adopting an endangered animal essay

Essay on Endangered Species

Introduction to Endangered Species

“Endangered species” refers to organisms at risk of extinction due to declining populations and severe threats to their survival.

In the grand theater of Earth’s biodiversity , a cast of characters is so rare and precious that their presence adds a mystical allure to our planet’s narrative. From the elusive vaquita, the world’s smallest porpoise, to the majestic snow leopard, these creatures captivate our imaginations with their beauty and resilience. Yet, beneath their enchanting facade, a stark reality lies – their populations are dwindling at an alarming rate, making them endangered. As stewards of this magnificent stage, it is our solemn duty to protect these species, for their loss would not only dim the brilliance of our world but unravel the intricate threads of life itself.

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World’s Most Endangered Animals

Here’s a list represents a snapshot of some of the most critically endangered animals facing extinction,

The Significance of Endangered Species

Endangered species, in particular, hold immense significance for both the natural world and human society. Understanding their importance is essential for recognizing the urgency of conservation efforts. Here are several key reasons why endangered species matter:

• Biodiversity Maintenance: Endangered species represent the culmination of millions of years of evolution, each finely tuned to its specific ecological niche. They contribute to the rich tapestry of biodiversity, ensuring ecosystem balance and functionality. Losing even a single species can disrupt intricate food webs, leading to cascading effects on other organisms.
• Ecological Services: Endangered species often provide invaluable ecological services for human well-being. For example, pollinators like bees and butterflies help plants reproduce, which is important for many human foods. Predators help regulate prey populations, preventing overgrazing and maintaining ecosystem health.
• Genetic Diversity: Endangered species harbor unique genetic traits and adaptations that may be key to future medicine, agriculture , and industry innovations. By conserving genetic diversity within species, we preserve the potential for future scientific discoveries and technological advancements.
• Cultural and Aesthetic Value: Many endangered species hold cultural significance for indigenous communities and societies worldwide. They feature prominently in folklore, rituals, and traditions, embodying spiritual connections to the natural world. Additionally, their beauty and uniqueness inspire awe and wonder, enriching human experiences and fostering a sense of stewardship for the natural world.
• Economic Benefits: Endangered species contribute to local and global economies through ecotourism, recreational activities, and bioprospecting. Protected areas that harbor rare and endangered species attract visitors, generating revenue for local communities and supporting conservation efforts. Furthermore, natural products derived from endangered species, such as medicinal plants, have economic value and potential for sustainable use.

Causes of Endangerment

The plight of endangered species is often a result of various anthropogenic and natural factors that undermine their survival. Understanding these causes is paramount to formulating effective conservation strategies. Here are some of the primary contributors to the endangerment of species:

• Habitat Loss and Degradation: The relentless expansion of human activities, including agriculture, urbanization, logging, and infrastructure development, has led to widespread destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats. As habitats shrink, species lose crucial resources such as food, shelter, and breeding grounds, pushing them toward extinction.
• Exploitation and Overharvesting: Unsustainable exploitation of natural resources , including hunting, fishing, and logging, has decimated many species’ populations. The poaching of famous animals like tigers , rhinos, and elephants for the illicit wildlife trade is still a serious threat to their survival. Similarly, overfishing has depleted marine species, disrupting marine ecosystems.
• Climate Change: The biodiversity is facing an existential threat due to the swift rate of climate change . Rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events disrupt ecosystems and alter species distribution and abundance. Numerous species experience population decreases and local extinctions because they cannot travel or adapt to suitable environments.
• Pollution: Pollution in various forms, including habitat contamination, chemical runoff, and air and water pollution , poses a significant threat to wildlife. Pesticides, heavy metals, plastics , and other pollutants accumulate in ecosystems, poisoning species and disrupting their physiology, reproduction, and behavior.
• Invasive Species: Introducing non-native species into ecosystems, intentionally or unintentionally, can have devastating consequences for native flora and fauna. Invasive species outcompete native species for resources, prey upon them, or introduce diseases, leading to population declines and ecosystem degradation.
• Disease: Emerging infectious diseases, exacerbated by habitat destruction, climate change, and wildlife trade, pose a significant threat to vulnerable species. Diseases like chytridiomycosis in amphibians and white-nose syndrome in bats have caused widespread declines and extinctions in affected populations.
• Human-Wildlife Conflict: Conflicts between humans and wildlife escalate as human populations expand into wildlife habitats. Competition for resources, livestock depredation, and retaliatory killings of problem animals exacerbate the threats faced by endangered species, huge carnivores, and conflict-prone species.

Impacts of Endangered Species Loss

The loss of endangered species reverberates through ecosystems, economies , and societies, triggering a cascade of far-reaching impacts that underscore the interconnectedness of life on Earth. Exploring these impacts in detail reveals the profound consequences of species extinction:

1. Ecological Disruption

• Food Web Imbalance: Endangered species often occupy unique ecological niches, playing critical roles in maintaining the balance of food webs. Their disappearance can lead to population explosions of prey species or unchecked growth of invasive species, disrupting ecosystem dynamics.
• Habitat Degradation: Many endangered species are habitat specialists, relying on specific environments for survival. Their decline or extinction can signal habitat degradation or loss, exacerbating ecosystem fragmentation and reducing overall biodiversity.

2. Loss of Ecosystem Services

• Pollination and Seed Dispersal: Endangered pollinators and seed dispersers are essential for the reproduction of plant species and the regeneration of forests. Their decline threatens agricultural productivity, food security, and the resilience of natural ecosystems.
• Carbon Sequestration: Endangered species, including trees and marine organisms, play a vital role in carbon sequestration by using photosynthesis and storing carbon in biomass and soil. Their loss diminishes the capacity of ecosystems to mitigate climate change and adapt to rising carbon dioxide levels.

3. Economic Repercussions

• Decline in Tourism Revenue: Endangered species are often flagship species, attracting tourists and wildlife enthusiasts to ecotourism destinations. Their disappearance can lead to declining tourism revenue, negatively impacting local economies dependent on nature-based tourism.
• Loss of Ecosystem Services: Ecosystem services provided by endangered species, such as water purification, soil stabilization, and flood regulation, have tangible economic value. Their loss may necessitate costly human interventions to replicate these services artificially.

4. Human Health Implications

• Medicinal Resources: Endangered species are potential novel pharmaceutical compounds and substance sources. Their extinction would result in the loss of possible cures for diseases and ailments, hindering medical research and drug discovery efforts.
• Ecological Resilience: Healthy ecosystems, sustained by diverse and abundant species, provide critical ecosystem services that support human health and well-being. The loss of endangered species diminishes ecosystem resilience, increasing vulnerability to environmental stressors and disease outbreaks.

5. Ethical and Cultural Considerations

• Moral Responsibility: Humans, as planet stewards, have a moral obligation to safeguard and preserve biodiversity for future generations. Allowing endangered species to go extinct represents a failure to uphold this responsibility and a disregard for the intrinsic value of life.
• Cultural Heritage: Endangered species hold cultural significance for indigenous communities. They symbolize cultural identity, traditional knowledge, and a spiritual connection to the natural world. Their loss erodes cultural diversity and threatens traditional ways of life.

Challenges and Obstacles

Addressing the conservation of endangered species is fraught with numerous challenges and obstacles stemming from diverse sources ranging from human activities to systemic limitations. Having a thorough understanding of these obstacles is essential to coming up with workable solutions:

• Habitat Loss and Fragmentation: Rapid urbanization , agricultural expansion, and industrial development continue encroaching upon natural habitats, fragmenting ecosystems and reducing the available habitat for endangered species. Deforestation, land conversion, and infrastructure projects further exacerbate habitat loss, making establishing and maintaining viable populations of endangered species increasingly challenging.
• Human-Wildlife Conflict: Conflicts between humans and endangered species escalate as human populations expand and encroach upon wildlife habitats. Crop raiding, property damage, and livestock depredation fuel negative attitudes toward conservation efforts. Mitigating human-wildlife conflict requires innovative strategies such as habitat restoration, conflict resolution programs, and community-based conservation initiatives that balance the needs of both humans and wildlife.
• Poaching and Illegal Trade: Poachers and wildlife traffickers target endangered species for their valuable parts, including tusks, horns, fur, and organs. The illegal trade in wildlife items seriously threatens numerous species, pushing them into extinction. Strengthening law enforcement, enhancing anti-poaching measures, and reducing consumer demand for wildlife products are essential to combating poaching and illegal trade.
• Climate Change: Climate change increases the risks that already confront endangered species by disrupting ecosystems, altering habitats, and increasing the frequency and severity of extreme weather events. Species with limited mobility or specialized habitat requirements are particularly vulnerable. Adaptation strategies, habitat restoration, and landscape connectivity initiatives can help endangered species cope with climate change’s impacts, but concerted global efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions are essential for long-term conservation success.
• Limited Resources and Funding: Inadequate funding, limited resources, and competing priorities often hamper conservation efforts. Conservation organizations and government agencies face challenges in securing sufficient financial support for conservation projects and initiatives. Innovative financing mechanisms, public-private partnerships, and philanthropic investments can help bridge funding gaps and leverage resources for endangered species conservation.
• Lack of Political Will and Policy Implementation: Despite international agreements and conservation policies, enforcing and implementing regulations to protect endangered species are often inadequate. Political will and commitment to conservation may vary among governments, hindering effective conservation action. Advocacy efforts, public pressure, and diplomatic engagement are essential for holding governments accountable and enforcing conservation laws and policies.
• Inadequate Scientific Knowledge and Data: Limited scientific knowledge and data gaps hinder conservation efforts by impeding our understanding of species biology, population dynamics, and ecological requirements. Incomplete information may lead to ineffective management strategies and conservation interventions. Investing in scientific research, monitoring programs, and data collection initiatives is essential for improving our understanding of endangered species and informing evidence-based conservation decision-making.

The Role of Individuals

Individuals play a pivotal role in conserving endangered species and catalyzing positive change at the grassroots level. By recognizing their capacity to make a difference and taking action in various ways, individuals can contribute significantly to efforts aimed at safeguarding biodiversity. Here are several key roles individuals can play in endangered species conservation:

• Raising Awareness: Individuals can raise awareness about the plight of endangered species by sharing information with their communities, networks, and social media platforms. By educating others about the importance of biodiversity and the threats facing endangered species, individuals can inspire collective action and foster a culture of conservation.
• Supporting Conservation Organizations: Individuals can financially support conservation organizations through donations, memberships, and fundraising events. By contributing to reputable conservation groups protecting endangered species, they can help fund vital research, habitat restoration projects, and on-the-ground conservation efforts.
• Advocacy and Policy Engagement: Individuals can advocate for stronger environmental policies and legislation to protect endangered species and their habitats. Individuals can amplify their voices and influence local, national, and international decision-making processes by writing letters to policymakers, signing petitions, and participating in advocacy campaigns.
• Promoting Sustainable Practices: Individuals can adopt sustainable lifestyle choices and encourage others to do the same. By reducing their ecological footprint, practicing responsible consumption, and supporting sustainable businesses, individuals can help minimize habitat destruction, pollution, and other threats to endangered species and their habitats.
• Participating in Citizen Science: Individuals can contribute valuable data to conservation efforts through citizen science initiatives. By participating in wildlife surveys, monitoring programs, and habitat restoration projects, individuals can provide scientists and conservationists with useful information to better understand and protect endangered species.
• Engaging in Ecotourism and Responsible Travel: Individuals can support conservation efforts through ecotourism and responsible travel practices. By visiting protected areas, wildlife reserves, and eco-friendly destinations, individuals can generate revenue for local communities and conservation initiatives while promoting the conservation of endangered species and their habitats.
• Inspiring Future Generations: Individuals can inspire and educate future generations about the importance of endangered species conservation. By engaging children and young people in outdoor activities, environmental education programs, and conservation initiatives, individuals can instill a lifelong appreciation for nature and a sense of stewardship for the planet.

Success Stories in Endangered Species Recovery

Despite the daunting challenges facing endangered species, notable success stories have demonstrated the effectiveness of conservation efforts. These stories provide hope and inspiration, highlighting nature’s resilience and the positive outcomes achievable through dedicated conservation initiatives. Here are several success stories in endangered species recovery:

1. California Condor Recovery Program

• Background: In the late 20th century, the California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) was threatened with extinction due to habitat degradation, lead poisoning, and poaching. By the 1980s, the population had plummeted to just 22 individuals, prompting a collaborative effort to save the species from extinction.
• Conservation Strategies: The California Condor Recovery Program, a partnership between government agencies, conservation organizations, and zoos, implemented a comprehensive conservation strategy. This included captive breeding, habitat protection, lead poisoning mitigation, and public education initiatives.
• Key Achievements: The California condor population has rebounded significantly through decades of dedicated conservation efforts. As of [latest year], there are over 500 condors, with approximately half living in the wild across California, Arizona, Utah, and Baja California, Mexico. Successful captive breeding programs have increased population numbers and genetic diversity.
• Lessons Learned: The California condor recovery program underscores the importance of collaborative partnerships, adaptive management strategies, and long-term commitment to species recovery. It also highlights the effectiveness of captive breeding as a conservation tool for critically endangered species facing imminent extinction threats.

