doctor of nursing meaning

Everything You Need to Know About the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Degree

Career outlook.

• Online Programs
• Requirements
• Considerations
• Financial Aid
• Is It Right For Me?

When you first made the decision to become a nurse, you chose a career rooted in caring and compassion. As your focus on the health and wellbeing of your patients and the community at large has grown, so too has your dedication to the profession. Pursuing a Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP) represents the highest level of commitment and will place you at the pinnacle of your field. 

The Doctor of Nursing Practice degree , or DNP, is referred to as a terminal degree in nursing because there is no higher level of education available for practice-based training in nursing. Nurses who have their DNP are sought after for positions in nursing leadership focused on clinical applications and are considered key players in the future of healthcare in the United States. 

Popular Online Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Programs

GCU's College of Nursing and Health Care Professions has a nearly 35-year tradition of preparing students to fill evolving healthcare roles as highly qualified professionals. GCU offers a full spectrum of nursing degrees, from a pre-licensure BSN degree to a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) program.

Enrollment: Nationwide

• DNP - Educational Leadership

Enrollment: Nationwide, excluding NY and WA.

• DNP - Family NP
• DNP - Adult Gerontology Acute Care NP
• DNP - Nurse-Midwifery/Women's Health NP
• DNP - Women's Health NP

RNs with an associate degree: Advance your nursing career with a supportive online RN to BSN program for women. Simmons University has been empowering nursing leaders for more than 100 years and offering innovative online degree programs since 2013. Up to 96 transfer credits accepted. Request information now.

As a working RN, you need a flexible, transfer-friendly program to help you save time and money as you take the next step in your nursing career. In our CCNE-accredited4 RN to BSN program, you can transfer in up to 134 credits—which is nearly 75% of program requirements. Your transfer credits can be reviewed in one business day (on average).

Enrollment: FL

As a DNP, you will have much more than advanced clinical skills. Your education will provide you with expertise in areas such as statistics and data analysis and decision making, evidence-based practice, systems management, and quality improvement. You will have greater responsibilities and be looked to as an esteemed authority for input on critical strategies and problem-solving.  DNPs are rightly viewed as having higher-level skills and valued for making invaluable contributions to healthcare policy. 

Importantly, the recent emphasis on higher level learning for nursing is leading to a shift in requirements for advanced practice nurse specialties such as Nurse Anesthetists, Nurse Practitioners, and Certified Nurse Midwives. Nurses who wish to practice in these areas will eventually need a DNP rather than the current credentialing requirement of MSN.

In this comprehensive guide, we have collected what you need to know in order to pursue your DNP, as well as why a DNP degree is a smart choice. You will also find helpful information on how to find the best programs and how to pay for your education.

>> Related: DNP vs PhD in Nursing -- What's the Difference?

Advantages of a DNP Degree

Nursing is one of the most rewarding career choices available, and for those who want to truly elevate their career to the highest level, pursuing a Doctor of Nursing Practice degree is the ultimate answer. According to the Medscape Nurse Career Satisfaction Report 2016 , nurses who pursued Doctoral levels of education have the highest level of satisfaction with their educational preparation, despite the significant investment of time that the degree represents. There are several reasons for this, including:

• Higher earnings potential. Having a DNP degree adds significantly to earning potential. According to a 2018 survey conducted by Lippincott Solutions , the DNP salary was $7,000 more than nurses with an MSN and had an average annual salary of $94,000, while  Medscape reported an average annual salary of $97,000. 
• More choices in both position and specialization. Nurses who have earned their Doctor of Nursing Practice degree are eligible for the most in-demand positions and have greater opportunities to improve patient outcomes. Some of the most popular positions chosen by nurses who have earned their DNP include Nurse Educator, Chief Nursing Officer, Clinical Nurse Specialist, and Advanced Practice Nurse. 
• Greater job security. Because employers value the contributions that nurses with DNPs can offer, the demand for their services has grown, and so has their job security. Where the demand for nurses at all levels is growing overall, the positions that graduates of DNP programs are being recruited into are seeing even greater levels of need, and continue to grow. There is increased recognition of the importance of advanced-degreed nurses’ enhanced knowledge in advanced nursing practice, organizational leadership, healthcare policy and more.
• More opportunity for advancement. By pursuing a DNP degree, you are establishing yourself as a dedicated professional and giving yourself a far greater opportunity to advance your career. More and more healthcare systems are actively seeking DNP-degreed nurses to fill positions as nurse managers and nurse leaders in order to qualify for Magnet Hospital status.
• DNP is rapidly replacing the MSN degree as the required preparation for Advanced Practice Nurse positions. In 2004, the member schools affiliated with the American Association of Colleges of Nursing voted to transition the requirements for advanced nursing practice from an MSN to a DNP. Though MSN prepared nurses are still acceptable in most instances, the transition to DNP requirements is a certainty, and those who already hold a DNP degree will be in even greater demand.
• DNPs are able to practice independently. There are 23 states that permit DNPs to run private practices independently. If you are interested in operating a medical practice with complete autonomy, a DNP degree may be the right choice for you.

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About the doctor of nursing practice degree (dnp).

Earning your Doctor of Nursing Practice degree opens the door to the top levels of leadership and organizational roles within healthcare settings. DNP nurses can pursue roles in shaping policy or can continue to work hands-on in clinical practice with a higher degree of evidence-based expertise and managerial skills. 

The doctoral-level degree endows you with both the training and credentials to work in clinical and non-clinical settings, bringing with you the ability to participate in all levels of decision making and helping to shape the future of healthcare. The duties fulfilled by DNP-degreed nurses are as varied as their titles, which can include:

• Clinical nurse leaders
• Nurse practitioners
• Certified nurse midwives
• Clinical nurse specialists
• Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists
• Nurse administrators
• Nurse educators

DNP-degreed nurses can work in any environment in which hands-on healthcare is needed, as well as in healthcare leadership and policy roles. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, there is a projected 31 percent change in employment for advanced-degreed nurses in a clinical setting, while in careers outside of a patient care setting, growth is expected to be even greater. 

>> Related: Top Online DNP Programs

There are many different routes that nurses can follow to earn a Doctor of Nursing Practice degree. Students can enter the program with either a Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree or a Master’s of Science in Nursing degree, and there are even programs that have been created to allow those holding ADN degrees to “bridge” to a DNP degree. These programs are available as traditional brick and mortar academic programs that are offered on a full-time basis, as well as in more flexible part-time, accelerated and online formats that allow those who want to continue working to do so while also pursuing their studies.  All programs have the same goal: to provide the skills and tools necessary to assess the evidence gained through nursing research, evaluate the impact of that research on their practice and, as necessary, make changes to enhance the quality of care.

• RN-to-DNP Programs – These programs generally take between four and six years. Though most require students to have earned their Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree, some programs do provide extra coursework to allow ADN candidates to fill in missing nursing and bachelor’s degree curriculum requirements.  These bridge programs consist of highly concentrated on-campus sessions combined with extensive clinical hours and online instruction.
• BSN-to-DNP Programs – These programs generally take three to four years to complete, allowing nurses who have already fulfilled the basic Bachelor of Science in Nursing requirements and who have at least one year of working experience to fulfill the more extensive clinical hour requirements at an approved site close to their home, while also pursuing extensive credit hour and research requirements online.

>> Related: Top BSN to DNP Programs

• MSN-to-DNP Programs – These programs generally take one-and-a-half to two years to complete and are specifically designed for those who have already completed the rigorous Master of Science in Nursing degree. They build on the already strenuous graduate coursework that the student has completed, frequently offering advanced training in a specific field of study while furthering their focus on systems leadership, evidence-based practice and quality improvement. 

>> Show Me DNP Programs

Coursework and Curriculum

Though every DNP curriculum is different, accredited nursing programs follow the framework provided by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing in The Essentials of Doctoral Education for Advanced Practice Nursing. This outlines the curriculum and foundational outcome competencies expected of DNP programs, and the goal of elevating nursing practice to the same levels as is found in other areas of healthcare, including doctor of medicine (MD), doctor of physical therapy (DPT) and doctor of pharmacy (PharmD). The framework outlines the need for DNP-degreed nurses to be prepared to lead change, promote health, and elevate care in every setting in which they serve. The core of a Doctor of Nursing Practice program stresses eight key elements aligned with foundational outcome competencies, as well as specialty competencies in particular areas of interest and practice. The eight foundational outcome competencies are:

• Scientific Underpinnings for Practice (human biology, the science of therapeutics, psychosocial sciences, the science of complex organizational structures, philosophical, ethical and historical issues inherent in the development of science)
• Organizational and Systems Leadership for Quality Improvement and Systems Thinking
• Clinical Scholarship and Analytical Methods for Evidence-Based Practice
• Information Systems/Technology and Patient Care Technology for the Improvement and Transformation of Healthcare
• Healthcare Policy for Advocacy in Healthcare
• Interprofessional Collaboration for Improving Patient and Population Health Outcomes
• Clinical Prevention and Population Health for Improving the Nation’s Health
• Advanced Nursing Practice

The specialty competencies focus of the DNP degree will either emphasize a direct care focus such as nurse practitioner (NP), certified nurse midwife (CNM), certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA) or clinical nurse specialist (CNS), or an organizational focus such as organizational and professional leadership, management health policy or nursing/health informatics. 

Every DNP program will be different, but the AACN suggests that all programs consist of a minimum of 1,000 hours of post-baccalaureate practice that provides students with opportunities for feedback from experts in nursing and other disciplines within the practice environment, as well as a final project designed to demonstrate their mastery of an advanced specialty within nursing practice. 

Depending upon whether DNP candidates are pursuing an Advanced Practice Nursing Direct Care Focus or an Aggregate/Systems/Organizational focus, they are likely to pursue courses in the following content areas:

• Advanced physiology/pathophysiology
• Health/physical assessment
• Advanced Pharmacology
• Populations
• Systems (including information systems)
• Organizations
• State and national policies

No matter the focus chosen by an individual student or emphasized by the program that they select, all DNP programs aim to address changing healthcare needs and to meet those needs by providing DNP-degreed nurses with the highest level of scientific knowledge and practice expertise to raise the levels of care and improve patient outcomes.

>> Related: Top Direct-Entry DNP Programs

Salary and Pay

Where the U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics indicated that registered nurses earned an average salary of $86,070 in 2023, Advanced Practice Registered Nurses and DNP-degreed nurses in non-clinical settings earned substantially more: the median pay for Nurse Practitioners, Nurse Midwives, and Nurse Anesthetists was $129,480  during the same period. 

DNP-degreed nurses earned a national average of $117,859, according to ZipRecruiter .

DNPs have demonstrated a personal commitment to their profession and to leadership, and as a result, they are in high demand. Employers offer them a wide range of executive benefits and enticements, including vacation pay, bonuses, tuition reimbursement, onsite childcare, sick leave, and more. 

While the career outlook for all nurses is extremely high, the need for nurses with DNP degrees is expected to grow even more. The  BLS reports a need for 123,600 more APRNs in the next decade, a projected growth of 38%.

• It is notable that in its publication “The Future of Nursing: Focus on Education,” the Institute of Medicine set a goal of having 80% of the nation’s Registered Nurses holding a BSN or higher by the year 2020. Currently, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services says that number is only 55%. 
• The Association of American Medical Colleges has warned of a growing shortage of physicians across the United States , and both that organization and the National Council of State Boards of Nursing have indicated that DNP-degreed Advanced Practice Nurses degree can provide services where care is most needed.  This will lead to even more demand for the skills that DNP-degreed nurses bring.

DNPs have a wide range of environments where they can work, including all of the traditional and non-traditional settings where you will find registered nurses. However, their advanced education makes it most likely that you will find DNP-degreed nurses in high-level positions in settings including:

• Internal medicine practices
• Specialty practices
• Autonomous practices
• Universities or colleges
• Healthcare administration settings
• Healthcare policy advocacy settings

DNP-degreed nurses who choose to focus on advanced practice direct care have the opportunity to work in every healthcare specialty, including:

• Family medicine
• Home Health
• Substance abuse
• Geriatric care
• Rehabilitation
• Labor and Delivery
• Public health

Key Differences Between RN and DNP Degrees

Both RNs and those who pursue the more rigorous DNP degree are Registered Nurses who can work closely with patients, treat illness and monitor health, but pursuing an advanced degree will make a significant and immediate difference in compensation, responsibilities, and ability to work in a specialized area, as well as in the opportunity to assume a leadership position. 

DNP-degreed nurses are not only provided with the education they need to provide an advanced level of patient care: they can also do research, teach, impact public policy, consult with corporations and lead health systems. They will play an integral role in the future of healthcare in the United States.

The differences between an RN and a DNP include:

• Advanced Practice Registered Nurses, such as NPs, CNMs, and CRNAs, earned an average of $129,480 in 2023, compared to $86,070 per year earned by RNs
• Potential for leadership and executive positions
• DNP-degreed nurses often take on the responsibilities traditionally assigned to physicians. They can diagnose and treat acute and chronic illnesses, prescribe medications, create patient treatment plans, and work autonomously in their own practice in 30 states nationwide .

Types of DNP Programs

Deciding to pursue a DNP degree represents a significant commitment. There are a few different options on how to achieve this goal and much of your decision on which program is best for you will depend upon your current situation. The approaches available include:

• RN-to-DNP Program:  These programs are most frequently designed for those who already have earned their BSN degree, though there are a few that offer the opportunity for registered nurses who have earned their ADN to take additional coursework to make up for the education they lack. These students may be required to complete an additional year of hands-on nursing and a statistics course. These programs generally take four to six years to complete.
• BSN-to-DNP Program: This type of program is for nurses who have earned their Bachelor of Science in Nursing.  It acknowledges their clinical experience and education and provides them with all of the coursework that would provide an MSN, as well as the more advanced DNP level of education. These programs allow them to pursue a specific area of focus, which may be organizational or direct practice. BSN-to-DNP programs take between three and four years to complete.
• MSN-to-DNP Program: Nurses who already have earned their Master of Science in Nursing degree provide students with a higher level of academic and clinical training they need to facilitate change in today’s healthcare environment. Students select either an advanced practice nursing direct care focus, an aggregate/systems/organizational focus, or both. These programs can be taken in a traditional, campus-based setting on a full-time basis that takes two years, on a part-time basis that takes about three years, or on a one-year accelerated basis. 

