicating information.
Hardware accelerators based on nanotube transistors
High-purity carbon nanotubes can be used to create a tensor processing unit that has 3,000 transistors and a systolic array architecture.
- Kaixiang Kang
- Jianwen Zhao
Free-standing printed electronics with direct ink writing
A direct ink-writing technique that relies on tension in the nozzle can be used to print free-standing metal structures with aspect ratios of up to 750:1.
Sensitive spin-rectifier-based rectenna and on-chip array for wireless energy harvesting
Designing a rectifier for harvesting low ambient radiofrequency energy and converting it into useful d.c. power is challenging. Now, a spin-rectifier-based rectenna and a spin-rectifier array with on-chip coplanar waveguides are designed for harvesting ambient radiofrequency signals with good sensitivity and efficiency.
Latest Research and Reviews
A tactile oral pad based on carbon nanotubes for multimodal haptic interaction
A tactile oral pad made from a carbon nanotube and silicone composite that can be controlled by teeth and tongue movements can be used for typing, gaming and wheelchair navigation.
- Dingzhu Yang
- Xiaogang Liu
Memristors on ‘edge of chaos’
This Review resolves the age-old problems of Galvani’s irritability, the Hodgkin–Huxley ‘all-or-none’ mystery, the Turing instability and the Smale paradox, by applying the findings in 2023 that memristors operating on the ‘edge of chaos’ can model the nonlinear dynamics of these problems, complementing the second law of thermodynamics.
- Leon O. Chua
PCB plug-in solder joint defect detection method based on coordinated attention-guided information fusion
- Wenbin Chen
- Hongchao Zhao
Smart customer service in unmanned retail store enhanced by large language model
- Dengchao Feng
Finite control set model predictive current control for three phase grid connected inverter with common mode voltage suppression
- Ali Bebboukha
- Redha Meneceur
- Mohit Bajaj
New control model for autonomous vehicles using integration of Model Predictive and Stanley based controllers
- Mustafa Hamid Al-Jumaili
- Yasa Ekşioğlu Özok
News and Comment
A probe that measures more neurons across the brain
- Katharina Zeissler
Organic photodetectors that work underwater
- Matthew Parker
Lynn Conway (1938–2024)
Computer engineer and transgender advocate who shaped the way VLSI systems are designed.
- Kenneth Shepard
Towards transparent superconductor electronics
Further progress in quantum technologies will require the hybridization of superconducting and photonic platforms. Transparent superconducting oxides would be an ideal solution to avoid substantial losses caused by photon absorption of the superconducting components. Here we present design principles for such materials and discuss the foreseeable prospects of transparent superconductor electronics.
- Mikhail Belogolovskii
Priorities for net-zero web services
The complexity of the infrastructure underpinning the modern Internet has led to a lack of clarity on how to measure the energy consumption of web services and achieve sustainable web design. It is now crucial to redirect sustainability efforts in the sector towards more effective interventions.
- Mohit Arora
- Iain McClenaghan
- Lydia Wozniak
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Recent Trends in Electronics and Communication
Select Proceedings of VCAS 2020
- Conference proceedings
- © 2022
- Amit Dhawan 0 ,
- Vijay Shanker Tripathi 1 ,
- Karm Veer Arya 2 ,
- Kshirasagar Naik 3
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
You can also search for this editor in PubMed Google Scholar
Department of Information and Communication Technology, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior, India
Department of electrical and computer engineering, university of waterloo, waterloo, canada.
Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering (LNEE, volume 777)
Included in the following conference series:
- VCAS: International Conference on VLSI, Communication and Signal processing
Conference proceedings info: VCAS 2020.
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About this book
This book comprises select proceedings of the International Conference on VLSI, Communication and Signal processing (VCAS 2020). The contents are broadly divided into three topics – VLSI, Communication, and Signal Processing. The book focuses on the latest innovations, trends, and challenges encountered in the different areas of electronics and communication, especially in the area of microelectronics and VLSI design, communication systems and networks, and image and signal processing. It also offers potential solutions and provides an insight into various emerging areas such as Internet of Things (IoT), System on a Chip (SoC), Sensor Networks, underwater and underground communication networks etc. This book will be useful for academicians and professionals alike.
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Introduction
Wireless Sensing Systems: A Review
- Analog, Digital and Mixed Signal Design
- Device Modelling and Process Simulation
- Communication Theory and Applications
- Optical Networks and Systems
- RF and Microwave Engineering
- Antenna Design and MIMO Systems
- Algorithms and Techniques for 5G and beyond
- IoT and Sensor Networks
- Signal Processing: Theory, Methods, and Applications
- Signal Processing Systems and Architectures
- Image, Video, and Multimedia Signal processing
Table of contents (108 papers)
Front matter, design and comparison of low-power, high-speed t flip flop, and 4-bit asynchronous counter using various design techniques.
- Sunny Mavani, Anuja Askhedkar
Performance Evaluation of Bimetallic Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Ti3C2Tx (MXene)
- Rajeev Kumar, Sarika Pal, Narendra Pal, J. P. Saini, Y. K. Prajapati
Optimized FPGA Implementation of 64-Point FFT Using Folding Transformation
- Nafzia, L. Lijesh
Optimization of Antenna Parameters Using Neural Network Technique for Terahertz Band Applications
- Anurag K. Kumar, Medhavi Kirti, Shuchishmita Pani, Sanjeev Saxena
BE-Sync: A Bandwidth Efficient Time Synchronization for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
- Amrita Datta, Mou Dasgupta
An Analysis of Analog Performance for High- K Gate Stack Dielectric Pocket Double-Gate-All-Around (DP-DGAA) MOSFET
- Vaibhav Purwar, Rajeev Gupta, Nitish Kumar, Himanshi Awasthi, Rakesh Kumar Pandey
Novel Design of Cylindrical DRA Built MIMO Antenna for 5G Future Prospective Covering (n78/n79) Bands
- Ajay Kumar Dwivedi, Anand Sharma, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Vivek Singh
Investigation of Analog Performance of In0.53Ga0.47As-Based Nanotube Double-Gate-All-Around (DGAA) MOSFET
- Nitish Kumar, Himanshi Awasthi, Vaibhav Purwar, Abhinav Gupta, Sanjeev Rai
Integrated Clock Gating Analysis of TG Based D Flip-Flop for Different Technology Nodes
- Sunita Panda, Samiksha Sharma, Abhijit R. Asati
Design of Ku Band HEMT-Based Class AB Amplifier
- Manoj Kumar, Sukwinder Singh, Deepti Kakkar
X Band Class F Power Amplifier for Satellite Communication
- Akash Gaikwad, Sukwinder Singh
Investigation of GNR Based Meta-Material Antenna for Single and Dual Band THz Applications
- Ritesh Kumar Kushwaha, P. Karuppanan, Nand Kishore
Comparative Study of Silicon and In0.53Ga0.47As-Based Gate-All-Around (GAA) MOSFETs
- Himanshi Awasthi, Nitish Kumar, Vaibhav Purwar, Abhinav Gupta, Vikrant Varshney, Sanjeev Rai
A Simple and Sturdy Hybrid Interference Canceller for a DS-CDMA System in Multipath Environment for Static and Mobile Users
- Monica Khanore, Srija Unnikrishnan
Performance Evaluation of SPR Sensor on Using Graphene/TMDCs in Visible and Near Infrared Wavelength Regime
- Vipin Verma, Sarika Pal, Narendra Pal, Dharmendra Kumar
Integration of Mobile and Web Application with Accident Detection System
- Meet Panchani, Kashyap Gohil, Devansh Saksena, Yash Panwar, Naja Makwana, Rutu Parekh
Design and Analysis of Multiplexer Based D-Flip Flop Using QCA Implementation
- Allam Naveen, C. V. Priyanka, R. K. Kavitha
A Novel High-Throughput Medium Access Control Protocol for Concurrent Transmissions in Internet of Things
- Shubham Gupta, Arun Kumar Khosla, Pawan Kumar Verma, Rajesh Verma
A Comparative Investigation of SiGe Junctionless Triple Gate (JLTG) and Junctionless Gate-All-Around (JL-GAA) MOSFET
- Abhinav Gupta, Vikrant Varshney, Adarsh Vishwakarma, Arunabh Kishore, Atul Pal, Piyush Mishra et al.
Other volumes
Editors and affiliations.
Amit Dhawan, Vijay Shanker Tripathi
Karm Veer Arya
Kshirasagar Naik
About the editors
Dr. Amit Dhawan received his Bachelors in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India; his Masters (Control & Instrumentation) and Ph. D. (Electronics and Communication Engineering) from Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT) Allahabad, Prayagraj, India. He joined MNNIT Allahabad, Prayagraj, India, as lecturer in 1991, and became an Assistant Professor in 2001, Associate Professor in 2006 and Professor in 2012. At present, he is Professor and Head in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MNNIT Allahabad, Prayagraj, India. His current research interests include digital signal processing, robust stability, guaranteed cost control, delayed systems and multidimensional systems. He has published many articles in SCI journals and conference proceedings. He has also served as reviewer for many international journals and conferences. His biography was listed in Marquis´s Who´s Who inthe World, USA.
Dr. Vijay Shanker Tripathi has received his B.Tech. from J. K. Institute of Applied Physics and Technology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India, in 1988. He did his M.Tech and Ph.D. from Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT) Allahabad, Prayagraj, India in 1999 and 2007, respectively. At present he is a Professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at MNNIT Allahabad, Prayagraj, India. He has published more than 60 research papers in reputed refereed international journals as well as in international conferences. He has guided more than 05 Ph.D scholars and more than 15 M.Tech scholars. His area of specialization includes RF circuits and systems, antenna, SDR, non-invasive RF sensors.
Dr. Karm Veer Arya has received his B.Sc. from Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India, in 1986. He did his M.E. and Ph.D. from IISc Bangalore, India, and IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, India in 1991 and 2007, respectively. He is currently working as a Professor at ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior, India. He has published more than 150 research papers in reputed refereed international journals as well as in international conferences. He has supervised 11 Ph.D. scholars and 92 Masters' students. Dr. Arya has successfully completed many funded R&D projects. His research interest includes image processing, biometrics, and information security.
Dr. Kshirasagar Naik received his B.Sc (Engg.) and M.Tech degrees from Sambalpur University, India, and the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India, respectively. He received an M. Math degree in computer science from the University of Waterloo and a Ph.D. degree in electrical and computer engineering from Concordia University, Montreal. He worked as a software developer for three years in Wipro, Bangalore– now one of the largest software consultancy companies in the world. Later, he worked as a faculty member at the University of Aizu in Japan and Carleton University in Canada. At present he is a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Waterloo. He was a visiting Professor at the Research Institute of Electrical Communications at Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, during May-November 2003. His research interests include energy performance of mobile devices and applications, detection of anomalous behavior of wireless devices and physical systems, energy harvesting IoT (Internet of Things) devices for sustainable monitoring of physical systems, and communication security, and wireless sensor networks. Designing mathematical models and building prototype sensor networks for performing real-life, controlled experiments lie at the core of his research. He has served on the editorial boards of many journals, including: Journal of Peer-to-Peernetworking and Applications, International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, Journal of Circuits, Systems, and Computers, and IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems. He was a co-guest editor of four special issues of IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications and IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing. He is a co-author of two widely used textbooks, namely, Software Testing and Quality Assurance: Theory and Practice (Wiley, 2008) and Software Evolution and Maintenance: A Practitioner’s Approach (Wiley, 2014).
Bibliographic Information
Book Title : Recent Trends in Electronics and Communication
Book Subtitle : Select Proceedings of VCAS 2020
Editors : Amit Dhawan, Vijay Shanker Tripathi, Karm Veer Arya, Kshirasagar Naik
Series Title : Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2761-3
Publisher : Springer Singapore
eBook Packages : Engineering , Engineering (R0)
Copyright Information : The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022
Hardcover ISBN : 978-981-16-2760-6 Published: 19 May 2024
Softcover ISBN : 978-981-16-2763-7 Due: 02 June 2025
eBook ISBN : 978-981-16-2761-3 Published: 13 December 2021
Series ISSN : 1876-1100
Series E-ISSN : 1876-1119
Edition Number : 1
Number of Pages : XVI, 1273
Number of Illustrations : 254 b/w illustrations, 651 illustrations in colour
Topics : Electrical Engineering , Communications Engineering, Networks , Signal, Image and Speech Processing , Microwaves, RF and Optical Engineering
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Hardware That Protects Against Software Attacks
ECE's Ed Suh and Zhiru Zhang and CS's Andrew C. Myers aim to develop both hardware architecture and design tools to provide comprehensive and provable security assurance for future computing systems against software-level attacks that exploit seven common vulnerability classes.
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Re-architecting Next-Gen Computing Systems
Disaggregated architectures have the potential to increase resource capacity by 10 to 100 times server-centric architectures.
Re-imagining Computer System Memories
Interdisciplinary team will provide new insights and an entirely new paradigm for the semiconductor industry in the emerging era of big data.
Engineers to hack 50-year-old computing problem with new center
Cornell engineers are part of a national effort to reinvent computing by developing new solutions to the “von Neumann bottleneck,” a feature-turned-problem that is almost as old as the modern computer itself.
The Laboratory of Plasma Studies: Uncovering mysteries of high energy density plasma physics
In the basement of Grumman Hall, an x-ray pulse produced by a hot, dense plasma – an ionized gas – lasting only fractions of a microsecond both begins and ends an experiment. Hidden within that fraction of time lies a piece of a puzzle—data that graduate students and staff scientists at the Laboratory of Plasma Studies (LPS) will use to better understand the mysterious physics behind inertial confinement fusion.
Sophia Rocco: Hoping to make the world a better place through a potential renewable energy source
When she was looking at graduate schools, physics major Sophia Rocco thought she would be in a materials science program bridging her interests in electricity and magnetism and novel materials for solar cells. Chancing upon the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Cornell, she discovered the Laboratory of Plasma Studies (LPS).
Finding the Ultimate Energy Source: Cornell’s Lab of Plasma Studies
Plasma is one of the four fundamental states of matter, but it does not exist freely on the Earth’s surface. It must be artificially generated by heating or subjecting a neutral gas to a strong electromagnetic field. Located in the basement of Grumman Hall are two large pulse-power generators that create plasma by delivering extremely high currents to ordinary matter for short periods. These generators are part of the Lab of Plasma Studies at Cornell University.
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Vertical gallium oxide transistor high in power, efficiency
The research group led by Grace Xing and Debdeep Jena presented research on a new gallium oxide field-effect transistor at a conference at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology May 29-June 1.
Molnar, Jena and Xing join national consortium to develop future cellular infrastructure
Three Cornell faculty will be part of the newly established $27.5 million ComSenTer, a center for converged terahertz communications and sensing.
Data on the Brain
The NSF has found a willing partner at Cornell University in this quest to create technologies that will allow researchers to image the brain and the nervous system.
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178 Communication Research Topics For Your Paper
Imagine what the world would be without communication! How would we get along? I guess there would be no sense in existing after all. That is just a tiny snippet of how important communication is in everyday life. Exchanging information is a key component of coexistence as it creates order and a sense of satisfaction in the end.
However, communication as a discipline cuts across all other niches in the academic world. Students from an Engineering course would also take up communication as a unit of study. Students delve into the transmission, representation, reception, and decoding of information communicated to a greater extent.
Situations When You May Need To Write A Communication Paper
Various scenarios call for a communication paper either as an assignment or a research project in college. The communication papers needed for every situation vary in format and outline. Here are some of the cases when communication papers are necessary:
When writing a resume or cover letter In presentations and reports Internal or external communication in a company Writing a thesis statement
When writing communication papers in these different scenarios, students can develop the following aspects:
Understand the various communication phenomena Ability to direct communication messages towards accomplishing individual and organizational goals Understand various types of communication such as rhetoric, interpersonal or organizational
Such an assignment is peculiar because it deals with students’ communication processes. Therefore, the student can easily relate a communication assignment to the real-world environment.
You will have to conduct extensive digging before writing your paper like any other research project. In writing a communication research paper, you will benefit from the importance of communication in general, such as building better relationships and finding the right solutions to various problems.
It takes a lot of time to create a high-quality writing, so you have all the right to ask dissertation writers for hire to help.
Guidelines On Structure And Step By Step Tips On Writing
To have an award-winning communication paper, you need to understand that structure is always at the heart of it all. A great communication paper follows the structure below:
Solid intro : Begin by presenting a captivating introduction by highlighting the facts, questions, or problems that you will explore in the body. The reader should find more than a million reasons to proceed with your essay by reading the first two lines. A strong thesis statement is also necessary for the introduction. An insightful literature review : It shows the theoretical basis of your research project, thus giving it validity. An in-depth literature review will give room for exploration and further research. Main body : This is where we expect to find all your findings, methodological steps, concepts, analyses, and the outcome. Discussion and conclusion : Depending on your professor’s instructions, you can divide this into two parts or put it as one. In either case, this section will consist of the strengths and weaknesses of your research and any future development or improvements. You could also compare the results found in your research with what other authors have discovered.
Provided you have all your facts at hand, a communication research paper will be the easiest you will ever handle in college. Nonetheless, you can order a custom paper from various online writing experts.
If you want to make an impression with your communication research paper, here are some tips to consider:
Select a thought-provoking and captivating research topic Have a working outline with all the arguments and examples/evidence in place Ensure that you exhaust reading all the possible research materials on your topic Such papers are always in the first person except in unique cases
You can review some of the samples on our essay writer to familiarize yourself with the structure and outline of a communication research paper.
Let’s now explore 178 of the hottest communication research topics to ace your project:
Top Interpersonal Communication Research Topics
- Evaluate the different relational patterns of interaction theory
- How to achieve coordinated management of meaning
- Discuss the fundamentals of pedagogical communication
- How does technology relate to interpersonal communication?
- Key constructs of openness and closeness
- Establishing identities in the identity management theory
- Evaluate the contribution of interpersonal communication scholars
- How mental representations influence how people interpret information
- Conceptualizing the process of social interaction
- Discuss the various behavioral interaction patterns among siblings
- Why do individuals modify their communicative behavior?