2. Black-footed Ferret Reintroduction Program

• Background: By the late 20th century, habitat loss and the decline of its primary prey, prairie dogs, led to the belief that the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) had become extinct in the wild. The discovery of a small ferret population in Wyoming in 1981 led to intense conservation efforts to preserve the species.
• Conservation Strategies: The Black-footed Ferret Reintroduction Program, led by federal and state agencies, conservation organizations, and private landowners, focused on captive breeding, habitat restoration, and reintroduction efforts. Conservationists worked to establish viable populations of black-footed ferrets in their historic range across the Great Plains.
• Key Achievements: Through coordinated efforts, multiple stakeholders have successfully reintroduced black-footed ferret populations to several sites across North America. As of [latest year], over 1,000 black-footed ferrets live in the wild, and efforts are ongoing to expand their range and ensure genetic diversity.
• Lessons Learned: The black-footed ferret recovery program highlights the importance of adaptive management, landscape-scale conservation planning, and collaboration with landowners and stakeholders. It also emphasizes the value of engaging local communities in conservation efforts and addressing the underlying threats to species recovery, such as habitat loss and fragmentation.

3. Giant Panda Conservation Efforts

• Background: The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an iconic symbol of wildlife conservation , facing threats from habitat loss, fragmentation, and poaching. By the late 20th century, the wild population had dwindled to a few hundred individuals, prompting international conservation efforts to save the species.
• Conservation Strategies: Giant panda conservation efforts have focused on habitat protection, captive breeding, and community-based conservation initiatives. Local communities, governmental entities, and conservation groups have created protected areas, replanted bamboo forests, and launched public awareness and education initiatives.
• Key Achievements: The giant panda population has rebounded thanks to decades of concerted conservation efforts, with the latest estimates indicating over 1,800 individuals in the wild. Captive breeding programs have also been successful, with pandas reintroduced to the wild in select areas. As a result of the giant panda’s recovery, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) reduced the species’ status from “endangered” to “vulnerable” in 2016.
• Lessons Learned: The giant panda conservation success story highlights the importance of integrated conservation approaches, long-term commitment, and international collaboration. It also demonstrates the value of flagship species in raising awareness and mobilizing support for broader conservation efforts aimed at protecting entire ecosystems and biodiversity hotspots.

Preserving endangered species is not merely a conservation imperative but a moral responsibility to safeguard biodiversity. We can ensure that these amazing animals and their ecosystems survive by addressing the underlying issues and implementing effective conservation measures. Each success story in species recovery serves as a beacon of hope, demonstrating the potential for positive change when individuals, communities, and governments unite in the cause of conservation. As stewards of the planet, we must protect and cherish these vulnerable species, ensuring a future where all life thrives in harmony with nature.

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How Symbolically Adopting Wildlife Helps Endangered Species

• February 7, 2024
• No Comments
• endangered species act , environment , wildlife
• Endangered Species Act

Article by: Jane Marsh, Editor-in-Chief of Environment.co .

Imagine rolling over and waking up next to your purring Bengal tiger. Well, wild animals don’t make the best domestic pets — but you can still adopt one symbolically. Symbolically adopting wildlife benefits numerous endangered species and aids scientists’ efforts to protect them.

If you’re wondering what a symbolic wildlife adoption looks like, here’s an overview of the benefits and ways your contribution can make a difference. 

What Is Symbolic Wildlife Adoption?

A symbolic adoption is a charitable donation supporting scientific research, habitat restoration and species conservation. Essentially, your adoption will benefit many animals with a given species population.  

Often, the charity will send a photograph of your animal, a fact sheet and an adoption certificate when you donate. Some also provide updates on the well-being of your animal. 

According to a recent LendingTree study, 32% of Americans donated to wildlife conservation charities in 2021. Generation Z and millennials led animal-related philanthropy, mainly through social media.

Platforms like Instagram and Facebook have driven awareness of wildlife issues. Nearly 15.6% of donors feel compelled to donate when they come across a cause while scrolling through their feeds.

How Symbolic Adoption Benefits Endangered Species

Regardless of how or why you donate, your contribution matters. A symbolic adoption gives a voice to those who can’t speak for themselves. Here are three ways your donation benefits endangered species.

Raises Awareness

Symbolically adopting wildlife fosters a personal connection to an animal and raises awareness of critical threats and species endangerment. For instance, you may feel inclined to share your wildlife adoption with others, helping spread information through ordinary conversations. 

It is also easy to raise awareness through social media posts. Sharing your wildlife adoption content with the masses can spark interest and lead others to take action. 

Funds Conservation Efforts

Your symbolic adoption helps fund cutting-edge research and conservation to save endangered species. The National Autonomous University in Mexico is just one example of a recent Adoptaxolotl campaign aimed at protecting the native axolotl. 

In 2022, Adoptaxotol funded $26,300 for a captive breeding and habitat restoration program in Xochimilco. Scientists believe there are less than 1,000 axolotls left in Mexico. Whereas 6,000 used to roam every square kilometer, you can now only find about 36. 

Encourages Ecosystem Protection

Habitat restoration is critical for ensuring the longevity of endangered species. Symbolic adoption funds may apply to land purchases and restoration of vital ecosystems. 

Additionally, conservationists use the money to involve local communities in sustainability efforts and wildlife protection. Some funding may also go towards land surveillance, technology and patrolling to fight poaching on protected land. 

Endangered Species at an All-Time High

The International Union of Conservation Network’s Red List includes 150,388 plant and wildlife species globally, with 42,108 on the verge of extinction. 

The outlook appears especially grim amid the current trajectory of climate change. A 2022 study showed 26.7% of species going extinct by the end of the century in a worst-case climate scenario.

A healthy planet relies on its many flora and fauna. A failing species signals the fall of an ecosystem. Meanwhile, one extinct species could be the beginning of another species going extinct. 

Humans also require healthy ecosystems and their many services. Conserving all living things is in everyone’s best social, economic and health-related interest. 

How to Symbolically Adopt Wildlife Safely

You may have seen a commercial for adopting wildlife symbolically and wondered if it was a legitimate charity. No one would fault you for raising concerns, as many fraudulent charities exist. Likewise, you could be questioning how much of an impact your contribution will have on species protection.

Some things to consider before symbolically adopting wildlife include the following:

• Transparency about fund allocations — some charities spend more money on administrative costs than species conservation.
• The actual cost of protecting a species.
• Whether the charity commodifies wildlife for financial gain.
• Misleading messaging.

The best way to ensure your symbolic adoption makes a real difference is to evaluate each charity thoroughly — this means researching criticisms and controversies surrounding the campaign. Organizations like Charity Navigator can also help you evaluate the quality of various non-profits.

Sometimes it’s best to directly contribute to a reputable conservation organization where you can rest assured your money gets used properly. 

Likewise, you can also volunteer or advocate for a cause as an alternative. 

Symbolic Adoption Supports Wildlife Protection

Symbolic wildlife adoption is an excellent starting point for someone new to conservation-related philanthropy. Although you may have less control over the funds’ use, you can still positively impact a species if you do your research first.

If you’re looking to symbolically adopt an animal, consider adopting a gray wolf , as they have recently lost protections under the Endangered Species Act and need urgent help to protect them from hunting and trapping in Idaho and Montana.

Symbolically Adopt a Gray Wolf

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Home — Essay Samples — Environment — Human Impact — Endangered Species

Essays on Endangered Species

Endangered species essay topics and outline examples, essay title 1: vanishing wonders: the plight of endangered species and conservation efforts.

Thesis Statement: This essay explores the critical issue of endangered species, delving into the causes of endangerment, the ecological significance of these species, and the conservation strategies aimed at preserving them for future generations.

• Introduction
• Understanding Endangered Species: Definitions and Criteria
• Causes of Endangerment: Habitat Loss, Climate Change, Poaching, and Pollution
• Ecological Significance: The Role of Endangered Species in Ecosystems
• Conservation Strategies: Protected Areas, Breeding Programs, and Legal Protections
• Success Stories: Examples of Species Recovery and Reintroduction
• Ongoing Challenges: Balancing Conservation with Human Needs
• Conclusion: The Urgent Need for Global Action in Protecting Endangered Species

Essay Title 2: Beyond the Numbers: The Ethical and Moral Imperatives of Endangered Species Preservation

Thesis Statement: This essay examines the ethical dimensions of endangered species preservation, addressing questions of human responsibility, intrinsic value, and the moral imperative to protect and restore these species.

• The Ethical Dilemma: Balancing Human Needs and Species Preservation
• Intrinsic Value: Recognizing the Inherent Worth of All Species
• Interconnectedness: Understanding the Ripple Effects of Species Loss
• Human Responsibility: The Moral Imperative to Protect Endangered Species
• Conservation Ethics: Ethical Frameworks and Philosophical Perspectives
• Legislation and International Agreements: Legal Approaches to Ethical Conservation
• Conclusion: Embracing Our Role as Stewards of Biodiversity

Essay Title 3: The Economic Value of Biodiversity: Endangered Species and Sustainable Development

Thesis Statement: This essay explores the economic aspects of endangered species conservation, highlighting the potential economic benefits of preserving biodiversity, sustainable ecotourism, and the long-term economic consequences of species loss.

• Economic Importance of Biodiversity: Ecosystem Services and Human Well-being
• Sustainable Ecotourism: How Endangered Species Can Drive Local Economies
• Case Studies: Success Stories of Economic Benefits from Species Conservation
• The Costs of Inaction: Economic Consequences of Species Extinction
• Corporate Responsibility: Businesses and Conservation Partnerships
• Balancing Economic Growth with Conservation: The Path to Sustainable Development
• Conclusion: The Interplay Between Biodiversity, Economics, and a Sustainable Future

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Endangered Species: The African Elephant

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De-extinction Can Help to Protect Endangered Species

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Endangered species are living organisms that face a high risk of extinction in the near future. They are characterized by dwindling population numbers and a significant decline in their natural habitats. These species are vulnerable to various factors, including habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, overexploitation, and invasive species, which disrupt their ecological balance and threaten their survival.

The early stages of human civilization witnessed a relatively harmonious coexistence with the natural world. Indigenous cultures across the globe held deep reverence for the interconnectedness of all living beings, fostering a sense of stewardship and respect for the environment. Nevertheless, with the rise of industrialization and modernization, the exploitation of natural resources escalated at an unprecedented pace. The late 19th and early 20th centuries marked a turning point, as rapid urbanization, deforestation, pollution, and overhunting posed significant threats to numerous species. The dawn of globalization further accelerated these challenges, as international trade in exotic species intensified and habitats faced relentless encroachment. In response to this growing concern, conservation movements emerged worldwide. Influential figures such as John Muir, Rachel Carson, and Aldo Leopold championed the cause of environmental preservation, raising awareness about the fragility of ecosystems and the need for proactive measures. International conventions and treaties, such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), were established to regulate and monitor the trade of endangered species across borders. As our understanding of ecological dynamics deepened, scientific advancements and conservation efforts gained momentum. Endangered species recovery programs, habitat restoration initiatives, and the establishment of protected areas have all played a vital role in safeguarding vulnerable populations. However, the struggle to protect endangered species continues in the face of ongoing challenges. Climate change, habitat destruction, poaching, and illegal wildlife trade persist as formidable threats. Efforts to conserve endangered species require a multi-faceted approach, encompassing scientific research, policy development, sustainable practices, and international collaboration.

Leonardo DiCaprio: An acclaimed actor and environmental activist, DiCaprio has been an outspoken advocate for wildlife conservation. Through the Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation, he has supported various initiatives aimed at protecting endangered species and their habitats. Sigourney Weaver: Besides her notable acting career, Sigourney Weaver has been a passionate environmental activist. She has advocated for the protection of endangered species, particularly in her role as an honorary co-chair of the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund. Prince William: The Duke of Cambridge, Prince William, has shown a deep commitment to wildlife conservation. He has actively supported initiatives such as United for Wildlife, which aims to combat the illegal wildlife trade and protect endangered species. Edward Norton: Actor and environmental activist Edward Norton has been actively involved in various conservation efforts. He co-founded the Conservation International's Marine Program and has been vocal about the need to protect endangered species and their habitats.

