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NIOS Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Nios solved assignments [tma] 2022 – 23, secondary and senior secondary solved [tma] 2022 – 23, nios solved assignments [tma].

In this page you will get FREE NIOS Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23 in both English Medium and Hindi Medium. Link of Solved Assignments of previous years is also given in this page. You will also get NIOS Solved Question Papers Here.

National Institute of Open Schooling NIOS is a national board of education which is estaiblished to conduct SECONDARY [Class 10] and SENIOR SECONDARY [Class 12] Examination for those students who are not able to attend regular schooling due to any reason.

You will find NIOS Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23 for Various Subjects below

NIOS Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23 [ENGLISH MEDIUM]

For secondary class 10.

Hindi 201 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

English 202 NIOS Free Solved Assignment [TMA] 2022-23

Mathematics 211 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Science and Technology 212 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Social Science 213 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Economics 214 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

BUSINESS STUDIES 215 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

home -science-216-free-solved-assignment-2023/”> Home Science 216 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Psychology 222 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Indian Culture and Heritage 223 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Accountancy 224 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Painting 225 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Data Entry Operations 229 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Entrepreneurship 249 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

SENIOR SECONDARY Class 12

Hindi 301 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

English 302 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Biology 314 NIOS NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

History 315 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Geography 316 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Political Science 321 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Economics 318 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Business Studies 319 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Accountancy 320 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Home Science 321 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Pshychology 318 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Computer Science 330 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Sociology 331 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Painting 332 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Environmental Science 333 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Mass Communication 335 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Data Entry Operations 336 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Tourism 337 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Introduction to Law 338 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

Physical Education and Yoga 373 NIOS Free Solved Assignments [TMA] 2022-23

NIOS SOLVED ASSIGNMENTS FOR 2021 – 2022 (Hindi Medium)

Secondary class 10.

हिंदी (201)| Hindi 201 NIOS Free Solved Assignment (2021 – 22)

गणित (211) | Mathematics 211 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी (212) | Science and Technology 212 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

सामाजिक विज्ञान  (213) | Social Science 213 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

अर्थशास्त्र (214) | Economics 214 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

व्यवसाय अध्ययन (215) | BUSINESS STUDIES 215 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

गृह विज्ञान (216)| Home Science 216 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

मनोविज्ञान  (222)| Psychology 222 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

भारतीय संस्कृति और विरासत (223)| Indian Culture and Heritage 223 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

लेखांकन (224)| Accountancy 224 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

चित्रकला (225) | Painting 225 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

डाटा एंट्री ऑपरेशन (229) | Data Entry Operations 229 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

उद्यमशीलता (249) | Entrepreneurship 249 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

हिंदी (301)| Hindi 301 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

जीव विज्ञान (314) | Biology 314 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

इतिहास (315)| History 315 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

भूगोल (316) | Geography 316 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

राजनीति विज्ञान (317)| Political Science 321 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

अर्थशास्त्र (318)| Economics 318 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

व्यवसायिक अध्ययन (319) | Business Studies 319 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

लेखांकन (320) | Accountancy 320 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

गृह विज्ञान (321)| Home Science 321 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

मनोविज्ञान (328)| Pshychology 318 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

कंप्यूटर विज्ञान (330) | Computer Science 330 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

समाजशास्त्र  (331)| Sociology 331 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

चित्रकला  (332) | Painting 332 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

पर्यावरण विज्ञान (333) | Environmental Science 333 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

जनसंचार (335) | Mass Communication 335 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

डाटा एंट्री ऑपरेशन (336) | Data Entry Operations 336 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

पर्यटन  (337)| Tourism 337 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

कानून: एक परिचय  (338) | Introduction to Law 338 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

शारीरिक शिक्षा और योग (373)| Physical Education and Yoga 373 NIOS Free Solved Assignment 2021 – 22 (Hindi Medium)

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NIOS Class 12th English Solved Question Paper

English (302), solved question paper-i , (theory exam), time : 3 hours , marks : 100.