- Describe why new environments present a challenge for most people to communicate effectively
- The role of eye contact and gestures in interpersonal communication
- Varying effects of nonverbal and verbal acts of interpersonal communication
- Effects of different cultures on interpersonal communication strategies
World-Class Communication Research Topics For College Students
- Understanding the historical research methods in communication
- Discuss the relationship between technology, media, and culture
- Evaluate the various revolutions in human communication
- Discuss the developments made in the invention of human speech and language
- The role of image-making, cinema, and media entertainment in communication
- How to overcome communication barriers among students
- Steps in encouraging participation in meetings
- How employees contribute to the information flow in organizations
- How to evaluate a report based on its findings
- Sources of error during nonverbal communication
- How the media can match the channels of communication to their audience
- Ensuring audience attention during a presentation
- The impact of graphics in communication strategies
- How to interpret non-verbal signals
- Developing communication methods that match a given purpose
Possible Topics For Communication Research
- How to develop realistic communication strategies
- Discuss the economics of finance in communication processes
- How exposure to radio and TV impacts communication
- How to manage controversial issues in communication
- Why speaking with confidence is still difficult for many people
- The effectiveness of communicating with words and body language
- Why defining your purpose is key in any communication process
- Why explanatory communication is more difficult than informative communication
- The place of communication in long-distance relationships
- Communication strategies that influence people
- How to use communication effectively for conflict resolution
- Developing your self-esteem for effective communication
- Effects of redundancy in communication processes
- The place of responsibility in developing communication messages
- How to acquire effective communication skills in college
Latest Communication Topic For Research
- The role of persuasive dialogue in negotiations
- Why everyone must learn proper expression strategies
- Effects of emoji and other characters in enhancing textual conversations
- The role of propaganda in shaping communication tones
- Evaluate the unique political language used in America versus Africa
- The continuing impact of the internet on interpersonal communication
- How images are enhancing communication
- Discuss the effects of gender victimization on communication
- Evaluate the development of modern digital communication
- How to effectively communicate during a war or crisis
- How hacking is transforming communication of encrypted messages
- Effects of stereotyping in developing communication messages
- Is virtual reality ruining effective communication?
- Evaluate language as a barrier in communicating messages
- The role of empathy in communicating to victims of a disaster
Top-Notch Communication Research Paper Topics
- The role of diplomacy in fostering better relations among countries
- Why aided communication may not achieve the intended purpose
- Effects of using a translator in the communication of critical messages
- Evaluate the development of audio-visual devices for communication
- The dangers of failing to notice barriers to communication
- How stigma and prejudice impact effective communication
- Discuss the impact of having a common language in a country
- How social classes affect communication messages
- Factors that hinder communication between fighting political sides
- How to develop strong communication skills in a marketplace
- Why opinions may prevent one from seeing the true picture
- Discuss the role of fantasy and exaggeration in communication
- Differences between oral and verbal messages in conveying information
- The role of attitude and mood in enhancing effective message delivery
- How the media sets the communication pattern of a given society
Highly Rated Mass Communication Research Topics
- Discuss the essence of social media among PR practitioners
- The role of mass media in rebranding a nation
- Challenges to media freedom and their impact on proper communication
- Discuss the effects of news commercialization and their credibility
- How TV advertisements impact children and their development
- Compare and contrast between animation and real-people adverts in mass media
- How the internet affects professionalization in news media
- How mass media messages contribute to the development of religion in Africa
- Evaluate the radio listenership patterns between men and women
- How does mass media contribute to an emerging democracy
- Discuss how the media enlightens the public on issues of concern
- The role of mass media in communicating development messages
- Why mass media is critical before, during, and after elections
- Assess the influence of community radio in remote areas
- How mass media contributes to national integration
Good Communication Research Topics
- What determines consumer preference patterns in the 21 st century?
- Effective communication strategies for creating awareness against drug abuse
- Prospects and challenges of local dialects in communication
- Evaluate the influence of television on public opinion
- Discuss the growing cyberactivism in the digital age
- How social media is contributing to misleading information
- Challenges facing teachers when communicating to pre-school students
- Discuss the impact of information overload on the credibility of information
- Evaluate communication patterns among the youth in the US
- Assess the effects of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on communication patterns
- How public perception influences communication strategies
- Explain how mothers learn to communicate with and understand their babies at such a tender age
- The role of music in shaping communication models
- How to overcome the challenge of top-down communication in companies
- Management of information on online media for effective use
Business Communication Research Paper Topics
- Discuss the increasing role of influencers on brand marketing
- Why company blogs are essential in attracting new clients
- Evaluate the differences between face to face and virtual business meetings
- The growing popularity of social media in business marketing
- Why every company should have a partner relations department
- Dealing with complaints in a relaxed and useful manner
- Why online project management is the future of business
- Discuss why it is necessary to have company retreats
- Explore the role of digital document sharing in speeding up business communication
- Effects of relying on online communication at the expense of physical meetings
- The role of effective business management in the performance of an organization
- How staff motivation improve the overall working environment
- Discuss the place of corporate social responsibility in a company
- Effective ways of handling crisis in a large company
- Explain why trust is important in any business partnerships
Intercultural Communication Research Topics
- Discuss how Muslims interact with Christians at a social level
- Evaluate the reception of instructions from a man to a woman
- How Americans interact with Africans at the basic level
- Discuss how an American Democrat would associate with a Chinese politician
- Discuss the impact of marginalization in developing communication messages
- How migration and immigration affect communication patterns
- Effects of social stereotyping in communication
- How do Western communication models differ from those of Africa?
- Impact of discriminatory communication messages
- How to organize an effective intergroup come-together
- How the media represents various groups in its communication
- Effects of the growing intercultural norms
- The role of language attitudes in inhibiting effective communication
- Evaluate how ethnographic perspectives affect communication messages
- Why it is difficult to solve intercultural conflicts
Additional Interpersonal Communication Topics For Research Paper
- The role of interpersonal communication in team member satisfaction
- How collaboration and teamwork enhances business success
- Discuss how interpersonal communication enhances problem-solving skills
- The role of trust in interpersonal communication
- Effects of confusion, negativity, and conflicts on interpersonal communication
- How to deal with workplace miscommunication effectively
- The role of personalizing information
- How to improve internal communication channels in a company
- Discuss the role of interests in communication patterns
- Challenges when implementing modern communication solutions
- Evaluate how jargon and inattention make internal communication difficult
- The role of feedback in interpreting messages correctly
- Discuss the influence of environmental factors in communication
- Why miscommunication may result in a disconnect among a group of people
- Discuss the role of skills and knowledge in effective communication among leaders
Interesting Communication Research Topics
- How can effective interpersonal communication be a catalyst for action
- Why a focused and intentional approach is necessary for effective communication
- Discuss why online dating is not successful in most cases
- Evaluate the role of non-verbal communication and customer satisfaction
- Why is it important to have a list of communication networks?
- Effects of lack of personal contact when it comes to communication
- Discuss the various forms of human interactions and their influence on communication
- The role of clear communication during an organizational change process
- Why online communication is not as effective as physical meetings
- Evaluate the roles and issues involved in a nurse-patient communication
- The role of TV shows in determining how people relate to each other in the society
- Effects of the digital divide in communication paradigms
- The relationship between quality leadership and effective communication
- Why is email still not yet an effective communication medium?
- Effects of integrating marketing communication
General Communication Studies Research Topics
- Discuss the differences in body language between male and female
- The role of communication in familiarizing with someone
- How online gaming communication affects one’s interpersonal communication
- Why a leader without proper communication skills may not succeed
- The role of communication in achieving an organization’s vision
- How mobile phone conversations are turning around interpersonal communication
- Discuss the role of different personality types in communication
- Is there a difference between language and communication?
- Discuss how communication in the military is different from that in a normal setting
- Compare and contrast between written and spoken forms of communication
- Why family communication is critical for a peaceful coexistence
- Shortcomings to understanding foreign languages
- Discuss the effectiveness of web-based communication
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Research in ECE
People Powering Innovation
Applied Electromagnetics & RF Circuits
Applied electromagnetics plays an essential role in areas such as wireless technologies, the environment, life sciences, transportation, and more.
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Computer Vision
Our faculty are exploring a number of critical problems in the area of computer vision, with a focus on the analysis and modeling of visual scenes from static images as well as video sequences.
Control Systems
Applications for control include such areas as cyber-physical systems, biological systems, networks, production lines, and biped locomotion.
Embedded Systems
The market is booming for embedded systems such as computers in vehicles, wireless sensors, medical devices, wearable fitness devices, and smartphones.
ECE Education Research
Scholars focus on and apply research methods from education, learning sciences, and social-behavioral sciences to advance the success of engineering.
Integrated Circuits & VLSI
Specialties include analog circuits, data converters, digital circuits, energy harvesting, hardware DSP implementation, low power circuits, RF circuits, and sensing systems.
MEMS & Microsystems
This research area encompasses projects on a variety of micromachined sensors and actuators and on integrated microsystems that combine these components.
Network, Communication, and Information Systems
Communications research at U-M is investigating the fundamental limits of performance possible in communication systems and communication networks and the practical methods of achieving close to the fundamental limits.
Optics & Photonics
The Optics and Photonics laboratories conduct research in the general areas of photonics, quantum optoelectronics, and ultrafast optical science.
Plasma Science and Engineering
Investigating fundamental transport and reaction chemistry of partially ionized gases and their application to technologies ranging from lighting sources, lasers, and sensors to materials processing, biotechnology, microelectronics fabrication, and space sciences.
Power & Energy
Energy is one of the most crucial aspects to our world today. From climate change to environmental justice to security and health, power and energy plays a major role in shaping the future.
Quantum Science & Technology
Quantum science and devices is a research area that is developing new concepts and hardware for information processing and communications using theoretical computer science, atomic physics and optics.
Robotics & Autonomous Systems
We work to improve the information gathering, computing, and decision making platforms to mobilize fully autonomous robots and systems.
Signal & Image Processing and Machine Learning
Our research is developing new models, methods, and technologies that will continue to impact diagnostic and therapeutic medicine, radar imaging, sensor networking, image compression, communications, and other areas.
Solid-State Devices & Nanotechnology
Research projects in the Solid-State area cover a wide variety of topics from integrated photonics and optoelectronics to semiconductor materials to high-frequency devices and integrated circuits to nanoscience and the development of nanotechnogies.
Technology and Communication Research Paper Topics
- Archiving of Internet Content
- Code as Law
- Communication Infrastructure
- Communication Technology and Democracy
- Communication Technology Standards
- Crime and Communication Technology
- Development of Information and Communication Technology
- Digital Divide
- Digitization and Media Convergence
- Domain Names
- Domestication of Technology
- Economics of Technology
- E-Government
- Human–Computer Interaction
- Information and Communication
- Information Literacy
- Information Overload
- Information Society
- Internet Ratings Systems
- Internet Research Ethics
- Language and the Internet
- Link Analysis
- Log-File Analysis
- Network Organizations through Communication Technology
- Online Media
- Open Access Journals
- Open Source
- P2P Networking
- Personal Communication by CMC
- Personal Publishing
- Search Engines
- Sex and Pornography Online
- Social Construction of Technology
- Technology and Globalization
- Technology as Fashion
- Technology Assessment
- Technology for Mobility
- Technology of Internet
- Terrorism and Communication Technologies
- Ubiquitous Computing
- Virtual Communities
Endogenous and Exogenous Perspective
ICT innovation can be treated conceptually as either exogenous or endogenous to a social system. The exogenous perspective treats ICTs as if they are objects isolated from the social, political, and economic environment in which they are produced and consumed. If it is technology that is the determining factor in social organization, then what is left for the researcher is an observer role. The exogenous perspective emphasizes the efficiency and rationality of an autonomous technological system where there is little room for human agency.
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In contrast, from an endogenous perspective, research focuses on the way ICTs become woven into the fabric of life – in terms of morality, the economy, culture, or the political world and on the specific, material conditions under which technology is produced and consumed. Technology is regarded as part of the social fabric where actors sanction certain forms of change and not others. Power is understood to be located in the interwoven alignment of state (administrative and military), private capital, and civil society interests. In this view, the emphasis is on the way technology mediates human relationships and on the constraints that distort benefits that might otherwise accrue to those who are not at the center of economic and political power (Curran et al. 2012; Mansell 2012; Silverstone 2007).
Among the many strands of research in this context are studies of the political implications of the information society for democracy and participation in public debate and in electoral processes and whether a right to communicate should be enshrined in international law (Jørgensen 2013). Within sociology, research on the domestication of technologies (Hartmann 2013) has helped to reveal that ICT artifacts are not prefigured by technology designers for their users, and that older and newer media and ICTs are appropriated in unpredictable ways depending on the cultural specificities of their use. Economic analysis tends to focus on the diffusion of ICTs and the implications for productivity in the economy since these technologies are classed as general-purpose technologies and associated with major transformations when they become widely dispersed across all ICT-using sectors of the economy (Freeman 2007).
Research Topics
The disruptive characteristics of innovations in ICTs have given rise to many debates about their positive or negative implications for the global order, with research emphasizing links between local and distant places and the sometimes unifying, and at other times fragmenting, consequences. There is no stable definition but the term virtual community generally applies to online interactions that give rise to new forms of relationships and new organizational forms. Research focuses on the network relations among activists, bloggers, scientists and many other communities of users of social media. The digital platforms that support these communicative activities are increasingly being used by researchers to map the architecture of networks and social relations with a focus on the directionality of communication, synchronicity, content modularity, interactivity, personalization, and meaning construction. Research on issues of information control, privacy, and security raised by user-generated content, the co-creation of content, and interactive Web 2.0 applications is beginning to tackle the implications of ‘big data’ analytics which uses web-harvesting, ratings systems, and identity profiling to support corporate and state information collection and processing activities (Mayer- Schönberger & Cukier 2013). Digital means of interacting online support the networking activities of individuals and of networked organizations which enable virtual teamworking and outsourcing, raising questions about the ownership of creative capabilities, privacy, and trust, whether the public can have confidence in the digital services provided by governments, and whether new forms of interaction are consistent with democratic practice.
When the diffusion of ICTs is uneven, or where the distribution of the gains as a result of investing in them is uneven, this is referred to as a digital divide. For some it is an article of faith that ICTs hold the solutions to economic, political, and cultural problems, while others argue that digital divides mean that it is unlikely that these technologies will alleviate deeply rooted social and economic problems. This concept has been criticized for its oversimplification of the factors that give rise to inequality and research focusing on digital literacies (including information literacy or media literacy) and cultural differences have yielded insight into the many forms and consequences of digital exclusion (Livingstone and Helsper 2010). Differences in views about the relationship between technology and communication and the persistence of digital divides are reflected in research on whether a global media and communication policy environment is feasible and the roles of the nation state and multistakeholder groups in governing digital media.
Different framings of the relationship between globalization and communication are echoed in research on the governance regimes that enable the production and consumption of ICTs and media content, locally and globally. The governance of Internet has become a hotly contested area of research drawing on legal expertise and examining the values embedded in the architecture of the Internet and other digital applications. Brown and Marsden (2013) provide comprehensive examinations of the proliferation of policies, regulations, and legislation in response to the global spread of digital networks and their applications, especially the Internet. In addition, there is research on specific online behaviors and whether there should be sanctions for ‘bad’ behavior in the case of hacktivism or crime and terrorism.
Finally, the relationship between technology and communication raises many issues with respect to ethical conduct within the humanities and the social sciences. Guidelines with respect to Internet-related research have been developed nationally and by organizations such as the Association of Internet Researchers (AoIR). Different methods raise concerns about the risks involved to researchers and to those they study.
References:
- Brown, I. & Marsden, C. (2013). Regulating code: good governance and better regulation in the information age. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Castells, M. (2009). Communication Power. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Curran, J., Fenton, N., & Freedman, D. (2012). Misunderstanding the internet. London: Routledge.
- Freeman, C. (2007). The ICT paradigm. In R. Mansell, C. Avgerou, D. Quah, & R. Silverstone (eds.), The Oxford handbook of information and communication technologies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 34–54.
- Hartmann, M. (2013). From domestication to mediated mobilism. Mobile Media and Communication, 1(1), 42–49.
- Jørgensen, R. F. (2013). Framing the net: The Internet and human rights. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
- Livingstone, S. & Helsper, E. (2010). Balancing opportunities and risks in teenagers’ use of the Internet: The role of online skills and Internet self-efficacy. New Media & Society, 12(2), 309–329.
- Mansell, R. (2012). Imagining the Internet: Communication, innovation and governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Mayer-Schönberger, V. & Cukier, K. (2013). Big data: a revolution that will transform how we live, work and think. London: John Murray.
- Silverstone, R. (2007). Media and morality: On the rise of the mediapolis. Cambridge: Polity.
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Electronics
Ece seminar topics 2024 – the top 100 topics for electronics and communication engineering, electronics and communication engineering seminar topics.
Here is a curated list of the top 100 Technical Seminar topics for Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE) and a brief introduction to each subject.
Emerging Technologies in Electronics (2024):
AI in Electronics & Communication Engineering : This involves leveraging artificial intelligence techniques to enhance the design, optimization, and performance of electronic systems and communication networks. Related : Integrating Artificial Intelligence on ECE
Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA): A Paradigm Shift in Digital Design Explore the potential of QCA, a promising nanotechnology for ultra-low power and high-speed digital circuits.
Neuromorphic Engineering: Building Brain-Inspired Electronics Investigate how neuromorphic engineering mimics the structure and function of the human brain for efficient computing.
Memristor-Based Circuits for Non-Volatile Memory Applications Examine memristors as a revolutionary element for non-volatile memory with high-speed and low-power characteristics.
Spintronics: Next-Generation Electronics with Spin Discuss spin-based electronics that utilize the spin of electrons for novel computing and memory applications.
Flexible Electronics and Wearable Devices Explore advancements in flexible electronics and their applications in wearable devices for healthcare and consumer electronics.
Communication Technologies (2024):
6G Wireless Communication: The Future of Connectivity Investigate the key features and potential applications of the sixth generation of wireless communication technology. Related: 6G Network Technology
Terahertz Communication Systems: Breaking the Bandwidth Barrier Explore using terahertz frequencies for high-bandwidth wireless communication and imaging applications.