Online DNP Programs

Many individuals who are interested in earning their Doctor of Nursing Practice degree are already in the workforce and would prefer to continue working while pursuing their studies. There are numerous high-quality programs available to facilitate this goal. If you are a working professional, an online program will allow you to achieve your goals in less time than a traditional educational environment, while still supporting your career and/or your family. As long as an online program is accredited by The Accreditation Commission For Education in Nursing and the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) , it meets all of the required curriculum criteria.

Online programs are available for at least a portion of each of the various types of DNP degrees and offer distinct advantages, including:

• Flexibility. They offer the ability to learn while accommodating existing work schedules and busy lifestyles
• They are eligible for federal financial aid
• Efficiency. They offer you the ability to earn your DNP degree in less time
• No waiting for online DNP programs , as admissions are “rolling” throughout the year
• Full and part-time programs are available
• Accessible no matter where you live
• Less expensive than degrees earned in traditional educational settings

There are a number of factors for you to consider when choosing a program that is right for you. In addition to the program’s reputation and cost, you need to determine whether a program will work for your individual needs and convenience. An online DNP program that requires you to attend a percentage of classes in person may not make sense: likewise, a program that is not in your immediate area and that requires you to participate in clinical hours at a specific facility may also pose a challenge. 

It is also very important when searching for an online DNP program that you select one that has been accredited. Accreditation assures both you and future employers that the program from which you graduated meets current, evidence-based standards. 

There are two accrediting bodies for RN programs: 

• Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) , which accredits all levels of nursing degrees
• Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) , which provides accreditation for programs offering Bachelors’ degrees and higher

Classes and Clinicals

DNP coursework moves far beyond basic nursing and clinical education, providing a comprehensive, higher-level education specific to the student’s chosen course of study. Though each program is different and has its own emphasis, priorities, and philosophies, all accredited programs are a reflection of the national standards set forth under AACN recommendations these includes,

• A program structure consisting of 36 months of full-time study: for those who have already attained their MSN, this generally means an additional 12 months of full-time study. 
• Post-baccalaureate practice experiences of at least 1,000 hours are also suggested. 
• DNP degrees are considered complete when these requirements have been met, as well as a final project that demonstrates what the student has learned and achieved during the course of their studies. 

Some examples of what a final project might consist of include,

• A pilot study
• A research project
• A quality improvement project
• A practice portfolio

DNP Program Requirements 

DNP programs vary based on the individual school and the focus of the program, but prospective students should be aware that acceptance into DNP programs is extremely competitive as a result of the growing number of positions requiring an advanced degree. Those considering pursuing a degree should do everything they can to ensure that they meet the basic general requirements for admission of the schools to which they are applying. 

For direct-entry DNP programs, applicants should expect to meet the following requirements,

• Current U.S Registered Nurse (RN) license in good standing in the state that you will be doing your clinical practice in
• Minimum of one year of nursing experience, with many programs requiring a minimum of two years
• Completed application with all appropriate fees and required document, which may include a resume, a personal statement, and official transcripts
• Completion of prerequisite courses
• Minimum GPA
• Letters of recommendation
• Personal interviews

What to Consider Before Enrolling in a DNP Program

Choosing to pursue a Doctor of Nursing Practice is a big decision and one that should only be pursued after careful consideration. Here are some things for you to keep in mind:

A DNP program represents a significant time commitment. 

Pursuing your DNP is a big commitment of both time and money, but it is also a life-changing investment in your future. The additional years of education you pursue will make a substantial difference in your knowledge and skill, and this will not only show up in the level of care you provide to your patients, but also in your earnings potential, your upward mobility within the field, and the respect accord to you as the holder of a doctoral degree.

DNP programs can be challenging to get into.

Like all nursing programs, DNP programs are growing increasingly competitive . Doing the work that is needed to qualify for acceptance requires dedication, but the rewards for doing so are very real and will continue to expand as the need for advanced placement nursing and nurse executives become greater. Nursing is a profession that is highly respected, and those who have worked to ensure that they have the highest level of training and education are viewed as extremely favorably.

DNP programs are more expensive.

Though DNP programs cost more to attend, there are many organizations and resources to help students with financial aid. Additionally, those who earn their DNP will find that upon graduation they are quickly able to earn back the difference in tuition: the more advanced degree brings more high-level job opportunities that offer significantly higher salaries.

How Much Does a DNP Degree Cost?

There are many factors that contribute to the cost of a DNP degree including, 

• Where the school is located
• Whether you choose an online program on an in-person program
• Whether you choose to enroll at a private college or a state school, and if the latter, whether you are attending as an in-state student or an out-of-state student.

There are currently 348 DNP programs available across the country , with another 98 in the planning stages: this means that applicants have choices available across all 50 states that can fit their budgets and needs. Costs per credit hour or for full-time tuition also depends upon the reputation of the program. 

The average total cost of an in-state, online, accredited DNP program is $27,745, with the most affordable costing under $12,000 and the costliest adding up to over $60,000 in 2017. 

Though cost is always an important consideration, it is also important that you remember the significant benefits and increased earnings that follow earning your DNP degree, as well as that you can lower your costs significantly by attending public institutions, seeking financial aid, and applying for governmental grants. 

Paying for the DNP Degree – Financial Aid, Scholarships, Grants, Loans

The cost of education is high, and a DNP degree represents a substantial investment.  Many organizations offer tuition reimbursement for advanced degree programs, and there are many other options available to help defray costs, including grants, scholarships, and loans.

Here are just a few:

Scholarships. A number of organizations offer scholarships that are specifically dedicated to encouraging students to pursue advanced degrees in nursing. Searching online reveals numerous options, but a few notable examples can be found below: 

• A.T. Anderson Memorial Scholarship – $2,000 for the academic year for graduate students pursuing a STEM-related degree, is of Native American background, has at least a 3.0 GPA and is a member of AISES (American Indian Science and Engineering Society).
• AfterCollege/AACN $10,000 Scholarship Fund - $10,000 in support of students seeking a baccalaureate, master’s or doctoral degree in nursing. Special, consideration is given to students in a graduate program with the goal of becoming a nurse educator; students completing an RN-to-BSN or RN-to-MSN program, and those enrolled in an accelerated program.
• AORN Foundation Scholarships – The Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses foundation offers scholarships to registered nurses who are continuing their education in perioperative nursing by pursuing a bachelor’s, masters or doctoral degree.
• Johnson & Johnson/AACN Minority Nurse Faculty Scholars Program – Johnson & Johnson has partnered with the AACN to expand diversity among the nurse faculty population and address faculty shortages by offering $18,000 in scholarship funds per year to five qualifying scholars as they complete a doctoral or master’s degree program in nursing.

Grants. A variety of grants are given out to students who demonstrate financial need. These are offered by the federal government, as well as by states and individual colleges. There are also numerous organizations, including charitable foundations, professional associations, corporations and others that disburse grants to doctoral candidates. Like scholarships, grants do not require that you repay them. 

Student loans. Though student loans will eventually need to be repaid, students who enroll in DNP programs do so with the knowledge that once they’ve earned their degree, they are likely to earn a significant salary. The best source of a student loan is the federal government, which provides both more protection and lower interest rates. Applying for these loans requires filling out the same form that you use to apply for a grant — the FAFSA. Students who have significant need may qualify for loans that do not accrue interest until after they have earned their degree. Private loans are also available through banks, credit unions, and other sources. Make sure that you read all terms carefully, as there are unethical organizations that can include misleading terms, hidden fees, and high-interest rates.

Payment plans. If you are going to pay cash for your tuition, the DNP program that you enroll in may allow you to set up a payment plan. Many schools also offer financial aid, so contact the school directly to ask what options are available.

Next Steps to Enroll in a DNP Degree Program

Once you’ve made the decision to pursue a Doctor of Nursing Practice degree, there are a number of important steps that are either required or recommended to help you achieve your goal. 

• Investigate the programs that are available to you. Just as in choosing any educational program, you want to determine the type of campus and program that you want to apply to. Considerations include your specific educational and career background, the role you want to fill, the program location, the program reputation, how competitive the program is, and cost. Once you’ve identified those that are of interest, make a checklist for each one’s application requirements and deadlines. 
• Collect all appropriate documentation. Collect all pertinent transcripts, proof of graduation, resume, letters of recommendation and other requirements. 
• Apply to the accredited DNP programs that you have identified.
• Apply for financial aid if needed

Is a DNP Degree Right for Me?

Choosing to pursue a Doctor of Nursing Practice degree is a big decision that should be based on your own personal goals, dreams, and needs. If your long-term goals including earning significantly more income, earning the respect of your colleagues and community, and playing a key role in the quality of the healthcare that people receive, then pursuing a Doctor of Nursing Practice degree is the right choice for you. 

Medscape Nurse Career Satisfaction Report 2016

Lippincott Solutions

American Nurses Credentialing Center

Clinical Advisor

Bureau of Labor Statistics

Association of Colleges of Nursing

American Organization of Nurse Executives

Healthcare Leadership Alliance

Institute of Medicine

Association of American Medical Colleges

National Council of State Boards of Nursing

The Accreditation Commission For Education in Nursing

Johns Hopkins University

U.S. News & World Report

Beckers Hospital Review

AACN Nursing

American Indian Science and Engineering Society

Johnson & Johnson

CollegeScholarships.org

Investopedia

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Nursing Schools

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Programs

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) is the highest-level college degree that can be awarded in the field of nursing practice. The DNP doctoral degree program is designed for registered nurses seeking to advance their careers by gaining expertise in the latest evidence-based practices, improving patient care outcomes, and assuming leadership roles within the healthcare system. Unlike the research-focused Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing (PhD), the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) program emphasizes practical, clinical expertise and application of research findings to real-world healthcare settings.

In our list of nursing colleges we identify Doctor of Nursing Practice programs by the acronym DNP . This doctoral level nursing degree program may be given a longer title by the college or university such as a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) to Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Program and Post-Master's Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Program depending upon your starting point.

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Overview:

• Prepares the Registered Nurse (RN) for leadership roles in healthcare.
• Highest level of nursing practice education.
• Program lengths range from 2 to 4 years.
• Total tuition costs vary from $20,000 to $100,000.
• May include Advanced Practice RN (APRN) or specialty certification.
• A scholarly capstone project is required to graduate.

What does Doctor of Nursing Practice mean?

A Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) is an advanced-level degree that focuses on the clinical aspect of nursing, aiming to prepare registered nurses for the highest level of practice. Although both DNP (nurse) and MD (doctor) are doctoral-level degrees in the healthcare field, they serve different purposes and require different paths of study. An MD focuses on diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases primarily through a biomedical approach, and represents the traditional path to becoming a physician or surgeon. DNP graduates typically continue in the field of nursing, taking on roles such as nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives, or healthcare executives.

The DNP degree was introduced in response to the rapidly evolving healthcare landscape, marked by increasing complexity in patient care and a growing emphasis on healthcare quality and safety. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) endorsed the DNP as the appropriate level of preparation for advanced practice nurses in 2004, setting the stage for the transition from the Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) as the entry-level degree for advanced practice to the DNP. This shift was motivated by the need for a more highly educated nursing workforce capable of addressing the challenges of modern healthcare systems, including disparities in healthcare access, the integration of technology in patient care, and the implementation of evidence-based practice.

DNP vs PhD in Nursing: Key Differences

While both the DNP and the PhD in Nursing are doctoral degrees, they serve different purposes and cater to different career aspirations within the nursing profession.

• DNP (Doctor of Nursing Practice) : The DNP is a practice-oriented degree focused on applying research to improve clinical outcomes, patient care, and healthcare systems. DNP-prepared nurses often hold leadership roles in clinical settings, policy, administration, and education, where they implement evidence-based practices to enhance healthcare delivery.
• PhD (Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing) : The PhD is a research-oriented degree designed for individuals interested in generating new knowledge through rigorous research. PhD-prepared nurses typically pursue careers in academia, research institutions, and policy development, focusing on conducting studies that advance the science of nursing and healthcare.

The choice between a DNP and a PhD in Nursing depends on one's career goals. Those who wish to remain at the forefront of clinical practice, influence healthcare policy, and lead organizational change may find the DNP the more suitable path. Conversely, individuals passionate about research and contributing to the nursing body of knowledge may opt for the PhD route.

Which colleges offer Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs?

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs are most commonly found in universities that have a strong focus on health sciences. Community colleges and two-year institutions would not offer DNP programs due to the advanced level of study and research required that culminates in a doctoral degree. Instead, DNP programs are housed in universities with the resources, faculty, and facilities to support advanced nursing education and research.

Here are a few examples of colleges which offer DNP programs:

• California State University (Los Angeles, California)
• Columbia University (New York, New York)
• Georgia State University (Atlanta, Georgia)
• Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore, Maryland)
• University of Florida (Gainesville, Florida)
• University of Illinois (Chicago, Illinois)
• University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
• University of Texas (Austin, Texas)
• University of Washington (Seattle, Washington)
• Vanderbilt University (Nashville, Tennessee)

As you consider pursuing a Doctor of Nursing Practice degree, visiting the websites of nursing schools in your area can provide you with a wealth of information about DNP programs in general, including admission requirements, curriculum details, faculty expertise, and unique opportunities for students. Researching each program thoroughly will help you find one that best fits your professional goals and educational needs. We encourage you to supplement your research by exploring these institutions to gain deeper insights into what they offer for DNP education.