1. Read the following extracts carefully and answer the questions that follow: (a) Right from the beginning, I wanted to become a batsman and I hated fosing my wicket. This became such an obsession with me that, if the rest of the boys ever got me out, I would fight and eventually wall home with the bat and the ball. This would bring the game to an abrupt and since nobody else had a ball or bat. The boys cursed and called me names, but the tension did not last long and we generally got on very well.

• A state in which a person’s mind is completely filled with the thoughts of one particular thing only 
• Sudden and unexpected, often unpleasant. 

(i) What kind of life did the writer’s grandfather lead when he was a small boy? 

(ii) Mention only two of the childhood memories that the writer’s grandfather often shared with him.

(iii) Quote exact words which tell that studies were not the main focus in the writer’s grandfather’s days.

(iv) Which words in the extract are similar in 1 meaning to the following expressions?

• A piece of land in which fruit trees are grown.

Ans- (i) The writer’s grandfather had lead a carefree and beautiful life in his childhood days.

(ii) The writer’s grandfather plucked mangoes and guavas from the orchard. He ejoyed picnic on the banks of river with mouth watering food.

(iii) The exact words which tell that studies were not the main are ancillary subjects and living and experiecing, the major subject.

(iv) Words similar in meaning to the expressions:

(b) In the west, surveys have consistently shown that the public prefers wind and other renewable energy forms over conventional sources of generation. Wind energy is free, renewable resource, so no matter how much is used today, there will still be the same supply in the future. Wind energy is also a source of clean, nonpolluting electricity. Unlike conventional power plants, wind plants emit no air pollutants or greenhouse gases.

(i) What are the reports of the surveys conducted in the West?

(ii) What are the advantages of using wind energy?

(iii) What are the advantages of wind plants over conventional power plants?

(iv) Which words in the extract are similar in meaning to the following expressions?

• Happening in the same way and continuing for A period of time.

Ans- (i) The west surveys have reported that the public had preferred wind and other renewable energy forms instead of conventional sources of energy generation.

(ii) Wind energy, being renewable resource can be used for longer time with constant use.

(iii) Wind is a source of energy producing. Plants which are clean, emit no air pollutants or greenhouse gases unlike conventional power plants.

(iv) Words express similar expression—–

• Renewable 
• Consistantly

He puts down the phone and goes to the divan on the right, where there is a travelling bag, and starts packing. Whilst he is thus engaged, another man, similar in build to Gerrard enters from the right silently-revolver in hand. He is flashily dressed in an overcoat and a soft hat. He bumps accidently against the table, and at the sound Gerrard turns quickly.

  (i) Who is the person referred to as ‘he’ and what is he doing?

(ii) What happens while this person is thus  engaged in packing his bag?

(iii) What does the above extract tell you about the another man? Write only two points

• Busy doing something 
• To hit something by accident.

Ans- (i) The word ‘he’ is referred to Gerrard, was  engaged in packing his travelling bag.

(ii) An intruder, similar in build to Gerrard enters his house silently taking a revolver in his hand.

(iii) The another man, is an intruder similar in build to Gerrard. He frightens Gerrard taking a revolver in his hand.

(iv) Words similar in meaning to the expressions.

Engaged.                  

2. Answer any three of the following questions in about 30-40 words each :

  (a) Why did the doctor turn Evans out of his car?

(A Case of Suspicion)

(b) What did the pandits advise the writer’s mother to do? Mention two things.

(My Son will not a Beggar be)

  (c) What does Aradhana’s mother ask her to do to prove her love for her parents?

(I must know the Truth)

(d) At what age did Bholi have an attack of smallpox? What was its effect on her looks?

  (Bholi)

Ans- (a) Evan’s behaviour turned the opinion of the doctor. First Evan took out another cigarette without consent of the doctor. Secondly, he  suspected a thief as he had stolen doctor’s watch, so he lost doctor’s sympathy and the doctor turned him out of his car.

(b) The Pandit advised writer’s mother to do penance for her sins. Pandit also advised writer to do some sternous physical exercises in order to regain his eyes sight.

(c) Aradhana’s mother offerred her a garland which was a sign of extreme love for her parents. Aradhana’s mother then asked her to go on the stage to dance and prove her love towards parents.

