descriptive essay on northern areas of pakistan

Travel & Tourism

The enchanting northern areas of pakistan.

The Allure of the Northern Areas

Unveiling the treasures: top destinations.

Serene Skardu

Gilgit: The Jewel of the Northern Areas

Captivating Fairy Meadows

Experiencing adventure in the northern areas, thrilling water sports and activities, embracing culture and hospitality, savory delights: northern cuisine.

Responsible Tourism and Conservation

The Vibrant Bazaars of Pakistan: Shopping Extravaganza

Experiencing Pakistani Street Food: Must-Try Delights

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Northern Areas of Pakistan: Nature’s Haven in the Himalayas

by Wego Travel

This article has been reviewed by  Wego ’s editorial team to ensure that the content is  up to date & accurate.

Updated August 2023

With a culture and history as rich and diverse as its landscapes, the Northern Areas of Pakistan prove as an enchanting destination to admire the magnificence of the land acquired by intense sacrifices. Nestled among the rugged peaks of the Himalayas, these breathtakingly beautiful regions seem almost too stunning to be real. From snow-capped mountains and lush green valleys to crystal-clear lakes and ancient fortresses, this part of the world is a true paradise for nature lovers and adventurers alike.

Prepare yourself for a remarkable adventure as Independence Day arrives on Monday, 14 August 2023. Pack your bags, don your hiking boots, and brace yourself to discover the breathtaking beauty of Pakistan’s northern regions.

Table of Contents

Northern Areas of Pakistan

The Northern Areas of Pakistan are a true gem in South Asia, offering stunning natural beauty and diverse cultural experiences that attract visitors from all over the world. The region is a paradise for nature lovers and adventure seekers. Here is a comprehensive guide to the beauty of the northern areas of Pakistan to help you plan your next adventure in this magnificent region.

Northern Areas of Pakistan list of places to visit

With so much to see and do, planning a trip to Pakistan can be overwhelming. We’ve compiled a list of must-visit places in the region, from picturesque valleys and national parks to breathtakingly beautiful landscapes that will surely captivate you.

Hunza Valley

Nestled deep in the heart of the mighty Karakoram mountain range in Pakistan, a place that is as enchanting as it is mysterious, where the air is crisp and the landscape is painted with a palette of vibrant colours. This is the Hunza Valley, a place where time seems to stand still, and the rhythm of life is dictated by the ebb and flow of the seasons.

As you journey through the valley, you will be struck by the majesty of the towering peaks that rise up on either side, their snow-capped summits glistening in the bright sunshine.

The best destinations to explore in Hunza Valley include:

• Khunjerab Pass
• Attabad Lake
• Summit Gulmit
• Borith Lake
• Sost Border
• Rakaposhi Peak
• Baltit Fort
• Eagle Nest Duiker

Skardu, the jewel of the Karakoram range in Pakistan, is a place of breathtaking beauty, where the mountains soar to dizzying heights and the rivers run deep and fast. Even as you approach Skardu, the road twists and turns through the valleys, revealing new vistas at every turn, each one more stunning than the last.

One of the most spectacular sights in Skardu is the shimmering blue waters of Satpara Lake, a vast expanse of water that is surrounded by towering mountains and verdant forests. The lake is home to a variety of fish and other aquatic creatures and is a popular spot for fishing and boating.

Some of the must-see locations in Skardu valley are:

• Kachura Lake
• Satpara Lake
• Khaplu Valley
• Shigar Fort
• Shangri-La Lake

Fairy Meadows

Fairy Meadows is a place of ethereal beauty, where the landscape is otherworldly, and the air is filled with the scent of wildflowers and fresh mountain air. The locals say that the fairies come to dance in the meadows at night, and it’s easy to see why – the place is imbued with a sense of magic and wonder that is truly spellbinding. For the adventurous traveller, Fairy Meadows offers a range of activities, from trekking and hiking to camping and stargazing. 

Fairy Meadows has many incredible spots to explore, including

• Nanga Parbat
• Raikot Bridge
• Ganalo Peak

Swat Valley

Hidden in the mountains of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa lies the Swat Valley, a breathtakingly beautiful place where nature and culture come together in a symphony of colour and life. The winding roads leading to the valley are filled with the sweet aroma of wildflowers and the sound of gurgling streams, creating a sense of peace and tranquillity. The Swat Valley is a place of wonder and adventure. 

Swat valley boasts a variety of breathtaking locations to see, such as:

• Deosai National Park
• Kalam Valley

Kumrat Valley

• Mahodand Lake
• Malam Jabba
• Kundol Lake
• Saidu Sharif

Neelum Valley

Deep within the heart of Pakistan lies a mystical wonderland of untold beauty and adventure. Nestled within the mighty Himalayan Mountains, the Neelum Valley is a place that is both enchanting and alluring, beckoning visitors from far and wide to explore its majestic landscapes. But the Neelum Valley is not just a place of natural wonders. It is also steeped in history and culture, with ancient forts and temples dotting the landscape. 

The top places to visit in Neelum Valley:

• Kutton Valley
• Sharda Valley
• Nanga Parbat Viewpoint

Naran-Khagan Valley

Beyond the majestic mountains of Pakistan lies a land of unparalleled beauty and mystery. The Naran-Khagan Valley in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is a place that will leave you breathless, its rugged terrain and stunning vistas beckoning to the adventurer in us all.

The valley is a land of contrasts, where the sparkling waters of the Naran River give way to the rugged peaks of the Himalayan Range. You can hike through dense forests, climb towering mountains, or simply relax by the river’s edge and watch as the world goes by.

Here are the top attractions at Naran-Khagan Valley:

• Babusar Top
• Dudipatsar Lake
• Lake Saif-ul-Malok
• Lulusar Lake
• Lalazar Plateau

The Kumrat Valley is a place that will capture your heart and soul, a world of beauty and wonder that will leave you in awe. It is more than just a natural wonderland. It is also a place of magic and wonders, with hidden caves and ancient ruins that will transport you to a world beyond your wildest dreams. You can explore the ruins of long-forgotten temples and marvel at the intricate carvings and frescoes that adorn their walls.

The top attractions at the Kumrat Valley are:

• Do Kala Chashma
• Jahaz Banda Waterfall
• Wooden Canals Thal
• Katora Lake
• Kumrat Forest
• Jandrai Trek
• Jahaz Banda Meadows

What is the best time to visit the Northern Areas of Pakistan?

The Northern Areas of Pakistan have a mountainous climate and are generally cooler than the southern areas. Summers (April – September) in the northern areas generally have warm days and cool nights, with temperatures reaching up to 28°C (82.5°F). Winters (December – February) can be quite cold, with temperatures dropping to below 7°C (45°F).

The best time to visit the Northern Areas of Pakistan is during the summer months. The warm days and cool nights make it the ideal time for sightseeing, trekking, and camping. Here is a region-wise split of the best time to visit Northern Pakistan:  

• Giglit-Baltistan: April-October
• Chitral and Northern KPK: April-October 
• Southern KPK: October-April 
• Balochistan: October-April 

Related Posts:

Recent Posts:

Exploring the Breathtaking Beauty of Pakistan’s Northern Areas: An Insider’s Travel Guide

Pakistan’s northern areas beckon travelers with their unparalleled natural beauty, diverse cultural heritage, and abundant adventure opportunities. Nestled between towering mountains and fertile valleys, this region is home to some of the world’s most impressive landscapes including the majestic peaks of Karakoram, Himalayas, and Hindu Kush ranges. Seasoned adventurers and curious tourists alike are drawn to the serenity of turquoise lakes, the grandeur of icy glaciers, and the rustic charms of alpine meadows that define the topography of Northern Pakistan.

The cultural tapestry of the Northern Areas is as varied as its geography. Each valley resonates with its own unique traditions, languages, and festivals, offering visitors a rich travel experience. Exploring ancient fortresses, indulging in local cuisine, and engaging with friendly residents provide insights into the vibrant life in this rugged yet inviting terrain. The area is not just a visual feast but a cultural immersion, allowing one to witness the harmonious coexistence of antiquity with modernity.

For those with a passion for adventure, the region proposes a variety of experiences, from mild to extreme. Trekking through scenic trails, white-water rafting in the gushing rivers, and mountaineering among some of the highest peaks on Earth are just a few activities that promise an exhilarating experience. The journey through Northern Pakistan is more than just a simple vacation; it is an exploration of the senses and a testament to the splendor of the natural world and the fortitude of human culture thriving amidst it.

Discovering the Regions of Pakistan’s North

Pakistan’s northern regions are a synthesis of awe-inspiring landscapes and cultural richness, encompassing the towering peaks of the Karakoram, Himalayas, and Hindu Kush mountain ranges. This area offers visitors the chance to encounter vast valleys and historic fortresses amidst some of the world’s most incredible scenery.

Gilgit-Baltistan

Gilgit-Baltistan boasts a plethora of natural wonders, dominated by the Karakoram Mountain Range as well as parts of the Himalayas and Hindu Kush. Skardu , the region’s gateway, leads to surreal landscapes, including the tranquil Hunza Valley and the vividly blue Attabad Lake . Lush valleys like Naltar Valley and historical landmarks such as Baltit Fort and Altit Fort invite explorers. The vast Deosai National Park , known as the Land of Giants, with its alpine flowers and wildlife, is a remarkable high-altitude plateau to visit. Fairy Meadows provides a stunning view of the colossal Nanga Parbat , the ninth highest mountain in the world.

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Home to the rugged Hindu Kush Mountain Range , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is a treasure trove of scenic valleys and cultural experiences. The Swat Valley , often referred to as the ‘Switzerland of Pakistan,’ is renowned for its verdant meadows and crystal-clear rivers. Chitral and the Kalash Valley highlight the area’s unique cultural tapestry, where the indigenous Kalash people celebrate their traditions. Notable attractions include Malam Jabba , a popular ski resort and adventure hub that draws enthusiasts from all over.

Azad Kashmir

Azad Kashmir is characterized by mesmerizing landscapes, with the Neelum Valley being a standout attraction. The undulating terrains of the valley give way to quaint towns like Kel and Arang Kel , suspended above the vivid green waters of the Neelum River. The region is peaceably quiet, offering a serene escape into nature with dense forests and melodious streams contributing to its indomitable charm.

The Cultural Tapestry of Northern Pakistan

Northern Pakistan’s cultural landscape is vibrant and compelling, characterized by rich traditions, diverse festivals, unique cuisines, and historical structures deeply ingrained in the local communities’ way of life.

Local Traditions and Festivals

In northern Pakistan, cultural festivals paint a vivid picture of the region’s heritage. Events such as the Shandur Polo Festival celebrate traditional sports on the “Roof of the World”, while the Kalash Festivals —Chaumos, Phoo, and Uchao—shine a light on ancient rituals with vibrant dances and music. The Hunza Valley , a gem among the local communities, showcases Balti dance , reflecting the joy and hospitality of the people.

Culinary Journey

The cuisine of northern Pakistan is a flavorful testament to its cultural richness. Local staples like wheat and maize are transformed into a variety of bread, such as chapshoro (meat-filled pie) and girde (circular bread). Trout , sourced from the pristine rivers, is a sought-after delicacy, often grilled or fried. A traveler’s palate would be incomplete without savoring hunza water , a traditional apricot beverage.

Historical Landmarks

Historical landmarks in northern Pakistan are a testament to the region’s cultural heritage. The Baltit Fort and Altit Fort in Hunza—dating back over 700 years—stand as monumental relics of architecture and history. Shigar Fort , known as Fong-Khar, which translates to “Palace on the Rock”, is another cultural bastion that has been meticulously restored as a heritage guesthouse, blending hospitality with historical preservation.

Adventure and Activities

Pakistan’s northern areas offer a myriad of activities for adventure enthusiasts and nature lovers alike, from the challenging trek routes of the Karakoram Mountains to serene nights spent under the stars.

Trekking and Hiking

The picturesque valleys and the towering peaks of Northern Pakistan are a paradise for trekkers and hikers. Baltoro Glacier and Lalazar serve as gateways to some of the most exhilarating treks. Hikers can experience the Rakaposhi Base Camp Trek or push their limits by traversing the Babusar Top . Each trail offers a unique blend of natural beauty and physical challenge.

Mountain Climbing Expeditions

Adventurers seeking the thrill of high altitude can embark on mountain climbing expeditions to conquer summits like K2 and other peaks within the Karakoram Range . Climbing expeditions require preparation and skill, but the reward is unparalleled views and a sense of accomplishment that few other experiences can match.

Water Activities

• White-Water Rafting: The region’s rivers offer exhilarating white-water rafting experiences.
• Trout Fishing: Fishing enthusiasts can relish in trout fishing amidst the serene landscape.

Camping and Eco-Tourism

Camping in Northern Pakistan allows travelers to immerse themselves in nature while practicing responsible tourism. The emphasis on eco-friendly travel helps to preserve the pristine conditions of the camping sites, ensuring they remain unspoiled for future generations.

Breathtaking Natural Wonders

Pakistan’s northern areas are home to some of the most stunning and diverse landscapes in the world, featuring towering mountains, tranquil valleys, and pristine lakes that make it a paradise for nature lovers.

Majestic Mountains and Peaks

The Himalayas and the Karakoram ranges boast some of the tallest and most famous peaks on Earth. K2 , often referred to as Savage Mountain, is the second-highest peak globally and offers a monumental challenge for mountaineers. Nanga Parbat , known as the Killer Mountain, is infamous for its climbing difficulty, while Rakaposhi ‘s beauty captivates those who gaze upon it. The might of these mountains contributes to the dramatic landscapes that are synonymous with Pakistan’s rugged terrain.

• K2 (8,611 meters, Karakoram Range)
• Nanga Parbat (8,126 meters, Himalayas)
• Rakaposhi (7,788 meters, Karakoram Range)

Serenity in Valleys and Lakes

Valleys like Hunza and Naltar are lush, verdant, and peaceful, offering a stark contrast to the imposing peaks. Hunza Valley is renowned for its vibrant culture and hospitable locals, while Naltar Valley is famed for its wildlife and alpine flora. Enchanting lakes such as the reflective Lulusar Lake , heart-shaped Ansoo Lake , and vivid Kachura Lakes —comprising the renowned Shangrila Resort at Lower Kachura Lake and the serene Upper Kachura Lake —provide travelers with stunning natural beauty and opportunities for reflection and relaxation.