Visible Light Communication (VLC): Li-Fi Technology Discuss VLC, a wireless communication technology that uses visible light to transmit data, offering high-speed and secure communication.
Free-Space Optical Communication (FSO): Beyond Fiber Optics Examine FSO as a wireless communication technology using laser beams for high-speed data transmission.
Massive MIMO: Advancements in Wireless Antenna Technology Explore Massive Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology for improving the capacity and efficiency of wireless communication systems.
Signal Processing and Image Processing (2024):
Sparse Signal Processing: Applications in Compressed Sensing Investigate sparse signal processing techniques and their applications in medical imaging and communication.
Quantum Signal Processing: Harnessing Quantum Computing Power Explore how quantum computing can revolutionize signal processing tasks for enhanced speed and efficiency.
Image-to-Image Translation with Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) Discuss GANs for translating images from one domain to another, with applications in art, fashion, and medical imaging.
Edge Computing in Signal Processing: Real-Time Applications Explore the implementation of signal processing algorithms on edge devices for low-latency and real-time applications.
Brain-Computer Interface (BCI): Next-Generation Human-Machine Interaction Investigate the technology behind BCIs, enabling direct communication between the brain and external devices.
Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Networks (2024):
Energy Harvesting for IoT Devices: Sustainable Power Solutions Explore energy harvesting technologies for powering IoT devices using ambient energy sources.
5G IoT: Enabling the Massive Connectivity of Things Discuss how 5G technology facilitates the deployment of many IoT devices with high data rates and low latency. Related: 5G Technology
Blockchain for Secure and Decentralized IoT Networks Explore how blockchain technology enhances security and trust in IoT applications by providing a decentralized and tamper-proof ledger.
Wireless Sensor Networks for Environmental Monitoring Investigate the use of wireless sensor networks for real-time environmental monitoring and data collection.
RFID Technology: Applications and Challenges in IoT Explore Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, its applications, and challenges in implementing RFID-based IoT systems.
Related: Internet of Things(IoT) Seminar
Biomedical Electronics (2024):
Wearable Health Monitoring Systems: IoT in Healthcare: This session will discuss wearable devices and IoT technologies for continuous health monitoring, early detection, and personalized healthcare.
Bioelectronic Medicine: Interfacing Electronics with the Nervous System Explore the field of bioelectronic medicine, where electronic devices interface with the nervous system for therapeutic purposes.
Neural Prosthetics: Restoring Functionality with Brain-Computer Interfaces Investigate the development of neural prosthetics that use brain-computer interfaces to restore lost sensory or motor functions.
Biomedical Signal Processing for Disease Diagnosis Explore advanced signal processing techniques for analyzing biomedical signals and diagnosing diseases.
Implantable Electronics for Medical Applications Discuss the development of implantable electronics for various medical applications, including monitoring and treatment.
Robotics and Automation (2024):
Swarm Robotics: Cooperative Multi-Robot Systems Explore the coordination and collaboration of multiple robots in swarm robotics for efficient and scalable applications.
Soft Robotics: Flexible and Adaptive Robot Design Investigate soft robotics, focusing on flexible materials and structures for safer and more adaptable robotic systems.
Robotics Process Automation (RPA) in Industry Discuss the implementation of RPA in automating repetitive and rule-based processes in various industries.
Human-Robot Collaboration in Industry 4.0 Explore the integration of robots and humans in manufacturing processes for increased efficiency and flexibility.
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs): Exploring the Ocean Depths Discuss using AUVs for autonomous exploration and data collection in underwater environments.
Power Electronics and Renewable Energy (2024):
Smart Grid Technology: Modernizing Electrical Power Systems Explore integrating digital technology and communication in power systems for improved efficiency and reliability.
Renewable Energy Integration: Challenges and Solutions Investigate the challenges and solutions of integrating renewable energy sources into the existing power grid.
Wireless Power Transfer: The Future of Charging Discuss wireless power transfer technologies for charging electronic devices, electric vehicles, and medical implants.
Power Electronics for Electric Vehicles: Charging and Control Explore advancements in power electronics for efficient charging and control systems in electric vehicles.
Energy Storage Technologies for Grid Integration Investigate emerging energy storage technologies to support grid integration and ensure a stable renewable energy supply.
Photonics and Optoelectronics (2024):
Integrated Photonics: Miniaturizing Optical Components Explore the integration of various photonic components on a single chip for compact and efficient optical systems.
Metamaterials: Engineering Light for Advanced Optics Discuss metamaterials and their applications in controlling light for improved optics, sensing, and imaging.
Quantum Photonics: Harnessing Quantum Properties of Light Investigate how quantum properties of light can be utilized in quantum communication and computing.
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for Medical Imaging Explore OCT as a non-invasive imaging technique for high-resolution imaging in medical applications.
Plasmonics: Enhancing Light-Matter Interactions Discuss plasmonics, focusing on the interaction between electromagnetic field and free electrons for applications in sensing and imaging.
VLSI and Embedded Systems (2024):
Hardware Security in VLSI: Protecting Against Cyber Threats Explore techniques and methodologies for enhancing the security of VLSI designs against cyber-physical attacks.
Reconfigurable Computing: Flexibility in Hardware Design Investigate reconfigurable computing platforms that allow dynamic changes to hardware configurations for improved flexibility.
Energy-Efficient VLSI Design: Low-Power Circuit Techniques Discuss low-power circuit design techniques for energy-efficient VLSI systems, extending battery life in portable devices.
Internet of Things (IoT) Edge Processing: Efficient Embedded Solutions Explore edge processing in IoT devices, focusing on energy-efficient embedded systems for data analytics and decision-making.
Machine Learning on Edge Devices: Enabling Intelligent IoT Investigate the implementation of machine learning algorithms on edge devices for real-time and intelligent processing.
Microwave and Antenna Systems (2024):
Metasurface Antennas: Advanced Electromagnetic Wave Control Explore metasurface antennas and their ability to control electromagnetic waves for improved antenna performance.
Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems: 5G and Beyond Discuss the use of millimeter-wave frequencies in communication systems, especially for 5G networks and future wireless technologies.
Terahertz Antennas: Enabling High-Frequency Communication Investigate terahertz antennas for high-frequency communication systems, with applications in imaging and sensing.
MIMO Antenna Systems for Wireless Communication Explore Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna systems and their applications in improving wireless communication performance.
RF Energy Harvesting for Wireless Sensor Networks Discuss the use of radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting to power wireless sensor nodes in remote or hard-to-reach locations.
Communication Protocols and Standards (2024):
6LoWPAN: Enabling IPv6 Connectivity for IoT Devices Explore the use of IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) for efficient communication in IoT devices.
Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) for Industrial IoT Investigate TSN is a set of standards for real-time communication in industrial IoT applications that ensures timely and deterministic data delivery.
Cooperative Communication in Wireless Networks Discusses cooperative communication strategies that enhance the reliability and efficiency of wireless communication networks.
Software-Defined Radio (SDR): Flexible Communication Platforms Explore SDR platforms that enable flexible and reconfigurable communication systems by implementing radio functions in software.
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE): Efficient Wireless Connectivity Discuss BLE technology and its applications in low-power and short-range wireless communication for IoT devices.
IoT Related articles:
- Internet of Things(IoT) Seminar
- 100 IoT Project Ideas
- 21 Raspberry Pi Projects
- IIoT – The Industrial Internet of Things
Security and Privacy in Communication (2024):
Post-Quantum Cryptography: Securing Communication Against Quantum Threats Explore cryptographic techniques designed to resist attacks by quantum computers, ensuring secure communication.
Physical Layer Security in Wireless Communication Investigate techniques that leverage the physical characteristics of the communication channel for enhancing wireless communication security.
Blockchain-Based Secure Communication Networks Discuss the use of blockchain technology to establish secure and tamper-proof communication networks.
Biometric Authentication in Communication Systems Explore the integration of biometric authentication methods in communication systems for enhanced security.
Secure Multi-Party Computation: Privacy-Preserving Communication Investigate techniques for secure multi-party computation, allowing parties to jointly compute a function over their inputs while keeping them private.
Related: Secure Communication Technology
Wireless Charging and Power Transfer (2024):
Resonant Inductive Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Explore resonant inductive WPT technologies for efficient wireless charging of devices over short to medium distances.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in Wireless Charging Discuss the integration of RFID technology with wireless charging systems, enabling identification and communication between devices.
Wireless Power Transfer for Biomedical Implants Investigate the application of wireless power transfer for charging and powering biomedical implants without physical connections.
Microwave Power Transfer: Long-Range Wireless Charging Explore microwave power transfer technologies for long-range wireless charging of electronic devices.
Wireless Charging for Electric Vehicles: Challenges and Solutions Discuss challenges and solutions in implementing wireless charging systems for electric vehicles, enhancing convenience and efficiency. Related: Wireless Charging for Electric Vehicles (EVs) Seminar Report
Cognitive Radio and Dynamic Spectrum Access (2024):
Cognitive Radio Networks: Intelligent Spectrum Management Investigate cognitive radio networks that intelligently adapt to dynamic spectrum conditions, optimizing the utilization of available frequencies.
Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA): Efficient Spectrum Sharing Discuss DSA technologies enabling flexible and efficient radio frequency spectrum sharing among different users.
Machine Learning for Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Explores the application of machine learning techniques for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks, improving accuracy and reliability.
Game Theory in Spectrum Sharing: Balancing Interests Investigate the use of game theory principles in designing algorithms for fair and efficient spectrum sharing among multiple users.
White Space Devices (WSDs) in Dynamic Spectrum Access Discuss the use of WSDs to dynamically access unused frequencies (white spaces) in the spectrum, enhancing overall spectrum utilization.
Optical Communication Technologies (2024):
Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) Networks: Integrating Optical and Wireless Communication Explore FiWi networks that integrate high-speed optical communication with flexible and scalable wireless networks.
Visible Light Communication (VLC): Li-Fi Technology Discuss VLC, a wireless communication technology that uses visible light to transmit data, offering high-speed and secure communication. Li-Fi Technology
Optical Wireless Communication for Underwater Applications Investigates the challenges and solutions for implementing optical wireless communication in underwater environments.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) for Secure Optical Communication Explore QKD as a method for secure key exchange in optical communication systems, leveraging quantum properties for enhanced security.
Integrated Circuits and System Design (2024):
Machine Learning on Edge Devices: Enabling Intelligent IoT Investigate the implementation of machine learning algorithms on edge devices for real-time and intelligent processing. Related: Internet of Things(IoT)
More Seminar topics in Electronics:
- Advanced Wireless Communications Technologies
- Space Science Technology Seminar Topics
- Electronics and Communication Engineering(ECE) Seminar Topics
- 499 Seminar Topics for Electrical and Electronics Engineering
- AI Seminar Topics
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Electronics
Collegelib.com prepared and published this curated seminar topic ideas for Electronics Communication Engineering (ECE) Students. In addition to this information, you should research before shortlisting your topic. Please include the following Reference: Collegelib.com and link back to Collegelib in your work.
ECE Seminar Topics
- 100 Seminar Topics for ECE
- Seminar Topics for Electronics and Communication
- Advanced Wireless Communications
- Secure Communication
- mmWave Communication
- Optical Intersatellite Communication
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Recent phd research topic ideas for electronic engineering 2020.
Exclusive for scholars pursuing their PhD in Electronics and Communication Engineering with base papers (peer-reviewed articles)
- Energy Efficiency Examination of Comb Source Carrier-Injection Ring depend on Photonic Silicon Connection
- Silicon Photonics is on Wavelength division multiplexing Compatible Polarisation-Diverse OAM Generator and Multiplexer
- Integrating Ultra-Wideband Antennas with the Bluetooth
- Wetness Detection – Bluetooth depends on microcontroller unit and (Global System for Mobile communication
- Electrical Annealing – examination of the performance of Organic Rectifying Diodes
- Depend on organic light-emitting diodes – Optical camera communication system for IoT
- Enhancement in wireless body application for the deployment of a Human Body Phantom Model.
- Manipulation of wireless body area network in Clothing Spoof Surface Plasmons
- Deliberation of Human Body Blocking in User-Dense Condition and analyzation of Channel Capacity of Millimetre-Wave WBAN
- Tackling the catastrophic forgetting interface using an artificial neural network
- Wavelength Demultiplexer Models Running on Several Spatial Modes of the Rectangular Waveguide
- Enhancement in Decision Making with Photonics for Bandit Issues
- Binary Coherent Optical Receiver depend on Opto-Electronic Neural Network
- Backside Metal Mirrors with a grating coupler in silicon insulator
- Autonomous network diagnosis with Artificial intelligence (AI)
- Detection and visualization of terahertz using ballistic graphene rectifiers
- Challenges for 5 G Mobile Backhaul network based on threats and attacks
- Examination of CoAP with the DTLS Protocol in the communications of Fog-to-Fog.
- Distance-Based system for Named Software-Defined Vehicular Networks (NSDVN) in Broadcast Storm Mitigation
- Security and threats challenges in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks MANETs
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Research PhD Topics in Electronics and Communication Engineering
Electronics and communication is the branch of engineering science that is intended to control electron streams in an electrical circuit by rectification and amplification functionalities whereas classical electrical engineering uses the inductance & capacitance to control electron streams (current flow). In short, it is one of the thriving technologies in the recent technical eras. “We are presenting you the most expected pioneering article which is all about PhD topics in electronics and communication engineering”
Electronics and communication engineering is comprised of so many irreplaceable components. The main objective of this article is to make your thoughts provoke a different perception of curlicue electronics technology. We are dedicating our indispensable efforts to this article to electronics enthusiasts. You can also become a master in these areas by paying your kind attention throughout the article. Now let us begin to focus on the core areas.
Overview of Electronics and Communication
Electronic components are the entities which are interpreting electron flows in every electronic mechanism. These components are interconnected with the printed circuit boards to generate oscillator, receiver & amplifier-based electronic circuits. Electronic components such as,
- Transistors
These components are usually integrated with complex digital circuits. Advancements in digital electronics are cannot be fingered in numbers. For example, digital watches, traffic signals, and supercomputers are the best instances of digital electronic circuits. In this regard, let us look into the modern evolution of digital electronics.
Evolution of Digital Electronics
- Transparent Latch & Truth Tables
- State Machines & Sequential Logic
- Logic Synthesis & Simulation
- Karnaugh Maps & Formal Verification
- Digital Circuits & Counters
- De Morgan’s Laws & Boolean Algebra
- Combinational Logic & Binary Decision Diagrams
- Schmitt Triggers & Multiplexers
- Registers & Counters
- Flip-Flops, Logic Gates & Adders
- Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor
- Field-Programmable Gate Array
- Digital Signal Processor & Memory Chip
- Application-Specific Integrated Circuit
- Microcontrollers & Microprocessors
The above listed are the various branches in which electronic engineering is contributed their vital functionalities to enhance them. As this article is titled with the PhD topics in electronics and communication engineering, we would like the mention the research areas of the same at the beginning itself for the ease of your understanding.
Research Areas in Electronics and Communication Engineering
- Instrumentation & Control Engineering
- Telecommunications Engineering
- Automation & Robotics
- Data Science & IoT
- Embedded Systems & Engineering
- Signal Processing & Communication Systems
- Wireless Communication Technology
- Optoelectronics, Microelectronics & Bioelectronics
- Electronic & Microwave Engineering
- Electrical & Computer Science Engineering
- Information & Communications Processing
- Computer Technology & Digital Circuits
These are the diverse research areas heading their paves and offering so many opportunities to explore more. These technologies are making other models stronger by the application of their significant features in every technique comprised it.
You can make use of our technical team’s assistance here for brainstorming about how electronics and communication engineering is going to help your selected areas of research. In this sense, we could gear up our directions into the next section.
What are the Different Models that benefitted from Electronics and Communication Engineering?
- Heart Beat Monitor
- Plasma Antenna Technology
- Pass-Transistor Dual Value Logic for Low-Power CMOS
- Markov and Hidden Markov Models
Itemized above are the 4 major models which are benefited from electronics and communication engineering in general. We know that it would be really helpful to beginners by explaining these systems. Hence, we are going to make the next section with their corresponding explanations.
- Heartbeat monitors are using IR Receiver (Rx) & IR Transmitter (Tx) by taking biometric inputs from index fingers in the medical field
- A metal element in an electronic system is substituted by plasma antenna which engages ionized gas into the tubes
- Further, it allows radio frequency to transmit signals over the medium when ionized gas charged
- The antenna element will have flopped if ionized gas is not charged as well as voltage application is enabling electrons to flow in a circuit
- Portable devices are in needing very high throughput & low power consumption in every process
- It is highly resulted in designing high-density VLSI chips to ensure several requirements of portable devices
- Markov models are tackling pattern recognition complexities by the application of electronics engineering
- These models are widely used to examine genes, promoter entities, CpG, RNA & as well as DNA patterns
This is how these mentioned models are getting benefited by electronics and communication engineering in real-time. Our researchers in the institute are smart and intellectual individuals who are spontaneously skilled.
They are interacting and encourage the students utilizing directing them to technical areas which are going to help them to grab their dream career opportunities. Right now, we would like to add up some peppers here about how electronics and communication engineering work in general with clear handy notes.
How Does Electronics and Communication Engineering Work?
- Polarization Module & Lightweight Broadband Antenna
- Synthetic aperture radar sensors are powered by the transversal electromagnetic & logarithmic-periodic dipole broadband antennas
- Unmanned aircraft vehicles are placed with broadband antennas and estimated according to the weight, radiation pattern pulse response & matching
- Wideband Microwave Power Module
- It is the integrated module of vacuum tube & solid-state electronics that is aimed to increase (amplify) radio frequency signal levels
- As well as they are enfolding EPC, TWTA & SSPA within the solitary unit and they are widely used in,
- Military & Defense Satellite Communications
- Dynamic Phased Array of Antennas
- Synthetic Aperture Radars & Transmitters
These are 2 modules mainly involved in the working process of electronics and communication engineering. In fact, without wideband and lightweight broadband modules, the electronic system cannot execute its processes in a better manner.
