phd water department full form

Texas A&M University

PHD, Water Management and Hydrological Science

College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Department of Interdisciplinary Degree Programs

Texas A&M University - College Station

The Water Management and Hydrological Science (WMHS) graduate degree program is supervised by an interdisciplinary faculty from multiple department and colleges. The faculty have expertise in the bio-physical, geo-chemical, management, public health, social sciences and engineering fields. The program offers two masters’ degrees (thesis and non-thesis options) and a PhD. The curriculum is designed to allow students to become leaders in their focal areas of water while making connections with colleagues in other related disciplines.

Each student must have a graduate committee chair before being accepted in the program. Students work with their chair and the advisory committee to develop a course of study satisfying the curriculum. A minimum of 64 credit hours beyond a master’s degree, with thesis, is required. Students complete 9 hours of WMHS courses, 18 hours of water courses, one research methods course, two statistics courses, 9 hours or more of free electives and a minimum of 18 credit hours of research.

Admissions Requirements

Deadline date, notable alumni, companies and organizations, mwm, water management and hydrological science, ms, water management and hydrological science, related programs, explore grad aggieland, four incoming graduate students awarded inaugural doctoral research excellence assistantships.

Texas A&M University congratulates four recipients of the inaugural Doctoral Research Excellence Assistantship: Ansley Levine (Marine Biology), Bryce Clausen (Psychological and Brain Sciences), Laurel Goldston (Nutrition) and Sungju Jung (Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning). The program offers funding competitive with peer institutions, attracting students with outstanding research backgrounds and the potential to bolster Texas A&M's research capacity and productivity.

The grad school arc

If you’re just starting your Ph.D., especially in a STEM field, Serina talks in her latest post about the differences between each year of a 5-year Ph. D. program.

International Institute of Water

PhD Programs

IIW provides the opportunity for doctoral students from all over the world to deepen their knowledge and equip them to be leaders in the development of transformative solutions for one of humanity’s most critical challenges, ensuring a sustainable and abundant water supply for generations to come. Our PhD programs boast modern faculty and research facilities, ensuring that students receive top-tier education and hands-on experience in this critical area of study.

PhD in Water Science and Management  PhD in Water Science and Management represents an advanced and multidisciplinary approach to understanding, conserving, and managing one of our planet’s most precious resources: water. This specialised doctoral program goes beyond traditional water-related disciplines and encompasses a wide spectrum of subjects, including hydrology, environmental science, policy development, and sustainable resource management. By combining scientific knowledge with practical management skills, graduates of this program are uniquely positioned to address complex water-related challenges at local, regional, and global levels.

Apply for a PhD position ➡️

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PhD: Full Form, Eligibility, Admission 2024, Fees, Syllabus, Entrance Exam, Scope

PhD or Doctor of Philosophy is the highest academic degree programme, mostly in every field of study. PhD curriculum covers extensive research and expertise, and research papers within a specific subject or even in an interdisciplinary subject. PhD or Doctor of Philosophy is requires at least a postgraduate degree programme, such as M.A , MSc , MTech or the students must have a great research paper with a recommendation. PhD course details vary depending on the discipline, university and guide. The guide in PhD plays a major role in suggestions and recommending the study material as well as helping them with new ideas.

Latest: Top Ph.d Colleges in India

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What is a Full Form of PhD?

Highlights - ph.d (doctor of philosophy), phd fees structure.

• Why Choose PhD?

PhD Eligibility Criteria

Skill required for phd degree, phd admission process, phd entrance exams, phd syllabus/subjects, phd specializations, what after phd, career opportunities after phd, salary after phd degree, top private phd colleges in india, top government phd colleges in india.

PhD course requires a high level of dedication, intellectual rigour, and perseverance. Graduates with a PhD or Doctor of Philosophy are recognised as experts in their preferred field, and it opens doors to multiple fields, such as academia, research institutions, and government-funded research programmes. Students who have completed PhD degree programmes are called “Doctors” and can use Dr. as a prefix before their name. In this article, we will discuss, PhD course details, such as PhD course duration, PhD course eligibility, PhD subjects, PhD course duration, PhD eligibility criteria, PhD admission process.

PhD full form is Doctor of Philosophy is a doctoral degree programme with a duration of three to six years. PhD degree can be pursued in almost any field such as English, Maths, Physics Linguistics, and Comparative Literature. Students can also pursue Ph.D. in interdisciplinary subjects, and they need to make a good research paper to apply directly to various universities.