(d) Bholi was attacked by smallpox when she was two years old. Her face was full of pox marks and she looked ugly. This had greatly added to her discomfort life.

3. Answer the following in about 60 words: Give three reasons, why Tembu was not afraid Of anything.

(The Tiger in the Tunnel)

Ans- Tembu was not afraid of anything because, the tiger had already been killed. The forest God was pleased with him. He had his father’s axe which he knew how to use. These were the reasons Tembu was fearless.

Describe, in about five sentences, Nehru’s vision of future India.

(India-Her Past and Future)

Ans- Nehru ji wished to see a Modern India. Nehru ji wanted that Indians should march ahead unitedly.

Nehru ji wanted that India should become self sufficient. She should progress scientifically and technically. India should fulfill her five year plans. The masses should stop fighting on petly issues of community.

Every person should get full opportunity to grow according to his obility. 

4. Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow:

(a) Why is the air in grandmother’s house described as frozen? 

(b) What does the expression, an armful of darkness’ mean? 

(c) Exeplain the following:

“……… to lie behind my bedroom door like a brooding dog’

Ans- (a) The ‘frozen air’ expresses a view of complete emptiness and silence without any kind of sound.

(b) An armfull of darkness’ means complete aloofness.

(c) The darkness of thoughts prevailed behind the bedroom door like a dog drowned in deep thoughts.

• Showing a lot of love for somebody, often ignoring their faults 
• To show your approval by clapping your hands 

Ans- (a) The writer’s mother had suffered a lot after she had married a 9 years older man. She had to take up the burden of entire family and afforded well all family living. She made herself occupied and brought up her four children.

• (d) Doting.