At this time of the technical era, so many trends are injected into electronics and communication engineering technology. Yes, we are going to let you know some interesting current trends presented in the same technology for making your perceptions wise.
Current Trends in Electronics and Communication Engineering
- This technology is vigorously involving with communication antennas research
- It is transmitting data over the infrared lights in a bidirectional way
- Enlarges the bandwidth and network speed by multiplying 4G, 3G & Wi-Fi
- It allows the digital users to connect with the internet and smart devices
- It can connect with longer cables and allows to access other electromagnetic generators
- This technology is making supercomputers with human analytical skills
- For interacting with humans (as human interaction with other individuals)
- Used in the airlines for communicating with broadband & wireless narrowband
- Microchips in Gi-Fi offer multi-gigabit data transmission with short-range
The foregoing passage has revealed to you some of the current trends in electronics and communication engineering. Researching is an art and not everyone is Picasso of it. However, you can become a master in research by continuously putting in your hard work.
In the following passage, we have wrapped several exciting PhD research ideas in electronics and communication engineering for your valuable consideration. Shall we get into that section? Come on!!! Let’s grab them.
Research Ideas for Electronics and Communication Engineering
- Urban Area based 5G Communication Networks
- MEMS Sensors & Systems
- Nano Devices with Microchips
- Software-Defined Wireless System Evaluation
These are the innovative research ideas that can be further explored with the help of skilled developers and researchers. When doing PhD studies, you need to choose the exact research topic in which you are strong.
Many scholars are failing to select the correct research topic. For this, you can avail our mentors’ assistance freely to know about trending electronics and communication engineering journals list . Students are given various options such as they can choose one of the given topics or they can even choose topics as per our technical crew’s instructions.
To be honest, we are suggesting every student handpick the latest topics in emerging technologies with phd thesis writing services . Here is a tip for you! Try to make questions on the issues that arise in your research topic and make the interesting issues to frame your PhD topics. In this regard, we wanted to mention the latest topics in electronics and communication.
What are the Latest Topics in Electronics and Communication?
- Infrared Communications
- VLSI Implementation by OFDM
- WLAN in Automated Vehicles
- corDECT Wireless in Local Loop System
- Wearable & IoT Computing
- Linux Clusters with Parallel File System
- Digital Image Processing
- Speech Recognition
- Visible Light Communication
- Smart Sensors
- Communication Channel Testing
- IR & RF Waveforms Experimentations
- Integrated Back Haul & Front Haul Systems
- Testing Samples on Signals
- Simulating Interfaces in Hardware
- Application of CRO in Active Frequency of Output
- Testing using Antenna, Radar & Sonar
Here CRO stands for Cathode Ray Oscilloscope. These are some of the possible topics in electronics and communication engineering. As our technical team is concerned with the student’s understanding, they are always lending their helping hands to them by means revealing every aspect of research. Hence, they would also like to highlight some simulation tools used in electronics and communication engineering technology.
Simulation Tools for Electronics and Communication
- Matlab or Simulink
- NS 2 or NS 3
The aforementioned are some of the simulation tools used in electronics and communication engineering. As our researchers concentrated on the student’s welfare, we wanted to explain at least one of the listed simulation tools for paving your understanding better. That is none other than, that we are going to illustrate how to simulate IoT devices using the COOJA simulator .
How to Simulate IoT Devices using COOJA Simulator?
- IoT is the intellectual and embedded system in which sensors, interfaces, hardware, and software are interconnected to exchange data
- Contiki system of wireless sensor networks are simulated by the COOJA’s Contiki Mote and they are controlling the whole architecture
- Contiki Mote compilers are performed as a load and sharing library in Java programming languages
This is how the IoT devices are simulated by the COOJA simulator. Apart from this, signals in IoT devices are significantly stimulated by Matlab tools. Do you know, How to simulate signal processing using Matlab? If you don’t know! Don’t cringe. We are going to illuminate you the same in the immediate section.
How to Simulate Signal Processing using Matlab?
- Primarily, Matlab is acquiring raw signals and then they are analyzing, preprocessing and extracting features in it
- Matlab tools are dynamically performing power spectrum evaluation, smoothing, & resamples filtered signals
- Particularly, they are very competent in extracting signal patterns and their similarities
- Even they are capable in measuring SNR oriented signal misrepresentations
- Matlab is using signal analyzer application to analyze and preprocess the various signals instantaneously without scripting any codes
- In addition, they are facilitating the users to customize the digital filters with the help of filter design application
This is how the signal processing in IoT devices is simulated under the Matlab tool. We are concerned with dynamic researchers who are showcasing their indispensable contributions to make the research paper’s quality with high standard levels.
Our experts have engaged them in various activities. One among them is reading habit. Yes, we habitually read and examine top journals published with every phase of technology (for example robotics journals list ). In addition, we are also suggesting you, people, read journals at least periodically. Finally, we would like to highlight some of the latest and emerging technologies in electronics and communication engineering.
What are the Latest Technologies in Electronics and Communication?
- Smart & Intellectual Energy Systems
- Computerized Industries
- Robotics & Automation
- Self-directed Drone Mechanisms
- Man-less Driving Systems
So far, we have come up with the essential areas of PhD topics in electronics and communication engineering and other concepts. Are you wondering about this technology? There are so many interesting fields that are yet too said. If you are interested in knowing about them, then you can feel free to approach our academics at any time.
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Latest Topics in Electronics and Communication (ECE) for project, research, and thesis
Electronics and Communication is an important field with respect to our daily life. There are a number of good topics in electronics and communication engineering (ECE) for thesis, research, and project. New developments and research are going on in this field. It has made our life, even more, easier and comfortable.
Mobile phones and Communication network have brought the world closer. All thanks to electronics and communication engineers working towards the development of these electrical products. Talking about academics, students are often confused about which topic to choose in electronics and communication for project, thesis or for the seminar. M.Tech students find it even more difficult to choose a good master thesis topics in communication engineering. Even after the choice of the topic is made, students are unable to get proper thesis guidance and thesis assistance in ECE.
So what to do?
Here are some of the latest and best topics in electronics and communication which you can choose for your thesis, projects, and seminars for M.Tech and Ph.D. You can get thesis help in any of these topics from the thesis guidance experts.
Latest Thesis and Research Topics in Electronics and Communication(ECE)
Following is the list of latest topics in Electronics and Communication(ECE) for the project, research and thesis:
Fibre Optic Communication
Embedded systems, nanoelectronics, oled(organic light emitting diode).
Zigbee Technology
Human Area Network
Bluetooth is a low-power wireless technology used for exchange of data within a short range. Bluetooth build a Personal Area Network(PAN) for exchange of data between mobile devices. This technology was invented by Ericsson in 1994. Bluetooth is based on radio technology known as frequency-hopping spread spectrum. In this technology, the data is transmitted in the form of packets. It is a very good topic for an M.Tech thesis. Thesis help in this topic can be taken from an expert in this field. Along with this it is also a very good choice for major project in ECE. There are two processes of Bluetooth technology:
Basic Rate/Enhanced Data Rate(BR/ED) –It uses point-to-point topology to enable continuous wireless communication between two devices. The common example for this is wireless speakers.
Low Energy(LE) – It uses multiple network topologies for communication which include point-to-point, mesh and broadcast. Point-to-point is for one to one device communication. Broadcast is for one to many device communication. Mesh is for many to many device communication.
Many consumers are using this technology worldwide for streaming audio, data exchange and broadcasting information. Bluetooth technology uses a variety of protocols. The Bluetooth protocol stack is divided into two parts: Controller Stack and the host stack.
The controller stack is implemented in low-cost silicon devices that contains Bluetooth radio and a microprocessor. The host stack is implemented on the top of the operating system or as an installable package on the operating system.
How Bluetooth technology works?
The Bluetooth network is also known as Personal Area Network or Piconet in which there are 2 to 8 devices. One is the master device that initiates the communication while other are the slaves. The slave devices respond to the action of the master device. The master device governs the transmission between the slave devices. A slave device may begin transmission only in an allotted time slot.
A scatternet is created when a device participates in more than one piconet.
Features of Bluetooth Technology
Following are some of the features of Bluetooth technology:
Based on radio technology.
Power consumption is less.
There are fewer complications.
Applications of Bluetooth technology
Wireless mobile phone headset.
Bluetooth enabled laptops and Pcs.
Wireless mouse and keyboard.
Data transfer between mobile devices.
Disadvantages of Bluetooth Technology
Along with benefits, there are certain disadvantages of Bluetooth technology. Some of these are:
High battery consumption.
Security is poor.
The data transfer is low.
Lower bandwidth.
For transmission of large amount of data fibre optic communication is the perfect choice. This type of communication is used to transmit data over long distances over the computer network. This technology converts electronic signals into light signals and the signals are transmitted through the optical fibres. It is a very good choice for your M.Tech thesis project. Thesis help in this topic can be taken from professionals in this topic. Some of the characteristics of this type of communication are:
High bandwidth
Long distance communication
Less electromagnetic interference
Transmission Security
How Fibre Optics Communication works?
Unlike other form of communication, in fibre optics, the communication takes place in the form of light signals. The components of fibre optics communication are:
Transmitter
Light source
The transmitter receives input in the form of electrical signals which are converted into light signals using a light source like LED and laser. The light signal is transmitted using optic fibre cable to the receiver where it is converted back into electric signals. The receiver consists of a photodetector that measures the frequency of the optic field. The wavelength near to the infrared is used for communication.
Photodetector – A photodetector is a device that converts light signals into electric signals. Two types of photodetectors mainly used in fibre optic communication are PN photodiode and avalanche photodiode.
Advantages of fibre optics communication
Some of the advantages of fibre optics communication are:
Higher transmission bandwidth
Data transmission is higher
Low power loss
Higher Security
Immunity to electromagnetic interference
Disadvantages
High installation cost
More number of repeaters
More maintenance is required
Embedded Systems are the type of physical hardware systems with software embedded in that. This system is microprocessor or microcontroller-based and can be independent or can be a part of larger system. This system is specifically designed to perform some tasks. It is a hot topic for thesis, project ad for seminar. If you know little about this topic you can also take thesis guidance for this topic. Following are the three components of embedded systems:
Real-Time Operating System
Characteristics of Embedded Systems
The characteristics of the embedded systems are:
Single Functionality – Embedded Systems are specifically designed to perform a single task.
Tightly Constrained – Embedded Systems are based on constraints like design, cost , size, and power.
Reactive – Embedded Systems are reactive in nature i.e. they instantaneously react to any changes in nature.
Based on microprocessor – Embedded Systems are microprocessor and microcontroller based.
Memory – These systems have ROM(Read Only Memory) embedded in that as there is no need of secondary memory.
Connectivity – These systems have peripherals connected to them for input and output.
What an Embedded System consists of?
The basic structure of an embedded system consists of the following components:
Sensor – To measure the quantity of a system by converting it into electrical signals.
A/D Converter – It is required to convert analog to digital signals.
Processor – It processes the data and stores it into memory.
D/A Converter – It converts digital to analog signals.
Actuator – An actuator compares the output of the D/A converter to the expected output.
Advantages of Embedded Systems
These systems can be easily customized.
These have low power consumption.
The cost is comparatively low.
The power is enhanced.
Disadvantages of Embedded Systems
High efforts in development
Marketing is not easy.
Nanoelectronics is a field that deals with the use of nanotechnology in electrical components. On the other hand, nanotechnology is a branch of engineering that deals with the matter at an atomic and molecular level. Nanoelectronics more or less is based on the transistors. The transistors used here have size lesser than 1000 nanometers. These are so small that there is separate study to understand the inter atomic interactions as well as quantum mechanical properties. These transistors are designed through nanotechnology and are very much different from the traditional transistors.
The work that a nanoelectronic device can do depends upon its size. With increase in volume, the power of the device will increase. The development in this field is in progress as there are some limitations of it when used in real world.
Different approaches to nanotechnology
The different approaches to nanotechnology are:
Nanofabrication
Nanomaterials Electronics
Molecular Electronics
Nanophotonics
Applications of Nanoelectronics
Certain development and applications have been made in this field of nanotechnology which are as follows:
Nanoradio – These will have nanoprocessors for its working with high speed and performance. Carbon nanotubes are being used in this application.
Nanocomputers – Traditional computers will be replaced by nanocomputers for higher performance and speed. Detailed research is being carried out in this field.
Medical Diagnostics – Nanoelectronic devices can detect biomolecules and thus will help in medical diagnostics.
Energy Production – Research is being conducted to create energy efficient solar cells, galvanic cells and fuel cells.
VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration)
VLSI is a process to create Integrated Circuits(IC) by combining together thousands of transistors on a single chip. Microprocessor is an example of VLSI. Before the development of VLSI, the Integrated Circuits had limited functionality and performance. VLSI gives the ability to add CPU, RAM, ROM and other such functions on a single chip.
Due to this, the electronics industry has recorded a commendable growth.
Design of VLSI
VLSI maily consists of front-end design and back-end design. Front-end design is the digital design while back-end design is the CMOS(Complememtary metal-oxide semiconductor) library design. The steps followed while designing a VLSI are:
Problem Specification – In this step, various parameters are studied like size, cost, performance and functionality.
Architecture – In this step, specifications like floating point unit, ALU, RISC/CISC and cache size are studied.
Functional Design – The functional unit along with the input and output are defined in this step using a block diagram.
Logical Design – The main logic of the system is designed at this step. Other developments in this step include boolean expression, register allocation, control flow and word width.
Design of the Circuit – The circuit is designed after the logical design by the use of gates and transistors.
Physical Design – The complete layout of the system is designed at this step through geometrical representation.
Packaging – The final product is obtained after putting together all the chips into a single printed circuit board.
Advantages of VLSI
The advantages of VLSI are:
Size of the circuit is reduced.
Cost of the device is reduced.
Increase in overall performance and speed.
Higher reliability
Find its use in almost every field from computers to medicines.
OLED is a type of LED( Light Emitting Diode) with a small change that the component that produces light is made up of a thin layer of organic compounds. This organic semiconductor layer is situated between the two electrodes. It is mainly used for flat panel displays, mobile devices, and smartphones. There are two types of OLEDs :
Based on small molecules
Using polymers
Working of OLEDs
Organic LED work almost in the same way as traditional LEDs with some changes. In this instead of n-type and p-type semiconductors, organic molecules are used to produce electrons and holes. There are 6 layers of OLED. The top layer is known as the seal while the bottom layer is called the substrate. There are two terminals between the top and the bottom layers – anode(positive terminal) and cathode(negative terminal). In between these terminals, there are the organic layers one is the emissive layer and the other one is the conductive layer.
A voltage is connected to the anode and the cathode. Electricity starts flowing and the cathode starts receiving electrons while the cathode starts losing them. As the electrons are added, the emissive layer starts becoming negatively charged while the conductive layer starts becoming positively charged. The positively charged holes starts jumping towards the emissive layer. When the positive hole meets the negatively charged electron ,a photon is produced which is a particle of light.
Advantages of OLEDs
These are superior to LCDs.
These are thinner, lighter and flexible.
The respond time is faster.
They produce true colors with better viewing angle.
Disadvantages of OLEDs
These have comparatively less life time than the LCDs.
The organic molecules degrade over the time.
These are very sensitive to water.
ZigBee Technology
ZigBee is an IEEE 802.15.4 based communication system designed for wireless personal area network . This standard allows the physical and media access control layer(MAC) to handle various devices at a very low-data rate. The main characteristics of this technology is that it is low powered and low cost. It controls and manages application within a range of 10-100 metres. Moreover, it is less expensive than the Bluetooth and Wifi.
Architecture of ZigBee
This system consist of the following three devices:
ZigBee Coordinator
The ZigBee coordinator acts as the bridge and the root of the whole network. It handles and stores the information by performing some data operations. The ZigBee routers are the intermediatory device that allows data to pass to and from other devices. The end device communicates with the parent node. The ZigBee protocol consists of the following 5 layers:
Physical Layer – This layer performs the modulation and demodulation operation.
MAC Layer – This layer access different networks using CSMA to check for reliable transmission of data.
Network Layer – This layer looks after all the operations related to the network.
Application Support Sub-Layer – This layer matches two devices according to their services and needs.
Application Framework – This layer provides two types of data services. One is the key value pair and the other one is the generic messages service.
ZigBee Operating Modes
There two modes of operation in ZigBee:
Non-beacon – In this mode, there is no monitoring of the incoming data by the coordinators and the routers.
Beacon – In this mode, the active state of the incoming data is continuously monitored by the coordinators and routers thereby consuming more power.
Applications of ZigBee Technology
ZigBee finds its application in the following fields:
Industrial Automation
Home Automation
Smart Metering
Smart Grid Monitoring
Human Area Network is a wireless network also referred to as RedTacton that uses the human body as a medium for high-speed transmission. It is different from other wireless and infrared technologies in the sense that it uses tiny electric field emitted on the surface of the human body. It is a very good topic under ece thesis topics list.
The human body forms a transmission path whenever a part of it comes into contact with the RedTacton transceiver. Body surface can be hands, legs, arm, feet or face. It can work through clothes and shoes. Whenever the physical contact between the transceiver and the human body is lost, communication ends.
It has the following three main features:
The communication can be triggered by human movements like touching, gripping, walking, sitting, and stepping for obtaining data.
The transmission speed is not depleted when many people are communication at the same time as the transmission path is human body surface.
Conductors and dielectrics can be used along with the human body.
Working of Human Area Network
The approach of Human Area Network is different from other networks. It does not use electromagnetic waves or light waves for data transmission. Instead, it uses weak electric signals on the human body for transmission. It works as follows:
The RedTacton transmitter generates a weak electric signal on the human body surface.
Any changes caused by the transmitter to the electric field is sensed by the RedTacton receiver.
RedTacton depends upon the principle that the changes in the weak electric field can cause a change in the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal.
These changes are detected using a laser and the result is produced in the form of electrical signals.
RedTacton uses CSMA/CD(Carrier Sense with Multiple Access with Collision Detection) protocols for transmission.
GPRS stands for General Packet Radio Services. It is a packet-based service for 2G and 3G mobile communication. It is standardized under European Telecommunications Standards Institute(ETSI). It provides higher data rates for Internet on mobile phones. It is based on GSM(Global System for Mobile) communication and provides additional services on circuit-switched connections and Short Message Service(SMS). It is another popular topic for final year project, thesis, and seminar.
