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Essay on Brain Drain

Brain Drain is defined as the emigration or migration of individuals of talents and skills from developing or under-developed countries to developed ones. It means impoverishment of intellectuals, professionals, and technical resources of one country and enriching another. It is also known as the mass departure of skillful resources from a country. It brings a potential economic decline to the nation. Brain Drain subjects to a vital threat before a country. This migration results in a great loss to the countries where they are born and educated. Higher education is one of the important reasons for permanent emigration.

We, at Vedantu, have provided the students with an essay on brain drain with two perspectives in mind. The first one is the concept of making the students understand what is brain drain and next, to make them develop their essay writing skills which are useful in several ways including the need to write essays for improving their writing skills, for making good answers in the exams, to help the students prepare better result for themselves by going through this process.

The term ‘Brain Drain’ was first used by the United Kingdom in 1960 when the skilled workforce started emigrating from the developing or under-developed countries to the developed countries (first world countries). It refers to the situation when highly qualified and trained people leave his/her own country to permanently settle down in other developed countries.  It is also known as human capital flight. With the beginning of globalization, ideas, opinions, skills in the form of labor started being exchanged between the nations. 

This concept of Brain Drain is a matter of serious concern for any nation because it takes off individuals from their homeland to another foreign land. Often people go abroad to pursue higher education and settle there because of better work and attractive pay packages. Talented, skilled, and experienced professionals migrate to other countries for better career prospects. They get attracted by better standards of living and quality of life, higher salaries, access to advanced technology, and more stable political conditions in the developed countries which lead to migration from less developed countries. 

The factors for the rise of Brain Drain are also called Push and Pull factors. The Push factors are the factors connected to the country of origin and Pull factors are the factors connected with the country of destination. 

Push Factors:

The basic facility is not congenial for research and education in the institutions.

Under-employment for thousands of engineering graduates, scientific and technical manpower waiting for respective assignments. 

Political instability.

Poor quality of living.

Limited access to health care facilities.

Less economic opportunity.

Pull Factors:

Better Economic prospects.

Better Research facilities.

Employment Opportunities.

Relative Political Stability.

Modern Education System and a better chance of advancement.

There are Three Types of Brain Drain

Geographical Brain Drain: This refers to the emigration of highly skilled professionals to other developing countries in search of better-paying jobs. It creates a negative impact on the economic development of the homeland. 

Organizational Brain Drain: This refers to the departure of experienced and talented individuals from one organization to another. This exodus can be very harmful to organizations. 

Industrial Brain Drain: This refers to the movement of skilled and trained workers from one industry to another for a better salary. This causes a shortage of experienced workers in the industry from where they depart.

Overall, Brain Drain is a widespread phenomenon these days. Many developing and under-developed countries are suffering from the loss of talents and skilled professionals like India, Africa, and Arab countries. The governments and private firms should take some strict measures to control this by aiming towards a better and friendlier atmosphere. They should provide better working conditions, improve infrastructure in educational institutions, create more employment opportunities, increase salaries and develop rural places.  Making laws and strictly implementing them should check discrimination and bias at workplaces. Incentives should be given to youngsters from going abroad in search of work. These action plans can solve the problem of Brain Drain.

10 facts on Brain Drain Essay

The Brain Drain is the migration of talented geniuses from their homeland to other countries in search of a better life and jobs.

It occurs when people go out and settle abroad for their jobs or for making careers.

People often go abroad for their higher studies and after having finished their studies, they settle over there and do not return to their homeland which also causes brain drain.

It is of vital concern especially for developing countries like India, where it can have negative effects.

Countries like India keep losing citizens who have the potential and talent to change the economic conditions of the country.

However, Brain Drain is a call for hope for the countries to which the people migrate for their jobs or studies.

The countries which receive the migrating people from the other countries benefit a lot from them.

The problem of brain drain can be easily solved by providing better working conditions, good pay, and other facilities in the home country to the people.

Political disturbances are amongst one the other causes of brain drain.

Brain Drain also occurs in some countries as a result of poor living conditions for the people which pushes them to migrate to other countries.

Study the different points related to brain drain and compile a good essay on this topic. Learn more about this topic and seek assistance from Vedantu to get the best words on paper. Score well by brilliantly scribing this essay in exams and competitions.

FAQs on Brain Drain Essay

1.  What is Brain Drain?

Brain Drain is the mass departure of talented and skilled individuals from a developing or under-developed country to a developing country. The Brain drain in simple words is defined as the migration of personnel in search of a better standard of living, quality of life, higher salaries, access to advanced technology, and more stable political conditions in the different places of the world. It is a condition which is fairly not good for the developing countries as they tend to suffer a major loss due to this.

2. What are Push Factors?

Push Factors are factors that are associated with the country of origin. The push factors are factors that motivate a person to migrate from their country or the region of living to another country in search of better jobs and living. The push factors are often used in a negative connotation, as they often consist of problems, distressing situations, and political or economic failures, depicting the poor conditions of the country. Also, this is a situation of loss for the country. 

3. What is Organizational Brain Drain?

Organizational Brain Drain refers to the departure of experienced and talented individuals from one organization to another. This is similar to the original concept of brain drain. The concept involves the shift of employees from one organization to the other due to various reasons which include the movement due to organizational issues like poor working conditions, low pays, unhealthy work environment, etc. due to which the organization faces a challenge in many ways like the building of poor reputation within the industry and the like. 

4. How to Prevent Brain Drain?

There are a lot of ways in which both the companies and countries can stop the problem of brain dragon some of which include the following:

To prevent the problem of Brain Drain, the governments of developing and under-developed countries should take stern measures of providing better working conditions to the employees in the form of infrastructure, health, travel, and other such measures. 

The government must try to create more employment opportunities in the country itself so the people do not need to move by bringing in projects, developments, etc.

The government must try stopping discrimination with the people in all forms be it in terms of discrimination on the basis of age, gender, culture, religion, and others and any bias among employees. 

The government must also work on the development of rural places to generate employment opportunities in the rural areas of the country.

5. Where can I get an Essay on Brain Drain?

The students can easily get essays on brain drain from the website of Vedantu for free of cost. The students will also have the access to many more new concepts which will help them in understanding better the different topics that persist. Vedantu also helps the students by providing them with other study material and resources like sample papers, previous year’s question papers, and other important resources that will help them in preparing for the exam and writing better answers.

Essay on Brain Drain

Students are often asked to write an essay on Brain Drain in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Brain Drain

Introduction.

Brain drain refers to the migration of skilled professionals from their home country to another for better opportunities. It’s a global issue affecting many nations.

Causes of Brain Drain

Brain drain is caused by several factors including lack of opportunities, low wages, political instability, and poor living conditions in the home country.

Effects of Brain Drain

Brain drain leads to loss of skills and intellectual resources. It can slow down the development of a country and create imbalance in the global distribution of talent.

To combat brain drain, nations need to improve their living conditions, provide better opportunities and create a stable political environment.

250 Words Essay on Brain Drain

Brain drain refers to the emigration of highly skilled individuals from their home countries to foreign nations, often in search of better opportunities. It is a global phenomenon that affects both developed and developing countries, posing significant socio-economic implications.

The primary cause of brain drain is the quest for improved living conditions. Professionals migrate to countries offering better job prospects, higher wages, and enhanced life quality. Political instability, lack of research opportunities, and inadequate infrastructure in home countries further exacerbate this issue.

Impacts of Brain Drain

Brain drain has a dual impact. The host countries benefit from the influx of skilled professionals contributing to their economic growth. Conversely, the home countries suffer from a loss of human capital, leading to a potential decline in their development pace.

Counteracting Brain Drain

To counteract brain drain, it is crucial for countries to create conducive environments that encourage their citizens to stay. This includes ensuring political stability, offering competitive wages, and investing in research and infrastructure. Implementing policies that promote circular migration can also be beneficial, where emigrants return to their home countries, bringing back new skills and knowledge.