PhD course fees differ from one university to another and generally depend on the institute, and specialisation. Before enrolling in any particular university, candidates should check the PhD admission process, PhD eligibility criteria and PhD course fees. Students who get the Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) will not pay the fees whereas they will get the scholarship for pursuing PhD degree. JRF for the Humanities, Social Science and Science subjects is Rs. 25,000 for the initial two years and Rs. 28,000 for the remaining tenure which is SRF (Senior Research Fellowship).

Why Choose PhD ?

A PhD degree offers a wide range of career opportunities for strengthening knowledge and expertise. PhD degree provides knowledge in a chosen field of study. Ph.D allows students to become experts in their niche, by providing various skills, such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical skills. PhD can open doors for various careers and employment options in multiple fields, such as academia, research, and government agencies, with good salary packages. Choosing a PhD can provide students with a lot of scope and also lifelong learning, intellectual growth, and a unique avenue for personal and professional growth.

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Students who want to pursue a PhD programme should have the required eligibility criteria. The detailed eligibility criteria for pursuing a PhD are given below.

• Students who have a master's degree are eligible for admission into the Ph.D. programmes.
• Students have to qualify for the national level examinations like National Eligibility Test for Lectureship (NET) conducted by NTA .
• Final admission is offered on the basis of the interview and research proposal.
• If candidates want to pursue PhD in the field of Engineering and Technology, he/she has to qualify for GATE, GATE, UGC-NET, and CSIR-UGC-NET with good marks. Also, for admission to Ph.D. Engineering, candidates should complete their degree in M.Tech/M.E in any branch of engineering .

PhD or Doctor of Philosophy degree in India requires students to develop a lot of skills to succeed academically. Skills might vary depending on the chosen specialisation. In the table below, we have mentioned some of the essential skills required for a Ph.D. degree.

Admissions in some universities are offered on the basis of students' merit in the entrance examination although few universities provide admission based on the research proposal and the interview process.

• PhD admission process is available both online and offline.
• If a candidate is applying to a university, he/she should download the application form online from the official website of the university.
• Applicants need to fill out the UGC NET or other entrance examination forms and appear for it.
• They should have a research proposal based on which universities can shortlist the candidates.
• After qualifying the examinations, candidates can appear for the interview round and pursue the PhD degree programme.

UGC NET: University Grants Commission National Eligibility Test or UGC NET is a national-level entrance test conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA). UGC NET is conducted by NTA, twice a year for admission in doctoral programmes.

CSIR UGC NET : CSIR UGC Test for JRF and Eligibility for Lectureship or CSIR UGC NET is a national-level entrance examination conducted by National Testing Agency (NTA) for admission to Ph.D. degree programmes.

PhD subjects and syllabus can vary from one university to another along with the specialisation. PhD subjects will be different based on the area of the study, as it depends on the research proposal, the guide and the students. Based on the mentioned factors, further study will be done although the first two semesters will be similar for the main subject. In the table below, we have mentioned the PhD English syllabus of Presidency University.

In the table below, we have mentioned the syllabus for PhD Mathematics of Manonmaniam Sundaranar University.

There are various specialisations an individual can opt for PhD course programme. Some of the PhD specialisations are popular among those who are interested in entering higher education. Naming few of them are:

• PhD in Management
• PhD in Physics
• PhD in Computer Science
• PhD in Economics
• PhD in Mathematics
• PhD Microbiology

After completing a PhD degree programme students have a wide range of career options. Many graduates choose academia and become professors or research associates at universities and colleges. Professor teach, write research papers, and journals, and mentor students. Some graduates enter various industries such as technology, healthcare, or finance, contributing to innovation and problem-solving. Government agencies and non-profit organisations also seek PhD holders for policy analysis, consulting, and advocacy roles.

In this section, we have mentioned the careers that can be pursued after completing PhD degree programme.

University Professor/ Lecturer : After pursuing PhD, graduates can become university professors or lecturers. They teach and conduct research in their respective fields and are responsible for mentoring students, curriculum development, and publishing research papers.

Research Scientist : Research scientists are professionals who work in various sectors, including academia, technology, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and government research institutions. They research, write the thesis and publish the findings in the journals.