• Hunza Valley: Culture & Views
• Naltar Valley: Flora & Fauna
• Lulusar Lake, Ansoo Lake, Upper & Lower Kachura Lakes: Natural Beauty

Unique Ecological Sites

Deosai National Park , known as the Land of Giants, presents a unique high-altitude ecosystem with a vast, undulating plateau that remains covered with wildflowers in spring. The park is home to the endangered Himalayan brown bear and a myriad of other wildlife. Adjoining the park, the Baltoro Glacier offers a breathtaking view of the rugged landscape covered in ice and snow, providing a distinctive spectacle unlike any other in Pakistan.

• Deosai National Park: High-altitude Bio-diversity & Brown Bears
• Baltoro Glacier: Rugged Ice Landscapes

When to Visit: Seasons and Climate

The best time to visit Pakistan’s northern areas depends on the traveler’s preference for climate and activities. Each season offers a unique experience, with the summer months being ideal for trekking and the winter season offering snow sports.

Summer Delights

Summers, from May to August, present an ideal climate for exploring the mountains. During this season, temperatures typically range from 15°C to 30°C , allowing for comfortable trekking conditions. Visitors can enjoy the lush green valleys and flowering meadows under the clear blue skies. Key locations like Hunza Valley and Skardu become accessible as snow melts on the higher passes.

Winter Wonders

Winter, spanning from December to February, transforms the region into a snowy paradise, with temperatures often dropping below freezing, ranging from -10°C to 5°C . It’s prime time for ski enthusiasts to visit destinations like Malam Jabba and Naltar. The snow-covered landscapes are breathtaking, although visitors should be prepared for cold weather and possible travel disruptions due to heavy snowfall.

Navigating the Northern Areas

The Northern Areas of Pakistan offer a myriad of routes and challenges, making pre-trip planning and safety considerations essential for a rewarding travel experience.

Travel Routes and Accessibility

Travel to and within Pakistan’s Northern Areas hinges on the Karakoram Highway (KKH), a pivotal route stretching from Hasan Abdal to the Khunjerab Pass, bordering China. The KKH provides access to compelling destinations, including the versatile bazaars of Saidu Sharif and the charming town of Madyan in the picturesque Kunhar Valley. For entry from the south, travelers often embark from Islamabad, proceeding towards Mansehra, which serves as a gateway to further northern expeditions.

By Air : Regular flights connect Islamabad to Skardu and Gilgit, key hubs for exploring the surrounding regions.

• Skardu : Direct access to the central Karakoram range, with road links to Deosai Plains and satellite valleys.
• Gilgit : Convenient for journeys to Hunza and the Fairy Meadows.
• Private Vehicles : Offer freedom but demand cautious navigation along challenging mountain roads.
• Public Transport : Includes buses and vans plying on the KKH; reliable and cost-effective for travelers.

Staying Safe and Responsible

Safety and responsible tourism are paramount for preserving the Northern Areas and ensuring an enjoyable journey. Adherence to the following guidelines promotes a conscientious travel experience:

Personal Safety :

• Acclimate : Gradual ascension is necessary to adjust to high altitudes, especially when traversing the Khunjerab Pass, which stands at an elevation of 4,693 meters.
• Stay Informed : Monitor weather and local advisories, as conditions can quickly change.

Responsible Tourism :

• Environmental Care : Minimize ecological impact by carrying out trash and using biodegradable materials.
• Cultural Sensitivity : Respect local customs and support the economy by purchasing goods from regional bazaars and artisans.

Integration with Local Life

When traveling to Pakistan’s northern areas, engaging with the region’s local communities reveals the heart of its cultural heritage. Visitors experience unparalleled hospitality and a connection to vibrant marketplaces deeply rooted in tradition.

Community Engagement and Hospitality

The local people of Pakistan’s northern areas are known for their warm hospitality. They often invite travelers into their homes, offering traditional meals and sharing stories of their heritage. This direct engagement provides insight into the daily lives and customs of the community.

Key Cultural Traditions:

• Hospitality Rituals: Local tea and salted milk tea (known as doodh patti chai and sheer chai , respectively) accompanied by regional breads like chapatti or naan are often served to guests.
• Home Visits: Staying with a local family can be arranged in various villages, allowing for a profound immersion into local life.

Shopping and Local Markets

Local bazaars in the northern areas are not just shopping hubs but are also cultural centers where one can observe and participate in the daily exchanges that define local life.

• Bazaars: The main bazaars are a feast for the senses, with items ranging from fresh produce to handcrafted goods.
• Gemstones: The region is famed for its gemstone markets featuring indigenous stones like peridot, aquamarine, and topaz.

Standout Markets:

• Hunza Bazaar: Known for its local handicrafts and traditional hats.
• Gilgit Bazaar: Offers a wide variety of gemstones and jewelry.

By exploring the bazaars and engaging with the gemstone trade, travelers directly contribute to the local economy and gain a genuine appreciation of the artisanal skill in these northern communities.

Planning Your Journey

When traveling to Pakistan’s northern areas, organizing your trip thoroughly enhances the experience. Safety, responsible tourism, and selecting appropriate tours are crucial considerations.

Itineraries and Tours

Travelers should explore a variety of itineraries and tours that cater to different interests and timeframes. Guided tours are commendable for their structured approach, ensuring safety and providing in-depth knowledge of the region.

• Short treks : Suitable for those with limited time, often taking 3-5 days.
• Long expeditions : Ideal for the more adventurous, lasting 7-15 days.

Responsible tourism is a key emphasis, encouraging visitors to respect local customs and natural habitats. Travel agencies in the area often offer packages that include:

Accommodations and Facilities

Accommodations vary from budget-friendly hostels to luxury resorts. Facilities are mostly basic but comfortable, ensuring a restful stay after a day of exploration.

• Guesthouses : They offer a homely atmosphere with fewer amenities.
• Hotels : Range from 2 to 5 stars, often with on-site restaurants.

In terms of amenities, larger towns such as Gilgit and Skardu provide a broader range of services including:

• Internet access
• Medical facilities

Smaller villages may lack some facilities, so travelers are advised to prepare accordingly. Booking in advance is a smart practice, particularly during peak seasons from May to October.

Concluding Thoughts

The Northern Areas of Pakistan offer an immersive experience for those seeking adventure amidst some of the world’s most stunning landscapes. Visitors will find that the region’s cultural heritage enriches their journey, providing context and depth to the visual splendor.

• Nature Lovers: An unspoiled paradise, these regions boast lush valleys, towering mountains, and pristine lakes. Trekkers and wildlife enthusiasts will discover a diverse range of flora and fauna.
• Adventure Seekers: The challenging treks and the thrilling mountainous terrain cater to thrill-seekers. From rafting to mountaineering, the opportunities for heart-pounding activities are plentiful.
• Cultural Enthusiasts: The local customs and traditions present in the Northern Areas are a testament to Pakistan’s rich cultural tapestry. The hospitality of the people further enhances the travel experience.

Every traveler leaves with a profound sense of awe and a collection of memories that linger long after the journey ends. The Northern Areas of Pakistan are not merely a destination but a canvas where each visitor paints their unique story of exploration and discovery.

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Explore Pakistan’s wildest, most beautiful landscapes

Snowcapped Himalayan peaks, rare brown bears, and otherworldly rock formations dazzle travelers to this stunning part of the world.

From the precipitous peaks of the Karakoram range to the fertile Indus River plain, Pakistan is home to a diversity of stunning landscapes. Two new parks —Himalaya National Park and Nanga Parbat National Park—were designated in 2020, covering more than 2,200 square miles of biodiverse, high-altitude terrain in the northern territory of Gilgit-Baltistan .

Although its spectacular topography and fascinating history date back thousands of years, Pakistan is a relatively young nation, formed in 1947 when Partition split the Indian subcontinent into two separate countries.  

Travelers can explore both cultural monuments (lengths of the ancient Silk Road, the ruins of Mohenjo-daro ) and dazzling national parks, alpine lakes, and scenic drives. Here are the best ways to get into that lesser-known, wilder side of Pakistan.

Deosai National Park

Known as “Land of the Giants,” Deosai National Park sits on an alpine plateau backdropped by snow-dusted mountains. Each spring, the lush valley is swept by wildflowers and rare butterflies, earning the name “Summer’s Palace” by locals, who enjoy the wildlife after winter’s thaw.  

( Learn why mountain peaks inspire so many travelers .)

This biodiversity hot spot is home to the Tibetan wolf, Himalayan ibex, Tibetan red fox, and golden marmots, but the government granted the park protected status in 1993 to safeguard the critically endangered Himalayan brown bear. The park was also nominated for UNESCO World Heritage status in 2016.

Kaghan Valley National Park

Northern Pakistan’s picturesque Kaghan Valley is a place of fairytales. According to a local legend, a prince of Persia fell in love with a fairy princess on the crystalline waters of Lake Saiful Muluk. But a giant was also enraptured with the princess, and held her captive. One day, the prince escaped with her, and in his fury, the giant flooded the valley and created lakes with his tears. Today, visitors from around the world travel to Kaghan Valley for its mountain scenery, alpine lakes, and clear night skies.

Makran Coastal Highway

The Makran Coastal Highway is a scenic drive along Pakistan’s Arabian Sea coast. The route starts in Karachi and runs through Gwadar to the Iran border, and is considered a major infrastructural achievement. Unique, lunar rock formations line a section of the highway known as the Buzi Pass in Hingol National Park. Natural rock sculptures, like the sphinx-shaped “Lion of Balochistan,” can be found along the highway.

Hunza Valley

In the northern territory of Gilgit-Baltistan , icy peaks soar above the Hunza River. Situated on the riverbank and surrounded by glaciers and gorges, the town of Hunza traditionally served as a resting place for travelers descending the Hindu Kush mountains into the Vale of Kashmir. The valley is home to snow leopards , markhors, ibexes, and red-striped foxes.

Hingol National Park

Pakistan’s largest national park extends hundreds of miles along the Makran Coast. While Hingol National Park is renowned for its diverse wildlife—Sindh leopards, chinkaras, honey badgers, and Indian pangolins–it is perhaps best known for its cluster of active mud volcanoes.  

( Delve into village life ialong the India-Pakistan border .)

A mix of hot spring activity, gas, and water reacts chemically with the surrounding rocks to form boiling mud. When the mud is expelled, it continuously rebuilds the cones, which are easily eroded. One of the most famous mud volcanoes is Chandragup, a sacred annual pilgrimage site for thousands of Hindus, along with the nearby Hinglaj temple.

Baltoro Glacier National Park

In Pakistan’s eastern Karakoram, Baltoro Glacier is one of the world’s largest valley glaciers. Though difficult to access, it is one of the most highly trafficked regions in Pakistan because of mountaineering destinations including K2, Broad Peak, and the Gasherbrum peaks at its head. The area is not only known for its stunning scenery, but as a life source–a large portion of northern Pakistan’s population depends on meltwater from the Karakoram glaciers.

( Learn how a team of Nepalese climbers summited K2 in winter .)

Neelum Valley National Park

In northern Azad Kashmir, the bow-shaped Neelum Valley is sandwiched between 13,000-foot peaks and blanketed by verdant forest and streams .   The small hilltop village of Arang Kel, dotted with traditional wooden houses, is known as the pearl of Neelum Valley. Hiking paths around the valley afford prime views of mountains and waterfalls.

Attabad Lake

Nestled in the Hunza Valley, Attabad Lake’s vibrant turquoise waters cut through the rocky terrain. Although beautiful, the serene landscape has a violent origin story. The lake was formed in January 2010, when a massive landslide at Attabad Village flooded nearby towns, blocked the flow of the Hunza River, and displaced thousands of people. Today, it’s a popular stop for tourists who can take boats out on the water.

This story was originally published April 5, 2018. It has been updated.

Related Topics

• TRAVEL PHOTOGRAPHY
• LANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHY
• NATIONAL PARKS
• NATURE PHOTOGRAPHY

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Northern Areas of Pakistan-Facts, Problems and Recommendations

The Northern Areas (NAs) of Pakistan, where a million people reside, and where political, democratic, constitutional and administrative institutions are yet to take roots, also makes a case of intellectual vacuum. A cursory look at the existing literature will reveal that the available studies on NAs do provide valuable information regarding the history, societal conditions, wars between the local Rajas and tales of valour, and about the towering mountain peaks and glaciers. Similarly, enough material is available about the freedom movement of 1947. Then there are books on tourism in NAs, which contain vast and precious information.

Policy Perspectives , Vlm 1, No.1

The Northern Areas (NAs) of Pakistan, where a million people reside, and where political, democratic, constitutional and administrative institutions are yet to take roots, also makes a case of intellectual vacuum. A cursory look at the existing literature will reveal that the available studies on NAs do provide valuable information regarding the history, societal conditions, wars between the local Rajas and tales of valour, and about the towering mountain peaks and glaciers. Similarly, enough material is available about the freedom movement of 1947. Then there are books on tourism in NAs, which contain vast and precious information. Yet, there is general apathy towards the political, economic and social conditions prevalent in NAs since the last 50 years.

The national media also casts a similar picture. The hundreds of articles that appear in the newspapers generally lack objectivity even in discussing the historical position of Northern Areas and their relations with the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Obsessed with pre-determined positions, writers discuss the events and historic facts only in supporting their own stances. Barring exceptions one generally finds nothing new but a repetition of cases and arguments.

However, a positive development appeared after 1990 when the national press started anchoring correspondents in the Areas. Periodical diaries of these correspondents became a useful, direct and regular source of information flowing from the Northern Areas to other parts of the country.

May 1999 clash at Kargil focussed world attention on the NAs and it became subject of hot discussion also in the international media. Still quite naturally the focal point remained Pakistan-India relations and the issue of Kashmir. However, the constitutional problems and the constraints faced by the people could not become the subject of general discussion.

Seen in this background, the decision of the Supreme Court of Pakistan (28 May, 1999) about the status of the Northern Areas assumes great importance. The decision has provided clear guidance in constitutional, administrative and legal matters. Supreme Court through its verdict ordered the government of Pakistan to ensure provision of basic rights to the people of Northern Areas within six months. Owing to political instability

and uncertainty, no encouraging progress was however, made to implement the decision within the stipulated period or even later.

In this background this paper looks at the evolution of Northern Areas and its relations with the Islamabad as well as its ties with the Kashmir conflict. Likewise, paper examines the prevalent socio-economic and political situation and suggest some reforms to improve the conditions of the local people.