7. Read the passage given below and complete the statements that follow: Ancient people worshipped all elements of nature, such as the sun, moon, rain, wind, rivers, trees, animals, etc. The composers of the Vedas lived on the banks of a river, which came to be called Saraswati. They worshipped the Goddess, who was the presiding deity of the river. Even today, on Basant Panchami Day, the Goddess is worshipped with great devotion. People worship the diety by offering flowers. The season of spring symbolizes hope and happiness as it comes after the harsh and bleak winter. Since the day heralds the auspicious season of spring, people wear yellow clothes. There is festivity in the air with trees blossoming into a riot of colours. Nature is at its best in the spring season. (a) Ancient people worshipped (i) ——— such as (ii) ——– animals, etc. 1 (b) The composers of the Vedas (i) ——– which (ii) ——— Saraswati. 1 (c) The season of spring symbolizes (i) —— as it comes (ii) ——– winter. 1 (d) There is festivity (i) ——- with trees (ii) ——— colours.  1 Ans- (a) Ancient people worshipped all elements of nature, such as the sun, moon, rain, wind, rivers, trees animals etc. (b) The composers of the vedas lived on the bank of a river , which came to be called saraswati. (c) The season of spring symbolizes hope and happiness as it comes after the harsh and bleak winter.  (d) there is fectivily in the air with the trees blossoming into riot of colours. 8. Read the passage given below and make a summary in about 100 words: 5 The Civil Disobedience Movement was actually started on 12th March, 1930. It was on this day that Gandhiji and 78 ashram members, including Sarojini Naidu, left Sabarmati in Ahmedabad for Dandi, a village on the Gujrat coast to break the salt laws. This march is popularly known as the ‘Dandi March’. The members of the march reached the seaside on 6th April. Gandhiji broke the salt laws that day by making some salt from seawater. It was an illegal action. The making of salt was a monopoly of the government. Breaking the salt laws Gandhiji said: “Our cause is strong, our means the purest, and God is with us. There is no defeat for Satyagrahis till they give up the truth.” The breaking of salt laws by Gandhiji was followed by similar actions in different parts of India where salt was being made. Many marches were organized in different parts of the country. All this changed the political atmosphere in India and the government got frightened. Ans- The passage is about Gandhiji’s disobedience movement which was conducted on 12th March 1930. Gandhiji with his seventy eight asharam members left Ahmedabad for Dandi village on the Gujarat coast. The aim of march was to break the salt laws. The salt laws was broken on 6th April and achieved success by overcoming the monopoly of the Government. He said that he had done a noble and meaningful work for the people of the nation. The Satyagrahis are always winner unless they give up the truth. God is always with them. The marches and breaking of salt laws was organised in different parts of India. The political atomosphere in India was changed and the Government was frightened.  9. Fill in the blanks in the following sentence with appropriate passive form of the verbs given in brackets:  5 Sid (a) ———- (shift) from Mumbai to Delhi to stay in his grandparents’ house where he (b) ——— (love) and (c) ———- (pamper) by everyone.  Ans- Sid was shifted from Mumbai to Delhi to stay in his grandparents house where he was loved and pampered by everyone. 10. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with appropriate form of the verbs given in brackets : 4 The greatest injury British rule (a) ——— (do) to Indians (b) ——– (be) to deprive them of their inherent right to be themselves. They (c) —(ii) He was just twenty-two. t they (d) ——— (remain) to be absorbed.  Ans- The greatest injury British Rule had done to Indians was to deprive them of their inherent to be themselves. They had come to conquer buy they remained to be absorbed.  11. Combine the following pairs of sentences using The connectors given against each pair:  4 (a) (i) The building was destroyed by the earthquake. (ii) The whole family was saved. (but) (b) (i) Abraham Lincoln left home to see other parts of the country. (ii) He was just twenty-two. (when) (c) (i) The president had pardoned a soldier named William Scott. (ii) The newspapers reported within a couple of Days. (that) (d) (i) The salve had to fight with a huge lion. (ii) The lion was kept in a cage. (which) Ans- (a) The building was destroyed by the earthquake but the whole family was saved. (b) Abraham Lincoln left home to see other parts of the country, when he was just twenty-two. (c) The newspapers reported within a couple of days that the president had pardoned a soldier named William Scott. (d) The salve had to fight with a huge lion which was kept in a cage. 12. Report the following converstion in indirect Speech : 4 Mr. Bickwick : I have almost made up my mind To engage you myself. Sam: Have you? Mr. Bickwick: Yes, of course. Sam: Wages? Mr. Bickwick : Twelve pounds a year. Sam: What abour clothes? Mr. Bickwick: Two suits a year. Sam: Work? Mr. Bickwick: To attend upon me and travel about with me. Ans- Mr. Bickwichk told that he had made up his mind to engage him with himself. Sam asked if he had to. Mr. Bickwick replied, “Yes” he would. Sam asked about his wages. Mr. Bickwick replied that twelve pounds a year. Sam asked what about clothes. Mr. Bickwick replied that two suits a year. Sam inquired about the work he had to do. Mr. Bickwick replied that he had to attend upon Him and travel about with him.  13. Write a paragraph of about 100 words on any one of the following topics:  5 (a) Why I want to be teacher/a cricketer /an actor (b) Listening to music is my favourite pastime (c) My sister is my best friend. Ans- (a) A teacher is a role model. He has been under stood to be an ideal person of the society. A teacher bears high moral and good character. A teacher educates the young ones so he plays a vital role in building up their career and he extends a great contribution in building up a good nation. A teacher commands a universal repect, so he has a unique image and greater recognition in the society. So I prefer a profession of teacher, which is according to my taste. Cricket is the most popular game in India and many other countries of the world. I am very fond of playing cricket. I feel pride and get excited when I see the team India playing cricket against any other country. I am highly influenced by seeing the batting of Virat Kohali as well Shikhar Dhawan. They are cricket stars who have achieved tremendous records in their names. They have earned lots of fame and affluence through cricket. They are the heroes of the nation. So I aspire to be a famous cricketer. Acting is an art and comes out of the heart of an actor. One has to do a very hard to learn acting. Acting is also a natural gift to some one and they are call born actors. An actor is loved and honoured by all. Amitabh Bachhan is a famous actor who is recognised as a king of acting. His remarkable performances in many movies had left a deep impression upon the people. He has earned lots of fame and reconition in the field of cine world. So acting is my favorits and liked profession. I feel the acting is the most ideal task which I would prefer my life. Hence, I desire to be an excellent actor.  (b) Of course, music is my best time pass. I like to listen to music whenever I am exhausted by my studies and other toil. A melodious music touches the heart and it helps refresh the mind. Music not only entertains but also is a best means of recreation to keep us happy. I mostly like the songs of old movies which are sung by music. The melodius music recovers one from heavy fatigue as well as mental tiredness. Pop music is not according to my taste, so I prefer to listen to Gazzals and classical music. So music is my best time pass and playing guitar is my hobby.  (c) My sister is 3 years older to me. She is a student of B.Sc. honours. She is an ideal girl. She bears high moral, good character and best attitude. She is very bold and always has positive thought. She is good in her studies and makes best use of time as she performs all works according to time plan. She is my ideal. She always encourages me to work hard and achieve good results. I follow her guidance and always try to act upon her guidance. She is a girl of good nature and modest behaviour. As she is loved and cared well by my parents, I too love and respect her. She is my best companion and friend.  14. Write a letter to the the Editor of a newspaper encouraging the youth to donate blood and save valuable human life. Your letter should motivate the youth to donate blood.  Ans- Vineet/Riya (any name) Adarsh Public School (name of any school) Delhi 29th November, 2021 The Editor Times of India New Delhi Sir,  Through the colums of your daily, I desire to highlight the facts that a toll of human lives are on increase due to lack of blood it the hospitals. There are the victims who have been severely injured in various kinds of accidents and are removed to hospitals for immediate treatment. They lose their lives in requirement of blood often not available in the hospitals. The blood donation camps are to be organised and the students may be encouraged to come forward to donate their blood. It is a noble cause in the direction to save valuable lives of human kind. 15. The following passage has seven mistakes of spellings and other grammatical inaccuracies. Spot the errors and provide corrections in your answer-book. One has been done as an example: 6 We reach the top of the hill, droped our backpacks and stretched out on the soft grass that cover the cold earth. The air was fill with the fragrence of hundred of wild flowers.

