phd programs for law enforcement

10 Best Grad Schools with Online Doctorate in Law Enforcement

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Updated: February 29, 2024 , Reading time: 17 minutes

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Many people are attracted to law enforcement because they genuinely want to give back to their communities and promote public safety. They have an incredible feeling of responsibility and desire to make a difference by upholding the law, combating crime, and safeguarding the public. More so, positions in law enforcement frequently offer chances for progression and personal development.

Professionals seeking advanced professional abilities for law enforcement careers should consider pursuing a doctoral program.

Additional Information:

• The Best Doctor of Law/Juris Doctor Graduate Schools
• The Best Doctor of Educational Leadership (Ed.D.) and Administration Graduate Schools
• Best Grad Schools with Online Doctorate in Criminology

Online doctoral degree programs leading to law enforcement careers are vast and varied. Some of the field’s most famous academic paths include criminology, homeland security, forensic sciences, strategic security, public safety, cybersecurity, and criminal justice degree programs. Online degree programs provide students with the flexibility and academic rigor they need to pursue advanced education while leading busy work-life schedules.

Quick audio summary:

Methodology

We’ve listed different schools to help you earn a degree best suited for your professional goals. While each major has its own merits, we’ve made sure that the professional programs listed possess the following qualities:

• Received proper accreditation from regional and programmatic accrediting agencies, ensuring that students receive reputable and highly valued degrees,
• Offers financial aid opportunities in addition to student support services, including but not limited to academic advising, career development, networking, and virtual library,
• Allow online students to learn from exceptional doctorate faculty with years of expertise in their respective fields,
• Provide students access to online coursework, giving them more control of their doctoral studies, 
• Offers a curriculum that includes courses relevant to the major and 21st-century law enforcement fields. 

Please read our Methodology  to find out what goes into our selection and ranking processes.

Top 10 Online Doctoral Programs in Law Enforcement

University of arizona global campus.

Doctor of Psychology – Criminology & Justice Studies

Law enforcement careers seek professionals who can comprehend the emotions, actions, and cognitive patterns that motivate criminal behavior. Psychology majors aid law enforcement organizations in understanding why crime occurs in the first place, putting them in high demand. You can consider the University of Arizona Global Campus’ Doctor of Psychology with a specialization in Criminology and Justice Studies if you want to gain knowledge about general psychology and the criminal justice system.

This law enforcement major at UAGC requires students to complete rigorous coursework designed to educate them for professions in applied fields where they can apply psychological theories and research to study crime and justice and crime prevention strategies. Graduates often pursue careers in academics, research, policy-making, law enforcement, prisons, victim advocacy groups, and consultancy.

Some of the program’s courses include contemporary criminological theories, the juvenile justice system, and criminal justice intervention. While coursework can be completed online, students must visit the campus for three non-credit In-Residence Workshops. Additionally, students must complete an Applied Doctoral Project or Dissertation.

Walden University

PhD in Criminal Justice

Walden University offers one of the best and most customizable online doctorates in law enforcement. Walden’s online PhD in Criminal Justice program allows students to modify their degrees by choosing one of seven specializations: Global Leadership, Homeland Security Policy and Coordination, Emergency Management, Law and Public Policy, Justice Administration, Online Teaching in Higher Education, and Public Management and Leadership.

Students who don’t want to specialize can pursue the program’s General Program, which focuses on analyzing historical events and their effect on the modern criminal justice system.

Students with and without a master’s degree in criminal justice and its related field can apply for the program. However, those without a master’s degree will be placed in Track 2, which offers no elective courses. Applicants with a master’s degree in criminal justice and its related field will have the opportunity to pursue an additional 15 credit hours for electives in Track 1. Both tracks, however, will require students to attend Four PhD residencies on campus.

Students eager to graduate faster can pursue the PhD in criminal justice fast-track option, a rare feature in criminal justice PhD programs. By enrolling in more courses each term, the Fast Track option allows you to finish your PhD in Criminal Justice online program in less time.

Pennsylvania Western University

Doctorate in Criminal Justice

Law enforcement professionals who want to focus their students on the criminal justice system can consider PennWest’s Doctorate in Criminal Justice degree program. With the exemption of a one-week residency, this doctorate can be completed 100% online. Moreover, this online doctorate is one of the country’s first regionally accredited doctorate in criminal justice programs.

PennWest’s online criminal justice degree offers a curriculum that allows doctoral students to address current criminal justice concerns and policy changes. The program enhances understanding of current issues in the area, builds skills in in-depth analysis, policy implementation, and assessment, and lays the groundwork for leadership in the criminal justice sector. Coursework includes managing crises in the penal system, modern policing techniques, civil liability training, and legal research techniques.

Thanks to its rigorous coursework and flexible pacing, criminal justice students can focus on their current work while advancing their knowledge and skills for upper-level law enforcement positions. Graduates of the program are qualified to pursue higher-level management roles in various industries, including federal, state, and local police agencies, correctional departments, sheriff’s offices, and juvenile justice agencies.

Liberty University

Doctor of Law and Policy

Professionals who want to focus on analyzing the interface between law and public policy and how they interact and affect one another should consider Liberty University’s online Doctor of Law and Policy. This law enforcement program helps students gain capabilities to solve complex legal and policy concerns, devise workable strategies, and contribute to the creation and execution of policy. It’s a 100% online program that can be completed with accelerated 8-week courses.

The curriculum comprises four elements: legal research methods and tools, law, policy, and a five-step capstone sequence. During the program, online graduate students will gain knowledge of the concepts of statesmanship and public policy, the founding era, the Constitution, current issues, the function of the state, the principles of federalism, and the technique of policy analysis.

In addition to those topics, students must showcase their knowledge and skills through a capstone series, allowing them to improve their research techniques.

St. John’s University

Doctor of Professional Studies in Homeland Security

Professionals who want to switch careers and help governments coordinate efforts and actions to safeguard the people, vital infrastructure, and territorial integrity should pursue St. John University’s Doctor of Professional Studies in Homeland Security. This doctorate degree will prepare students to help government and private agencies with challenges and evolving threats related to emergency management, national security, and homeland defense. It includes various actions and programs to boost a country’s security and adaptability.

Students in the program should expect to receive a ground-breaking 78-credit curriculum that will equip them with knowledge about security issues faced by public and private organizations and agencies within the Homeland Security Enterprise. They will also develop better decision-making, organizational design, leadership, and administrative practice skills necessary for emergency and disaster preparedness. The program will draw on international best practices and domestic Homeland Security initiatives.

In addition to online courses, students must participate in a few on-campus intensives in the university’s Homeland Security/Emergency Management Simulation Lab and Cyber Security Lab. These labs provide cutting-edge laboratory simulations and cyber security exercises.

National University

Doctor of Criminal Justice

Professionals who want to advance their careers or positions in the criminal justice field can consider National University’s online Doctor of Criminal Justice program. This doctoral program assists criminal justice professionals in advancing in their fields by developing their management and leadership abilities and practical strategies for dealing with the issues now affecting the industry. They’ll also be equipped with a thorough understanding of criminal justice theory valuable in assessing criminal justice problems and offering workable solutions.

Students in this criminal justice doctorate can modify their program by choosing specializations that best align with their professional goals. Organizational Leadership, Public Administration, Policing, and Homeland Security are the program’s specializations. Through core courses and specializations, students can research, create budgets, plan, coordinate, and oversee activities for community and criminal justice organizations.

Students can complete the required coursework 100% online whenever convenient, with no residency requirement. In addition to having zero residencies, the program does not ask for GRE or GMAT prerequisites and will not require online students to attend any on-campus group projects. National University also provides a special one-to-one learning methodology that gives students the direction, focus, and assistance they need to succeed.

National American University

Doctor of Strategic Security

Professionals planning on enhancing their knowledge and expertise in national security, risk management, counterterrorism, and defense policy can pursue NAU’s online Doctor of Strategic Security program. The program’s curriculum thoroughly explains the intricate security issues that enterprises, governments, and communities must deal with. Through research, policy analysis, and applying security principles, it seeks to cultivate strategic leaders and thinkers who can assess and handle these problems.

This online law enforcement doctorate can be completed entirely online, giving students the maximum flexibility they need to balance their current careers and studies. Online students will receive cutting-edge information, abilities, and insights to handle new threat-based issues and safeguard people, organizations, and the overall strategic environment. This program is best for current mid- and senior-level professionals and those starting in the field.

Online courses include Advanced Strategic Security Analysis and Critique, Strategic Security Information Literacy, and The Strategic Intelligence Process and Policy. Students will receive professional insights from teachers and guest lecturers through online and face-to-face meetings focusing on thwarting and preventing safety and security concerns.

Oklahoma State University

Doctor of Forensic Sciences

Forensic-trained individuals are in high demand by law enforcement authorities. Pursuing a Doctorate in Forensic Science will give you the training to identify crimes and ensure that the proper procedures are followed while managing crime scenes and evidence. Oklahoma State University’s forensic science degree is one of the country’s best online programs leading to law enforcement careers.

As an applied doctoral study, students will obtain an advanced knowledge base, strategies, methodologies, and procedures for upper-level forensic science careers. In addition to being an applied doctorate, the curriculum uses an interdisciplinary approach, which includes courses from various related disciplines, such as forensic biology, chemistry, anthropology, psychology, crime scene investigation, and legal elements of forensic science. The interdisciplinary method enables students to understand the various branches of forensic sciences thoroughly.

In-depth forensic science disciplines like DNA analysis, fingerprint analysis, ballistics, toxicology, forensic pathology, digital forensics, forensic anthropology, forensic psychology, and forensic entomology are studied by students. The program can also address cutting-edge forensic science fields and technology.

Colorado Technical University

Doctor of Computer Science – Cybersecurity and Information Assurance

As the world today relies on computers for faster transactions and efficient storing of files, more and more industries are employing computer science graduates. The profession of law enforcement is relying more and more on computer science. If you want to pursue law employment careers and love technology, you might as well pursue Colorado Technical University’s Doctor of Computer Science and major in Cybersecurity and Information Assurance.

This online doctorate focuses on research, practical knowledge, and leadership topics in computer science and how it can help improve criminal justice practice. Students in the program explore advanced courses in Digital Systems Security, Enterprise Security Architecture, Governance, Quality, Compliance and Ethics, Security Management, and more.

The curriculum also incorporates actual cybersecurity issues. Through the program’s applied projects, students can use their academic knowledge and practical abilities to address current cybersecurity issues. Students may work alone or in groups on assignments that imitate business scenarios or tackle particular cybersecurity problems.

Charles Sturt University

Doctor of Public Safety

Another law enforcement major best for people passionate about ensuring the welfare of the general public is the online Doctor of Public Safety at Charles Sturt University. This doctorate is a 100% online program with no required on-campus visits. This is perfect for adult learners seeking flexibility in their studies.

The program satisfies the growing demand from public safety professionals who want to make a meaningful and original contribution to knowledge in practice. Students get in-depth knowledge of research methodologies and principles relevant to their public safety field, giving them the continual ability to produce new knowledge in their professional practice.

Graduates will undergo a curriculum comprising 70% research and 30% coursework. Students are given supervision and work on strong research techniques and literature review chapters during the coursework phase, preparing them for the research and dissertation phases with assurance.

Top Career Opportunities for Doctorate in Law Enforcement Degree Holders

Postsecondary Teacher

Postsecondary teachers are educators in higher learning institutions, such as colleges and universities. These professionals share knowledge and teach students about a specific major, depending on their field. Instructing and educating students pursuing degrees in criminal justice or related subjects is their primary responsibility. 

Chief Technology Officer

You can pursue leadership positions as a Chief Technology Officer inside law enforcement agencies if you have a degree in computer science. These professionals manage IT operations, oversee the agency’s IT strategy, and promote innovation to improve law enforcement capabilities. 

Law Enforcement Consultant

Numerous government institutions, commercial businesses, and law enforcement agencies want the assistance of people with significant legal knowledge. As a consultant, you can advise on risk assessment, training programs, policy formulation, strategic planning, and other matters pertinent to law enforcement operations.

Training and Education Specialist

The personnel of many law enforcement agencies and organizations must complete specific training courses. You can work as a training and education specialist, planning and delivering training programs to improve the abilities and knowledge of law enforcement officers if you have a doctorate in law enforcement.

Senior Leadership Positions

Earning a doctorate in law enforcement can improve your chances of obtaining senior leadership positions within law enforcement agencies. You might be qualified for jobs like superintendent, commissioner, director, or police chief. Within law enforcement organizations, these jobs entail managing operations, creating policies, and carrying out strategic plans.

Private Security Consultant

Graduates of security programs commonly pursue this path. Private security consultants advise on security precautions, threat assessment, risk management, and crisis response. You can provide your knowledge as a consultant to improve an organization’s security posture and support inquiries.

Researchers in Criminal Justice Organizations

To conduct research, assess programs, and support evidence-based methods in the criminal justice system, government organizations and academic institutions frequently hire researchers with experience in law enforcement. 

Criminal Justice Policy Analyst

You can work as a policy analyst for governmental organizations, think tanks, or research institutions. You would evaluate the efficacy of present law enforcement policies, make suggestions for improvements, and help the criminal justice system make decisions based on solid evidence.

Criminal Justice Administrator

Law enforcement agencies are not the only criminal justice institutions that need experienced administrators; there are prisons, probation offices, and juvenile justice divisions. You can seek administrative positions within these organizations with a doctorate in law enforcement, supervising operations, implementing policies, and assuring timely and effective service delivery.

What You Need To Know Before Pursuing Law Enforcement Careers

Careers in law enforcement can be demanding, rewarding, and diverse. Before considering a career in the field, it is essential to understand what you’re getting into to ensure you won’t regret your choices.

Job Responsibilities

Maintaining public safety, upholding the law, stopping and looking into crimes, and safeguarding the well-being of their communities are all responsibilities of law enforcement personnel. Patrolling defined areas, reacting to crises, conducting investigations, making arrests, filing reports, giving testimony in court, and interacting with the community are just a few examples of duties that might vary according to the function and agency.

Working Conditions

Shift work and irregular work schedules, such as evening, weekend, holiday, and overnight shifts, are frequent in law enforcement employment. Officers may work outside in a variety of climates and possibly hazardous circumstances. The job can be emotionally and physically taxing. Therefore, it’s important to have resilience and good stress management skills.

Physical and Mental Wellness

Many law enforcement professions need a high level of physical preparedness and wellness. Officers may need to participate in regular fitness training to fulfill physical performance standards and be ready for physically demanding situations. It’s crucial to maintain general health and wellness to manage the stress and demands of the job.

Required Skills 

Successful law enforcement officers frequently possess various abilities and traits, including problem-solving, active listening, good communication, decision-making, teamwork, integrity, empathy, and self-discipline. Strong ethical principles, cultural awareness, and the capacity to remain calm under pressure are also crucial.

Career Advancement 

Law enforcement agencies typically offer opportunities for career advancement and promotions based on performance, experience, and education. Advancement may involve promotion to higher ranks, specialized units, supervisory positions, or administrative roles within the agency. Some agencies provide opportunities for further professional development and technical training.

Community Engagement

Law enforcement organizations place a growing emphasis on the value of community involvement and developing strong bonds with the communities they serve. Officers are urged to participate in community outreach programs, community policing initiatives, and collaboration with neighborhood organizations.

Training and Professional Development

Law enforcement officers must participate in various training and professional development activities. Training programs may include a variety of topics, including de-escalation techniques, cultural diversity, crisis intervention, legal updates, forensic developments, and technological applications. Officers must stay current with best practices, evolving legislative requirements, and new developments in law enforcement.

Job Outlook and Salary

The employment prospects for law enforcement positions vary by region and job type. Although there is a consistent demand for law enforcement workers, there can be fierce job competition. Additionally, salaries differ according to criteria like agency size, geography, status, and experience.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the benefits of obtaining a criminal justice degree with a law enforcement emphasis.

Law enforcement professionals with doctorates in criminal justice are better equipped to serve their communities. Police officers can be more efficient as law enforcement personnel if they better understand the criminal justice system.

What’s the best major for a career in Law Enforcement?

The best major depends on your interests and goals. It’s important to consider your passion and work experience. It would help if you thoroughly researched each major before deciding what to pursue. Ultimately, the major would be something you love; you are more likely to be inspired to find a well-paying job and progress in your career. 

Is a PhD better than other doctorates?

There’s no telling. A PhD is best for those who want to immerse in teaching at postsecondary institutions and research in the field.  

Key Takeaways

• Law enforcement doctorates are broad and cover several fields. The most common fields include criminal justice, psychology, computer science, public safety, criminology, and strategic security.
• Online law enforcement doctorates are the most flexible, but not the easiest, ways to pursue advanced knowledge. It employs the same on-campus doctoral program curriculum.
• Aspiring law enforcement professionals should be aware of what they’re getting into. A career in this field is a dedication to doing what is right and furthering the common good.

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Where To Earn A Ph.D. In Criminal Justice Online In 2024

Updated: Nov 27, 2023, 9:42am

If you want an advanced career in criminal justice influencing the future of the field through research, teaching and scholarship, a Ph.D. in criminal justice might be the right fit for you. You can explore several current hot-button issues in the field to become a professional who can think critically and help law enforcement evolve in positive ways.

Ph.D. programs typically include plenty of theory-based coursework and culminate in a dissertation, which usually requires students to contribute to the larger academic conversation in the field. If you pursue your criminal justice degree online, you can complete these requirements from the comfort of your home.

As of October 2023, there is only one school offering a Ph.D. in criminal justice online. Read on to learn more about that program and the degree in general.

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• 6,290 accredited, nonprofit colleges and universities analyzed nationwide
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Nova Southeastern University

Headquartered in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Nova Southeastern University reaches students around the nation with its online programs, including its online Ph.D. in criminal justice. The program’s 60-credit curriculum offers three concentration options in organizational leadership, behavioral science and juvenile justice.

Learners can earn this Ph.D. from NSU without completing any in-person requirements. Most full-time students take two courses at a time.

The program typically admits 20 students per year. Incoming learners can begin their coursework each August. Tuition costs $1,277 per credit.

At a Glance

• School Type: Private
• Application Fee: $50
• Degree Credit Requirements: 60 credits
• Program Enrollment Options: Full time, part time
• Notable Major-Specific Courses: Theories of crime, the police and society
• Concentrations Available: Organizational leadership, behavioral science, juvenile justice
• In-Person Requirements: No

How To Find the Right Online Ph.D. in Criminal Justice for You

Consider your future goals.

An online Ph.D in criminal justice requires a significant investment of time and money, so it’s important to make sure it’s the right choice for you before enrolling.

A Ph.D. in criminal justice typically leads to careers in policy and academia. Ph.D. degree holders can find jobs as professors, educating the next generation of criminal justice professionals and performing research and scholarship that advances the field.

If you plan to work in law enforcement or a similar field, holding a Ph.D. isn’t necessary, and this degree type does not focus on boots-on-the-ground law enforcement work. Most professorships, on the other hand, do require a terminal degree in the field, such as a Ph.D.

Understand Your Expenses and Financing Options

Nova Southeastern University’s online Ph.D. program in criminal justice—the only qualifying degree in our ranking—charged $1,277 per credit as of October 2023. Over the course of 60 credits, this translates to approximately $77,000 in total tuition.