Northern Areas: Historical Facts

Before partition of the sub-Continent, the state of Jammu and Kashmir with a total area of 84471 square miles, was geographically divided into following three big regions:

Jammu Province (12,378 sq. miles)

• Kashmir Province (8,539 sq.)
• Frontier Province of Ladakh and Gilgit (63,554 sq)

In 1947, a part of the state gained independence and was called Azad Jammu and Kashmir, which has an area of 5,134 square miles. While 29,814 square miles chunk of the Frontier Province of Ladakh and Gilgit after winning freedom came under the administrative control of Pakistan through an agreement. This is the area now called Northern Areas. The rest of the Frontier province i.e. 3,3740 sq. miles area of Ladakh is under Indian occupation . The Northern Areas of Pakistan are source of global attraction for their heights and vast ranges of K-2, Hindukush, Pamir and the Himalayas.

Constitutional Position

• Historically these areas belong to Dogra State of Jammu and Kashmir. On March 29, 1935, the British government took possession of Gilgit Agency from the state government, through a lease agreement for 60 years. The British feared of the Soviet expansionist moves, and therefore wanted to have direct control in the region. During this period the state flag remained hoisted over residency along with the Union Jack. However by August 1, 1947, the areas were returned to the state government , because the British had decided partitioning of the Indian sub-continent.
• In the state elections held in 1934, 1937 and 1941, five representatives of these areas were taken in the Jammu & Kashmir assembly. Even in the last state assembly, which terminated in 1947, the areas were represented.
• Through a jointly formed armed struggle of the local people, the Gilgit Scouts and the Muslim officers of the Maharaja’s army, the area was liberated on November 1, 1947 and an interim government constituted under Raja Shah Rais Khan of Gilgit. The government of Pakistan was invited through a telegram to take control of the areas. Responding to this request Sardar Muhammad Alam (A tehsildar in the NWFP government at that time) was appointed and sent to Gilgit on 16th November, as government of Pakistan’s political agent.
• In April 1949 because of several administrative constraints an agreement was reached between the government of Pakistan and government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ & K). Accordingly the administrative control of Gilgit and Baltistan was temporarily transferred to the former. Vide sub-clause 8 of section-3 of this Agreement, the affairs of Gilgit and Baltistan were brought under the control of Political Agent appointed by the government of Pakistan.
• In the same year (1949), the United Nations stopped the war in Kashmir and established the Cease-fire Line. Through the Simla Agreement (1972), the same CFL was converted and renamed Line of Control (LoC) with some adjustments. That cease-fire (control) Line was also established in the Northern Areas. It was through that decision that the U.N. observers were posted on the control line and are still there between the Occupied Ladakh and Northern Areas.
• Map of the state of Jammu and Kashmir published by the Pakistan’s Ministry of Kashmir Affairs in February 1954 shows Gilgit and Baltistan both in terms of area and population, as part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir . Also the maps published by Survey of Pakistan continued to show the Northern Areas as part of AJ & K as late as up to 1987.
• The geographic details and explanation of the areas under Pakistan, as given in the constitutions of 1956, 1962 and 1973, do not cover Northern Areas as part of Pakistan. When Martial Law was imposed in 1958, it was not extended to Northern Areas, because according to the principle stand of Pakistan, these areas (still) did not belong to Pakistan [Their fate was yet to be decided].

Through the Sino-Pak border Agreement of March 2, 1963, certain areas were mutually transferred by adjustment. The agreement contained a clause (article 6) that after the Kashmir dispute was resolved, the government in power in Northern Areas and the Peoples Republic of China will re-negotiate the agreement. The agreement is called Sinkiang-Kashmir Border Agreement.

• India lodged protest against the Sino-Pak Agreement. Through its letter dated 16th March 1963, addressed to the President of the U.N. Security Council, India took the stand that the agreement was a violation of the resolutions of the Security Council and the U.N. Commission for India-Pakistan. Pakistan’s position was that Northern Areas were integrated part of the disputed state of Jammu and Kashmir, and their fate is yet to be decided along with the rest of the State, through a plebiscite as provided in the U.N. resolutions. Relevant text of the then Foreign Mister of Pakistan, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto explaining the Pakistan’s position is reproduced as follows:
• My Government is bound by its duty to declare the Security Council that, pending determination of the future of Kashmir, through the will of the people impartially ascertained, no position taken or adjustments made by either of the parties to the present controversy between India and China or any similar controversy in the future shall be valid or affect the status of the territory of Jammu and Kashmir or the imperatives or demilitarization and self determination of the state of Jammu and Kashmir laid down in the resolution of 21 April 1948, 30 March 1951, 24 January 1957, and in resolutions of the United Nations Commissions for India and Pakistan, dated 13 August 1948, and 5 January 1949, which have been jointly accepted by both India and Pakistan and by which both governments, according to their repeated declarations, stand engaged.

“The Boundary Agreement (between Pakistan and China) does not affect the status of the territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It does not affect the imperatives of demilitarization of the state. It does not derogate one jot or title from the right of self-determination of the people. When in the occupied Jammu and Kashmir, the “All Jammu and Kashmir Conference” recommended through a resolution (27 October, 1950), that the future shape and annexation of the state of Jammu and Kashmir be decided through the Constituent Assembly, the Security Council took the decision in its Resolution of 30 March, 1951 (accepted both by Pakistan and India) that such an assembly had no authority to decide the future of the state.

• During the hearing of the Indian plane (Ganga) hijacking case started in 1971 and ended on 17 May, 1973, the Attorney General of Pakistan admitted before the Supreme Court of Pakistan that: “No given part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir can decide on its own, to join either Pakistan or India”.
• While establishing the constitutional future of the Northern Areas, the full bench of the Azad Kashmir High Court (verdict on Gilgit and Baltistan (N.A.) March 18, 1993) held in a petition filed by Mohammad Miskeen and Haji Bashir Khan of Gilgit and Shaikh Abdul Aziz Advocate of Muzaffarabad:
• Northern Areas (Gilgit and Baltistan) are part of Azad Kashmir, historically and constitutionally;
• The Azad Kashmir government should establish administrative and legal institutions in these areas.
• Under the Provisional Constitutional Act, 1974, the (A.K.) High Court has the right to hear all petitions concerning Azad Kashmir;
• And (the Court) also has right to hear cases in all matters pertaining to Northern Areas.
• The government of AJ&K appealed against the decision of the High Court in the AJ&K Supreme Court, which announced its decision on 14 September, 1994, stating: “No doubt, that Northern Areas are part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir – but not of Azad Kashmir. Therefore, the government need not take administrative control of these areas.
• The Supreme Court of Pakistan ordered the government vide its decision of May 28, 1999, that Northern Areas were constitutional part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The government of Pakistan should ensure that basic human rights and other political and administrative institutions are provided in the areas within six months. However, the action should not adversely affect Pakistan’s stand concerning the Kashmir dispute.

The Indian Stand

• The Indian Constitution provides that the Northern Areas [of Pakistan] and Azad Kashmir are part of the Indian Union. That is why the Indian Occupied Kashmir Assembly has 25 seats reserved for Azad Kashmir, Gilgit and Baltistan, on the basis of 1941-51 census.
• The greater part of Northern Areas – adjacent to Ladakh and Kargil – is administered by India as part of its occupied Kashmir. Members for the Indian Occupied Kashmir assembly are also elected from Ladakh and Kargil. Even ministers are taken from there and the administrative control rests with the government of Occupied Kashmir. Seeing that Ladakh and Kargil are farther away from Srinagar as compared to the distance between Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas, the situation on Pakistan’s side assumes special importance. That India which has even declared the state of Jammu and Kashmir as its integral part treats Ladakh and Kargil as part of the state.

Post Independence Progress

No sooner did Sardar Muhammad Alam took over as Political Agent of Pakistan in November 1947, the Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR) were enforced over whole of Northern Areas. This was the English law for the tribal areas through which a civil servant exercised all judicial and administrative powers. (It is worth noting that prior to this FCR, the Maharaja of Kashmir in his period had provided an independent judicial system for the areas, and the people could appeal before the Kashmir High Court). Furthermore, a feature of the new system was that the Political Agent was placed under the Political Resident of the NWFP.

In 1950, the federal Government brought the affairs of the Northern Areas under the administrative control of Ministry of Kashmir Affairs and Northern Areas, which remains as such since then. The ministry introduced the post of Political Resident instead of Political Agent. In 1952, a Joint Secretary of the Ministry of Kashmir Affairs was appointed Resident for the Northern Areas . However, no change occurred in essence with the new system, because the administrative and judicial authorities remained centralized, as in the past, in the position of the Resident and no system was designed for political representation. People of the area were not very happy with this state of affairs. Some of the significant responses and developments are as follows:

• Colonel Mirza Hasan Khan, the hero of the freedom war, established a party – the Gilgit League – in 1957. This was the first political organization set up at the local level. After the 1958 Martial Law, the organization got banned, and Mirza Hasan joined the Azad Kashmir civil service.
• During the sixties an organization was established named “ Gilgit and Baltistan Jamhoori Mahaz ” (Democratic Front). The Mahaz employed means like print media, literature and demonstrations to present with full force the case of political and constitutional rights of the people. It was due to the struggle of this organization that the AJ&K assembly adopted the resolution seeking Northern Areas joining of AJ&K. This organization also got inactive after 1973.
• In 1973, “ Gilgit and Baltistan Students Federation ” was organized in Karachi by the students of the area studying in Karachi. Although nothing happened in substance because of this movement, yet the organization played an important role in introducing the problems of the rights of Northern Areas’ people in a Metropolitan like Karachi. After 1976, however the Federation also became inactive and ceased all activities.

The Ministry of Kashmir Affairs introduced some reforms in 1967. Inter alia, a Resident was appointed instead of Political Resident with his headquarter in Gilgit. The tasks of administration, High Court and Revenue Commissioner were all pooled in the body of the Resident.

Under the Resident, there used to be two Political Agents, one each for Gilgit and Baltistan agencies. Each of the Political Agents exercised the following powers simultaneously in his jurisdiction:

• District and Session Judge;
• District Magistrate;
• Revenue Collector;
• Commissioner for FCR;
• Inspector General, Police;
• Chairman District Council
• Controlling Officer of Cooperative Society

The above list is well indicative of the powers and authority of the Resident and Political Agent.

• Elections in Northern Areas conducted for the first time in 1970. These were for the NA Advisory Council consisting of 16 members. It was the first representative body of the Northern Areas. While the Council had the power to sanction development schemes it was almost helpless in all other matters. During its early days, Commissioner N.A. (Resident) used to chair the Council. Later, a change was brought about, and the Federal Minister for Kashmir Affairs became the chairman.
• An incident occurred during this period brought a number of changes in the administrative set-up in NAs. The daughter of an officer of the Gilgit Scouts (the law and order agency under the local administration) could not pass a school examination. Her mother visited the school and had bitter exchanges with the Head mistress. The Head mistress complained to the Deputy Commissioner, who suspended her service. A delegation of Tanzeem-e-Millat went to see the Resident Commissioner to get redressed the injustice done to the Head mistress. The Commissioner insulted the delegation. To react, the organization took to the streets with protest rallies and meetings. In response, the administration resorted to firing killing a few demonstrators. This incident turned into a political movement demanding basic rights for the Northern Areas. Because of mishandling by the administration, the element of violence entered into an otherwise peaceful protest movement. The administration got hold of and imprisoned fifteen top leaders of the “Tanzeem”. But people broke the jail and set their leaders free.
• During 1972 the then government of Mr. Z. A. Bhutto announced a general amnesty with reference to the above incident. In a package reform it replaced FCR. and instituted a new district Diamir with immediate effect. The President of Pakistan, through his proclamation of August 1972, brought about fundamental structural reforms:
• The system of Feudal Lords, Rajas, Mir of Nagar and Agency was abolished;
• Gilgit and Baltistan agencies were given the status of districts;
• “Resident” and “Political Agent” were re-named Commissioner and Deputy Commissioner, respectively.
• With general amnesty and the process of administrative reforms, “Tanzeem-e-Millat” got merged in the Pakistan People’s Party.
• In September 1974, Prime Minister Bhutto visited Northern Areas. On the occasion, he declared Ganchi and Ghazar as two new districts and abolished the state of Hunza.

When on July 5, 1977 General Zia ul Haq imposed Martial Law in Pakistan, the Northern Areas were also declared “Martial Law Zone-E” (A to D being the four Provinces). From the administrative viewpoint, this was the first important decision that gave rise to confusion about the constitutional position of the Northern Areas. To this, the contradictory statements made by President Zia about the areas’ future and constitutional position added further confusion. In April 1982, the newspapers reported the President stating: that Gilgit, Skardu and Hunza were not “disputed” areas, but part of Pakistan34. Speaking to correspondents in Quetta on May 9, 1982, he said: “Kashmir has been a disputed issue, but so far as the Northern Areas are concerned, we do not accept them disputed. The President also nominated three individuals of the area, for the Majlis-e-Shura, as observers. Inaugurating the second session of the Shura, President Zia expressed his happiness that representatives from Northern Areas were there. He said  “I am not talking of Kashmir; I am talking about the Northern Areas, which make part of Pakistan.”

With the said remarks of the President, the media naturally took up the issue. Various quarters objected the new stand. It was the period when four of the major political parties (Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference, Azad Kashmir People’s Party, Jammu and Kashmir Mahaz-e-Raiy Shumari, and Azad Muslim Conference) had joined in a movement for the restoration of democracy. Leaders of all the four parties sent a jointly signed letter to President Zia on May 4, 1982. The letter explained in sufficient detail the position of the areas: that they belonged to the state, and like the rest of the state constituents, their future position was yet to be decided. That the U.N. Documents provided ample proof and that it has been the principle stand of all past governments in Pakistan. The President’s statements were depriving around 6 to 7 hundred thousands inhabitants of the area of their right to vote in the plebiscite, which will be a great loss to Kashmir and to Pakistan.

Although the President did not reply the letter, but sometimes afterwards conceded in an interview with M.J. Akbar (Editor Weekly Sunday , India), that Gilgit and Baltistan were not part of Pakistan and were as much disputed as the rest of the Kashmir. With this the press discussion ended for the time being. However, while meeting a delegation of the Northern Areas on 15 April, 1985, President Zia-ul Haq again indicated, that: Northern Areas will be given representation before the next meeting of the National Assembly, and that elections for the National Assembly seats will be held in the three Northern Areas districts including Skardu and Gilgit. Also, that the Justice Ministry has been directed and it was considering to remove obstacles in the way of Northern Area’s representation in the National Assembly. After the case review, Northern Areas will be given representation in the National Assembly and the Senate through a notification. However, there was neither any notification made, nor the pronounced representation could be given in the Assembly and the Senate.