How long does it take to complete a DNP program?

The time it takes to earn a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree in nursing can vary based on several factors, including the individual's starting point, full-time or part-time enrollment status, and the specific requirements of the DNP program they choose. Here are some common pathways:

• BSN to DNP Programs : For nurses who start with a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN), BSN to DNP programs can typically take 3 to 4 years of full-time study. These programs are designed for registered nurses who want to progress directly to a doctoral degree without first earning a master's degree.
• MSN to DNP Programs : For nurses who already hold a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN), MSN to DNP programs usually require 1 to 2 years of full-time study. The exact duration depends on the number of credits required and the nurse's specialization. Some part-time MSN to DNP programs may take longer, up to 3 or 4 years, to allow working professionals to balance their studies with professional responsibilities.

It's important to note that the duration of the program can also be influenced by the nursing specialty , any required clinical practice hours, and the nature of the capstone project or dissertation required to complete the degree. Prospective students should review the specific requirements and estimated completion time for each program they consider, keeping in mind that part-time study options will extend the duration of the program.

Can you take a Doctor of Nursing Practice program online?

Yes, many institutions offer Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs in an online format, catering to working professionals who need the flexibility to balance their studies with clinical practice and personal commitments. Online DNP programs provide an accessible pathway for registered nurses who aspire to advance their careers to the highest level of nursing practice without the need to relocate or take a break from their current employment. These programs are designed to deliver the same rigorous curriculum, including core subjects, specialized courses, and capstone projects, as their on-campus counterparts. They often incorporate synchronous and asynchronous learning elements, interactive discussions, and digital resources to facilitate a comprehensive educational experience.

Moreover, online DNP programs typically require students to complete clinical hours in their local communities or regions, ensuring that they gain practical, hands-on experience relevant to their area of specialization. This blend of online coursework and local clinical practice allows students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world healthcare settings, enhancing their learning outcomes and preparing them for leadership roles in nursing. It is important for prospective students to choose accredited online DNP programs to ensure the quality of their education and its recognition by employers and professional bodies.

Common DNP Program Admission Requirements

Prospective students looking to earn a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree must meet a series of admission requirements. These criteria are designed to ensure that candidates possess the academic foundation, clinical experience, and professional maturity necessary for success in this rigorous and advanced level of nursing education. Understanding these requirements is the first step in preparing your application.

Academic prerequisites and professional experience requirements:

• Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) or Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree from an accredited institution
• Minimum cumulative GPA of 3.0 on a 4.0 scale in undergraduate and, if applicable, graduate studies
• Current, unrestricted Registered Nurse (RN) license
• At least one to two years of full-time nursing practice experience preferred

Generally required application materials:

• Completed application form
• Official transcripts from all post-secondary institutions attended
• Current resume or curriculum vitae
• Personal statement or essay detailing professional goals and reasons for pursuing a DNP degree
• Two or three letters of recommendation from academic or professional references

The admission process for DNP programs is competitive, highlighting the importance of a strong application that showcases your commitment to advancing your nursing career. In addition to meeting the basic requirements, demonstrating leadership potential, advanced clinical skills, and a clear vision for how a DNP degree will impact your practice can strengthen your candidacy. Prospective students are encouraged to contact admission advisors at their institutions of interest for personalized guidance and to ensure they have the most current information on application requirements and deadlines.

Curriculum for Doctor of Nursing Practice Programs

The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) curriculum is designed to prepare nurses for the highest level of clinical nursing practice. Through a blend of coursework, clinical practice, and research activities, the DNP program aims to develop nursing leaders who are equipped to drive innovation and improvement in healthcare. The curriculum covers a broad spectrum of subjects, from advanced clinical skills to healthcare policy and evidence-based practice, ensuring graduates are well-prepared to meet the complex demands of today's healthcare environment.

Core Curriculum Courses:

• Advanced Pathophysiology
• Advanced Pharmacology
• Advanced Health Assessment
• Healthcare Policy, Ethics, and Advocacy
• Nursing Leadership and Management
• Evidence-Based Practice and Research Methods
• Informatics in Healthcare

Specialization Courses:

• Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner
• Family Nurse Practitioner
• Nurse Anesthesia
• Nurse Midwifery
• Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
• Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner

Clinical Practicum and Capstone Project:

• Supervised clinical practicum hours in selected area of specialization
• DNP Capstone Project: A scholarly project that addresses a practice issue relevant to nursing and healthcare

The DNP curriculum not only emphasizes the importance of advanced clinical competencies but also fosters leadership, policy analysis, and the application of research to improve healthcare outcomes. Students engage in extensive clinical practicums to gain practical experience and complete a capstone project that demonstrates their ability to translate evidence into practice. This comprehensive educational approach ensures that DNP graduates are poised to lead change, influence healthcare policy, and enhance patient care across various settings.

Clinicals for Doctor of Nursing Practice programs

Clinical experiences are a cornerstone of Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs, essential for developing advanced practice skills and integrating theory into practice. These clinicals are required components of DNP programs, providing students with the opportunity to apply advanced nursing knowledge in real-world healthcare settings. Through these hands-on experiences, DNP students gain proficiency in their area of specialization, whether it be in direct patient care, systems leadership, or healthcare policy.

Types of Clinical Experiences:

• Direct Patient Care : Clinical rotations that focus on providing advanced nursing care to individuals, families, and communities.
• Leadership and Management : Opportunities to work in healthcare administration, policy development, and organizational leadership roles.
• Quality Improvement Projects : Projects aimed at enhancing the quality and safety of patient care within healthcare systems.
• Healthcare Policy : Engagements in legislative and policy-making processes to advocate for improvements in healthcare access, equity, and outcomes.
• Informatics : Experiences in utilizing healthcare information technology to improve patient care and healthcare delivery.

The completion of clinical hours is a graduation requirement for DNP students, ensuring they are not only knowledgeable but also competent and confident in their practice. These experiences are guided by qualified preceptors and are designed to meet the specific learning objectives of the DNP program. Clinical placements vary widely, depending on the student's focus area and the program's partnerships with healthcare facilities. The ultimate goal of DNP clinicals is to prepare advanced practice nurses who are capable of leading the way in improving healthcare outcomes, advocating for patients, and driving innovation in nursing practice and healthcare delivery.

Doctor of Nursing Practice Program Tuition Cost

The tuition cost for traditional on-campus Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs can vary significantly, influenced by several key factors. Generally, the tuition range for DNP programs in the United States can span from approximately $20,000 to over $100,000 for the entire duration of the program. This broad range reflects differences in program length, institutional type, and geographic location.

Several factors impact the tuition cost for DNP programs:

• State Subsidized Tuition : Public universities often offer lower tuition rates for state residents compared to out-of-state students. This can make DNP programs at public institutions more affordable for residents of that state.
• Public vs Private College : Private colleges and universities typically charge higher tuition rates than public institutions. The funding model for private colleges relies more heavily on tuition and donations, which can drive up costs for students.
• Financial Aid Options : Scholarships, grants, and loans can significantly offset the cost of DNP programs. Many institutions offer financial aid packages to qualifying students, and there are also external funding opportunities specifically aimed at nursing students.

It's important for prospective DNP students to consider these factors when evaluating the cost of programs. Researching state residency requirements, exploring financial aid options early, and comparing the cost between public and private institutions can help in making an informed decision. Additionally, many programs offer detailed breakdowns of tuition and fees on their websites, providing clarity on the expected financial investment. Prospective students should also consider the long-term return on investment, as obtaining a DNP can lead to advanced practice roles with higher earning potential.

Career Prospects after Completing a DNP Program

Graduates of Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs are well-prepared for a wide range of advanced practice roles in healthcare, enjoying not only greater job responsibilities but also significantly higher salary prospects. With the healthcare industry's increasing complexity and the growing emphasis on quality patient outcomes, DNP-prepared nurses are in high demand. According to recent data, DNP graduates can expect salaries well above the average for registered nurses, with figures often starting from $100,000 annually and increasing with experience, specialization, and geographic location.

The following list outlines some of the common job titles or roles for DNP graduates:

• Advanced Practice Registered Nurse
• Chief Nursing Officer
• Clinical Nurse Leader
• Clinical Nurse Specialist
• Healthcare Administrator
• Healthcare Policy Maker
• Nurse Anesthetist
• Nurse Educator
• Nurse Midwife

Completing a DNP program opens the door to career advancement opportunities that are not only rewarding in terms of salary but also in the ability to make a significant impact on patient care, healthcare policy, and the nursing profession as a whole. DNP prepared nurses are recognized as leaders in their field, equipped with the skills to implement evidence-based practices, improve healthcare delivery systems, and educate the next generation of nurses. The investment in a DNP degree thus represents a pathway to both professional growth and the opportunity to contribute to meaningful change in healthcare.

Tips for Choosing the Right DNP Program

Choosing the right Doctor of Nursing Practice program can significantly influence your career trajectory and professional fulfillment. Here are some tips to consider:

• Accreditation : Research the accreditation status of the DNP program to ensure its quality and recognition.
• Reputation : Consider the reputation and ranking of the nursing school, as this can impact your education and employment prospects.
• Specializations Offered : Ensure the DNP program you choose offers a curriculum and the resources that support your specific interests.
• Program Format : Look for flexible scheduling options that fit your needs, such as nights, weekends, and online classes, to accommodate your personal and professional life.
• Faculty Expertise : Look for programs where faculty members are leaders in their fields, with a mix of academic credentials and practical experience.
• Clinical Placement Support : Investigate how each program facilitates clinical placements, through a healthcare partnership, or on your own.
• Program Outcomes : Look for statistics on graduation rates, board certification pass rates, and employment rates of graduates.
• Cost and Financial Aid : Consider the DNP program's cost, clinical travel expenses, and the availability of financial aid.

Choosing the right DNP program is a personal and strategic decision that requires careful consideration of multiple factors. By prioritizing accreditation, program format, specialization offerings, clinical placement support, faculty expertise, program outcomes, and financial considerations, you can select a program that not only meets your educational needs but also propels you toward your professional goals in nursing.

For nurses contemplating the next step in their professional journey, the DNP offers a path to achieving personal and professional goals while making a significant impact on the health and well-being of their communities. As healthcare continues to evolve, the need for DNP prepared nurses will only grow, underscoring the critical role they play in shaping the future of healthcare.

Last updated: March 14, 2024

Nursing Degrees

References:

• Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) program . University of Florida College of Nursing, Academic Programs. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
• Doctor of Nursing Practice . University of Utah College of Nursing, Graduate Programs. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
• Doctor of Nursing Practice . University of Arizona College of Nursing, Academic Programs. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
• Doctor of Nursing Practice . University of Houston, Andy & Barbara Gessner College of Nursing, Graduate Programs. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
• Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) . University of Pennsylvania, Penn Nursing, Doctoral Programs. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
• Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Advanced Practice . The Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Doctoral Programs. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
• Doctor of Nursing Practice DNP Program . UCLA School of Nursing, Academic Programs. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
• Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree in the United States: Reflecting, readjusting, and getting back on track . McCauley, Linda A et al. Nursing Outlook vol. 68,4 (2020). Retrieved March 14, 2024.
• About the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) . Nursing Education Programs, American Association of Colleges of Nursing. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
• Nurse Anesthetists, Nurse Midwives, and Nurse Practitioners . Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. Occupational Outlook Handbook. Retrieved March 14, 2024.

What is a DNP?

The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) is designed to prepare experts in clinical nursing practice or in systems-focused roles outside of direct patient care. It is the pinnacle of practice-focused nursing degrees, building upon previous nursing knowledge with advanced courses in quality improvement, evidence-based practice, and systems leadership. In addition to traditional post-master’s options, BSN-to-DNP programs are also available to provide a terminal degree entry-point into advanced practice nursing. 

Sponsored School(s)

For nurse practitioners and other advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), the DNP aligns with the predominant model in healthcare where advanced practitioners with demonstrated expertise hold doctoral-level degrees. In this sense, it can be compared to the doctor of medicine (MD), doctor of physical therapy (DPT), doctor of psychology (PsyD), and doctor of pharmacy (PharmD), among others.

DNP Nurses: Advanced Practitioners, Clinical Leaders, Change Agents and Much More …

DNP-prepared nurses bring a blend of clinical, leadership, economic, and organizational skills that puts them in a unique position to incisively critique nursing practice and design patient care programs that are economically feasible, locally acceptable, and that significantly impact healthcare outcomes.

Nursing practice for DNP nurses can include both:

• Direct patient care in an APRN role (nurse practitioner, nurse midwife, clinical nurse specialist, nurse anesthetist) and patient population focus (family/individual across the lifespan, adult-gerontology, women’s health/gender specific, neonatal, pediatrics, psychiatric/mental health)
• Aggregate/Systems/Organizational role (public health, healthcare policy, nurse education, executive leadership/ administration, informatics)

This means DNP nurses are prepared to perform nursing interventions that influence healthcare outcomes for individuals or populations by:

• Providing direct patient care
• Managing the care of patients and patient populations
• Administrating in nursing and healthcare organizations
• Developing and implementing health policy

The Value of the DNP

Unlike the PhD, the research-focused doctorate, the DNP is designed for nurses seeking a terminal degree directly related to nursing practice and is chosen by nurses seeking some of the highest level positions in clinical nursing leadership, administration, and management.

Since May 2018, after publishing a white paper entitled  The Doctor of Nursing Practice Degree: Entry to Nurse Practitioner Practice by 2025 , the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) has been the organization carrying the torch in support of the DNP becoming the minimum education requirement for NPs and championing the campaign for universities to migrate MSN programs for APRNs to the DNP level. But this kind of support for the DNP is actually nothing new.