Make sure to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSAⓇ) to access financial aid opportunities like loans, grants, scholarships and work-study programs. You may also have access to graduate assistantships and other teaching or research opportunities through your school to help offset the cost of your education. These opportunities generally require teaching or serving as a teacher assistant for undergraduate courses.

Should You Earn a Ph.D. in Criminal Justice Online?

Before committing to an online doctoral program in criminal justice, ask yourself a few key questions to make sure it’s the right fit for you:

• What’s your budget? Some Ph.D. programs actually provide students with a stipend in exchange for research or teaching. Regardless, online Ph.D. students can avoid in-person costs like housing and transportation. Some public universities also allow out-of-state students who exclusively enroll in online courses to pay in-state or otherwise discounted tuition rates.
• How do you learn best? Online learning is a good fit for disciplined, organized students who already have advanced time-management skills. If you crave additional structure and guardrails or need the support of a cohort, in-person learning might provide a better fit.
• What are your other commitments? Doctoral students are often older learners who work full time or have children. Online learning is often a good fit for these types of learners, as it provides additional flexibility. For example, asynchronous online courses allow parents and working professionals to complete coursework around their other obligations and responsibilities.

Accreditation for Criminal Justice Doctorates Online

There are two important types of accreditation: institutional and programmatic.

Institutional accreditation is the more important of the two. The U.S. Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation oversee the accrediting agencies that administer this process. These organizations vet schools for the quality of their faculty, student outcomes and finances, among other categories.

You should enroll only at schools with institutional accreditation. Otherwise, you cannot receive federal financial aid, and future employers may not recognize your degree.

Programmatic accreditation, which provides quality assurance in specific fields, is not prevalent at the graduate level among criminal justice degrees . However, some programs hold accreditation through the Academy of Criminal Justice Science.

Our Methodology

We scored one accredited, nonprofit college offering online Ph.D. in criminal justice programs in the U.S. using 15 data points in the categories of credibility, affordability, student outcomes and student experience. We pulled data for these categories from reliable resources such as the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ; private, third-party data sources; and individual school and program websites. Data is accurate as of June 2023.

We scored schools based on the following categories:

Student Outcomes:

• Overall graduation rate
• Median earnings 10 years after graduation

Affordability:

• In-state graduate student tuition
• In-state graduate student fees
• Alternative tuition plans offered
• Median federal student loan debt
• Percentage of students in federal student loan deferment

Student Experience:

• Student-to-faculty ratio
• Socioeconomic diversity
• Availability of online coursework
• Total number of graduate assistants
• More than 50% of graduate students enrolled in at least some distance education

Credibility:

• Fully accredited
• Programmatic accreditation status
• Nonprofit status

We listed the only school in the U.S. that met our ranking criteria.

Find our full list of methodologies here .

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Ph.D. in Criminal Justice Online Programs

How many years is a ph.d. in criminal justice.

Completion timelines depend on your enrollment status and your program’s dissertation and capstone requirements. For example, NSU’s program requires 60 credits, and most students take two three-credit courses at a time to graduate in 10 terms. This might take anywhere from four to six years.

Can I do my Ph.D. online?

Yes, you can earn a Ph.D. in criminal justice online, though very few U.S. universities offer this degree in a fully online format.

What is the fastest Ph.D. in criminal justice?

Given coursework and dissertation requirements, you can expect to spend at least four years completing a Ph.D. in criminal justice. You may finish faster if you find an accelerated program or take a heavy course load.

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Mikeie Reiland is a writer who has written features for Oxford American, Bitter Southerner, Gravy, and SB Nation, among other publications. He received a James Beard nomination for a feature he wrote in 2023.

Doctoral Degree Programs in Criminal Justice

Pursuing a doctoral degree in criminal justice is one way to reach the highest level of the profession and make a lasting impact on the field. People who pursue degrees at this level are interested in expanding our understanding of criminal behavior and how to deal with it. Graduates with this degree often achieve high-level academic positions or work in research, consulting firms, or public policy groups. They make significant contributions to a wide variety of criminal justice-related organizations.

Types of Criminal Justice Doctoral Degrees

There are a variety of doctorates in the field of criminal justice, all of which serve different purposes. In fact, the primary thing they have in common is that they could all lead to a career in academia, as you would be researching or teaching college-aged learners within your field of study. Below, you can find examples of some of the more common doctoral degrees in criminal justice along with typical concentrations—though these concentrations aren’t your only choices.

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Criminal Justice

This degree tends to focus on research and academia. Ph.D. candidates in criminal justice fields often study theories, policies, and educational methods. Ph.D. programs typically end in a dissertation or capstone project, both of which are research-intensive and result in either a paper or full-scale study, respectively.

Common Ph.D. concentrations: criminal justice, criminology, forensic science , social work , cybersecurity , homeland security, policy

Doctor of Criminal Justice (D.C.J.)

D.C.J. is the newest accredited doctoral degree in criminal justice. This degree is for people who already have extensive practical experience in the criminal justice field to help them become leaders in their area or focus on a new one.

Common D.C.J. concentrations: homeland security , criminal justice policy

Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) in Criminal Justice

Psy.D. candidates in criminal justice fields focus on the environmental and mental challenges that lead to criminality. Criminal activity isn’t black and white; many perpetrators come from abusive environments, experience high poverty, suffer from mental health issues, or have other challenging situations. The job of someone with a Psy.D. is to figure out why people commit crimes and try to find solutions to problems on an individual or widespread level.

Common Psy.D. concentrations: forensic science , social work , criminal profiling , juvenile justice

Doctor of Public Administration (D.P.A.)

D.P.A. programs allow you to learn about, analyze, and plan for improvements in policy and program administration in a variety of fields, including criminal justice. These programs focus on topics such as government and nonprofit administration, leadership, and program planning and management.

Common D.P.A. concentrations: policy, administration of justice

Juris Doctor (J.D.)

While not a doctoral degree in the traditional sense, a J.D. is a terminal degree for people who wish to work as a lawyer. Those with this degree don’t typically refer to themselves as doctors.

Common J.D. concentrations: prosecutor , defense attorney , possibly leading to a judgeship

How to Get Your Doctoral Degree in Criminal Justice

Students pursuing a doctoral degree in criminal justice typically complete 40–60 semester credits, which takes around two years of study, plus an additional two or so years to complete a dissertation or capstone project. Some programs also require a residency, in which you will work in a criminal justice field under a mentor for approximately one year. If you’re taking an online program, you may be required to attend one or more residencies or colloquia (conferences or seminars with your specific graduating class) at different stages of the program.

Juris Doctors spend more time in school—around 90 credit hours, or three years, in law school. Though you typically won’t need to complete a dissertation or capstone project, you will generally need to get hands-on experience through an internship or practicum. To become a lawyer, you will need to pass your state bar exam.

Criminal Justice Doctoral Program Entry Requirements

While entry requirements will vary by institution, the following are some typical admission requirements:

• A minimum of a bachelor’s degree, ideally in a relevant field; some require a master’s or J.D.
• Professional experience relating to the field you plan to study
• A high GPA from previous studies, usually a minimum of a 3.0
• Letters of recommendation from professors, managers, or coworkers
• Competitive GRE scores
• A completed application and related fee

Criminal Justice Doctoral Curricula

Though each doctoral program will have a unique curriculum, certain types of classes are relatively universal:

• Court Process and Institutions: While undergraduate criminal justice classes cover the basics of how the courts work, doctoral programs look at specific issues and laws that govern how the courts are run on a day-to-day basis. Some of the issues include judicial processes, interpretation and implementation of constitutional law, financial and social costs of capital punishment, victim justice, and system flaws.
• Criminal Justice Policy: Courses in criminal justice policy and administration explore the challenges associated with combining research, criminological theory, and political trends into proposals for positive changes within the many areas of the criminal justice system.
• Criminological Theory: Advanced studies on criminological theory teach students how theories about crime causation are developed and the roles they play in today’s criminal justice system.
• Law and Social Order: Classes in law and social order are crucial to all criminal justice jobs because they define the role laws play in public safety and the modern society in general. They also help students learn how to deal with controversial issues such as the death penalty, imprisonment, and the prevalence of crime across different ethnic groups and social classes.
• Public Policy and Administration: Classes in public policy and administration cover a diverse set of issues that criminal justice professionals face. They emphasize change through effective management and are thus helpful for students who are interested in decision-making positions.

For all these doctoral programs (not including law school), you will need to complete a dissertation or capstone project. While a dissertation is research-based, a capstone project is about the practical application of knowledge. You will complete hands-on work in an attempt to solve a problem in the criminal justice field and ultimately write a paper or create a portfolio or other product and report, sharing and defending your findings.

Completing a dissertation requires you to research a significant problem in criminal justice, such as domestic violence, illegal immigration, incarceration rates, or juvenile crime, then write an extensive paper on your findings. A capstone project requires you to focus on a problem or health issue and complete a full-scale study on it, with a paper, portfolio, or presentation—or combination thereof—at completion.  A faculty advisor will provide guidance and mentor you throughout the process. Upon completion, the student will submit and defend their work before a committee. The committee has the final say on the acceptance and publication of the work.

Online Doctoral Degrees in Criminal Justice

Doctorates in criminal justice are frequently available exclusively or almost exclusively online . Accredited online degrees can be just as prestigious and high-quality as accredited on-campus programs, as they’re taught by fully qualified professionals and have the same rigor. You’ll also have access to an academic advisor and financial aid opportunities, just as you would in a brick-and-mortar school.

Pros of Online Doctorates in Criminal Justice

• Generally more flexible than on-campus programs, allowing you to maintain your current employment
• No need to travel to campus, saving you money on transportation expenses
• Less chance of contracting illnesses from others in packed classrooms
• Easy access to posted lessons and conversations, which means you can review materials as needed

Cons of Online Doctorates in Criminal Justice

• Little to no in-person communication, which some people thrive on
• Must have access to reliable technology, including the internet, a device compatible with your school’s learning management system (the website on which your classes are held), and a webcam
• Group work may be required, and coordination can be difficult, particularly if group members live in different time zones

One frequently cited drawback to online learning is the need to be self-motivated to create your own structure and discipline. However, success at the doctoral level requires these traits of students even in on-campus programs, because structured coursework is not the primary focus of the program as with the undergraduate or master’s levels.

Paying for Your Criminal Justice Doctorate

Doctorates in criminal justice will vary widely in cost based on the type of degree and specific institution. As of the 2019–2020 school year, full-time doctoral candidates across all areas of study paid an average of $11,380 per year at public institutions and $45,380 at private, nonprofit institutions. However, this is the “sticker price” and doesn’t factor in scholarships, grants, or teaching assistant funding.

You have a variety of options, including federal aid , for assistance in paying for your degree. Before exploring these options—particularly any that need to be paid back—you should discuss funding opportunities through your current place of work to see if they provide any tuition assistance or reimbursement in exchange for agreeing to years of service.

Types of Financial Aid for Doctorates in Criminal Justice

• Loans: Loans can be provided by the government or private institutions like banks. These funds gain interest and must be paid back, so be sure to only borrow what you need.
• Public service loan forgiveness: If you have certain types of governmental loans, you may be eligible for forgiveness of some of your loans if you work full time for the government or qualifying nonprofits that serve the community.
• Assistantship: Some doctoral programs allow students to serve as teaching or research assistants for professors, which will offset some or all of the degree costs.
• Full funding: It isn’t uncommon for doctoral programs to be fully funded by the university , even in the field of criminal justice. You may be required to work as a teaching assistant.
• Scholarships, fellowships, and grants: Scholarships, fellowships, and grants can be based on need, merit, membership in associations, minority status, or a combination of any of these and more. They don’t need to be paid back as long as you meet all contractual obligations.

Criminal Justice Doctorate Scholarships and Fellowships

• ACJA/Lambda Delta Epsilon Scholarships are offered by the American Criminal Justice Association to those with membership in the organization. The association awards three scholarships—one for $100, one for $200, and one for $400. They’re open to graduate students who are studying criminal justice with at least a 3.0 GPA. Applicants can apply for membership alongside their scholarship application.
• ASC Ruth D. Peterson Fellowships for Racial and Ethnic Diversity are designed to encourage students of color to enter the field of criminology and criminal justice. Recipients of the fellowship must be accepted into an accredited doctoral program. Three awards are given per year in November, each for $6,000.
• The Thurgood Marshall College Fund and Center for Advancing Opportunity offer up to five, one-year scholarships of $15,000 to students attending Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Funds will be applied solely to tuition, fees, and required expenses. Applicants must be enrolled in full-time doctoral programs, be U.S. citizens, and have a minimum GPA of 3.0.
• The National Institute of Justice Graduate Research Fellowship Program supports doctoral students focusing on research that advances the organization’s mission. The maximum award amount available under this fellowship program is $150,000, and at least 20 students earn this award.
• The Call to Serve Scholarship is awarded by CriminalJusticePrograms.com to deserving students—either undergraduate or graduate—in a criminal justice field.

Common Fields and Salary Ranges for Doctoral Graduates in Criminal Justice

There are many career possibilities for those with doctorates in criminal justice. You may work in high-level governmental positions, teach and conduct research in your area of interest, or provide consulting services. While some of these careers don’t require a doctorate to get started, you may rise through the ranks quicker and potentially earn higher pay with this terminal degree. Some of the most common fields for those with doctoral degrees in criminal justice are:

Career Options with a Doctorate in Criminal Justice

Academia Many people with a doctorate in criminal justice go into postsecondary education or research. Those in this field may work as instructors to up-and-coming criminal justice professionals or serve in a behind-the-scenes role as a researcher in an area of interest; most do a combination of the two. As of 2019, the median salary for criminal justice postsecondary teachers was $62,860 per year, with pay ranging from $35,560 to $125,680 depending on location, experience, and level of education. Across the country, the field is expected to grow by 7% to 10% between 2018 and 2028.

Court system While there are many careers within the court system, both attorneys and judges need a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree to work in their fields. Lawyers in the criminal justice system present cases against accused people, defend alleged criminals, and mediate civil cases. Attorneys earned a median salary of $122,960 per year as of 2019, and the number of jobs for lawyers is expected to grow 4% to 6% between 2018 and 2028. Judges oversee cases and make the final call on sentences or settlements. In 2019, they were paid an annual median salary of $136,910. Their field is expected to grow by 2% to 3% between 2018 and 2028.

Learn more about becoming a judge

Learn more about becoming an attorney

You can also work within the court system with other doctoral degrees; you simply won’t be able to work as a lawyer or a judge. Instead, you would take on a leadership or policy role.

Forensic science Forensic science is where science and criminal justice meet. Professionals in this field work with everything from psychology to crime scene investigation to the human body. Forensic science is an umbrella term that includes a variety of positions.

Learn more about becoming a forensic scientist

Forensic psychology Forensic psychologists work at the crossroads between psychology and the criminal justice system. They may work with people who are encountering the legal system as an accused person, witness, or juror. Forensic psychologists ensure that people in the legal system are fit to fulfill their roles, create profiles of unknown criminals, or assist victims with recovery, among other focuses. As of April 2020, the average salary for forensic psychologists was $69,855 per year. Job growth varies by career title, but clinical psychology—the field of psychology under which forensic psychologists fall—expects a growth of 15% between 2018 and 2028.

Learn more about becoming a forensic psychologist

Forensic anthropology Forensic anthropologists study the human body to help solve crimes—or decide if a crime occurred. They usually work on deceased people to try to identify bodies and determine the cause of death. If they work in forensic serology, however, they focus on bodily fluids—not just to identify a person and cause of death but also to try to find DNA matches with potential perpetrators. Anthropologists were paid a median salary of $63,670 as of 2019, and the field is anticipated to grow 7% to 10% between 2018 and 2028.

Learn more about becoming a forensic anthropologist

Government and policy Many people with doctorates in criminal justice work in government, especially at the state and national levels. They may focus on policy analysis and advising, in which they research trends and statistics relating to criminal justice and recommend ways to change the system. Others work in emergency management for organizations like FEMA. People working in emergency management help plan for potential emergencies (natural disasters, terrorism, etc.) and coordinate responses when they occur. Those who want to work more directly in law enforcement may find careers as special agents for government agencies like the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA). With a doctorate, they may find themselves in leadership roles more than on-the-ground enforcement positions.

Learn more about becoming a DEA agent

Learn more about becoming an FBI agent

Learn more about working in the Department of Homeland Security

As of 2018, political scientists —the umbrella including policy analysts and advisors—earned a median salary of $122,220 annually, and the field is expected to grow by 5% between 2018 and 2028. FEMA jobs have a set of standard pay systems by level; as these jobs are so diverse, there is no reasonable average to assume. In 2018, the average DHS salary was $119,755.92 across all positions; FBI salaries vary greatly by position, experience, education, and location using federal payscale regulations, as do those in the DEA .

Resources for Criminal Justice Doctoral Students and Graduates

• Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences : ACJS focuses on education, research, and policy for criminal justice educators and professionals. They provide a variety of publications that may not be available in university libraries, scholarships and grants, and the opportunity to network with other criminal justice practitioners from around the world.
• American Academy of Forensic Sciences : AAFS strives to promote the study and practice of the forensic sciences as well as foster strong relationships between this field and other areas of criminal justice. They have several membership sections, and you choose based on your career focus. They provide job assistance for students, publications, and other resources for members, as well as some financial awards for students. They’re affiliated with The Forensic Sciences Foundation, Inc ., which focuses on education and research and provides scholarships, grants, and other awards.
• American Correctional Association : The ACA works toward improving the public view of corrections and relations between different organizations and governments. They also promote and implement effective researchand education. They offer a variety of publications, professional development opportunities (some including certifications), and annual conferences.
• American Criminal Justice Association-Lambda Alpha Epsilon : ACJA-LAE’s vision includes improving and expanding criminal justice education, increasing professionalism, improving relationships between criminal justice professionals and those they work with, and promoting general high standards. They have both regional and national conferences, chapters throughout the country, and offer scholarships.
• American Society of Criminology : This international organization focuses on expanding the knowledge of criminal justice professionals regarding best practices in identifying criminal justice predictors and improving the justice system. Alongside a career center, they have publications, a yearly meeting, and a partnership with the Crime & Justice Research Alliance .
• CriminalJusticePrograms.com : For articles and interviews on a variety of topics, check out our resource pages.
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Online PhD in Criminal Justice

Explore and compare a list of accredited schools to enroll in your next program.

Doctorate Programs, Timelines and Resources for Criminal Justice Students

Criminal justice is an interdisciplinary field with career options spread across law enforcement, the legal system and corrections. A doctoral degree in criminal justice can open doors to occupational opportunities in research, academia and leadership. Whether in juvenile justice, probation or international law, PhD graduates bring a research-oriented perspective to understanding the foundations of crime, prosecution and treatment. Find out more about academic options, criminal justice PhD programs, the application process, learning objectives and potential post-graduation paths.

• An Online Criminal Justice PhD Timeline
• Skills Learned with a Criminal Justice PhD
• Best Online PhD in Criminal Justice
• What to Do with a PhD in Criminal Justice

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The Online Criminal Justice PhD Timeline

Doctoral programs are both highly competitive and highly selective. Additionally, students must be prepared to spend between four and seven years completing required coursework, conducting research and writing a dissertation. Learn more about what criminal justice departments seek in competitive candidates, the academic process and what it takes to graduate.