GPRS has the following main features:
It has lesser cost than the circuit-switched services as the communication channels are shared.
It provides variable throughput and latency.
It provides data rates of 56-114 kbps.
It supports IP, PPP, and X.25 packet-based protocol.
Services offered by GPRS include:
SMS(Short Messaging Service)
Internet Access
MMS(Multimedia Messaging Service)
Push-to-talk service
Instant Messaging
Point-to-point(P2P) and point-to-multipoint(P2M) services
It stands for High-Speed Packet Access. It is a combination of two technologies named HSDPA and HSUPA for uplink and downlink. This provides high-speed data access. It can provide download speed up to 384 kbps. It uses WCDMA protocols and improves the performance of the existing 3G mobile communication. Students looking for ece project ideas can work on this topic.
Components of HSPA
Following are the two main components of HSPA providing a link between the base station and the user:
HSDPA(High-speed Downlink Packet Access) – HSDPA is used to provide support for packet data and a data rate of 14 Mbps. Also, it helps in reducing delays.
HSUPA(High-speed Uplink Packet Access) – It also provides data support with improved features along with data rate of 5.74 Mbps.
Benefits of HSPA
There are a number of benefits of HSPA but following are the significant ones:
HSPA uses a higher order of modulation for data to be transmitted at a higher rate.
It uses a Shorter Transmission Time Interval(TTI) to reduce the round trip time and reduction in latency.
It uses a shared channel for transmission which provides a great level of efficiency.
To maximize the channel usage, link adaption is used.
Fast Node B scheduling is used with adaptive coding and modulation to respond to the constantly varying radio channel and interference.
These were some of the topics in electronics and communication for your project, thesis and for your seminar. Thesis help and thesis guidance can be taken for ece thesis topics from thesis guidance agencies.
Techsparks offer thesis and research help in electronics and communication (ECE). You can contact us on this number +91-9465330425 or email us at [email protected] for any help in all the latest topics in electronics and communication. You can also fill the query form on the website.
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Seminar Topics For Electronics Students & Professionals
This list contains short-listed top Seminar topics and guides that an Electronics Engineering Student or Professional can use to present in various Seminars, white Paper Presentations, and institutes.
The list with brief introductions provides an overview of each seminar topic and offers a glimpse into the areas of exploration and discussion within the field of electronics.
1. Internet of Things (IoT) in Electronics
This topic explores the integration of IoT technology with electronic systems and devices, enabling connectivity, data exchange, and automation. It covers the potential applications, benefits, and challenges associated with implementing IoT in the electronics industry.
You can also check top IoT Projects and Ideas .
2. Artificial Intelligence in Electronics Design and Manufacturing
This topic focuses on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in electronics design and manufacturing processes. It discusses how AI algorithms and machine learning can optimize design, enhance productivity, and improve quality control in the electronics industry.
3. Embedded Systems and Real-time Operating Systems (RTOS)
This topic delves into embedded systems, which are specialized computer systems designed to perform specific tasks. It covers the fundamentals of embedded systems, the role of real-time operating systems, and their applications in various electronic devices and industries.
4. Nanoelectronics and Nanotechnology in Electronics
This topic highlights the significance of nanotechnology in electronics. It explores nanoscale materials, devices, and manufacturing techniques that contribute to the development of smaller, faster, and more efficient electronic components.
5. Robotics and Automation in Electronics Industry
This topic focuses on the use of robotics and automation in the electronics industry. It discusses industrial robots, automated assembly lines, and the role of robotics in manufacturing, quality control, and process optimization in electronics production.
6. Microstrip Antenna
Microstrip antenna is one of the most popular types of printed antenna. These play a very significant role in today’s wireless communication systems. In this article, we have explained microstrip antenna, their polarisation and radiation pattern, applications, and upcoming trends.
7. Harvesting Radio Frequency Energy
Antennae are constantly transmitting energy around us. What if there was a way of harvesting radio frequency energy that is being transmitted constantly?
8. Solar-Powered Irrigation Systems
Solar-powered water pumping systems can find application in town water supply, livestock watering, and irrigation. The solar-powered irrigation system is an application of a solar-powered water pumping system used in paddy fields, and gardens for watering plants, vegetables, etc.
9. RFID Technology
RFID technology allows the non-contact transfer of information (much like the familiar barcode), making it effective in manufacturing and other hostile environments where barcode labels could not survive. Take a look at how it works and what are its pros and cons.
Transition to 5G mobile communications is expected to include offloading traffic to unlicensed spectrum, improved carrier aggregation (up to 32 carriers), massive MIMO, and support for a radio optimized for the low-end of the IoT market.
Light Fidelity is a light-based Wi-Fi that can transmit data more swiftly, safely, and securely, thereby holding immense potential for multiple domains.
12. 7nm IC Technology
Commercial production of 7 nm IC technology is still at a development stage even after being developed in early 2000. What are the challenges involved?
13. Frequency Spectrum Analysis
How does a frequency spectrum analysis take place? What are the parameters to consider while performing it? Check it out now.
14. Watchdog Timer
A Watchdog Timer (WDT) is a hardware that contains a timing device and clock source. A timing device is a free-running timer, which is set to a certain value that gets decremented continuously. Let us know more about it.
15. E-waste Management
The aim of this article is to spread awareness about various issues involved in e-waste management and generation, particularly from an Indian perspective.
16. Hall Effect Sensors
Hall effect sensors were first used as microwave power sensors. These now pervade everything from automobiles to computers to machine tools. Take a peek into the different types of Hall effect sensors.
17. Biomedical Sensors
Sensors are small, tiny, and intelligent devices that are used to measure physical variables like temperature, humidity, gas, velocity, flow rate, pressure, and so on. According to American National Standards Institute, a sensor is defined as a device that provides a usable output in response to a specified measure.
18. Microchip Implants
The RFID microchip is basically a tiny, two-way radio, roughly the size of a grain of rice, capable of storing digital information. The sub-dermal implant typically contains a unique 16-digit identification number that can be linked to the information contained in an external database, such as personal identification, law enforcement, medical history, medications, allergies, and contact information.
19. E-Textiles
e-textiles are an important part of wearable computing. Also called ‘e-fabrics,’ these have various electronic components and interconnections woven into them for the desired functionality. Here is an overview of their design, usage, and areas of research.
20. Assistive Electronics
Electronic devices have not only transformed the lifestyle of common people by providing comfort, security, and entertainment but have proved a boon for people with injuries or physical disabilities. This type of electronics is generally called assistive electronics.
21. DWDM Technology
Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is a promising transmission technology that can offer very high bandwidth capabilities in the range of terahertz. Such capabilities are possible due to the transmission of a large number of high-speed channels simultaneously.
22. Wireless Charging Technology
With the widespread adoption of small, portable devices with batteries in need of constant recharging, people’s attention is turning to wireless power. Let us read more about wireless charging technology.
23. High-power Microwaves
HPM weapon systems could be used to replace precision-guided munitions to disable or destroy high-value targets or installations located in populated areas with minimized risk of human casualties.
24. FPGA Design Flow
A step-by-step lowdown on the basic flow of FPGA designing for new design engineers.
25. Conformal Coating
Coating materials protect electronic assemblies against malfunctions or failures in robust operating conditions. Here is what kind of protection these materials provide, the properties of coating materials, and why they are in demand.
26. Wireless Power Transfer and Energy Harvesting Technologies
This topic explores wireless power transfer methods, including technologies like inductive coupling and resonant coupling. It also covers energy harvesting techniques that enable the collection and utilization of ambient energy sources to power electronic devices wirelessly.
27. Printed Electronics and Flexible Electronics
This topic introduces printed electronics, a branch of electronics that focuses on printing electronic components and circuits on flexible substrates. It discusses the advantages, applications, and advancements in the field of flexible and printed electronics.
28. Emerging Trends in Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
This topic discusses the latest trends and advancements in digital signal processing, a key technology for processing and analyzing signals in electronic systems. It covers topics such as digital filters, image and audio processing, and real-time signal processing applications.
Please check the signal processing basics and Digital Signal Processing Free Ebooks .
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JSmol Viewer
United in green: a bibliometric exploration of renewable energy communities.
1. Introduction
- SQ1: How did the publication of scientific articles evolve during the analyzed timespan?
- SQ2: Which are the countries with the most articles published?
- SQ3: Taking into consideration the papers published on the REC domain, who are the authors with the most significant impact?
- SQ4: Which are the journals with the most articles published on RECs?
- SQ5: Which are the most relevant universities?
- SQ6: What does the collaboration network between authors look like for the REC domain?
2. Materials and Methods
- Index Chemicus (IC): 2010–present;
- Book Citation Index—Science (BKCI-S): 2010–present;
- Book Citation Index—Social Sciences and Humanities (BKCI-SSH): 2010–present;
- Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI): 1975–present;
- Arts and Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI): 1975–present;
- Current Chemical Reactions (CCR-Expanded): 2010–present;
- Conference Proceedings Citation Index—Social Sciences and Humanities (CPCI-SSH): 1990–present;
- Emerging Sources Citations Index (ESCI): 2005–present;
- Conference Proceedings Citation Index—Science (CPCI-S): 1990–present;
- Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE): 1900–present;
3. Dataset Analysis
3.1. data description, 3.2. sources, 3.3. authors, 3.4. countries, 3.5. most-cited documents, 3.6. most-used words, 3.7. collaboration analysis, 3.8. theme analysis, 3.9. mixed analysis, 4. discussions and limitations, 5. conclusions.
- The domain has evolved significantly, especially in recent years. The first paper was released in 1996, and the second one appeared in 2009, but starting with 2019, the domain grew exponentially. More and more researchers are becoming interested in the REC domain, especially from Europe, with a total of 200 publications.
- The most relevant countries that focused on the REC domain when considering the number of articles published and the total citations are Italy, Austria, Germany, Portugal, the Netherlands, the USA, and Canada. EU countries have shown a high level of interest in this area starting in 2021, when the EU adopted the legislation related to new energy sources. Similar results were discovered by Mentel et al. and Cruz-Lovera et al. [ 96 , 100 ].
- The most notable authors in the REC domain when taking into consideration the number of articles published are Ceglia F., Fina B., Marrasso E., Sasso M., Auer H, Krug M., and Lowitzsch J.; all the aforementioned authors published at least five documents indexed in the WoS database.
- The most important journal in the REC area is Energies , which published a total number of 44 papers. Other relevant journals are Sustainability , Renewable Energy , Energy , Applied Energy , Energy Policy , Energy Research & Social Science , the Journal of Cleaner Production , Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews , and Energy Conversion and Management . Moreover, in terms of the sources quartile, it has been noted that SCIE dominates in the high-impact quartile (Q1), reflecting its strength in covering top-tier scientific journals. SSCI also shows a strong presence in Q1, but to a lesser extent. Additionally, it can be observed that ESCI shows more journals in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 quartiles, which could indicate a focus on emerging or niche fields that are still developing their impact.
- The foremost affiliations in terms of the number of papers published are predominantly from Italy, including Sapienza University of Rome, the Polytechnic University of Turin, the Polytechnic University of Milan, the University of Sannio, and the University of Pisa. Austria is represented by 2 universities in the top 10 most productive universities based on the number of published papers: Technische Universität Wien and the Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT). Similarly, Germany also features two universities: European University Viadrina Frankfurt ODER and Fraunhofer Gesellschaft. Portugal is represented by Universidade de Lisboa as the sole institution in the top affiliations list for REC research.
- The collaboration network for authors in the domain of RECs predominantly involves researchers from the same countries, as indicated by the high values of the Single-Country Publication (SCP) indicator among the top ten most significant countries, with values ranging from 20% to 90.90%. Exceptions to this trend include France, the Netherlands, and Belgium, which have more publications involving international co-authors, indicating the emergence of French, Dutch, and Belgian researchers in the REC domain. In contrast, countries such as Italy, Austria, Germany, Portugal, Spain, the USA, and China primarily focus on domestic collaborations. Among bilateral collaborations, the most significant is between Germany and the Netherlands with seven publications, followed by Germany and Belgium with five articles. Other notable collaborations include Italy–Spain, Austria–Belgium, Belgium–the Netherlands, Germany–Norway, Germany–Portugal, Germany–Spain, Italy–Poland, and Italy–the UK. Belgium and the Netherlands stand out for their extensive international collaborations, contributing significantly to the development of RECs by exploring new implementation methods and understanding the legislative and decentralization aspects of energy systems. The collaborative network has had a notable impact on discovering new methods of sustainable and affordable energy sources, highlighting the contributions of key authors working in this domain.
Author Contributions
Data availability statement, conflicts of interest.
Indicator | Value |
---|---|
Authors | 686 |
Authors of single-authored documents | 12 |
Authors of multiple-authored documents | 674 |
Co-authors per document | 4.13 |
International co-authorship | 32.5% |
Authors’ keywords | 717 |
Click here to enlarge figure
No. | Paper (First Author, Year, Journal, Reference) | Number of Authors | Region/Country | Total Citations (TCs) | Total Citations per Year (TCYs) | Normalized TCs (NTCs) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Unay, TS., 2017, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy [ ] | 2 | Turkey | 166 | 20.75 | 2.56 |
2 | Zhou, MJ., 2017, Sustainable Energy & Fuels [ ] | 6 | China, USA | 99 | 12.38 | 1.53 |
3 | Gueymard CA., 2009, Solar Energy [ ] | 2 | USA | 89 | 5.56 | 1.00 |
No. | Paper (First Author, Year, Journal, Reference) | Title | Data | Purpose |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Unay, TS., 2017, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy [ ] | Integration of hydrogen energy systems into renewable energy systems for better design of 100% renewable energy communities | No data have been used | To describe the concept of renewable energy, the role of hydrogen and fuel cells, and moving from fossil and nuclear fuels to renewable energy fuels in order to create clean energy |
2 | Zhou, MJ., 2017, Sustainable Energy & Fuels [ ] | n/n junctioned g-C N for enhanced photocatalytic H generation | No data have been used | To describe a promising metal-free catalyst that can be used for solar energy and water splitting |
3 | Gueymard CA., 2009, Solar Energy [ ] | Evaluation of conventional and high-performance routine solar radiation measurements for improved solar resource, climatological trends, and radiative modeling | Solar radiation data from various sources | To evaluate the actual solar radiation measurements and to propose how to improve their accuracy |
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Exploration Steps | Filters on Web of Science | Description | Query | Query Number | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Title/Abstract/Authors’ Keywords | Contains specific keywords related to REC in title/abstract/authors’ keywords | ((TI=(renewable_energy_communit*)) OR AB=(renewable_energy_communit*)) OR AK=(renewable_energy_communit*) | #1 | 323 |
2 | Language | Limit to English | (#1) AND LA=(English) | #2 | 315 |
3 | Document Type | Limit to Article | (#2) AND DT=(Article) | #3 | 237 |
4 | Year Published | Exclude 2024 | (#3) NOT PY=(2024) | #4 | 200 |
Indicator | Value |
---|---|
Timespan | 1996:2023 |
Sources | 61 |
Documents | 200 |
Average years from publication | 2.73 |
Average citations per document | 21.87 |
Average citations per year per document | 5.221 |
References | 8640 |
Country | Articles | SCP | SCP Percentage | MCP | MCP Percentage | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Italy | 71 | 55 | 77.50% | 16 | 22.5% | 35.5% |
Austria | 16 | 10 | 62.50% | 6 | 37.5% | 8.00% |
Germany | 16 | 10 | 62.50% | 6 | 37.5% | 8.00% |
Portugal | 11 | 10 | 90.90% | 1 | 9.1% | 5.50% |
Belgium | 7 | 3 | 42.90% | 4 | 57.1% | 3.50% |
Netherlands | 6 | 2 | 33.30% | 4 | 66.70% | 3.0% |
Spain | 6 | 4 | 66.70% | 2 | 33.30% | 3.0% |
USA | 6 | 5 | 83.30% | 1 | 16.70% | 3.0% |
China | 5 | 3 | 60.00% | 2 | 40.00% | 2.5% |
France | 5 | 1 | 20.00% | 4 | 80.00% | 2.5% |
No. | Paper (First Author, Year, Journal, Reference) | Number of Authors | Region/Country | Total Citations (TCs) | Total Citations per Year (TCYs) | Normalized TCs (NTCs) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Lowitzsch, J., 2020, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews [ ] | 3 | Germany and Canada | 257 | 51.40 | 4.48 |
2 | Ines, C., 2020, Energy Policy [ ] | 6 | Portugal, Germany, and UK | 217 | 43.40 | 3.78 |
3 | Doci G., 2015, Futures [ ] | 3 | The Netherlands | 171 | 17.10 | 2.00 |
4 | Barbour, E., 2018, Applied Energy [ ] | 4 | USA and Switzerland | 144 | 20.57 | 2.44 |
5 | Gjorgievski, VZ., 2021, Renewable Energy [ ] | 3 | North Macedonia and Cyprus | 134 | 33.50 | 3.75 |
6 | Azarova, V., 2019, Energy Policy [ ] | 4 | Austria | 96 | 16.00 | 2.16 |
7 | Hoicka CE., 2021, Energy Policy [ ] | 5 | Canada, Germany, UK, and Austria | 95 | 23.75 | 2.66 |
8 | Heldeweg MA., 2020, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews [ ] | 2 | Netherlands and UK | 83 | 16.60 | 1.45 |
9 | Bartolini A., 2020, Renewable Energy [ ] | 4 | Italy | 83 | 16.60 | 1.45 |
10 | Hanke, F., 2021, Energy Research & Social Science [ ] | 3 | Germany, France, and Netherlands | 74 | 18.50 | 2.07 |
No. | Paper (First Author, Year, Journal, Reference) | Title | Data | Purpose |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Lowitzsch, J., 2020, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews [ ] | Renewable energy community under the 2019 European Clean Energy Package—Governance model for the energy clusters of the future? | A dataset that contains 67 best-practice cases from 18 countries of consumer ownership | To understand how the new laws related to renewable energy adopted by the EU will affect the reality |
2 | Ines, C., 2020, Energy Policy [ ] | Regulatory challenges and opportunities for collective renewable energy prosumers | Regulatory frameworks and legislation from each country | To compare the regulatory frameworks from nine countries and to extract the main opportunities and challenges |
3 | Doci G., 2015, Futures [ ] | Exploring the transition potential of renewable energy communities | Literature and documentary review between 2012 and 2013 | To explore the REC potential in the Netherlands and to contribute to transitioning the energy system |
4 | Barbour, E., 2018, Applied Energy [ ] | Community energy storage: A smart choice for the smart grid? | PV data and locations from community microgrids | To simulate, analyze, and compare the results of storage adoption in 4500 individuals’ households from 200 communities |
5 | Gjorgievski, VZ., 2021, Renewable Energy [ ] | Social arrangements, technical designs and impacts of energy communities: A review | EU legislation | To express individuals’ interest in the energy sector transformation by offering the opportunity to join individual or collective energy communities and to explain the social arrangements and to explore the impact of energy communities |
6 | Azarova, V., 2019, Energy Policy [ ] | Designing local renewable energy communities to increase social acceptance: Evidence from a choice experiment in Austria, Germany, Italy and Switzerland | Experiment survey related to energy domain with 2000 respondents from Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and Austria | To offer solutions on how to increase social acceptance of RECs in order to achieve EU goals |
7 | Hoicka CE., 2021, Energy Policy [ ] | Implementing a just renewable energy transition: Policy advice for transposing the new European rules for renewable energy communities | EU legislation implemented in June 2021 by all 27 EU Member States | To explain the benefits and challenges of the implementation of RECs and why this domain should be financed |
8 | Heldeweg MA., 2020, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews [ ] | Renewable energy communities as ‘socio-legal institutions’: A normative frame for energy decentralization? | REC-II | To create an institution that will facilitate the creation of RECs, providing a just energy source for each citizen |
9 | Bartolini A., 2020, Renewable Energy [ ] | Energy storage and multi energy systems in local energy communities with high renewable energy penetration | Data collected from an open consumption dataset with data from households located in Austin, USA | To investigate the potential of power to gas, which manages the excess of electricity production in multi-energy districts that tend to become RECs |
10 | Hanke, F., 2021, Energy Research & Social Science [ ] | Do renewable energy communities deliver energy justice? Exploring insights from 71 European cases | Data collected from 71 European RECs using a questionnaire | To explore how RECs impact society by improving the allowed vulnerable groups to participate and distribute affordable energy |
Unigrams in Titles | Frequency of Unigrams in Titles | Unigrams in Abstracts | Frequency of Unigrams in Abstracts |
---|---|---|---|
recs | 551 | recs | 2807 |
analysis | 18 | Electricity | 147 |
optimal | 14 | Results | 127 |
Assessment | 13 | Study | 122 |
Economic | 13 | Local | 119 |
Italian | 13 | Economic | 111 |
transition | 13 | Model | 96 |
design | 12 | Power | 89 |
European | 12 | transition | 87 |
local | 10 | European | 87 |
Bigrams in Titles | Frequency Bigrams Titles | Bigrams in Abstracts | Frequency Bigrams Abstracts |
---|---|---|---|
Energy communities | 152 | Energy communities | 443 |
Renewable energy | 124 | Renewable energy | 362 |
Energy transition | 56 | Energy transition | 314 |
District heating | 4 | Community recs | 38 |
European union | 4 | Clean energy | 23 |
Techno-economic analysis | 4 | Red II | 21 |
Clean energy | 3 | European union | 19 |
Italian context | 3 | Storage systems | 18 |
Collective self-consumption | 3 | Local energy | 16 |
Comparative analysis | 2 | Linear programming | 13 |
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Domenteanu, A.; Delcea, C.; Florescu, M.-S.; Gherai, D.S.; Bugnar, N.; Cotfas, L.-A. United in Green: A Bibliometric Exploration of Renewable Energy Communities. Electronics 2024 , 13 , 3312. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163312
Domenteanu A, Delcea C, Florescu M-S, Gherai DS, Bugnar N, Cotfas L-A. United in Green: A Bibliometric Exploration of Renewable Energy Communities. Electronics . 2024; 13(16):3312. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163312
Domenteanu, Adrian, Camelia Delcea, Margareta-Stela Florescu, Dana Simona Gherai, Nicoleta Bugnar, and Liviu-Adrian Cotfas. 2024. "United in Green: A Bibliometric Exploration of Renewable Energy Communities" Electronics 13, no. 16: 3312. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163312
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The blades of propellers and wind turbines are designed based on aerodynamics principles that were first described mathematically more than a century ago. But engineers have long realized that these formulas don’t work in every situation. To compensate, they have added ad hoc “correction factors” based on empirical observations.