In fact, more than 15 years ago, in 2004, AACN member organizations voted in support of the  Position Statement on the Practice Doctorate in Nursing.  The gist of the AACN’s official statement is that the nation’s changing healthcare environment increasingly requires advanced practice nurses with the highest level of scientific knowledge and practice expertise to ensure optimal outcomes and patient safety as healthcare itself becomes more complex and technical in nature. Amid a growing physician shortage, many also see this as the best and only way to improve access to high-level primary and preventative care comparable to what people get from MDs.

Some of the factors behind AACN and NONPF support of advanced practice nursing education at the doctoral level include:

• The rapid expansion of nursing practice knowledge
• The increased complexity of patient care
• National concerns about quality of care and patient safety
• A shortage of nursing personnel, which demands doctoral-educated leaders who can design and assess care
• A shortage of doctoral-prepared nursing faculty
• Increasing expectations for the preparation of other members of the healthcare team

The Essentials of the DNP: The Components of the Doctor of Nursing Practice

A couple years after the official position statement was released, the AACN and its member institutions came together and formed a set of essential curricular elements and competencies for DNP programs, drawing them all up in a document entitled the Essentials of Doctoral Education for Advanced Nursing Practice , followed by the  DNP Roadmap Task Force Report  outlining recommendations for how institutions can implement that curriculum. These documents remain the primary guidelines for DNP curriculum development and implementation today.

The DNP builds upon the generalist foundation of a bachelor’s or advanced generalist master’s in nursing and establishes a base for advanced nursing practice in an area of specialization. Depending on the program, students may enter a DNP program with a bachelor’s degree (usually a Bachelor of Science in Nursing – BSN) or a master’s degree (usually a Master of Science in Nursing – MSN).

Many institutions design DNP programs in part-time, accelerated, and/or online formats to accommodate working nurses with demanding schedules and professional responsibilities. Online DNP programs provide students with a unique opportunity to complete all or most of the didactic requirements through interactive, web-based study, relieving the burden of having to adhere to a strict academic schedule.

The DNP Curriculum and Foundational Outcome Competencies

The DNP curriculum consists of two components:

• Foundational outcome competencies
• Specialty competencies/content that prepare students for practice and didactic learning experiences for a particular specialty; national specialty organizations delineate competencies, content, and practicum practices for specific roles

Foundational outcome competencies consist of 8 Essentials:

• Human biology, science of therapeutics, psychosocial sciences, and the science of complex organizational structures
• Philosophical, ethical, and historical issues inherent in the development of science
• Essential II: Organizational and Systems Leadership for Quality Improvement and Systems Thinking – Organizational and systems leadership are critical to improving patient and healthcare outcomes and are consistent with nursing and healthcare goals to eliminate health disparities and to promote patient safety and excellence in practice.
• Essential III: Clinical Scholarship and Analytical Methods for Evidence-Based Practice – Clinical scholarship and analytical methods for evidence-based practice ensure a focus on the translation of new science, its application, and its evaluation.
• Essential IV: Information Systems/Technology and Patient Care Technology for the Improvement and Transformation of Healthcare – DNP programs prepare graduates to use information systems/technology to support and improve patient care and healthcare systems and provide leadership within healthcare systems and/or academic settings.
• Essential V: Healthcare Policy for Advocacy in Healthcare – Study in healthcare policy ensures DNP graduates are prepared to design, influence, and implement healthcare policies that frame healthcare financing, practice regulation, quality, access, safety, and efficacy.
• Essential VI: Interprofessional Collaboration for Improving Patient and Population Health Outcomes – DNP programs prepare graduates to function in highly collaborative teams through advanced preparation in the interprofessional dimension of healthcare and effective team leadership.
• Essential VII: Clinical Prevention and Population Health for Improving the Nation’s Health – A DNP program always has a focus on health promotion and disease prevention.
• Essential VIII: Advanced Nursing Practice – DNP programs allow students to refine their assessment skills as they apply to their area of specialization.

Specialty Competencies/Content

The DNP program is, by definition, a specialized program, as DNP graduates assume specific roles in the nursing workforce. While all DNP programs incorporate the DNP Essentials, further preparation falls into one of two categories:

• Nurse practitioner (NP)
• Certified nurse midwife (CNM)
• Certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA)
• Clinical nurse specialist (CNS)
• Organizational and professional leadership
• Health policy
• Nursing/health informatics

DNP Programs with an Advanced Practice Nursing Direct Care Focus

All DNP graduates prepared in an advanced practice nursing role must be prepared to sit for an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) national certification examination. All APRN graduates of a DNP program must also be prepared to sit for national, advanced specialty certification, when available.

DNP graduates prepared in an advanced practice nursing role must be able to demonstrate practice expertise, specialized knowledge, and expanded responsibility and accountability in the care and management of individuals and families.

Because APRNs manage, assess, and evaluate patients, a DNP program must include a separate course for each of the following three content areas:

• Advanced physiology/pathophysiology
• Health/physical assessment
• Advanced pharmacology

DNP Programs with an Aggregate/Systems/Organizational Focus

DNP graduates in informatics, healthcare policy, administrative, population-based specialties focus on aggregates, which include:

• Populations
• Systems (including information systems)
• Organizations
• State and national policies

DNP graduates preparing for advanced specialty practice at the population/organizational/policy level demonstrate competences in:

• Conducting organizational, systems, and/or community assessments to identify aggregate health or system needs
• Working with diverse stakeholders to achieve health-related organizational or public policy goals
• Designing patient-centered care delivery systems or policy-level delivery models

Doctor of Nursing Practice Program Structure

Although it is up to the institution, state board of nursing, and/or accrediting body to dictate the length and/or credit hours of a DNP program, the AACN recommends DNP programs consist of at least 3 calendar years, or 36 months of full-time study (four years on a traditional academic calendar).

The AACN also recommends that institutions design of post-master’s programs on the candidate’s prior experience, education, and choice of specialization; therefore, at least 12 months of full-time, post-master’s study is necessary to earn a DNP.

DNP Practice Experiences

DNP programs provide opportunities for practice experiences aimed at helping students achieve the necessary competencies. According to the AACN, DNP programs should therefore consist of at least 1,000 hours of post-baccalaureate practice as part of a supervised program.

Practice experiences should be designed to provide students with opportunities for feedback and reflection and should include in-depth work with experts in nursing, as well as experts from other disciplines, within practice environments.

End-of-program immersion experiences for DNP programs should provide the context within which the final DNP project is completed.

Final DNP Project

The DNP program is distinguished by the completion of a specific project designed to demonstrate the mastery of an advanced specialty within nursing practice. The final DNP project documents the student’s educational experiences, provides a way to evaluate the immersion experience, and summarizes the student’s growth in knowledge and expertise.

Final DNP projects may include:

• Practice portfolio
• Consulting project
• Pilot study
• Research utilization project
• Quality improvement project
• Program evaluation

Back to Top

• Career Resources
• FAQs About the DNP
• The Role of DNP-Educated Nurses in Advanced Clinical Practice
• Education Resources
• What is a DNP and Who is it Right for?
• Why a DNP? – DNP vs MSN
• Post-Bachelor’s BSN-to-DNP Programs
• Post-Master’s MSN-to-DNP Programs
• Accredited DNP Programs by State
• DNP Final Project Guide
• The Best Value DNP Degree Programs for 2024
• Top Picks for the 50 Best DNP Programs of 2023
• DNP Scholarship
• DNP Track Categories
• Aggregate/Systems/Organizational Focus (Programs for Administrators, Educators, Executives and Informaticists)
• Direct Patient Care Focus (Programs for NPs and Other APRNs)
• Online DNP Tracks with an Aggregate / Systems / Organizational Focus
• The Role of DNP Nurses in Clinical Education
• The Role of DNP Nurses in Developing Health Policy
• The Role of DNP Nurses in Educational Leadership
• The Role of DNP Nurses in Executive Leadership
• The Role of DNP Nurses in Health Informatics
• The Role of DNP Nurses in Public Health
• Online DNP Tracks for Nurse Practitioners
• Adult-Gerontology Nurse Practitioner (Acute and Primary Care)
• Family Nurse Practitioner
• Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
• Pediatric Nurse Practitioner (Acute and Primary Care)
• Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner
• Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner
• Online DNP Tracks for Clinical Nurse Specialists
• Understanding the Difference Between the NP and CNS Roles
• Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (Acute and Primary Care)
• Neonatal Clinical Nurse Specialist
• Pediatric Clinical Nurse Specialist
• Women’s Health Clinical Nurse Specialist
• Online DNP Tracks in Other Direct Patient Care Roles
• Certified Nurse-Midwife
• Nurse-Anesthetist

The Doctor of Nursing Practice: Advancing the Nursing Profession

ANA Position Statement Revised: April 20, 2011

The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) is a practice-focused doctoral degree to prepare nurses for advanced nursing practice roles. The DNP provides expanded knowledge through the formulation and interpretation of evidence-based practice (Chism, 2010). The DNP prepares the graduate for multiple roles including health policy development, leadership, administration, advanced clinical practice, and information technology in an environment of inter-professional collaboration. Educating the next generation of health care providers is a critical step for increasing access to quality health care and improving health care outcomes. While supportive of the DNP, the ANA continues to endorse both master’s and doctoral preparation as entry into APRN practice.

ANA members:  Please log in to access and download the full position statement. 

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DNP vs. MD - Which Degree is Right for You?

In the United States, health care providers are in more demand than ever before. The baby boomers are aging into illnesses that demand more care, and with soaring obesity rates, our clinics are overflowing with chronic health conditions. However, with the increase in the need for health services, the amount of health care providers needs to grow accordingly. Many communities are experiencing shortages that only becoming a clinician can fix. But the question remains- which route should you take? When considering a DNP vs M.D., it’s crucial to realize that the DNP and M.D. degrees are vastly different. An M.D. is a medical doctor, also known as a physician, who has a focus on medicine. A DNP is an advanced practice nurse with a terminal degree in the nursing specialty. When deciding between the DNP or M.D., it is important to understand that their training is entirely different. Both professions are integral to the healthcare field. This article will discuss the educational, practice, salary, and job outlook differences between DNP and M.Ds.

What is a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Degree?

What is a doctor of medicine (m.d.) degree.

○ Maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) ○ Reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) ○ Gynecologic oncology ○ Urogynecology

○ Cardiothoracic ○ Vascular ○ Cosmetic and reconstructive ○ Colorectal ○ Surgical oncology ○ Trauma ○ Transplant ○ Surgical endocrinology

○ Critical care ○ Intensive care

○ Hand Surgeons ○ Shoulder Surgeons ○ Knee Surgeons ○ Hip Surgeons ○ Spine Surgeons ○ Sports Medicine ○ Orthopedic Oncology

1. DNP vs. M.D: Degree Specialization Options

○ NPs are further broken down by the population that they focus on, like neonatal, pediatric, women’s health, mental health, adult gerontological, and family. When they pursue a doctoral degree, nurses choose from a P.h.D. or a DNP.

2. M.D vs. DNP: Curriculum Focus

3. dnp vs. m.d: program length, 4. m.d vs. dnp: program cost, 5. dnp vs. m.d: admission requirements, 6. dnp vs. m.d: job duties.

○ An M.D. can prescribe medications in all 50 states and DC. ○ While a DNP can prescribe medication under their advanced practice registered nurse license, restrictions are depending on the state.

○ An M.D. can practice to the full scope of their license in all 50 states and D.C. ○ DNPs autonomy and scope depend on the practice laws in their state. For example, California and Ohio requires a signed collaborative agreement with a physician in order to practice.

7. In Which Settings Do They Work?

8. work environment and work hours, 9. dnp vs. m.d: salary, 10. dnp vs. m.d: job outlook, the bottom line - which degree is right for you.

Home / Nursing Articles / What Is the Difference Between an MD, DNP, and Ph.D. in Nursing?

What Is the Difference Between an MD, DNP, and Ph.D. in Nursing?

The Role of the MD

Dnp vs. ph.d. in nursing, what is the salary difference between a dnp and ph.d. in nursing.

A DNP (doctor of nursing practice) and Ph.D. in Nursing are vastly different than an MD (doctor of medicine). The former are highly-trained nurses, and the latter is a physician, with all the scope of practice allowances that come with that title.

A "DNP" is an advanced-practice registered nurse who may specialize in the following roles:

• Clinical Nurse Specialist
• Nurse Practitioner
• Nurse-Midwife
• Nurse Anesthetist
• Nurse Executive
• Nurse Informaticist

The DNP nurse has achieved one of the highest degrees awarded in the field of nursing (next to the Ph.D. in Nursing , which is just as prestigious but has more of an academic focus compared to the clinical focus of the DNP). It demonstrates that the nurse exemplifies clinical expertise and knowledge in the field and that the nurse is skilled in identifying healthcare-related issues and can propose evidence-based solutions in the ever-changing world of healthcare.

An MD is a medical doctor, also known as a physician. While it may be evident that a DNP (or Ph.D. in Nursing) is a nurse and an MD is a doctor, the explanation of the differences goes a little deeper than the title. It's important to realize that nurses and doctors are trained differently:

• Nurse Approach – The nurse's approach to healthcare is holistic. Nurses view the patient as a whole – which means they assess the physical, mental, and even spiritual well-being of patients. They also look at, and involve, a patient's support system in relation to disease processes. Patient education and teaching are paramount in that it helps to both heal and prevent disease.
• Physician Approach – The physician's approach to healthcare is disease-based. They are presented with a healthcare disorder and find ways to fix it. They order imaging tests and blood work to diagnose and order a treatment plan. However, in recent years, preventive medicine is becoming a huge part of a physician's job.

RELATED : RN to MD

Both a Ph.D. and DNP are considered terminal degrees for nurses, and both degrees demonstrate that the nurse is a clinical expert in his or her field. However, there are differences between the two.