APPLICATION PROCESS

To be admitted to an online PhD in criminal justice program, applicants must fulfill a range of requirements that ensure prospective students are qualified and prepared to handle the rigors of doctoral studies. Before starting on an application process, review the list below of commonly required items admission committees use to review and assess prospective doctoral candidates.

• BACHELOR’S DEGREE FROM AN ACCREDITED INSTITUTION Students must hold a bachelor’s degree and complete a minimum number of criminal-justice related classes for admission. Although a criminal justice major is not required, it is highly recommended, as some institutions may require students to have 18 to 24 hours of criminal justice study at the undergraduate level.
• MASTER’S DEGREE IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE OR RELATED FIELD Applicants should have a master’s degree in criminal justice or closely related field (e.g., political science). Admission committees review master’s level coursework to ensure candidates complete sufficient study in criminal justice courses. In certain cases, students may be asked to complete master’s-level prerequisites prior to admission.
• PHD MINIMUM GPA REQUIREMENTS Most online criminal justice programs require candidates to meet minimum GPA requirements. Students should have a cumulative undergraduate GPA of 3.0, with many programs expecting candidates to have a 3.5 or higher. For master’s level work, students may need a 3.5 GP or higher to be competitive applicants.
• GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATION (GRE) Criminology and criminal justice departments may use scores from the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) to screen applicants. However, GRE requirements vary widely by institution and program— some programs may not have a minimum score requirement, while others may seek candidates that meet certain percentiles on the verbal, quantitative or analytic components of the exam.
• LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION Students must submit two to three letters of reference from faculty members or industry professionals that speak to the student’s ability to succeed in an online PhD program in criminal justice.
• PERSONAL STATEMENT The application packet also includes a personal statement that describes the student’s academic background, research interests in criminal justice and criminology, career objectives and any special qualifications that apply to the PhD program.
• ACADEMIC WRITING SAMPLE An academic writing sample, such as a paper written during master’s study, is used to assess the candidate’s ability to write at the doctoral level. Length varies, but usually must be at least 2,000 words long to be considered.

YEAR 1 MILESTONES

The first year of a criminal justice PhD program introduces students to doctoral-level graduate work, professional development work, and submitting a plan of study. This plan guides the remainder of the student’s work in the program.

• INTRODUCTION TO CORE CRIMINAL JUSTICE COURSEWORK During the first year, students typically complete seven to eight required courses in areas such the foundations of criminology and criminal justice theory, criminal justice policy and research methods and statistics. They also select elective courses in research-focused fields, such as qualitative research design.
• ESTABLISH SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE AND FILE PLAN OF STUDY During the spring semester of their first year, students establish an academic committee that includes a chair persona and two additional faculty members. This group is responsible for approving the student’s plan of study that guides their criminal justice research and coursework.
• PARTICIPATE IN PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES In their first year, students also begin participating in professional development activities, such as attending conferences as the American Society of Criminology, on-campus seminars and brown bag lunches or criminal justice colloquiums.

YEAR 2 MILESTONES

The second year of the PhD program concentrates heavily on specialized coursework in the student’s academic track, engaging in additional professional development activities, teaching and preparing for comprehensive examinations.

• BEGIN ELECTIVE COURSEWORK During the second year, students begin classes in their chosen criminal justice academic track, including courses in research methods or advanced statistics. Sample areas of study include corrections; policing; economic analysis of crime; emergency management; and cybercrime.
• SUBMIT ASC PAPER ABSTRACT Criminal justice doctoral programs may ask students to attend a conference and to submit a paper to the American Society of Criminology. This paper does not have to be in the student’s dissertation field, but of an area of interest or in research
• PREPARE FOR AND PASS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATIONS These exams assess the student’s understanding of the central issues in criminal justice, covering criminology theory, research methods and real-world applications. Students complete a standard examination that covers law enforcement, corrections and the administration of justice. Passing these examinations allow a student to transition into PhD candidacy.

YEAR 3 MILESTONES

Year three of an online PhD in criminal justice program revolves around completing coursework, gaining research skills and preparing for the dissertation. Students engage in original pieces of scholarship and gather a dissertation committee.

• COMPLETION OF ALL COURSEWORK REQUIREMENTS In year three, students complete the remainder of the criminal justice coursework, including their elective classes. This step paves the way for students to focus on dissertation research.
• ASSEMBLE DISSERTATION COMMITTEE With their advisor, students begin assembling a committee of faculty members for their dissertation. This committee guides the dissertation process, handles the dissertation defense and approves the student for graduation.
• BEGIN WORK ON RESEARCH MANUSCRIPT Criminal justice students are required to write an article that includes independent research ready to submit to a peer-review journal. Although the piece doesn’t need to be accepted for publication, it does prepare the student to conduct research and write an academic piece of content.
• SERVE AS TEACHING ASSISTANT Students gain valuable classroom experience by working as a teaching assistant. In this role, they prepare and teach undergraduate courses in criminal justice.

YEAR 4 MILESTONES

The fourth year of an online PhD in criminal justice program is dedicated to preparing to research and write a dissertation. Students assemble and defend a proposal, research and write a dissertation and defend it in an examination prior to graduation.

• COMPLETE DISSERTATION AND PROSPECTUS In order to write their dissertation, students must first write a proposal that outlines the scope of their project, the objectives and the impact of their research on the field of criminal justice.
• DEFEND DISSERTATION PROPOSAL After submitting their dissertation proposal, students must defend their proposal through an oral examination with their dissertation committee. Passing this examination allows students to transition to the research and writing phase of their dissertation.
• DISSERTATION RESEARCH Upon receiving approval of their committee, students embark on a year or longer research project into their field of study (e.g., crime management). This research forms the foundation of the original dissertation which is the final requirement to graduate with a PhD in criminal justice.
• WRITE AND DEFEND DISSERTATION Submitting and defending the dissertation are the final steps before graduation. When completed, the dissertation committee reviews and schedules an oral defense. Students are asked about their area of interest, research methods and why their research matters. When passed, students are prepared to graduate from the program.

GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS

Doctoral study is unique to each student. However, most online PhD in criminal justice programs share common degree requirements. Learn more about the standard steps necessary to complete a doctoral degree in criminal justice.

• PHD CREDIT REQUIREMENTS Doctoral programs in criminal justice require a minimum of 60 to 78 credit hours of graduate study beyond the bachelor’s degree. Some programs allow students to transfer between 30 and 36 credit hours from a previously completed master’s degree. Students complete a set number of coursework hours in criminal justice and an additional 12 to 18 credit hours for a dissertation. Core coursework typically covers criminology and criminal justice theory; data analysis in criminal justice; research methods; crime analysis; criminal justice systems; and human rights. In addition, students also satisfy elective credits for their academic track, such as international crime and justice. Example coursework includes international relations, international criminal law, and immigration.
• MINIMUM GRADE REQUIREMENTS Students must earn a grade of B or better in all required classes. A score less than B may require the student to retake the class until a grade of B is achieved. Criminal justice programs may also have minimum GPA requirements— a score of 3.5 or better is typically required.
• TIME REQUIREMENTS Students must complete all requirements for their criminal justice doctoral degree within seven years of starting the program. Upon receiving PhD candidacy, students have five years to complete degree requirements.
• UNIVERSITY RESIDENCY Students may be required to complete in-person, on-campus residencies to complete their online criminal justice PhD. Residencies vary by program. These may include summer sessions or longer learning sessions on campus.
• COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATIONS Students may be required to receive passing grades on two or more comprehensive examinations. These examinations cover distinct areas of study, such as research methods; criminology and criminal justice theories; and the student’s academic track (e.g., international crime and justice). Once students pass these tests, they are admitted to PhD candidacy.
• CRIMINAL JUSTICE DISSERTATION AND DEFENSE Online PhD in criminal justice students must research, write and defend a dissertation. A dissertation is a supervised, original research project that contributes to the body of knowledge in criminal justice and criminology.

Skills Learned: Online Criminal Justice PhD

The PhD in criminal justice prepares students to become leaders in academia, the private sector and government law enforcement organizations. Curriculum exposes students to contemporary issues in criminal justice and teaches them to apply research methodologies to address issues in public policy, law, crime and administration of the criminal justice system.

PhD in Criminal Justice

Master’s in criminal justice.

LEARN MORE ABOUT ONLINE MASTER’S IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE

Bachelor’s in Criminal Justice

LEARN MORE ABOUT ONLINE BACHELOR’S IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE

Associate in Criminal Justice

LEARN MORE ABOUT ONLINE ASSOCIATE IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE

Best Degree: Online PhD in Criminal Justice

Criminal justice is an expansive field with an array of professional opportunities, and a PhD positions graduates for careers as academic researchers and leaders throughout the industry. The following school rose to the top by providing a comprehensive education that equips students with the area-specific information needed to excel in the field. Check out their program offerings below.

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Recognized by the Carnegie Foundation as a top research institution, Nova Southeastern University counts among its doctoral alumni 300 current college superintendents and 33 current college presidents. Students pursuing a PhD in criminal justice can choose from several specialty tracks, and they can select more than one specialty track, provided they complete all five courses in each track. In 2016, the university hosted and participated in events for Criminal Justice Week, which included live demonstrations and seminars from law enforcement groups. NSU is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). The program generally accepts only 20 students per year.

Nova Southeastern University

After Graduation: What to do with a Criminal Justice PhD

Criminal justice doctoral programs prepare graduates for research, professional and teaching careers in a variety of settings, from government agencies to universities, public policy organizations to private businesses. Graduates can work across the criminal justice spectrum, such as corrections, corporate crime, policing and law enforcement, law, as well as local, state and federal government. Explore potential criminal justice career paths for PhD graduates in the table below.

BROWSE PHD IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE CAREERS

Criminal Justice Professor

Criminal justice professors work at both the community college and university levels, teaching criminal justice classes and conducting research into specialized areas of interest, such as international law, criminology and law enforcement.

Job Growth (2014-2024) 21% Median Annual Salary (May 2015) $58,770

Criminal Investigator

Criminal investigators collect evidence and gather facts and information pertaining to criminal cases. They interview witnesses, examine physical evidence and collaborate with local, state and federal agencies to conduct investigations.

Job Growth (2014-2024) 5% Median Annual Salary (May 2015) $45,610

Vocational Rehabilitation Administrator

Vocational rehabilitation administrators coordinate community- or local-based programs for recently released inmates to transition into careers after their incarceration. They coordinate with correctional officers, psychologists and parole officers to help them develop job skills, locate employment and get professional training.

Job Growth (2014-2024) 10% Median Annual Salary (May 2015) $63,530

Dispute Resolution Mediator

Dispute resolution mediators help facilitate discussion between two parties involved in a dispute. They address concerns, establish procedural guidelines, evaluate information and facts and establish equitable settlement terms.

Job Growth (2014-2024) 9% Median Annual Salary (May 2015) $58,020

Sources:  BLS

It can be a challenging decision to pursue an online PhD in criminal justice. Before getting started, students may want to learn more about the field, employment opportunities or connect with other professionals in the field. The following resources are a great starting point.

Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences The Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences has approximately 2,800 members and is an association dedicated to furthering scholarship and professional activities across the criminal justice discipline.

American Criminal Justice Association The American Criminal Justice Association is a nationwide organization with campus-based chapters that promotes academic and higher education programs in criminal justice.

American Society of Criminology The American Society of Criminology is an international, membership-based organization that serves academic and criminal justice professionals engaged in research, teaching and practice.

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If you want to delve into criminal justice research, advance to a leadership role, or head into an education job, a doctoral degree in criminal justice can prepare you for high-level roles.

Both a doctorate and Ph.D. in criminal justice are terminal degrees, meaning they're the highest level of degree that can be attained. With a heavy focus on research and analysis, these degrees can help you stand out from the competition in the job market or take on research-heavy roles.

Read on to learn more about how doctorate degrees can help advance your career in criminal justice.

Learn about start dates, transferring credits, availability of financial aid, and more by contacting the universities below.

2024 Best Online Doctorate in Criminal Justice Programs

We use trusted sources like Peterson's Data and the National Center for Education Statistics to inform the data for these schools. BestColleges.com is an advertising-supported site. Featured or trusted partner programs and all school search, finder, or match results are for schools that compensate us. This compensation does not influence our school rankings, resource guides, or other editorially-independent information published on this site. from our partners appear among these rankings and are indicated as such.

BestColleges.com is an advertising-supported site. Featured or trusted partner programs and all school search, finder, or match results are for schools that compensate us. This compensation does not influence our school rankings, resource guides, or other editorially-independent information published on this site.

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Keiser University

• Fort Lauderdale, FL
• Online + Campus

Cost per Semester: In-State | $3,964 Out-of-State | $3,964

Credits to Graduate: 44

The doctor of criminal justice at Keiser prepares you for academic careers and senior-level positions in law enforcement, the court system, and other fields. You can complete the 44-credit DCJ online in 20-32 months.

You'll study criminological theory, criminal justice policies and practices, and criminal justice program evaluation. An advanced leadership course will explore various leadership models and their implications in criminal justice management.

A culminating DCJ project documents your learning and expertise. Eight-week terms and the transfer of up to 18 credits can help you earn your degree faster. Admission requires a bachelor's or master’s degree and a minimum GPA of 3.0 from an accredited school.

National University

• San Diego, CA

Cost per Credit: In-State | $1,191 Out-of-State | $1,191

Credits to Graduate: 54

Designed for criminal justice professionals, NU's doctor of criminal justice offers specializations in policing, organizational leadership, homeland security, and public administration. This is a fully online program with no residency requirements.

You'll complete at least 54 credits in 36 months. Core courses examine issues such as public budgeting and finance, public personnel administration, and quantitative research design and methodology. Each three-course specialization develops practical knowledge applicable to the workplace.

A dissertation applies your research expertise and culminates the program. Founded by veterans, NU is a military-friendly school with tuition discounts for military personnel and their dependents. Admission requires a master's degree, but applicants do not have to submit GRE scores.

Nova Southeastern University

Cost per Credit: In-State | $1,277 Out-of-State | $1,277

Credits to Graduate: 60

NSU's Ph.D. in criminal justice is a customizable curriculum with specialty tracks in organizational leadership, juvenile justice, and behavioral science training. The fully online degree requires 60 credits consisting of core courses, a specialization, and a dissertation.

Doctoral candidates receive extensive training in research methodology and program evaluation. You'll also learn how to analyze and interpret data. Each specialization requires five courses, and you can add additional specialty tracks to bolster your expertise.

Online learners pay the same per-credit tuition rate regardless of in-state or out-of-state residency status. Admission requires a master's degree and a minimum GPA of 3.0 from an accredited institution.

PennWest Global Online

• California, PA

Cost per Credit: In-State | $685 Out-of-State | $1,024

Credits to Graduate: 42

PennWest's doctorate in criminal justice (D.C.J.) prioritizes a flexible curriculum to accommodate the needs of working professionals. You'll complete the degree entirely online with one required virtual or on-campus residency.

The curriculum includes training in criminal justice theory, criminal law and procedure, and modern policing. You'll learn how to use effective leadership principles and practices to manage criminal justice agencies.

During the program, you'll create a research portfolio that highlights your knowledge of evidence-based best practices in a criminal justice area. Active-duty military personnel receive tuition discounts at PennWest. Admission requires a master's degree in criminal justice or a related field and a minimum GPA of 3.0.

Walden University

• Minneapolis, MN

Cost per Credit: In-State | $675 Out-of-State | $675

Credits to Graduate: 68

A customizable curriculum with seven specializations makes Walden's Ph.D. in criminal justice stand out. The program enrolls students with or without a master's degree in criminal justice.

You'll complete a core curriculum that explores policy and analysis, program evaluation of social programs, and leadership in criminal justice. Specializations include emergency management, law and public policy, and public management and leadership.

An online teaching in higher education specialization prepares students to train the next generation of criminal justice professionals. Four residencies help advance your development as a scholar-practitioner. You can earn your degree faster by transferring up to 38 credits.

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We use datasets from trusted sources like the National Center for Education Statistics to inform the data for these schools and our methodologies. This ranking is from 2024. To learn more, check out our full ranking methodologies .

What's the Difference Between a Ph.D. and a DCJ?

There are several key differences between a Ph.D. in criminal justice and a DCJ:

DCJ stands for Doctor of Criminal Justice and is a relatively new professional doctorate degree. The first DCJ program in the United States launched in 2017 at Pennsylvania Western University, California. A DCJ is a professional doctorate, meaning it has more of a focus on applying criminal justice theory in the workplace.

A Ph.D. in criminal justice tends to be more focused on research and theory and will typically put a spotlight on conducting original research as opposed to applying theory to the workplace.

What Can You Do With an Online Doctorate in Criminal Justice?

An online doctoral degree in criminal justice can help you move into specialized roles within the workforce or head into a more research-focused or educational role.

A doctor of criminal justice features applied learning in areas like criminal justice leadership to prepare you for leadership roles in the field, such as a departmental director or a specialized analyst. A Ph.D. in criminal justice can also help you advance within the workforce, but with more of a focus on theory and research, and will open up doors in policy and educational fields.

Criminal justice is a vast, multidisciplinary field with applications well beyond the traditional law enforcement route . When paired with work experience, a doctoral degree in criminal justice can lead you to a number of varied, high-paying opportunities across industries.

What to Expect From an Online Doctorate in Criminal Justice Program

The time it takes you to finish a doctoral degree in criminal justice varies widely depending on the program.

Some schools offer DCJ programs that, based on credit transfers and the workload you take on, can be completed in as little as two years. Most doctoral programs will take you longer if you are working full time while pursuing your doctorate on a part-time basis . A typical Ph.D. usually takes longer than four years to complete.

Transferable coursework from prior study can be applied to some programs, but how much of your previous credits will count toward your degree depends on the college or university.

Your classwork will vary based on whether you pursue a DCJ or Ph.D. A DCJ will feature classes with technical learning around criminal justice policies and leadership, but a Ph.D. will have a more research-oriented curriculum.

Some criminal justice doctoral programs allow elective coursework and concentrations in areas like justice administration. Some also offer dual degree programs, allowing you to work toward a Ph.D. in criminal justice and a juris doctor (JD) degree simultaneously.

Criminal Justice Certifications and Licenses

There are a number of certifications and licenses you can pursue in addition to a doctoral degree. A certification or license can verify your skills in an area, boosting your resume and certifying your skills.

Certified Emergency Manager

The Certified Emergency Manager designation is offered by the International Association of Emergency Managers (IAEM). The designation is nationally recognized and a major career-enhancing credential, according to the IAEM. IAEM also offers an Associate Emergency Manager designation.

Certified Homeland and Protection Professional

Offered by the Global Society of Homeland Security Professionals, the Certified Homeland and Protection Professional designation provides an objective means of distinguishing highly competent homeland protection professionals from their less experienced peers.

Frequently Asked Questions About Criminal Justice Doctoral Programs

• Collapse All

How long does it take to get a doctorate in criminal justice?

The time it takes to earn a doctoral degree in criminal justice depends on the program type and school you attend. At some schools, transferable coursework and a high course load can help you finish a professional doctorate in three years or less. A Ph.D. program, however, will typically take at least four years to complete.

Does the FBI hire people with a doctorate in criminal justice?

The FBI hires many types of criminal justice professionals, including researchers, analysts, and more. While a doctorate isn't a requirement to work for the FBI, it can bolster your resume and help you stand out from the competition along with your work experience.