Now, for the first time, engineers at MIT have developed a comprehensive, physics-based model that accurately represents the airflow around rotors even under extreme conditions, such as when the blades are operating at high forces and speeds, or are angled in certain directions. The model could improve the way rotors themselves are designed, but also the way wind farms are laid out and operated. The new findings are described today in the journal Nature Communications , in an open-access paper by MIT postdoc Jaime Liew, doctoral student Kirby Heck, and Michael Howland, the Esther and Harold E. Edgerton Assistant Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
“We’ve developed a new theory for the aerodynamics of rotors,” Howland says. This theory can be used to determine the forces, flow velocities, and power of a rotor, whether that rotor is extracting energy from the airflow, as in a wind turbine, or applying energy to the flow, as in a ship or airplane propeller. “The theory works in both directions,” he says.
Because the new understanding is a fundamental mathematical model, some of its implications could potentially be applied right away. For example, operators of wind farms must constantly adjust a variety of parameters, including the orientation of each turbine as well as its rotation speed and the angle of its blades, in order to maximize power output while maintaining safety margins. The new model can provide a simple, speedy way of optimizing those factors in real time.
“This is what we’re so excited about, is that it has immediate and direct potential for impact across the value chain of wind power,” Howland says.
Modeling the momentum
Known as momentum theory, the previous model of how rotors interact with their fluid environment — air, water, or otherwise — was initially developed late in the 19th century. With this theory, engineers can start with a given rotor design and configuration, and determine the maximum amount of power that can be derived from that rotor — or, conversely, if it’s a propeller, how much power is needed to generate a given amount of propulsive force.
Momentum theory equations “are the first thing you would read about in a wind energy textbook, and are the first thing that I talk about in my classes when I teach about wind power,” Howland says. From that theory, physicist Albert Betz calculated in 1920 the maximum amount of energy that could theoretically be extracted from wind. Known as the Betz limit, this amount is 59.3 percent of the kinetic energy of the incoming wind.
But just a few years later, others found that the momentum theory broke down “in a pretty dramatic way” at higher forces that correspond to faster blade rotation speeds or different blade angles, Howland says. It fails to predict not only the amount, but even the direction of changes in thrust force at higher rotation speeds or different blade angles: Whereas the theory said the force should start going down above a certain rotation speed or blade angle, experiments show the opposite — that the force continues to increase. “So, it’s not just quantitatively wrong, it’s qualitatively wrong,” Howland says.
The theory also breaks down when there is any misalignment between the rotor and the airflow, which Howland says is “ubiquitous” on wind farms, where turbines are constantly adjusting to changes in wind directions. In fact, in an earlier paper in 2022, Howland and his team found that deliberately misaligning some turbines slightly relative to the incoming airflow within a wind farm significantly improves the overall power output of the wind farm by reducing wake disturbances to the downstream turbines.
In the past, when designing the profile of rotor blades, the layout of wind turbines in a farm, or the day-to-day operation of wind turbines, engineers have relied on ad hoc adjustments added to the original mathematical formulas, based on some wind tunnel tests and experience with operating wind farms, but with no theoretical underpinnings.
Instead, to arrive at the new model, the team analyzed the interaction of airflow and turbines using detailed computational modeling of the aerodynamics. They found that, for example, the original model had assumed that a drop in air pressure immediately behind the rotor would rapidly return to normal ambient pressure just a short way downstream. But it turns out, Howland says, that as the thrust force keeps increasing, “that assumption is increasingly inaccurate.”
And the inaccuracy occurs very close to the point of the Betz limit that theoretically predicts the maximum performance of a turbine — and therefore is just the desired operating regime for the turbines. “So, we have Betz’s prediction of where we should operate turbines, and within 10 percent of that operational set point that we think maximizes power, the theory completely deteriorates and doesn’t work,” Howland says.
Through their modeling, the researchers also found a way to compensate for the original formula’s reliance on a one-dimensional modeling that assumed the rotor was always precisely aligned with the airflow. To do so, they used fundamental equations that were developed to predict the lift of three-dimensional wings for aerospace applications.
The researchers derived their new model, which they call a unified momentum model, based on theoretical analysis, and then validated it using computational fluid dynamics modeling. In followup work not yet published, they are doing further validation using wind tunnel and field tests.
Fundamental understanding
One interesting outcome of the new formula is that it changes the calculation of the Betz limit, showing that it’s possible to extract a bit more power than the original formula predicted. Although it’s not a significant change — on the order of a few percent — “it’s interesting that now we have a new theory, and the Betz limit that’s been the rule of thumb for a hundred years is actually modified because of the new theory,” Howland says. “And that’s immediately useful.” The new model shows how to maximize power from turbines that are misaligned with the airflow, which the Betz limit cannot account for.
The aspects related to controlling both individual turbines and arrays of turbines can be implemented without requiring any modifications to existing hardware in place within wind farms. In fact, this has already happened, based on earlier work from Howland and his collaborators two years ago that dealt with the wake interactions between turbines in a wind farm, and was based on the existing, empirically based formulas.
“This breakthrough is a natural extension of our previous work on optimizing utility-scale wind farms,” he says, because in doing that analysis, they saw the shortcomings of the existing methods for analyzing the forces at work and predicting power produced by wind turbines. “Existing modeling using empiricism just wasn’t getting the job done,” he says.
In a wind farm, individual turbines will sap some of the energy available to neighboring turbines, because of wake effects. Accurate wake modeling is important both for designing the layout of turbines in a wind farm, and also for the operation of that farm, determining moment to moment how to set the angles and speeds of each turbine in the array.
Until now, Howland says, even the operators of wind farms, the manufacturers, and the designers of the turbine blades had no way to predict how much the power output of a turbine would be affected by a given change such as its angle to the wind without using empirical corrections. “That’s because there was no theory for it. So, that’s what we worked on here. Our theory can directly tell you, without any empirical corrections, for the first time, how you should actually operate a wind turbine to maximize its power,” he says.
Because the fluid flow regimes are similar, the model also applies to propellers, whether for aircraft or ships, and also for hydrokinetic turbines such as tidal or river turbines. Although they didn’t focus on that aspect in this research, “it’s in the theoretical modeling naturally,” he says.
The new theory exists in the form of a set of mathematical formulas that a user could incorporate in their own software, or as an open-source software package that can be freely downloaded from GitHub . “It’s an engineering model developed for fast-running tools for rapid prototyping and control and optimization,” Howland says. “The goal of our modeling is to position the field of wind energy research to move more aggressively in the development of the wind capacity and reliability necessary to respond to climate change.”
The work was supported by the National Science Foundation and Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy.
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- Climate change
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Michael Howland gives wind energy a lift
A new method boosts wind farms’ energy output, without new equipment
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1000+ Electronics Engineering Presentation Topics
Published by admin on november 19, 2018.
These are 1000+ Presentation Topics for Electronics Engineering Students, Researchers, Teachers, and other professionals. Here we have given the latest and best electronics engineering presentation topics which can be used for PowerPoint paper presentations, seminars, webinars, oral or PPT presentations and discussions.
List of presentation topics for electronics engineering
These are the latest Presentation Topics for Electronics Engineering students.
Table of Contents
3G vs WiFi Wireless Internet Access
4G Wireless technology
5G Wireless technology
64-Point FT Chip
Air Powered Car
All-Optical Transistor
An Optical Switch Based on a Single Nano-Diamond
Artificial retina using thin-film transistor technology
Automatic solar tracker
Bio Battery
Brushless DC motor
Bubble Power
Carbon Nanotubes
Cellular Radio
Concentrating collectors
Detection and Tracking Algorithms for IRST
Digital Imaging
Drawing and Writing in Liquid With Light
DSP based motor control
E-Paper Technology
Electronics advance moves closer to a world beyond silicon
Electrooculography
Embedded system in automobiles
Embedded System Security
Fractal Robots
High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA)
How Advanced Solar Cells Work?
Humanoid Robot
IBOC (In-band on-channel)
Impedance Glottography
Integrated Circuits: The Dominator of Electronics
Is the electronics sector still waiting for the economy to recover?
Kirlian photography
Matrix inversion generator architecture
Microelectronic Pill
MIMO Technology
Mobile Phone Cloning
Money Pad Future Wallet
Nano-Optics
Nanomachines
New Techniques Produce Cleanest Graphene
The new way to dissolve semiconductors
Next-Generation Semiconductors Synthesis
Observer-Based Sensorless Control
Paper battery
Plastic Photovoltaics
Plastic Semiconductors
Riding an electron wave into the future of microchip fabrication
Smart antennas
Synaptic transistor
The power of wireless devices
Turning Plastic Bags Into High-Tech Materials
Use of DNA to assemble a graphene transistor
Wireless Communication technologies
Witricity (WIRELESS ELECTRICITY)
Wi-Vi technology
World’s Smallest FM Radio Transmitter
More Electronics Engg. Topics (Alphabetical List)
Here is the list of thousands of presentation ideas for presentations for electronics and telecommunication engineering students.
21st Century Electronic Devices
3 Axis Digital Accelerometer
3- D IC’s
3-D Chip Stacking Technique
3D Internet
3D optical Data Storage Technology
3D Solar Cell Technology
3-Dimensional Printing
3G Vs. 4G mobile Networks
5G Wireless Systems
6.5 digit professional multimeters
A 64 Point Fourier Transform Chip
A Basic Touch-Sensor Screen System
AC Performance of Nanoelectronics
Accident identification with auto dialler
Acoustic to articulatory inversion
Active pixel sensor
Adaptive Active Phased Array Radars
Adaptive Blind Noise Suppression
Adaptive Cruise Control
Adaptive Missile Guidance Using GPS
Adaptive Multipath Detection
Adaptive Optics in Ground-Based Telescopes
Adhoc Networks
Advanced electronic war equipment
Advanced Mobile Presence Technology
Advanced Packet Classification Technique
Advanced Plastics
Advances in DCS Systems
Advances in motion-capture technology
Advances in Thin-Film Technology
Advertising display using LED & LCD
AFM ultrafast Imaging
Agricultural Plant watering systems
AI for Speech Recognition
Air pollution monitor
All-flash microcontrollers
Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors
Amplifiers: single-and multi-stage
An Efficient Algorithm for iris pattern
Analog Circuits
Analogue CMOS
Analog Gyros
Analog-Digital Hybrid Modulation
Analog-Digital Hybrid Modulation for improved efficiency over Broadband Wireless Systems
Analysis of electromechanical systems employing microcomputers
Animatronics
ANN for misuse detection
Antenna Effect in VLSI Designs
Anthropomorphic Robot hand: Gifu Hand II
Antiroll suspension system
Aperture Synthesis (SAR and ISAR)
Application-Specific IC’s (ASICS)
Applications of dual-axis Accelerometers
Applications of Fuel cells
Architectural requirements for a DSP processer
Articulatory synthesis
Artificial Eye
Artificial immune system.
Artificial intelligence for speech recognition
Artificial Intelligence In Power Station
Artificial Intelligence Substation Control
Artificial Neural Network Systems
Artificial neural networks
Aspheric lenses
Astrophotography
Asymmetric digital subscriber line
Asynchronous Chips
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATM with an eye
Augmented Reality
Automated eye-pattern recognition systems
Automated Optical Inspection
Automated Remote Data Logger
Automatic Electric billing system
Automatic Number Plate Recognition
Automatic Railway Gate Controller
Automatic taxi trip sensing and indication system through GSM
Automatic Teller Machine
Automotive Infotainment
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
Avalanche diode
Avalanche photo diode
Baseband processor for licence-free digital PMR radios
Bench top wind tunnels
Bio Telemetry
Bioinformatics
Biologically inspired robots
Bio-metrics
Bio-Molecular Computing
Bioreactors
BIT for Intelligent system design
Blu Ray Disc
Blue Gene Supercomputer
Blue tooth technology
Bluetooth based smart sensor networks
Bluetooth Network Security
Boiler Instrumentation and Controls
Border Security Using Wireless Integrated Network Sensors
Brain Chips
Brain finger printing
Brain-computer interface
Brake Assisting Systems
Broadband Wireless Systems
Broadcasting as a Communication Primitive in Intercommunication Networks
Brushless Motors
Buffer overflow attack: A potential problem and its Implications
Business Process Execution Language (BPEC)
Capacitive Sensors
Carbon Chips
Carbon Nanotube Flow Sensors
Carbon Nanotubes -Adaptations & Applications
Cargo storage in space
Case Modeling
Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations
CCD vs. CMOS – Image
CCD: Charge-coupled device
CDMA & CDMA 1x Ev-Do
Cellonics Technology
Cellular Communications
Cellular Digital Packet Data
Cellular geolocation
Cellular Neural Network
Cellular Positioning
Cellular Technologies and Security
Cellular through Remote Control Switch
Chameleon Chip
Chip Morphing
Chip stacking Technology
Cholestric Flexible Displays(Ch LCDs)
Class-D Amplifier
Clockless Chips
Clos Architecture in OPS
Code Division Duplexing
Code Division Multiple Access
Collision warning system
Common Address Redundancy Protocol
Communication Onboard High-Speed Public Transport Systems
Compact peripheral component interconnect (CPCI)
Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging
Computer Aided Field Of Vision
Computer memory based on the protein
Concentrating Collectors
Contactless energy transfer system
Content-based image and video retrieval
Continuous phase modulation
Control system compensators
Convergence of Microcontrollers And DSPs
Co-operative cache based data access in ad hoc networks
Cordless power controller
Core Connecting Rod Design
Cortex M3 Micro controllers
Cross-media content production
CRT Display
Cruise Control Devices
Crusoe Processor
Cryptology in communication systems
Crystaline Silicon Solar Cells
CT Scanning
CVT: Continuously variable transmission
Cyberterrorism
Data Compression Techniques
Data Loggers
DD Using Bio-robotics
Deep-Submicron Effects and Challenges
Delay Tolerant Networking
Dense wavelength division multiplexing
Design of 2-D Filters using a Parallel Processor Architecture
Development of transistors
Digit recognition using neural network
Digital Audio Broadcasting
Digital Audio’s Final Frontier-Class D Amplifier
Digital Cinema
Digital circuits
Digital filtering techniques-Aliasing
Digital HUBBUB
Digital Micro-mirror Device
Digital quartz MEMS for stabilisation and motion sensing
Digital Signal Processing
Digital steganography
Digital stopwatch
Digital Subscriber Line
Digital Visual Interface
Direct Current Machines
Direct Hydrocarbons for Fuel Cells
Direct to Home Television (DTH)
Discrete-time Fourier Transform
Display technology
Disposable Nano Pumps
Distributed COM
Distributed Integrated Circuits
Distrubuated control System
DLNA: Digital Living Network Alliance Technology
DLP: Digital Light Processing
DNA Based Computing
Driving Optical Network Evolution
DSP Enhanced FPGA
DSP Processor
DTCP: Digital Transmission Content Protection
DTL (Diode–transistor logic)
Dual Energy X-ray Absorpiomsetry
DV Libraries and the Internet
Dynamic virtual private network
Dynamic VPN
Earth Simulator
Earthing transformers For Power systems
EC2 Technology
ECC: Elliptical curve cryptography
ECL (Emitter-coupled logic)
EDGE: Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution
EDRAM: Embedded Dynamic random-access memory
E-Intelligence
Elecromagnetic Valves
Electrical Impedance Tomography Or EIT
Electricity from the sun’s energy – photo-voltaic cells
Electro Dynamic Tether
Electromagnetics
Electronic Cooling and Thermal Issues in Microelectronics
Electronic Data Interchange
Electronic Devices
Electronic exchange& optical fiber network
Electronic humidity sensor
Electronic paper
Electronic Road Pricing System~
Electronic voting machine
Electronics Meet Animal Brains
Electronmagnetic Bomb
Element Management System
Embedded System in Automobiles
Embedded systems
Embedded Systems and Information Appliances
Embedded Systems In Automobiles
Embedded Web Technology
Embryonic approach towards integrated circuits
Embryonics Approach towards Integrated Circuits
Emergency Control of Power systems
Energy efficient turbo systems
Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution
Enhanced data rates for gsm evolution (edge).