The main difference is that a DNP is focused more on clinical practice, while a Ph.D. is research-focused. Choosing which degree path to take is based on the career goals of the nurse. MSN -prepared nurses practicing in an advanced role (i.e., nurse practitioner, nurse midwife, CRNA) who wish to expand their knowledge base and achieve a terminal degree to enhance their practice would benefit from choosing the DNP path.

Conversely, those who hope to get into education, research, and leadership would benefit from the Ph.D. path. Nurses with a Ph.D. use evidence-based research to develop policies and procedures and implement workflows that align with standards of care. They are especially involved with improving patient care outcomes based on research findings.

As with the differing roles of the DNP and Ph.D. nurses, the educational curriculum differs as well. DNP students must complete a capstone project that involves identifying an issue in healthcare and proposing evidence-based solutions. While this sounds more aligned with a Ph.D. program, the project should pertain to their specific clinical area. Additionally, the DNP program has an immersive clinical practicum which is required to graduate.

RELATED : Dual DNP/Ph.D. Nursing Programs

The Ph.D. curriculum is more research-based. Students must complete an original research project and complete a dissertation which may also include teaching. The curriculum does not include patient care clinical hours.

Regardless of which path is chosen, both degree options allow for expert nurses and practitioners to make an impact on patient care to improve outcomes.

As the highest degrees in nursing practice, the Doctor of Nursing Practice ( DNP ) and Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing ( Ph.D. ) degrees can catapult advanced practice nurses to the top of the pay range. Some prospective students, however, may wonder how the salaries of these different degree types stack up. The short answer is that the differences in salary between nurses who hold a DNP and those with a Ph.D. are minimal, with an average difference of approximately $4,000 per year. However, things such as location, organization, and job title will ultimately determine a salary for a nurse with either degree type.

A DNP operates at the highest level of clinical practice, and the salary average for a nurse with this degree lands at approximately $100,000 per year . This is variable amongst jobs, as a clinician salary is higher than an educator salary. In other words, individuals who work at universities teaching nursing students average less income than those practicing with patients. For example, a DNP practicing as an Advanced Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner averages closer to $110,000 per year. Most DNP-prepared RNs tend to opt for clinical practice careers. Some job titles a DNP may search for include: Advanced Practitioner, Quality Improvement Manager, Healthcare Informaticist, Clinical Educator, Policy Maker, and more.

Ph.D. Salary

A Ph.D. prepared nurse spends time researching, conducting analysis and performing scientific studies. They also commonly enter academia as professors and educators. According to Payscale, a Ph.D. educated nurse's average salary is $96,000 per year. This makes the salary very competitive in comparison to that of a DNP. Similar to a DNP-prepared nurse, there is variability in salary depending on setting and institution. A nurse researcher can expect to earn a yearly salary of approximately $95,000 per year. Some job titles a Ph.D. may search for include: Nurse Researcher , Nurse Scientist, Policy Maker, Academic Professor, Author.

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DNP vs. Ph.D. in Nursing: What’s the Difference?

• DNP vs. PH.D. Nursing Compared

Duties and Responsibilities

• Education and Certification

Salary and Career Outlook

• Which Is Best?

Are you ready to earn your online nursing degree?

Nurses who have already earned a masters degree and are looking to pursue the next step in their education have two options: doctor of nursing practice (DNP) and doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) in nursing.

Both degrees offer nurses a variety of professional opportunities, allowing them to utilize their expertise to benefit the field of nursing.

This guide outlines the differences in earning a DNP vs. a Ph.D. in nursing, and what opportunities lay ahead for graduates of either program. In understanding the roles and responsibilities of each, nurses can determine which degree is right for them.

DNP and Ph.D. in Nursing Key Similarities and Differences

A DNP and Ph.D. are both terminal degrees, meaning they are the highest degree a nurse can earn. Regardless of their choice of program, interested nurses need a bachelor of science (BSN) degree in nursing, an active and unencumbered registered nurse (RN) license, and clinical experience before gaining admittance to either doctorate program.

While a DNP and Ph.D. are both advanced degrees, they prepare nurses for different roles within the nursing field. DNP programs focus on educating nurses who want to pursue leadership roles in a clinical setting. Ph.D. programs provide nurses with an education to pursue academic or research-based positions.

What is a DNP?

A DNP is an advanced degree for nurses who want to become experts in clinical nursing. The degree is an alternative to research-centric doctoral programs, and provides nurses with skills and training to work at an advanced level in the nursing field.

What is a Ph.D. in Nursing?

Earning a Ph.D. in nursing prepares graduates for work either in academia or research settings. Graduates often pursue faculty positions with academic institutions or in a career that involves performing research in a medical laboratory.

Source: Payscale

Popular DNP Programs

Learn about start dates, transferring credits, availability of financial aid, and more by contacting the universities below.

The roles of a nurse with a DNP vs. a Ph.D. in nursing are fundamentally different. The former focuses on clinical work, whereas the latter is geared more toward research and education.

Their duties revolve around those two major areas. As such, DNPs are more likely to work with patients, while Ph.D graduates focus on educating nurses and analyzing medical practices.

What Can You Do With a DNP?

Nurses with a DNP are considered expert clinicians who are prepared for the highest level of nursing practice.

Upon earning the degree, nurses can choose to focus on leadership and administrative roles (e.g., nurse administrator, public health, healthcare policy, informatics) nursing education (e.g.,clinical nurse specialist, nurse educator), or clinical care (e.g.,certified registered nurse anesthetist, nurse practitioner).

After earning a DNP, nurses’ responsibilities may include:

• Diagnose and treat patients
• Prescribe medications
• Order various diagnostic tests
• Handle patient complains
• Consult on complex cases
• Implement policy changes

Keep in mind that some DNP programs are for roles (clinical nurse specialist, nurse educator) that will not have authorization to perform some of the above responsibilities.

What Can You Do With a Ph.D. in Nursing?

Nurses with a Ph.D. often focus on the areas of education and research. They may design studies and conduct research on clinical practices, nursing education, health systems, and public policy.

People with a Ph.D. in nursing often find employment in academic, business, or governmental settings. Overall, nurses with a Ph.D.can:

• Design, conduct, and publish research
• Develop new nursing knowledge and methods
• Utilize research results to improve nursing outcomes
• Write proposals and apply for grants to fund research
• Mentor and advise students
• Compose curriculum for nursing courses

Education Prerequisites

When looking to earn either a DNP or Ph.D., most programs require applicants to have similar prerequisites. Institutions often look for candidates who have attained an undergraduate degree, are actively able to practice nursing, and can meet certain academic requirements.

How to Earn a DNP

To apply for a DNP degree program, candidates need a BSN or master of science in nursing (MSN) from an accredited institution, a GPA of at least 3.0, and an active nursing license.

Once enrolled, students can choose an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) role such as clinical nurse practitioner (CNP), clinical nurse specialist (CNS), certified nurse-midwife (CNM), or certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA).

CNPs and CNSs then choose a population focus (i.e., neonatal, pediatrics, womens health, psychiatric-mental health). DNP candidates often focus on a research or capstone project throughout their entire program.

The program can last 2-4 years, and full-time students are able to earn their degree faster than their part-time counterparts. Students participate in courses on informatics, health policy, healthcare delivery systems, evidence-based practice, and project management.

Learners must also complete a total of 1,000 clinical hours, 500 of which can stem from a previous masters program that resulted in national certification. Learners with previous hours may become more common as some programs, like CRNA, transition from MSN to DNP-only.

How to Earn a Ph.D. in Nursing

To get accepted to a Ph.D. program, candidates need a BSN or MSN from an accredited program, a 3.0 to 3.5 minimum GPA, and an active nursing license. Applicants must also provide a CV or resume, professional references, and a personal statement.

The length of a Ph.D. program ranges from 4-6 years depending on the status of the student (full-time vs. part-time). The curriculum revolves around theory, analysis, and statistics, with students taking classes in grant writing, research design, and research methods. Since their work takes place within education and research, Ph.D. candidates are not required to complete clinical hours.

Upon program completion, DNP and Ph.D. graduates may benefit from a higher earning potential. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects a steady need over the next decade for nurses with advanced training.

Ultimately, degree type, specialization, and population focus dictate the average annual salary and the type of demand nurses should anticipate.

$107,000 Average Annual DNP Salary

$99,000 Average Annual Ph.D. in Nursing Salary

DNP in Nursing Salary and Career Outlook

While the average salary of nurses with DNPs is approximately $107,000, their chosen specialization impacts their earning potential and demand. DNP-holders working a CRNAs average $164,340 per year, according to July 2022 Payscale data, while those who work in pediatrics earn $92,030 .

Not only do CRNAs earn the highest average salary, but they are also one of the most in-demand specializations; the BLS projects a job growth rate of 45%, significantly higher than the 9% average for all other professions.

Another main factor that influences DNP earning potential is years of experience. Entry-level nurses earn an average annual salary of approximately $87,000 , according to July 2022 Payscale data. Whereas those with more than 20 years of experience can earn upwards of $187,000 depending upon the specialization.

Ph.D. in Nursing Salary and Career Outlook

Much like nurses with a DNP, the salary of one with a Ph.D. varies based on focus. According to the BLS , nurse educators with a Ph.D. can receive upwards of $125,930 annually.

While all nurses with advanced degrees continue to be in demand, Ph.D. graduates who choose to become educators can especially benefit from this need. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing , nursing schools had to turn away over 80,000 qualified applicants in 2019 due to the shortage of educators.

Many states are looking to provide incentives to nurses who choose to become educators, thereby increasing the benefit of selecting this role.

DNP vs. Ph.D. in Nursing: Which Degree is Right For Me?

Deciding which degree works best depends upon a nurse’s personal and professional goals. The degrees lead nurses down two fairly distinct paths – one clinical and one research-oriented.

DNP and Ph.D. graduates are both in high demand and have above-average earning potential. The degrees differ in time commitment and responsibilities.

Nurses who prefer to work in a clinical capacity either directly with patients or in a nursing leadership role should pursue a DNP. Graduates often find themselves in a variety of clinical settings, such as hospitals, specialty practices, or public health offices.

Learners more interested in preparing future nurses or conducting research that aids in the development of new and effective nursing methods should pursue a Ph.D. Nurse Ph.D. graduates often use their expertise in settings such as colleges and universities, research facilities, medical laboratories, and government agencies.

Related Pages

Why Get a Doctorate in Nursing (DNP)?

Graduating with a doctoral degree in nursing can advance careers, increase salaries, and lead to rewarding jobs. Learn why and how to become a DNP.

Online DNP Programs of 2024

Explore the top online DNP programs. Learn about on-campus requirements, accreditation, cost, and program length while choosing your next career step.

Types of Nursing Degrees and Levels

Learn about the types of nursing degrees available and how to launch your career in this field. Explore in-demand job opportunities and earning potential.

Page last reviewed: May 6, 2022

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What does a “Doctor of Nursing Practice” Mean to You?

The facts speak for themselves: nurses are the largest part of the health care workforce [1] and the practice of nursing is one of the most diverse as the profession addresses clinical, leadership, public policy, and public health care needs. Nurses also have a wide range of educational credentials, ranging from associate to doctoral degrees.

With a diverse mix of roles, titles, degrees, and practice settings, it is little wonder that many people – including health care providers – become confused about how the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree fits into the nursing profession along with the health care team.

Why does this range of degrees exist? Why do we need a Doctor of Nursing Practice degree? What makes a nurse with a DNP different than one with a Ph.D. or Master’s Degree? Is a Doctor of Nursing Practice different than a Nurse Practitioner?

Although there are 16 million results on Google for “Doctor of Nursing Practice,” there seems to be more questions than answer

What Is the DNP?

In response to the Institute of Medicine’s 2001 report titled “Crossing the Quality Chasm,” the American Association of College of Nursing (AACN) examined nursing’s critical role in both ensuring the highest quality of health care for patients and the broader community.

Nursing – and nurses – are essential to high-quality health care, coordinating care transitions, and activating patients into advocates for their own health.

As a result, in 2004 the AACN published a position statement supporting the Doctor of Nursing Practice as both the terminal degree for clinical nursing education and the graduate degree for advanced nursing practice preparation.

This new DNP degree, built on the foundation of the previous Nursing Doctorate (ND) degree, is focused on practice competencies rather than the Ph.D.’s in-depth focus on academic research. The degree prepares students to address the critical skills needed to translate evidence-based care into practice, improve systems of care, and measure outcomes of groups of patients and communities. [2]

While the AACN’s DNP Roadmap report outlines that the entry level-degree for advance practice nurses should be the DNP, there are many who disagree about when this change will take place.

Roles vs. Degrees: Who Has a DNP?

In many parts of health care, professional roles are directly connected with the letters after their name. It’s easy to spot: MHA’s are in finance, PharmD’s are in pharmacy, and the DDS works on teeth.

In nursing however, these distinctions are not always so clear.

There are several confusing terms, like NP, APRN, MSN, DNP, which are often incorrectly used interchangeably, but have very different meanings.

Looking for a post-licensure program? Visit our database of Michigan-based nursing programs that offer MSN and DNP degrees. Visit now.

Advance Practice Registered Nurse (APRN)

This is a job title for a nurse with advanced training in a specialized nursing role, who passes the national certifications. These nurses most commonly have a Masters’ of Science in Nursing (MSN) and successfully pass a national examination to use the title APRN. Nurses who have earned a DNP (either with or without a MSN) may also sit for the national examination and become APRNs.

Advanced Practice Registered Nurses may also have additional specializations in their training, and use the following titles: Nurse Practitioner (NP), Certified Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA), and Certified Nurse Midwife(CNM).

Currently, the vast majority of APRNs hold master’s (MSN) degrees. Clinicians with doctorate degrees (DNP) may also be considered APRNs. Some APRNs may have both MSN and DNP degrees, having completed both levels of education.