What degree is best for criminal justice?

A degree in criminal justice provides instruction in a number of relevant fields, helping to prepare you for jobs in the interdisciplinary field. More specialized degrees in fields within criminal justice, like criminology and forensic science , may help you land jobs within those disciplines.

Do people in law enforcement have a doctorate in criminal justice?

A criminal justice degree isn't a requirement to work in law enforcement , but a doctorate in criminal justice can help you land roles within law enforcement leadership and management.

Why get an online doctorate in criminal justice?

A doctoral degree in criminal justice, whether a career-oriented DCJ or a research-focused Ph.D., can open up doors in both the varied field of criminal justice and beyond. As a terminal degree, a doctorate in criminal justice will give you high-level skills and help you stand out from the competition in the job market.

Explore More College Resources

How to become a criminal investigator.

Criminology Careers

Scholarships for Criminal Justice Majors

Compare Your School Options

View the most relevant schools for your interests and compare them by tuition, programs, acceptance rate, and other factors important to finding your college home.

• Criminal Justice & Legal
• Law Enforcement, Policing & Investigation

PHD in Law Enforcement & Security Management Doctorate Programs

Interested in potentially enhancing your qualifications in the law enforcement field? If so, you may want to consider earning a higher level criminal justice degree . These types of degrees may be a fit for for high-level managerial and leadership positions in government agencies, the private defense sector, nonprofits/think tanks, the military, as well as the protection/security field.

What are PhD in Law Enforcement and Security Management Doctorate Programs?

There are several different masters level law enforcement degree program types to choose from, such as a Doctorate in Strategic Security which may incorporate disciplines from the fields of Intelligence Management, Terrorism and Counterterrorism Studies, and Protection Management into a comprehensive program designed to provide a world-wide strategic view of relevant security issues.

Is it possible to earn a PhD in security management online?

Some colleges offer a full PhD in security management that is online. Students may be able to take a hybrid model as well, which involves some in class learning and some online education.

What type of PhD in law enforcement exists?

There are a range of doctoral degree programs available in law enforcement and security management. This includes areas such as national security and civil security. This may include a focus on military science, information security, or cybersecurity.

Schools with PhD in Law Enforcement Programs

Bureau of Labor Statistics

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports that the median yearly wage for teachers in the Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement sector stands at $83,470 for the year 2023.

GradSchools.com offers 3 Graduate Schools with PhD in Law Enforcement Doctorate Programs

National University

Henley-putnam university, northeastern university, browse graduate programs.

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View our online PhD in Criminal Justice completion requirements

Minimum Degree Requirements

• Elective courses (15 cr.)
• Research courses (20 cr.)
• Dissertation support course (5 cr.)
• Dissertation writing courses (5 cr. per term for a minimum of four terms; taken continuously until completion)
• Four PhD residencies

Walden students have up to eight years to complete their doctoral program unless they petition for an extension.

In general, students are continuously registered in the dissertation/doctoral study course until they complete their capstone project and it is approved. This usually takes longer than the minimum required terms in the dissertation/doctoral study course shell.

Please refer to Walden’s catalog for more information about degree requirements .

For a personalized estimate of the number of your transfer credits that Walden would accept, call an Enrollment Specialist at 855-646-5286 .

Fast Track to Your PhD

For the highly motivated student with discipline and a flexible schedule, Walden offers an expedited path to your doctoral degree. With the Fast Track option, you can complete your online PhD in Criminal Justice in a shorter amount of time by taking additional courses per term. Learn more about this exciting option or contact your Enrollment Specialist at 855-646-5286 . to see if it’s the right choice for you.

Courses in Track I focus on the advanced critical thinking, problem-solving, and research skills vital to criminal justice administration today. 

View our PhD in Criminal Justice completion requirements

• Doctoral Writing Assessment
• Foundation courses (3 cr.)

Courses in Track II focus on building your foundational knowledge in criminal justice theory, trends, and practice. 

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Online PhD in Criminal Justice

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NEXT START DATE

October 07, 2024

Impact the Future of Criminal Justice Policy and Practice

Reach your potential as a scholar practitioner and make a greater impact for your organization and community with an online PhD in Criminal Justice from Walden. You’ll have the opportunity to integrate research with your experience to create effective, sustainable solutions to issues impacting the nation—and the world. Our program features engaging learning experiences, an array of compelling specializations, and robust doctoral support to help you stay on track toward your goals.

Walden University is an innovator in distance learning.

DOCTORAL DEGREE COACH ®

Map and track milestones, connect with faculty, and find support with this personalized digital resource.

PERSONALIZE YOUR PATH

Choose the General Program or one of seven specializations and master knowledge in the area that interests you most.

ACADEMIC RESIDENCIES

Expand your knowledge, skills, and professional practice in one of four academic residencies (held virtually or in person).

Program Details

Choose the Path That’s Right for You

Whether you have a master's degree in criminal justice or a related field, or in a discipline other than criminal justice, we have a track for you.

Curriculum and Completion Requirements

In Track I of our online PhD in Criminal Justice program, you’ll dive right into contemporary theory and practice as well as national and global criminal justice issues. Coursework spans topics such as leadership theory, homeland security, and public management.

Featured PhD in Criminal Justice Courses

In today's complex environment, leaders engaged in shaping public policy must know how to use the emotional as well as the intellectual power of language to motivate, inspire, and competently manage their organizations. Dynamic leadership requires understanding and use of techniques that affect both conscious and unconscious influences on human behavior. Effective communication connects at many different levels. Students gain both theoretical and practical information demonstrating the necessary components for making such connections and showing why stories, symbols, and metaphors are essential elements in the language of leadership.

Students in this specialization course explore instructional design for the development of online courses. Different types of online courses and the roles of online instructors are addressed. Students analyze learning theories and approaches for promoting community in online classrooms. Students analyze criteria for developing learning objectives and online instructional strategies in relation to diverse student populations. Issues related to technology, copyright compliance, fair use, and academic integrity are explored. Students analyze assessment and evaluation approaches and explore future trends in online higher education in relation to delivery of instruction and positive social change.

In this research course, students are provided with core knowledge and skills for understanding, analyzing, and designing research at the graduate level. Students explore the philosophy of science, the role of theory, and research processes. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods research designs and data collection methods are introduced. The alignment of research components is emphasized. Students also explore ethical and social change implications of designing and conducting research. Students demonstrate their knowledge and skills by developing an annotated bibliography.

Criminal justice professionals must understand the various factors that influence the development of criminal justice policy, and how to evaluate whether existing policy meets its objectives. In this course, students will examine the principles of policy analysis and the role that scientific information plays in the development of criminal justice policy. Topics explored include policing, corrections, and sentencing; juvenile justice; the relationship among drugs, race, and crime; deterrence as a crime control policy; and the use of public registries. Through further analysis of criminal justice policies, students determine how these policies have changed over time, gaining insight into possible future trends of policy development and analysis.

Students in this course are introduced to the problems that currently confront the administration of the criminal justice system, as well as problems predicted for the future. To be prepared to lead efforts to address these challenges, students acquire powerful models for strategic, critical, and reflective thinking. Students immerse themselves in discussion about the major components of effective justice administration: organizational thought and theory, leadership, human capital, policy development and implementation, and collaboration with other public safety and community organizations.

In Track II of our online PhD in Criminal Justice program, you’ll build a foundation in criminal justice theory and practice. Course topics include the nature of crime and criminology and historical and current issues in criminal justice.

Students in this course are introduced to the tools used by policymakers and policy analysts to evaluate the impact of social programs. Topics include selecting programs to evaluate, crafting program descriptions, identifying stakeholders and their interests, developing logic models, framing evaluation questions, applying utilization-focused evaluation techniques, using quantitative and qualitative tools to complete formative and summative evaluations, and providing evaluation reports and feedback to decision makers. By the end of the course, each student will develop a program-evaluation design for a social program.

In this research course, students are provided with the opportunity to develop core knowledge and skills for designing and carrying out quantitative research at the doctoral level, including the application of statistical concepts and techniques. Students explore classical common statistical tests, the importance of the logic of inference, and social change implications of conducting quantitative research and producing knowledge. Students approach statistics from a problem-solving perspective with emphasis on selecting appropriate statistical tests for a research design. Students use statistical software to derive statistics from quantitative data and interpret and present results.

In this course, students review recent events that have significantly changed how the legal system interprets the U.S. Constitution, the U.S. Code, and the U.S. Patriot Act. Students analyze case studies to further explore relevant events, such as how the terrorist acts of September 11, 2001, have broadened the interpretation of certain areas of the law. Students heighten their understanding of how social and historical changes have shifted perspectives and sparked debates on expanding the rights of government versus safeguarding personal civil rights and civil liberties.

You’ll work one-on-one with an Enrollment Specialist who will guide you through every step—from finding the right program to funding your education.

Streamlined Admissions Process

Walden has simplified the admissions process for our online PhD in Criminal Justice program. When you make the decision to apply, you can expect:

Easy credit transfer

No application fee

Completed online applicatio n and transcripts. Please note that the materials you are required to submit may vary depending on the academic program to which you apply. More information for international applicants .

Doctoral Experience

How will I learn?

YOUR DOCTORAL JOURNEY

Earning a doctorate is no easy feat—it takes drive, dedication, and perseverance. Knowing what to expect can help you make an informed decision.

The Walden Doctoral Degree Coach ® helps you find support when you need it and stay on track throughout your online PhD in Criminal Justice program.

FAST TRACK OPTION

If you're highly motivated, with discipline and a flexible schedule, Walden offers an expedited path to your online PhD in Criminal Justice.

Four residencies support your progress at key points in your doctoral journey. Residencies also strengthen your scholarly and professional connections.

GET A MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY

You will be eligible to be awarded a Master of Philosophy (MPhil) degree after completing program requirements, prior to finishing your dissertation.

Tuition and Grants

We believe you can achieve your goals—and we are here to support you along your journey. Request information to learn more about grants and financial aid for those who apply and qualify.

Tuition Breakdown

Cost is important when you’re considering online criminal justice PhD degree programs—and we want to help make your goals more attainable. Walden gives you several ways to lower your tuition, including:

Experience-based credits

Special tuition savings

These are ranges of what a student can expect in terms of time and tuition cost to complete a degree. It does not include other fees, nor is it adjusted for tuition increases over time. Walden faculty has concluded that generally students who do not complete their program in eight years are unlikely to complete and only allow students to exceed that time frame when a student petitions for an extension and provides good reason for the delay and assurances that obstacles to completion can be overcome. Time is calculated using the time allowed for each semester or unit that the student completes. Students are encouraged to work continuously during the program so as not to extend the time needed to complete the degree as work can become stale and students lose focus. Students who earn two grades of “Unsatisfactory,” who repeatedly drop a course before a semester or unit has been completed, or are unable to complete in the eight year time frame, should expect that they may be dismissed from the program. Walden believes that it is in the best interest of a student who is unable to complete the degree in the stated ranges to strongly consider withdrawal or obtaining a lesser degree.

Time to completion and cost are not estimates of individual experience and will vary based on individual factors applicable to the student. Factors may be programmatic or academic such as tuition and fee increases and/or the student’s transfer credits accepted by Walden; program or specialization changes; unsuccessful course completion; credit load per term; writing, research and editing skills; use of external data for their doctoral study/dissertation; and/or individual progress in the program. Other factors may include personal issues such as the student’s employment obligations; care giving responsibilities or health issues; part-time vs. full-time enrollment; leaves of absence; and/or other personal circumstances.

Tuition and fees are subject to change. Books and materials are not included. Students may incur additional costs for remedial writing assistance, if necessary.

^This assumes students successfully complete their coursework on the first attempt.

† Based on a 2.5-year minimum completion requirement and an 8-year maximum timeframe as outlined in Walden academic policy .

*Tuition and fees will be higher if students petition to extend the 8-year maximum timeframe or choose to take more expensive elective courses.

+Tuition and time to complete may be reduced if transfer credits are accepted, or if you receive grants, scholarships or other tuition discounts. For a personalized estimate of the number of your transfer credits that Walden would accept, call an Enrollment Specialist at 844-642-0198.

Find Your Specialization

PROGRAM OUTCOMES

Choose the Path That Is Right for You

Earning your PhD is the ultimate intellectual feat, signifying you’ve reached the highest level of proficiency in your field. Criminal justice organizations of all kinds seek knowledgeable leaders with the skills and insights to implement real change.

Career Opportunities

With a PhD in Criminal Justice, you’ll be well-positioned to pursue new professional paths in leadership, consulting, and higher education.

First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives

Directly supervise and coordinate activities of members of police force.

Expected growth: 2%–4% 1

Estimated annual wage: $60,090–$128,460 1

Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary

Teach courses in criminal justice at colleges and universities; conduct academic research in the field.

Expected Growth: 3% 2

Estimated annual wage: $46,320–$102,110 2

No guarantee is made that a person who enrolls in the PhD in Criminal Justice program will obtain a job or will earn the stated salaries.  1 Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Job outlook | Estimated wage (as of May 2023)  2 Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Job outlook | Estimated wage (as of May 2023)

Learning Outcomes

As a graduate of Walden’s online PhD in Criminal Justice program, you will be prepared to:

Evaluate the root causes of crime and its impact on criminal justice policies, practices, and procedures.

Evaluate philosophies on managing human resources in criminal justice organizations.

Synthesize theory and research on the historical trends and current perspectives in criminal justice.

Apply data analysis techniques and research design methods to scholarly research in criminal justice.

Evaluate the role of the criminal justice system in advancing social justice and positive social change.

Meet Your Academic Team

Walden’s faculty includes experienced and passionate subject matter experts who are committed to helping you grow as a criminal justice practitioner.

Explore More

Where could an online PhD in Criminal Justice from Walden take you? Browse our related articles to learn more about the criminal justice profession and the many paths for doctoral degree holders.

You Might Also Be Interested In 

Browse these other Walden programs related to our PhD in Criminal Justice.

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Doctoral Degrees Criminal Justice Next Start Date: October 07

Master’s Degrees Criminal Justice Next Start Date: October 07

Have a Question?

Chat with a PhD in Criminal Justice Enrollment Specialist

PhD in Criminal Justice FAQ

From senior management roles to teaching to consulting, a PhD in Criminal Justice can open a wide range of professional opportunities in a variety of settings. Walden University’s online PhD in Criminal Justice offers seven specializations—in addition to a General Program—so that you can tailor your degree to your interests and goals.

Career options may require additional experience, training, or other factors beyond the successful completion of this degree program.

Criminal justice professionals confront tough challenges every day as they work to reduce crime, improve public safety, and protect and serve society. Issues they face may include:

• Human Trafficking – This issue is a point of focus for many criminal justice professionals as well as state and federal lawmakers who are working to shape policy, laws, and programs to reduce occurrences and protect and support victims.
• Mental Illness – Tackling the mental health issue in the U.S. criminal justice system is a big job, and one law enforcement officers, criminologists, mental health providers, policymakers, and other criminal justice professionals are working together to address.
• Drug Crime – Drug-related arrests are putting a big strain on our criminal justice system. Many professionals dedicated their careers to combating drug crime through better law enforcement, more effective policy, and new laws.
• Cybercrime – Data breaches. Identity theft. Cyberstalking. With internet-related crimes on the rise, cybercrime has become one of the fastest-growing areas of focus in the criminal justice field.
• Homeland Security – Many people in criminal justice focus on homeland security, working every day to combat terrorism, cybercrimes, human trafficking, and other threats to the safety of our country.

The study of criminology is complex, which means there is a wide variety of roles in the criminal justice field. If you’re looking to begin or further your criminal justice journey, there are several disciplines you can study, including:

• Human Services – Professionals working in human services devote themselves to helping people find stability in their lives, from children’s protective service workers to social workers to addiction counselors.
• Psychology – Like human services professionals, psychology professionals can be instrumental in helping crime victims, as well as those with a history of drug abuse or crime, improve their future through better mental health.
• Emergency Management – Community-wide emergencies not only threaten lives and property; they create opportunities for criminals. This is why emergency management professionals also plan for the aftermath of emergencies and develop procedures to prevent and address crime..

There are a few things that can differentiate a criminal justice program, including flexibility, specializations offered, and student support. With the exception of academic residencies, coursework in Walden’s PhD in Criminal Justice degree program is 100% online, making earning a degree more accessible than ever. Our program also meets you where you are by offering two doctoral completion tracks: one for students who have earned their master’s in criminal justice or a related field, and one for students who have a master’s degree in another discipline.

Walden gives you the opportunity to get to know your faculty and peers. As a student, you’ll benefit from comprehensive support services all throughout your program, including our Doctoral Degree Coach ® .

Lastly, after you complete your online PhD in Criminal Justice program requirements, and prior to finishing your dissertation, you’ll be eligible to be awarded a Master of Philosophy (MPhil) as a measure of how far you’ve come on your doctoral journey.

Questions about our Online PhD in Criminal Justice?

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DISCLOSURES

Note on Licensure : Walden’s PhD in Criminal Justice program is not considered a Professional Peace Officer Education Program for the state of Minnesota, and is not designed or intended to prepare graduates for licensure as a peace officer, police officer or other law enforcement officer in any state.

Note : Time to completion and cost are not estimates of individual experience and will vary based on individual factors applicable to the student. Factors may be programmatic or academic, such as tuition and fee increases; transfer credits accepted by Walden; program or specialization changes; unsuccessful course completion; credit load per term; part-time vs. full-time enrollment; writing, research, and editing skills; use of external data for the doctoral study/dissertation; and individual progress in the program. Other factors may include personal issues such as the student’s employment obligations, caregiving responsibilities, or health issues; leaves of absence; or other personal circumstances.

• Criminal Justice PhD Program | Walden University
• Criminal Justice Master’s Programs | Walden University

The Top Online Criminal Justice and Security Ph.D. Programs of 2024

Taken as a whole, criminal justice and security is one of the biggest, fastest-growing, and more promising career and professional sectors in the US. There are a lot of reasons for that. With modern globalization, political instability throughout the world makes security a main concern not only for government, but for business as well. The information age, especially, has added the complications of cybersecurity, safeguarding data from malicious players all over the world. And in America, an overburdened criminal justice system has created an ever-growing need for experts in crime, incarceration, and rehabilitation who can make a positive difference.

Why Get an Online Criminal Justice PhD?

Criminal justice and security is an especially accessible field, since there are very rewarding entry-level jobs available for workers with just an associate’s or bachelor’s degree. Some of the best-paying jobs for associate’s holders are in criminal justice, in fact. But leadership positions in the field require a higher degree. A master’s degree is a good starting point to administrative careers in law enforcement, cybersecurity, emergency management, and other related fields. But a doctorate provides a level of expertise that is rare, and well-compensated.

A doctorate in criminal justice, cybersecurity, or some similar concentration opens up numerous possibilities. Doctoral programs prepare working professionals in the field with the most current research and theory, as well as the analytical and problem-solving skills to apply that knowledge to real-life situations. That makes PhD criminal justice experts valuable as administrators, as researchers, as educators, and as consultants to the government or private security. Since few people attain the level of expertise a doctorate provides, those experts are in high demand – with the authority and income that come with it.

What Degree is Right for Me?