Amur Leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) Javan Rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus) Vaquita (Phocoena sinus) Cross River Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli) Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) Yangtze River Dolphin (Lipotes vexillifer) Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) African Elephant (Loxodonta africana)

1. Habitat Loss and Fragmentation 2. Climate Change 3. Pollution 4. Overexploitation and Illegal Wildlife Trade 5. Invasive Species 6. Disease and Pathogens 7. Lack of Conservation Efforts and Awareness 8. Genetic Issues 9. Natural Factors

The majority of the public recognizes the significance of conserving endangered species. Many people believe that it is our moral obligation to protect and preserve the Earth's diverse wildlife. They understand that losing species not only disrupts ecosystems but also deprives future generations of the natural beauty and ecological services they provide. Some individuals view endangered species conservation through an economic lens. They understand that wildlife and ecosystems contribute to tourism, provide ecosystem services like clean water and air, and support local economies. These economic arguments often align with conservation efforts, highlighting the potential benefits of protecting endangered species. Additionally, public opinion on endangered species is often shaped by awareness campaigns, education initiatives, and media coverage. Increased access to information about the threats faced by endangered species and the consequences of their decline has resulted in a greater understanding and concern among the public. Many people support the implementation and enforcement of laws and regulations aimed at protecting endangered species. They believe that legal frameworks are essential for ensuring the survival of vulnerable species and holding individuals and industries accountable for actions that harm wildlife. Moreover, individuals increasingly feel a sense of personal responsibility in addressing the issue of endangered species. This includes making conscious choices about consumption, supporting sustainable practices, and engaging in activities that contribute to conservation efforts, such as volunteering or donating to wildlife organizations. Public opinion can vary when it comes to instances where the protection of endangered species conflicts with human interests, such as land use, agriculture, or development projects. These situations can lead to debates and differing perspectives on how to balance conservation needs with other societal needs.

"Silent Spring" by Rachel Carson: Published in 1962, this influential book is credited with launching the modern environmental movement. Carson's seminal work highlighted the devastating impacts of pesticides, including their effects on wildlife and the environment. It drew attention to the need for conservation and sparked widespread concern for endangered species. "Gorillas in the Mist" by Dian Fossey: Fossey's book, published in 1983, chronicled her experiences studying and protecting mountain gorillas in Rwanda. It shed light on the challenges faced by these endangered primates and brought their conservation needs to the forefront of public consciousness. "March of the Penguins" (2005): This acclaimed documentary film depicted the annual journey of emperor penguins in Antarctica. By showcasing the hardships and perils these penguins face, the film garnered widespread attention and empathy for these remarkable creatures, raising awareness about their vulnerability and the impacts of climate change. "The Cove" (2009): This documentary exposed the brutal practice of dolphin hunting in Taiji, Japan. It not only brought attention to the mistreatment of dolphins but also highlighted the interconnectedness of species and the urgent need for their protection. "Racing Extinction" (2015): This documentary film by the Oceanic Preservation Society addressed the issue of mass species extinction and the human-driven factors contributing to it. It aimed to inspire viewers to take action and make positive changes to protect endangered species and their habitats.

1. It is estimated that around 26,000 species are currently threatened with extinction, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 2. The illegal wildlife trade is the fourth largest illegal trade globally, following drugs, counterfeiting, and human trafficking. It is a significant contributor to species endangerment. 3. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) reports that since 1970, global wildlife populations have declined by an average of 68%. 4. Habitat loss is the primary cause of species endangerment, with deforestation alone accounting for the loss of around 18.7 million acres of forest annually. 5. The poaching crisis has pushed some iconic species to the brink of extinction. For example, it is estimated that only about 3,900 tigers remain in the wild. 6. The Hawaiian Islands are considered the endangered species capital of the world, with more than 500 endangered or threatened species due to habitat loss and invasive species. 7. Coral reefs, one of the most diverse ecosystems on the planet, are under significant threat. It is estimated that 75% of the world's coral reefs are currently threatened, primarily due to climate change, pollution, and overfishing. 8. The illegal pet trade is a significant threat to many species. It is estimated that for every live animal captured for the pet trade, several die during capture or transport. 9. The IUCN Red List, a comprehensive inventory of the conservation status of species, currently includes more than 38,000 species, with approximately 28% of them classified as threatened with extinction.

The topic of endangered species holds immense importance for writing an essay due to several compelling reasons. Firstly, endangered species represent a vital component of the Earth's biodiversity, playing crucial roles in maintaining ecosystem balance and functioning. Exploring this topic allows us to understand the interconnectedness of species and their habitats, emphasizing the intricate web of life on our planet. Secondly, the issue of endangered species is a direct reflection of human impacts on the environment. It brings attention to the consequences of habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, and unsustainable practices. By studying this topic, we can delve into the root causes of species endangerment and contemplate the ethical and moral dimensions of our responsibility towards other living beings. Moreover, the plight of endangered species evokes strong emotional responses, prompting discussions on the intrinsic value of nature and our duty to conserve it for future generations. Writing about endangered species enables us to raise awareness, foster empathy, and advocate for sustainable practices and conservation initiatives.

1. Dudley, N., & Stolton, S. (Eds.). (2010). Arguments for protected areas: Multiple benefits for conservation and use. Earthscan. 2. Fearn, E., & Butler, C. D. (Eds.). (2019). Routledge handbook of eco-anxiety. Routledge. 3. Groombridge, B., & Jenkins, M. D. (2002). World atlas of biodiversity: Earth's living resources in the 21st century. University of California Press. 4. Hoekstra, J. M., Boucher, T. M., Ricketts, T. H., & Roberts, C. (2005). Confronting a biome crisis: Global disparities of habitat loss and protection. Ecology Letters, 8(1), 23-29. 5. Kiesecker, J. M., & Copeland, H. E. (Eds.). (2018). The biogeography of endangered species: Patterns and applications. Island Press. 6. Laurance, W. F., Sayer, J., & Cassman, K. G. (2014). Agricultural expansion and its impacts on tropical nature. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 29(2), 107-116. 7. Meffe, G. K., & Carroll, C. R. (Eds.). (1997). Principles of conservation biology. Sinauer Associates. 8. Primack, R. B. (2014). Essentials of conservation biology. Sinauer Associates. 9. Soulé, M. E., & Terborgh, J. (Eds.). (1999). Continental conservation: Scientific foundations of regional reserve networks. Island Press. 10. Wilson, E. O. (2016). Half-earth: Our planet's fight for life. Liveright Publishing.

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Nowadays, more and more older people who need employment have to compete with younger people for the same jobs. What problems does this cause? What are the solutions?

You recently went on a trip with a friend and you both took some photographs. write a letter to your friend. in your letter: • ask your friend to send you a particular photograph • explain why you need that particular photograph • tell your friend what happened to your copy of it, today more and more tourist are visiting places where conditions are difficult, such as sahara or the antartic. discuss advantage and disadvantage for tourist who visit these places., some people say that arts subjects such as painting or drawing should not be made compulsory for high school students. to what extent do you agree or disagree, some people think that parents should teach their children how to be good members of society. others, however, believe that school is the best place to learn this. discuss both views and give your own opinion..

93 Endangered Species Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best endangered species topic ideas & essay examples, ⭐ good research topics about endangered species, 👍 simple & easy endangered species essay titles, ❓ research questions about endangered species.

• Vaquita – Endangered Species The vaquita looks like a star curved stocky porpoise and it is the smallest of all the porpoises in the world.
• Environment: Endangered Species Global warming also increases the risk of storms and drought, affecting food supply, which may cause death to both humans and animals.
• Javan Rhinos: Wildlife Trading of Endangered Animals Out of the five rhino species, Javan rhinoceros is the most threatened species despite being in the ecosystem for millions of years, playing a crucial role in shaping the landscape by its feeding style.
• Endangered Species: Modern Environmental Problem Some of the activities which cause danger to these species include the following; This refers to loss of a place to live for the animals and can also be expressed as the ecosystem or the […]
• Senegal River Delta: An Endangered Ecosystem According to Kotschoubey, the primary reason for the degradation of the area is the lack of water due to human activity.
• Ivory-Billed Woodpecker, Endangered Species Some laws that cover the endangered species have been declared controversial in the way they place the species in the lists and the criteria used when removing the animals from the lists.
• Irish Red Deer as an Endangered Species The red deer spends most of the time feeding and it has the ability of maintaining fat reserves to use during the winter season when there is scarcity of food. The color of the red […]
• The Santa Ana Sucker as an Endangered Organism The Santa Ana Sucker is one of the endangered fish species and it is found in the freshwaters of California. For instance, the International Union for Conservation of Nature listed the Santa Ana Sucker as […]
• Australia’s Endangered Diverse Marine Ecosystem Climate Change and population increase are becoming increasingly difficult to perceive distinctly, especially when the question is about the loss of a diverse marine environment.
• Can Cloning Technology Be Useful for Endangered Species? This is because animal cloning is popularly understood as the creation of a copy of another animal, much the same way as the capability to create twins but in the laboratory.
• Endangered Silverback Gorillas Central Africa is the only place where mountain gorillas can be found, and the area of concern is confined to about 780 square kilometers of medium altitude forests northwest of Rwanda, southwest of Uganda, and […]
• Endangered Species Act’s Effects on Real Estate S; the ability to obtain permits, entitlement, and approvals necessary for the development of real projects, and unexpected delays in the timing thereof; and implementation of laws as Endangered Species Act.
• Endangered Species Act for Ecosystem Management Despite the importance and significant impact of ESA, the policy is inherently flawed and remains criticized by experts who emphasize the need for an overhaul of the legislation. The ESA continues to function and serve […]
• Invasive and Endangered Species: Kudzu and Gopher Frog Kudzu was introduced from Asia in 1876 for fodder and prevention of soil erosion. It favors areas with ample sunlight and thrives in almost any type of soil.
• The Role of Zoos in Endangered Species Protection Adopting the endangered species requires the zoos to have sufficient funds to meet the needs of the animals and to maintain the facilities.
• Environmental Studies: Saving Endangered Species One of the major concerns of the XXI century, the shrinkage of the Atlantic Forest, will inevitably trigger the disappearance of an even greater number of species populations.
• The History of the Endangered Languages and the Ways of Their Preservation The aim of this report is to discuss the problem of the endangered languages preservation taking into account the historic and cultural conditions of their development as well as the impact of the modern time. […]
• Endangered Species Issue in the United States Thus, the extinction of wolves in our ecosystem will results in an increase in the ungulates population comprising of unhealthy and undesired preys. With more wolves in an ecosystem, the number of ungulates will reduce.
• Should the Endangered Species Act Be Strengthened? The main reasons why the endangered species act act should be strengthened in United States are the act is the only piece of legislation that is responsible for the protection of flora and fauna and […]
• The Ocean’s Rarest Mammal Vaquita – An Endangered Species The vaquita looks like a curved stocky porpoise, and it is the smallest of all the porpoises in the world. This is a matter of concern and ought to be investigated if the survival of […]
• Environmental Attitudes, Motivations, and Contingent Valuation of Nonuse Values: Endangered Species
• Irreversible Land Use and the Preservation of Endangered Species
• Service Providing Units, Existence Values, and the Valuation of Endangered Species
• Closing the Barn Door: Construction and Endangered Species Restrictions
• Engaging Fishers’ Ecological Knowledge for Endangered Species Conservation: Four Advantages to Emphasizing Voice in Participatory Action Research
• Public Preferences for Endangered Species Recovery: An Examination of Geospatial Scale and Non-market Values
• Endangered Species and Uncertainty: The Economics of a Safe Minimum Standard
• Keystone Species and the Importance of Raising Endangered Species Awareness
• Endangered Species and Natural Resource Exploitation: Extinction vs. Coexistence
• How Trophy Hunting Can Help Many Endangered Species
• Agricultural Water Security and Instream Flows for Endangered Species
• Endangered Species Conservation, Cultural, Economic, and Political Constraints
• Integrating Land Cover Modeling and Adaptive Management to Conserve Endangered Species and Reduce Catastrophic Fire Risk
• Funding and Support for People Responsible for Protecting Endangered Species
• Strategies for Improving the Cost-Effectiveness of Endangered Species Management
• Elephant Ivory and the Convention on International Trade In Endangered Species
• General Information About the Endangered Species Act in the United States of America
• Endangered Species and Environment: Human Moral Obligations
• Allocating Scarce Resources for Endangered Species Recovery
• Optimal Compensation for Endangered Species Protection Under Asymmetric Information
• Economic Growth and Threatened and Endangered Species
• Biodiversity and Endangered Species: Bald Eagle
• Takings, Compensation, and Endangered Species Protection on Private Lands
• Financial Issues and the Protection of Endangered Species
• Interspecies Management and Land Use Strategies to Protect Endangered Species
• Human Overpopulation and Its Effects on Endangered Species
• External Causes That Affect the Survival of Endangered Species
• Preemptive Habitat Destruction Under the Endangered Species Act
• Endangered Species: Keystone Law or Waste of Money
• Threatened Species and Endangered Species: What’s Different
• Charismatic Megafauna: How These Species Are Influencing the Endangered Species Act
• Black Rhino: Critically Endangered Species
• Allocating Conservation Resources Under the Endangered Species Act
• Horizontal Implementation, Divided Government, and Other Forms of Public Policy Involved With Clean Water Act and Endangered Species
• Cloning Animals and the Salvation of Endangered Species
• Habitat Conservation Plan: Endangered Species, Biodiversity, and Environmental Problems
• Conserving Endangered Species Through Regulation of Urban Development
• Perverse Incentives and Safe Harbors in the Endangered Species Act: Evidence From Timber Harvests Near Woodpeckers
• Animal Rights and Endangered Species
• Political, Economic, and Cultural Constraints That Limit the Application of Ecology in Conserving Endangered Species
• What Types of Species Are Included in the Endangered Species Act?
• What Is the Important Role of Zoos in the Conservation of Endangered Species?
• How Does the Endangered Species Act Protect the Environment?
• Endangered Species: Are Animal Rights Respected?
• How Many Endangered Animal Species Are There on the Planet?
• Are All Conservation Measures for Endangered Species Legitimate?
• What Kinds of Species Are Endangered?
• Can Minnesota Justify Taking the Grey Wolf off the Endangered Species List?
• What Changes Should Be Made to the Endangered Species Act?
• What Are the Causes and Effects of Endangered Species?
• What Are the Benefits of Endangered Species?
• Can Animal Cloning Save Endangered Species?
• What External Causes Affect the Survival of Endangered Species?
• How Overpopulation Caused Animal Extinction and Endangerment?
• Why Is It Important to Save Endangered Species?
• What Is the Convention on International Trade In Endangered Species?
• How Do Environmental Problems Affect Endangered Species?
• How Does Pollution Cause Endangered Species?
• How Do Endangered Species Affect People’s Lives?
• How Does Logging Affect Endangered Species?
• Is the Government Doing Enough to Protect Endangered Species?
• What Are the Cultural, Economic, and Political Constraints on Species Conservation?
• Why Is the Topic of Endangered Species Controversial in Modern Society?
• Why Does the US Have So Many Endangered Species?
• How Is the Recovery of Endangered Species?
• What Are the Tasks of the Endangered Species Working Group?
• How Many Species Are on the Endangered and Threatened List?
• What Are the Moral Obligations of Humans to Endangered Species?
• How Can Protect and Management of Endangered Plant Species?
• What Are the Facts About the Endangered Species of Grizzly Bears?
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Are Wildlife Adoption Programs Legitimate? What You Should Know