While brain drain poses challenges, it also presents opportunities for global knowledge exchange. The key lies in managing this phenomenon effectively, turning the potential loss into a gain for both home and host countries. This requires concerted efforts from governments, institutions, and individuals alike.

500 Words Essay on Brain Drain

Understanding the phenomenon of brain drain, the driving forces of brain drain.

The primary drivers of Brain Drain are socio-economic in nature. The quest for improved living conditions, higher wages, and better career prospects are some of the primary reasons why skilled professionals migrate. Political instability, lack of infrastructure, and limited research opportunities also contribute to this exodus.

The Impact of Brain Drain

The impact of Brain Drain is multifaceted, with both negative and positive outcomes. On the negative side, the departure of skilled professionals leads to a knowledge gap in the home country. It hampers the growth of industries and research, and can even affect the country’s economy.

Brain Drain vs Brain Gain

While Brain Drain is often viewed negatively, it’s important to consider the concept of Brain Gain. This refers to the influx of skilled professionals into a country, which can lead to significant economic and social benefits. Developed countries often experience Brain Gain, which contributes to their continued growth and development.

Addressing the Issue of Brain Drain

Addressing Brain Drain requires comprehensive strategies that focus on improving socio-economic conditions, political stability, and research opportunities in the home country. Governments should invest in education, research, and development, and create an environment that encourages innovation and entrepreneurship.

Brain Drain is a complex issue with both negative and positive impacts. While it can lead to a loss of valuable human capital for developing countries, it can also result in economic benefits through remittances and the return of skilled professionals. Addressing this issue requires a balanced approach that not only prevents the outflow of talent but also encourages their return. The key lies in transforming the Brain Drain into a Brain Gain, thus turning a potential loss into a win-win situation for all involved.

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Essay on Brain Drain

Brain drain refers to the movement of highly skilled and educated people from one country to another, where they can work in better conditions and earn more money. People migrate due to the lack of opportunities in their home country. The brain drain reduces economic growth through the depletion of a source country’s human capital assets and, additionally, through loss of return on investment in education. It’s a serious problem that most developing countries like India are facing today. The essay on brain drain will help students to understand the reason behind brain drain and how this problem can be solved. Students can also check out the list of CBSE Essays to practise more essays on different topics and boost their essay writing skills.

500+ Words Essay on Brain Drain

The term “brain drain” refers to the international transfer of human capital resources, and it applies mainly to the migration of highly educated individuals from developing to developed countries. The term is generally used in a narrower sense. It relates more specifically to the migration of engineers, physicians, scientists, and other highly skilled professionals with university training, to developed countries. The brain drain is a serious constraint on the development of poor countries.

Reasons for Brain Drain in India

The major reason behind the brain drain is the lack of career opportunities, investment and lower salaries in home countries. The highly skilled people do not get proper exposure where they can showcase their skills. They don’t get the opportunity to grow higher. This happens because, in many private and government organisations, the managers sitting in higher positions give preference to their relatives and known people. Many times, the hiring team does not use the correct assessment process to recruit people. Moreover, the reservation and reserved quota in government jobs are the major reasons why youth lose interest in appearing in various competitive or government exams.

Brain drain also occurs when an employee loses interest in work. If he continues to do the same task for 5 to 6 years, he becomes saturated with work. He wants some new role and responsibility that excite him and challenges him to do the work. The change in work also sharpens their skills and significantly increases their income. The work culture and environment also play a major role in brain drain. If the work culture is not flexible and reliable, then people start thinking of leaving the organisation and moving to another. Many times office politics, blame games, overwork, no appreciation, and no rewards also compel a person to look for a better opportunity where his skills will be appreciated.

India has skilled and semi-skilled, employed and unemployed human resources. Low salaries and inefficient working conditions trigger the movement of people to countries with better living standards and facilities. There is a huge difference in terms of salary in developed, developing and underdeveloped countries. Most of the students who go abroad for higher studies do not return to India. After seeing the affluent life of foreign countries, they lose all interest in their own country. They get placed in good companies and start living a high-profile life.

How to Stop Brain Drain?

Talent in emerging economies is scarce, expensive, and hard to retain. But, for the balance of power and for the development of the world, it is very important to stop the phenomena of brain drain. This will help a particular country to use all local skilled citizens for development and proliferation. But to hold these skilled workers at their native places, it is also important to provide them with enough work opportunities and living facilities. For this purpose, developed nations should help developing countries with the necessary money and resources. So that each and every human on this planet can have a good standard of living and each and every nation can introduce itself as a developed nation.

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Short Essay: Brain Drain

Brain drain, or the emigration of skilled and educated individuals from one country or region to another, typically for better pay or living conditions, is a multifaceted issue with significant implications for nations and their development. Writing a short essay on this topic requires a balanced exploration of its causes, effects, and possible mitigation strategies. Here’s a structured approach to help you draft a concise and informative essay on brain drain.

Table of Contents

Title and Introduction

Title:  Choose a clear and direct title that encapsulates the essence of your essay, such as “Navigating the Challenges of Brain Drain: Impacts and Solutions.”

Exploring the Causes

Political and Social Factors:  Examine how political instability, lack of freedom, or social tensions in a person’s home country contribute to brain drain. Issues such as discrimination, violence, or political persecution can force skilled individuals to seek environments where they feel safe and valued.

Effects of Brain Drain

Impact on the Host Country:  While brain drain is often beneficial for the host country (gaining skilled labor), it can also lead to over-saturation in certain fields, potentially increasing local unemployment or underemployment in the skilled sectors.

Solutions and Mitigation Strategies

Bilateral Agreements and International Cooperation:  Discuss how agreements between countries can facilitate more balanced exchanges of knowledge and skills, or how international laws and policies can be adapted to manage the flow of skilled workers more ethically.

Brain Drain Essay Example #1

Brain drain, the phenomenon of highly skilled professionals emigrating from developing nations to seek better prospects in developed countries, remains a significant challenge that exacerbates global inequality. This essay explores the underlying causes of brain drain, its impacts on both sending and receiving countries, and proposes viable strategies to mitigate its adverse effects.

Addressing brain drain effectively requires a strategic and multifaceted approach. Home countries should focus on improving economic conditions through better governance and fostering a vibrant business environment that encourages entrepreneurship and investment. For example, Estonia has successfully retained and attracted talent through initiatives like e-residency and startup grants. Additionally, improving political stability and providing competitive wages and benefits can help retain skilled workers.

Brain drain is a complex issue influenced by economic, political, and educational factors. While it presents significant challenges for developing countries, it also offers an opportunity to rethink global and local policies. By improving domestic conditions and engaging in international cooperation, countries can mitigate the negative impacts of brain drain and turn it into a phenomenon that benefits all, promoting a more balanced global development. Strategic solutions that address both the causes and effects of brain drain will ensure that the migration of talent becomes part of a larger cycle of global knowledge sharing and development.

Brain Drain Essay Example #2

The effects of brain drain are profoundly felt by the home countries. Economically, the departure of skilled workers leads to a loss of potential innovators, diminishing the intellectual capital necessary for development and competitiveness. Social impacts are also significant, particularly in the healthcare and education sectors, which suffer from a lack of qualified professionals. In contrast, host countries typically benefit from the influx of skilled labor, experiencing technological advances and economic growth. However, this can also lead to increased competition in the job market, potentially fueling local discontent and societal tensions.

Additionally, creating opportunities for expatriates to contribute to their home countries without requiring permanent returns can be effective. Programs that enable temporary teaching positions, remote consulting jobs, or investments in home-country enterprises allow expatriates to contribute to their country’s development from afar.

Brain drain is a complex issue, driven by economic, political, and educational factors. While it presents significant challenges for developing countries, it also provides an opportunity to rethink global and local policies. By improving domestic conditions and engaging in international cooperation, countries can mitigate the adverse effects of brain drain and transform it into a beneficial phenomenon that promotes balanced global development. Strategic solutions that address both the causes and effects of brain drain will ensure that the migration of talent becomes part of a larger cycle of global knowledge sharing and development.