A doctoral degree in criminal justice or security can give professionals a lot of career options, some directly in the field, some in education or research. Criminal justice and security are highly interdisciplinary – they incorporate elements of law, psychology, social sciences, and information technology, among other disciplines, depending on the specialty. Because there are so many approaches to criminal justice, there are a lot of different kinds of degrees available. It’s useful for prospective students to know the differences between a PhD, a Doctor of Science, and a Doctor of Professional Studies:

PhD: A traditional academic degree, a Doctor of Philosophy is usually focused on theory and research and is mainly for students who want to work as professors or researchers.

DSc: A Doctor of Science degree is an equivalent to a PhD, but usually more focused on research and technical expertise than the PhD. A DSc holder may be planning to work in the field, or as a researcher.

DPS: While PhD and DSc degrees are more academic, the Doctor of Professional Studies degree is a practitioner’s degree, dedicated to higher levels of expertise in real-life problem-solving and applied knowledge. DPS holders are usually working as administrators in the field, rather than teachers or researchers.

Other degree types may offer specializations in criminal justice or security, as well, such as Doctor of Psychology or Doctor of Computer Science , but in general, you should look for the degree that corresponds to what you want to do with your career. If you’re more into teaching and research, go for the PhD; if you’re more interested in working in the field, a DSc or DPS is more right for you.

What Good is an Online Criminal Justice PhD?

Doctoral students tend to be working professionals in the field; after all, how would you know you want to get a PhD criminal justice program if you don’t know that criminal justice is the right career for you? An online degree is a smart choice for mid-career professionals who have too much invested in their jobs to take time off for school. The online format allows students to take courses around their own schedule, finding time to do their coursework, research, and dissertation writing on their own time.

Online master’s degrees in criminal justice and security are quite common, but fully online PhD and other doctorate degrees are a little more rare. It’s important for working professionals who are considering a PhD criminal justice program, a PhD cybersecurity program, or some other similar degree, to find reputable programs that will be recognized and respected.

Online PhD Programs has combed the internet for a selection of the top online criminal justice PhD programs. All of the programs featured here are regionally accredited (except for one, which is accredited by the Distance Education Accrediting Commission), the standard for reputability in the US.

Residency requirements vary for these programs; some are entirely online, while others may require a summer residency or minimal campus visits during the year.

2024’s Best Online Ph.D. Programs in Criminal Justice and Security

Keiser university-ft lauderdale.

• In-State | $31,712
• Out-of-State | $31,712
• Credits to Graduate: 44

Keiser University’s criminal justice doctoral program provides a foundation in criminological theory. It can prepare you to become a criminal justice practitioner and pursue a career in the courts or with law enforcement while taking just one or two classes at a time.

The curriculum explores crime intervention and prevention strategies, criminal justice policy and procedures, and ethics in criminal justice. You will complete an applied criminal justice doctoral project. The program accepts up to 18 transfer credits, requires 16 courses, and takes 20-32 months to complete.

National University

• In-State | $442
• Out-of-State | $442
• Credits to Graduate: 54

NU’s doctor of criminal justice program offers specializations in policing, homeland security, organizational leadership, and public administration. Students don’t need to take the GRE or GMAT to apply. Once you get accepted to the program, you also don’t need to complete a residency or worry about group projects, making it easier to complete work on your own schedule.

The curriculum includes classes like management issues in justice agencies, public budgeting and finance, and ethics and criminal justice. You must complete 18 classes, and it usually takes about 36 months to graduate.

Embrace the convenience of online learning and shape your own path to success.

Explore schools offering programs and courses tailored to your interests, and start your learning journey today.

The Best Online Doctorate in Criminal Justice Degree Programs

Are you ready to discover your college program?

Professionals at the highest level of the criminal justice field often have doctoral degrees. A Ph.D. in criminal justice prepares graduates for career paths like criminal justice professor, criminal justice administrator, or county, state, or federal judge . These fields offer increased responsibilities and above-average salaries for criminal justice professionals.

Earning an online criminal justice degree offers more flexibility than an on-campus program, which appeals to working professionals seeking career advancement. At the doctoral level, criminal justice colleges offer online programs that prioritize accessibility. Rather than quitting their jobs or relocating to earn a doctorate, students can enroll in a top criminal justice program online.

Our ranking lists the best online doctoral programs in criminal justice to help prospective students find the right programs for their professional goals. This page also explores criminal justice careers, the requirements for earning a doctorate, and tips for paying for a Ph.D. in criminal justice.

Online Doctorate in Criminal Justice Degree Programs

Pennsylvania western university.

• Campus + Online
• In-State $7,716
• Out-of-state $11,574
• Retention Rate 72%
• Acceptance Rate 97%
• Students Enrolled 6,842
• Institution Type Public
• Percent Online Enrollment 64%
• Accreditation Yes

Nova Southeastern University

• In-State $31,150
• Out-of-state $31,150
• Retention Rate 81%
• Acceptance Rate 80%
• Students Enrolled 20,576
• Institution Type Private
• Percent Online Enrollment 45%

Best Online Programs

Doctorate in criminal justice, online criminal justice programs ranking guidelines.

We selected these degree programs based on quality, curricula, school awards, rankings, and reputation.

What Is a Ph.D. in Criminal Justice?

A Ph.D. in criminal justice provides focused, advanced training in law enforcement. The degree prepares graduates for positions of authority within the justice system or careers as professors of criminal justice.

An online criminal justice degree at the doctoral level builds research and analytical skills through coursework, doctoral examinations, and an original dissertation. Learners study topics like criminal justice policy development, criminal justice leadership, and program evaluation. They also take courses in research methods and design, which prepare them to conduct original research for their doctoral dissertations.

Criminal justice programs may offer concentrations. While concentration options vary by program, they may include policy and administration, criminology, or juvenile justice. Doctoral students conduct research in their concentration areas, building expertise for careers in research or academia.

Admission requirements for a doctorate in criminal justice may include a bachelor’s degree or master’s degree in criminal justice. Some programs offer an accelerated track for students with prior graduate experience in criminal justice. After earning admission, doctoral students generally take several years of coursework before passing comprehensive exams and writing a doctoral dissertation.

What Else Can I Expect From a Ph.D. in Criminal Justice Program?

A doctorate in criminal justice prepares graduate students for positions that require advanced training. During a doctoral program, criminal justice students focus their studies to become experts in their areas of interest. By designing an original research project and writing a dissertation, doctoral students contribute to scholarship in criminal justice.

Because a doctorate is the highest level of educational achievement in criminal justice, earning a Ph.D. requires a significant time investment. This section covers common courses during a criminal justice degree and how long it takes to earn a Ph.D. in criminal justice.

Curriculum for an Online Doctorate in Criminal Justice

History and contemporary issues in criminal justice.

Courses on the history of criminal justice trace the evolution of crime response while also introducing graduate students to current issues in law enforcement and corrections. Doctoral students learn about community policing, terrorism, and crime in societies. This course introduces students to critical texts and theories while drawing connections between historical and current challenges.

Policy and Analysis in Criminal Justice Systems

In this course, graduate students learn how to develop and evaluate criminal justice policies, often using case studies from the real world. Doctoral students delve into policy analysis, research in criminal justice, and trends in policy development and analysis.

Criminal Justice Leadership

Many doctoral programs incorporate a course on criminal justice leadership to help students develop the knowledge and skills required for leadership roles in the justice system. Students learn about strategic thinking, effective justice administration, and organizational thought. This course may also cover policy development, collaboration between public safety organizations, and current challenges in criminal justice administration.

Program Evaluation

Program evaluation courses prepare doctoral students to critically evaluate criminal justice programs. Coursework covers the evaluation process, including designing evaluation questions and applying evaluation techniques in practice. Students also learn to write evaluation reports and provide written feedback on a program’s performance.

Research Theory, Design, and Methods

At the graduate level, courses on research theory, design, and methods provide advanced training in analyzing and designing criminal justice research projects. Students learn about quantitative and qualitative research designs, data collection methods, and other research components. This course prepares doctoral students to research and write a dissertation.

How Long Does It Take to Complete an Online Doctorate in Criminal Justice

Earning an online Ph.D. in criminal justice can take up to five years. During an online criminal justice degree, doctoral students complete coursework requirements, take comprehensive examinations, and write a doctoral dissertation.

Students may take coursework on a synchronous or asynchronous schedule. Programs that deliver coursework synchronously require set meeting times, while asynchronous courses let students complete assignments at any time within set deadlines.

In most programs, students complete 2-3 years of coursework before taking doctoral exams and moving on to the dissertation phase, which can take 1-2 additional years. During the dissertation, students conduct research in their subfield and write an original piece of scholarship. A faculty committee evaluates the dissertation and decides whether to award doctoral candidates their degrees.

Some programs offer an accelerated route to a doctorate. In particular, programs that require a master’s degree to gain admission may offer a faster path to a criminal justice doctorate.

Accreditation for Online Criminal Justice Degree Programs

Prospective criminal justice students should always consider a school’s accreditation status before submitting an application. Accredited universities meet the highest standards for academic excellence. To earn accreditation, schools undergo a voluntary review of their student learning outcomes, faculty qualifications, and graduation requirements. Regional accreditation provides the best measure of quality for liberal arts and research institutions.

Accreditation benefits students in several ways. An accredited degree meets the requirements for most professional licenses and certifications, and students at accredited institutions qualify for federal financial aid. Many employers prefer to hire candidates with an accredited degree.

In addition to institutional accreditation, prospective students can also look at programmatic accreditation. While most criminal justice programs hold accreditation through their universities, some specialized agencies, like the Forensic Science Education Programs Accreditation Commission , grant accreditation for criminal justice degrees.

The Council for Higher Education Accreditation maintains a list of accredited colleges and universities.

Criminal Justice Professional Organization

Professional organizations help criminal justice graduate students transition into the workforce. These organizations support students and practitioners through professional development resources, networking opportunities, scholarships, and career centers. They also help criminal justice professionals stay up-to-date with changes in the field.

National Criminal Justice Association A nonprofit professional organization dedicated to criminal justice, NCJA represents law enforcement, corrections, and court professionals. Members receive regular updates about policies and practices. NCJA also hosts an annual conference to connect criminal justice professionals. The association’s professional development resources include a forum on criminal justice that showcases research and technologies in the field.

American Probation and Parole Association APPA represents probation and parole professionals. The association offers up-to-date information on the field through newsletters, research reports, and webinars. Members can attend training institutes or leadership institutes to strengthen their professional development. APPA also provides best practices resources for probation and parole organizations.

American Society of Criminology ASC is an international professional organization for the field of criminology. Membership include criminal justice students, practitioners, and academics. The society hosts an annual meeting with networking opportunities, provides a career center with job postings, and publishes professional journals. In addition, ASC keeps members current with developments the field through two newsletters.

Criminal Justice Jobs

The field of criminal justice includes jobs in law enforcement, corrections, and the court system. A criminal justice degree leads to career paths like crime analyst, criminal justice administrator, and federal law enforcement agent.

A Ph.D. in criminal justice provides advanced training in criminal justice, preparing graduates for academic, research, and management careers. For example, most criminal justice professors hold a doctorate.

In addition to the following opportunities, an online criminal justice degree at the graduate level can also lead to other criminal justice careers .

Judges hear legal cases in court to resolve criminal and civil disputes. They research legal issues, rule on motions or applications, and preside over hearings. Judges must apply laws or precedents to reach a judgment in each case. They also write opinions and decisions on cases. Some judges preside over jury trials, where they must instruct jurors on applying the law, while other judges decide cases.

Typically, judges hold a law degree, particularly for positions in local, state, and federal courts. Judges may also need a current law license. However, some judges do not hold a law degree.

Median Annual Salary

Projected Growth Rate

Police and Detectives

Police and Detectives Police officers and detectives enforce laws and investigate alleged criminal activity. They respond to emergency calls, arrest suspects, and collect evidence from crime scenes. Police and detectives also interview suspects and witnesses, write reports on their cases, and testify in court. Federal law enforcement officers like FBI agents, CIA analysts, and federal criminal investigators do the same work, but on a federal level, which can include working in national security.

While many police jobs require only an associate or bachelor’s degree for entry-level roles, a graduate degree in criminal justice prepares law enforcement officers for supervisory responsibilities and administrative or director jobs.

Private Detectives and Investigators and investigators usually work for private clients, including individuals, attorneys, and businesses. They collect information by interviewing people, reading court records, and conducting surveillance. They can also conduct financial investigations, locate missing persons, and perform background checks. They must follow law and regulations, including privacy laws, when conducting investigations.

In many states, private detectives and investigators must hold a license to practice. A doctorate in criminal justice meets the requirements for the most advanced roles in the field, like legal investigator, forensic investigator, or case manager.

College Professors

College professors teach undergraduate and graduate courses in particular subject areas. They design course outlines, create lectures and teaching materials, and assess student learning through exams and papers. Criminal justice professors teach courses in corrections, research methods, and the criminal justice system.

In addition to teaching, professors often conduct research in their specialty area and publish their findings in scholarly journals. They also serve on committees, attend conferences, and participate in academic organizations.

Most tenure-track criminal justice professors hold a Ph.D. in criminal justice. They may also bring work experience in their field.

College Administrators

College administrators manage academic and student services at colleges and universities. They specialize in several areas, including admissions, student affairs, and the registrar’s office. College administrators with a doctorate can work as provosts or academic deans. In these roles, administrators oversee academic policies, manage budgets, and monitor faculty research. Academic deans also make faculty appointments and participate in tenure decisions.

Many college administrator jobs require a master’s degree, and some positions also require a doctorate and prior experience as a college professor. Criminal justice professors can move into administrative roles as department chairs, deans, and provosts.

Paying for Your Online Doctorate in Criminal Justice Degree

Many doctoral students pay for their degrees with a mix of scholarships, assistantships, and loans. Employers may also offer tuition assistance programs to help cover the cost of a criminal justice degree. While applying to Ph.D. in criminal justice programs, prospective doctoral students should research the following funding opportunities.

Federal financial aid

The federal government provides grants, scholarships, and loans to graduate students attending accredited programs. Doctoral students must fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) each year to qualify for federal financial aid. Learn more about filling out the FAFSA and applying for student loans .

Scholarships and grants

Criminal justice doctoral students qualify for many scholarships and grants. Professional organizations often offer scholarships, as do criminal justice organizations. While doctoral students must pay back loans after completing their degrees, scholarships and grants provide free money toward a degree, making them one of the best ways to pay for a criminal justice degree.

Teaching assistantships

Criminal justice colleges may offer assistantships for graduate students, including teaching or research assistantships. Many also provide a tuition waiver or a stipend.

Private student loans

In addition to federal loan programs, doctoral students can apply for private student loans to cover the cost of their doctoral programs. Rather than filling out a single form like the FAFSA, graduate students must apply to financial institutions individually to qualify for a private loan.

Corporate tuition assistance

Many employers provide tuition assistance for current employees earning a degree. Corporate tuition assistance programs may include a requirement to work for the company for a certain amount of time after completing the degree.

Frequently Asked Questions

A Ph.D. in criminal justice is the terminal degree in the field. It prepares graduates for both academic positions and leadership positions in criminal justice.

How Long Is a Ph.D. in Criminal Justice?

Earning a doctorate in criminal justice typically requires 3-5 years, depending on the program and whether or not a student holds a master’s degree in criminal justice.

What Does a Ph.D. in Criminal Justice Cost?

The cost of a doctoral program in criminal justice varies depending on the school. Doctoral students may also qualify for assistantships to help pay for their degrees.

What Is the Best Online College for Criminal Justice?

The best criminal justice colleges prepare graduates for leadership roles. Which program is the right program varies, depending on each student’s interests and career goals.

Can You Get a Degree in Criminal Justice Online?

Yes. Many criminal justice colleges offer online criminal justice degrees for students who prefer the flexibility of distance learning.

What Can You Do With a Criminal Justice Degree?

A criminal justice doctorate prepares graduates for academic positions, research and policy roles, and administrative roles working in law enforcement.

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List of Doctorate in Criminal Justice Programs – Campus & Online

A doctoral degree in criminal justice gives you the tools necessary to dive into, analyze, and conduct your own research on topics like policing, law and society, gender and crime, and criminal behavior. You’ll be able to look at the crime statistics of a specific area, hypothesize what caused the current situation, and determine methods that public and private justice agencies can use to enact positive change. With this criminal justice degree, you can also teach at colleges and universities.

A PhD in Criminal Justice is the most commonly offered doctoral degree for this field. While PhD programs can focus heavily on research methodologies and criminal justice issues, they are also often interdisciplinary and provide the opportunity to take electives or pursue concentrations in areas such as sociology, psychology, public health, economics, and political science. Some universities will let you enroll in a criminal justice doctoral degree program with only a BA/BS degree, while others require an MA/MS degree prior to being accepted into the program.

Graduate Criminal Justice Programs with Dr. Allison D. Redlich

If you’re considering advancing your education to a PhD in Criminal Justice, listen to this episode of the YesCollege Podcast. Scott is joined by Dr. Allison D. Redlich, professor and Director of Graduate Programs at the George Mason University College of Humanities and Social Sciences . Click here to view this episode’s show notes.

Where Can I Earn My Doctorate in Criminal Justice Degree?

While you’re listening to the podcast, check out our list of schools with criminal justice programs in the US. For each school, we provide a few highlights, including program offerings, course breakdown, and accreditation.

Click on the links below to jump to a specific state’s programs. You can also skip ahead to our Quick Facts about a doctoral degree in criminal justice, or information about degree types and accreditation .

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Connecticut

Massachusetts

Mississippi

North Dakota

Pennsylvania

South Carolina

Doctorate in Criminal Justice Quick Facts

Here is a brief snapshot of what to expect and look forward to with a doctoral degree in criminal justice.

Exploring Degree Types and Accreditation

While a PhD is the most common doctoral degree in criminal justice, there are other types of programs available too:

• PhD in Criminal Justice/Criminology – an advanced criminal justice research degree with opportunities for interdisciplinary studies in areas like sociology, psychology, public health, economics, and political science
• PsyD in Criminal Justice/Criminology – an advanced psychology research degree with a focus on criminal behavior and rehabilitation methods
• DBA in Criminal Justice/Criminology – an advanced professional business administration degree with a concentration in criminal justice
• DM in Criminal Justice/Criminology – an advanced professional management degree that focuses on leadership skills and management styles as they pertain to the field of criminal justice

Accreditation is important for all degrees, ensuring you receive a qualified education. The accrediting bodies featured in our list are:

• CIHE – Commission on Institutions of Higher Education
• DEAC – Distance Education Accrediting Commission
• HLC – Higher Learning Commission
• MSA – Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools
• MSCHE – Middle States Commission on Higher Education
• NEASC – New England Association of Schools and Colleges
• NCA – North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools
• NWCCU – Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities
• SACS – Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
• WSCUC – WASC Senior College and University Commission

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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Intelligence and Global Security

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This distinctive program is designed to educate, train and prepare candidates to advance in national security-based academic, government (including intelligence, military and law enforcement agencies), and private sector communities.

Considering today’s complex global security threats this degree will provide doctoral candidates with a comprehensive, multidisciplinary understanding of the confluence of threats posed by terrorist groups, lone actors, para-military guerrilla groups, rogue states’ regular armies, cyber criminals (including state actors and terrorists), climate change, governance breakdowns, and public health threats such as the naturally-occurring biological-based infectious diseases (such as the COVID-19 pandemic). This multidisciplinary program draws on the university’s robust programs in counterterrorism, cybersecurity, computer science, critical infrastructure, and others.