Dec. 8 2020, Published 11:01 a.m. ET

The catastrophic effects of climate change have driven several wildlife species to endangerment, and even extinction. One species in particular, known as the forest elephant, is currently in serious danger, which is not only a dire issue in the name of loving animals, but also in the name of biodiversity, as forest elephants play a pivotal role in planet Earth's ecosystem, as per EcoWatch . Their disappearance could lead to serious consequences.

That being said, there are many ways we can help the wellbeing of wildlife amid the ongoing wildlife crisis, and one strategy some opt for is by participating in wildlife adoption programs. But, are those legitimate? We're doing a deep dive into the popular conservation solution.

What is a wildlife adoption program? You aren't actually receiving a wild animal as a pet.

Several conservation-focused organizations, such as World Wildlife Fund (WWF), World Animal Foundation (WAF), and the Sierra Club offer symbolic wildlife adoption programs, enabling interested donors to pick an endangered species, whether it's a dolphin, cougar, humpback whale, or tarantula. Some organizations even offer specified "adoption" opportunities, such as SeaTurtle.org or Oceanic Society , which are solely for marine life.

In many cases, the donor will receive a specific animal from that species, complete with a name, birth certificate, and photos, whether it's an animal in recovery at a sanctuary, or if it was tagged for tracking purposes in a national park. Some wildlife adoption programs, however, are purely symbolic, and simply donate to the general species as a whole — without assigning you a specific animal — though it depends on what you, as a donor, are looking to get out of it.

The donor is then sent photos, sometimes a stuffed animals that resembles their adopted species, and other mementos for their symbolic adoption. In many programs that assign donors specific animals, the animal has been tagged with a tracker, enabling the donor to see regular photos and the location of their "adopted" animal. Donors are also given the option to make a one-time, monthly, or annual payment to that animal, which goes towards conservation efforts for that species in particular. 

Are wildlife adoption programs legitimate? We certainly think so.

Most wildlife adoption programs are legitimate, as long as you’re working with a reputable nonprofit, but always make sure to research any organization before making a donation or symbolic adoption. And although you aren't actually able to bring said endangered species into your home a la Tiger King , symbolic wildlife adoption programs are a seriously fantastic way to encourage people to donate to an important cause, by making the donation process a little more personal. It's a great feeling to help a specific animal that truly feels like part of your fur baby family.

In fact, with the holiday season coming up, symbolically adopting a wild animal is a fantastic low-impact gift. While donating to a great cause, it will make your animal-loving friends or family members feel as though they have a new fluffy friend in their life, without actually having to invest in pet insurance, and other costs that come with adopting a pet . 

Needless to say, it's definitely a Green Matters- approved Christmas gift, since most experience-based gifts aren't in the cards right now. 

Kristin Chenoweth on Holiday Plans and Her Beloved Rescue Pup — Exclusive

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Endangered Animals Essay in 100 and 500 words 

• Updated on  
• Feb 6, 2024

Endangered Animals Essay: Earth is the home of many wildlife species. Different species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and invertebrates are in danger of becoming extinct. 

Species that are at risk of extinction in the near future are called endangered. It is important to know that the term endangered is applied to plants as well as to animals. These flora and fauna are either at extremely high risk or have been threatened by one or multiple factors such as climate change, human activity, diseases, and more.

Also Read: Endangered Species Definition, Categories and Importance

Endangered Animals Essay in 100 words

Earth is home to an incredible diversity of wildlife. Different species of reptiles, mammals, amphibians, and more inhabit various ecosystems around the world. However, many of the animals are now at risk of extinction. Species that are declining continuously in numbers and are at risk of extinction are called endangered species. The animals that face the threat of extinction are known as endangered animals. Some of the examples of endangered animals are tigers, pandas, whales, and rhinoceros. The major reasons for the loss of population of these animals are loss of habitat, change in climate, poaching and climate change. 

Also Read: National Endangered Species Day 2023

Endangered Animals Essay in 500+ words

Endangered animals refer to animals that face extinction in the near future. The two animals with beautiful appearance and most critical in the list of endangered animals are Snow Leopards and Giant Panda. 

Snow leopards are physically charming animals with their grey and yellow spotted fur. These¨ghost of mountains majestic creatures have powerful build. They are found in different habitats in 12 countries across North and Central Asia. Unfortunately, due to habitat loss, poaching and changes in climatic conditions, the population of snow leopards has seen a significant decline. According to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), there are nearly 4,080-6,590 snow leopards across the world. They are also listed as ¨Vulnerable¨ by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 

Their beautiful fur is poached for the illegal trade market. The biggest threat is a loss of habitat with the clearing of forests for farming, roads, and infrastructure. This fragmentation leaves the small, isolated populations of snow leopards becoming more vulnerable to extinction. Moreover, the change in climate and lack of availability of habitat results in melting glaciers resulting in the population of snow leopards.

Another animal that is most recognizable in the list of endangered animals list is the Giant Panda. It is yet another rarest species on Earth. The black and white color provides an attractive color to the mammals that rely on bamboo for food. According to WWF, only 1,864 Giant Pandas are left in the wild. They are mostly found in the mountainous regions of China. Currently, they are becoming fewer in numbers due to the clearing of bamboo forests, expansion of agricultural land, urban development, fragmentation, and isolation in population. Many conservation efforts such as ¨Pandas for Peace¨ cooperative programs focus on the breeding program with zoos and research centres around the world. Sections of bamboo forests are also being set up for the preservation of Panda. 

Now, let us explore the world’s 10 most endangered animals according to the World Wildlife Fund: 

On the global stage to prevent the international trade of endangered species, the exploitation of animals, reptiles, birds and more for commercial purposes Conventions on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is set up. The member countries of CITES ensure the safeguarding and protection of overexploitation of flora and fauna. Also, international organizations such as WWF work continuously to address the world for the protection and conservation of wildlife against anti-poaching and community involvement to promote sustainable practices. 

Responsible tourism and sustainable tourism practices also help in the conservation of wildlife and habitat preservation. Furthermore, governments should implement and enforce guidelines for the implementation and enforcement of Eco-friendly tourism to create a balance between economic interests as well as for conservation. 

Saving the endangered animals is important for maintaining biodiversity. Commitment and strategic efforts should be shown for the possible prevention of endangered animals as well as for their recovery. The future of the planet depends on our collective responsibility so that we can restore the natural world once again.  

Also Read: Speech on Endangered Species Need Protection

Ans. Endangered animal essay includes species that are at risk of extinction shortly are called endangered. It is important to know that the term endangered is applied to plants as well as to animals. These flora and fauna are either at extremely high risk or have been threatened by one or multiple factors such as climate change, human activity, diseases, and more.

Ans. Endangered animals refer to the risk of extinction of animals in the near future. 

Ans. The names of ten endangered animals are Cross River Gorilla, Eastern Lowland Gorilla, Hawksbill Turtle, Javan Rhino, Orangutan, Saola, Vaquita, Western Lowland, Black-footed Ferret, and Blue Whale

Ans. Kashmiri Red Stag is one of the animals that is endangered in India. 

Ans. Responsible tourism and sustainable tourism practices help in the conservation of wildlife and habitat preservation. Furthermore, governments should implement and enforce guidelines for the implementation and enforcement of Eco-friendly tourism to create a balance between economic interests as well as for conservation. 

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Essay on Save Endangered Animals

Students are often asked to write an essay on Save Endangered Animals in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Save Endangered Animals

Why save endangered animals.

Many animals are in danger of disappearing forever. Saving them is important because they are part of our world. Each animal has a role in nature. Losing one can harm the environment and other living things.

Causes of Danger

Animals become endangered for many reasons. Some include losing their homes, pollution, and hunting. People’s actions often cause these problems. By changing how we live, we can help save these animals.

What Can We Do?

Everyone can help save endangered animals. Planting trees, cleaning up areas, and learning more about wildlife are good steps. By working together, we can protect these animals for the future.

250 Words Essay on Save Endangered Animals

Why saving endangered animals is important.

Many animals around the world are in danger of disappearing forever. These animals are called endangered animals. Saving them is important for many reasons. First, every animal has a role in nature. They help keep the environment healthy. For example, bees help flowers grow by moving pollen. If we lose one animal, it can upset the balance of nature.

Reasons Animals Become Endangered

How we can help.

Everyone can help save endangered animals. One way is by taking care of the environment. This means not littering and recycling when you can. Another way is by learning about endangered animals and telling others. The more people know, the more they can help. Also, supporting parks and places that protect animals is a good way to help.

Saving endangered animals is very important. It keeps the environment healthy and balanced. There are many reasons animals become endangered, but there are also many ways we can help. By doing our part, we can make sure these animals are around for future generations to enjoy.

500 Words Essay on Save Endangered Animals

Many animals around the world are in danger of disappearing forever. This is a big problem because every animal plays a special role in nature. Some animals help to keep the environment clean, while others are food for different animals. If we lose one animal, it can cause problems for other animals and even people. This is why we need to protect animals that are in danger.

There are many reasons why animals become endangered. One big reason is that their homes are being destroyed. When forests are cut down or wetlands are filled in, animals lose the places where they live, find food, and raise their babies. Another reason is pollution. Water and air pollution can make it hard for animals to survive. Also, some animals are in danger because people hunt them for their fur, tusks, or other parts. Lastly, climate change is making it harder for many animals to live in their natural habitats.

What We Can Do to Help

Everyone, including kids, can help save endangered animals. One way to help is by learning about endangered animals and telling others about them. The more people know about the problem, the more they can help. You can also help by raising money for groups that work to protect animals. Even small amounts of money can help buy land for animal homes or pay for people to take care of the animals.

Success Stories

There are some happy stories about animals that were once in big trouble but are now doing better because people helped them. For example, the giant panda was once very close to disappearing. But, thanks to a lot of hard work from people all over the world, there are now more giant pandas than there were 20 years ago. Another success story is the American bald eagle. It was almost gone because of pollution, but laws that protect the air and water helped the eagles to come back. These stories show that when people work together, they can save animals.