A high power Committee was constituted in 1984-85 to settle the future of the Northern Areas. Members of the Committee included the Secretaries of Divisions/ Ministries of Establishment, Finance, Planning, Law, Interior, Education, and Kashmir Affairs and Northern Areas. The Committee soon submitted its report. But it was neither implemented, nor made public.

In the 1988-90 PPP government appointed Mr. Qurban Ali (chairman PPP, Northern Areas) as Advisor to the Prime Minister for Northern Areas.

Later again, during the second PPP regime Federal Cabinet approved a “reform package” for the Northern Areas, on April 25, 1994. The package included following actions:

• The membership of the Northern Areas Council was enhanced from 18 to 26. It was decided that members will be elected on the basis of adult franchise ;
• To administer Northern Areas, the Federal Minister of Kashmir Affairs, will be the Chief Executive of the Council; To assist C.E; the Council will elect a Deputy Chief Executive;
• Three to five members of the Council will be taken as Advisors to C.E. They will enjoy the status of provincial ministers. Their appointment will, however, depend on the C.E’s discretion ;
• The post of Judicial Commissioner will be abolished, and a 3-member Chief Court will be constituted under the chairmanship of a retired Judge. Any senior judicial officer belonging to federation or the provincial High Court will be deputed as member of the Chief Court, whereas a District Session Judge from the Northern Areas will also be its member. The Court was however, not authorized to hear writ petitions.

Through the “package”, Northern Areas were turned into de facto province. For the first time, the federal government appointed in the area, a Chief Secretary and four Secretaries.

Under the package, party-based elections were held for the first time in 1994. A member of Pakistan People’s Party got elected as Deputy Chief Executive. PPP and Tahrik-i-Jafaria also sent two Advisors each, while Muslim League (Junejo group) got one seat of Advisor. These Advisors were assigned public departments. Rules of Business were also framed so that official matters could be regulated. Inspite of all this, all the five Advisors including the Deputy CE, generally complained that they had no powers. Authority instead was still exercised by the bureaucracy.

Interesting to note about the “package” was the fact that a non-representative person (C.E.) was made head of the popularly elected Deputy Chief Executive. That adversely affected the credibility of the elected body, and gave the impression that it was only a showpiece.

Financial and administrative powers remained centred in the federal Finance and Establishment Divisions, which the Chief Executive exercised as his exclusive prerogative. Thus the lack of power of the Deputy Chief Executive and the Advisors became evident.

Decision of the Supreme Court of Pakistan (1999)

As explained earlier the constitutional position of the Northern Areas is clear that historically they are part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. In spite of that there is persistent confusion in the administrative and judicial structure. That has given rise to various problems and the people of the area, as well as in Pakistan, feel un-easy about it. Attempts made through political struggle and dialogue have yielded nothing. That was the back-ground of the petition brought before the Supreme Court of Pakistan by Habib Wahab al-Khairi (founder of Al-Jihad Trust, Rawalpindi), making Secretary, Ministry of Kashmir Affairs and N.A. defendant to the lawsuit. It was pleaded that the Court restores the basic human rights of the people of the area. In its 42-pages judgment of 28 May, 1999, the Supreme Court directed the Government of Pakistan that: “…since the geographical location of the Northern Areas is very sensitive because it is bordering India, China, Tibet and USSR, and as the above areas in the past have also been treated differently, this Court cannot decide what type of Government should be provided to ensure the compliance with the above mandate of the Constitution. Nor we can direct that the people of Northern Areas should be given representation in the Parliament as, at this stage it may not be in the larger interest of the country because of the fact that a plebiscite under the auspices of the United Nations is to be held. The above questions are to be decided by the Parliament and the Executive. This Court at the most can direct that the proper administrative and legislative steps should be taken to ensure that the people of Northern Areas enjoy their above rights under the Constitution.”

“…As regards the right to access to justice through an independent judiciary, it may be observed that the Northern Areas has a Chief Court, which can be equated with a High Court provided it is manned by the persons or the statute who are fit to be elevated as Judges to any High Court in Pakistan. Its jurisdiction is to be enlarged as to include jurisdiction to entertain Constitutional Petitions inter alia to enforce the Fundamental Rights enshrined in the Constitution…”

“…To initiate appropriate administrative/legislative measures within a period of six months from today to make necessary amendments in the Constitution/ relevantstatute/statues/order/orders/rules/notification/notifications, to ensure that the people of Northern Areas enjoy their above fundamental rights, namely, to be governed through their chosen representatives and to have access to justice through an independent judiciary inter alia for enforcement of their Fundamental Rights guaranteed under the Constitution.

The Government’s Initiatives

In the light of the Supreme Court’s decision, the government prepared a package for the Northern Areas. General (R) Abdul Majeed Malik, the then Minister for Kashmir Affairs and Northern Areas made a detailed visit of the area and met important personalities. On October 2, 1999, he announced that government was soon bringing a constitutional reforms package, through which the Northern Areas Council will be turned into Northern Areas Legislative Council.

In order to implement the package through the elected representatives the federal government also announced the holding of elections for the Council and local bodies. The government’s proposed actions were still being discussed, when the Army took over on October 12, 1999. The new government however stood by the decision of elections as scheduled. Elections were held under the supervision of the military. Amendment in the “Legal Frame Work Order 1994” was however, made after about 9 months (7 July, 2000). Main features of the amendment are:

• Northern Area Council was renamed “Northern Area Legislative Council”, and was authorized legislation in 40 items;
• Council’s membership was raised to 29. Five seats were reserved for women – one elected indirectly, from each district;
• “Chief Executive” will not be from amongst the Council members;
• Speaker, elected by the majority of the Council members, will preside over council’s meetings;
• Council members will no more be empowered to approve development schemes;
• Deputy Chief Executive will be authorized to transfer officers of grade 18, but not the Deputy Commissioner or the Superintendent of Police. For that he will have to get prior approval of the Chief Secretary. The Chief Secretary will be authorized to transfer officers upto grade 17.
• It was expected that the “package” would lead to the setting up of local government, and powers will be devolved accordingly. However it became clear that the bureaucracy is powerful as usual in the new self-contradicting package. It is obvious that unless the Deputy Chief Executive is not enabled to exercise full financial and administrative powers, he will not be able to show any meaningful performance in public service. The package did provide for apparent protocol for the high authorities, but the real transfer of power and decision-making still does not rest with the elected representatives. That is the highly negative aspect of the package.

Possible Scenarios

• What then should be done? Various suggestions made so far by different schools and quarters for the future status of NA are presented here summarily, as follows:
• Northern Areas be merged with Azad Kashmir to make “One unit”, and people of the area be given due representations in the Azad Kashmir Assembly and Kashmir Council; The proposal also seeks to expand the AJ&K High court and Supreme court Jurisdiction to NA. Moreover it also suggests to amend AJ&K constitution (1974) making it mandatory to have either PM or President from the NA and necessary legislation to allow rather encourage AJ&K political parties to work in NA.
• The N. Areas be made fifth province of Pakistan;
• Northern Areas be made self-governing separate unit, like Azad Kashmir;
• The Areas be directly administered by the federal government, as done in case of FATA.

Before any meaningful discussion on the above suggestions, we need to know what various political parties, religious groups, both from AK and NAs. the Azad Kashmir government and the federal Ministry of Kashmir had to say about the future of the area. This would help in establishing correct perspective. Religious and Political Parties and their Position As said earlier, facing political vacuum, masses in the Northern Areas could not get generally organized on political lines. This however, made easier their division and organization on sectarian basis. Over the past 55 years, the Sunni-Shia division has become firmly established. Parties speaking for a sect have assumed high importance. Therefore, the position of these sects and groups has become equally important about the future status of the area. We have briefly reviewed the viewpoint of major groups in the following:

Sectarian Groups Shia School of Thought: This school has two sub-groups: Anjuman Ahle-Tashia was established before the Partition (1947) and is registered under Societies Act. Its major activity is establishment and running of madaris and masajid . Since 1980 it also started working for securing Shia political rights. It is quite effective in its community.

Tahrik-e-Ja’fria Pakistan : Tahrik is a sister organization of the said Anjuman Ahle-Tashia ; it may rather be called Anjuman’s political front. In the 1994 setup, two Advisors were taken from Tahrik. The Deputy Chief Executive elected on July 28, 2000, Fida Mohammad Nashad also belong to the Tahrik-e-Ja’fria.

Both the Shia organizations demand to make Northern Areas, the fifth province of Pakistan. They claim that historically the areas never belonged to Kashmir, nor they have anything common in culture. They also argue that it was the people of the Northern Areas who themselves overthrew Dogra Raj and got the areas annexed with Pakistan. Pakistan accepted the annexation, but conditions at that time warranted not to announce it; mainly because the Foreign Office considered that as and when plebiscite is held people of the area will cast their vote in favour of Pakistan.

The two organizations have also expressed apprehension many a time that if made part of Kashmir, Northern Areas will remain backward and disadvantaged, because being less developed they would never be in a position to compete with more developed Kashmiris.

Sunni School of Thought: Tanzeem-e-Ahle-Sunnah wal Jamaat : Established as a social welfare organization in 1980 represents the Sunni sect. Its original purpose was the establishment and administration of Masajid and Madaris . However, when sectarian clashes started in 1980, Tanzeem became the political and religious party of the Sunnis, and was practically accepted in that position as representative of Sunnis.

The organization supports the option that together with Azad Kashmir, the Northern Areas should form one unit. Tanzeem views that by bringing the two areas together, Sunnis will command majority, and otherwise they will remain minority in the Northern Areas.

Ahle-Sunnah also express the fear, that the freedom movement in the occupied Kashmir is passing through a critical phase. Separate identity or administrative structure for the Northern Areas will adversely affect the movement therefore, any such decision i.e. making NAs a separate unit, should be avoided.

Tanzeem-e-Ahle-Sunnah considers that if Northern Areas are merged with Azad Kashmir, the people of the area will have the opportunity of direct participation in the Kashmir struggle, which is their religious obligation. Once freedom won, Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas will ultimately become part of Pakistan. In this background, when the Azad Kashmir High Court gave its verdict that Azad Kashmir government should take over “administrative” control of the Northern Areas, the decision was widely welcomed by the Ahle-Sunnah.

A section of Ahl-e-Sunnah also argues that Northern Areas have very small population (about a million) and therefore making the area a province is not practical.

Political Parties’ stand

• Jama’at-e-Islami: Jama’at does not appeal on the sectarian basis. Nevertheless, being an Islamic Movement, a good number of religious-minded people are attached to it. Established initially in AJ & K the Jama’at is the only party active under one organization both in Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas.

Jama’at-e-Islami also favours one unit of AK and NA. Jama’at believes that Kashmir will soon be free and if therefore, the two areas are merged in one unit it will strengthen the freedom movement, will make things more difficult for India and thus will bring the freedom target closer. As regards to the grassroots problems Jama’at is of the view that simple constitutional and administrative reforms will not suffice to solve the problems of the area. There is infact, need to bring change at the leadership level in the country at large, and to set a government and a society based on justice (adl).

• Pakistan Peoples Party: Pakistan Peoples Party is a considerable force in the Northern Areas politics. It has generally enjoyed good representation in the Northern Area Council. Its principle stand is that government can restore rights of the people without damaging the cause of Kashmir. And, that government should act according to the spirit of the Supreme Court decision.
• Pakistan Muslim League: Pakistan Muslim League has also been prominent in the electoral politics of Northern Areas. The party says;
• Northern Areas be given a government on the pattern of Azad Kashmir; and
• “Chief Executive” should be a local person and elected by the representative members of the Council.

Regional and Nationalist Groups

Nationalist parties have negligible role in the Northern Areas politics. They have neither been successful in playing any significant role in solving the public problems, nor had representation of any size in the N.A. Legislative (or Advisory) Council. However, the Indian media is quite active in projecting and publicizing their views. This special background makes it necessary to understand what is their position and stance on the issue.

• Mutahidda Qaumi Party: The party is headed by Major (R) Hussain Shah, who says: “We want to have our own elected Chief Executive. Governance, including judicial, administrative and education system, should rest with the local people. However, Pakistan may retain defense, currency and foreign affairs till the plebiscite is held in Jammu and Kashmir.”
• Balawaristan National Front: The Front does not consider NAs to be part of Kashmir. They demand elections in NA under the supervision of United Nations. Claiming that both India and Pakistan do not want to let loose their respective hold over Kashmir and Northern Areas, the BNF suggests a “practical” solution, as they call it, for the world community. Accordingly, Azad Kashmir, Northern Areas, Srinagar, Jammu, and Ladakh are to be declared five separate and independent states and then brought into a “federation”. Plebiscite then be carried under the auspices of the United Nations in all these states to ascertain whether they would; (i) maintain the federation; (ii) join Pakistan; or (iii) join India. The majority vote of each state is to decide its fate58.
• Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front: The organization is one of those who exist in all parts of Jammu and Kashmir. Its president in the Northern Areas, Zia-ul Haq says: “Jammu and Kashmir is an indivisible entity. The U.N. Security Councils’ permanent members U.S., U.K, China, France and Russia should form a Kashmir Committee that should work under the supervision of UN Secretary General. The Committee should declare Kashmir free and independent for 15 years. Plebiscite be held after that period, and any majority decision of the people will be acceptable to us.

Other Important Organizations

• Northern Areas Bar Council: The NAs Bar Council although not a political party but has an important role in the struggle for basic rights of the people and their constitutional position in NAs. A very important development took place when at the Bar level, lawyers belonging to different parties adopted a joint stand on the issue. Bar’s stand as stated by its President Sher Wali Advocate is as follows:

People of the Northern Areas are unanimous that their basic human rights be restored. The resolution of the Northern Areas High Court Bar Association is fully supported by all the people of Northern Areas. The first priority is that Northern Areas be declared fifth province of the country. Second option may be establishment of a government like AJ & K. If the two proposals are considered impractical, then Azad Kashmir and Gilgit and Baltistan are declared one unit.

No one can deny our commitment, loyalty and sacrifices for Kashmir. It is not possible to overlook the participation of the people of Northern Areas in the plebiscite. Yet, until the plebiscite is held, the Northern Areas should necessarily have an ad-hoc political and democratic structure.

All Parties Mutahidda Council: The Mutahidda Council of 12 political and religious parties says:

Northern Areas be given a provisional constitution like the Azad Kashmir, in the light of the decision of the Supreme Court of Pakistan till the final solution of the Kashmir dispute. Under that constitution, legislative assembly, executive and judiciary be established… Moreover Northern Areas be given representation in the Kashmir Council on party basis. Or else, Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas should have common Senate and there should be one President for both the areas.