The Ph.D. in Intelligence and Global Security program will enable the graduating students to apply theoretical, conceptual, and practical ‘real-world’ skills in intelligence and security studies in their doctoral dissertations that are essential to enter and advance in the public and private intelligence and national security sectors.

This degree provides a path for current professionals in the Intelligence and Global Security field to explore new ground in the critical field of Intelligence and Global Security. The completion of the Ph.D. in Intelligence and Global Security program requires the student to produce, present, and defend a doctoral dissertation after receiving the required approvals from the student’s Committee and the Ph.D. Review Board.

Why Capitol?

Learn around your busy schedule

Program is 100% online, with no on-campus classes or residencies required, allowing you the flexibility needed to balance your studies and career.

Proven academic excellence

Study at a university that specializes in industry-focused education in technology fields, with a faculty that includes many industrial and academic experts.

Expert guidance in doctoral research

Capitol’s doctoral programs are supervised by faculty with extensive experience in chairing doctoral dissertations and mentoring students as they launch their academic careers. You’ll receive the guidance you need to successfully complete your doctoral research project and build credentials in the field. 

Key Faculty

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Adjunct Professor

Degree Details

This program may be completed with a minimum of 60 credit hours, but may require additional credit hours, depending on the time required to complete the dissertation/publication research. Students who are not prepared to defend after completion of the 60 credits will be required to enroll in RSC-899, a one-credit, eight-week continuation course. Students are required to be continuously enrolled/registered in the RSC-899 course until they successfully complete their dissertation defense/exegesis.

The student will produce, present, and defend a doctoral dissertation after receiving the required approvals from the student’s Committee and the PhD Review Boards.

Prior Achieved Credits May Be Accepted

Student Outcomes: 

Upon graduation, graduates will be able to:

• Integrate and synthesize theory and intel within the field of Intelligence and Global Security
• Demonstrate advanced knowledge and competencies in Intelligence and Global Security
• Analyze theories, tools and frameworks used in Intelligence and Global Security.
• Execute a plan to complete a significant piece of scholarly work in Intelligence and Global Security
• Critique human skills and practices for selecting teams that work in Intelligence and Global Security

Tuition & Fees

Tuition rates are subject to change.

The following rates are in effect for the 2024-2025 academic year, beginning in Fall 2024 and continuing through Summer 2025:

• The application fee is $100
• The per-credit charge for doctorate courses is $950. This is the same for in-state and out-of-state students.
• Retired military receive a $50 per credit hour tuition discount
• Active duty military receive a $100 per credit hour tuition discount for doctorate level coursework.
• Information technology fee $40 per credit hour.
• High School and Community College full-time faculty and full-time staff receive a 20% discount on tuition for doctoral programs.

Find additional information for 2024-2025 doctorate tuition and fees.

I compared multiple programs from different universities and I do believe that Capitol Tech offers the best program for this degree. Capitol Technology University also has a great reputation at my organization.

-Alpha Diallo PhD in Intelligence and Global Security

Capitol Tech demonstrates a robust, interesting, and convincing multidisciplinary intelligence and global security program which draws from a host of programs in counterterrorism, cybersecurity, computer science, and critical infrastructure and suits my research interests.

-Anthony Ibhawaegbele PhD in Intelligence and Global Security

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PhD in Psychology, Public Policy, and Law

Understand the psychology of violence to make systems more just and society safer.

Online Programs

Need additional help or information, phd in psychology, public policy, and law overview.

This unique doctoral program is designed for professionals interested in making private and public sector environments safer, stronger, and more just. Throughout the program you'll join with peers and thought leaders in exploring ways to transform existing systems to make them more equitable, impactful, and humane, resulting in dramatically improved communities, societies, and the world. Psychology and law differ in content, but the two have much in common. Psychological science understands human behavior while political science regulates it.

The doctoral program prepares you to intersect with current systems in different contexts to better understand and mitigate violence and conflict. By strengthening your scientific research as well as legal research skills and expanding your understanding, you should be empowered to engage in thoughtful leadership within civil, criminal law, and public policy frameworks to improve outcomes within local, national, or global settings and public affairs.

As a participant of the PhD in psychology, public policy, and law online program, you may become part of an elite cadre of professional practitioners who are educated and trained in applying science to contemporary social problems and legal issues. You'll learn current violence prevention and intervention practices in forensics, the criminal justice system, social policy, law enforcement and legal system, security, and social engagement to keep individuals and societies safe more effectively. Fellow students include public and private health and safety professionals who have earned a master's degree or juris doctor from a regionally accredited institution and who want to enhance their skills and advance their careers or consultancies.

With timely and relevant concentrations, the program should prepare you to work at the forefront of today’s law enforcement, security, and forensics challenges. Among other concentrations, you may opt to specialize in forensic linguistics, using the study of language to investigate violence. By analyzing word choices, discourse, and subtle changes in language that correlate with an increase in violence, you’ll participate in building a valuable corpus of material for further forensic discovery.

Concentrations include: 

• Forensic linguistics
• Conflict resolution and peace studies
• Disaster planning and management
• Criminal behavior
• Pragmatic situational awareness  

As a graduate of PhD in psychology, public policy, and law online program, you'll be qualified to pursue a meaningful and impactful career in law enforcement and public administration, as a security executive or consultant, as a forensic program developer and evaluator, in forensic linguistics or trial consulting, in risk management, as a civil investigator, mitigation specialist, and as an influencer of public policy.

Program Highlights

Strong Partnerships

CSFS is a proud sponsor of the International Law Enforcement Educators and Trainers Association  ( ILEETA ), of Forensic Linguistic Intelligence (FLI), and the California Peace Officers Association ( CPOA ). 

Important and Timely

The program provides an opportunity for you to take a deep dive into the psychology of violence and the laws and policies related to it in a variety of contexts such as criminal justice, social services, security, and media.

Online Education

The PhD in psychology, public policy, and law program is offered online with two intensive weekend residencies and incorporates technology to create a rich learning environment outside of the classroom.

Learn About Admissions Requirements

Get to Know Our Diverse Faculty

Degree Information

Faculty spotlight: diana concannon.

Diana M. Concannon, PsyD, is associate provost for Strategic Initiatives and Partnerships at Alliant International University, dean of the California School of Forensic Studies, and director of the APA-Accredited California Psychology Internship Consortium. To each of these positions, she brings more than 25 years of executive leadership experience to support the development and delivery of quality, practical, and accessible education in various mental health disciplines.

She is a forensic psychologist, licensed to practice in California, New York, Utah, and Washington D.C., a professional certified investigator by the American Society for Industrial Security, a rape escape Instructor, and a Loyola Law School-trained mediator.

She is the author of Kidnapping: An Investigator’s Guide to Profiling , Neurocriminology: Forensic and Legal Applications , Public Policy Implications , and numerous articles on threat assessment, risk management, and crisis psychology.

Links and Downloads

School Performance Fact Sheet

Frequently Asked Questions

When does the phd in psychology, public policy and law degree program start.

The PhD in psychology, public policy, and law program is offered as an eight-week term program with January, May, and September start dates. You can find a copy of our eight-week term  academic calendar here.

What scholarship and financial aid options are available?

Private and public scholarships can help you meet the cost of your education; Alliant offers a number of institutional scholarships. Learn more about these scholarship opportunities   here . Additional financial aid is available for those who qualify in the form of loans, grants, federal work study, and military aid. Learn more in our  Financial Options Guide .

How long does it take to complete the program?

The PhD in psychology, public policy, and law is a 60-credit program and takes between two and three years to complete.

Who teaches the program?

CSFS faculty includes criminologists, forensic psychologists, law enforcement officers, security professionals, and legal professionals who are engaged in professional practice.

What is the modality of the program?

You can earn your PhD in psychology, public policy, and law degree online with the addition to two onsite, weekend residencies.

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Why Alliant

At Alliant, our mission is to prepare students for professional careers of service and leadership and to promote the discovery and application of knowledge to improve lives. We offer an education that is accredited, focused on practical knowledge and skills, connected with diverse faculty and alumni, and aimed at the student experience.

CSFS is dedicated to graduating rigorously educated and trained professionals who impact society, public opinion, and policy by applying science in preventing, investigating, and mitigating conflict and violence. CSFS is a corporate partner of the International Law Enforcement Educators and Trainers Association (ILEETA), and many of our advanced practice certificates are eligible for continuing education credit.

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MS in Law Enforcement & Public Safety Leadership

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Request more information about the nationally ranked ms-lepsl program.

Recognized as one of America's Best Online Programs by US News & World Report

At a glance.

A leadership degree designed specifically for law enforcement, the MS-LEPSL program is ranked by US News & World Report as one of the best online criminal justice master's degrees in the country.

Transfer Credit for LE Training

Get 6-12 units of transfer credit from FBI National Academy, PERF's SMIP, FBI-LEEDA's Trilogy, Sherman Block SLI or Command College.

100% Online

Trust the program that is endorsed by law enforcement & highly rated by students.

Ranked as One of the Best Online Criminal Justice Master’s Degrees in the Country

Prepare yourself for the leadership opportunities that lie ahead with the MS in Law Enforcement & Public Safety Leadership (MS-LEPSL). Designed and taught by experienced criminal justice and military leaders, the MS-LEPSL program will help you develop the skills you need to lead your department effectively and with purpose.

Recognized by U.S. News and World Report as one of the best online criminal justice master’s degrees in the country, the curriculum in the MS-LEPSL program focuses on the real issues your agency faces every day. Develop practical skills in communication, technology, change management, community engagement and data fluency – all in a flexible online format that adapts to your schedule.

Number of law enforcement professionals who have enrolled in the LEPSL program

Average number of years LEPSL students have worked in law enforcement

Percentage of law enforcement CEOs who have earned at least a master’s degree

A CLOSER LOOK

Who is this program for.

The prestigious MS in Law Enforcement & Public Safety Leadership program is ideal for law enforcement professionals working in command positions as well as those who aspire to leadership roles. It is designed to sharpen your leadership capabilities to make you a more effective leader and prepare you for promotional opportunities. Law enforcement professionals who enroll in the MS-LEPSL program generally fit into one of these categories:

• Command staff and law enforcement executives seeking to become even more effective leaders
• Mid-career law enforcement professionals on a trajectory for advancement
• Early-career officers who aspire to leadership and see earning their master’s degree as a step toward that goal
• Late career professionals nearing retirement who want to build up their resume to expand their second-career opportunities

The online MS-LEPSL program is designed to be an invaluable professional growth experience for those currently working in agencies from across the country, including:

• Municipal police
• Sheriff’s offices
• State agencies
• Campus public safety
• Federal agencies, including CBP, DHS, US Marshals and others
• Tribal agencies
• Probation offices
• DA investigators
• Tribal police
• Highway patrol

STUDENT TESTIMONIALS

What a fantastic program and instructors. I learned a lot about leadership and shared it all in the academy with the newly hired deputy sheriffs. This program is second to none, and very the courses/assignments made me think outside of the box.

I have to say in my 24-year law enforcement career, this experience ranks up there with the FBI National Academy as one of the most rewarding and insightful ones of my career and life. The program learning outcomes of LEPSL have equipped me with the tools needed to advance, not only in my career but also in my personal life. The program critically addresses the challenges arguably facing law enforcement in modern times, it covers the inward examination of the organizations, and conflict resolution to name a few. It is highly recommended for ALL law enforcement leaders, both present and aspiring ones, who care about the profession and are committed to the improvements needed as we face today’s challenges, and diligently focus on rebuilding relationships and trust with the public we swore to protect!

I have been involved with two Master Level programs in the past five years. This program is by far the best program I have seen. The Professors and staff truly care about you and your learning experience. If you are looking for a great program look no further, you’ve found the best.

For those who say they don’t have the time or ability to continue their education, I wholeheartedly disagree with them. The LEPSL degree is not only manageable, but its applicability to real-world career dynamics has also already paid me dividends! The interaction with top-notch professors and students alike adds to the value this program delivers. I am so glad I took the leap to pursue my master’s degree and believe the same is true for anyone that puts forth the effort!

There is a huge focus on relevant and timely issues that are affecting law enforcement today, and that really differentiates this program from many other criminal justice programs. I also like that the class is mostly composed of high-ranking law enforcement officials. Their feedback in the course is just exceptional. The stuff that you can get from their experience is tremendous – you don’t get that in normal classes.

The LEPSL program at USD is both challenging and rewarding. I started the program at the end of my law enforcement career and couldn’t be happier about the decision. I love the interaction with fellow students throughout the country and enjoy the feedback provided to me. I find the coursework challenging, contemporary, and interesting. I highly recommend the program.

As a past President of the Hispanic American Police Command Officers Association (HAPCOA), I first became aware of LEPSL during our annual conference in Los Angeles, CA. Having been enrolled in other graduate-level programs, I was immediately impressed with LEPSL’s progressive and relevant curriculum. I’m currently only a few courses away from graduation and wish I would have known about this program years ago. As a career 35-year law enforcement leader, with both local and federal government experience, I unequivocally endorse this program for aspiring law enforcement leaders.

When I completed POST Command College, I was motivated to further my education. After researching a variety of master’s programs, I learned that the University of San Diego offers graduate level credit for Command College coursework that was transferable to the MS-LEPSL program. I definitely recommend this program to those who are desirous to promote. Managing a contemporary police agency is a complex, demanding profession that requires a motivated and educated individual. The MS-LEPSL program prepares you for these challenges and responsibilities.

I thoroughly enjoyed my experience in the LEPSL program. While there are other Master’s degree programs out there, I believe the LEPSL program is the most applicable to a career in law enforcement. Everything I learned has been very practical and relevant to my career goals. The online format is very flexible, I was able to do my schoolwork on my own time and at any time of the day (or night!). I highly recommend this program to anyone wishing to improve their leadership capabilities and advance their careers.

I am convinced that the skills amassed throughout the program were largely responsible for my appointment to Chief of Police. From all-inclusive budgeting practices to reformist community engagement ideologies, I have successfully applied those principles toward the transformation of an agency starved for change.

Admission Process

If you have a bachelor’s degree and work in law enforcement, you probably qualify for admission. Learn more about the application process and upcoming deadlines.

Practical, Relevant Curriculum

Unlike a traditional criminal justice degree, the MS-LEPSL program curriculum focuses on building critical leadership skills specific to public safety while exploring solutions to the most urgent challenges facing law enforcement agencies today.

The MS-LEPSL program includes 31 units of coursework that can be completed in 20 months. You’ll take a total of 10 three-unit courses as a one-unit capstone.

While many criminal justice graduate programs are designed by academic criminologists, the MS-LEPSL curriculum was developed with extensive input from law enforcement. The result was a highly practical set of courses designed to build the management and leadership skills needed to successfully lead a department or agency in today’s climate. This skills-centric approach allows students to explore current and relevant topics while developing as leaders.

Throughout the 5-semester MS-LEPSL program, you’ll explore:

• Effective leadership for modern public safety
• Constitutional law and how it shapes law enforcement policy
• Budgeting, resource allocation and grant writing
• Media relations and community engagement
• Technological advancements shaping law enforcement
• Dispute and conflict resolution
• Data fluency and analysis
• Organizational theory and change

Featured Courses

Awards and partnerships.

accreditation

The Master of Science in Law Enforcement & Public Safety Leadership program is regionally accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission. Accreditation is an important quality indicator for college and university degree programs, and regional accreditation is generally regarded as the gold standard that assures you will receive a rigorous education and be able to apply for federal financial aid.

program Faculty

The faculty is led by its hands-on academic director, Erik Fritsvold, PhD, who has worked to assemble an all-star team of criminal justice professionals who hold advanced degrees and possess practical leadership experience from the law enforcement and military sectors.

Tuition & Funding

Program tuition is competitive with other top universities, and is greatly reduced from the standard USD graduate tuition.

Paying for your degree

Monthly interest-free payment plans and federal financial aid can help you fund your degree. Scholarships and grants may also be available.

Earn Transfer Credit for Leadership Training

You may be eligible to receive transfer credit toward your master’s degree from training programs like FBI National Academy, SMIP, Command College and FBI-LEEDA.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long will it take me to complete my degree program.

The MS-LEPSL is a 31-unit program designed to be completed in 5 semesters (20 months). If you need to take a break from your coursework for any reason your path to graduation will be delayed.

What is the online course format?

Coursework is taken year-round, with three 14-week semesters each year (Fall classes start in September, Spring classes start in January, and Summer classes start in May.) Each 14-week semester consists of two courses running for seven weeks each back to back, allowing you to focus on one course at a time. Each class is broken into week-long modules, and students can log in and complete their assignments anytime within the week. This is what’s referred to as asynchronous learning because you will not be required to join class on a specific day and time each week.

Does the program have to be completed within 20 months?

The curriculum schedule functions on a carousel system, meaning that if you miss a course you will have to wait for the rotation to complete before jumping back in. Each course is offered once every five semesters. We encourage you to speak with an enrollment advisor or your program coordinator if you think you might need to take a leave of absence.

What is the cost of tuition for the MS-LEPSL program?

Tuition for the MS-LEPSL program is $729 per unit, which is discounted to $679 per unit for members of a law enforcement association or union, military personnel and veterans (documentation is required at the time of enrollment). The total discounted tuition cost for the 31-unit program is $21,049.

Reduced tuition begins in the semester in which approval is granted and cannot be retroactively applied.

Tuition amounts shown on this website, or in other university publications or web pages, represent tuition and fees as currently approved. However, the University of San Diego reserves the right to increase or modify tuition and fees without prior notice and to make such modifications applicable to students enrolled at USD at that time as well as to incoming students. In addition, all tuition amounts and fees are subject to change at any time for correction of errors. Please note that the displayed tuition covers only the cost of courses, and additional expenses such as books and other fees are not included.

Do you accept transfer credit from professional leadership training programs?

Yes! USD has entered into formal partnerships with several law enforcement training and professional development organizations to make it easier for graduates of those programs to seamlessly transition into the LEPSL program. Current transfer credit opportunities include:

• FBI National Academy (up to 12 units)
• FBI-LEEDA’s Trilogy (6 units)
• PERF’s Senior Management Institute for Police – SMIP (6 units)
• California POST’s Command College (12 units)
• California POST’s Sherman Block Supervisory Leadership Institute (6 units)
• San Diego County Regional Leadership Institute (6 units)
• Marine Corps University’s Command and Staff College – CSCDEP (6 units)

We are constantly evaluating new partnerships – check the transfer credit page on this website for more details.

Can I still apply if I don’t meet all of the admissions criteria?

Please work with your enrollment advisor if you are interested but do not meet all published admissions requirements. The two most important and least flexible criteria are that you must have completed your bachelor’s degree and you must have at least two years of experience working professionally in law enforcement. Military experience may also be considered. Beyond that, if your bachelor’s GPA falls short, or if you earned your undergraduate degree from a nationally accredited school rather one that is regionally accredited, we encourage you to speak to an enrollment advisor about your specific circumstances. Sometimes a low undergraduate GPA can be offset by exceptional experience and/or the completion of prestigious leadership training programs like the FBI National Academy. Alternately, you may be given the opportunity to write an additional graduate-level essay to demonstrate your readiness to take on the writing demands of a rigorous master’s degree program.