Saving endangered animals is very important. Every animal has a role in nature, and losing one can cause problems for other animals and people. There are many reasons animals become endangered, but there are also many ways we can help. By learning, sharing, raising money, and taking care of our environment, we can make a big difference. Remember, every small action counts. Let’s all do our part to protect our animal friends and keep them safe for future generations.

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

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Ielts essay # 1449 - do you think it is important to protect animals, ielts writing task 2/ ielts essay:, with deforestation, urban development and illegal hunting, many animal species are becoming endangered as they lose their habitat, and some are even threatened to the point of extinction., do you think it is important to protect animals what measures can be taken to deal with this problem  .

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Protection of Endangered Species/ Wild Animals – IELTS Writing Task 2

Updated On Jan 03, 2024

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Table of Contents

• Band 7 Sample Answer for Writing Task 2 Question – Protection of Endangered Species/ Wild Animals
• Band 8 Sample Answer for Writing Task 2 Question – Protection of Endangered Species/ Wild Animals
• Band 9 Sample Answer for Writing Task 2 Question – Protection of Endangered Species/ Wild Animals

IELTS Writing Task 2 Connectors Used in the Sample Answers for Protection of Endangered Species/ Wild Animals

Additional resources.

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Since agree-disagree questions form a significant part of  IELTS Writing Task 2 , it is crucial to practise writing them. One example of such a question is ‘Protection of Endangered Species/ Wild Animals’.

One significant distinction exists between the traditional  Agree Disagree essays  and “To what extent do you agree or disagree” questions. While the former asks you to explicitly mention whether you agree or disagree with the statement, in the latter, you can express your agreement or disagreement with the idea, or you partially agree or disagree with the notion. Once you have picked an option, formulate two or three reasons in support of your viewpoint.

You can familiarize yourself with the framework of an IELTS Agree Disagree essay by practicing subjects like ‘Protection of Endangered Species/ Wild Animals’, as Writing Task 2 can be difficult for many IELTS applicants. Additionally, you can review the  Writing Task 2 practice tests  on a regular basis to achieve your desired band score.

Now let us move to the three expert-curated sample responses for varying IELTS band scores for the Agree Disagree essay, ‘Protection of Endangered Species/ Wild Animals’.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Some people think that a huge amount of time and money is spent on the protection of wild animals and that this money could be better spent on the human population. to what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion, use specific reasons and examples to explain your choice., you should write at least 250 words..

Check Out –   IELTS Writing Task 2 Sample Essays

Band 7 Sample Answer for Writing Task 2 Question – Protection of Endangered Species/ Wild Animals

It is true that wildlife has suffered as a result of the economic success that people have experienced recently. As a result, people’s interest in the conservation of wild animals has always grown. Some believe, however, that the time and money devoted to this noble endeavour are almost excessive and that they need to be used instead on initiatives that directly assist the human race. Although there is some merit to this way of thinking, I believe that more work should be done by humans to safeguard wild animals.

Firstly, wildlife plays an important role in maintaining ecological balance, pollinating crops, and preventing the spread of diseases. Ignoring their protection may lead to unforeseen consequences, affecting human well-being in the long run. Secondly, tourism, which often revolves around wildlife, contributes significantly to economies. By investing in the protection of wild animals and their habitats, countries can attract tourists.

However, it is essential to acknowledge the importance of finding a balance. Some conservation efforts might seem extravagant, and redirecting a portion of those funds towards immediate human necessities could be beneficial. Governments and organizations should prioritize projects that address both wildlife protection and human welfare, ensuring a harmonious coexistence.

In conclusion, while there may be instances where funds for wildlife protection seem excessive, a comprehensive approach is necessary. Striking a balance between preserving our natural heritage and meeting human needs is key to building a sustainable and equitable future for both species. (241 words)

Band 7 Vocabulary 

• Endeavour 

Meaning: to try to do something

E.g.: His endeavours failed because he did not put any effort into it.

• Merit 

Meaning: the quality of being particularly good or worthy, especially so as to deserve praise or reward

E.g.: We were discussing the merits of regular exercise in the morning.

• Unforeseen 

Meaning: not anticipated or expected

E.g.: Peter was not prepared for the unforeseen effects of his decision.

• Extravagant

Meaning: beyond any reasonable expectation

E.g.: Do not have any extravagant hope for your children.

Meaning: marked by agreement in feeling, attitude, or action

E.g.: The villagers maintained a harmonious relationship with their neighbors.

• Coexistence

Meaning: to exist together or at the same time

E.g.: The coexistence of the birds and the people in that area is noteworthy.

Meaning: treating everyone equally; fair

E.g.: The female employees protested for being denied equitable salary.

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Band 8 Sample Answer for Writing Task 2 Question – Protection of Endangered Species/ Wild Animals

While there is so much human suffering, the spending of resources to protect wild animals presents an ethical dilemma. However, I disagree with the opinion given, because it is possible to allocate resources intelligently to benefit both the animal and the human population.

The protection of wild animals must be high on the agenda of every individual citizen and government. Firstly, the red list of endangered species is increasing every year. If wildlife extinction continues, then humans may face an ecological crisis which impacts on their own survival. For example, if the practice of whaling is not halted, the ecosystems of our oceans will be altered forever, and this may affect fish stocks on which so many communities depend for a living. Secondly, protecting wild animals means protecting the habitats in which they live, such as rainforests and wetlands. If habitat destruction is permitted, climate change will affect our capacity to produce food to sustain the growing human population.

The formation of wildlife reserves not only protects wildlife, it also brings benefits to communities. In order to generate revenue for their management and to eliminate poaching, responsible ecotourism to observe animals in the wild can be developed further. This has been shown to create jobs in such places as the Serengeti National Park in Africa. The result is increased prosperity when local communities, especially in developing countries, are involved in the running of wildlife safaris, which attract visitors to the reserves. Thus, the application of intelligent strategies brings benefits for humans and wildlife.

In conclusion, I disagree with the view expressed in the statement. It is in the interest of everyone to protect wildlife, and creative solutions have shown that this need not be a drain on scarce resources. (289 words)

Band 8 Vocabulary 

• An ethical dilemma

Meaning: a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two different things, relating to beliefs about what is morally right and wrong

E.g.: Governments are facing an ethical dilemma over the use of animals in laboratory testing for drugs and cosmetics.

• The practice of whaling

Meaning: the activity of hunting and killing whales

E.g.: In order to protect these beautiful creatures, the practice of whaling should be banned completely.

• Wildlife reserves

Meaning: protected areas for wild animals

E.g.: The creation of wildlife reserves is essential to save animals such as tigers from extinction.

• In the wild

Meaning: in a natural environment not controlled by people

E.g.: Animals in the wild are able to exhibit their natural behaviour.

• High on the agenda

Meaning: to be among the first things in the list of actions to be taken

E.g.: The security of its citizens must be high on the agenda of governments.

• Allocate resources

Meaning: to make money and materials available to do something

E.g.: If governments allocate more resources to improving public transport, this will reduce the problem of traffic congestion in cities.

• Ecological crisis 

Meaning: a serious situation that occurs when the environment of a species or population changes in a way that threatens its continued survival

E.g.: Environmental degradation caused by human activity is provoking an ecological crisis which threatens our existence.

• Habitat destruction

Meaning: the process that occurs when a natural habitat, like a forest or wetland, is changed so dramatically by humans that the plants and animals which live there can no longer survive.

E.g.: The elephant population in the world is declining because of habitat destruction caused by human exploitation of the environment.

• To eliminate poaching

Meaning: to stop all illegal hunting of wild animals

E.g.: In wildlife reserves, guards should be employed to eliminate poaching and to protect endangered species of wild animals.

Meaning: organized holidays which are designed so that tourists damage the environment as little as possible

E.g.: Ecotourism will become increasingly popular in the future, as more and more people become aware of the need to protect the environment.

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Band 9 Sample Answer for Writing Task 2 Question – Protection of Endangered Species/ Wild Animals

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The ever-increasing human population often leads to the paucity of resources, both in the terms of capital as well as natural resources. There is one school of thought which presumably argues that a copious amount of money is splurged over wildlife conservation and that it should not be encouraged. In contrast, my opinion is in contradiction with this very statement. This essay enlightens the same.

To begin with, the dynamics which have contributed to the ailing health of the wildlife are majorly relevant to human actions. The usages of certain environmental deterrents like chlorofluorocarbons, DDT, and other hazardous pollutants have been major culprits in this regard. That being said, a lot of damage is already done, which to a larger extent is irrecuperable. The need of the hour, however, is to preserve and fortify the wildlife. For instance, the species of Asiatic Lion, which are only found in parts of India now, were deemed ‘Endangered’ mainly because of habitat loss owing to climate change, grazing, growing agricultural demands, etc. Therefore, it is of prime essence that the government and authorities should indeed focus on the judicial methods to safeguard the wildlife.

The government should invest in the rehabilitation of the natural environment, as in the purview of substantial development it is very crucial that nature and its resources are intact and unblemished. It could appear as an arduous deal to spend money and capital on wildlife. Conversely, it could promote and foster economical status as India largely attracts the international footfall for its flora and fauna, and hence it rather would be a prudential decision to strengthen the tourism baseline and capital bolstering.

Conclusively, it is in the best of human interest that the government spends and invests in the fortification of conservation of wildlife and is not at all an extravagance. (301 words)

Band 9 Vocabulary 

Meaning: the fact that there is too little of something

E.g.: There is a paucity of relevant information on the internet.

• Splurged 

Meaning: to spend a lot of money on buying goods, especially expensive goods

E.g.: The millionaire splurged on his birthday party.

Meaning: something that prevents people from doing something by making them afraid of what will happen to them if they do it

E.g.: You should consider the deterrents of the project and be prepared with the solutions.

• Irrecuperable

Meaning: past/beyond redemption too bad to be redeemed or improved

E.g.: Always think before you act as your words and actions are irrecuperable.

Meaning: to strengthen something, esp. in order to protect it

E.g.: The palace walls are meant to fortify the women residing there.

Meaning: the limit of someone’s responsibility, interest, or activity

E.g.: This case falls within the purview of the Supreme court.

Meaning: difficult, needing a lot of effort and energy

E.g.: The traveler took an arduous journey to the unknown land.

• Unblemished

Meaning: not damaged or marked in any way

E.g.: The actress has unblemished skin and does not do any makeup.

Meaning: careful and avoiding risks

E.g.: The management needs to take some prudential decisions to make a good turnover.

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Connectors or Linking words helps to bring coherence to your writing and increase your chances of scoring a high band. So, check out the list of  connectors/linking words   used in the sample responses for the IELTS Writing Task 2 – ‘Protection of Endangered Species/ Wild Animals’ given below.

• As a result
• However/Conversely/In contrast
• Firstly…Secondly
• In conclusion/Conclusively
•  For example/For instance
• To begin with
• That being said

Now that you have gone through the sample answers on the topic – Protection of Endangered Species/ Wild Animals – it is time for you to try writing on your own. For that, leave your answers as a comment below or you can use our  FREE evaluation service !

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African elephant species now Endangered and Critically Endangered - IUCN Red List

Gland, Switzerland, 25 March 2021 (IUCN) - Following population declines over several decades due to poaching for ivory and loss of habitat, the African forest elephant ( Loxodonta cyclotis ) is now listed as Critically Endangered and the African savanna elephant ( Loxodonta africana ) as Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ . Before today’s update, African elephants were treated as a single species, listed as Vulnerable; this is the first time the two species have been assessed separately for the IUCN Red List, following the emergence of new genetic evidence.

The African forest elephant ( loxodonta cyclotis ) is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. The species occurs in the tropical forests of Central Africa, and a range of habitats in West Africa.

Photo: Frank af Petersens, Save the Elephants

The African savanna elephant ( loxodonta africana ) is now listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List.

Photo: Jane Wynyard, Save the Elephants

The IUCN Red List now includes 134,425 species of which 37,480 are threatened with extinction.

“Africa’s elephants play key roles in ecosystems, economies and in our collective imagination all over the world. Today’s new IUCN Red List assessments of both African elephant species underline the persistent pressures faced by these iconic animals,” said Dr Bruno Oberle, IUCN Director General. “We must urgently put an end to poaching and ensure that sufficient suitable habitat for both forest and savanna elephants is conserved. Several African countries have led the way in recent years, proving that we can reverse elephant declines, and we must work together to ensure their example can be followed.”

The latest assessments highlight a broadscale decline in African elephant numbers across the continent. The number of African forest elephants fell by more than 86% over a period of 31 years, while the population of African savanna elephants decreased by at least 60% over the last 50 years, according to the assessments.

Both species suffered sharp declines since 2008 due to a significant increase in poaching, which peaked in 2011 but continues to threaten populations. The ongoing conversion of their habitats, primarily to agricultural and other land uses, is another significant threat. The 2016 IUCN African Elephant Status Report provides the most recent reliable estimate of the continental population of the two species combined, at around 415,000 elephants. 