Consultant/Advisor: Consultants or advisors conduct market research and solve complex problems and provide solutions to clients. They provide expert advice to their clients and join major financial companies such as McKinsey, Boston Consulting Group, and Deloitte.

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PhD salary depends on various factors such as the specialisations and college reputation, work experience, experience in the particular field, location of work, and skill sets. Below, we have mentioned the PhD salary.

In India, there are a number of private colleges that offer PhD degrees. Private universities are significantly more expensive than public universities. Some of the top private PhD colleges and the PhD fees are mentioned in the table below:

Government-run college is less expensive than private college and are well known for their high academic standards throughout India. The following are some of the best government PhD colleges and also PhD fees:

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

Candidates should have a master’s degree in any discipline to get an admission to Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy).

Yes, candidates have to appear for the national level examination or the entrance examination conducted by the particular university/college.

Ph.D. holder has the opportunity to become researcher, scientist, professor, journalist, independent consultant, human services worker, editor, critic, lecturer etc. A Ph.D. holder can also apply for a job in the finance sector, public sector etc.

There is a chance for Ph.D. graduates to work in other countries. If you are a Ph.D. graduate, any company will take you as right now Ph.D.is the highest level of academic degree anyone can earn so for the companies, you are the expert in the subject.

The duration of Ph.D. is usually between 2 to 7 years depending on the field you are researching.

The prominent universities which offer a degree in Ph.D. are Amity University, Noida, Tata institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, KCG college of Technology, Chennai, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, Chennai Mathematical Institute, Indian Statistical Institute (ISI).

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Questions related to Ph.D

No,phd degree is the highest possible academic degree a student can obtain in relevant discipline only the similar subjects students can opt for the psychology course like BSC degree holders

Moreover you can do phd in your own discipline PhD in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. PhD in Periodontology. PhD in Pedodontics. Are the dominant areas of your subject where you can do research.

The admission process for a PhD program typically involves several steps, which can vary slightly depending on the country, university, and specific program. Here's a general outline of the process

- Choose a Research Area: Identify your field of interest and the specific area you want to focus on for your PhD research.

-  Research universities that offer PhD programs in your chosen area. Consider factors like faculty expertise, research facilities, funding opportunities, and location.

Check Eligibility Criteria

- Educational Qualifications: Most PhD programs require a master’s degree in a relevant field. Some programs may accept candidates with a bachelor’s degree, especially in countries like the US.

-  In many countries, you may need to pass entrance exams like the GRE (Graduate Record Examination), GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering), or subject-specific tests.

- For programs taught in English, non-native speakers may need to submit TOEFL or IELTS scores.

Identify a Research Supervisor

-  Reach out to faculty members whose research aligns with your interests. Some programs require you to have a confirmed supervisor before applying, while others match students with supervisors after admission.

Prepare Required Documents

- Write a detailed SOP explaining your research interests, why you want to pursue a PhD, and why you chose the specific program and university.

- Include your academic and professional background, research experience, publications, and relevant skills.

Submit the Application

- Fill out the application form on the university’s website. Submit all required documents

Entrance Exams and Interviews

- Some universities require you to take a written entrance exam.

-if shortlisted, you may be called for an interview to discuss your research proposal, academic background, and suitability for the program.

Admission Decision

- Offer Letter: If accepted, you’ll receive an offer letter from the university. This may be conditional, requiring you to meet certain criteria before final admission.

- Confirm your acceptance of the offer. You may need to pay a deposit or fulfill other requirements.

Yes, pursuing a PhD in astrology, especially with a background in Sanskrit literature, is possible, though it may not be a traditional academic path. Here's how you can approach it:

1. Research Institutions and Programs

Academic Institutions : Look for universities or research institutions that offer programs in astrology or related fields like Vedic studies, occult sciences, or ancient Indian sciences. While mainstream universities might not offer a PhD specifically in astrology, institutions focusing on Indian traditional knowledge or spiritual studies might have related programs.

Alternative Institutions : Some specialized institutions or organizations that focus on astrology, Vedic sciences, or traditional Indian knowledge might offer research opportunities or doctoral programs. Examples include some traditional Indian universities or institutions dedicated to Vedic studies.

2. PhD in Related Fields

Vedic Studies : Many universities offer PhDs in Vedic studies or ancient Indian sciences, where astrology can be a focus area. Your background in Sanskrit literature would be beneficial here as astrology is deeply connected with Vedic texts and Sanskrit literature.