• AJ&K Leadership: All political parties, including the ruling groups in AJ&K, maintain a unanimous position about Northern Areas. In the context of the future of Northern Areas, frequently held All Parties Conferences expressed consensus position that: “Northern Areas are part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir and may be merged in Azad Kashmir.”

As a matter of fact the Azad Kashmir people and their leadership have deep attachment with the Northern Areas. They oppose declaring the area a province, because that paves the way to division of Kashmir. The question is however pertinent that why did then Azad Kashmir government entered into agreement with government of Pakistan for the latter to take administrative control of the area? The prominent Kashmiri journalist (late) Mir Abdul Aziz makes the following explanation:

Leadership in Azad Kashmir felt that plebiscite was a matter of few months, so there was no harm handing over Northern Areas to Pakistan.

It was in this context that the Azad Kashmir Assembly passed the resolution that says:

In the opinion of this House, it was an historical reality that Gilgit and Baltistan form part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. And at the end of 100 years Dogra subjugation and establishment of Azad Jammu and Kashmir government, the area was only temporarily handed over to Pakistan to run the administrative affairs, … and that according to the Security Council resolutions, the future of Jammu and Kashmir, including Gilgit and Baltistan, was yet to be decided through a free and fair plebiscite… This House demands from the government of Pakistan, that Gilgit and Baltistan be given representation in the Azad Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly. To provide political and social justice to the people of the area, the Azad Kashmir High Court’s jurisdiction be extended to Northern Areas so that the people of the area avail the benefit of freedom and enabled to shoulder future responsibilities.

The Dilemma

As noted earlier, Pakistan’s official policy seems subject to confusion and uncertainty, particularly after 1980. The main reason being the strategic importance of the Northern Areas and hence a section of the government of Pakistan has always wished that the areas be merged with Pakistan. In particular about Gilgit Agency the Interior and Foreign Ministries have since November 1947, been thinking on these lines. The Interior Ministry argues that the Agency has not been under administrative control of Maharaja Kashmir. The British held and administered these areas like other political agencies of the tribal areas. Hence, with the British gone, Gilgit Agency gets automatically transferred to Pakistan. And, as the people of the area have themselves opted to join Pakistan, the legal requirement has also been met.

Another historic fact is that Khan Abdul Qayyum Khan, the first Chief Minister of NWFP who being a Kashmiri, was himself active in the Kashmir struggle, had proposed in 1947 that Gilgit Agency be transferred to Governor NWFP, like any tribal area thus overtime, the Agency would have become part of North West Frontier Province.

The Foreign Office did not agree to the proposal at that time. It felt that be it for only name sake, but Maharaja Kashmir exercised authority over Gilgit, it should not therefore be considered independent of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Also, the possibility of plebiscite under the auspices of United Nations was still there. Then why should the Gilgit Agency’s “vote bank” be lost?

The above dilemma still persists, and can be seen in the initiatives of various government organs in their respective spheres. Gilgit Agency is sometimes shown on the survey maps, as part of Pakistan while on some other occasions it is clubbed with the disputed state of Jammu and Kashmir.

The Ministry of Kashmir Affairs blocked political parties of Azad Kashmir to go into Gilgit and Baltistan. Late K.H. Khurshid was not allowed entry into Gilgit. One of the statements by president and the founder of the government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Sardar Mohammad Ibrahim in this regard is worth noting. He says:

“As and when we tried to go there, we were blocked. Such actions by the Ministry of Kashmir Affairs were considered to mean that people of the two areas (Kashmir and N.A.) should not be let to forge close relations.”

As said, the government of Pakistan was very sensitive because of the strategic importance of the area. Some top-level policy-makers have been privately expressing that there was the possibility of Kashmir getting independent or some such other arrangement that would also include Northern Areas. In such a situation, Pakistan will be deprived of these areas of strategic importance as well. On the other hand, there is the will to liberate whole Kashmir, for which a movement is already there. Therefore, the government of Pakistan seems to have no clear-cut stand and is facing a situation of what to do. As a result the people of the Northern Areas suffer a lot.”

Ministry of Kashmir Affairs’ Position The Ministry/Division of Kashmir Affairs has been enjoying exclusive powers to govern these areas since 1950. Most of the people representing the political leadership of the Northern Areas, are of the view that such extraordinary powers are unique in the country and therefore they blame that constitutional ambiguity about the areas, is being deliberately maintained. They claim that it is this ambiguity that creates a vacuum of political system and gives the bureaucrats an opportunity to directly rule the area. They also view that the general resentment found among the people of Northern Areas is in fact, due to lack of vision of the ministry’s officials resulting in ill-conceived policies and mishandling of various issues by them. As a result the issue of people’s rights remains unsettled.

Another important factor is the, large-scale smuggling being done through the adjacent China border. The local people allege that a number of bureaucrats have their share in the ‘benefits’ arising out of such activities and therefore would never like to leave the present powers they are enjoying67.

Summary and Recommendations Historically Northern Areas belong to the state of Jammu and Kashmir, yet a considerable section of the population of the area prefers to have separate administrative system, rather than joining Azad Kashmir. Three factors can be noted:

• Despite being historically part of the same state there has been lack of direct contact between the people of AJ&K and the Northern Areas. As a result, the two have distinctly different cultures and speak different languages;
• Over the past 55 years, whether it is politics, economics or education or any other sphere of life, the people of the area have been closely linked with Pakistan. Local people fear that within AJ&K, the Northern Areas will not be enjoying any notable political position. The center of power and authority will be either Srinagar or Muzaffarabad and not the NA;
• The local Shia and Ismaili groups oppose integration with AJ&K, because that will considerably decrease their share in the overall population and they will become insignificant. With the massive social and welfare activities being done by Aga Khan Foundation in the Northern Areas these groups see an increased and enhanced role for themselves in future. That has given the Foundation increasing access and influence.

Despite the above-said factors, the reality however is that any move to merge Northern Areas in Pakistan will mean de-facto division of the state of Kashmir. Pakistan will lose all grounds in its principle stance over the dispute of Kashmir and will not be in a position to take the issue to UN or at any other international forum. Any attempt to disregard the unity of the state of Jammu and Kashmir would damage the struggle in Kashmir and would greatly affect the outcome whenever a plebiscite is held. This is also the reason why the persistent demand by Buddhists from the occupied Ladakh to let them join the Indian Union has never been accepted by the Indian government. Similarly, the demands in the three Hindu majority districts of Jammu (Jammu, Oudhampur, Katho’a) for independent status within the Indian Union have also been refused by India.

Any action by Pakistan towards annexing NA. will give India a justification to merge these areas within its Union and Pakistan having itself so conducted, will not be in a position to even protest against India on doing so. As and when plebiscite is held in Kashmir, Northern Areas being part of Kashmir or even if the present status quo is maintained would in all probability mean an additional one million votes for Pakistan. Once merged into Pakistan people of these areas would become irrelevant and will have no vote at all.

There is thus need to look for a way out ensuring the NA people their constitutional rights other than annexing the NA with Pakistan or making them part of AJ&K. The way out should also in no way affect Pakistan’s historic and principle stand on Kashmir nor give India any chance to divide Kashmir.

The history and politics of the area, Pakistan’s stance concerning the Kashmir dispute, and finally the decision of the Supreme Court, bring forth the following points:

• Northern Areas be accorded special status. They should remain part of Jammu and Kashmir, yet for local administration, there should be elected legislative Council, and independent judiciary;
• People of the Northern Areas be given all those fundamental human rights, that are enjoyed by citizens in any other part of the country or in AJ&K.

Administrative Reforms

Specific reforms are proposed as under:

• The “Chief Executive” should be popularly elected and should be a local;
• The authority of the Deputy Chief Executive should be properly established. He should be directly accountable to the Prime Minister in the federation, and the local level to the NA Legislative Council;
• If the federal government seeks to maintain a non-local and non-representative Chief Executive, then his powers should be symbolic like the provincial governors, and all administrative authority should rest with the Deputy Chief Executive;
• All matters pertaining to NA should be transferred to the Secretariat in Gilgit. Exception with regard to strategic affairs is possible and these can be dealt in the federal secretariat;
• Financial and administrative powers should be handed over to the Northern Area Council;
• Past “packages” could not be properly implemented due to the self-centred difference within the bureaucracy in Islamabad and Gilgit. The losers have been the people of the area. There is need to create harmony within these ranks, and that no one is allowed to join the administration team who favours centralization rather than devolution of authority;
• Local officers should be promoted to take charge of the departments. It will improve efficiency and bridge the gap between people and the administration. To this end, the practice of deputation be discouraged.

Mir, G.M. (1996). Jammu-o-Kashmir ki Jughrafiaiy Haqiqtain. Lahore: Maqtaba Dastan Ltd . p. 29.

Sarraf, Justice Yousaf. (1979). Kashmiris Fight for Freedom. Lahore: Feroze Sons. pp. 1293-1294.

Op. cit. Jammu and Kashmir … p. 29.

AJ & K High Court Verdict on Gilgit and Baltistan, p. 4.

Brown, William A. The Gilgit Rebellion . London. p. 219.

Op. cit. Kashmiris Fight for Freedom … p. 1293-1294.

AJ & K High Court Verdict on Gilgit and Baltistan, p. 8-14, and Letter of President of Azad Jammu and Kashmir to President of Pakistan, Daily Jang Karachi, March 26, 1989.

AJ & K High Court Verdict on Gilgit and Baltistan, p.203.

The News , Rawalpindi, September 15, 1994.

Al-Jihad Trust v. Federation of Pakistan 1999, SCMR 1379.

Weekly Kasheer, Rawalpindi, No 6, October 31, 2000.

Human Rights Commission of Pakistan’s Newsletter, January 1994, p.23; see also William A. Brown, p. 219-220.

Dani, Ahmad Hassan. (1989). Northern Areas of Pakistan. Islamabad: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research. p. 414.

Khan, Amanullah. (1992). Jehde Musalsal . Rawalpindi: S.S. Combined. p. 77-80.

Op.cit, Northern Areas of Pakistan… p. 416

Salik, S.B.A.‘Sakardu Note Book’. The Nation , Islamabad. July 27. 2000.

The organization was established in Gilgit with the name of Tanzeem-e-Millat in 1971. The objective of the organization was to eliminate the state’s system in the Northern Areas and to give NA the status of a province.

Newsletter, p. 23-24.

Op. cit, Ahmad Hassan Dani, p. 419.

S.B.A. Salik, Sakardu Note Book , The Nation, Islamabad, July 27, 2000.

Daily Nawai Waqt, Rawalpindi, April 13, 1982.

G.M. Mir, “Future of Gilgit and Baltistan”, Daily Nawai Waqt, Rawalpindi, October 19, 1982.

Weekly Mag, Karachi, July 1–7, 1982

Op.cit G. M. Mir…

Taj Naeem, “New Reforms Packages for Northern Areas-I” , The Muslim , Islamabad, June 12, 1994.

Taj Naeem, “New Reforms Packages for Northern Areas-II” , The Muslim , Islamabad,  June 16, 1994.

Op.cit, Taj Naeem … Part-I …

Op. cit, S.B.A. Salik…

“The Decision of Supreme Court of Pakistan,” May 28, 1999 ( Supreme Court Monthly Review , Vol. XXXII, p. 1401

Bahadur Ali Salik, “Northern Areas Package a Joke with People ”, The Nation , June 15, 2000.

Daily Jang Rawalpindi , Sunday Magazine, June 25, 2000, p. 6-7.

Daily Nawai Waqt, Rawalpindi, February 25, 1998, Report of All Parties Conference.

Mir Abdul Aziz, “Rights of the People of Northern Areas,” The Muslim , Islamabad, December 7, 1992.

Verdict on Gligit and Baltistan , p. 18.

Mukhtar Hassan, “Neglected Northern Areas,” daily Jasarat , Karachi, October 24, 1992.

Interview: Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan, Quarterly Channar , Karachi, October 24, 1990.

On the other hand non-Ismailis/Shia groups apprehend in this background that if Northern Areas are made a province, or given such a separate status then (seeing that Shia and Ismailis are already in majority in Wakhan and Chitral), all these areas can in future, be grouped into an “Ismaili State.”

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Northern Areas: A Paradise for Nature Lovers and Adventure Seekers

Fatima Mushtaq

The Northern Areas is an administrative region of Pakistan, with its capital in Gilgit. It is home to the Karakoram Range, which boasts more than sixty peaks with heights above 7,000 meters. Northern Pakistan, also known as Small Pakistan, is a specific tourism region located in the northern and northwestern parts of Pakistan.

It comprises Gilgit-Baltistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and the Pothohar Plateau in Punjab. The Northern Areas are the most remarkable and captivating region of Pakistan, where the three famous mountain ranges, the Hindukush, the Himalayas, and the Karakoram, meet. The northern areas of Pakistan attract tourists due to their abundance of beautiful meadows, snow-capped peaks, mountains, lakes, trees, and glaciers. Geographically, the Northern Areas are administratively divided into two divisions, which are further divided into seven districts. The two Baltistan districts are Ghanch and Skardu, and the five Gilgit districts are Gilgit, Diamer, Ghizer, Astore, and Hunza-Nagar. Gilgit-Baltistan is the northernmost region of Pakistan. The best time to visit the northern areas is from June to August when the weather is warm, and the plants and flowers are in full bloom, providing a great experience for nature enthusiasts. The northern areas are generally cold due to their high altitude, although the temperature is somewhat higher on the Balochistan plateau. The coastal areas are influenced by sea breezes. The northern areas of Pakistan have been a peaceful tourist region for decades, with only a few incidents of harassment reported. Most travelers have had easy and safe experiences in Hunza. Chapursan Valley is a remote and beautiful valley in the northern areas of Pakistan.

The northern areas of Pakistan have several features that attract tourists. They are blessed with plenty of meadows, snow-capped peaks, valleys, mountains, tall trees, lakes, rivers, grassy lands, beautiful weather, and snowfall, among others. It is in this region that the Himalayas, the Hindu Kush, and the Karakoram mountain ranges meet. Hunza Valley is a particularly beautiful tourist destination, offering a rich history, culture, and colorful traditions. The beautiful environment and cool temperatures, even in summer, are among the key attractions. The northern areas allow visitors to witness the beauty of the world and experience different aspects of nature.

Islamabad : The federal territory of Islamabad is considered part of northern Pakistan due to its mountainous region straddling the Himalayas, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush ranges. It is home to some of the highest peaks and longest glaciers outside the Polar Regions.