Brain Drain Essay Example #3

Economic disparity is a prime motivator for brain drain. Skilled professionals in less developed countries often encounter limited job opportunities and lower compensation compared to developed countries. For example, a software engineer in Silicon Valley can earn substantially more than their counterpart in many parts of Asia or Africa. Moreover, political instability and restricted freedoms compel individuals to seek environments where safety and rights are more assured. Educational opportunities also draw young talent abroad, where many remain after completing their studies due to better job prospects.

International collaboration is vital for managing skilled migration in a way that benefits both origin and destination countries. Bilateral agreements can help by enabling temporary migration for education or work, with clear incentives for return, enriching the home country with new skills and experiences.

Final Writing Tips

About mr. greg.

Mr. Greg is an English teacher from Edinburgh, Scotland, currently based in Hong Kong. He has over 5 years teaching experience and recently completed his PGCE at the University of Essex Online. In 2013, he graduated from Edinburgh Napier University with a BEng(Hons) in Computing, with a focus on social media.

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Brain Drain [Sample Essays and Vocabulary]

Posted by David S. Wills | Feb 27, 2023 | Model Essays | 2

For today’s English lesson, we are going to look at the topic of “brain drain.” This is a phenomenon that occurs when lots of talented people move from developing countries to developed ones. It is an interesting topic with many issues to debate, so it is possible that you could encounter it in the IELTS writing test.

What is “brain drain” and how could it appear in IELTS?

According to the Cambridge Dictionary, “brain drain” means:

the situation in which large numbers of educated and very skilled people leave their own country to live and work in another one where pay and conditions are better ( source )

This is quite a big issue nowadays and it affects many parts of the world positively and negatively. As the world becomes more interconnected, it seems reasonable that it will continue to be a problem in the future.

This sort of topic is most likely to occur in the IELTS writing test and specifically in task 2. In fact, I’ll show you two sample answers below. You might also see a reading passage about “brain drain” in the reading test and I suppose it is theoretically possible that it could be the subject of section 4 of the listening test.

However, I cannot imagine that you would realistically see questions about this in any part of the IELTS speaking test. It is slightly too specialised and talking about it is a little too difficult.

Language related to “brain drain”

When it comes to the topic of “brain drain,” you should think of this generally as being a sub-topic of work , education , and immigration . Note that IELTS topics often overlap like this.

As such, to talk about this, you should be comfortable with vocabulary related to these areas and specifically the points at which they intersect. Here are some examples:

• advanced economy
• developed country
• developing country
• emigration / emigrant
• immigration / immigrant
• permanent residency
• standard of living
• tertiary education
• tuition fees

Make sure that you know more than just the loose meaning of each word or phrase. It is important that you know precisely how to use them.

Also, I have tried not to include more common words like “abroad” but obviously you should be familiar with them and confident about how to use them.

You can read more about common IELTS topics here .

How to think of ideas about “brain drain”

Sometimes, IELTS questions can be difficult not just because of the language required but because of the topic. While some people have strong opinions about brain drain, others don’t. They simply can’t think of anything to say or worry that their ideas aren’t very developed.

For this reason, it is useful not just to learn vocabulary in preparation for your IELTS test, but also to learn ideas. You can do that in different ways:

• reading articles
• listening to podcasts
• watching videos or documentaries
• engaging in debates

I recently saw this very interesting YouTube video, which goes into detail about why brain drain hurts some countries and why it keeps happening.

I have a whole article about how to generate ideas for IELTS .

Sample Essays

Ok, now let’s look at some sample questions and answers. These are quite similar but the types of question are different and so I have written different answers.

Brain Drain Essay: Problems and Solutions

Here is our first question:

An increasing number of professionals, such as doctors and teachers, are leaving their own poorer countries to work in developed countries. What problems does this cause? What can be done to deal with this situation?

As you can see, this is a problems and solutions question . That means you need to firstly explain the problems caused by brain drain and then suggest some solutions.

Sample Answer

In the modern era, it is common for people to move around the world for various reasons, including immigration purposes. This sometimes results in people leaving a poor country to go to a richer one, in a phenomenon that is sometimes known as “brain drain.” This essay will look into the reasons for this and also suggest some solutions.

The allure of wealthy countries is naturally going to appeal to many people from poorer nations. They look to these places and see opportunities for themselves and their families, as well as clean environments and high-quality homes and goods. It is natural, then, that these people will aspire to leave their own country and move to a more developed one in the hope of a better life. They study hard and take every possible chance to give themselves a brighter future, and once they are able to emigrate, they leave their home country and travel to their new home. This is usually a positive step for them, but it tends to trap poor countries in a cycle of poverty.

Solving this problem is clearly not easy because it is a pretty natural phenomenon and people will always want to give themselves a better life. However, if there was a way to encourage doctors and other professionals to stay in their home nation, they could help to build it into a much more prosperous society, ultimately resulting in generations of educated people with no real desire to leave. Another option is for that nation to attempt to attract doctors and teachers from other countries as a way of filling the knowledge gap. This would not be easy, but again if it were achieved it would result in a strengthened nation that would no longer encourage its citizens to leave.

In conclusion, it is a natural occurrence that people want to move to cleaner, more developed places with safer streets and better standards of living, which is why educated people flee from poor nations. However, solving this problem will not be easy and may require some creative action by various governments.

Notes on the Answer

I have a simple but effective structure here:

In terms of language, I will note some useful phrases:

• The allure of wealthy countries
• see opportunities for themselves
• high-quality homes and goods
• take every possible chance
• a brighter future
• a cycle of poverty
• a much more prosperous society
• filling the knowledge gap
• a natural occurrence

You will see that my solutions are not very definite but that’s because there are no easy solutions. Some students write things like “The government should pay doctors more money.” However, is this a realistic suggestion? If governments had unlimited money and could pay doctors more, they probably would. Therefore, use careful thinking and language skills to show reasonable ideas. Don’t worry about your suggestions being weakened by the admission that these ideas might not work. It is better to show that you are aware of this than to confidently make unreasonable suggestions.

Brain Drain Essay: Discuss Both Views

Here is our second question:

Some people believe that professionals, such as doctors and engineers, should be required to work in the country where they did their training. Others believe they should be free to work in another country if they wish. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

You can see that this is a “ discuss both views ” question, so it is a little different from the previous one. Also, I suppose it is technically possible that you could answer this without mentioning brain drain, but still the idea is clearly connected.

A small number of people think that highly trained professionals should be required to work in the same country where they did their training, but most people disagree with this. This essay will also disagree, suggesting that they should be free to work where they want.

To begin with, it is understandable that people might argue in favour of professionals working in the country where they trained because in some cases that country has paid for their training. Take, for example, a doctor who received medical training at the government’s expense in a relatively poor country. If they moved to another country, perhaps in order to earn a higher salary, then the government’s investment would have been wasted.

However, there are a few problems with that viewpoint. First of all, professionals of this nature usually pay for their own education, and so if they were required to stay in that country then it would be unfair. A lot of people invest in their education purely to gain the chance of moving to another country for a better life. Then, of course, there is the argument that all people should have some freedom of movement. Particularly in the case of highly trained professionals, who can bring value to different societies, it is beneficial to have them move around the world, sharing their skills and increasing diversity. Perhaps they ought to give something back to the society in which they were trained, but they should not be restricted by any law because that would be a violation of their fundamental rights.

In conclusion, people who have important skills should be free to move to other countries if they wish. They should not have a legal obligation to stay in the nation where they earned their skills, but perhaps for the sake of decency they might consider staying a short while and giving back to that society.

I have not used the phrase “brain drain” here but the essay is still about that because brain drain is what happens when these people leave their home countries in large numbers.

Note that I have discussed both views but sided with the “disagree” perspective. That means I have written a longer paragraph full of “disagree” ideas. I have also made my opinion clear throughout the whole essay, which is also essential. In the introduction , for example, my outline sentence puts my perspective across very clearly.