These two types of nursing degrees provide addition knowledge in nursing science:

Masters of Science in Nursing (MSN)

This is a degree, not a role. As a full-time student, this degree takes two years to complete, however, many nurses will work full time while pursuing graduate work part time.

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)

Just like the MSN, the Doctor of Nursing Practice is a degree, with a clinical or a systems focus, and whose graduates may have a wide range of different responsibilities.

In addition to clinical responsibilities, there are a variety of administrative and leadership roles nurses may fill in education, informatics, public policy, public health, or administration.[3] The DNP prepares students for organization leadership and systems change, and nurses with an DNP would be ideally suited for high-level health system, academic, and policy making roles.

The curriculum for the Doctor of Nursing Practice degree, as outlined in the AACN’s Essentials of Doctoral Education , provides DNP graduates with a wide range of skills that any of these important nursing roles demand.

Where Does the DNP Fit in Today’s Health Care Environment?

In today’s era of reform, with a focus on the “Triple Aim” of reducing costs, better population health, and improved patient experiences, the role nursing plays as part of a high-functioning health care team is more important now than ever before. [4]

Other professions have responded to this need by increasing the amount of academic rigor in the professional degrees in other health care fields. A practice-focused doctorate ensures nursing’s most skilled professionals are prepared with similar academic rigor as other professional doctoral degrees like Doctors of Podiatric Medicine (DPM), Doctors of Dental Medicine and Surgery (DDS), Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD), Doctors of Physical Therapy (DPT) and Occupational Therapy (DOT) , and Doctor of Psychology (PsyD).

In a world of increasing team-based care and collaboration across professions, increasing the numbers of doctorate-trained nurses is essential to ensure patients have access to a highly skilled nurse.

How Does the DNP Fit With Other Nursing Degrees?

The AACN has designated the DNP as the terminal degree in nursing practice. As such the DNP will play an important role in the education, mentorship, and leadership within the nursing profession. In clinical settings, DNP’s serve as advocates, problems solvers, and role models with all other types of professionals.[5]

Greater numbers of nurses holding DNP’s will increase the available number of available nursing faculty to train additional nurses at the bachelor’s level. Doctorate trained nurses will allow colleges to offer higher pay and more opportunities for advancement, allowing academic compensation to more closely align with clinical pay.[6]

As baby-boomer nurses move closer to retirement greater numbers of doctorate trained nurses are essential to ensure enough nursing faculty to meet the IOM’s goal of doubling the number of nurses with doctorates and increasing the number of nurses with bachelor’s degrees by 2020. [7]

Doctor of Nursing Practice Education

Nurses seeking a DNP degree can choose to focus their study on advanced practice nursing or systems and organizational leadership. Those choosing to focus on advanced practice nursing are required to take coursework on health and physical assessments, advanced physiology and pathophysiology and pharmacology. Graduates will also be prepared to sit for national specialty APN certification.

Those in the organizational track focus on systems level thinking and analysis. Health care policy leadership, information technology, and implementing and evaluating programs are essential skills in this organizational focus.

The American Association of Colleges of Nursing published the Essentials of Doctoral Education for Advanced Nursing Practice in 2006, outlining the core competencies for DNP education. The practice focus of the DNP education is highly tailored to developing innovative and evidence-driven nursing experts.[8]

Although the third essential element of DNP education, as outlined by the AACN, is analytical methods for evidence-based practice, the DNP differs from the research, theory, and meta-theory of the Ph.D. Research conducted in Ph.D. doctoral program is aimed at creating new knowledge, through research and writing a dissertation.

Students in DNP programs also conduct research as part of a final DNP project. However, these final DNP projects are designed to help students achieve mastery of an advanced nursing topic, which could include a practice portfolio of outcomes, a pilot study or program evaluation, or an integrated critical literature review.[9]

The other essential aspects of DNP education, as outlined by the AACN, include:

Scientific Underpinnings of Practice

Under this goal, the DNP program aims to integrate nursing science with biophysical, psychosocial, analytical and organizational sciences. Additionally, DNP graduates will be able to use science-based theories to understand the nature of health and health care delivery, and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions.

Organizational and Systems Leadership for Quality and Improvement

One of the key roles for DNP graduates is in nurse-led leadership roles. This competency demands a graduate understand practice management, quality improvement strategies, cost measurements, and risk management strategies.

Clinical Scholarship and Analytical Methods for Evidence-Based Practice

One of the hallmarks of doctoral degrees is advanced research scholarship. While professional doctorates do not require generating new knowledge, the DNP education requires graduates to integrate applied scholarship and evaluate clinical outcomes.

The DNP graduate is required to translate research into practice, evaluate and analyze practice data, improve the reliability of health care practice and outcomes, and participate in research.

Information Systems and Technology for Patient Care

Technology and informatics is an increasingly essential part of the transformation of health care. DNP graduates are distinguished by their abilities to use information systems to support and improve patient care, quality, and system organization.

Health Care Policy and Advocacy

The health of patients and populations is greatly impacted by health care policy decisions by governments and institutions in both formal and informal processes. The DNP graduate is prepared to design, influence, and implement health care policy options, with a focus on cost, efficacy, safety, quality, access, regulation, and equity.

Interprofessional Collaboration

The complex nature of modern health care delivery, patients with multiple co-morbidities, and policy goals of improving outcomes and reduced cost requires interprofessional skills on the part of DNP graduates.

Effective communications and collaborative skills are key competencies of the DNP graduate.

Advanced Nursing Practice

As health care has grown in complexity, so has the specialization of nursing science. DNP programs prepare their graduates for advanced clinical skills to systemically assess illnesses, design and implement interventions based on nursing science, and demonstrate advanced levels of clinical judgment and evidence-based care.

Key Takeaways

The Doctor of Nursing Practice is a degree, not a role

A practice doctorate ensures nursing has equal representation on the care team

The DNP is the terminal degree for nursing practice

The DNP prepares graduates for clinical and leadership roles

As American health care prepares for major reforms, nursing – as well as other professions – will continue to adapt to meet the needs of patients and families. Advance Practice Nursing will continue to be an essential part of patient and population health.

More research and continual work is still needed to determine the very best ways of delivering this care to Michigan families.

[1] IOM Future of Nursing

[2] Duke University School of Nursing

[3] AACN Doctor of Nursing Practice Fact Sheet

[4] IHI Triple AIM

[5] “Towards Clarification of the Doctor of Nursing Practice Degree.” Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal, 2009

[6] AACN Doctor of Nursing Practice Fact Sheet

[7] IOM Future of Nursing

[8] The Essentials of Doctoral Education for Advanced Practice Nursing

[9] The Essentials of Doctoral Education for Advanced Practice Nursing

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Nurse Practitioner vs. Doctor: How the Roles Differ

Is a nurse practitioner the same as a doctor? Both nurse practitioners (NPs) and doctors (MDs or DOs) play crucial roles in providing patient care. While their responsibilities sometimes overlap, there are distinct differences in their education, training, scope of practice, and approach to patient care. This blog explores these differences to help you understand how NPs and doctors complement each other in the healthcare system.

Education and training

Understanding the educational pathways and training requirements for nurse practitioners (NPs) and doctors is essential to grasp the foundational differences in their roles and expertise. The common educational pathways for each role are outlined below:

Nurse Practitioners:

• Educational Path: NPs typically start their careers as registered nurses (RNs) with a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN). They then pursue a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree.
• Clinical Training: NP programs include advanced clinical training in primary or specialty care, which ranges from 500 to 700 clinical hours.
• Certification and Licensure: After completing their graduate program, NPs must pass a national certification exam in their chosen specialty area (e.g., family, pediatric, geriatric) and obtain state licensure.
• Educational Path: Doctors undergo extensive education, starting with a four-year undergraduate degree followed by four years of medical school to earn either a Doctor of Medicine (MD) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree.
• Residency and Fellowship: After medical school, doctors complete a residency program, which can last from three to seven years depending on the specialty. Some may also pursue additional fellowship training for further specialization.
• Board Certification: Doctors must pass a series of exams to become board-certified in their specialty and obtain state licensure to practice.

Scope of practice

The scope of practice for NPs and doctors defines the extent of their responsibilities and the autonomy with which they can provide patient care, highlighting the varying degrees of medical authority and independence. Here are some ways NPs and MDs differ:

• Primary and Specialty Care: NPs can provide a wide range of healthcare services, including diagnosing and treating acute and chronic conditions, prescribing medications , and ordering diagnostic tests.
• Patient-Centered Care: NPs often emphasize a holistic approach, focusing on disease prevention, health education, and counseling.
• Scope of Autonomy: The scope of practice for NPs varies by state. In some states, NPs have full practice authority, meaning they can practice independently. In others, they may require a collaborative agreement with a physician.
• Comprehensive Medical Care: Doctors have a broader and more in-depth scope of practice, allowing them to manage complex medical conditions, perform surgeries, and provide specialized care.
• Medical Decision-Making: Doctors are trained to handle a wider range of medical emergencies and complex diagnostic and treatment plans.
• Independent Practice: Doctors can practice independently across all states, with full authority to make medical decisions without the need for oversight.

Approach to patient care

The approach to patient care differs between NPs and doctors, reflecting their distinct perspectives on healthcare delivery, patient interaction, and treatment methodologies. Below are some of the main differences in their approaches:

• Holistic and Preventative: NPs often adopt a holistic approach to patient care, emphasizing preventative measures, lifestyle changes, and patient education to promote overall health and wellness.
• Patient Relationships: NPs tend to spend more time with patients during consultations, fostering strong patient-provider relationships and personalized care plans.
• Disease-Focused: Doctors often focus on diagnosing and treating diseases, employing advanced medical technologies and interventions to manage health conditions.
• Specialization: Doctors may specialize in specific areas of medicine, allowing them to provide expert care for complex medical issues and perform specialized procedures.

Collaboration between roles

Both nurse practitioners and doctors play integral roles in the healthcare system, often working together to provide comprehensive care. Collaborative practices between NPs and doctors can enhance patient outcomes by combining the strengths of both professions. For instance, in primary care settings, NPs can manage routine and preventative care, while doctors handle more complex cases and procedures. This team-based approach ensures patients receive well-rounded and effective healthcare.

While nurse practitioners and doctors have different educational backgrounds, scopes of practice, and approaches to patient care, both are essential to the healthcare system. NPs bring a holistic, patient-centered focus that complements the disease-focused, specialized care provided by doctors. Understanding these differences can help patients make informed choices about their healthcare providers and appreciate the unique contributions each brings to their care journey.

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What Is a Nurse Practitioner?

A nurse practitioner (NP) is a health care professional who offers a wide range of acute , primary, and specialty care services, either alone or alongside a doctor.

The services a nurse practitioner can provide depend on the state in which they practice. In many states, NPs are licensed to be fully independent practitioners who can prescribe medications and do certain procedures without supervision by a doctor.

As primary care doctors leave the profession faster than they can be replaced, especially in rural areas, nurse practitioners can play a larger role as primary care providers. They’re also vital to care in specialized medicine, which has its own shortages of doctors.

Is a nurse practitioner a doctor?

A nurse practitioner is not a medical doctor, although some NPs may have a doctorate degree.

Licensing can vary state by state, and there can be a lot of overlap in the roles of NPs and doctors, but nurse practitioners focus on preventing diseases and promoting the health and well-being of the whole person .

What Does a Nurse Practitioner Do?

These are just some of the tasks that NPs may perform:

• Provide wellness care, including education on healthy living and disease prevention, and counseling
• Perform physical exams and take medical histories
• Order and interpret/analyze blood tests and other lab tests and X-rays
• Diagnose and treat illnesses and conditions. They can also manage infections and injuries.
• Provide long-term care for chronic diseases
• Prescribe medications and treatments
• Provide referrals for specialist care

Nurse practitioner work environment

NPs may work in hospitals, private doctors' offices, telehealth programs, other health care facilities, and schools.

Nurse practitioners have a wide scope of practice, although they may be allowed to do more things in certain states. In some states, nurse practitioners can set up their own clinic or office and treat patients without a doctor’s supervision. In others, they can diagnose and treat short-term (acute) and long-term (chronic) problems in a doctor’s office and other outpatient settings under a doctor’s supervision. 

There are three levels of nurse practitioner practice:

• Full practice: NPs may have their own offices and can practice independently of doctors.
• Reduced practice: NPs may practice along with another health care professional or with certain limitations.
• Restricted practice: NPs may practice but only under supervision of another health care professional. 

Education and Training

All nurse practitioners must be registered nurses and have completed a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program, followed by a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) in the nursing practitioner track, or Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree. NPs then pass a standardized exam to get certification from the specialty nursing board that oversees their practice area.

Finally, NPs must get a license from their state. The requirements vary and may include renewing a license or completing a certain number of continuing education hours each year.

How to Become a Nurse Practitioner

In order to become a nurse practitioner, you must first be a registered nurse (RN). Many nurses start off their career with an associate's degree and then continue their education. Or you can become an RN along with your BSN. Once you have your BSN, you will need your MSN with the nurse practitioner specialty. However, many master’s programs require that you have a certain number of clinical hours – time you have worked as a nurse – before they will accept you into an MSN program.

How much does a nurse practitioner earn in the United States?

A nurse practitioner salary varies greatly across the country. The states that pay the most have an annual mean wage of $132,000 to $162,000. Those include:

The ones that pay the least, with an annual mean wage ranging from $88,000 to $121,000, are:

• South Carolina
• West Virginia

Types of Nurse Practitioners

Just like there are different types of medical doctors, there are different types of NPs. 

Acute care nurse practitioners (ACNP) 

Acute care nurse practitioners (ACNP) work in hospitals or acute care clinics. They see patients when they are sick, are admitted to the hospital, have injuries, or have surgical procedures . They treat patients from admission to discharge.