Environmental Remediation Systems
EPG: Electronic Program(me) Guide
EUV Lithography
Evolution Of Embedded System
Extended Markup Language
Extreme ultraviolet lithography
Eye Gaze Human-Computer Interface
Eye gaze systems
Fabrication of Si solar cells for concentrator applications
Face Recognition Technology
Face recognition using artificial neural networks.
Face Recognition Using Neural Network
Fast convergemce algorithms for active noise control in vehicles
Fault Diagnosis Of Electronic System using AI
FDDI: Fiber Distributed Data Interface
FED: field emission display
Femtotechnology
FFT: Fast Fourier transform
Field Emission Display Screens
Field-effect transistors
Field-programmable gate array
FinFET Technology
Finger print based library management system
First order equation (linear and nonlinear)
FLASH PIC micro Micro controllers
Flexible CRT Displays
Flexible Power Gateways
Flip Chip Technology
Floating gate Transistor
Fluid Focus Lens (18)
Fluorescent Multi-layer Disc
Flyash Utilisation
Fly-By-Wire technologies
Flying Robots
FM direction finder
FOC: Fibre Optic Communication
FPGA in Space
FPGA: Field Programmable Gate arrays Technology
Fractal Antennas
Fractal Image Compression
Fractal Robot
FRAM (Ferroelectric RAM)
Free space laser communication
Free Space Optics
Free-Core LVDT Position Sensors
Frequency Division Multiple Access
Fusion Memory
Fuzzy based Washing Machine
Fuzzy Logic
Gaic algorithm for iris comparison
Gas Transfer Systems
Gauss and Green’s theorems
General packet radio system
Genetic Programming
Glass computer memory for reduced cost of medical imaging
Global Positioning System
Global System for Mobiles
GNSS Augmentation Systems
Graphics processing unit
Grating Light Valve (GLV) Display Technology
Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies
GSM Based remote measurement of electricity and control system for home
GSM Security and Encryption
Guided Missiles
Hall Sensor Applications
Handheld Radiation detector
Harsh Environment LVDT Position Sensors
HART Communication
Harvesting Wave power
HBTs: Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors
Heliodisplay
HEMT Modeling and Fabrication
High Altitude Aeronautical Platforms
High Capacity Flash Chips
High-frequency RF design
High Performance Computing On Grid Databases
High Performance DSP Architectures
High Speed Packet Access HSPA
High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)(84)
High-speed USB chips
High-Temperature LVDT
High-availability power systems Redundancy options
Higher-order linear differential equations with constant coefficients
HIPPI (High-Performance Parallel Interface)
HMDI- New Digital Video Interface
Holographic Associative Memory
Holographic Data Storage
Holographic Memory
Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD)
Home Audio Video Interpretability (HAVi)
Home Networking
Homeplug – powerline communication
Hot Standby Routing Protocol (HSRP)
Hot Swapping
Humanoids Robotics
Human-Robot Interaction
Hydrogen Super Highway
Hydrophones
HY-Wire Cars
IBOC Technology
Illumination With Solid State Lighting (4)
Image Authentication Techniques
Image Coding Using Zero Tree Wavelet
Image compression
Image processing techniques in PCB inspection systems
Image Sensors
Imaging radar
Imbricate cryptology
Immersion Lithography
I-Mode (Information Mode)
Implementation of Zoom FFT in Ultrasonic Blood Flow Analysis
Improving Multi-Path Radio Reception
Indoor Geolocation
Infinite Dimensional Vector Space
IN-MOTION RADIOGRAPHY
Innovation at Bell Labs
Instruction detection system
Integer Fast Fourier Transform
Integrated Power Electronics Module
Integrated sensor systems, and radio-frequency systems
Integrated Vehicle Health Management Technology
Integrated Voice and Data
Intel express chipsets
Intelligent RAM (IRAM)
Intelligent Sensors
Intelligent transport
Intelligent Wireless Video Camera
Interactive Voice Response System
Interferometry
Intermediate band quantum dot solar cells
Internet Cryptography
Internet Protocol Television
Intervehicle Communication
Introduction to the Internet Protocols
Inverse Multiplexing over ATM
Ion Conductivity Of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Iontophoresis
IP Telephony
Ipv6 – The Next Generation Protocol
IR Tracking Robots
Iris Scanning
IRQ Numbers
ISO Loop magnetic couplers
Isolated PSE controller chipset
Jelly Filled Telephone Cables
Jet Stream windmill
Josephson junction
JTAG Boundary Scan
Junction transistors
Klystron tube
Landmine Detection Using Impulse Ground Penetrating Radar
Laplace transform
Laser communication systems
LCD screen harvests energy from indoor and outdoor light
LCOS Technology
LDMOS Technology
Led Wireless
Lenses of Liquid
Leo Satellite
LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) for Automobile/ industrial/military applications
Light-emitting polymers
Lightning Protection Using LFAM
Linear lumped elements
Linear Time-Invariant (LTI)
Line-Reflect-Reflect Technique
Low Energy Efficient Wireless Communication Network Design
Low Memory Color Image Zero Tree Coding
Low Noise Amplifiers for Small & Large Photodiodes
Low Power UART Design for Serial Data Communication
Low Power Video Amplifiers
Low Power Wireless Sensor Network
Low Quiescent current regulators
Low Voltage Differential Signal
Low voltage differential signaling-Electronics
Low-density parity-check code
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Miniature RF Technology Demonstration
LVDTs for proportional control valve applications
LVDTs for the Power Generation Industry
Magnetic Amplifiers
Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy(MRFM)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Magnetoresistance on nanoscale
Maser Device
Mean value theorems
Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) Network
Membranes for Control and Energy Harvesting
MEMS CMOS processing
MEMS Microphone
Mesh Topology
Meso Technology
Metamorphic Robots
Microcontroller based Automatic Flush Control Systems
Microcontroller based security system using sonar
Micro-Display
Micro Electronic Pill
Micro Electronics
Micro Fluidic MEMS
Micro Mouse
Micro Robotics
Micro System Technology in Security Devices
Microbial Fuel Cells
Microcontroller based Auto-Dialer Home Security System
Microcontroller based sky car parking system
Microcontroller based talking key pad for blind people
Microcontroller based traffic density controller
Microcontroller based wireless energy meter
Microelectronic Pills
Micro-fabricated Bio-sensors
Micro fuel Cells
Micromechanical System For System-On-Chip Connectivity
Micro-mirror based projection displays
Microphotonics
Microvia Technology
Micro-wave Based Telecommunication
Microwave Superconductivity
MIFG(Multiple Input Floating Gate)
Migration to 4G: Advantages and Challenges
MiliPede Technology
Military Radars
MILSTD 1553B
Mixed-signal IC’s
MOBILE IPv6
Mobile Processor
Mobile Train Radio Communication
Mobile Virtual Reality Service
Modern Irrigation System Towards Fuzzy
Molecular Electronics
Molecular Fingerprinting
Molecular hinges
Molecular Surgery
Moletronics- an invisible technology
Molten oxide electrolysis
Money Pad, The Future Wallet
MOS (metal-oxide-semiconductor)
MOS capacitor
MOS field-effect transistors
MST in Telecommunication Networks
Multithreading microprocessors
Multichannel DC Convertors
Multimedia Messaging Service
Multiple description coding
Multiple integrals
Multisensor Fusion And Integration
Myword – ‘the text editor’
NAND Flash Memory
Nano Ring Memory
Nano-Communication
Nanocrystalline Thin-Film Si Solar Cells
Nanoimprint Lithography
Nanomanipulation
Nanopolymer Technology
Nanosensors from nature
Nanosized Resonator
Nanotechnological proposal of RBC
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology Assembler Design
Nanotechnology for Future Electronics
Narrow Band & Broad Band ISDN
Navbelt and Guidicane
NCQ: Native Command Queuing
Near Field Communication
Neo -wafer 3d packaging.
Network Coding
Network on Chip
Neural Networks
Neuroprosthetics
New Applications For Carbon Nanotubes
New Generation Of Chips
New methods to power mobile phones
New Sensor Technology
New trends in Instrumentation
Next Generation Internet
Night Vision Technology
Non Visible Imaging
Nonlinear limits to the information capacity of optical fibre communications
NSAP: Network Service Access Point
Nuclear Batteries-Daintiest Dynamos
NVSRAM- Non-Volatile Static RAM
Object-Oriented Concepts
OCT: Optical Coherence Tomography
Optic Fibre Cable
Optical Burst Switching
Optical Camouflage
Optical Character Recognition
Optical Communications in Space
Optical Ethernet
Optical Integrated Circuits
Optical Mouse
Optical networking
Optical packet switch architectures
Optical Packet Switching Network
Optical Satellite Communication
Optical Switching
Optimization of the sorting architecture of rof
Organic Display
Organic Electronic Fibre
Organic LED
Organic Light Emitting Diode
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Ovonic Unified Memory
Oxygen User technology
PAC: Programmable Automation Controller
Packet Cable Network
Packet Switching chips
Palladium cryptography
Paper Battery
Passive InfraRed sensors (PIRs)
Passive Integration
Passive Millimeter-Wave
Passive Optical Sensors
PC – Based OSCILLOSCOPE
PCD: Protein-Coated Disc
Personal Area Network
Pervasive Computing
PH Control Technique using Fuzzy Logic
Photonic Chips
Photovoltaics
PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control
Piezoelectric Actuators
p-I-n diode
Pivot Vector Space Approach in Audio-Video Mixing
Plasma antenna
Plasma Display
Plasma Television
Plastic circuitries
Plastic electronics
PMR ( Private Mobile Radio) Revolution
PolyBot – Modular, self-reconfigurable robots
Polycrystalline Si solar cells
Polymer memory
Polymer Memory
Polytronics
Porous Burner Technology
Portable X-ray Fluorescence Analyzer
Power Consumption Minimisation in Embedded Systems
Powerless Illumination
Power Line Networking
Power of Grid Computing
Power over Ethernet
Power System Contingencies
Power-supply ICs for slim LED-backlit TVs and PC main power systems
Precision IR thermometers
Printable RFID circuits
Printed Memory Technology
Printed organic Transistor
Project Oxygen
Proteomics Chips
Psychoacoustics
Push Technology
QoS in Cellular Networks Based on MPT
Quadrics network
Quantum Computers
Quantum cryptography
Quantum dot lasers
Quantum Dot Lasers
Quantum dots
Quantum Information Technology
Quantum Wires
QXGA – (Quad eXtended Graphics Array)
Radiation Hardened Chips (12)
Radio Astronomy
Radio Frequency Light Sources
Radio Network Controller
Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)-VxWorks
Real-Time Simulation Of Power Systems
Real-Time Speech Translation
Real Time System Interface
Real-Time Image Processing Applied To Traffic
Real-Time Obstacle Avoidance
Recent Advances in LED Technology
Remote Access Service
Remote Accessible Virtual Instrumentation Control Lab
Remote energy metering
Remote Monitoring And Thought Inference
Remotely Queried Embedded Microsensors
Residue theorem
Reversible Logic Circuits
RIFD: Radio Frequency Identification
Robot driven cars
Robotic balancing
Robotic Surgery
Role of Internet Technology in Future Mobile Data System
RPR: Resilient Packet Ring
RTOS – VxWorks(42)
Sampling theorems
Satellite Digital Radio(44)
Satellite Radio
Satellite Radio TV System
SCADA for power plant
SCADA system
Scalable Coherent Interconnect (SCI)
Screening for Toxic Nanoparticles
Search For Extraterrestrial Intelligence
Seasonal Influence on Safety of Substation Grounding
Secure Electronic Voting System Based on Image Steganography
Securing Underwater Wireless Communication Networks
Security In Embedded Systems
Self Healing Computers
Self Healing Spacecrafts
Self Phasing Antenna Array
Sensorless variable-speed controller for wind power generator(67)
Sensors on 3D Digitization
Sensotronic Brake Control
Serial Attached SCSI
Service Aware Intelligent GGSN
Short channel effects/ Latchup in CMOS
Signaling System
Significance of real-time transport Protocol in VOIP
Silicon on Plastic
Silicon Photonics
Silicon Technology
Silicon transistors
Silicon-carbide JFETs for high-end audio applications
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography SPECT(59)
Slow Light For Optical Communications
Small Satellites
Smart Antenna
Smart Autoreeling mechanism
Smart Cameras in Embedded Systems
Smart Fabrics
Smart heat Technology in Soldering Stations
Smart Note Taker
Smart Pixel Arrays
Smart Quill
Smart rectifiers
Smartwire-DT communication system
SMF BAtteries
SMS based vehicle Ignition controlling system
SOFC, MCFC, Fuel cell performance models
Soft lithography
Software Radio
Software-Defined Radio
SOI Technology (Silicon On Insulation)
Solar Power Satellite
Solar-powered plane -Solar Impulse plane
Solid Electrolyte Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells
Solid-State Lighting
Solid-State RF Switches
Solid-state Viscosity
Souped-Up Mesh Networks
Sources of error in digital systems
Space Quantum Cryptology
Space Robotics
Space Shuttles and its Advancements
Speaking I-Pods
SPECT (Single-photon emission computed tomography)
Spectrum Pooling
Speech Compression – a novel method
Speech recognition: using dynamic time warping
Speed Detection of moving vehicle using speed cameras
Spin Valve Transistor
Spintronics
Spring-Loaded LVDT Position Sensors
STAP: Space-Time Adaptive Processing
Stealth Fighter
Stealth Radar
Steganography In Images
Stereoscopic Imaging
Storage Area Networks
Stream Processor
Super Capacitor
Superconductive Magnetic Energy Storage
Surface Mount Technology
Surface Plasmon Resonance
Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Display (SED)
Surge Protection In Modern Devices
Surround sound system
Swarm intelligence & traffic Safety
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
Synchronous Optical Network
Synthetic Aperture Radar System
System on chip
Sziklai Pair (configuration of two bipolar transistors)
Tagged Command Queuing
Taylor’s and Laurent’ series
Tele-Graffiti
Tele-Medicine
Teleportation
Telestrator
Tempest and Echelon
Terahertz Transistor
Terahertz Waves And Applications
Terrestrial Trunked Radio
The Architecture of a Moletronics Computer
The Bionic Eye
The future of wireless network infrastructure
The InfraRed Traffic Logger
The making of quantum dots.
The mp3 standard.
The p-n junction
The speedes Qheap: a priority-queue data structure
The Synchronous optical network(SONET)
The Thought Translation Device (Ttd)
The TIGER SHARC Processor
The Ultra Battery
The Vanadium Redox Flow Battery System(35)
Theorems of integral calculus
Thermal Chips
Thermal infrared imaging technology
Thermography
Third Generation Solid State Drives
Three-dimensional integrated circuit.