Here are some more useful words and phrases:

• highly trained professionals
• to earn a higher salary
• the government’s investment
• people invest in their education
• freedom of movement
• a violation of their fundamental rights
• a legal obligation

Finally, note that in both these essays I avoided the trap of repeating the examples from the question. It is a common mistake that IELTS candidates see an example and assume it is the main idea of the question. In fact, you do not need to talk about doctors and engineers. You could talk about any professionals.

About The Author

David S. Wills

David S. Wills is the author of Scientologist! William S. Burroughs and the 'Weird Cult' and the founder/editor of Beatdom literary journal. He lives and works in rural Cambodia and loves to travel. He has worked as an IELTS tutor since 2010, has completed both TEFL and CELTA courses, and has a certificate from Cambridge for Teaching Writing. David has worked in many different countries, and for several years designed a writing course for the University of Worcester. In 2018, he wrote the popular IELTS handbook, Grammar for IELTS Writing and he has since written two other books about IELTS. His other IELTS website is called IELTS Teaching.

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I have some questions related to IELTS Writing in general and your essays. 1. Have you tried using chatGPT for IELTS Writing? What do you think the quality of the essays it can create and how do IELTS learners use it to improve their writing? 2. In your essays + The first essay – You use near future tense ‘be going to do sth’ in the first sentence of the first body paragraph. Could you explain to me why you use this tense in this sentence? + The second essay – Actually, I see some dictionary mark ‘To begin with’ or ‘To begin’ as an informal phrase. Is it also proper when used in IELTS Writing? – In the second body paragraph, I see you use ‘increasing diversity’ which makes me confused. Could you explain what does this phrase exactly mean? Thank a lot

1. I’ve tested it a few times. It’s fine but not perfect. I haven’t really looked into it as a means of learning to write essays. I know that other AI programmes are terrible at fixing grammar problems, but ChatGPT is a lot smarter, so it’s possible.

2. This is used to mean that something hypothetically does appeal to these people. I suppose it is a strange structure, but it’s quite common in English. It is like imagining a future state.

3. I don’t think “To begin with” is particularly informal.

4. It means that when people travel around, the diversity of the places they go to increases because they have more people from different places.

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What Is Brain Drain?

Understanding brain drain.

• Types of Brain Drain
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The Bottom Line

Brain drain: definition, causes, effects, and examples.

Katrina Ávila Munichiello is an experienced editor, writer, fact-checker, and proofreader with more than fourteen years of experience working with print and online publications.

Investopedia / Mira Norian

Brain drain is a slang term that refers to a substantial  emigration or migration of individuals out of a country. It can result from turmoil, the existence of favorable professional opportunities in other countries, or a desire to seek a higher  standard of living . Brain drain can also occur at the organizational or industrial levels when workers perceive better pay, benefits, or upward mobility in another company or industry.

Key Takeaways

• Brain drain is a slang term that refers to substantial emigration.
• Brain drain can result from political turmoil or the existence of more favorable professional opportunities elsewhere.
• It causes countries, industries, and organizations to lose a core portion of valuable individuals.
• The loss of tax revenue can be a consequence of brain drain.
• One of the best ways to reduce brain drain is to boost government investment in the local economy.

Brain drain is the movement of people from one area to another. It often occurs between countries and cities where there's a sharp discrepancy in available opportunities. Individuals might move to look for work or a better standard of living. Brain drain can also refer to the movement of professionals between corporations or industries for better pay or opportunities.

Brain drain causes countries, industries, and organizations to lose a core portion of valuable individuals. The term is often used to describe the departure of certain professionals, including doctors, healthcare workers, scientists, engineers, or financial professionals. The places they leave are harmed in two ways when these people leave :

• Expertise is lost with each emigrant, diminishing the supply of that profession.
• The economy is harmed because each professional represents surplus spending units.

Professionals often earn large salaries so their departure reduces  consumer spending  in that region or possibly in the country overall.

Geographic, Organizational, and Industrial Brain Drain

Brain drain can occur on several levels and in several forms.

Geographic Brain Drain

Geographic brain drain occurs when talented professionals flee one country or region and move to a country that they feel gives them better and more opportunities.

Several common causes can precipitate brain drain on the geographic level. They include political instability, poor quality of life , limited access to health care, and a shortage of economic opportunity. These factors prompt skilled and talented workers to leave source countries for places that offer better opportunities.

Organizational and Industrial Brain Drain

Organizational brain drain involves the mass exodus of talented workers from a company, often because they sense instability or a lack of opportunity within the company. They may feel that they can realize their career goals more easily at another firm.

Industrial brain drain happens when skilled workers exit not only a company but an entire industry .

These two forms of brain drain are usually a byproduct of a rapidly evolving economic landscape in which companies and industries that are unable to keep up with technological and societal changes lose their best workers to companies and industries that can.

Causes of Brain Drain

Several underlying factors can lead to this phenomenon. They can vary based on the type of brain drain that occurs. Some of the main reasons why people choose to leave their home countries/regions include:

• Economic opportunities including new and better jobs, higher standards of living, access to housing and health care
• Political strife and instability
• Persecution based on religion, gender, or sexuality

Most brain drain is geographic but it can also occur as a result of situational factors. Skilled workers may leave companies and industries when machines and technology replace human labor.

Brain drain is also known as a human capital flight.

Effects of Brain Drain

The effects of brain drain are felt not only in the area where the brain drain occurs but also where brain gain occurs: the place to which individuals move. It can often have a chain reaction.

Areas affected by brain drain end up with a dearth of human capital . Professionals who go elsewhere end up leaving a large gap behind, one that isn't always easy to fill. Consider medical professionals in developing nations who move to parts of the developed world for better opportunities. There may not be enough qualified people to replace them when they leave. This affects the overall quality of health care.

Another effect on areas that experience brain drain is the loss of revenue . Governments rely on income taxes to fund their social programs and infrastructure projects. A mass exodus leads to a drop in tax receipts that can stunt economic growth and development.

Areas that see brain gain are also impacted. They can experience overcrowding, especially in major metropolitan areas where more opportunities are available. A lot of people in one area puts a strain on resources and this can lead to higher prices and taxes.

Measures to Reduce Brain Drain

There isn't an easy fix for brain drain but business and government leaders can do some things to reduce or minimize it:

• Increase investments into certain areas of the economy
• Offer competitive wages
• Pave the way for legal and social reform
• Improve the quality of resources such as housing and healthcare
• Provide affordable housing solutions

Examples of Brain Drain

Brain drain has notably occurred in Puerto Rico and Ukraine.

Ukraine Brain Drain

War and conflict are big catalysts for brain drain. This was evident following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

Studies conducted by the European Parliament indicated a massive displacement of the country's population across the European Union (EU) even before Russia's invasion. One of the main areas examined was the movement of students. The number of students who left Ukraine doubled from 25,000 to 50,000 between 2007 and 2014. That number jumped to about 78,000 by 2019. The majority of these students were enrolled in post-secondary institutions in Poland.

Some professionals leaving Ukraine have had a tough time finding work in their fields in other countries because of a lack of available work or transferrable skills. Some are choosing to take on lower-paying jobs to find a sense of security and safety.

Russia has experienced a flight of human capital, too. Economic sanctions placed on the country by the U.S., the United Kingdom, and Canada have had a profound impact on Russian citizens. The federal government implemented laws to punish citizens who supported Ukraine. It's been estimated that as many as 200,000 Russians had left the country by 2022.

Puerto Rico Brain Drain

Brain drain was a significant consequence of the Puerto Rican debt crisis in 2019. It was particularly evident in the exodus of skilled medical professionals. This hit the island hard. Almost half of Puerto Rico's residents receive Medicare or Medicaid but the island receives significantly fewer federal funds to pay for these programs than similarly sized states on the mainland such as Mississippi.

This lack of funding combined with the island's dire financial situation has precluded its ability to offer competitive compensation to doctors, nurses, and other medical staff. These professionals were reported to have left the island en masse for more lucrative opportunities on the mainland as a result.

This form of brain drain was prompted by Hurricane Maria which hit the island in September 2017, creating incentives for emigration.