Despite the overall declining trend of both African elephant species, the assessments also highlight the impact of successful conservation efforts. Anti-poaching measures on the ground, together with more supportive legislation and land use planning which seeks to foster human-wildlife coexistence, have been key to successful elephant conservation. As a result, some forest elephants have stabilised in well-managed conservation areas in Gabon and the Republic of the Congo. Savanna elephant numbers have also been stable or growing for decades especially in the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area, which harbours the largest subpopulation of this species on the continent.

“While the results of the assessment place the continental population of savanna elephants in the Endangered category, it is important to keep in mind that at a site level, some subpopulations are thriving. For this reason, considerable caution and local knowledge are required when translating these results into policy, ” said Dr Dave Balfour, assessor of the African elephants and member of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) African Elephant Specialist Group .

The decision to treat African forest and savanna elephants as separate species is the result of the consensus that has emerged among experts following new research into the genetics of elephant populations. Forest elephants occur in the tropical forests of Central Africa and in a range of habitats in West Africa. They rarely overlap with the range of the savanna elephant, which prefers open country and is found in a variety of habitats in Sub-Saharan Africa including grasslands and deserts. The forest elephant, which has a more restricted natural distribution, is thought to occupy only a quarter of its historic range today, with the largest remaining populations found in Gabon and the Republic of the Congo.

“ For these assessments, a team of six assessors used data from as far back as the 1960s and a fully data-driven modelling approach to consolidate the decades-long efforts of many survey teams for the first time. The results quantify the dramatic extent of the decline of these ecologically important animals. With persistent demand for ivory and escalating human pressures on Africa’s wild lands, concern for Africa’s elephants is high, and the need to creatively conserve and wisely manage these animals and their habitats is more acute than ever, ” said Dr Kathleen Gobush, lead assessor of the African elephants and member of the IUCN SSC African Elephant Specialist Group .

For more information or interviews please contact:

Harriet Brooker, IUCN Media Relations, +44 7960241862, [email protected] Matthias Fiechter, IUCN Media Relations, +41 795360117, [email protected]

Supporting quotes:

“ We are proud to have supported almost 30% of the 6,218 assessments in this update, including assessments of underrepresented species such as trees, fungi and invertebrates, ” said Masako Yamato, General Manager, Environmental Affairs Division of Toyota Motor Corporation . “ This contributes to the growing diversity of species on the IUCN Red List, making it an increasingly powerful tool for guiding conservation in this important year for the Post 2020 Biodiversity Framework. ”

" Just like us, elephants rely on trees and the ecosystem services they provide in order to survive. BGCI's Global Tree Assessment (GTA) — the first global conservation assessment of all of the world's known tree species, to be released later this year — will provide a roadmap for conserving the tree species and ecosystems upon which elephants, and species like them, depend, " said Dr Malin Rivers, Head of Conservation Prioritisation, Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) .

“ Regular re-assessment of a species' status on the Red List helps to highlight worrying trends like what the elephants of Africa are experiencing. The health of our planet depends on the health of elephants and the ecosystems they inhabit, which is why Global Wildlife Conservation supports the Elephant Crisis Fund to get funding to groups across Africa working to save, recover, and manage elephant populations, " said Dr Barney Long, Global Wildlife Conservation's Senior Director of Species Conservation .

" Few species evoke the sense of awe African elephants command. This latest assessment shows us that even the most charismatic species need our unwavering protection,"  said Sean T. O’Brien, President and CEO of Nature Serve . O’Brien continued,  “The successful conservation efforts that have taken place thus far bring us hope, but only a coordinated effort to bring together data, policy, and local knowledge will help resolve the underlying issue at hand - the mass extinction of our planet’s precious biodiversity. ”

“ This year sees the native Australian shrub Cangai Wattle ( Acacia cangaiensis ) enter the IUCN Red List as Endangered. As we saw on news headlines across the globe last year, the Australian bushfire season caused extreme damage, and ever since scientists have been hard at work evaluating the long-term impact the fires had on wildlife. Unfortunately, with restricted distribution, and increasing risk from wildfires and droughts, this Acacia, which grows in the Australian state New South Wales, is now at high risk of extinction. The good news is that we have banked the seeds of the Acacia at Kew’s Millennium Seed Bank for long-term safekeeping and these seeds can also be used for post-fire restoration if required, ” said Jack Plummer, scientist in the Conservation Assessment team at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew .

“ These two Red List assessments reflect the outcome of the IUCN SSC African Elephant Specialist Group taking a bold, collaborative, evidence based decision to assess the African elephant as two separate species for the first time and understanding the implications and consequences of this shift. The outcome are robust assessments that provide users with the options to focus conservation efforts appropriately for the Critically Endangered forest elephant and the Endangered savanna elephant. It will be essential for IUCN SSC to engage with African range states and other agencies in dealing with the implications of the assessments, ” said Dr Jon Paul Rodríguez, Chair of the IUCN Species Survival Commission .

“ The recent decision to list both African elephant species as Threatened (the African forest elephant as Critically Endangered and the African savanna elephant as Endangered) will help to strengthen international efforts to control poaching and provide guidance on the geographical trends in intensity of threats. It will also support those countries and regions that have implemented successful conservation efforts through local knowledge and initiatives, so that a plan for continent-wide recovery can be successful, ” said Dr. Thomas E. Lacher, Jr., IUCN Red List Committee and Texas A&M University Red List Partner.

“ Conservation efforts to protect savannah elephants have seen many populations begin to recover, but sadly the same is not true for forest elephants, which remain under intense pressure from habitat loss and poaching. In the Dja Biosphere Reserve in Cameroon, for example, ZSL’s work with the Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife (MINFOF) suggests a 70% drop in numbers since 1995, with as few as 220 animals remaining ,” said Andrew Terry, Director of Conservation at the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) , “ Recovering these populations is vital for the forests but needs commitment across communities, companies and government working together to achieve success. ”

“ The Forest Elephant and the Savannah Elephant are already listed as two separate species on Appendix II of the Convention on Migratory Species. We welcome IUCN’s recognition of two distinct African elephant species, and hope that it will lead to greater conservation actions for both species. In particular, the Forest Elephant has suffered drastic declines over the past few decades, ” said Amy Fraenkel, Executive Secretary of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS).

Editor’s notes

IUCN actively supports the development of an ambitious Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. The IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM and Red List Index will be used to track progress towards species conservation targets.

IUCN–Toyota Partnership: The five-year partnership between IUCN and Toyota Motor Corporation announced in May 2016 has been significantly increasing knowledge on the extinction risk of more than 28,000 species, including many that are key food sources for a significant portion of the global population. This partnership is driven by the Toyota Environmental Challenge 2050, which aims to reduce the negative impacts associated with automobiles to zero, whilst simultaneously making positive impacts on society.

The IUCN Red List

Global figures for the 2021-1 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

TOTAL SPECIES ASSESSED = 134,425

(Total threatened species = 37,480)

Extinct = 900

Extinct in the Wild = 79

Critically Endangered = 8,188

Endangered = 14,106

Vulnerable = 15,186

Near Threatened = 7,889

Lower Risk/conservation dependent = 176 (this is an old category that is gradually being phased out of The IUCN Red List)

Least Concern = 69,149

Data Deficient = 18,752

The figures presented above are only for those species that have been assessed for The IUCN Red List to date. Although not all of the world’s species have been assessed, The IUCN Red List provides a useful snapshot of what is happening to species today and highlights the urgent need for conservation action. Relative percentages for threatened species cannot be provided for many taxonomic groups on The IUCN Red List because they have not been comprehensively assessed. For many of these groups, assessment efforts have focused on threatened species; therefore, the percentage of threatened species for these groups would be heavily biased.

For those groups that have been comprehensively assessed, the percentage of threatened species can be calculated, but the actual number of threatened species is often uncertain because it is not known whether Data Deficient (DD) species are actually threatened or not. Therefore, the percentages presented above provide the best estimate of extinction risk for those groups that have been comprehensively assessed (excluding Extinct species), based on the assumption that Data Deficient species are equally threatened as data sufficient species. In other words, this is a mid-point figure within a range from x% threatened species (if all DD species are not threatened) to y% threatened species (if all DD species are threatened). Available evidence indicates that this is a best estimate.

The IUCN Red List threat categories are as follows, in descending order of threat:

Extinct or Extinct in the Wild

Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable: species threatened with global extinction.

Near Threatened: species close to the threatened thresholds or that would be threatened without ongoing conservation measures.

Least Concern: species evaluated with a lower risk of extinction.

Data Deficient: no assessment because of insufficient data.

Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) or Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct in the Wild): these are not IUCN Red List Categories, but are tags developed to identify those Critically Endangered species that are in all probability already extinct but for which confirmation is required; for example, through more extensive surveys being carried out and failing to find any individuals.

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• The Highlight

We pulled pandas back from the brink of extinction. Meanwhile, the rest of nature collapsed.

The trouble with conservation’s cutest mascot.

by Benji Jones

Illustrations by Praveeni Chamathka for Vox

On a chilly spring day in 1966, zookeepers in London loaded a giant panda named Chi-Chi onto a commercial plane. The aircraft was bound for Russia. Chi-Chi was bound, you might say, for love. She would soon arrive at the Moscow Zoo to meet a slightly younger male named An-An, the only other captive giant panda living outside of China at the time. The goal was to get the two bears to breed.

To prepare for Chi-Chi’s departure, British European Airways removed about 30 seats in the front of the plane. The panda was carried aboard in a crate and separated from 37 passengers by a screen. Flight attendants sprayed deodorant to try and vanquish the scent of the 235-pound bear. For lunch, the attendants served passengers a side of bamboo hearts in Chi-Chi’s honor.

The media breathlessly covered the long-distance love affair. Yet it was doomed from the start. When the bears first met in Moscow, An-An attacked Chi-Chi and zookeepers had to separate them with brooms, one newspaper reported . The pandas stayed in separate cages that summer. In the fall, keepers arranged another meeting, but this time, Chi-Chi “slapped” An-An in the face. Soon after, Chi-Chi returned to London, prompting headlines like “From Russia ... Without Love.”

Although attempts to breed Chi-Chi and An-An failed, they marked the start of a massive, global campaign to breed pandas in captivity. It was fueled by a sense of urgency: The giant panda population was dwindling. In southwestern China, the only place on Earth where the animals live, human development was destroying forests, and pandas were being plucked from their land and placed in zoos. In the 1980s, only about 1,100 bears remained, down from a historical population that scientists believe once numbered in the tens of thousands .

As pandas started vanishing from the wild, they grew into powerful symbols of the movement to conserve the natural world. The plight of wildlife was making headlines, and pandas — clumsy, big-eyed bears that look like plush toys come to life — emerged as the perfect mascot to rally support.

The World Wildlife Fund, an influential environmental organization, helped formalize the animals as icons when it chose the panda as its logo in 1961. Chi-Chi, An-An’s wouldn’t-be mate, was the inspiration for the design. (WWF, now known internationally as the World Wide Fund for Nature, chose the panda, in part, because black-and-white logos were cheaper to print.)

As pandas shot to stardom, China, the US, and zoos around the world fueled the captive breeding campaign with tens of millions of dollars in veterinary research. China also created dozens of forest reserves to protect the bears. In 2018, the country announced plans to combine many of them into a single habitat three times larger than Yellowstone National Park.

These efforts have unquestionably paid off for pandas. Scientists learned from Chi-Chi and An-An’s platonic exchange and, in time, they nearly perfected the difficult art of panda breeding and husbandry. That’s the only reason you can see them in zoos today.

The bears are also recovering in the wild. The most recent estimates indicate that more than 1,800 pandas now live in southwestern China, and their numbers are increasing. That trend prompted the country to announce, in 2021 , that pandas are no longer endangered. (The International Union for the Conservation of Nature, the global authority on endangered animals, delisted pandas in 2016.)

Imagine that: The panda, the very symbol of endangered species, is no longer endangered.

But if giant pandas are mascots for endangered species, then their team is, so to speak, losing. In the time that environmental advocates were saving pandas, much of the rest of the planet’s wildlife continued to deteriorate. The world now faces an unprecedented and accelerating crisis of biodiversity loss, with more than 1 million species at risk of extinction. Forests are quieter. The oceans are emptier.

The story of the panda is, in a sense, a story of success. Tales of rebounding animal populations are rare. But it carries with it a warning: The model of conservation that lifted up pandas won’t work to save everything else.

The global effort to save giant pandas is rooted in our collective obsession with these bears. It dates back to at least the 1930s, when a New York City socialite journeyed East.