Is there any requirement to come to campus?

The MS-LEPSL program is 100% online. There is no on-campus requirement. However, we do hope you and your family can join us on campus for commencement. And if you are ever in the San Diego area we hope you’ll stop by for a tour of our beautiful campus.

Who teaches the MS-LEPSL program?

We often say our faculty is our secret sauce. Students appreciate the extensive criminal justice and leadership experience of our accomplished practitioner faculty, who collectively have a diversity of professional experience in law enforcement and military leadership. Please view our faculty page for complete profiles.

What is your graduation rate?

More than 90% of the students who enroll in the LEPSL program graduate. This is far above the national standard and a true testament to the quality of the program and the commitment to student success shared by our faculty and staff. This is a unique hallmark of USD. You will never be a number here. We value our relationship with each student and alumnus, and we truly care about helping you reach your goals.

Free eBook: How earning your master’s degree can help you achieve your career goals.

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Law Enforcement Executive Leadership (Online)

For more than a quarter century, Seton Hall University has offered qualified law enforcement officers, criminal justice professionals and government employees at the federal, state, county, and municipal levels and members of the Armed Services the opportunity to earn a Master of Arts degree in Law Enforcement Executive Leadership.  Our graduates have advanced to the highest levels within their organizations.

The Program

The Law Enforcement Executive Leadership program provides a challenging and unique curriculum, delivered through an online format, completed over 30 credit hours and within six semesters. The program is 100% online. Students may attend online classes live, or watch recorded classes at a time that works best for them. Taught by experienced and knowledgeable professors, the curriculum enables students to acquire the necessary skills and tools to analyze complex public sector challenges and manage the day-to day operations of public agencies.

Tuition Discount

In recognition of service, the University provides a significant discount for students in the LEEL program. The University offers graduate scholarship opportunities, including the Dr. Stephen and Beverly Hoptay Fellowship for New Jersey State Troopers . Public service employees may also be eligible for federal loan forgiveness programs.

• Admission Requirements
• Scholarship

Become a Leader in Law Enforcement

Seton Hall University’s Law Enforcement Executive Leadership graduate program enables students to acquire the necessary leadership skills and tools to analyze complex public sector challenges.

"Imparting the knowledge I gained at Seton Hall has been extremely rewarding; more importantly, it's been helpful to others." Stephen Hoptay, Ed.S. '04/Ed.D. '07 Senior Security Advisor, South Jersey Port Corporation; Retired New Jersey State Police Captain

Admissions Requirements  

• Online Application
• Official transcripts from all institutions attended
• Statement of goals and professional interests (one-page)  
• T wo ( 2 ) letters of recommendation regarding candidate's academic ability and personal qualifications  

Application Deadlines  

The program accepts applications throughout the year and operates on a rolling admissions basis.   

Interested students may enroll in the program, before formal acceptance, on a non-matriculated basis for the first semester.  

Faculty Listing

The faculty in the College of Human Development, Culture, and Media are expert researchers and practitioners in teacher and leader preparation as well as professional psychology and family therapy. Many are actively engaged with schools and community agencies, modeling best practices to their students in the university classroom and in the field. Collaboration within departments and across is encouraged with the recognition that supporting and improving the lives of children, families and communities is a complex process.

Take the Next Step

The College of Human Development, Culture, and Media embodies the University’s commitment to pedagogical innovation, intellectual ferment and community engagement. Uniting scholars and students from four dynamic academic departments, the College provides cutting-edge, transdisciplinary inquiry into the stickiest problems of our time.

Our collaborative ethos is the hallmark of a Seton Hall education: an interdisciplinary approach to learning that grounds students firmly in their chosen discipline while expanding their perspectives through collaboration — setting them apart in their ability to lead in a variety of fields and solve pressing problems in society.

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• Office of Graduate Affairs [email protected] (973) 275-2892

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• Homeland Security Careers
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Student Opportunities

The Department of Homeland Security offers a variety of prestigious scholarships, fellowships, internships and training opportunities to expose talented students to the broad national security mission.

Acquisition and Procurement

You can be part of the Acquisition and Procurement  team that procures over $20 billion worth of goods and services annually in support of the Department's mission.

Cybersecurity

The Secretary’s Honors Program Cyber Student Intern Program is for current undergraduate and graduate students pursuing a program of study in a cybersecurity-related field. Selected students learn about the DHS cybersecurity mission, complete hands-on cybersecurity work, and build technical experience in key areas such as digital forensics, network diagnostics, and incident response. Additionally, students participate in mentoring and professional development activities with DHS managers and senior leaders from across components.

Pathways Programs

The Pathways Programs offer clear paths to federal internships for students from high school through post-graduate school and to careers for recent graduates, and provide meaningful training and career development opportunities for individuals who are at the beginning of their federal service. As a student or recent graduate, you can begin your career in the federal government by choosing the path that best describes you and where you are in your academics.

• Internship Program  (OPM): This program is for current students enrolled in a wide variety of educational institutions from high school to graduate level, with paid opportunities to work in agencies and explore Federal careers while still in school.
• Recent Graduates Program  (OPM): This program is for individuals who have recently graduated from qualifying educational institutions or programs and seek a dynamic, career development program with training and mentorship. To be eligible, applicants must apply within two years of degree or certificate completion (except for veterans precluded from doing so due to their military service obligation, who will have up to six years to apply).
• Presidential Management Fellows Program  (OPM): For more than three decades, the PMF Program has been the Federal government’s premier leadership development program for advanced degree candidates. This program is now for individuals who have received a qualifying advanced degree within the preceding two years.

Health and Science

The Department of Homeland Security offers a number of Health and Science Programs to support students pursuing degrees in health and science-focused courses of study. These programs are designed to provide students with comprehensive, experimental, hands-on training in areas that support the mission and goals of the Department.

Intelligence and Analysis

The Office of Intelligence and Analysis (I&A) Internship Program  is designed for current undergraduate and graduate students seeking to launch an exciting career in homeland security and intelligence. I&A offers elite internships in the functional areas of Intelligence Analysis, Intelligence Operations, Management/Support, Information Technology, and Policy. The I&A Internship Program is structured to provide the experience and skill needed to produce capable, well-rounded, and corporate DHS intelligence professionals.

Law Enforcement

The Department of Homeland Security offers a number of  Law Enforcement Programs  to support students pursuing degrees in Criminal Justice, Criminology, or other law enforcement-related courses of study. These programs are designed to provide students with practical training and hands-on experience in Federal law enforcement activities that support the mission and goals of the Department. 

The Department of Homeland Security offers a number of  Legal Programs  to support law students. These programs are designed to provide aspiring legal professionals with practical training and substantial individual responsibility in areas that support the mission and goals of the General Counsel’s Office.

Public Affairs

The  Office of Public Affairs (OPA) Internship Program  provides students the opportunity to support OPA's mission of managing external and internal communications for the department. OPA responds to national media inquiries, maintains and updates the department's website ( DHS.gov ), writes speeches for principals and coordinates speaking events for department officials. We foster strategic communication throughout the department and with external stakeholders. We manage the department's organizational identity program, which includes use of the DHS seal and related guidelines. OPA oversees the department's employee communication activities, which includes town hall meetings between management and employees, and an intranet site. Our incident communications program guides overall federal incident communication activity and coordinates with state, local, and international partners to ensure accurate and timely distribution of information to the public during a crisis.

Law Enforcement Administration (Graduate Certificate)

• Program description
• At a glance
• Degree requirements
• Admission requirements
• Tuition information
• Attend online
• Application deadlines
• Program learning outcomes
• Career opportunities
• Contact information

Criminal Justice, Criminology, Justice, Management, Police, crime, law

Are you a working professional with a bachelor's degree who hopes to work in a managerial position in law enforcement? Advance your career with the specialized knowledge and skills you'll obtain through this certificate program.

The graduate certificate program in law enforcement administration prepares law enforcement professionals for career advancement.

The curriculum provides a comprehensive analysis of criminal justice organizations, policing, and program analysis and includes cross-disciplinary topics such as public administration. The program is designed to give students a solid foundational understanding of law enforcement agency administration, leadership and policy analysis.

• College/school: Watts College of Public Service & Community Solut
• Location: Downtown Phoenix or Online
• STEM-OPT extension eligible: No

15 credit hours

Required Courses (9 credit hours) CRJ 512 Seminar in Policing (3) CRJ 527 Police Accountability (3) PAF 520 Public Management (3)

Restricted Electives (6 credit hours)

Culminating Experience: none required

Additional Curriculum Information Students should see the academic unit for the approved restricted elective course list. Restricted electives may be substituted with approval of the academic unit.

Applicants must fulfill the requirements of both the Graduate College and the Watts College of Public Service and Community Solutions.

Applicants are eligible to apply to the program if they have earned a bachelor's or master's degree in any field from a regionally accredited institution.

Applicants must have a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.00 (scale is 4.00 = "A") in the last 60 hours of their first bachelor's degree program, or applicants must have a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.00 (scale is 4.00 = "A") in an applicable master's degree program.

Applicants who are nondegree-seeking students (not admitted to a graduate degree program at ASU) are required to submit:

• graduate admission application and application fee
• official transcripts of undergraduate and, if applicable, graduate coursework
• a written statement of career and educational goals
• two letters of recommendation
• current resume
• proof of English proficiency

Applicants who are graduate degree-seeking students (admitted to an ASU graduate program) are required to submit:

• graduate admission application

Additional Application Information An applicant whose native language is not English must provide proof of English proficiency regardless of their current residency.

Students from related fields such as public policy, political science, psychology, sociology and other social science degrees might be interested in this program; however, all eligible students are considered. Although most students would likely come from the aforementioned degree fields, there is no specific undergraduate degree major required for admission; the school accepts applicants with undergraduate degrees from all educational backgrounds.

Admission examinations are not required for admission to the certificate program.

ASU offers this program in an online format with multiple enrollment sessions throughout the year. Applicants may view the program’s ASU Online page for program descriptions and to request more information.

Program learning outcomes identify what a student will learn or be able to do upon completion of their program. This program has the following program outcomes:

• Critically apply management and organizational theories to issues in contemporary law enforcement practice.
• Demonstrate competence in explaining the role of proactive accountability measures in creating fairer and more effective law enforcement agencies.

Graduates of the law enforcement administration graduate certificate program find a strong job market in the public and private sectors. Employment opportunities include supervisory and management positions in criminal justice agencies at federal, state and local levels, such as city police departments, county sheriff's offices, state bureaus of investigation and federal law enforcement agencies.

School of Criminology and Criminal Justice | UCENT 600 [email protected] 602-496-1019

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Criminal Justice (BS)

Law Enforcement Leadership Emphasis, Competency-Based

Advance your career while continuing to serve and protect with this FULLY ONLINE competency-based program.

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Protect Your Community, Lead with Confidence

Law enforcement needs strong leaders. Are you ready to answer the call? Earn your Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice while continuing to prevent crime, protect others and promote peace. Designed for working professionals, our competency-based program lets you study at your own pace. Our fully online curriculum is divided into seven-week terms so you can focus on what matters. The courses are self-paced, enabling you to set your own schedule and study when you are able. Whether you’re a police officer or a member of the military, we're putting you first. Discover how you can lead others toward success through our criminal justice program.

See Yourself Succeed With a Degree in Criminal Justice

Learn the Foundation

Develop strategies to promote police trust within your community. You’ll study the historical, philosophical and ethical development of policing and how that affects law enforcement today.

Flexible, personalized pace

Take credit for what you already know. Our competency-based program lets you receive credit for skills developed through work and military experience. You deserve credit. We’re ready to give it to you.

Policing the Future

Study cutting-edge developments in law enforcement, like cryptocurrency and the problems it poses for policing. You’ll learn innovative strategies for monitoring an increasingly digitized world.

Excel in your career

Managing a policing organization takes work. We want to make this easier for you. Learn how to improve your team’s effectiveness, resolve conflict and promote wellness within the workplace.

Faculty Spotlight

student support

You’re closer to a degree than you think.

Earn credit for what you already know through our competency-based program. Designed specifically for first responders with professional experience, this program allows you to receive course credit based on your work experience and military training. Our fully online curriculum is divided into seven-week terms so you can focus on what matters.

TCOLE or Law Enforcement Training

Earn up to 30 hours of course credit based on your TCOLE or other law enforcement training.

Milit ary Traini ng

Find out how you can receive a Joint Service Transcript for your military experience.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

A degree in Criminal Justice–Law Enforcement Leadership emphasis offers you the opportunity to:

• Advance to management positions within law enforcement
• Study the federal, state and local judicial system to promote law within your community
• Identify the needs within the workplace to ensure the overall wellness of your team
• Learn how to design, establish and fund a crime analysis unit

Advance your career with a degree in criminal justice. Our program prepares you for a wide range of professions at the city, county, state or federal government levels.

Career Possibilities and Current Median Salaries

US DOL Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2022

Alumni Profiles

What You Will Learn

You’ll take a closer look at the legal aspects of law enforcement, criminal analysis and police practices. Investigate the ethical dilemmas surrounding first responders today and how that affects law enforcement decisions. You’ll also learn practical organizational and leadership skills to promote a healthy and productive work environment.

Courses to Prepare You for Your Career

• Core courses include Criminal Investigation, Police and Law Enforcement, and Correctional Systems.
• Support courses include Evidence-Based Policing, Homeland Security and Critical Thinking.

Featured Courses

This class introduces you to policing strategies as best practices designed to help agencies promote effective crime reduction while building public trust and safeguarding officer well-being. Areas of emphasis are internal processes affecting culture, policy, administrative process and training as well as external processes affecting transparency, community engagement and interactions with various populations.

This course introduces you to crime analysis and an understanding of its application within smaller jurisdictions. You will learn how to design, fund, establish and staff a crime analysis unit using evidence and statistical data for a smaller jurisdiction.

This course provides you with the knowledge, skills and best practices and procedures essential to the effective and efficient planning and direction of critical incident command, specifically police operations in crisis situations.

Course Delivery and Resources

All competency-based courses are self-paced and offered online. Our program includes a “subscription system” with a minimum of two courses required per 7-week term (There are six terms throughout the year). You may add additional courses at any point and complete the courses by the end of the term.

Institute for Competency-Based Education

The College of Innovation and Design at A&M-Commerce is associated with the Institute for Competency-Based Education . Come learn how they can help you!

All competency-based programs in the College of Innovation and Design are offered in two seven-week terms per traditional semester with a break between each term.

Program Costs

Earning a degree is more affordable than ever. Our competency-based programs offer quality education at an affordable price. These rates include all required course materials.

• Tuition exemption limited to state residents
• $300 active duty Texas law enforcement scholarship (with TCOLE verification)
• Students can only receive ONE exemption (example: you cannot stack senior citizen and active-duty law enforcement exemptions.)

Steps to Apply :: Competency-Based CBE

Step 1. prepare.

College is the next big step in your academic journey! Let’s connect! Complete a request for information to receive important updates!

Consider Your Major

Consider the field of study and degree program you want to pursue at A&M-Commerce. Take some time to review our competency-based degree programs and learn more about how competency-based education works !

Our onboarding specialists are eager to help you learn about A&M-Commerce and guide your academic journey! Once you have filled out a request for information , an onboarding specialist will contact you.

Review Admission Requirements

Transfer . competency-based.

A&M-Commerce is committed to making the transfer process as smooth as possible.

To meet automatic admission requirements as a transfer student, you must have:

• At least 12 transferable hours, excluding developmental coursework.
• A 2.0 or higher grade point average (GPA) on all transferable coursework.

Applicants who do not meet the standards for full admission may be considered through the multi-tiered admission review process.

Freshman . Competency-Based

Automatic admission to A&M-Commerce is based on the Foundation High School Program with at least one endorsement. You are strongly recommended to complete one or more available endorsement(s) that include Algebra II or its equivalent and one science course from biology, chemistry or physics. Students applying for top 10% automatic admission must complete the foundation curriculum with a distinguished level of achievement.

Standards for full admission to A&M-Commerce are based on the required high school curriculum (Foundation Plan). Entering freshmen must have successfully completed the following courses in high school:

• English Language Arts (4 credits)
• Mathematics (3 credits)
• Science (3 credits)
• Social Studies (3 credits)
• Language other than English (2 credits)

Any one of the following:

• Rank in the top 30% of graduating class or
• If submitting scores, use the A&M-Commerce codes 4088 (ACT) and 6188 (SAT) from encoura.org or collegeboard.org .

Step 2. Apply

Study and take as many competency-based courses as you like each term for as low as $750. Because these programs are fully online, you can plan your study schedule around the rest of your day to complete the coursework.

• Nursing (RN-to-BSN) applicants: use the undergraduate application .
• Alternative Teacher Certification applicants: use the graduate ApplyTexas application .

You may also apply for any of our programs through ApplyTexas .

Step 3. Submit Documents

Transcripts.

Send your school transcript via our secure document upload or request that your official high school transcript and transcripts for any college credit you have completed be sent to [email protected] .

Postal Alternative If your institution is unable to submit a digital copy, hard copies may be mailed to: Texas A&M University-Commerce Attn: College of Innovation and Design PO Box 3011 Commerce, Texas 75429-3011 We will need official/original documents.

ACT or SAT scores are optional for admission. If submitting scores, use the A&M-Commerce codes 4088 (ACT) and 6188 (SAT) from encoura.org or collegeboard.org .

Step 4: After You've Been Accepted

Login to myleo.

Your myLEO username is your CWID and your default password is your date of birth beginning with the three-letter abbreviated month (MonDDYYYY). You may refer to our guide for first-time login instructions.

• Username: CWID
• Password: Date of Birth (MonDDYYYY)

Month Abbreviations

• January: Jan
• February: Feb
• August: Aug
• September: Sep
• October: Oct
• November: Nov
• December: Dec
• Within myLeo, check out the APPS tab for LeoMail, LeoPay and D2L Brightspace, where you will access your online classes, and more.
• Check out the Student Resources tab for student information, including Undergrad DegreeWorks, your interactive degree audit, class schedules, financial aid status and awards, and more.

Acknowledge Financial Agreement

When you sign in to myLEO , the Financial Agreement will pop up. You’ll need to read over the agreement, select the checkbox and select “Continue.”

If you missed it…

If you missed it or accidentally closed the window, you can get the agreement to pop up again by following these steps.

• Sign in to myLEO .
• Go to the Student Resources Tab.
• Scroll to Student Information ,
• Click on Registration Menu . If you have not already completed the Financial Responsibility, it will appear here.

Complete FAFSA and Apply for Financial Aid

If you are not a self-pay student, you may qualify for financial aid to help pay for your classes.

Apply for financial aid by submitting a FAFSA and sending it to school code 003565.

TSI (If Required)

You do not have to complete the Texas Success Initiative (TSI) if you have met one of the following:

• Met minimum college readiness standard on the SAT or ACT
• Obtained the minimum required score(s) on the statewide high school STAAR EOCs Algebra II and English III exams (these are optional for high schools)
• Met a veteran or active military waiver (must meet specific requirements for each category)
• Received exemption based on earning a prior degree
• Received a transfer exemption (declaration by another institution)
• Completed prior college-level coursework

Students are responsible for providing proof of exemption and will be considered assessment required until documentation is provided of state exemption. For more information, please contact the Testing Center at [email protected] .