What Does Brain Drain Mean?

Brain drain is a slang term that refers to the loss of human capital from one area to another or from one industry to another. It usually happens when skilled individuals and professionals leave their home countries, often developing nations, and go elsewhere to take advantage of better opportunities. It also occurs when individuals leave one area of the workforce and go to another.

How Does Economic Growth Help Fight Brain Drain?

Brain drain occurs when there's a lack of opportunity in a certain area. Professionals living in a developing nation might leave in search of better opportunities in parts of the developed world. Making economic investments to boost growth often provides incentives for people to stay because it means access to better and more resources, personal economic prosperity, and the potential for a higher standard of living.

What Impact Does Brain Drain Have on Developing Nations?

Brain drain and the exodus of human capital often have a big impact on developing nations. It leaves a hole that's hard to fill because there may not be as many people with similar skills to fill the void. It also leads to a loss in tax revenue and this can result in higher taxation to make up for the shortfall. Citizens may not be able to access quality resources such as education and health care and this also affects their quality of life.

Human capital is a vital part of the economy but these individuals may look elsewhere for better jobs, higher pay, and an improved standard of living when conditions get tough. A mass exodus of people can lead to brain drain. It can have lasting effects on the local economy when human capital is depleted from an area.

European Parliament. " Russia's War on Ukraine: Ukrainian Students in the EU ."

NBC News. " A Brain Drain Is Devastating Ukraine ."

BBC News. " Russia Faces Brain Drain As Thousands Flee Abroad ."

Center on Budget and Policy Procedures. " Puerto Rico's Medicaid Program Needs an Ongoing Commitment of Federal Funds ."

National Provider Identifier (NPI) Dashboard. " 2020 Update-Aftermath of Hurricane Maria and the Emigration of Health Care Professionals to Mainland US ."

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. " National Hurricane Center, Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Maria ." Page 2.

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IELTS ESSAY: Solutions to the Brain Drain

Writing task 2: ielts essay: solutions to the brain drain..

You should spend 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: An increasing number of professionals, such as doctors and teachers, are leaving their own poorer countries to work in developed countries. What are the reasons behind this trend? What solutions can you suggest to deal with this situation? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant example from your own knowledge. Write at least 250 words.

Sample Answer:

Many developing countries in the world today are facing the issue of professionals migrating to other developed countries in search of better employment opportunities. This essay will help reflect on the causes of the situation and suggest possible ways to deal with this problem.

There are many reasons that have led to this scenario. The first and foremost one is the lack of professional opportunity in poor countries. increasing number of new graduates places pressure on the job market, which makes job-searching a very major task. Another factor behind this problem is salary. The income is not at par with the dedication and effort one puts in a job. Further, the working environment does not cater to the needs of the intellectuals. For these reasons, competent individuals prefer to leave their motherland and shift outside the country.

Taking into consideration all the causes, measures to stop brain draining can be constructively structured. The labor market needs to be expanded to create more job opportunities. Furthermore, extra pay or promotions can also help retain the talent. Lastly, it is important to construct a professional working environment which can help the skilful employees to develop their own capability.

Hence, it is pretty clear that there are obvious reasons encouraging the brain capital flight in developing countries. However, I understand that if proper steps are implemented, we will be able to tackle the problem and help solve it for a better future.

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Essay on Brain Drain for Children and Students

Table of Contents

Brain Drain is the term used to state a significant emigration of educated and talented individuals. It occurs in countries such as India where the employment opportunities are not at par with the educated youth in the nation. Brain Drain is a slang used to describe a considerable emigration of highly educated and brilliant individuals. It is mainly an outcome of lack of good employment opportunities within a nation.

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Long and Short Essay on Brain Drain in English

Below we have provided short and long essay on brain drain of varying lengths in English for your information and knowledge and to help you with the topic whenever you required.

After going through the essays you will know what is brain drain; what are its impacts on the growth of a nation; what are the causes of brain drain; what steps had the government taken to prevent brain drain and what steps should be further taken by the government.

You can use these brain drain essay in your school/college events like speech giving, essay writing and debate etc.

Brain Drain Essay – 1 (200 words)

Migration of a significant number of educated and talented people from a country is referred to as Brain Drain. It occurs because of better job prospects in other countries as compared to one’s own country. Besides, brain drain may even occur at industrial or organizational levels when there is mass exodus from a company or industry as the other offers a better pay and other benefits. Brain Drain is a loss for the country, organization and industry as it takes away the most talented individuals of the lot.

The term, brain drain is often used to describe the emigration of scientists, doctors, engineers and other high profile professionals such as those in the banking and finance sector. Their emigration has a negative impact on their places of origin. In case of geographic brain drain, in addition to the loss of expertise, the consumer spending in the country also suffers immense loss. Hence, it can be a major loss for the country’s economy.

While the geographic brain drain occurs due to better financial prospects and standard of living in other countries, organizational brain drain may be caused due to various reasons including poor leadership, unreasonable work pressure, low salary package and lack of professional growth.

Brain Drain Essay – 2 (300 words)

Introduction.

Brain Drain refers to the mass departure of learned and talented people from a country, organization or industry. It causes a major problem for their place of origin as it suffers loss of talent that in turn impacts their economic condition. Many countries and organizations around the world are undergoing this grave issue due to various factors.

The Origin of the Term – Brain Drain

The term brain drain was sprint by the Royal Society. It was initially coined to refer to the mass departure of the scientists and technologists from the post-war Europe to North America. However, as per another source, this term first sprung up in the United Kingdom and it referred to the arrival of the Indian engineers and scientists. Brain waste and brain circulation are other similar terms.

Initially, the term referred to the technology workers immigrating to another nation however over the time it has become a general term used to describe the mass departure of talented and skilled individuals from one country, industry or organization to another in search of better paying jobs and higher standard of living.

Brain Drain a Common Phenomenon in Developing Countries

While certain first world counties such as UK have also experienced major brain drain, the phenomenon is more common in developing countries such as India and China. There are many factors that are responsible for brain drain in these countries. Higher salaries, better medical facilities, access to advanced technology, better standard of living and more stable political conditions are among few of the things that attract professionals towards the developed countries.

Several countries across the globe are facing the problem of brain drain and the government of these countries are taking certain measures to control the same however the problem still persists. Better plans need to be put in to place to control this issue.

Brain Drain Essay – 3 (400 words)

Brain Drain is a broad term used to describe mass migration of highly talented and skilled individuals from one country to another. The term is also used to refer to the mass departure of skilled professionals from one industry or organization to another to seek better pay and other benefits.

Types of Brain Drain

As mentioned above brain drain occurs at three levels – geographic, organizational and industrial. Here is a look at these different types of Brain Drain in detail:

• Geographical Brain Drain

It is referred to the departure of highly brilliant and skilled individuals to another country in search of better paying jobs. It has a negative impact of their home country’s economy and overall development.

• Organizational Brain Drain

The mass exodus of highly talented, skilled and creative employees from one organization to join another is referred to as organizational brain drain. It weakens the organization and toughens competition.

• Industrial Brain Drain

It is the departure of employees from one industry in search of better jobs in other industries. It disturbs the working of the industries where brain drain occurs.

Factors Causing Brain Drain

There are different factors that cause brain drain at different levels. Though these factors are more or less the same, here is a look at these category wise:

• Geographic Brain Drain

Here are the factors responsible for geographic brain drain:

• Unstable political conditions of a country
• Reservation system (in India) that denies good jobs to the deserving candidates and mostly provides high pay packages to the non-deserving ones
• Low standard of living
• Lack of good employment opportunities
• Lack of good medical facilities

It generally occurs due to the following reasons:

• Lack of good leadership and management in the organization
• Low or no scope of growth
• Pay packages lower than the market standards
• Lack of fair play while giving promotions
• No appreciation for work
• Stringent working hours
• Unreasonable work pressure
• Relocation to a remote place also causes people to look for job elsewhere

Here are some of the top reasons for industrial brain drain:

• Low salary package
• Low growth prospects
• Undue work load
• Health hazards attached to certain industries

The factors responsible for brain drain have clearly identified. All that needs to done is to control these in order to overcome the issue. Among other things, there is a need to float better job opportunities in the market, offer pay packages at par with a person’s skill and create a healthy work environment to avoid this issue.