Time Division Multiple Access
Time Reversal Terahertz imaging
Tiny Touch Screens
Token ring – IEEE 802.5
Tools and techniques for LTI control system analysis (root loci, Routh-Hurwitz criterion, Bode and
Nyquist plots)
Toroidal surface-mount power inductor for consumer electronics devices
Touch Screens
Tracking and positioning of mobiles in telecommunication
Transient Stability Assessment
Transistors and Moore’s law
Transparent Electronics
Transparent LCD displays
Treating Cardiac Disease With Catheter-Based Tissue Heating
Trends in appliance Motors
Trends in Mobiles & PC’s
Tri-Gate Transistor
Trisil – electronic component
TTL (Transistor–transistor logic)
Tunable lasers
Tunnel diode
Turbo codes
U3 Smart Technology
Ultra Conductors
Ultra-high frequency
Ultra Nano Crystalline Diamond
Ultra Small MCUs
Ultra Wide Band ( UWB)Sensors
Ultra-wideband technology
Ultra-Wideband
Ultrabright white SMD LEDs
Ultracapacitors
Ultrasonic Motor
Ultrasonic Trapping In Capillaries
Ultraviolet
Uniform linear array
Unijunction transistor
Unintentional radiator
Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
Unlicenced Moblie Access ( UMA) technology
USB Power Injector
User Identification Through Keystroke Biometrics
Utility Fog
UWB SENSORS: FOR EXCELLENT HOMELAND SECURITY
Vacuum Electronics For 21st Century(50)
Vacuum tube
Valence band
Vector field
Vehicle-to-Grid V2G
Vertical Cavity Surface Emission Lasers
VHSIC hardware description language
Vintage amateur radio
Virtual circuit
Virtual ground
Virtual Keyboards
Virtual Reality Visualisation
Virtual Retinal Display
Virtual retinal display (VRD) Technology
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
VIRTUAL SURGERY
Virtual worlds come to life
Visual Neuro Prosthetics
visual prosthetic
VLSI Computations
Voice morphing
Voice over internet protocol
Voice recognition based on artificial neural networks.
VT Architecture
VXI bus architecture
Wafer Level -Chip Size Packaging (WLCSP) Technology
Wardenclyffe Tower
Warner exemption
Wave impedance
Wave propagation
Waveguide antenna
Wavelength division multiplexing
Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Wavelet transforms
Wavelet Video Processing Technology
Wearable Biosensors
Wearable Technology innovations in Health care
Web-based home appliances controlling system
Web-based remote device monitoring
Web camera motion control
Welding Robots
Wheatstone bridge
Whip antenna
White facsimile transmission
White LED: The Future Lamp
WIDEBAND – OFDM
Wideband modem
Wideband Sigma Delta PLL Modulator
Williams tube
Wink pulsing
Wireless access point
Wireless Application Protocol
Wireless Charging Of Mobile Phones Using Microwaves
Wireless communication
Wireless community network
Wireless DSL
Wireless Fidelity
Wireless Integrated Network Sensors (WINS)
Wireless Intelligent Network
Wireless LAN Security
Wireless LED
Wireless Microserver
Wireless Mimo communication systems.
Wireless Networked Digital Devices
Wireless power transmission.
Wireless Video Service in CDMA Systems
Wisenet (Wireless Sensor Network)
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
XLR connector
Zener diode
Zero dBm transmission level point
Zero-dispersion wavelength
Zero-Energy Homes
ZIF (Zero insertion force)
Zigbee – zapping away wired worries(13)
Zigbee Networks(86)
Zipper noise elimination by the digital volume control
z-transform
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- Copy URL https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/fact-checking-warnings-from-democrats-about-project-2025-and-donald-trump
Fact-checking warnings from Democrats about Project 2025 and Donald Trump
This fact check originally appeared on PolitiFact .
Project 2025 has a starring role in this week’s Democratic National Convention.
And it was front and center on Night 1.
WATCH: Hauling large copy of Project 2025, Michigan state Sen. McMorrow speaks at 2024 DNC
“This is Project 2025,” Michigan state Sen. Mallory McMorrow, D-Royal Oak, said as she laid a hardbound copy of the 900-page document on the lectern. “Over the next four nights, you are going to hear a lot about what is in this 900-page document. Why? Because this is the Republican blueprint for a second Trump term.”
Vice President Kamala Harris, the Democratic presidential nominee, has warned Americans about “Trump’s Project 2025” agenda — even though former President Donald Trump doesn’t claim the conservative presidential transition document.
“Donald Trump wants to take our country backward,” Harris said July 23 in Milwaukee. “He and his extreme Project 2025 agenda will weaken the middle class. Like, we know we got to take this seriously, and can you believe they put that thing in writing?”
Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz, Harris’ running mate, has joined in on the talking point.
“Don’t believe (Trump) when he’s playing dumb about this Project 2025. He knows exactly what it’ll do,” Walz said Aug. 9 in Glendale, Arizona.
Trump’s campaign has worked to build distance from the project, which the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank, led with contributions from dozens of conservative groups.
Much of the plan calls for extensive executive-branch overhauls and draws on both long-standing conservative principles, such as tax cuts, and more recent culture war issues. It lays out recommendations for disbanding the Commerce and Education departments, eliminating certain climate protections and consolidating more power to the president.
Project 2025 offers a sweeping vision for a Republican-led executive branch, and some of its policies mirror Trump’s 2024 agenda, But Harris and her presidential campaign have at times gone too far in describing what the project calls for and how closely the plans overlap with Trump’s campaign.
PolitiFact researched Harris’ warnings about how the plan would affect reproductive rights, federal entitlement programs and education, just as we did for President Joe Biden’s Project 2025 rhetoric. Here’s what the project does and doesn’t call for, and how it squares with Trump’s positions.
Are Trump and Project 2025 connected?
To distance himself from Project 2025 amid the Democratic attacks, Trump wrote on Truth Social that he “knows nothing” about it and has “no idea” who is in charge of it. (CNN identified at least 140 former advisers from the Trump administration who have been involved.)
The Heritage Foundation sought contributions from more than 100 conservative organizations for its policy vision for the next Republican presidency, which was published in 2023.
Project 2025 is now winding down some of its policy operations, and director Paul Dans, a former Trump administration official, is stepping down, The Washington Post reported July 30. Trump campaign managers Susie Wiles and Chris LaCivita denounced the document.
WATCH: A look at the Project 2025 plan to reshape government and Trump’s links to its authors
However, Project 2025 contributors include a number of high-ranking officials from Trump’s first administration, including former White House adviser Peter Navarro and former Housing and Urban Development Secretary Ben Carson.
A recently released recording of Russell Vought, a Project 2025 author and the former director of Trump’s Office of Management and Budget, showed Vought saying Trump’s “very supportive of what we do.” He said Trump was only distancing himself because Democrats were making a bogeyman out of the document.
Project 2025 wouldn’t ban abortion outright, but would curtail access
The Harris campaign shared a graphic on X that claimed “Trump’s Project 2025 plan for workers” would “go after birth control and ban abortion nationwide.”
The plan doesn’t call to ban abortion nationwide, though its recommendations could curtail some contraceptives and limit abortion access.
What’s known about Trump’s abortion agenda neither lines up with Harris’ description nor Project 2025’s wish list.
Project 2025 says the Department of Health and Human Services Department should “return to being known as the Department of Life by explicitly rejecting the notion that abortion is health care.”
It recommends that the Food and Drug Administration reverse its 2000 approval of mifepristone, the first pill taken in a two-drug regimen for a medication abortion. Medication is the most common form of abortion in the U.S. — accounting for around 63 percent in 2023.
If mifepristone were to remain approved, Project 2025 recommends new rules, such as cutting its use from 10 weeks into pregnancy to seven. It would have to be provided to patients in person — part of the group’s efforts to limit access to the drug by mail. In June, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected a legal challenge to mifepristone’s FDA approval over procedural grounds.
WATCH: Trump’s plans for health care and reproductive rights if he returns to White House The manual also calls for the Justice Department to enforce the 1873 Comstock Act on mifepristone, which bans the mailing of “obscene” materials. Abortion access supporters fear that a strict interpretation of the law could go further to ban mailing the materials used in procedural abortions, such as surgical instruments and equipment.
The plan proposes withholding federal money from states that don’t report to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention how many abortions take place within their borders. The plan also would prohibit abortion providers, such as Planned Parenthood, from receiving Medicaid funds. It also calls for the Department of Health and Human Services to ensure that the training of medical professionals, including doctors and nurses, omits abortion training.
The document says some forms of emergency contraception — particularly Ella, a pill that can be taken within five days of unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy — should be excluded from no-cost coverage. The Affordable Care Act requires most private health insurers to cover recommended preventive services, which involves a range of birth control methods, including emergency contraception.
Trump has recently said states should decide abortion regulations and that he wouldn’t block access to contraceptives. Trump said during his June 27 debate with Biden that he wouldn’t ban mifepristone after the Supreme Court “approved” it. But the court rejected the lawsuit based on standing, not the case’s merits. He has not weighed in on the Comstock Act or said whether he supports it being used to block abortion medication, or other kinds of abortions.
Project 2025 doesn’t call for cutting Social Security, but proposes some changes to Medicare
“When you read (Project 2025),” Harris told a crowd July 23 in Wisconsin, “you will see, Donald Trump intends to cut Social Security and Medicare.”
The Project 2025 document does not call for Social Security cuts. None of its 10 references to Social Security addresses plans for cutting the program.
Harris also misleads about Trump’s Social Security views.
In his earlier campaigns and before he was a politician, Trump said about a half-dozen times that he’s open to major overhauls of Social Security, including cuts and privatization. More recently, in a March 2024 CNBC interview, Trump said of entitlement programs such as Social Security, “There’s a lot you can do in terms of entitlements, in terms of cutting.” However, he quickly walked that statement back, and his CNBC comment stands at odds with essentially everything else Trump has said during the 2024 presidential campaign.
Trump’s campaign website says that not “a single penny” should be cut from Social Security. We rated Harris’ claim that Trump intends to cut Social Security Mostly False.
Project 2025 does propose changes to Medicare, including making Medicare Advantage, the private insurance offering in Medicare, the “default” enrollment option. Unlike Original Medicare, Medicare Advantage plans have provider networks and can also require prior authorization, meaning that the plan can approve or deny certain services. Original Medicare plans don’t have prior authorization requirements.
The manual also calls for repealing health policies enacted under Biden, such as the Inflation Reduction Act. The law enabled Medicare to negotiate with drugmakers for the first time in history, and recently resulted in an agreement with drug companies to lower the prices of 10 expensive prescriptions for Medicare enrollees.
Trump, however, has said repeatedly during the 2024 presidential campaign that he will not cut Medicare.
Project 2025 would eliminate the Education Department, which Trump supports
The Harris campaign said Project 2025 would “eliminate the U.S. Department of Education” — and that’s accurate. Project 2025 says federal education policy “should be limited and, ultimately, the federal Department of Education should be eliminated.” The plan scales back the federal government’s role in education policy and devolves the functions that remain to other agencies.
Aside from eliminating the department, the project also proposes scrapping the Biden administration’s Title IX revision, which prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. It also would let states opt out of federal education programs and calls for passing a federal parents’ bill of rights similar to ones passed in some Republican-led state legislatures.
Republicans, including Trump, have pledged to close the department, which gained its status in 1979 within Democratic President Jimmy Carter’s presidential Cabinet.
In one of his Agenda 47 policy videos, Trump promised to close the department and “to send all education work and needs back to the states.” Eliminating the department would have to go through Congress.
What Project 2025, Trump would do on overtime pay
In the graphic, the Harris campaign says Project 2025 allows “employers to stop paying workers for overtime work.”
The plan doesn’t call for banning overtime wages. It recommends changes to some Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, regulations and to overtime rules. Some changes, if enacted, could result in some people losing overtime protections, experts told us.
The document proposes that the Labor Department maintain an overtime threshold “that does not punish businesses in lower-cost regions (e.g., the southeast United States).” This threshold is the amount of money executive, administrative or professional employees need to make for an employer to exempt them from overtime pay under the Fair Labor Standards Act.
In 2019, the Trump’s administration finalized a rule that expanded overtime pay eligibility to most salaried workers earning less than about $35,568, which it said made about 1.3 million more workers eligible for overtime pay. The Trump-era threshold is high enough to cover most line workers in lower-cost regions, Project 2025 said.
The Biden administration raised that threshold to $43,888 beginning July 1, and that will rise to $58,656 on Jan. 1, 2025. That would grant overtime eligibility to about 4 million workers, the Labor Department said.
It’s unclear how many workers Project 2025’s proposal to return to the Trump-era overtime threshold in some parts of the country would affect, but experts said some would presumably lose the right to overtime wages.
Other overtime proposals in Project 2025’s plan include allowing some workers to choose to accumulate paid time off instead of overtime pay, or to work more hours in one week and fewer in the next, rather than receive overtime.
Trump’s past with overtime pay is complicated. In 2016, the Obama administration said it would raise the overtime to salaried workers earning less than $47,476 a year, about double the exemption level set in 2004 of $23,660 a year.
But when a judge blocked the Obama rule, the Trump administration didn’t challenge the court ruling. Instead it set its own overtime threshold, which raised the amount, but by less than Obama.
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How do you deal with stress? In Nigeria, swinging a sledgehammer in a 'rage room' helps
by CHINEDU ASADU and DAN IKPOYI
How do you deal with stress? In Lagos, Nigeria's largest city, people are finding their reset button in a "rage room" where they pay to smash electronics and furniture with a sledgehammer as a break from the worst cost-of-living crisis in a generation.
The Shadow Rage Room, apparently the first of its kind in Nigeria, offers "a safe space" for people to let out pent-up emotions, according to Dr. James Babajide Banjoko, the founder and a physician. The idea, he said, came during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 after he lost his mother and struggled with work.
For 7,500 naira ($5), customers are left alone with protective gear and a sledgehammer or bat in a room for a 30-minute session with the items that are later recycled.
Times are tough in Nigeria, a country of over 200 million people where growing frustration among youths led to recent mass protests in which several people were killed by security forces. The inflation rate has reached a 28-year-high of 33.4%, while the naira currency has fallen to record lows against the dollar.
Mental health services remain foreign or unaffordable for many in Africa's most populous country, where 40% of citizens live below $2 per day.
The West African nation has fewer than 400 registered psychologists, according to the Nigerian Association of Clinical Psychologists. That means one psychologist for about every half a million people.
Even when therapy is available, stigma remains a challenge, NACP president Gboyega Emmanuel Abikoye said in an interview.
Rage rooms aren't necessarily new in other parts of the world. There is no documented evidence of their mental health benefits beyond the momentary relief that comes with venting your feelings, Abikoye said.
Experts in Nigeria instead see a growing need for more long-term emotional support , especially among young people .
In Lagos, an overcrowded city of about 20 million people and a magnet for those seeking better opportunities , such needs are even more pronounced. Daily stressors include traffic jams notorious for trapping drivers and passengers on streets for hours in heat and smog in one of the world's most polluted cities.
Some Nigerians have turned to social media platforms like Tiktok as a way to cope with stress. Some find support in communities wherever they can, from the church or mosque to the gym.
And now there's the rage room, which opens on weekends and is usually fully booked up to two weeks ahead, according to Banjoko, the founder.
At the end of one session of smashing, Olaribigbe Akeem, a recent visitor, came out sweating but relieved and visibly happy.
"As an average Nigerian, you get to deal with a lot every day," Akeem said. "The anger has been piling up (and) instead of venting on somebody, this is the best avenue for me, and I feel a lot renewed."
Rage room visitors also include couples who want to get something off their chest.
At times, people come in for recreation but find something more.
"My favorite people are those that … just want to try it, and at the end of the day, you see them, they break down, they cry, they become very expressive," Banjoko said. He said he often refers them to therapy.
Dr. Maymunah Yusuf Kadiri, a Lagos-based psychiatrist, said any benefit from smashing things is usually short-lived and can't be a replacement for therapy.
There is also the risk of such a practice making someone less likely to use "healthy coping strategies," she said, and expressed concern that "repeated engagement … might reinforce aggressive tendencies."
At the rage room, some customers said their problems feel lighter only until they leave and re-enter daily life .
But being vulnerable with yourself while inside, sledgehammer in hand, is still worth it, said Eka Stephanie Paul, an actor and TV host.
"Problem no dey finish anyway," she said in the pidgin widely spoken across Nigeria, acknowledging that the rage room is hardly a cure. "But right now, I feel very light."
© 2024 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without permission.
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IMAGES
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This list of electronics research paper topics provides the list of 30 potential topics for research papers and an overview article on the history of electronics. 1. Applications of Superconductivity. The 1986 Applied Superconductivity Conference proclaimed, ''Applied superconductivity has come of age.''. The claim reflected only 25 ...
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R2 and R3 are noiseless. and V1 = (4*k*T*R1*B) if C1 was not in the circuit, it would be possible to use the following equation and calculate the output noise voltage. V0 = R3*V1/ (R1 + R2 + R3 ...
He was also Director of Centre for Distance & Open Learning (CDOL), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi. His research area includes microwave and communication engineering. He has guided several Ph.D. students and authored and co-authored more than 50 research papers in peer-reviewed, international journals.
This book comprises select proceedings of the International Conference on VLSI, Communication and Signal processing (VCAS 2020). The contents are broadly divided into three topics - VLSI, Communication, and Signal Processing. The book focuses on the latest innovations, trends, and challenges encountered in the different areas of electronics ...
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List of Topics. SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (SSRG - IJECE) - is a journal that publishes articles that contribute new novel experimentation and theoretical work in all electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high-quality papers on ...
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Here is a curated list of the top 100 Technical Seminar topics for Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE) and a brief introduction to each subject. ... the key features and potential applications of the sixth generation of wireless communication technology. Related: ... addition to this information, you should research before ...
Recent PhD Research Topic Ideas for Electronic Engineering 2020. Exclusive for scholars pursuing their PhD in Electronics and Communication Engineering with base papers (peer-reviewed articles) Enhancement in wireless body application for the deployment of a Human Body Phantom Model. Examination of CoAP with the DTLS Protocol in the ...
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This book is designed for the Electronics and Communication Engineering students. All the concepts are explained in a simple manner and many problems are worked under each topic. Neat and clear ...
Matlab or Simulink. NS 2 or NS 3. The aforementioned are some of the simulation tools used in electronics and communication engineering. As our researchers concentrated on the student's welfare, we wanted to explain at least one of the listed simulation tools for paving your understanding better.
Techsparks offer thesis and research help in electronics and communication (ECE). You can contact us on this number +91-9465330425 or email us at [email protected] for any help in all the latest topics in electronics and communication. You can also fill the query form on the website. There are many trending topics in electronics and ...
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Advanced VLSI and Embedded Systems. Computer and AI Communication. Biomedical Electronics and Optoelectronics. RFID, Zigbee and Radio Receiver Technology. Multi and Micro Grid Design. Wearable and Mobile Devices. PhD Research Topics in Electronics and Communication has a strong trust in the magic of new study works.
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