They can order diagnostic and laboratory tests to help diagnose diseases . They may do procedures such as intubation , debriding wounds , and putting casts on injuries. They work as part of a health care team to develop a treatment plan and follow-up care.  

Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP)

Nearly 70% of nurse practitioners are primary care nurse practitioners, also known as  family nurse practitioners  (FNP). Much like family doctors, family or general nurse practitioners provide primary care by doing wellness and physical exams, managing treatment plans, and educating patients. 

In order to practice as an FNP, you must pass an FNP certification exam, which covers topics that can affect people from birth to older age.

Adult-gerontology nurse practitioner (AGNP)

Adult-gerontology nurse practitioners, AGNPs, work with people from their teen years to late adulthood. Their expertise in  geriatrics makes them a valuable resource to help aging adults to stay well and manage illnesses. AGNPs can focus on primary care, as do FNPs, or they can work in acute care, which includes the emergency department or intensive care unit, and other similar settings. All AGNPs must pass their specialty’s licensing exam.

Pediatric nurse practitioner (PNP)

A pediatric nurse practitioner, PNP, focuses on children ranging from birth to age 18. They work as general nurse practitioners do, focusing on child health and wellness. They can do physical exams and health screenings. They can also manage or treat non-acute illnesses.

Some PNPs work in acute care settings, like AGNPs. These are PNP-ACs. All PNPs must pass their specialty’s licensing exam, and if they want to be a PNP-AC, there is a separate certification.

Neonatal nurse practitioners (NNP)

Neonatal nurse practitioners , NNPs, are even more specialized than PNPs because they work with high-risk infants who were either  premature or born with a health problem or congenital disorder. NNPs can work in acute care, in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and also in the delivery room and emergency department. NNPs aren’t only in acute settings though. Some NNPs follow patients after they have been discharged from the hospital if needed, and their patients see them until they are 2 years old. All NNPs must pass their specialty’s licensing exam.

Women’s health nurse practitioner (WHNP)

Nurse practitioners can specialize in women’s health if they have the WHNP training. They help women with gynecological care in hospitals, fertility clinics, OB/GYN offices, and private practices. All WHNPs must pass their specialty’s licensing exam.

Psychiatric nurse practitioner (PMHNP)

Psychiatric nurse practitioners, PMHNPs, are mental health professionals. They can diagnose and treat, including with prescription medications, people living with mental illnesses, including substance abuse problems. PMHNPs may work alone or with a psychiatrist (MD). Like other nurse practitioners, they can work in a wide variety of health care settings. All PMHNPs must pass their specialty’s licensing exam.

Other areas where you might find a nurse practitioner

There are many areas in health care where a nurse practitioner can work, so you could come across an oncology nurse practitioner or an orthopedic   nurse practitioner, among others. And NPs don‘t have to stay in one specialty for their whole career. They may choose to go back to school to complete a certification in another specialty. For example, a pediatric nurse practitioner may be interested in working with high-risk infants and can get a neonatal nurse practitioner certification.

Nursing Practitioner vs. Doctor: What Is the Difference?

Medical doctors have a longer and more vigorous training program than nurse practitioners. This allows them to cover a larger scope of practice. NPs don’t have as extensive training, but their education and clinical learning is specialized in the area that interests them, like women’s health or pediatrics. 

Nurse practitioners are a valuable part of the health care team. Many times, nurse practitioners work in collaboration with doctors, so you may see either one when you visit their office. You may also choose to see a nurse practitioner instead of a doctor. These appointments might be easier to schedule and be less expensive.

Nurse practitioners may provide treatment that is focused more on the whole patient, since their training emphasizes improved health and disease prevention rather than just disease treatment.

Nurse practitioners are registered nurses who have at least a master’s degree with a nurse practitioner emphasis and must be certified in each state in which they want to practice. They're an important part of the health care team, providing care to patients in many types of settings and in the community. NPs can specialize in various areas of medicine, including in acute care. In many states, NPs can set up private practices, while in others, they must be supervised by a medical doctor.

Nurse Practitioner FAQs

What's the difference between a nurse and a nurse practitioner?

A nurse is a health care professional who has studied nursing. After graduation, nurses take licensing exams to practice in their state. They're limited to what they can do as outlined by their licensing body. A nurse practitioner is a nurse who has obtained a master’s degree in nursing, specializing in being a nurse practitioner, or a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree. A nurse practitioner must be a nurse, but a nurse isn't necessarily a nurse practitioner.

Is a nurse practitioner the same as a doctor?

No, a medical doctor has many more years of education than a nurse practitioner does and has a much wider scope of practice.

What are the duties of a nurse practitioner?

A nurse practitioner can do many things that doctors can do, including wellness care and education, physical exams, ordering and interpreting lab tests, making diagnoses, and treating many illnesses or conditions.

What's the difference between a nurse practitioner and a physician assistant?

Nursing practitioners and physician assistants, or PAs (now called physician associates), are both part of a health care team. Both NPs and PAs must have at least a master’s degree in their field to practice their profession. NPs started their careers as nurses, but you don't need to have a health background to enter a PA program if you meet the educational requirements. 

Both professions have many of the same tasks and responsibilities, but NPs generally have more ability to specialize than PAs. PAs must also work under a doctor’s supervision and can't have a private practice.

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Current nursing definitions

Photo credit: ©nick danziger, short definition of "nursing" (icn, 2002) .

Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. 

Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles.  

Long definition of "nursing" (ICN, 1987) 

Nursing, as an integral part of the health care system, encompasses the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and care of physically ill, mentally ill, and disabled people of all ages, in all health care and other community settings. Within this broad spectrum of health care, the phenomena of particular concern to nurses are individual, family, and group "responses to actual or potential health problems" (ANA, 1980, P.9). 

These human responses range broadly from health restoring reactions to an individual episode of illness to the development of policy in promoting the long-term health of a population. 

The unique function of nurses in caring for individuals, sick or well, is to assess their responses to their health status and to assist them in the performance of those activities contributing to health or recovery or to dignified death that they would perform unaided if they had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge and to do this in such a way as to help them gain full of partial independence as rapidly as possible (Henderson, 1977, p.4). 

Within the total health care environment, nurses share with other health professionals and those in other sectors of public service the functions of planning, implementation, and evaluation to ensure the adequacy of the health system for promoting health, preventing illness, and caring for ill and disabled people.  

Definition of a "nurse" (ICN, 1987) 

The nurse is a person who has completed a program of basic, generalized nursing education and is authorized by the appropriate regulatory authority to practice nursing in his/her country. Basic nursing education is a formally recognised programme of study providing a broad and sound foundation in the behavioural, life, and nursing sciences for the general practice of nursing, for a leadership role, and for post-basic education for specialty or advanced nursing practice. The nurse is prepared and authorized: 

• To engage in the general scope of nursing practice, including the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and care of physically ill, mentally ill, and disabled people of all ages and in all health care and other community settings 
• To carry out health care teaching 
• To participate fully as a member of the health care team 
• To supervise and train nursing and health care auxiliaries 
• To be involved in research 

• Request Information

Doctor of Nursing Education

As a student of this flexible yet rigorous program, you will take courses in clinical instruction, assessment, and evaluation, as well as instructional design for nursing education. The program culminates in a hands-on final project demonstrating the achievement of doctoral-level outcomes.

Choose between the Academic Nursing Education specialization or the Nursing Professional Development specialization to customize your program to match your career goals. Whether you want to become an expert nurse educator in academia or healthcare, this program will prepare you to plan, implement, and evaluate the best evidence for nursing-specific instruction.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why should i choose the doctor of nursing education program.

The Doctor of Nursing Education (DNE) is a professional nursing doctoral degree aimed at preparing nursing educators with doctoral-level training in teaching skills to prepare future nurses to meet healthcare workforce needs. In this online nursing doctorate, you will translate evidence-based teaching principles into innovative nursing education. The program emphasizes leadership in developing practice models, policies, and ethical principles, and applies translational science methodologies to enhance educational scholarship. You will collaborate with cross-funtional professional teams to implement strategies that promote critical thinking and clinical decision-making and will prepare you to teach in either higher education or healthcare professional development.

How is this nursing doctorate program different from the Doctor of Nursing Practice degree at Ohio State?

The Doctor of Nursing Education (DNE) program is designed to prepare you to be an expert nursing educator dedicated to teaching clinical skills to prepare the next generation of nurses. This online nurse education degree is distinct from the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree which is a professional nursing program that focuses on preparing nurses for the highest level of patient care or healthcare leadership.

Which nurse educator track is right for me?

There are two specialization tracks within the Doctor of Nursing Education program: Academic Nursing Education and Nursing Professional Development, each with track-specific coursework within the core DNE curriculum. The Academic Nursing Education track is developed for nurses with earned master’s degrees who seek to teach in college or university-level academic nursing programs to prepare nurses for clinical practice at all levels. The Nursing Professional Development track is targeted to master’s-level nursing professional development practitioners (NPDs) who seek doctoral preparation to educate nurses in healthcare settings to enhance healthcare outcomes.

Related Content

Post-Master Doctor of Nursing Practice in Clinical Expert

BSN to Doctor of Nursing Practice in Family Nurse Practitioner

Post-Master Doctor of Nursing Practice in Nurse Executive

Academic calendar.

The Doctor of Nursing Education program admits students once-per-year for the Autumn semester. Students may take classes during each Autumn, Spring, and Summer semester once enrolled. This online nursing education degree typically requires five semesters (2 years) of full-time study or eight semesters (3 years) of part-time study to complete.

Autumn 2025

Application Deadline March 1, 2025

Term Start Date August 26, 2025

Autumn 2026

Application Deadline March 1, 2026

Term Start Date August 25, 2026

Admission Criteria

Program Requirements

• Applicants may have a Master of Science in nursing from a nursing education program accredited through the CCNE, ACEN, or CNEA. An applicant’s master’s degree must be from an accredited graduate program. Applicants may apply to the DNE program while their master’s degree is still in-progress but must receive the degree by August 1 prior to beginning enrollment.
• Applicants must have an active, unencumbered license as a registered nurse in the state where they practice. Applicants may apply before receiving their RN license, but must be in possession of a current, unencumbered RN license by August 1.
• If an applicant is also certified as an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN), their national certification must also be active.
• GPAs are reviewed by Ohio State’s Graduate and Professional Admissions Office. Applicants whose GPAs fall below 3.0 may still apply and be considered for admission.
• This minimum experience requirement equates to approximately two years of full-time employment. This experience must have occurred within the past five years. Applicants must answer questions about their work experience in the online application, as well as include information about their employment history on their resume/CV.
• Applicants who may not meet this requirement may still apply and be considered for admission.

The State Authorization Reciprocity Agreement, also known as  SARA , establishes uniform standards for distance education for all participating states and institutions. Ohio State joined SARA in 2015, which means Ohio State can offer most online and on-ground courses and programs in  SARA member states, districts and territories without seeking authorization in each state.

Career Outlook

The Doctor of Nursing Education program will broaden your knowledge base and teaching skills within healthcare education, preparing you to lead nursing education and training in many types of healthcare organizations. If you are looking for a career as a Postsecondary Nursing Instructor, Medical and Health Services Manager, Postsecondary Teacher, Health Education Specialist, or are looking to advance in healthcare education leadership, then this program can prepare you for that next step in your career.

Whether you’re looking to grow in your current career or make a career change altogether, Ohio State’s online programs can help you achieve your goals. Learn what the outlook is for your current or next career move using O*Net’s My Next Move tool.

Courses in the Doctor of Nursing Education program are 100% online with no on-campus requirements. Classes include a synchronous meeting component, meaning there are specific days and times each week when you can attend class and participate with your classmates. Classes are only once-a-week per class, on a weekday, and may be offered during the day ranging in time from 9 a.m. to 8:30 p.m. EST depending on the specific class.

DNE 8780 Evidence–based Practice in Nursing Education and Professional Development

You will learn evidence-based practice (EBP) and how to incorporate EBP in academic nursing education and nursing professional development (NPD). An emphasis on the steps of evidence-based practice will be utilized that is applicable to academic and practice settings. Students will select a topic in academic nursing education or NPD practice and build EBP synthesis tables. 

DNE 8115 Wellness and Resilience in Nursing Education and Professional Development

Includes an overview of the science of behavior change, dimensions of wellness, self-care, MINDSTRONG, MINDBODYSTRONG, resilience, and how you can integrate these concepts with healthcare professionals and organizations as a leader. Incorporates methods to evaluate and create strategies for teaching and leading wellness and resilience in nursing education. 

DNE 8480 Quality Improvement for the DNE-Prepared Nurse

Concepts and principles of nursing scholarship methods and measurement for DNE level nursing practice. This course will assist you in outlining the steps for the Doctor of Nursing Education Capstone project proposal. 

DNE 8781 Evidence-Based Teaching and Interprofessional Education in Nursing

You will learn and apply evidence-based teaching strategies for interprofessional education (IPE) and interprofessional continuing education (IPCE) for all academic and practice settings. 

DNE 8538 Curriculum Design for Nurse Educators

Students learn alignment of the organization and program’s vision, mission, values, and goals to inform, design, and implement a nursing curriculum. Curriculum design includes the incorporation of national standards and clinical considerations in the practice of nursing. 

DNE 8116 Personal and Professional Growth in Nursing Education

You will assess and evaluate leadership situations and persist in using concepts and strategies, such as collaboration, communication, politics, team-building, and emotional intelligence. Includes assessment and consideration of workplace culture and principles of strategic planning.

DNE 8537 Assessment and Evaluation in Nursing Education and Professional Development

Principles and processes involved in the assessment and evaluation of student learning, courses, curricula, program outcomes, and teaching practices. Also includes considerations of assessment and evaluation of registered nurses in the practice setting. 