Murree: A mountain resort city located in the Galyat region of the PirPanjal Range, Murree is known as Pakistan’s most recognized hill station. It offers breathtaking scenery and a cool climate, making it a popular destination throughout the year.

NaranKaghan: Situated along the flow of the River Kunhar, this valley is renowned for its glaciers, crystal-clear lakes, waterfalls, and frosty mountain streams. Naran Valley is adjacent to Kaghan Valley, and both are collectively referred to as Kaghan-Naran.

Hunza: Among the most beautiful areas of Pakistan, Hunza Valley is often called “Heaven on Earth.” It is a mountainous valley located in the region of Gilgit-Baltistan and is known for its snow-capped mountains and rugged landscapes. Hunza Valley is divided into three regions: Upper Hunza, Central Hunza, and Lower Hunza, each consisting of various villages and towns.

Khunjerab Pass: The highest pass in Pakistan, Khunjerab Pass serves as the border between China and Pakistan. Located in the Karakoram Range, it is the highest concrete international crossing point and the highest point on the Karakoram Highway.

Gilgit-Baltistan: A mountainous region bordering Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Azad Kashmir, China, and India, Gilgit-Baltistan is famous for its natural beauty, including snow-capped mountains, cold deserts, and lush forests. It is a popular destination for mountaineers, trekkers, and landscape enthusiasts. Notable peaks in the region include K2, Nanga Parbat, and Rakaposhi.

Fairy Meadows: Located near the base camp of Nanga Parbat in the Diamer District of Gilgit-Baltistan, Fairy Meadows is beautiful grassland known for its stunning views and proximity to the ninth tallest mountain in the world. It is surrounded by alpine trees and offers a picturesque setting.

Skardu: Skardu is a city situated in Gilgit-Baltistan, known for its high mountains, blue waters, and rich cultural heritage. It serves as a gateway to the Gilgit-Baltistan region and offers various attractions, including lakes, forts, and national parks. Skardu is famous among mountaineers and climbers.

Chitral Valley: Located in the northern area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Chitral Valley is renowned for its natural beauty, simplicity of its residents, and unique culture. It is nestled in the Hindukush range and offers attractions such as forts, polo grounds, and the famous Kalash Valley.

Swat Valley: Known as the “Switzerland of Pakistan,” Swat Valley is celebrated for its snow-capped mountains and scenic landscapes. It has undergone significant security improvements in recent years, making it a popular tourist destination. Mingora, the largest district in Swat, offers attractions like the Swat Museum and Mingora City Bazaar.

Kalam Valley : Located in the northern part of the Swat Valley, Kalam Valley is known for its picturesque beauty, stunning mountains, and proximity to the Swat River. It offers a unique flora and fauna and is a popular destination for nature lovers.

Kumrat Valley: Situated in the Upper Dir district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Kumrat Valley is known for its natural beauty, including lush green forests, snow-capped mountains, rivers, and waterfalls. It attracts tourists with its foggy mountains and captivating scenery.

These are just a few of the many incredible places to visit in the northern areas of Pakistan, each offering its own distinct charm and natural wonders. The Northern Areas of Pakistan, with its administrative capital in Gilgit, is a region of outstanding beauty and captivating landscapes. This specific tourism region comprises Gilgit-Baltistan, Azad Kashmir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and the Pothohar Plateau in Punjab. The Northern Areas are characterized by the convergence of three world-famous mountain ranges: the Hindukush, the Himalayas, and the Karakoram. This region attracts tourists from around the world due to its abundance of stunning meadows, snow peaks, mountains, lakes, and glaciers. The Northern Areas of Pakistan are a treasure trove of natural wonders, cultural heritage, and warm hospitality. With its diverse range of attractions and breathtaking landscapes, this region continues to attract tourists from around the world, providing them with an unforgettable experience amidst the splendor of nature. At the end, I thank to Respected Sir Dr. Muhammad Akram Zaheer for his valuable source of guidance to write this piece. He generously shared his time and knowledge, providing me with valuable feedback and constructive criticism that has significantly improved the quality of my work. His patience, encouragement, and willingness to engage in meaningful discussions have been truly inspiring.

BS Health and Nutrition

University of Okara

[email protected]

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Travel Guide to Northern Areas of Pakistan

Exploring the untamed beauty: a travel guide to the northern areas of pakistan.

Welcome to Pakistan’s magnificent north, a region filled with majestic mountains, sparkling lakes, verdant valleys, and kind residents. The northern part of Pakistan, which is tucked away in the Himalayas, is a haven for nature lovers, thrill seekers, and those looking for an exceptional travel experience. Let’s take a virtual trip to explore the beauties of Pakistan’s northern regions, from the snow-capped peaks of K2 to the tranquil serenity of the Hunza Valley.

Islamabad: Gateway to Adventure

Islamabad , Pakistan’s capital city, makes for the ideal starting place for your tour. Before proceeding to the northern regions, spend some time viewing the city’s sights, including the Pakistan Monument, Daman-e-Koh, and the Faisal Mosque. Stock up on necessities and get ready for a thrilling excursion.

Fairy Meadows: A Gateway to Heaven

Fairy Meadows , a location right out of a fairytale, is where you first arrive. Located at the foot of Nanga Parbat, the ninth-highest mountain in the world, Fairy Meadows is a lush green meadow encircled by steep mountains. Trek to Nanga Parbat Base Camp to see the magnificent sunrise and take in the unspoiled splendor of this uninhabited sanctuary.

Hunza Valley: A Gem in the Himalayas

Your next stop is the fabled Hunza Valley , sometimes known as Heaven on Earth. Get ready to be mesmerized by Rakaposhi stunning views and Attabad Lake’s alluring blue waters. Discover the historic Baltit and Altit Forts, savor the regional food, and take in the welcoming Hunza culture.

Skardu: Gateway to the Giants

As you continue north, you will come to Skardu , which serves as a gateway to some of the highest mountains in the world, including K2 and Broad Peak. Take an exciting jeep safari to the Shigar and Khaplu Valleys, where you’ll be rewarded with breathtaking scenery and a look at the vibrant culture of the area. Visit the magnificent Shangrila Resort and the storied Kharpocho Fort without fail.

Gilgit: Where Cultures Converge

Continue on your journey to Gilgit, the northern region’s cultural center. This thriving city is well-known for its colorful bazaars, prehistoric rock carvings, and the Gilgit River that runs through it. Investigate the surrounding Naltar Valley, well-known for its vibrant lakes and skiing chances, and get to know the fascinating fusion of cultures that exist here.

Khunjerab Pass: Roof of the World

Without visiting Khunjerab Pass, which is situated on the Pakistan-China border, no travel to the northern regions would be complete. This is one of the world’s highest border crossings, rising above 4,500 meters. Witness the meeting of the two major nations, be in awe of the breathtaking Karakoram Range, and make memories that will last a lifetime.

Conclusion:

We sincerely hope that your virtual tour of Pakistan’s northern regions has sparked a desire in you to discover this undiscovered region of the continent. Your soul will be forever changed by the area’s stunning natural surroundings, diverse cultural heritage, and kind inhabitants. Every nook of this area lures visitors looking for adventure, calm, and a profound connection with nature, from the charming meadows to the majestic peaks. Learn about the charm of northern Pakistan and allow it to leave a lasting imprint on your heart. Travel safely.

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10 Days in Northern Pakistan

If you’re considering your first visit to Pakistan and want an itinerary to rival all others, I’ve got you covered. I recently spent 10 days in Northern Pakistan and I had the adventure of a lifetime. If you are planning a visit to Pakistan for the first time, these are the highlights you cannot miss.

Why you should visit Pakistan

Pakistan is one of the most underrated travel destinations for a variety of reasons. Not without its’ problems, Pakistan is known for having a complex and complicated history since it was established in 1947. For that reason I would personally recommend a guided tour for your first visit, though have no reason not to encourage a solo journey given my own experience.

For the sake of clarity, travelling solo (and in particular as a female) in the likes of Bali or Bangkok is very different to travelling solo in Pakistan. If you are new to solo travel I would suggest gaining experience in countries more populated by tourists and indeed, with a more developed approach toward tourism and foreign visitors.

Because I didn’t travel through Pakistan as a solo female, I would suggest reading this post by The Broke Backpacker for further information and clarity given her thorough documentation on the topic (and brilliant coverage of Pakistan!)

This itinerary follows my 10-day adventure throughout Pakistan, starting in Islamabad. The tour was put together by our guide Atta (you can email him here) who works full time as a guide in Northern Pakistan (more on Atta later). 

Islamabad (or Isloo to the locals) is the capital city of Pakistan but not even close to the biggest city. There are a whopping 213 million people in Pakistan and just 1 million in Islamabad. That makes the city great for a stopover and introduction to the country. I’d recommend at least one full day to explore Islamabad, though it wouldn’t hurt to allow for two and take advantage of shaking jet lag at the same time.

Start the day right with one of the best coffees in Islamabad , found at Mocca Cafe in Kohsar Market. While you are there be sure to wander around and begin to experience the local shopping. I would suggest taking advantage of the opportunity to buy a scarf or two, as you will need to wear a scarf when entering mosques and as a general rule, it is a good idea to have on one hand for certain situations that call for covering up as a sign of respect to the local culture.

For a beautiful pashmina (which are in fact from Nepal), head over to Maharaja Handicrafts at F6 markez, school road. For Afghan Handicrafts and antiques head over to the few shops around the corner from Maharaja on Aga Khan Road near the flower shops.

Check in to the Serena Hotel if you want an unforgettable introduction to Pakistani culture, architecture, and opulent interiors inside what is considered the most beautiful hotel in Islamabad. The hotel has all the perks you could ever need, including an outdoor swimming pool, fitness centre and huge restaurant to enjoy a buffet breakfast.

An important note on this itinerary: it relies entirely on this first flight from Islamabad to Skardu, which is unfortunately subject to many cancellations given the weather path entering the mountain ranges in Skardu. Should your flight be cancelled and you are travelling as part of a tour, alternative arrangements will be made for you. If you are travelling on your own accord, I would recommend having a few days of flexibility in case of cancellation, as there is only one flight a day and it is entirely weather dependent.

Unfortunately our trip began in just that fashion: a cancelled flight to Skardu, resulting in a 12 hour drive toward that direction and a prompt in us reversing our itinerary. With a dose of optimism I am hoping the same does not happen to you, so will proceed to share the itinerary as it was originally planned as we still visited all of these places – just in reverse and with much more time in a bus!

On the way to Skardu be sure to request a seat on the left hand side of the plane for the best photo opportunities – you won’t regret it as you enter the mountain ranges in the North!

Once you arrive be sure to stock up on dried apricots, walnuts and almonds for the long journey by road over the coming days. There were days where we would not eat for 12 hours at a time given the remote locations of these towns, so it is better to be prepared! 

Shigar Fort

A couple of hours drive from Skardu and you will arrive at Shigar Fort, one of Northern Pakistan’s most beautiful hotels occupying an old fort. The experience is real and raw – almost so real that it feels as if you have stepped in to a movie set because it is so picturesque. The town itself is also great to walk around during the day amidst the hustle and bustle or you can take a bicycle for a more relaxed afternoon to stretch the legs after your long plane and bus journey. 

If you can time your luck, there may be a local polo match taking place nearby. Ask your guide or one of the locals for updated information – this is a popular sport in the Gilgit-Baltistan region and known popular as “Game of the Kings”.

Khaplu Palace

It is a further three hours drive to reach Khaplu Palace, but this is hands down one of the most beautiful properties to stay in all of Pakistan and indeed, the highlight of my trip. If you have time to spend more than one night, this property is best enjoyed at a slower pace. Be sure to make use of the guided palace tour as there is much to learn about the history of the palace and its surrounds. 

The Royal High Tea is an experience not to be forgotten and is served on a terrace overlooking the palace grounds and has sweeping views of the surrounding mountains. If you ask politely the hotel staff may also let you explore the rooftop of the palace, which has 360 degree views over Khaplu. 

If you are feeling more active and adventurous, there is a great panoramic view to be had at Thoqsikhar , a two hour hike from the palace. Ask the hotel to pack a picnic lunch or start your journey early in the morning with the sun and return to the palace for a relaxed lunch in the gardens.

If you have time the day you are checking out, consider stopping at Bara , a small town just 20 minutes from Khaplu and en route to your next destination: Gilgit. Here you will find a wool spinning and weave centre that trains and supports local women. This is also a great place to purchase a local Baltistani topi.

It is a lengthy drive from Khaplu to Gilgit, so be sure to leave in good time if you wish to see Gilgit before dark and perhaps even take a hike to the water channel above the city that offers views of the valley below and also features the victory monument of Taj Mughul as well as the 7th century Kargah Buddha rock carving . Whilst in Gilgit we stayed at the Serena Hotel and I was starting to realise how much I appreciated these beautiful hotels being all across Pakistan! They were extremely welcoming and felt like coming home. Buffet breakfasts were a highlight as were the interiors, always dedicated to the local area and paying tribute to influences in Central Asia.

Karimabad, Hunza

If you are going to spend a few days in any one place, I would highly recommend basing yourself for a few days in the Hunza Valley. Renowned for its charm, cleanliness and 995 literacy rate, Hunza is commonly regarded as one of the most beautiful cities to visit in the North of Pakistan.

If you’re feeling peckish, start your day at Cafe de Hunza for a slice of famous walnut cake with an iced latte (which is actually a frappe for ye Westerners) and so refreshing after days and days of instant coffee! 

There are many towns to explore in Hunza, but with limited time we made our way to Gulmit, one of the highlights in the Hunza Valley. Here there are a number of women’s initiatives and it was one of the few cities where we saw women in the streets. To support local communities, some great items to purchase as souvenirs or gifts to take home are apricot creams and oils, gem stones, woollen shawls and woodcraft. You will find many artisans and shop keepers on the streets who are more than willing to help (many of which speak perfect English) and not once was I hassled to buy anything throughout my time in Pakistan.

Not too far from Hunza, I would highly recommend a visit to Attabad lake . This lake appeared  after a landslide that killed 20 people known as the Attabad disaster. The lake collects glacial silt from the surrounding mountains, resulting in its turquoise blue colour in Spring and Summer. Further down the road edging closer to the border with China is the rickety bridge known as “The Indiana Jones Bridge” for its likeness, though it never appeared in the films. It is totally worth a visit but not for the faint hearted!

Karakoram Highway

Considered to be one of the greatest engineering accomplishments of the 20th century, the Karakoram Highway connects Pakistan and China and is one of the highlights of Northeastern Pakistan. The entire journey is 805 miles long but you don’t need to drive the entire way to experience some of the epic scenery that takes you through hair-raising turns, endless mountain ranges and many small villages where locals will wave as you pass by.