(E.S.P. FOR OFFICE USE)

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English 202 Solved Assignment 2021 - 22 | NIOS Secondary Solved Assignment (2021 - 22)

Nios solved assignments ( 2021-22) english 202 solved assignment 2021 - 22 tutor marked assignment max: marks 20.

(i) All questions are compulsory. The Marks allotted for each question are given beside the questions.

(ii) Write your name, enrollment numbers, AI name and subject on the first page of the answer sheet.

1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words. 2

(a) What was the squirrel doing and why did Lord Rama take the squirrel into his hands?

Ans: Squirrel was going up and down the seashore with little pebbles in his mouth. The little squirrel could carry only little pebbles at a time in his small mouth. He carried the pebbles from the seashore and dropped them into the sea.

The monkeys were angry and one of them picked up the squirrel by his tail and threw him far away.

The squirrel, crying out the name of Rama, fell into his hands.

The Rama held the squirrel close to him. He said to the monkeys, “Do not make fun of the weak and the small. Your strength or what you do is not important. What matters is your love? This little squirrel has love in his heart.”

(b) Mention the role of school children to reduce noise pollution. (See lesson 10)

Ans: Answer any one questions

2. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words. 2 (a) The little girl was left alone in the house with Alice the cook. That was alright in the day time, but while Alice was putting her to bed she grew suddenly afraid.

• Why was the little girl left all alone at home?

• What was the mental state of the girl at that time?  

Ans: One day Kezia’s mother became ill, and she and grandmother went to hospital. The little girl was left alone in the house with Alice the cook. That was all right in the daytime, but while Alice was putting her to bed she grew suddenly afraid.

The mental state of the girl at that time was - What’ll I do if I have a nightmare?” she asked. “I often have nightmares and then Grannie takes me into her bed- I can’t stay in the dark - It all gets ‘whispery’….”

(b) Feel at home! Come again

they say, and when I come

again and feel

at home, once, twice,

there will be no thricefor

then I find doors shut on me.

• Who says “Feel at home” and to whom?

• What was the reaction of speaker when the poet visited again? (See lesson 25)

3. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words. 2 (a) What was the financial condition of the Cattle – owning farmers and how was it improved by Dr. Kurien?