The only pandas on American soil back then were stuffed bears in natural history museums. But in 1936, a dress designer in NYC named Ruth Harkness traveled to China in search of a live cub. She was trying to finish what her late husband, William Harkness Jr., had started: Months earlier, the young explorer died from cancer on an expedition to capture a panda and bring it back to the US.

One November morning, Mrs. Harkness and her local guide heard squealing by the stump of a large spruce tree in the mountains outside of Chengdu, Henry Nicholls recounts in The Way of the Panda. There, she found a baby panda no larger than a kitten. The cub was perhaps less than two weeks old.

“I stood for minutes in a trance,” Harkness, known for her deep voice and bright red lipstick, told a reporter in 1937. “I had discovered a most precious thing — a tiny offspring of one of Mother Nature’s greatest and rarest mysteries in the animal kingdom.”

She named the cub Su-Lin and took him back to New York City on a steamship. He was an instant hit. “Wherever she goes, Mrs. Harkness lugs her 10-pound jewel along in a traveling basket,” the Daily News wrote at the time. “The infant panda has viewed the interior of some of New York’s best restaurants since its arrival.”

What makes animals like the panda so popular? Maybe it’s their looks, their striking appearance, cute and fearsome all at once. Pandas also exploit our parenting instincts. Cubs have round faces with big cheeks, and they tumble about like helpless toddlers. (We also tend to like what we can relate to. Fellow mammals with arms? Sure. Freshwater mussels ? Not so much.)

Harkness eventually brought Su-Lin to the Brookfield Zoo in Chicago, where the cub — the first live panda in the US — drew a record 53,000 visitors on the first day he was displayed.

It was China, however, that turned the bears into a global sensation.

In the 1970s, the Chinese government began sending wild-caught pandas around the world as state gifts — a sign of goodwill and friendship, historian Elena Songster wrote in her 2018 book, Panda Nation. There was even a term for it: Panda diplomacy.

“Giant pandas served the Chinese government as invaluable tools for putting a friendly face on China,” Songster wrote. “These fuzzy creatures thawed Cold War tensions and promoted the idea that warmer relations with the inscrutable Communist power could be possible.”

Most famously, China gave two pandas to President Richard Nixon in 1972 after a series of successful peace talks. The bears, Hsing-Hsing and Ling-Ling, flew to DC on Air Force One and were taken to the National Zoo “under security measures as tight as if they had been Chairman Mao,” the New York Times reported . (In exchange, the US sent China Matilda and Milton, a pair of musk oxen with some kind of skin condition.)

American pandas were as famous as any celebrity. Two decades after Hsing-Hsing and Ling-Ling arrived, China sent the US two more bears, Shi Shi and Bai Yun, this time to the San Diego Zoo. News helicopters filmed their high-security motorcade as if they were heads of state .

“Make no mistake: That phenomenon that zookeepers call ‘pandamania’ is back,” the LA Times wrote in 1996. “No animal in the history of US zoos brings the crowds and the awe-struck response of pandas.”

Pandamania was good for zoos and for China. It wasn’t necessarily good for wild pandas.

In the 1980s, China stopped giving away pandas as state gifts but began loaning them out for a few months at a time, often at the expense of the wild population. George Schaller, then director of science at a large environmental organization called the Wildlife Conservation Society, criticized these short-term loans as “rent-a-panda” programs.

“I have a nightmare vision of evermore pandas being drained from the wild until the species exists only in captivity,” he wrote in his 1993 book The Last Panda.

In those years, pandas were facing other pressures in their homeland. Mines and human developments in Sichuan Province were replacing forests. Meanwhile, pandas were running out of food — stirring up fears that the world’s most beloved animal might soon go extinct.

Pandas, like humans, are technically omnivores. About 6,000 years ago, however, they stopped consuming meat, for the most part. Today, pandas almost exclusively eat bamboo.

While bamboo grows abundantly in China, it has a few critical shortcomings. Like celery, it doesn’t have many calories, so pandas have to spend half of the day eating. Plus, they can’t put on enough fat to hibernate in the winter like other bears.

Bamboo is also a somewhat unreliable food source. Every so often, at seemingly random intervals, entire hillsides of bamboo stalks flower, produce seeds, and die.

Normally, only one or a few bamboo species might flower at the same time, so pandas can just forage for other varieties if they need to. But in the ’70s, multiple species died all at once, according to Songster, causing the bears to starve. By some estimates, more than 100 died. Then in the ‘80s, bamboo forests flowered and died once again, fueling concerns that pandas were at risk of extinction (not to mention reports that pandas were looting food from peoples’ homes).

Although it’s not clear whether the second bamboo die-off actually harmed many pandas, it helped ignite the global campaign to save these animals — at a cost of hundreds of millions of dollars a year.

China and groups such as WWF relied on two main approaches. One was to establish a system of protected areas that prohibited hunting, logging, and other harmful human activities, as China has done. Another was to build out a massive breeding operation, the likes of which the world had never seen.

Breeding animals in captivity can theoretically help refresh a dwindling wild animal population. It also helps restock zoos. Without breeding pandas or taking them from the wild, zoos would eventually run out of their biggest attractions. That’s a problem, not only for zoos but for conservation, said William McShea, a scientist at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute.

“If you’re going to sell people on giant pandas, you need to show people a giant panda,” he said. (Pandas are “great showmen,” McShea added. “Giant pandas will sit there and essentially do tricks for you all day long.”)

Breeding pandas, however, is a challenge.

Female pandas ovulate just once a year for one to three days. In the wild, males will congregate along ridge tops in the spring and “a stream of visiting females in heat keeps the mating activity intense,” McShea has written . In captivity, however, vets have to introduce a pair of pandas at just the right time. Even then, the bears may prefer to swat at each other rather than have sex.

“There was nothing easy about any of it,” said David Kersey, an associate professor of physiology at Western University who helped develop the National Zoo’s captive breeding program.

In several instances, zoos have tried using videos of pandas copulating, a.k.a. panda porn, to get the bears in the mood. This is not a joke . At one of the most famous breeding facilities in China, scientists showed a video of pandas mating to a five-year-old female bear named Ke Lin because she kept rejecting her mate, Yongyong.

“We played them the film and she took great interest in it,” a spokesman at the Chengdu facility told the Independent. “After that, there was no stopping her and they mated successfully.”

Zookeepers have also tried giving pandas viagra and working them out. In 2011, keepers at the National Zoo ran Tian Tian, a popular male panda, through a sort of sex training program designed to strengthen his legs. “We’re building up his stamina,” Brandie Smith, a senior curator at the zoo, told the Washington Post. “I think Tian is in pretty good shape, but ... we’re turning him into an Olympic athlete.”

The early years of panda breeding were full of disasters. In one case, a male panda in Japan reportedly died during a routine electro-ejaculation procedure — which involves a veterinarian sending a small shock to the animal’s prostate to get him to produce semen. Zookeepers also had a hard time figuring out if a bear was pregnant until right before she gave birth. Infants are tiny, weighing just 3 to 5 ounces . During ultrasounds, zookeepers would occasionally confuse feces for a fetus. It was a mess.

Yet little by little, the science improved. Vets figured out how to tell exactly when a female is ovulating and in heat. They also learned which males make the perfect genetic match. “We’ve seen the success rate of breeding just skyrocket,” Kersey said.

Scientists also learned how to keep more babies alive. In the ’90s, the survival rate of captive cubs in China was about 10 percent, according to Qiongyu Huang, a wildlife biologist at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute. Today, it’s almost 90 percent, he said. There are now around 600 pandas in captivity.

“Veterinary science has done an outstanding job,” said Marc Brody, president of the NGO Panda Mountain, who’s worked on panda conservation for more than two decades.

Pandas are a threatened species, still just one step away from the classification of endangered. But along with China’s growing efforts to protect a massive area of forested land, captive breeding has, for now, managed to avert their extinction. “The turnaround in China has just been remarkable,” McShea said.

Pandas are one of several iconic creatures that have for decades drawn the bulk of conservation support and public attention. Tigers, mountain gorillas, wolves, and elephants are other examples.

Pouring resources into a handful of popular animals was the dominant approach to conservation in the late 20th century, said Jason Gilchrist, an ecologist at Edinburgh Napier University. The idea was to use those flashy species to draw in funding that could trickle down to other animals — in other words, pandas could be tools for conservation, not just diplomacy. Plus, protecting land for one kind of animal can shield a whole host of others.

This approach, known as single-species conservation, has worked to some degree, especially for nature’s A-listers. Since 2008, for example, India has doubled its wild population of tigers. The number of mountain gorillas in Central Africa is up, too, as is the US population of gray wolves and bald eagles. Recent research also shows that past conservation efforts have, at least temporarily, helped prevent a number of bird and mammal species from going extinct.

Still, it’s hard to see this species-focused model as a success, some scientists say, if the ultimate goal of conservation is to protect biodiversity and the countless benefits it provides. On this endeavor, the world has failed.

Since 1970, as the campaign to save pandas was ramping up, populations of most major animal groups including birds, mammals, and fish have declined by an average of 69 percent . Species without popular appeal are often worse off. One-fifth of reptiles such as crocodiles and turtles are now threatened with extinction . Mussels are in peril, as are corals — two animals that provide essential services for us and other creatures. (The latter, for example, provide shelter for fish and safeguard coastal communities from flooding . Popularity isn’t always a sign of ecological importance.)

Furthermore, parks designed to protect charismatic species don’t always safeguard other animals. A 2020 study in the journal Nature, for example, found that four species of large carnivores (the leopard, snow leopard, wolf, and an Asian dog called a dhole) have declined across panda habitat since the mid-20th century. Another study , published in 2021, found that populations of several species that overlap with giant pandas, including the Asiatic black bear, Chinese serow, and forest musk deer, have all plummeted, as well. (Panda preserves may have slowed these species’ declines.)

“Panda conservation doesn’t appear to be benefiting other species, or the wider ecosystem,” Gilchrist wrote about the 2020 study. “These findings shake the foundations of one of conservation’s most enduring ideas — that investing time and money into protecting particular large, influential species can pay dividends for the other species and habitats they coexist with.”

Put another way, “you’re essentially sleepwalking into losing biodiversity by focusing resources on specific species,” Gilchrist told Vox.

Breeding animals in captivity — now a widespread practice among zoos — also has questionable benefits for wild populations, according to some researchers. “Captive breeding is not a conservation strategy,” said Jillian Ryan, a researcher who wrote her dissertation at the University of South Australia on panda conservation.

Zoos “carefully breed their animals as if they might be called upon at any moment to release them, like Noah throwing open the doors to the ark,” Emma Marris wrote in the 2021 book Wild Souls: Freedom and flourishing in the non-human world . “But that day of release never quite seems to come.”

Zoos rarely reintroduce animals to the wild because they don’t often survive, Ryan said.

A dozen or so captive pandas have been released in China so far, and at least a few of them have died. The first panda scientists ever released, named Xiang Xiang (or “Lucky”), died in 2007, less than a year after his return to the wild. He likely fell out of a tree following a fight with wild-born pandas, according to multiple news reports.

“Any reintroduction program has an inherent challenge: You’re increasing the potential for the animal to die,” said Jake Owens, director of conservation at the Los Angeles Zoo and Botanical Gardens. “The nice thing about zoos is that they do provide really high care.”

Owens and some other researchers argue that captive breeding can be an essential tool to avert extinction. It’s helped species like the endangered California condor recover , he says. Zoos and breeding facilities also help people fall in love with pandas, he said, which has put pressure on China to conserve their habitat.

But using zoo animals as inspiration for conservation has its limits, Marris argues. “There’s no unambiguous evidence that zoos are making visitors care more about conservation or take any action to support it,” she writes. People go to the zoo, she added, to be entertained.

Some scholars also argue that campaigns to save charismatic animals have distorted the human relationship with nature. Pandas, and most other highly charismatic species, are only visible in zoos or protected areas far from cities, reinforcing the idea that nature is something to look at, something apart from ourselves. Yet we all exist within ecosystems and depend on the services they provide, from water purification to crop pollination.

Indeed, most of the world’s remaining biodiversity exists alongside humanity — all 8 billion of us. To conserve wildlife, people will need to steward the plants and animals in their own backyards, in cities, in places they consider their home, said David Jachowski, a professor of wildlife ecology at Clemson University.

The environmental movement is changing. In recent decades, large environmental groups have adopted a more ecosystem-scale approach to their work.

In a previous interview with Vox, Marco Lambertini, then the head of WWF International, said that using pandas and tigers to inspire the public to care about wildlife was incredibly effective. That approach helped WWF grow into the world’s largest environmental organization. But he acknowledged that the nonprofit could have done a better job at “connecting the dots,” linking wildlife to ecosystems and all the benefits they provide for people. (WWF told Vox that ecosystem-based approaches have always been core to the organization’s strategy.)

Perhaps, then, it doesn’t make sense to have a single species as the mascot for conservation.