Fairy Meadows

If adventure travel is more your style and you’re ready for one wild ride, do not miss the chance to jump on the jeeps and make your way to fairy Meadows along a steep cliff edge. After a one hour drive to the end of the road, it is just a 1.5-2 hour hike to the Fairy Meadows camp, which is a popular stop en route to the Base Camp for Nanga Parbat.

If time is on your side you might consider embarking on the trek to base camp the following morning – according to my guide this was a further 10-12 hour hike with basic lodging at base camp. The Swiss-style cabins at Fairy Meadows are lovely and lush, complete with hot water and electricity! This was a beautiful part of the world to wake up and enjoy the crisp mountain air so if time is on your side, you may even want to stay an extra night.

Brooke Saward founded World of Wanderlust as a place to share inspiration from her travels and to inspire others to see our world. She now divides her time between adventures abroad and adventures in the kitchen, with a particular weakness for French pastries.

Find me on: Twitter | Instagram | Facebook

Do you know any trusted tour organizers that I could contact? I will be travelling solo and would prefer to have someone with me all the time or join a group.

The places you mentioned are some of the breathtaking places on earth.

Such a beautiful country Pakistan is

Are these places open nowadays?

Let’s visit hunza together

Totally agree with the writer about 10 days itinerary in Northern Pakistan Tour. If any one wish to hikes more then just Islamabad Tour, 10 days itinerary is even not enough. We visited Karakorum hike spending 2 weeks time staying in a beautiful lodge trek just for seeing some sights. K2, Broad Peak, Gasherbrum I and Gasherbrum II are the highest peaks of Karakoram Mountain Ranges that are clearly visible if you hikes.

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Exploring the Majestic Beauty of Pakistan’s Northern Areas – A Slice of Heaven

Sarah waqas.

• May 29, 2023
• No Comments

Pakistan’s Northern Areas: A Breathtaking Destination

The Northern Areas of Pakistan, a mesmerizing region nestled amidst the mighty mountain ranges, is a destination that captures the essence of heaven on Earth. With its breathtaking landscapes, majestic peaks, and vibrant culture, it has become a haven for nature enthusiasts, adventure seekers, and those seeking solace in the lap of nature. Embarking on a journey through the Northern Areas is like stepping into a dreamland, where every corner unfolds a new vista of awe-inspiring beauty and serenity.

As you venture into the Northern Areas, you will be greeted by the grandeur of the Himalayas and the Karakoram Range, which dominate the skyline with their snow-capped peaks that seem to touch the heavens. These majestic mountains, often referred to as the “Roof of the World,” offer a dramatic backdrop to the region’s stunning valleys, crystal-clear lakes, and meandering rivers. From the fairy-tale-like Hunza Valley to the enchanting Lake Saif-ul-Malook, the Northern Areas showcase nature’s masterpieces at every turn.

Beyond its natural wonders, the Northern Areas boast a rich cultural heritage that is as captivating as its landscapes. The region is home to diverse ethnic groups, each with its distinct traditions, languages, and customs. The warmth and hospitality of the locals will leave an indelible mark on your journey, as they welcome you with open arms and proudly share their cultural traditions, music, and craftsmanship. From attending vibrant festivals to exploring ancient archaeological sites, immersing yourself in the cultural tapestry of the Northern Areas is an enriching experience.

For adventure enthusiasts, the Northern Areas offer a playground like no other. Trekking through the rugged trails, conquering towering peaks, and camping under the starlit sky are just a few of the thrilling adventures that await. You can challenge yourself with exhilarating activities like river rafting, paragliding, and even skiing in some areas during the winter season. Wildlife safaris and jeep tours provide an opportunity to witness the region’s rich biodiversity, where rare species thrive in protected areas and national parks.

As you embark on this unforgettable journey, prepare your taste buds for a culinary delight. The Northern Areas boast a distinct gastronomic scene, with flavors that reflect the region’s cultural heritage. From hearty meat dishes like seekh kebabs and aromatic biryanis to traditional breads and refreshing fruit juices, indulging in the local delicacies is an essential part of the Northern Areas experience.

To make the most of your visit, consider the best time to explore the Northern Areas, ensuring you witness the stunning landscapes in their full glory. With a range of accommodations available, from cozy guesthouses to luxury resorts, finding a comfortable place to stay amidst the natural splendor is a breeze. It’s also important to respect the local culture and environment, preserving the beauty of the Northern Areas for generations to come.

Prepare to have your senses awakened and your soul rejuvenated as you embark on a journey through Pakistan’s Northern Areas. This slice of heaven on Earth promises a symphony of natural wonders, cultural treasures, and thrilling adventures that will leave an everlasting imprint on your heart and mind. Get ready to explore the majestic beauty that awaits in this enchanting destination.

The Natural Wonders of Pakistan’s Northern Areas

The natural wonders of Pakistan’s Northern Areas are a testament to the awe-inspiring beauty found in this region. From majestic mountains and serene valleys to shimmering lakes and gushing rivers, the landscapes here are nothing short of breathtaking. The towering peaks, some of which are among the highest in the world, create a dramatic backdrop for the lush green valleys and meandering rivers that flow through them.

The pristine lakes, with their crystal-clear waters reflecting the surrounding mountains, add a touch of tranquility to the already captivating scenery.

Exploring these natural wonders is like stepping into a dream, where every step unveils a new vista that leaves visitors in awe of Mother Nature’s splendor.

The Stunning Mountain Ranges

The mountain ranges in Pakistan’s Northern Areas are nothing short of awe-inspiring. These majestic giants dominate the skyline and offer a breathtaking backdrop to the region’s natural beauty. The Himalayas, with their snow-capped peaks, stretch across the northernmost part of Pakistan, creating a magnificent sight that captures the imagination. Towering over the landscape, these mountains include some of the highest peaks in the world, such as K2, the second-highest mountain on Earth.

Another prominent range is the Karakoram Range, known for its dramatic and rugged beauty. It is home to the famous Baltoro Glacier, one of the longest glaciers outside the polar regions, which winds its way through the mountains, showcasing nature’s power and grandeur. The Karakoram Range is also home to several other towering peaks, including Broad Peak and Gasherbrum peaks, which attract mountaineers and adventurers from around the globe.

These mountain ranges not only provide a breathtaking backdrop but also offer opportunities for thrilling adventures. Trekking through the challenging terrains, witnessing the stunning alpine scenery, and conquering the majestic peaks are experiences that draw avid hikers and climbers to this region. The mountains of Pakistan’s Northern Areas are a testament to the Earth’s majestic beauty and inspire awe and admiration in all who lay eyes upon them.

The Mesmerizing Valleys And Lakes

The Northern Areas of Pakistan are blessed with mesmerizing valleys and lakes that seem straight out of a fairytale. One such enchanting valley is the Hunza Valley, known for its surreal beauty and breathtaking landscapes. Nestled amidst the towering mountains, the valley offers panoramic vistas of lush green terraced fields, fruit orchards, and traditional villages. The crystal-clear Hunza River flows through the valley, adding to its charm. Visitors to Hunza Valley are captivated by the stunning views of snow-capped peaks, including Rakaposhi, Ultar Sar, and Diran, which create a magnificent backdrop.

Lake Saif-ul-Malook is another jewel of the Northern Areas, known for its ethereal beauty and captivating legends. Situated in the district of Mansehra, this glacial lake is surrounded by majestic mountains, with the towering peak of Malika Parbat reflecting on its pristine waters. The turquoise color of the lake, particularly during the summer season, is a sight to behold. Legend has it that the lake is inhabited by fairies, adding an aura of mystique to its already captivating allure. Visitors can enjoy boating on the lake, take leisurely walks along its shores, or simply sit back and soak in the magical ambiance.

These valleys and lakes in Pakistan’s Northern Areas offer a retreat from the hustle and bustle of city life. They provide a tranquil escape where visitors can immerse themselves in the serene beauty of nature. Whether it’s witnessing the breathtaking landscapes of the Hunza Valley or being spellbound by the enchantment of Lake Saif-ul-Malook, these natural wonders leave a lasting impression on all who have the privilege of experiencing them.

The Captivating Glaciers

The Northern Areas of Pakistan are home to some of the world’s most captivating glaciers, each a frozen marvel that adds to the region’s natural beauty. Among these icy giants, the Baltoro Glacier and Biafo Glacier stand out as breathtaking spectacles.

The Baltoro Glacier, located in the Karakoram Range, is one of the longest glaciers outside the polar regions. Stretching over 60 kilometers (37 miles), this immense river of ice mesmerizes visitors with its sheer size and grandeur. As you traverse the glacier, you’ll be surrounded by towering peaks, including K2, Broad Peak, and Gasherbrum peaks, which create a surreal and awe-inspiring panorama. The icy blue hues of the glacier contrast with the rugged mountains, creating a mesmerizing visual spectacle. Trekking along the Baltoro Glacier is an adventure of a lifetime, offering a glimpse into the raw power and beauty of nature.

The Biafo Glacier, also located in the Karakoram Range, is equally captivating. Stretching over 63 kilometers (39 miles), it is known as one of the world’s longest non-polar glaciers. The Biafo Glacier is famous for its mesmerizing crevasses, ice formations, and seracs that dot its surface. This frozen wonderland presents a challenging yet rewarding trekking route, known as the Biafo Hispar Snow Lake Trek. The trek takes you through a breathtaking landscape, offering glimpses of stunning peaks, hidden valleys, and frozen lakes along the way.

Both the Baltoro Glacier and Biafo Glacier are not only natural wonders but also serve as gateways to unparalleled adventures. They attract trekkers, mountaineers, and adventure enthusiasts from around the world who seek to witness the majestic beauty and challenge themselves amidst these icy realms. The captivating glaciers of Pakistan’s Northern Areas leave visitors in awe of their immense scale, rugged beauty, and the raw power of nature they represent.

Cultural Heritage And Hospitality

The cultural heritage and hospitality of Pakistan’s Northern Areas are as captivating as its natural beauty. The region is home to diverse ethnic groups, each with its own unique customs, traditions, and way of life. Exploring the cultural heritage of the Northern Areas offers a fascinating glimpse into the rich tapestry of Pakistani society.

The locals in these areas are known for their warm hospitality and welcoming nature. Visitors are often greeted with open arms and treated as honored guests. The people take pride in sharing their traditions, customs, and stories with visitors, offering an immersive experience into the local culture. From traditional music and dance performances to handicraft demonstrations, every interaction showcases the region’s cultural vibrancy.

The architectural heritage of the Northern Areas is also worth exploring. Historic forts, ancient mosques, and traditional houses dot the landscape, displaying intricate craftsmanship and reflecting the region’s rich history. These architectural marvels serve as reminders of the past, with some forts dating back centuries, standing as testaments to the region’s strategic importance.

Hospitality plays a crucial role in the cultural fabric of the Northern Areas. Locals often invite visitors into their homes, offering a glimpse of their daily lives and treating them to traditional meals. The cuisine of the Northern Areas is diverse and flavorful, with unique dishes that reflect the region’s cultural heritage. From hearty meat-based dishes like “chapshuro” to aromatic rice preparations like “yakhni pulao,” the local cuisine is a delight for food enthusiasts.

The Northern Areas also host colorful festivals and events throughout the year, where locals and visitors come together to celebrate their cultural traditions. These festivals provide an opportunity to witness traditional dances, music performances, and religious rituals, offering an immersive cultural experience.

Exploring the cultural heritage and experiencing the hospitality of the gorgeous Northern Areas of Pakistan allows visitors to connect with the local communities, gain a deeper understanding of their way of life, and create lasting memories of the region’s enchanting traditions.

Thrilling Adventures And Outdoor Activities

The Northern Areas of Pakistan offer thrilling adventures and a wide range of outdoor activities for adrenaline seekers. Whether you’re a trekking enthusiast, a mountaineer, or someone seeking exhilarating experiences, this region has something to offer for everyone.

Trekking is a popular activity in the Northern Areas, with numerous trails that traverse the stunning landscapes. From gentle walks through picturesque valleys to challenging treks that lead to high-altitude mountain passes, there are options for all levels of hikers. The Karakoram and Himalayan ranges provide a dramatic backdrop for these treks, offering breathtaking views of snow-capped peaks, glacial lakes, and cascading waterfalls. The famous K2 Base Camp trek and the Nanga Parbat Base Camp trek are among the most sought-after routes for adventure enthusiasts.

For mountaineers, the Northern Areas present a world of opportunities. The region is home to some of the world’s highest peaks, including K2, the second-highest mountain on Earth. Climbing these majestic peaks is a challenging endeavor that requires skill, experience, and physical endurance. Mountaineers from around the globe are drawn to the Northern Areas to conquer these summits and push their limits.

Camping in the Northern Areas offers a unique experience, allowing you to immerse yourself in the pristine natural surroundings. Whether you choose to camp near a glacial lake, along a riverbank, or amidst a picturesque valley, spending a night under the starry sky is a truly memorable experience. The serene atmosphere, away from the hustle and bustle of city life, provides a peaceful retreat in nature’s embrace.

For those seeking adrenaline-pumping water adventures, river rafting in the Northern Areas is an exhilarating experience. The swirling rapids of rivers like the Indus and Gilgit offer thrilling rafting opportunities, allowing you to navigate through the gushing waters while surrounded by awe-inspiring landscapes. The rushing river, the splash of water, and the sense of adventure combine to create an unforgettable experience.

Paragliding is another popular activity that allows you to soar above the valleys and get a bird’s-eye view of the stunning landscapes. With experienced instructors and suitable launch sites, paragliding in the Northern Areas offers a unique perspective and an adrenaline rush like no other.

Whether you choose to trek through the rugged terrains, conquer towering peaks, camp under the starry sky, brave the rapids, or glide through the air, the Northern Pakistan offer an abundance of thrilling adventures and outdoor activities. These experiences allow you to connect with nature, challenge yourself, and create lifelong memories of adrenaline-fueled escapades.