Religious Studies : Some programs in religious studies or comparative religion might allow for research in astrology, especially if it relates to specific religious or cultural traditions.

3. Prepare Your Research Proposal

Define Your Focus : Clearly define your research interests within astrology. This could involve studying historical texts, analyzing astrological methods, or exploring the cultural impact of astrology.

Literature Review : Conduct a comprehensive review of existing literature related to astrology and its historical and cultural context. This will help you in formulating a robust research proposal.

4. Find a Supervisor

• Expertise : Identify potential supervisors who have expertise in astrology, Vedic sciences, or related areas. Reach out to them with your research proposal and discuss your interests.

5. Apply for the Program

Application Process : Follow the application process for the chosen program. This will typically include submitting your research proposal, academic transcripts, and other required documents.

Entrance Exams : Some institutions might have entrance exams or interviews as part of their selection process.

6. Explore Non-Academic Routes

Independent Research : If formal academic programs are limited, you might consider pursuing independent research in astrology. This could involve publishing papers, contributing to journals focused on astrology, or participating in conferences.

Online Platforms : Engage with online platforms or institutions that offer courses, certifications, or research opportunities in astrology.

7. Professional Organizations

• Astrology Associations : Join professional organizations or associations related to astrology. They often provide resources, networking opportunities, and information about advanced studies or research.

While pursuing a PhD specifically in astrology might be unconventional, your background in Sanskrit literature and interest in astrology can be a strong foundation for research in related fields. By exploring specialized institutions, related academic programs, and alternative research paths, you can find opportunities to further your studies and contribute to the field of astrology.

Hope it helps !

Sunrise University in Alwar, Rajasthan, is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC), which means that its degrees, including a PhD in Physiotherapy, are generally considered valid and recognized for employment purposes, including government jobs .

However, there have been concerns about the distribution of fake degrees in the past. Despite these issues, the UGC approval indicates that degrees from this institution are legitimate.

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Civil engineering - phd (water) at waterloo, program information.

Watch the How to apply to Waterloo graduate studies video

*NOTE: If the posted application deadline has passed, domestic applicants and international applicants with minimal visa processing times are encouraged to contact [email protected] for alternate deadline information.

What does it take to get in?

Minimum admission requirements.

• A Master's degree, an 80% average in coursework and evidence of ability to pursue independent research.

Supervisors

• Review the finding a supervisor resources

Application materials

• The SIF contains questions specific to your program, typically about why you want to enrol and your experience in that field. Review the  application documents web page for more information about this requirement
• If a statement or letter is required by your program, review the  writing your personal statement resources  for helpful tips and tricks on completion

Transcript(s)

• Three  references are required; at least two from academic sources 
• TOEFL 80 (writing 22, speaking 20, reading 20, listening 18), IELTS 6.5 (writing 6.0, speaking 6.0)

How much will it cost?

• Use the student budget calculator to estimate your cost and resources
• Visit the  graduate program tuition page  on the Finance website to determine the tuition and incidental fees per term for your program
• Review the  study and living costs
• Review the funding graduate school resources for graduate students

What can you expect at Waterloo?

• Review the degree requirements in the Graduate Studies Academic Calendar, including the courses that you can anticipate taking as part of completing the degree
• Check out profiles of current graduate students to learn about their experience at Waterloo
• Check out Waterloo's institutional thesis repository - UWspace to see recent submissions from the department of Civil and Environmental Engineering graduate students
• Check out the Waterloo campus and city tours
• Review the  Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering website to see information about supervisors, research areas, news, and events

This program page is effective September 2023; it will be updated annually.  Any changes to the program page following this date will be indicated with a notation. 

We strive to provide you with the necessary information on each of our program pages.  Was there something you found helpful?  Was there anything missing?  Share your thoughts .

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The University of Waterloo acknowledges that much of our work takes place on the traditional territory of the Neutral, Anishinaabeg, and Haudenosaunee peoples. Our main campus is situated on the Haldimand Tract, the land granted to the Six Nations that includes six miles on each side of the Grand River. Our active work toward reconciliation takes place across our campuses through research, learning, teaching, and community building, and is co-ordinated within the Office of Indigenous Relations .

We have 270 water PhD Projects, Programmes & Scholarships

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water PhD Projects, Programmes & Scholarships

Illegal water use: assessing the extent, drivers, and solutions in irrigated agriculture, phd research project.