Brain Drain Essay – 4 (500 words)

Brain Drain, the process of talented individuals migrating from their home country to another in search of better job prospects and enhanced standard of living, is a growing problem these days. It is a loss for the country of origin as they lose out on talent that impacts their economy negatively. A number of countries across the world see a major pool of talent moving out each year.

Countries Suffering Brain Drain

While the third world countries suffer majorly from the issue of brain drain, developed countries are not safe either. Here is a look at the countries suffering major brain drain:

• The United Kingdom

The United Kingdom that attracts numerous immigrants each year with its attractive pay packages and high standard of living also sees a major brain drain. Several individuals with University degrees have left UK, their country of origin, to seek jobs in other parts of the world.

The education system of India considered to quite strong and one that produces extremely talented and highly intelligent youth who in demand in every part of the world. Indians get good packages outside along with better standard of living and thus leave their country.

Greece has also included in the list of countries facing the brain drain problem lately. The debt crises explosion in 2008 led to a rapid increase in this issue. A majority of the people from Greece migrate to Germany each year.

Iran known for religious dictatorship and political oppression and this has led more than 4 million Iranians to migrate to other countries.

The civil war in Nigeria is one of the main reasons for Brain Drain in the country. A large number of Nigerians migrate to US each year in search of better job prospects and better standard of living.

Malaysia has also been facing the problem of Brain Drain mainly because its neighbouring country, Singapore offers better paying jobs there by sucking the former’s talent.

China, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mexico and Jamaica are among the other countries that suffer major brain drain.

Impact on the Place of Origin

Brain Drain is not only geographic, large number of talented individuals migrating from one organization to another or from one industry to another also known as Brain Drain. When a pool of highly talented and skilled individuals leaves their country, organization or industry and moves to another one in search of better prospects it is an obvious loss for their original place as the work at the later place suffers and so does its economic prosperity. In case of geographic brain drain, the immigration of doctors and engineers also has a negative impact on the society as a whole.

The countries and organizations facing major brain drain problem should analyze the factors responsible for the same and work upon improving the conditions to avoid this issue. It will help boost their place of origin economically.

Brain Drain Essay – 5 (600 words)

When a pool of learned and talented professionals especially doctors, engineers and those belonging to the financial sector leave their country of origin to seek better job opportunities in another country it known as Brain Drain. The problem is quite common in developing countries such as India. The mass exodus of employees from one company or industry to join the other also counted as Brain Drain.

India Suffers Major Brain Drain

Indians are making the country proud by excelling in different fields and securing highly paid jobs in different parts of the world. They are known to be brilliant in the fields of business and technology and there have been several reports stating that Indians form a major part of United State’s technology industry. Indians have thus contributed majorly towards building U.S. technology and in turn its economy. If they had contributed even half as much in the development of India, the country would have been in a better shape currently.

India suffers a major Brain Drain as the employment opportunities available here are not at par with the quality of education provided. Some of the other factors include the unfair reservation system, huge taxes and low standard of living.

Ways to Control Brain Drain

The geographic brain drain as well as that happening at organizational level is equally difficult to deal with. So why not avoid it in the first place. Here are a few ways to overcome the problem of geographic as well as organizational brain drain:

Do Away with the Quota System

In countries such as India, the talented lot suffer at the hands of the quota system. Many undeserving people from the reserved category secure highly paid jobs while the deserving candidates have to settle for lesser paying ones. It is but natural for such deserving individuals to seek job that is at par with their talent in a different country and shift base at the first opportunity they get. It is high time the government of India should do away with this biased quota system.

Let Merit be the Sole Decider

Apart from the quota system, people also preferred based on their creed, race and other things that have nothing to do with their talent when it comes to giving jobs. Many people have an inclination of giving jobs to those belonging to their own community or town. All this must stopped and a person must get job based on his merit and ability.

Fair Promotion

Many bosses have a liking for certain employees and a dislike for others. Often times it seen that even if an employee working hard and is doing a good job he still misses out on the promotion and the one who is the boss’ favourite get promoted even though he does not qualify in certain parameters. This causes dissatisfaction among the employees and they seek better opportunities outside.

Improve Leadership

It said that an employee does not leave the organization, he leaves his boss. Lack of good leaders and managers can cost the company a number of talented employees. People encouraged and rewarded for their work and if this does not happen at right time, they feel demotivated and look for opportunities outside.

Salary Packages

An organization must be fair when it comes to deciding salary packages. There should not be huge variation when it comes to salary packages of the employees working at the same level. Also, salary package must at par with market standards else employee will leave as soon as he gets a deserving package.

One of ways to uplift economy of developing countries such as India is to control problem of Brain Drain. Ways to control this problem such as ones mentioned here must taken seriously and implemented by government.

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Brain drain

Level B2 / C1

Topic Business , Social issues

Type Business English , General English

Lesson plan overview

This B2-C1 ESL lesson plan is about brain drain, or human capital flight, which is a problem affecting many, mostly developing, countries. It can be used both as a Business English lesson and General English lesson. Students will discuss reasons for moving abroad, the situation in their countries, the negative consequences of brain drain, as well as possible ways to address the emigration of highly skilled individuals. It can be combined with the lessons “ The happiest countries in the world ”, “ Overpopulation ” “ Climate refugees ”, and “ Idioms: moving abroad ”. The lesson starts with 2 speaking activities . First, students look at common reasons for moving abroad and put them in order of importance. Next, they look at news headlines and a map of the world showing how different countries are affected by brain drain, and complete the definition of the term “brain drain”. After making sure students understand the term, they discuss 6 questions given. Vocabulary: Students look at different statements, including the target vocabulary from this lesson ( e.g. exodus, diaspora, dead-end career, seek greener pastures, human capital flight, workforce shortage ). They match the phrases to their definitions and then discuss the sentences, comparing them to the situation in their own country. To practise the vocabulary, students paraphrase 5 sentences, completing them with an expression from the previous activity. Pre-listening and listening: Before watching the video for this lesson, students brainstorm measures to address brain drain, Then they watch the video “ What is brain drain? “, and complete 2 activities. Speaking: Finally, students look at more measures to mitigate the effects of brain drain, and discuss different aspects of each one. You can use the conversation cards to review the target vocabulary from this lesson. You can combine this lesson with other lessons related to migration, developing and developed countries, job prospects and living abroad.

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1 Minute Speech on Brain Drain in English

Respected Principal, teachers and my dear friends, a wonderful morning to all of you. Today on this special occasion, I would like to speak some words on the topic- Brain Drain.

Some of the causes of brain drain are fewer resources and a higher rate of unemployment in the home country, which leads to people looking for options abroad. However, this has dire consequences for the home country since it is takes away individuals of skill and talent who could have led the country to a brighter future.

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Debate on Brain Drain | Brain Drain is Not a Bane for a Developing Country

March 7, 2022 by Prasanna

What is Brain Drain?: Brain drain is the migration of skilled human resources for higher education, better living standards or to earn more money.

You can also find more  Debate Writing  articles on events, persons, sports, technology and many more.

Debate on Brain Drain

Honorable judges, respected chief guest and all the esteemed audience here. I wish a pleasant morning to everyone present here for the Debate on Brain Drain.

The name and fame of our country are due to we people and the growth and development of the country depend on the intelligence and resourcefulness of its people. So how can a country think of its development if all our talents run towards the advanced countries living behind their own country? So here I am with the topic ‘Debate on Brain Drain’ against it.

Brain Drain is a major issue with which India is trying to cope up with. No Doubt, the massive loss of talent has a negative impact on national growth. Thousands of talented Engineers, IT technicians, physicians, scientists, accountants, administrators, teachers are among the thousands of skilled professionals who migrate to advanced countries like the U.S.A., Europe, U.K., Canada, America, Australia, New Zealand, and UAE. It is very sad but true that India is acting as a nursery where they develop qualified professionals for advanced countries around the world. One of the biggest reasons for brain drain is it benefits foreign countries.