Ans: The people of Gujarat were mostly farmers. They reared cattle but remained poor. Despite their hard work, they always remained in want.

Dr. Verghese Kurien developed the Amul Dairy Unit into the largest co-operative dairy in India. As a result of Dr. Kurien’s relentless efforts, the poor milk producers were protected from being exploited. The farmers came to appreciate the spirit of co-operation in addition to acquiring marketing skills. He introduced various reforms in the administration of Amul Dairy. He proposed to distribute half of its profits to the milk producers as dividend. Dr. Kurien’s reforms improved the rural economy considerably. This proves the saying, “The woman who owns a buffalo celebrates Diwali every day.”

(b) Why did the squirrel go into the sea again and again? How did it justify its action? (See lesson 2)

4. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-150 words. 4 (a) Floods are devastative and destructive. Many houses get tumble down in flood water. People face many troubles and are devoid of food and shelter. Give details of what you know about it & discuss the measures that should be taken during floods. (See lesson 24)

(b) Read the following information about APJ Abdul Kalam and write 150 – 200 words about him. (see lesson 15)

Born – 15 October 1931 in Tamil Nadu.

Died - 27 July 2015 (aged – 83) in Meghalaya

Nationality – India

Alma Mater – St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli, Madras Institute of Technology.

Profession – Aerospace Scientist, Author

Notable Works – Wings of fire, India 2020, Ignited Minds, Indomitable Spirit,

Career – Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)

Political Career – 11th President of India in 2002.

Ans: A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, in full Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul kalam, (born October 15, 1931, Rameswaram, India died July 27, 2015, Shillong), Indian scientist and politician who played a leading role in the development of India’s missile and nuclear weapons programs. He was president of India from 2002 to 2007. Kalam earned a degree in aeronautical engineering from the Madras Institute of Technology and in 1958 joined the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO).

He soon moved to the Indian Space Research organization, where he was project director of the SLV-III, India’s first indigenously designed and produced satellite launch vehicle. Rejoining DRDO in 1982, Kalam planned the program that produced a number of successful missiles, which helped earned him the nickname “ Missile Man,” From 1992 to 1997 Kalam was scientific adviser (1999-2001) to the government with the rank of cabinet minister. His prominent role in the country’s 1998 nuclear weapons tests established Kalam as a national hero, although the tests caused great concern in the international community.

In 1998 Kalam put forward a countrywide plan called Technology Vision 2020, which he described as a road map for transforming India from a less-developed to a developed society in 20 years. The plan called for, among other measures, increasing agricultural productivity, emphasizing technology as a vehicle for economic growth, and widening access to health care and education.   

APJ Abdul Kalam has a THIRD VISION. India must stand up to the world. Because he believes that unless India stands up to the world, no one will respect us. Only strength respects strength. We must be strong not only as a military power but also as an economic power. Both must go hand-in-hand. His good fortune was to have worked with three great minds. Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, of the Dept. of Space, Professor Satish Dhawan, who succeeded him and Dr. Brahm Prakash, father of nuclear material. He was lucky to have worked with all three of them closely and consider this the great opportunity of his life.

Kalam was in Hyderabad giving this lecture, when a 14 year-old girl asked him for his autograph. He asked her what her goal in life is. She replied that she want to live in a developed India. For her and you, he would have to build developed India. You must proclaim India is not an under-developed nation; it is a highly developed nation.

5. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-150 words. 4

(a) You must have seen that Indian farmers commit suicide and live their lives under poverty line. They are doomed to live a life of obscurity. Make a list of problems and causes of those problems faced by the farmers. Discuss ways to eliminate their problems and what role should government play to support farmers. (See lesson 24)

(b) “There is enough in the nature for human need but not for human greed”. Discuss the statement taking ideas from the lesson “The Village Pharmacy “. Also discuss the importance of trees and the natural resources that we are blessed with to support our life. (See lesson 21)

Ans: The journey started after the creation of human being in this world. As man got matured he kept on inventing new things to get a better life and for a good living. His wants were not restricted, desires were boundary less and his doggedness of finding reason for everything made him an undefined creature. And that’s how an environment has been created in which we are living now. If we see this in a broader perspective, all this happened because of greed. It’s the man’s greed, which made him the richest man in the world, at the same time it’s his greed, which made the society unbalanced and unequal.  He is not bothered about the limitations of one’s actions and breaching the rules of nature for self-fulfillment. His desire of becoming bigger than others has changed the destiny of mankind.