Access Degree Plan

To access your Undergrad DegreeWorks online degree plan:

• Log into myLEO .
• Select the Student Resources tab from the home screen.
• Scroll to Student Information
• Select Undergrad DegreeWorks .

Program Requirements

To be accepted into this program, you must fulfill these requirements.

Complete your prior lower level Criminal Justice core coursework (30 hours)

• Law Enforcement Training (TCOLE, CLEET, POST, Border Patrol)
• Community College criminal justice coursework
• A&M-Commerce’s traditional 16-week format Criminal Justice (BACJ/BSCJ)

To earn this degree, you must fulfill these requirements

• You can only complete these courses at A&M-Commerce.
• Transfer credits will not be accepted.
• PLA Portfolio review is not available for these courses.
• You must complete 9 hours at the 300 or 400 level from A&M-Commerce.

What is Competency-Based Education?

What is competency-based education.

Competency-Based Education (CBE) posits that learning is best measured by students demonstrating what they know and can do rather than by the number of hours spent in a classroom. CBE is student-driven and self-paced, guided by individualized feedback from an instructor and advisor. CBE is also flexible, and offered fully online, so it works around the busy personal and professional lives of adult learners and working professionals.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many hours should i take.

Students initially register for six hours (two courses per-term). You have the opportunity to accelerate into another course with the expectation that you will complete the coursework by the end of the term. You may continue to add courses, one at a time, through the 5th Friday of the term.

What is competency-based education?

Competency-Based Education (CBE) is based on the idea that learning is best measured by students demonstrating what they know and what they can do rather than by the number of hours spent in a classroom.  CBE is student-driven and self-paced, guided by individualized feedback from an instructor and advisor.  CBE is also flexible, offered 100% online, so it works around the busy personal and professional lives of adult learners and working professionals.

How long are the terms for competency-based programs?

Each term is seven (7) weeks.

Can I use my employer’s tuition reimbursement program?

The answer is determined on a case-by-case basis. Contact  [email protected]  to see if you can use your employer’s tuition reimbursement program.

How much is the tuition for the Criminal Justice (BS) Law Enforcement Leadership Emphasis, Competency-Based Program

Texas-Residents  pay a flat rate tuition fee of $1,000 per seven-week term and $2,000 for  non-Texas residents , regardless of how many courses the student enrolls in during the term. Tuition for general education/core curriculum courses and all professional development competencies will also include e-textbooks.

Can my employees receive credit for prior work experience and/or professional training?

There are several opportunities for students to demonstrate prior learning and earn college credit. Students can receive credit for military service (ACE), professional training, licenses, certifications, and by exam through the College Level Exam Program ® (CLEP).

Please contact [email protected] on questions related to TCOLE, CLEET, POST, and USCBP credits.

What is the Texas Affordable Baccalaureate in Criminal Justice?

The Texas Affordable Baccalaureate in Criminal Justice–or Bachelor of Science degree in Criminal Justice–is a competency-based online program that is offered year-round in six seven-week terms. It is tailored to certified first responders, military personnel and adult learners with criminal justice or related public service employment experience. The program is designed to provide working adults a more flexible and affordable option for degree completion.

The mission of the undergraduate degree in criminal justice at A&M-Commerce is to teach three components of the criminal justice system: law enforcement, courts and corrections. The program teaches students to think critically about issues related to the criminal justice system while advancing their written and verbal communication skills. The program also promotes the application of theoretical knowledge for addressing social justice issues in the context of the criminal justice system.

This degree program is personalized by faculty and academic coaches who advise and mentor students every step of the way. When students graduate from the program, they are better prepared for employment in a variety of public service agencies.

We’re Here to Help

• College of Innovation and Design
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• P.O. Box 3011
• Commerce, TX 75429-3011

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Wake Tech offers a variety of law enforcement training opportunities in the classroom and through practical application. Training is provided at the request of law enforcement agencies. Our training programs emphasize legal and technological advancements in law enforcement.

Wake Tech can offer these courses and more:

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Enter mandated in the search box to find a list of mandated in-service training courses. Enter online for available online courses.

Wake Tech's online distance education courses are designed with law enforcement officers in mind, allowing them to access their coursework 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Instruction is focused on active participation and scheduling flexibility.

Online courses are taught by the same qualified instructors who teach the college's traditional classroom courses. The level of coursework, required readings and examinations are the same for online and on-campus courses.

Reservations for online courses must be made by the student taking the course. Training coordinators cannot register other students for these courses. Each student must attest to his or her eligibility for a fee waiver under North Carolina General Statute 115D-5(b)(2).

Public Safety Training Academy

A firing range, a firearms training simulator, a reality-based simulation training room and a defensive tactics room are among the facilities to take your training to the next level.

Training also takes place at the following locations:

• Western Wake Campus
• Southern Wake Campus
• Raleigh Police Department shooting range
• Wake County Law Enforcement Training Center
• RDU range (email [email protected] for directions)

Telecommunicator certification course

The North Carolina Sheriff's Education and Training Standards Commission requires its dispatch center telecommunicators to be certified within one year of employment. Employees of other law enforcement agencies are encouraged to take the class to build skills. Training is free for currently employed telecommunicators. Those seeking employment with an agency may also attend. Class prerequisites include the following:

• At least 18 years old
• Documented medical physical with medical history
• Criminal background check

For more information on this course, email Glenn Mitchell at [email protected] or Christine Baucom at [email protected] .

N.C. Department of Justice exam information

Use drop-down list to enter  Subject  and  College . Then click Submit.

Doctor of Law and Policy (DLP) Policy Powerhouse: Lead the Way

Credit Hours

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100% online, 8-week courses

Transfer in up to 50% of the degree total

Become a More Knowledgeable, Ethical Statesman or Stateswoman with Our Online Doctor of Law and Policy Degree

Do you currently work in public policy or law? Perhaps you are passionate about the work you do, and you are seeking additional training that can help make you a more knowledgeable, effective statesman or stateswoman. By pursuing a career in law and public policy, you are choosing a challenging but rewarding vocation that is critical to the defense of individual liberties. Our Doctor of Law and Policy can help equip you with the advanced training needed to confront the political challenges posed to freedom and safeguard our democracy.

If there are 2 things in the world today that affect people of every background, they are law and policy. Law is the moral and philosophical foundation upon which public policy is built, and public policy is an expression of the will of the people through the political process. When public policy is understood through the lens of the law, it is better formulated, more easily defended, and more effectively applied.

Our doctor of policy and law degree online is designed to equip you with an in-depth knowledge of the law and its connection to public policy. This degree program can help you develop skills in public policy analysis, policy formulation, law implementation, and enforcement methods. At Liberty, we don’t just seek to train law and policy students – we seek to develop policy experts and legal scholars who can critically analyze complex issues and provide meaningful, impactful solutions that improve the lives of others.

Ranked in the Top 10% of Niche.com’s Best Online Schools in America

• What Sets Us Apart?
• Private Nonprofit University
• 600+ Online Degrees
• No Standardized Testing for Admission
• Transfer in up to 75% of an Undergrad Degree
• Transfer in up to 50% of a Grad/Doctoral Degree

Why Choose Liberty’s Doctor of Law and Policy Degree?

At Liberty, we believe that God is the creator of all things, including law and public policy. We also believe that we have a responsibility to train ethical, principled leaders whose commitment to country and family is preceded only by their devotion to God. By choosing Liberty, you are choosing a respected, accredited institution of higher education that is devoted to academic excellence and moral virtue.

As the scope and influence of government grow, so does the demand for policy experts. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the job outlook for political scientists is projected to grow 6% by 2029 — a growth rate higher than the national average.* If you’re interested in running for elected office, this degree can help equip you with the skills and knowledge needed to navigate complex political issues, interpret current laws, and write legislation for new laws. Our professors are esteemed scholars with years of experience in their fields who will draw on their expertise to help you succeed academically, professionally, and spiritually.

Liberty University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges ( SACSCOC ), so you can rest assured that this degree program has met rigorous accreditation standards. As a pioneer in distance education since 1985, we know what it takes to construct insightful, challenging degree programs that offer tremendous benefits to you.

*Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, at Occupational Outlook Handbook: Political Scientists (viewed online April 27, 2021). Cited projections may not reflect local and/or short-term economic or job conditions and do not guarantee actual job growth.

What Will You Study in Our Doctor of Law and Policy Degree?

Our Doctor of Law and Policy features in-depth courses that are designed to help you become a service-oriented statesman or stateswoman.

This degree program is divided into 4 sections: policy, law, research methods and tools, and a 5-step capstone sequence. In the policy section of this degree, you will study the foundational aspects of statesmanship and public policy. You will also study the founding era, the Constitution, contemporary challenges, the role of the state, foundations of federalism, and policy analysis methodology.

The core law courses will cover the foundations of the American legal process, constitutional law, and public policy. You will also study economics, administrative law, and human rights law. The law courses are taught by our law school faculty – all of whom hold Juris Doctor degrees and are licensed to practice law.

The research methods and tools section of our Doctor of Law and Policy degree features courses in research, writing, and analysis for law and policy as well as public policy lawyering skills. In addition, this section of our DLP degree can teach you quantitative and qualitative methods that are useful in conducting public policy research. Our Doctor of Law and Policy also includes a capstone sequence. Throughout the capstone, you will be able to hone your research skills and study a research concept that you’re passionate about.

Potential Career Opportunities

• Elected official
• Journalist/reporter
• Legislative aide
• Policy analyst
• Research fellow

Featured Courses

• LPCY 702 – Constitutional Law and Public Policy
• LPCY 704 – Law, Economics, and Public Policy
• PLCY 700 – Foundations of Public Policy
• PLCY 703 – Contemporary Challenges to Constitutional Order and the Role of the State

Degree Information

• This program falls under the Helms School of Government .
• View the Graduate Government Course Guides (login required) .

Degree Completion Plan

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• Tuition & Aid

Your success is our success, which is why we are committed to providing quality academics at an affordable tuition rate. While other colleges are increasing their tuition, we have frozen tuition rates for the majority of our undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs for the past 9 years – and counting.

Eligible current and former military service members and their spouses may qualify for a special rate of $300/credit hour ( learn more ) .

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Admission Information for the Doctor of Law and Policy

Admission requirements.

• A non-refundable, non-transferable $50 application fee will be posted on the current application upon enrollment (waived for qualifying service members, veterans, and military spouses – documentation verifying military status is required) .
• Send official college transcripts (mailed as sealed, unopened copies or sent via a direct electronic transcript system). A regionally or nationally accredited master’s degree with at least a 3.0 GPA is required for admission in good standing.
• Applicants whose native language is other than English must submit official scores for the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or an approved alternative assessment. For information on alternative assessments or TOEFL waivers, please call Admissions or view the official International Admissions policy .

Preliminary Acceptance

If you are sending in a preliminary transcript for acceptance, you must:

• Be in your final term and planning to start your doctoral degree after the last day of class for your master’s degree.
• Complete a Master’s Self-Certification Form confirming your completion date. You may download the form from the Forms and Downloads page or contact an admissions counselor to submit the form on your behalf.
• Submit an official transcript to confirm that you are in your final term. The preliminary transcript must show that you are within 6 credit hours of completion for a 30-48 credit hour master’s degree or within 9 credit hours of completion for a 49+ credit hour master’s degree.
• Send in an additional, final official transcript with a conferral date on it by the end of your first semester of enrollment in the new doctoral degree.

Transcript Policies

Official college transcript policy.

An acceptable official college transcript is one that has been issued directly from the institution and is in a sealed envelope. If you have one in your possession, it must meet the same requirements. If your previous institution offers electronic official transcript processing, they can send the document directly to [email protected] .

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We want to help you find the doctoral degree you want – at a price you’ve earned. As a thank-you for your military service, Liberty University offers eligible current and former service members like you or your spouse multiple pathways to earn a doctoral degree for only $300/credit hour . Find out how you can take advantage of this unique opportunity as you work toward your goal of reaching the pinnacle of your profession – for less.

Frequently Asked Questions

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Liberty University holds institutional accreditation through the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges ( SACSCOC ).

What resources will be available to me in this program?

You will have access to vast online resources through Liberty University’s library portal while pursuing your online Doctor of Law and Policy degree.

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• Tech & Innovation
• Artificial Intelligence

When Professors Partner With Police

Universities are leveraging AI to help police overcome bias in crime fighting—while contending with the technology’s own biases.

By  Lauren Coffey

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University researchers are working alongside police departments to build out AI algorithms that can cut down on bias and boost efficiency.

.shock/iStock/Getty Images Plus

When Yao Xie got her start as an assistant professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology, she thought she would be researching machine learning, statistics and algorithms to help with real-world problems. She has now completed a seven-year stint doing just that, but with an unlikely partner: the Atlanta Police Department.

“After talking to them, I was a little surprised at what I could contribute to solve their problems,” said Xie, now a professor in the university’s school for industrial engineering.

Xie leveraged artificial intelligence to work with the department to cut down on potentially wasted resources and to implement a fair policing system free of racial and economic bias.

She’s part of a growing group of professors at higher education institutions teaming up with neighboring law enforcement agencies to chip away at the potential of AI for police departments—while they also deal with problems inherent to the technology.

The projects have taken various shapes. University of Texas at Dallas researchers worked alongside the FBI and the National Institute of Standards and Technology to compare police officers’ facial recognition to what AI algorithms can detect. At Carnegie Mellon University, researchers developed AI algorithms that examine images where a suspect’s face is blocked by a mask, streetlight or helmet, or where they are looking away from the camera.

Dartmouth College researchers built algorithms to decipher low-quality images, such as fuzzy numbers on a license plate. And researchers from the Illinois Institute of Technology worked alongside the Chicago Police Department to build algorithms that analyze potentially high-risk individuals.

Those projects are part of a years-long, $3.1 million effort from the National Institute of Justice to facilitate partnerships between educational and law enforcement entities, focusing on four categories: public safety video and image analysis, DNA analysis, gunshot detection, and crime forecasting. In recent years, that focus has zeroed in on AI and its uses.

“It’s definitely a trend; I think there’s a real need, but there’s also challenges, like how to ensure there is trust and reliability in the [AI algorithm] results,” Xie said. “[Our project] impacts everyone’s life in Atlanta: How can we ensure citizens in Atlanta are treated fairly and there’s no hidden disparity in the design?”

Overcoming Ethics Concerns

Xie was first approached by the Atlanta Police Department in 2017, when it was seeking professors who could help build algorithms and models that could be applied to police data. The seven years, which ended this June, culminated in three major projects:

• Analyzing police reports to look at “crime linkages,” where the same criminal is involved in multiple cases, creating algorithms to comb through the department’s 10 million-plus cases and find linkages to increase efficiency.
• Rethinking police districts, which are often split into zones and have uneven numbers of officers. An algorithm was developed to look at rezoning divisions so officers can have better response times and avoid overpolicing specific areas.
• Measuring “neighborhood integrity,” to ensure every resident is receiving equal levels of service while building a “fairness consideration” into the design of the police-response system.

“I have friends who said, ‘I could never work with the police,’ because of their mistrust, and that’s an issue maybe AI could help,” she said. “We can identify the source of mistrust. If [officers are] not being fair, it could be on purpose—or not. And using the data could identify the holes and help improve that.”

At Florida Polytechnic University, vice president and chief financial officer Allen Bottorff is also grappling with the balancing act of working with law enforcement while keeping bias at the forefront. The university announced in June it is teaming up with the local Lakeland Sheriff’s Department to create a unit focused on AI-assisted cybercrime. A small group of Florida Polytechnic students will embed in the sheriff’s office and learn how criminals are using AI for cybercrimes, identity theft and extortion.

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The university will also be building AI algorithms that could be used in a multitude of ways, including identifying deepfakes, which can trick victims into thinking they are speaking with, say, their grandchild instead of a criminal. Florida Polytechnic is also looking at putting together an “AI tool kit,” Bottorff said, which would compile and prioritize data for officers “so by the time they step out of their patrol car they have every actionable piece of information they need.”

Bottorff says the partnership makes perfect sense for his institution. “We take a little bit different approach to higher ed and STEM; we want these to be applied pieces, want them to understand how to work in the field and not just learn the theory about it,” Bottorff said. “It’s working in a real-world situation and a not-so-controlled environment.”

While universities are working with police departments to cut down on bias within their policing, they have to bear in mind the biases that come from the AI itself and ensure they don’t lead to overpolicing in specific neighborhoods or to targeting some demographics over others. Experts have pointed out that AI acts off limited online information—usually stacked against marginalized communities.

Bottorff said one possible solution is to develop open-source data that doesn’t have a built-in bias—a potential research program that Florida Polytechnic is looking at.

“It would be, ‘Does this data have bias or doesn’t it?’ but most importantly, ‘If it’s 35 percent bias, I need to step back,’” he said.

Duncan Purves, an associate professor of philosophy at the University of Florida, has spent the last three years studying ethical predictive policing, which he said has “many issues,” including “the classic one with racial bias,” after receiving a grant from the National Science Foundation.

The project culminated in creating guidelines for ethical predictive policing. Purves said institutions that work with law enforcement departments—particularly in the AI world, which has already been blasted for its bias—need to put as much emphasis on ethics as they do on developing and utilizing new technology.

“You have police departments that want to do stuff, at least in a way that won’t get them in trouble with the public, and a lot of them don’t know how but they are interested,” he said. “They want to be able to say, ‘We spent some time investing in ethics,’ but they’re not ethicists—they’re cops. This is a way for academics to have a soft power in the way technology is implemented, and I’ve found police are open to it.”

The Provost as Swiss Army Knife

Theresa Billiot offers strategies for how top academic officers can drive positive institutional change while maintai

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Weekly Roundup: August 16-22, 2024

This roundup contains a collection of the posts published on the Forum during the week of August 16-22, 2024

Firm Boundaries and Voluntary Disclosure

The 2024 proxy season in 3 charts, insider trading by other means, post-doctoral and graduate corporate governance fellowships, california in spotlight as massachusetts avoids bill targeting private equity in healthcare, bridging the gap: comparing board and c-suite perspectives, navigating the nuances of board diversity in nasdaq-listed companies, data breach securities class actions: record settlements and investor claims on the rise, sec enforcement – top seven developments from june 2024, managing cyber risk: breach risk trends in public companies, post a comment.

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Program on corporate governance advisory board.

• William Ackman
• Peter Atkins
• Kerry E. Berchem
• Richard Brand
• Daniel Burch
• Arthur B. Crozier
• Renata J. Ferrari
• John Finley
• Carolyn Frantz
• Andrew Freedman
• Byron Georgiou
• Joseph Hall
• Jason M. Halper
• David Millstone
• Theodore Mirvis
• Maria Moats
• Erika Moore
• Morton Pierce
• Philip Richter
• Elina Tetelbaum
• Marc Trevino
• Steven J. Williams
• Daniel Wolf

HLS Faculty & Senior Fellows

• Lucian Bebchuk
• Robert Clark
• John Coates
• Stephen M. Davis
• Allen Ferrell
• Jesse Fried
• Oliver Hart
• Howell Jackson
• Kobi Kastiel
• Reinier Kraakman
• Mark Ramseyer
• Robert Sitkoff
• Holger Spamann
• Leo E. Strine, Jr.
• Guhan Subramanian
• Roberto Tallarita