What is the reason for Brain Drain? Through this debate on Brain Drain let us discuss the factors that influence brain drain. Better living standards, higher income, better health services, a better working climate, and more incentives are only a few of the factors that attract skilled youths to move to advanced countries.

One of the serious issues causing a brain drain in India is Unemployment. Millions of engineers, doctors and other professionals graduate every year in India and among that only 40% get a good job and the rest 60% remain unemployed. The main reason for unemployment is population. The population of our country is 1.2 billion and granting jobs to the whole of the youth of the country is next to impossible. Millions of students are graduating every year in India, so it’s nearly impossible to give a job to every graduate. Jobs are not matching the growing population, thousands of youth remain unemployed, and they have no option to migrate to foreign countries as they welcome them with joy.

In India, you can get any reputed job with just a recommendation from a higher officer. That’s it, there is no need for many talents. You don’t have to clear any exam or an interview to get a job because this is India. Therefore, there is no surprise why our people are more successful in foreign countries because they value talent, not money or any recommendation.

The next reason for brain drain is a lifestyle. The lifestyle of foreign countries is better than the lifestyle of India. In foreign countries, you have new advancements, new technology, modern lifestyle and moreover, there is no corruption. Also, the rape percentage is few as compared to India. So people feel more happy and secure.

In my Debate on Brain Drain let me give some examples to explain my view that why I am against the motion of ‘Debate on Brain Drain’ in a better way: Nobel Laureate Dr. Hargobind Khorana who worked on Human Genome failed to secure a job in IISc Bengaluru due to institutional politics and at last because of no alternative left, he went to the USA to pursue his career further.

Similarly, In one more case due to ignorance of government., a large Particle Accelerator Project (similar to Large Hydro Collider at CERN) in partnership with some foreign Institute could not be established in India. So today, a person studying Particle Physics will surely like to go abroad for his further studies.  We are aware that the scope for Research and Development work in our country is not to a higher extent. A large portion of the population still wants to employ their children only as Doctors, Engineers or in any government job. Or else they have to go abroad for any type of research work and development work.

Indra Nooyi is the CEO of PepsiCo, Satya Nadella is the CEO of Microsoft, and Sundar Pichai is the CEO of Google. All these CEOs are Indians, if they can become CEO in the USA so why can’t they become CEO in India. The main reason behind this is because in India, there is no value of talent and it’s damn true.

Debate on Brain drain highlights how harmful it is for any country. Brain Drain directly affects the economy and social area of a country. We cannot deny the fact that other advanced countries provide better salary scales to talented people but every country itself needs this type of people because they can help in the development of the country. Almost every top 5 student in many higher levels of educational institutions is the one to go out. Our country provides them with the best resources like scholarships and they go away without helping our India.

In addition to this, in my Debate on Brain Drain, I would also like to point out that brain drain is bad for not just one country which is losing its talents but also bad for countries that are constantly consuming talent from other countries. The country constantly consuming talent from outside deprives its own people of job opportunities and offers the same to people from other countries.

Solution of brain drain requires efforts from all these three parties involved in it. Countries losing talent should create better and competitive opportunities to stop the brain drain. Country-consuming talent should keep a check that they don’t over-consume and create problems for their own people. Talented people should have more patience and should serve their own country.

To stop this Indian government should realise these factors of brain drain and try to improve the country’s work culture, infrastructure, and resources for qualified professionals. The Indian government should encourage to build world-class living standards, high salary packages, transparency, financial and health protection, incentives, a secure environment at the workplace and so on so that brain drain can be stopped. With this, I conclude my Debate on Brain Drain.

FAQ’s on Debate on Brain Drain

Question 1. What is Brain Drain?

Answer: Brain drain can be described as the process in which a country loses its talented professionals and talented workers to other countries through migration. This trend is considered a problem because the most highly skilled and competent individuals leave the country, and contribute their expertise to the economy of other countries and the country they leave can suffer economic hardships.

Question 2. What are the factors affecting brain drain?

Answer: The main causes of brain drain are unemployment or higher-paying jobs, political instability, and seeking a better quality of life. Some other factors are the absence of research facilities, discrimination, economic underdevelopment, lack of freedom, and poor working environments. Higher paying jobs and a better quality of life attract people to foreign countries. Modernized educational systems allow superior training, intellectual freedom, and rich cultures are the key features affecting brain drain.

Question 3. What can prevent Brain Drain?

Answer: In order to solve the issue of brain drain, some basic initiatives that can tackle it are:

• Proper payment structured
• Tackling Underemployment
• Rural and Urban development
• Placement in the country itself
• Proper work culture
• No corruption
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2.Class 11 & 12 Best Debate Writing Topic : “Brain drain

“Brain drain is not a bane for a developing country like India”. Write a debate in 150-200 words either for or against the motion.

FOR THE MOTION

  Honourable members of the jury, my fellow competitors and worthy audience, today I’m going to express my views in favour of the motion “Brain drain is not a bane for a developing country like India”. First of all, I would like to ask how many intelligent persons go to foreign countries every year on average. Dear friends, the number are just a handful.

 India, the largest democracy in the world, with a population of more than 120 billion, is a fast developing country. No doubt many students realise their dream to go abroad to study and earn a lot of money but that is just a myth. The reality is that more than 80% of the people who go abroad to study are those who are not competent enough to get admission in Indian universities. In fact, the brain drain hardly has any effect on developing countries like India because the real geniuses remain in our own country. A developing country like India works on its resources. The major resource that India has is the human resource. India is a land of geniuses and learned people and this is evident from the fact that India has done so much in the field of science and technology from Mars Mission to the latest launch of IRNSS-1F satellite. Indian educational institutions are supposed to be among the world’s best.

Thus, a culturally diverse, economically strong, socially bonded country like India can never be affected by the trivial issue of brain drain.

AGAINST THE MOTION

  Honourable members of the jury, my fellow competitors and worthy audience, today I’m going to express my views against the topic “Brain drain is not a bane for a developing country like India”. Dear friends, what is a country? Is it just land, rivers, mountains? Or it is the people? No doubt, a country is due to its people and there is absolutely no doubt in the fact that development and growth are equally proportionate to the intelligence and resourcefulness of people. In fact, for any developing country, human resources are the most important thing. How can a country progress if most of its intelligent brains have migrated to some other place? That is the crises that we all are facing these days. We are not able to hold the brainy, intelligent, productive people in our country due to corruption and nepotism. India, being a developing country, has to work hard to sustain and nurture its growth. But ‘brain drain’ has proved to be a great hindrance in this field. Development is not possible without the intelligent scientists, doctors, lawyers, businessman, etc. but unfortunately the youth have got so much frustrated with the system that they don’t want to stay in India.

 This ‘brain drain’ is no doubt a bane for every developing country because it is one of the major factors which impedes the growth of a country and ultimately brings all development to a standstill.

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How Should the World Perceive Today’s Hong Kong?

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Hollowed out by Beijing, the city, once the world’s freest society, should be viewed as an example of the state of post-authoritarianization.

Since the end of the city’s largest pro-democracy protests in 2019, Hong Kong has been undergoing an all-around overhaul orchestrated by Beijing. The Beijing-imposed National Security Law (NSL) and the city’s new security law (Article 23) have led to the disbandment of pro-democracy groups, media, and civil society organizations, with their leaders being persecuted by the Hong Kong authorities and harassed by Beijing-backed propaganda. 

Hong Kong was once known as the world’s freest society, but those freedoms have been largely, if not entirely, extinguished. The impact of stifled freedoms goes beyond civil liberties: The city’s economy is struggling, and people are emigrating. A recent briefing on Hong Kong published by the Council on Geostrategy highlighted how Beijing has hollowed out the city.