DNE 8530 Instructional Strategies in Clinical Teaching

The primary focus of this course is the differentiation of best pedagogical practices for effective teaching in clinical settings.

DNE 8441 – Innovation in Nursing Practice and Education

This course will address the trends in healthcare initiatives as they pertain to best educational practices. You will learn how innovation and technology may be utilized to address these initiatives.

DNE 8462 – Publication and Grant Writing in Nursing Education

Provides an opportunity for socialization of students into doctoral work related to scholarly writing. This course will provide practical approaches for integrating and synthesizing theoretical content from previous or concurrent coursework in the area of nursing education or special interest for publication.

DNE 8536 – Principles of Instructional Design for Nurses

Theoretical and practical approaches to creation of learning experiences for nursing and health education with an emphasis on backward design and evidence-based instructional design strategies.

Understanding Online Course Types

As you research the right online program for you, you likely will come across the terms “asynchronous” and “synchronous.” Learn what these terms mean and how they’re important to consider when understanding how a program will fit into your life.

Program Faculty

Tara King PhD, RN

Dr. Tara Spalla King has 20 years of experience in acute care nursing practice and 13 years of experience as a nurse educator, the past seven in an administrative capacity. Most recently she was the Academic Dean at a private Catholic nursing college where she assembled a team to build online programming and mentored nurse educators in online pedagogy. Dr. King is an experienced onsite evaluator for the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education and is a team leader. She is a peer reviewer of online courses for Quality Matters, secretary of the Epsilon Chapter of STTI, and is also a member of the MNRS Communications & Engagement Committee. She is responsible for assessment and evaluation activity for select training grants in the college.

Alice Teall MS, CRNP, FAANP

Wendy Bowles, PhD, RN, APRN-CNP, CNE

Testimonials

Hear why students like you are choosing The Ohio State University!

"There have been days at work when I think to myself, ‘I just learned about that last night’. It’s really exciting when you can actually see that come to be a part of your work day."

"Being able to apply everything I was working on for school immediately to my work was my favorite part of the program."

"I could not have faced so many obstacles without the support, strength and guidance from the faculty and staff. Even when times were tough, they believed in me, so I believed in me."

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ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository

Home > NURSING > Doctor of Nursing Practice Papers > 153

Doctor of Nursing Practice Papers

Evaluation of an educational training on telehelath utilization rates and hospital readmissions in a home health setting..

Gabrielle A. Coomer , University of Louisville Follow

Date on Paper

Document type.

Doctoral Paper

Degree Name

Committee chair.

Galloway, Lynette

Committee Member

Robertson, Sara

Author's Keywords

Homehealth; Telehealth; Evaluation; Hospitalization

Background : Hospital readmissions are on the rise and continue to be a concern within healthcare due to their effects on the quality of care and healthcare costs. Telehealth strategies have been utilized across healthcare settings to improve hospital readmission rates.

Purpose: The purpose of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of a telehealth training program in increasing telehealth utilization rates and reducing the acute care hospitalization rate within a single home health agency.

Intervention: A 30-minute PowerPoint presentation on the definition of telehealth, goals, and benefits of telehealth, patient eligibility, special considerations for clinicians, billing and coding guidelines, documentation requirements, discussion with patients on telehealth usage, role-playing exercises, and a mock telehealth visit was conducted for all field clinicians after the mandatory patient care conference. Following the education session, an eight-month evaluation was completed to compare telehealth enrollment, utilization, and hospital readmission rates before and after the training.

Results: Telehealth enrollment significantly increased over the eight-month evaluation period, indicated by an increase from zero to 39 patients enrolled. The 60-day ACH rate decreased from 25.4% to 14.2% during the evaluation period, reaching statistical significance (p<.001)

Discussion: Implementing telehealth training is an effective way to increase telehealth utilization rates and decrease ACH rates within a home health setting.

Recommended Citation

Coomer, Gabrielle A., "Evaluation of an educational training on telehelath utilization rates and hospital readmissions in a home health setting." (2024). Doctor of Nursing Practice Papers. Paper 153. Retrieved from https://ir.library.louisville.edu/dnp/153

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• Copy URL https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/fact-checking-warnings-from-democrats-about-project-2025-and-donald-trump

Fact-checking warnings from Democrats about Project 2025 and Donald Trump

This fact check originally appeared on PolitiFact .

Project 2025 has a starring role in this week’s Democratic National Convention.

And it was front and center on Night 1.

WATCH: Hauling large copy of Project 2025, Michigan state Sen. McMorrow speaks at 2024 DNC

“This is Project 2025,” Michigan state Sen. Mallory McMorrow, D-Royal Oak, said as she laid a hardbound copy of the 900-page document on the lectern. “Over the next four nights, you are going to hear a lot about what is in this 900-page document. Why? Because this is the Republican blueprint for a second Trump term.”

Vice President Kamala Harris, the Democratic presidential nominee, has warned Americans about “Trump’s Project 2025” agenda — even though former President Donald Trump doesn’t claim the conservative presidential transition document.

“Donald Trump wants to take our country backward,” Harris said July 23 in Milwaukee. “He and his extreme Project 2025 agenda will weaken the middle class. Like, we know we got to take this seriously, and can you believe they put that thing in writing?”

Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz, Harris’ running mate, has joined in on the talking point.

“Don’t believe (Trump) when he’s playing dumb about this Project 2025. He knows exactly what it’ll do,” Walz said Aug. 9 in Glendale, Arizona.

Trump’s campaign has worked to build distance from the project, which the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank, led with contributions from dozens of conservative groups.

Much of the plan calls for extensive executive-branch overhauls and draws on both long-standing conservative principles, such as tax cuts, and more recent culture war issues. It lays out recommendations for disbanding the Commerce and Education departments, eliminating certain climate protections and consolidating more power to the president.

Project 2025 offers a sweeping vision for a Republican-led executive branch, and some of its policies mirror Trump’s 2024 agenda, But Harris and her presidential campaign have at times gone too far in describing what the project calls for and how closely the plans overlap with Trump’s campaign.

PolitiFact researched Harris’ warnings about how the plan would affect reproductive rights, federal entitlement programs and education, just as we did for President Joe Biden’s Project 2025 rhetoric. Here’s what the project does and doesn’t call for, and how it squares with Trump’s positions.

Are Trump and Project 2025 connected?

To distance himself from Project 2025 amid the Democratic attacks, Trump wrote on Truth Social that he “knows nothing” about it and has “no idea” who is in charge of it. (CNN identified at least 140 former advisers from the Trump administration who have been involved.)

The Heritage Foundation sought contributions from more than 100 conservative organizations for its policy vision for the next Republican presidency, which was published in 2023.

Project 2025 is now winding down some of its policy operations, and director Paul Dans, a former Trump administration official, is stepping down, The Washington Post reported July 30. Trump campaign managers Susie Wiles and Chris LaCivita denounced the document.

WATCH: A look at the Project 2025 plan to reshape government and Trump’s links to its authors

However, Project 2025 contributors include a number of high-ranking officials from Trump’s first administration, including former White House adviser Peter Navarro and former Housing and Urban Development Secretary Ben Carson.

A recently released recording of Russell Vought, a Project 2025 author and the former director of Trump’s Office of Management and Budget, showed Vought saying Trump’s “very supportive of what we do.” He said Trump was only distancing himself because Democrats were making a bogeyman out of the document.

Project 2025 wouldn’t ban abortion outright, but would curtail access

The Harris campaign shared a graphic on X that claimed “Trump’s Project 2025 plan for workers” would “go after birth control and ban abortion nationwide.”

The plan doesn’t call to ban abortion nationwide, though its recommendations could curtail some contraceptives and limit abortion access.

What’s known about Trump’s abortion agenda neither lines up with Harris’ description nor Project 2025’s wish list.

Project 2025 says the Department of Health and Human Services Department should “return to being known as the Department of Life by explicitly rejecting the notion that abortion is health care.”

It recommends that the Food and Drug Administration reverse its 2000 approval of mifepristone, the first pill taken in a two-drug regimen for a medication abortion. Medication is the most common form of abortion in the U.S. — accounting for around 63 percent in 2023.

If mifepristone were to remain approved, Project 2025 recommends new rules, such as cutting its use from 10 weeks into pregnancy to seven. It would have to be provided to patients in person — part of the group’s efforts to limit access to the drug by mail. In June, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected a legal challenge to mifepristone’s FDA approval over procedural grounds.

WATCH: Trump’s plans for health care and reproductive rights if he returns to White House The manual also calls for the Justice Department to enforce the 1873 Comstock Act on mifepristone, which bans the mailing of “obscene” materials. Abortion access supporters fear that a strict interpretation of the law could go further to ban mailing the materials used in procedural abortions, such as surgical instruments and equipment.

The plan proposes withholding federal money from states that don’t report to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention how many abortions take place within their borders. The plan also would prohibit abortion providers, such as Planned Parenthood, from receiving Medicaid funds. It also calls for the Department of Health and Human Services to ensure that the training of medical professionals, including doctors and nurses, omits abortion training.

The document says some forms of emergency contraception — particularly Ella, a pill that can be taken within five days of unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy — should be excluded from no-cost coverage. The Affordable Care Act requires most private health insurers to cover recommended preventive services, which involves a range of birth control methods, including emergency contraception.

Trump has recently said states should decide abortion regulations and that he wouldn’t block access to contraceptives. Trump said during his June 27 debate with Biden that he wouldn’t ban mifepristone after the Supreme Court “approved” it. But the court rejected the lawsuit based on standing, not the case’s merits. He has not weighed in on the Comstock Act or said whether he supports it being used to block abortion medication, or other kinds of abortions.

Project 2025 doesn’t call for cutting Social Security, but proposes some changes to Medicare

“When you read (Project 2025),” Harris told a crowd July 23 in Wisconsin, “you will see, Donald Trump intends to cut Social Security and Medicare.”

The Project 2025 document does not call for Social Security cuts. None of its 10 references to Social Security addresses plans for cutting the program.

Harris also misleads about Trump’s Social Security views.

In his earlier campaigns and before he was a politician, Trump said about a half-dozen times that he’s open to major overhauls of Social Security, including cuts and privatization. More recently, in a March 2024 CNBC interview, Trump said of entitlement programs such as Social Security, “There’s a lot you can do in terms of entitlements, in terms of cutting.” However, he quickly walked that statement back, and his CNBC comment stands at odds with essentially everything else Trump has said during the 2024 presidential campaign.

Trump’s campaign website says that not “a single penny” should be cut from Social Security. We rated Harris’ claim that Trump intends to cut Social Security Mostly False.

Project 2025 does propose changes to Medicare, including making Medicare Advantage, the private insurance offering in Medicare, the “default” enrollment option. Unlike Original Medicare, Medicare Advantage plans have provider networks and can also require prior authorization, meaning that the plan can approve or deny certain services. Original Medicare plans don’t have prior authorization requirements.

The manual also calls for repealing health policies enacted under Biden, such as the Inflation Reduction Act. The law enabled Medicare to negotiate with drugmakers for the first time in history, and recently resulted in an agreement with drug companies to lower the prices of 10 expensive prescriptions for Medicare enrollees.

Trump, however, has said repeatedly during the 2024 presidential campaign that he will not cut Medicare.

Project 2025 would eliminate the Education Department, which Trump supports

The Harris campaign said Project 2025 would “eliminate the U.S. Department of Education” — and that’s accurate. Project 2025 says federal education policy “should be limited and, ultimately, the federal Department of Education should be eliminated.” The plan scales back the federal government’s role in education policy and devolves the functions that remain to other agencies.

Aside from eliminating the department, the project also proposes scrapping the Biden administration’s Title IX revision, which prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. It also would let states opt out of federal education programs and calls for passing a federal parents’ bill of rights similar to ones passed in some Republican-led state legislatures.

Republicans, including Trump, have pledged to close the department, which gained its status in 1979 within Democratic President Jimmy Carter’s presidential Cabinet.

In one of his Agenda 47 policy videos, Trump promised to close the department and “to send all education work and needs back to the states.” Eliminating the department would have to go through Congress.

What Project 2025, Trump would do on overtime pay

In the graphic, the Harris campaign says Project 2025 allows “employers to stop paying workers for overtime work.”

The plan doesn’t call for banning overtime wages. It recommends changes to some Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, regulations and to overtime rules. Some changes, if enacted, could result in some people losing overtime protections, experts told us.

The document proposes that the Labor Department maintain an overtime threshold “that does not punish businesses in lower-cost regions (e.g., the southeast United States).” This threshold is the amount of money executive, administrative or professional employees need to make for an employer to exempt them from overtime pay under the Fair Labor Standards Act.

In 2019, the Trump’s administration finalized a rule that expanded overtime pay eligibility to most salaried workers earning less than about $35,568, which it said made about 1.3 million more workers eligible for overtime pay. The Trump-era threshold is high enough to cover most line workers in lower-cost regions, Project 2025 said.

The Biden administration raised that threshold to $43,888 beginning July 1, and that will rise to $58,656 on Jan. 1, 2025. That would grant overtime eligibility to about 4 million workers, the Labor Department said.

It’s unclear how many workers Project 2025’s proposal to return to the Trump-era overtime threshold in some parts of the country would affect, but experts said some would presumably lose the right to overtime wages.

Other overtime proposals in Project 2025’s plan include allowing some workers to choose to accumulate paid time off instead of overtime pay, or to work more hours in one week and fewer in the next, rather than receive overtime.

Trump’s past with overtime pay is complicated. In 2016, the Obama administration said it would raise the overtime to salaried workers earning less than $47,476 a year, about double the exemption level set in 2004 of $23,660 a year.

But when a judge blocked the Obama rule, the Trump administration didn’t challenge the court ruling. Instead it set its own overtime threshold, which raised the amount, but by less than Obama.

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