If there were one animal to represent the movement to conserve the natural world, the panda is probably the wrong one. It could be the weasel , Jachowski says; they’re predators that help sustain the food chain. Other researchers have argued that even earthworms would be better candidates.

Worms and weasels might not have the appeal of pandas. But they’re linchpins in a complex web of life that’s unraveling before our eyes. To sustain these and so many other underrated animals — the moths and flies, the bats and shrews — is to sustain the world’s ecosystems. It is to sustain ourselves.

Benji Jones is a senior environmental reporter at Vox, covering biodiversity loss and climate change. Before joining Vox, he was a senior energy reporter at Insider. Benji previously worked as a wildlife researcher.

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The world’s biggest owl is endangered—but it’s not too late to save it

Found throughout Russia and parts of Asia, Blakiston’s fish owl is declining due to habitat loss and climate change.

A female Blakiston’s fish owl, alert and with ear tufts erect, prepares to fly in March 2008.

Sitting motionless on a fallen tree trunk, Rada Surmach strained to hear the mournful echo of nesting owls, deep in the Tunsha River Valley of the Russian Far East.

In the twilight, she finally heard it: The duet of the Blakiston’s fish owl, an endangered species whose six-foot wingspan makes it the world’s biggest owl.

These haunting duets, rare among owl species, reinforce pair bonds. It’s as if the male is calling out to his mate, “I’m here!” to which the female responds in a lower tone, “I’m here too!”

Perched high in the forest canopy, fish owl pairs perform a four-note duet of synchronized calls that can last up to two hours. These raptors, known for their intense yellow eyes and showy ear tufts, nest in cavities of old-growth trees among the wooded river valleys of the Russian Far East, where boreal and temperate rainforests meet the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk.

Named after 19 th -century English naturalist Thomas W. Blakiston , the owl is divided into two subspecies: Bubo blakistoni doerriesi , found on the Russian mainland and likely northeastern China, and Bubo blakistoni blakistoni, which lives in Hokkaido, Japan, Russia’s southern Kuril Islands. ( Take our poll and pick your favorite superb owl.)

In Hokkaido, people put out food for the Blakiston’s fish owls and manage their populations; in Primorye Province, the mated pairs that remain—fewer than 200—are truly wild. The global population of the owls is estimated at 1,000 to 1,900 individuals.

Rada Surmach, a Ph.D. candidate and researcher at the Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity in Vladivostok, has created a long-term conservation plan to reintroduce captive-bred fish owls to the Land of the Leopard National Park in southern Primorye, a relatively developed region where the fish owl once lived.

Surmach believes that the impressive bird of prey has potential as a flagship species for raising public awareness, similar to the role played by the Siberian tiger , or Amur tiger.

“Every time I explain this is the biggest owl and it lives in our forest,” she says, “people get really excited.”

Shifting seasons, destructive storms

Fish owls face two main threats: Habitat loss and the effects of climate change .

True to their names, fish owls hunt for salmon, trout, and lamprey in icy rivers during the winter. Come springtime, the male fish owl adds amphibians to the menu to feed his mate and their single fluffy hatchling.

A changing climate could shift spring’s arrival , causing frogs to emerge too early or too late to sustain hungry fish owl chicks, says wildlife biologist Jonathan C. Slaght , the Wildlife Conservation Society ’s Russia and Northeast Asia coordinator. The results of such a shift—called a trophic mismatch—could be catastrophic, starving owlets to death and contributing to an eventual population decline, says Slaght, who published the book Owls of the Eastern Ice: A Quest to Find and Save the World’s Largest Owl in 2020 with the hopes of raising public interest in this unique owl.

As sea surface temperatures rise in the northwestern Pacific , increasingly destructive storms and typhoons have also battered Primorye in recent years—another another potential threat to the owl’s nesting sites and habitat, Slaght says. In 2016, Typhoon Lionrock caused massive damage to old-growth forests , smashing gigantic Manchurian elms, willows, and Korean pines, leaving nothing but washed-out gravel along the riverbank.

Bumps in the road

Today, by far the greatest problem for Primorye’s fish owls are logging roads, according to Slaght. These roads are legally built, but since the 1980s, the number of roads has grown more than 17-fold . Although fish owls mostly nest in tall, dead trees of no commercial value, logging roads allow people such as poachers, illegal loggers, and pine nut collectors access to more remote parts of the forest. ( Read why birds matter, and are worth protecting .)

Such intruders can pose a serious threat to fish owls and other endangered species, for instance by hitting animals with their vehicles or causing accidental wildfires.

In addition., loggers often tear down old-growth trees favored by nesting fish owls to build impromptu bridges through the forest. To encourage logging companies to find other alternatives, Slaght and Sergey Surmach —Rada Surmach’s father, who has studied fish owls for three decades—completed a five-year study on fish owl habitat in 2010.

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The scientists advised logging companies to steer clear of certain old-growth tree species, such as elm, chosenia, and Japanese poplar, and instead harvest more common trees not used by fish owls, such as Dahurian larch and aspen. They also urged logging operations to block unused roads with berms to keep out illegal loggers and poachers. Even if the roads aren’t blocked permanently, such closures give wildlife a reprieve, says Slaght.

TerneyLes , the biggest logging company operating in Primorye, did not respond to two email requests for comment about its role in owl conservation.

Walk on the wild side

On the positive side, conservationists say, Primorye has already protected about 10.8 million square miles, or 17 percent, of its total landmass, either in federal or local preserves. Just in the last 15 years, the province has established four new protected areas totaling about 6,100 square miles.

The province’s government also has a long history of environmental stewardship and collaboration with conservationists, particularly in regards to Siberian tigers and Amur leopards , says Victor Bardyuk, director of the Land of Leopard National Park .

“The preservation of these animals, including Blakiston’s fish owl, is a vivid example of people’s attitude to nature and the effective work of the state to preserve it,” Bardyuk says. ( Take a look inside Russia’s wildest nature reserves .)

A Blakiston's fish owl from the Bubo blakistoni blakistoni subspecies flies near Rausu, Japan.

He adds that logging prohibitions in “high-status protected areas,” setting quotas for timber, and satellite monitoring of logging activities have helped protect the critically endangered Amur leopard, which only numbers around a hundred wild animals.

Svetlana Soutyrina, the director of Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve , Primorye’s largest protected area, says her reserve has greater control over illegal timber trafficking and poaching in recent years. And the involvement of nonprofits such as the Wildlife Conservation Society, WWF Russia, and the Amur Tiger Center have improved conditions for the region’s wildlife—including the fish owl.

Though it’s still years away, Rada Surmach and colleagues hope to launch a captive-breeding program for the owl. That could create an insurance population of animals that could be someday released into the wild. In 2018, the Moscow Zoo launched a Blakiston’s fish owl breeding program , which currently is made up of two B. b. blakistoni females, one in Moscow and another at the Sakhalin Island Zoo .

“They’re the king here”

Such efforts don’t just benefit fish owls. Habitat that remains wild enough to support the bird is more likely to meet the needs of countless creatures, including yellow-throated martens, red deer, brown bear, moose, Eurasian lynx, and many more, conservationists say. ( Here’s what we lose when a species goes extinct .)

“Primorye is a place where there’s still wilderness,” says Slaght. “There’s something worth protecting, and it can be done.”

Recalling her first encounter with fish owls in the wild, Rada Surmach says, was akin to discovering fresh tiger footprints in the snow.

“You realize that you are not alone in this forest. There are wild creatures around you," she says. “It’s their forest, and they’re the king here.”

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Project Pawsitivity

A Sitting For a Cause Blog Featuring All Things Pet-Related

Subway Strays: The Dogs of Moscow’s Metro

Despite the collapse of the Soviet Union, the stray dogs in Moscow have a surprisingly well-documented history which animal behaviorists have been paying close attention to for several decades. During the Soviet period in Russia the packs of wild (or stray) dogs in were regulated. Only the clever canines who learned to stay in isolation were able to survive. Usually, these dogs would remain on the outskirts of the city hunting in wild packs, as the living in the city was dangerous and food scarce.  After the fall of the Soviet Union quality of life in Russia began to slowly improve and with it more street vendors and food collecting in busy neighborhoods. This began to bring some the stray dogs out of the suburbs into the city.

Today, there are nearly 35,000 stray dogs that call Moscow home. Out of these 35,000 stray dogs there are about 500 that have taken to living underground. Out of these dogs, there are a few that have started thinking outside the box and inside the boxcar. They have begun the slow move underground to stay out of the cold (Russian winters reach an average of -5 degrees every day). Many of the Russian commuters embraced the dog’s underground migration by petting them or giving them food.

Though these claims may seem like the made up type of internet misinformation that we have learned to be skeptical of these days, it is actually sourced to a Russian biologist by the name of  Dr. Andrey Poyarkov , a highly regarded scientist in his field of study. As it turns out Poyarkov has been studying these dogs for the last thirty years and told news sources back in 2010 that he suspected a small fraction of these underground dogs had actually learned to use the subway in order to beg for food in bustling urban areas where food is more plentiful.

Andrei Neuronov , an animal behaviorist, says much like you train your dogs at home to respond to verbal commands like “sit” or “stay,” the Moscow metro dogs are using audio cues from the subway stops they have learned. The dogs memorize the names of the stops to navigate the subway systems in order to take them to heavily populated places during the day and get food.  Then, they return to their more secluded corners of the suburbs at night where they are less likely to be bothered by people.  Here is a story ABC did back in 2011, talking about this very thing.

Do you have any information on how to help these dogs?  Please share and comment below.

Sensor fusion with multi-modal ground sensor network for endangered animal protection in large areas

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• Vaddkkepurakkal, Prasanna
• Alshehri, Feras

Based upon bench and field testing five distinct sensors as candidates for use in a large area ground sensor network, our team has determined cooperative sensor fusion modes of operation for infrasound, audible acoustic, fence vibration, visible cameras, and seismic geophones. The goal has been efficient coverage of large areas to provide alerts for poaching activity hot spots so UAVs (Unoccupied Aerial Vehicles) can provide rapid response to prevent poaching without need for constant patrolling. Prior work by our research team has focused on evaluation of sensing modes with a range of spatial, temporal, and spectral capabilities (satellite, aerial, ground acoustic, electrooptical/infrared, seismic, and fence vibration). Focus has been construction of low-cost sensors for sensor fusion to provide situational awareness via web interfaces. These systems jointly developed by Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University with California State University Chico have been tested at the Chico State University farm, and top-down sensor fusion methods such as deep learning (to detect or classify animals and threats) as well as bottom-up image and signal processing have been developed to create a fog and edge computing architecture. Modalities that specifically target elephant communication with infrasound and seismic activity are being investigated to enhance overall animal detection, tracking, and assessment of behavior. The goal is to evaluate effectiveness prior to testing on-site at a game park in South Africa, and to determine if the methods can be scaled to areas as large as Rietvlei, Medikwe, and Coleridge South Africa. Preliminary results from fog and edge node testing of visual and acoustic sensor fusion with artificial emulation of elephant vocalizations, infrasound rumbles, and stimulation typical of human presence (vehicles and voices) are provided along with promise to drive a heat map showing where park rangers should respond with highest priority.

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Fossil Hints That Jurassic Mammals Lived Slow and Died Old

Scientists found an unexpected aging pattern in a mostly intact juvenile mammal skeleton from the paleontological period.

By Jack Tamisiea

Small mammals often live fast and die young. Rodents and shrews mature quickly, mate within months and usually go belly up in a year or two. Some giant rats kick the bucket in just six months.

But miniature mammals have not always burned out so quickly. Researchers recently analyzed a pair of fossilized skeletons belonging to a mouse-size mammal relative that lived among dinosaurs during the Jurassic period. Their findings, published Wednesday in the journal Nature , reveal that these critters lived much longer and grew more slowly than their similarly sized descendants.

The two specimens were discovered decades apart on the Isle of Skye in Scotland. This craggy island was home to swampy lagoons fringed by dense forests 166 million years ago. Sauropod dinosaurs stomped across the mud as pterosaurs flew overhead. Scurrying underfoot was a menagerie of Mesozoic mammal relatives.

Krusatodon kirtlingtonensis was among these ancestral mammals. The species was previously known only from fossilized teeth. The two newly described specimens provide a more complete picture of Krusatodon, which resembled a pint-size possum and weighed less than a hockey puck.

The larger of the Krusatodon specimens was discovered in the 1970s. The smaller Krusatodon was discovered in 2016 by Elsa Panciroli, a paleontologist at National Museums Scotland and the lead author of the new study, and her team. It remains the only relatively complete skeleton of a juvenile Jurassic mammal known to science.

Dr. Panciroli said she was delighted “to realize that the two of them were an adult and a juvenile of the same species.”

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