Plant/trees play a very important role in our life. They fulfil our food, fodder fuel, timber, fibre and medicinal needs. Plants/trees are helpful in mitigation of environmental pollution. They are the source of oxygen and sink of carbon dioxide Trees such as Tamarind (Tamarindus indicus) Ashok (Polyalthialongifolia) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) are very useful in control of noise pollution. Plants/trees are also helpful in restoration of degraded lands. Furthermore, plants are useful in removal of heavy metals from the contaminated sites. Trees are helpful in the maintenance of ground water level.

6. Prepare any one project out of the given below: 6

(a) We hear and read about female foeticide in remote areas of our country which is an evil practice. In some areas, females are tortured for giving birth to a girl child. Take up a project and find out the causes behind this evil practice and the measures to uproot this wrongful practice from our society.

Ans: Female foeticide in remote areas of India

An estimated 50 million girls and women alive today have been subjected to female foeticide, female infanticide, or gendercide.

The practice of aborting female fetuses is largely considered a violation of the basic human rights of women and girls. It is a form of violence that has affected many communities in India and around the world. Female foeticide occurs when couples selectively abort females for two major reasons: to make sure sons are born; and because sex selection was believed to be more likely due to male children being seen as more valuable than daughters in Indian society. The practice continues despite a ban on sex-selective abortion, which was enacted by India's Supreme Court in 1994.

Reasons for female foeticide in remote areas of India

It’s not easy to pinpoint the causes of female foeticide, but there are a few factors that contribute to the issue such as:

1) Lack of awareness about reproductive rights and responsibilities

2) Cultural norms that discourage women from pursuing higher education and careers

3) Lack of education and opportunities for women in India

Measure to solve the problem of female foeticide in remote areas of India

Female foeticides are an issue that is prevalent in India, with the number of girls born decreasing every year. This is largely due to the preference for boys over girls. The government has taken steps to prevent this but many people still feel there isn't enough being done. There are many solutions to female foeticide, but here are some of the most common ones:

- Educate parents on gender differences and encourage them not to have so much anxiety about daughters

- Focus on female education and empowerment, giving girls opportunities for success

- Promote awareness about female genital mutilation and educate people on why it's not good for the health

What Should Government Do to Ease the Problems with Female Foetic ?

Government should take coordinated, comprehensive steps to address the problems faced by female foeticide. This will make government more inclusive and reduce instances of discrimination.

A recent survey revealed that one-fourth of women in their twenties do not feel safe walking outside alone at night. They are very much afraid of being harassed or raped on the streets. The survey also revealed that about half of these women feel unsafe online as well. This makes it difficult for them to pursue their career goals and be productive members of society.

The government should take measures to protect these young women and create a safe environment for them so they can develop skills, explore career options, and thrive in life without fear of harassment or assault.

Beti bachao beti padhao Initiative

Beti bachao beti padhao is an initiative that aims to reduce female foeticide in remote areas of India. It focuses on empowering the girl child by educating her and helping her get an education.

Beti bachao beti padhao has not only seen success in the number of girls who are born, but also in the number of girls enrolled in school. The program has saved 4 million girls from being abandoned or killed since 2005, according to a 2016 UN report.

The Beti Bachao Beti Padhao program is one of the most successful initiatives tackling female foeticide or killing baby girls through abandonment, infanticide, and abortion.

(b) You all must have seen the young children as rag pickers in your society, this is the age when they should get education and develop themselves physically, mentally and intellectually so that they can also prove themselves as instruments of development for the nation. Prepare a project on these children, covering their lifestyles, family backgrounds and the role of government. The project should include some government schemes and child development programmes which lead to creating awareness about good health and education.

Ans: Answer any one project

Posted by Kumar Nirmal Prasad

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