Amidst escalating geopolitical tensions, the world may need to reconsider its perception of Hong Kong. Beijing has reshaped and maintained firm control over the city to advance its global ambitions. The authoritarianization of Hong Kong also raises important questions for political scientists regarding how a semi-democratic system was dismantled when a totalitarian regime assumed power.

A Hollowed-out City Refilled by Beijing’s Strategic Goals

The two security laws stifled Hong Kong’s freedoms, the most crucial element of the city’s success. Subsequent security schemes have made it nearly impossible to hold protests, and events organized by pro-democracy groups are often canceled at the last minute under indirect pressure from Beijing. 

For individuals, Beijing’s national security regime has become a de facto collective punishment for what Hong Kongers did in 2019. Shop owners who supported the pro-democracy movement or sympathized with movement leaders have reported being fined for violating various rules such as hygiene and fire safety. Students, including those who are intellectually challenged, are being criticized by school inspectors for not taking China’s national anthem seriously, and football fans have been arrested for not singing the anthem properly.

Due to Beijing’s firm grip over the city, almost half a million people from Hong Kong have left since the NSL was implemented in 2020. This mass exodus has led to a decrease in the city’s workforce, which, combined with China’s economic slowdown, has resulted in a slow economic recovery for Hong Kong. Even though Hong Kong authorities successfully lobbied Beijing to allow more residents from mainland China to visit the city, the number of inbound visitors is only half of the highest recorded level, which was in 2018.

Despite the sluggish performance, it appears that Beijing is willing to accommodate the policy demands of Hong Kong’s Chief Executive John Lee. The hollowed-out Hong Kong has made it a testing ground for Beijing’s global ambitions, including enhancing financial ties with the Middle East, debuting as a shadow marketplace for advanced chips for the mainland, and serving as a trading hub for Beijing’s allies like Russia and North Korea. 

As long as Lee continues to uphold the national security regime and align with Beijing’s global strategic goals, Beijing looks willing to support him, even if he shows signs of incompetence in governing the city. As a result, the city is more focused on meeting Beijing’s needs than its own.

Growing Dysfunctional Governance

Since Beijing assumed control of Hong Kong in 1997, the city’s pro-democracy camp has served as the opposition, aiming to slow down policies that could negatively affect Hong Kongers. In certain instances, the camp has put forward proposals that the government has ultimately adopted. 

Policy competition among government officials, pro-democracy lawmakers, and their pro-Beijing counterparts has created a functional yet imperfect balance in the policymaking cycle. Across various areas, such as welfare and infrastructure, the pro-democracy camp had held the government accountable and yielded some tangible results.

Nevertheless, the complete wipeout of pro-democracy lawmakers and local councilors under Beijing’s banner of “patriots administering Hong Kong” dismantled this imperfect balance. In the absence of free and open elections, the legitimacy of the Hong Kong authorities now depends heavily on their policies, especially in taxation and welfare, to address the grievances of the people of Hong Kong. For example, the government reversed its decision on the waste tax, which was initially passed into law in 2021 but faced two delays in implementation. Additionally, they have chosen to continue the public transportation subsidy for the elderly despite increasing costs.

The government’s efforts to maintain legitimacy through financial means are straining the city’s public reserve. The Hong Kong authorities have largely struggled to balance their budget since COVID-19, with the exodus of Hong Kongers and a bleak economic forecast leading to a significant drop in government income. Hinting that balancing the books may not happen in a short timeframe, the financial secretary even doubled down on issuing government bonds for infrastructure projects.  

Leaders of the Hong Kong authorities are unlikely to admit the structural deficits, let alone their failure to stimulate the economy. Lee and his Cabinet also create distractions to shield themselves from further criticism. These distractions range from ramping up national security rhetoric to criticizing Argentine football superstar Lionel Messi for not playing in a friendly match while in Hong Kong. These actions indicate that the current administration has little intention of addressing the city’s underlying problems. The growing dysfunctional governance is truly worrying.

New Wine in an Old Bottle?

Amid the security regime and the exodus of Hong Kongers, foreign judges, and corporations from the city, both Beijing and Hong Kong have not stayed still. Beijing is encouraging mainland corporations to be listed on the city’s stock exchange instead of in the West. Meanwhile, Chinese firms are expanding their presence in Hong Kong by establishing new “international” headquarters and occupying office spaces left vacant by their Western counterparts. 

Additionally, the Hong Kong authorities have introduced new schemes to attract residents, with mainland Chinese individuals predominantly taking advantage of the scheme. Even Cathay Pacific has made a notable move by hiring their first-ever cabin crew from mainland China, possibly in response to pressure from Beijing’s propaganda.

For mainlanders, being a resident of Hong Kong is considered more privileged than being subject to China’s hukou (household registration) system, which is not practiced in the city. Residents of Hong Kong have access to better healthcare and higher education compared to those in mainland China. Additionally, the Hong Kong passport, which mainlanders can obtain after becoming permanent residents, enjoys greater travel convenience as it allows them to travel to most parts of the world visa-free, unlike Chinese passports. 

With Chinese companies expanding their presence in Hong Kong, mainlanders may have an advantage, in terms of language and culture, when seeking employment with these firms compared to the locals.

It is uncertain whether these new residents of Hong Kong will learn to speak Cantonese, embrace the common desire for freedom, and otherwise adopt the cultural markers that have long defined Hong Kong. However, what is certain is that there will be a continuous influx of well-educated, middle-class individuals from mainland China to the city, viewing it as a preferable place to live.

Concluding Note: The 2047 “Deadline”

It is important to recognize that while Beijing is stifling Hong Kong’s freedoms, simply categorizing the city as “one country, one system” overlooks the impact of systems and traditions inherited from the British era. From a low and simple tax system to a U.S. dollar-pegged currency to efficient public services, these characteristics make Hong Kong unique from the rest of the mainland. The world should look beyond the democratic-totalitarian dichotomy to understand what is happening in the city and how Beijing exploits those systems and traditions to its advantage.

However, Hong Kong’s unique status may face challenges in the near future. The “one country, two systems” guarantee under the Sino-British Joint Declaration is set to expire in 2047. Although Beijing has stated that the Declaration is “a historical document, [and] no longer has any practical significance,” Hong Kong’s status as a Special Administrative Region (SAR) with a capitalist system within the People’s Republic remains unchanged as of today. 

There are concerns that the city may experience a crisis of confidence if Beijing does not announce in the next decade that it will uphold Hong Kong’s capitalist system beyond 2047, and, crucially, its status as a SAR. 

Only time will tell if the new Hong Kongers stand up and defend what makes the city unique and attracts them to resettle, but at present, the future of Hong Kong looks grim.

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The Sunday Read: ‘The Kidnapping I Can’t Escape’

Fifty years ago, her father’s friend was taken at gunpoint on long island. then he went on with his life — and that’s the part that haunts her..

By Taffy Brodesser-Akner

Read by Gabra Zackman

Produced by Adrienne Hurst and Aaron Esposito

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On Nov. 12, 1974, Taffy Brodesser-Akner’s father’s childhood friend Jack Teich was kidnapped out of his driveway in the nicest part of the nicest part of Long Island. He was arriving home from work when two men forced him into their car at gunpoint and took him to a house where they chained and interrogated him.

On the second day of his kidnapping, Jack’s wife, Janet, received a call from someone demanding a ransom of $750,000, and a few days later, Janet and Jack’s brother Buddy dropped the money off at Penn Station under F.B.I. surveillance. The F.B.I. did not catch the kidnapper, but afterward, he decided to let Jack go.

Jack was home safe. He had survived his kidnapping. But the actual kidnapping is not what this story is about, if you can believe it. It’s about surviving what you survived, which is also known as the rest of your life.

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Additional production for The Sunday Read was contributed by Isabella Anderson, Anna Diamond, Sarah Diamond, Elena Hecht, Emma Kehlbeck, Tanya Pérez, Frannie Carr Toth and Krish Seenivasan.

Taffy Brodesser-Akner is a features writer for The New York Times Magazine, based in New York. More about Taffy Brodesser-Akner

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