Best Time To Visit The Northern Areas Of Pakistan

The best time to visit the Northern Areas of Pakistan depends on the specific activities and experiences you’re looking for. Generally, the summer months from May to September are considered the peak tourist season due to pleasant weather conditions and accessibility to various regions. However, each season has its own unique charm and offers different opportunities. Here’s a breakdown of the seasons:

• Summer (May to September): This is the most popular time to visit the Northern Areas. The weather is generally mild and pleasant, with temperatures ranging from 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) in the lower valleys. It’s an ideal time for trekking, mountaineering, camping, and other outdoor activities. Most roads and mountain passes are open during this season, allowing easier access to different regions.
• Autumn (October to November): Autumn brings stunning foliage as the leaves change color, creating a picturesque landscape. The temperatures start to cool down, ranging from 10°C to 25°C (50°F to 77°F). It’s a great time for hiking and exploring the valleys, as the weather is still pleasant, and the tourist crowds are thinner compared to the summer season.
• Winter (December to February): Winter transforms the Northern Areas into a winter wonderland, especially in higher altitudes. The mountains are covered in snow, creating a magical atmosphere. However, the region experiences harsh weather conditions during winter, with temperatures dropping below freezing point. It’s an ideal time for winter sports enthusiasts, such as skiing and snowboarding, but road closures and limited accessibility to certain areas should be taken into account.
• Spring (March to April): Spring brings new life to the Northern Areas as flowers bloom and the valleys become lush and vibrant. The weather starts to warm up, with temperatures ranging from 10°C to 20°C (50°F to 68°F). It’s a beautiful time to witness the blossoming cherry and apricot trees, enjoy nature walks, and experience the local culture and festivals.

It’s important to note that the weather can vary within different parts of the Northern Areas, so it’s advisable to check specific regions and their weather conditions before planning your visit. Additionally, it’s essential to consider road conditions and any necessary permits for certain activities, especially during the off-peak seasons.

Exploring the Northern Areas of Pakistan is not just a vacation; it’s a journey of discovery, an opportunity to witness the raw beauty of nature and the richness of the local culture. It’s a chance to challenge yourself, connect with nature, and create memories that will last a lifetime.

Pakistan’s top attractions, including Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan, Islamabad, and Lahore, offer a diverse range of experiences for travelers. With numerous hotels available, visitors can find comfortable accommodation to suit their preferences. From exploring the breathtaking beauty of hills in Skardu to immersing in the cultural heritage of Lahore, Pakistan promises an unforgettable journey filled with captivating sights and warm hospitality.

So, pack your bags, plan your itinerary, and embark on an unforgettable adventure to Pakistan’s Northern Areas. Whether you’re an intrepid traveler, a nature lover, or a cultural enthusiast, this slice of heaven awaits your exploration, ready to captivate your heart and soul.

Plan your travel today!!

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I am Sarah Waqas. I’m a professional content creator with a passion for writing travel blogs. I enjoy researching and writing about new places to visit.  My goal is to always provide my readers with the most accurate and up-to-date information possible. I also enjoy interacting with my readers and hearing their feedback.

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2. Hunza Valley

3. swat valley, 4. kalash valley, 5. kaghan valley, 6. murree hills, 7. shandur pass, 8. rawalakot, 10. jehlum valley.

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Top Five Amazing Places in Pakistan

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Northern Areas of Pakistan

Here we go with mesmerizing Northern areas of Pakistan tour packages. Although, Northern areas of Pakistan is the jewel in the best travel destinations of globe. Northern areas tour packages are famous in the world of traveling as it offers tremendous landscape of nature, rich culture and historical traditions, that one can fall in love with Pakistan. So let’s go and check out some of the best travel destinations in the Northern areas of Pakistan.

Pakistan is blessed with astonishing valleys, world highest peaks, dense forests, deep blue water lakes and much more. In 2017 and 2018, Pakistan listed as Best country to travel in world by British Backpacker society. In addition, Forbes listed Pakistan as Best Travel Destination 2019.

Some of best places for travelers to wander are:

Hunza Valley

Skardu valley, naran kaghan valley, neelum valley, fairy meadows.

• Chitral Kalasha Valleys

Swat Valley

They valley with the marvelous landscape, culture and traditions, Hunza Valley, lies in the up northern Pakistan near to China. Hunza is famous all around the world for the history and hospitality of the people. All along the year, millions of local and foreign travelers visit this majestic beauty of nature. However this valley is known for the Old Silk route and the historical settlements. Moreover, This place is meant to be the only one from where tourist can experience the beauty of Five famous 7000+ meters peaks in surrounding. Some of the most famous ones are:

• Golden (Spantik) peak
• Ultar Sar 1
• Ultar Sar 2

Except than this there is another famous peak right next to Ultar Sar 1 and 2, Lady Finger or Bublimating Peak. This peak has an elevation of 6,000 m and famous because of it’s shape like lady finger.

Best Season to visit Hunza Valley

Along with the peaks in surroundings, Hunza valley is famous for colorful seasons, specially Autumn and Blossom seasons. As it has different colors of valley with different times. In autumn, one can go mesmerized by watching landscape turning Golden. Furthermore, in Cherry Blossom travelers fall in love with hunza, when whole valley change itself in to white and pink color.

Moreover, Rich culture and traditions becomes another reason for the popularity of Hunza valley. As the valley offers the 1000 years old First Settlement of Silk Route, Ganesh Village. Till now tourists can wander in the historical streets of Silk route village. There is another famous places to see is Attabad Lake. A lake that was formed due to Huge landslide back in 2010. The colors of that water can take you to another world.

Best Places in Hunza

Some of best places that travelers should have in their list while traveling to Hunza Valley are:

• Rakaposhi View point
• Attabad Lake
• Passu Cones and Glacier
• Eagle Nest View point (Duiker Top)
• Ganesh Village
• Altit and Baltit Forts
• Khunjerab Pass (Pak-China Border)

Up in the extreme Northern areas of Pakistan lies the astonishing Valley of Skardu. A huge valley to explore a lot of undiscovered sites. Skardu Valley is known to be Little Tibet in World, although if a traveler visit this piece of heaven, they can see the people of skardu looks similar to Tibetan. However the language of locals over here is also similar to Tibetan. This beautiful destination is well known amongst the hikers, mountaineers and climbers. As this valley offers world toughest hiking routes and World  highest peaks. Some of most famous peaks and treks are:

• Gasherbrum 1
• Gasherbrum 2
• Snow Lake (Lukpe Lawo)

Along with this there are some other famous peaks in the far northern Skardu Valley like Trango towers and Haldi Cones. Whereas, Trango towers are above 6000 meters and Haldi cones are more than 7000 meters.

Best Season to visit Skardu

Surrounded by the Eight Thousanders of world, Skardu Valley is famous for the different colors of season among travelers. Some of best times to visit the beautiful destination are Cherry Blossom, Spring and Golden (Autumn) Season. During the Spring, travelers can explore most of the valley because of pleasant weather. Furthermore, in fall time it changes in to Golden just like someone has put the golden shawl on it. Whereas in blossom, nature paints this valley into white and pink to catch the hearts of wanderers.

Moreover, the valley has similar culture like Tibetan. Skardu has some UNESCO world heritage sights to experience the rich culture. Along with this, travelers can wander on the heights of Deosai plateau. Deosai plains is second highest plateau in World and famous for the beautiful landscape and wildlife on the rood of the world. In addition, travelers can have a thriling ride in Safranga and katpana Cold Desert (World Highest Cold Desert). One can fall in love with the magnificent landscape of this Giant Skardu valley of Pakistan.

Best Places in Skardu

Some of best sights to wander in while traveling to Skardu are:

• Shangrila (Lower Kachura) Lake
• Upper Kachura Lake
• Khaplu valley and Palace
• Chanqchan Mosque
• Shigar Valley and fort
• Deosai Plateau
• Basha Valley
• Katpana Cold Desert and Lake
• Safranga Cold Desert
• Soge Valley
• Mantokha Waterfall

In the Himalayan mountain range of Pakistan lies the mesmerizing Naran Kaghan Valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The valley is known to be the best travel destination in Northern Areas of Pakistan surrounded by dark Alpine forest. Millions of travelers visit this beautiful sight all along the year to have best time. This place is famous for its fairy tale stories lakes, moreover sightseeing destinations with all modern facilities and hotels. Although this valley has some of best hiking trails and Jeep tracks. These thrilling jeep rides and hiking trails leads tourists to some of beautiful lakes and passes.

Best Season to Visit Naran Kaghan Valley

Naran Valley is open only for 8 months from April to November throughout the year. However, In other four months, This majestic valley is closed for everyone because of heavy snowfall. Moreover, Weather condition in Naran remains cold all along the year. But the best time to travel this site is Summer. In Summers, tourists can easily travel to any part of Naran Valley.

Best Places to Visit in Naran Valley

Some of best travel sights that one can visit and fall in love with Naran Kaghan valley are:

• Lake Saif Ul Malook
• Lulusar Lake
• Babusar Top (4,173 m)
• Noori Top and Lake (3,959 m)
• Dudipatsar lake
• Lalazar Plateau

Situated near the border of India, Neelum Valley in Azad kashmir region of Pakistan. However, this place is famous for it beautiful dense forests, waterfalls, crystal clear lakes, valleys and much more amongst the tourists. The river coming from India to Pakistan with the name Neelum, gives the valley a Name of Neelum. This valley has some of the best and adventurous Jeep rides of Pakistan to enjoy with a lot more to explore. Mostly the local tourists from Pakistan visit this astonishing beauty of Azad kashmir.

Best Season to Visit Neelum Valley

Although road to Neelum valley remains open all along the year, because of border with India. Best time time to visit this heavenly beautiful valley are winter and spring season. In winters, a lot of tourists comes to enjoy the beautiful snowfall in the mountains of Kashmir. However in winters, travelers can hike to beautiful lakes of Neelum valley. Weather remains pleasant all the year.

Best Places to visit in Neelum Valley

Some of best places to see while visiting Neelum valley of Azad Kashmir Pakistan are:

• Kutton Waterfall
• Sharda Valley
• Sharda Peeth
• Ratti Gali Lake
• Chitta Katha Lake

Another most famous travel destination in Pakistan is Fairy Meadows around the foreign travelers. Fairy Meadows lies in Gilgit Baltistan of Pakistan under the Shadows of mighty Nanga Parbat peak (8,126 m), Second Highest mountain in Pakistan. Nanga Parbat is most famous amongst the climbers and mountaineers around the world specially Germans and Polish. The peak is commonly known with the title “The Killer Mountain”. Fairy meadows is the first camp of Nanga parbat with the mesmerizing view of peak and surroundings dark alpine forest.

Best Season to Visit Fairy meadows

Summer is the best time to travel towards astonishing Fairy meadows. As in summers one can have different and breathtaking views of destinations and the peak. However in winters, everything is closed in Fairy meadows due to massive snowfall. During summer one can see the beautiful meadows and lake surrounded by the village. Moreover, one can trek towards Biyal Camp to have some more beautiful views. Biyal camp supposed to be the first Base Camp of Nanga Parbat.

Chitral Kalasha Valley

Chitral Valley lies in the Far northern areas of Pakistan near Wakhan Corrider. Known for rich culture, traditions and festivals and much more, Chitral Kalasha Valley is one of the best travel sight in Pakistan because of unique culture and religion. The valley been visited by millions of travelers throughout the year, specially at the time of festivals. A huge number of tourists from all around the world come to enjoy the festival of Kalash people. Moreover, surrounded by Hindukush mountain range, Chitral valley has a lot of beautiful sites and much more to explore.

Best Season to Visit Chitral Valley

Although Chitral valley remains open throughout the year, but some of the best seasons to travel there is Spring and fall. In Autumn season, whole valley covers it self with the beautiful golden color, giving a strong impact on travelers to love it. However in spring time, one can explore most of the area because of pleasant weather. Moreover, in spring there are some most festivals by Kalash people to explore there culture, specially the Chillum Joshi festival. Chillum Joshi festival comes with the start of Spring season, also named as Spring Festival.

Best Places to Visit in Chitral Valley

There are a lot of places that should be visited while traveling towards Chitral Valley. Some of most famous ones are:

• Ayun Valley
• Shahi Qilla
• Bamburat Valley
• Chitral National Park
• Shandur Top
• Shandur Lake
• Kalash Valley

High in mountains of Northern areas of Pakistan, lies the beautiful Swat valley. A valley that was once named as Switzerland of Pakistan by the Queen Elizabeth ||. The valley that presents the travelers with the rich culture, colorful traditions and astonishing landscape. Swat valley famous for the hospitality and history all around the globe. This place is full of mesmerizing attractions for the travelers to have an unforgettable experience of life. Moreover, Swat valley once was the capital of Buddhism religion. Every year a huge number of tourists travels to this destination from all over the world.

Best Season to Visit Swat Valley

The Swat Valley, Famous for dense forests, deep blue water lakes, lush green valleys and much more. As Swat valley remains open all year to receive the travelers to enjoy the serenity of nature. There are some best season that one should travel towards this places in Northern areas of Pakistan. Cherry Blossom and Autumn season, whereas winters are also the favorite season amongst travelers from Pakistan. However in Fall and in Blossom season, color of this beautiful valley changes to give an eye catching view of nature.

Best Places to visit in Swat Valley

• Kalam Valley
• Malam Jabba
• Mahudand Lake
• Saifullah Lake
• Ushu Dense Forest

These were some of the most famous travel destinations in northern areas of Pakistan. Furthermore, there are a lot more of sights like valleys, lakes, meadows and much more to explore in the northern areas of Pakistan.

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Gastronomic tourism and tourist motivation: exploring northern areas of pakistan.

1. Introduction

2. literature review, 2.1. self-concept theory, 2.2. tourists’ motivations and gastronomic experiences, 2.3. gastronomic experience and destination satisfaction, 2.4. destination satisfaction and destination loyalty, 2.5. gastronomic experience and destination loyalty, 3. materials and methods, 3.1. population and sampling, 3.2. measures, 3.3. demographics, 3.4. validity of measurement scales, 3.5. common method bias, 3.6. confirmatory factor analysis, 4. results and discussion, hypothesis testing, 5. conclusions, 6. implication, 6.1. theoretical implication, 6.2. practical implication, 6.3. limitation and future direction, author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest.

Appendix B. Northern Areas of Pakistan

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Ullah, N.; Khan, J.; Saeed, I.; Zada, S.; Xin, S.; Kang, Z.; Hu, Y. Gastronomic Tourism and Tourist Motivation: Exploring Northern Areas of Pakistan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022 , 19 , 7734. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137734

Ullah N, Khan J, Saeed I, Zada S, Xin S, Kang Z, Hu Y. Gastronomic Tourism and Tourist Motivation: Exploring Northern Areas of Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health . 2022; 19(13):7734. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137734

Ullah, Nadeem, Jawad Khan, Imran Saeed, Shagufta Zada, Shanchao Xin, Zhihao Kang, and YiKe Hu. 2022. "Gastronomic Tourism and Tourist Motivation: Exploring Northern Areas of Pakistan" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13: 7734. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137734

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