PhD Research Projects are advertised opportunities to examine a pre-defined topic or answer a stated research question. Some projects may also provide scope for you to propose your own ideas and approaches.

Funded PhD Project (UK Students Only)

This research project has funding attached. It is only available to UK citizens or those who have been resident in the UK for a period of 3 years or more. Some projects, which are funded by charities or by the universities themselves may have more stringent restrictions.

EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Water Infrastructure and Resilience (WIRe)

Funded phd programme (students worldwide).

Some or all of the PhD opportunities in this programme have funding attached. Applications for this programme are welcome from suitably qualified candidates worldwide. Funding may only be available to a limited set of nationalities and you should read the full programme details for further information.

EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training

EPSRC Centres for Doctoral Training conduct research and training in priority areas funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. Potential PhD topics are usually defined in advance. Students may receive additional training and development opportunities as part of their programme.

PhD Studentship in: Understanding risks from emerging contaminants (PFAS) to surface water resources

Smart distribution: online monitoring of biological water quality parameters in full-scale water distribution networks, funded phd project (students worldwide).

This project has funding attached, subject to eligibility criteria. Applications for the project are welcome from all suitably qualified candidates, but its funding may be restricted to a limited set of nationalities. You should check the project and department details for more information.

‘Water Stories: capturing, mapping and sharing stories and imagined futures in the Forth Water Basin’ - - A prestigious, fully-funded, 4-year PhD studentship linked to an exciting, ground-breaking £5m UKRI-funded Local Policy Innovation Partnership

Solar atmospheric water generation from air, self-funded phd students only.

This project does not have funding attached. You will need to have your own means of paying fees and living costs and / or seek separate funding from student finance, charities or trusts.

‘Optimising Individual, Community and Societal Value and Outcomes from Water Resources: the case of the Forth Water Basin’ - - A prestigious, fully-funded, 4-year PhD studentship linked to an exciting, ground-breaking £5m UKRI-funded Local Policy Innovation Partnership

The role of microbial activity on crop’s tolerance to drought stress, fouling control of water treatment membranes through optimal and sustainable cleaning strategies, awaiting funding decision/possible external funding.

This supervisor does not yet know if funding is available for this project, or they intend to apply for external funding once a suitable candidate is selected. Applications are welcome - please see project details for further information.

Muka Membranes for Water Treatment

Determining the water retention behaviour of unsaturated hydrophobic granular soils, engineered nanomaterials for safe sustainable water purification, epsrc phd studentship in: big data, network complexity and machine learning to deliver targeted pro-active dwds maintenance.

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PHED Full Form, PHED का मतलब क्या है?

The PHED full form - Public Health Engineering Department, its role in ensuring clean water, sanitation, and more. Read along to learn more about the PHED full form. 

October 26, 2023

Table of Contents

The full form of PHED is the Public Health Engineering Department. It is one of the major departments set up under the state government. Its main work is to plan and implement water-related schemes at the grassroots level. The major idea of forming PHED was to initiate various schemes that are helpful in replenishing the depleting water resources. It is also designed in a way that helps in combating the lack of potable water resources in the remote villages of the country. 

Full form of PHED

E = Engineering

D = Department

The PHED administration works at the Tehsil level. Moreover, it works to develop sanitation services in the administration. 

PHED Responsibilities

PHED is one of the crucial departments within the administration to implement all the rural and urban water management schemes. 

Here are some of the major responsibilities that the department has to perform every day. 

• The engineers and officers working under the state-funded PHED have to do the field investigation, preparation, execution, maintenance of schemes, survey, and data collection.
• The PHED has to plan & execute water supply schemes to ensure that rural and urban populations get adequate safe drinking water.
• The PHED implements and offers sanitary facilities to rural areas using low-cost technologies.
• They have to maintain and ensure that the water supply installation in the state is stable. They also ensure that adequate potable water is available to the general public easily.
• They work to lay adequate pipes over and ensure that it is directly connected to the water tank. This is helpful in tackling water scarcity in remote areas of the country.
• Identify prominent water resources and ensure that the present water supply system is adequate. They also check if it is able to meet the demand of the water supply.
• Prepare detailed project reports, and apply and execute the new water supply schemes released by the central and state governments.

PHED Administrative Setup

As a matter of fact, a chief engineer runs the administration of the PHED, and four additional Chief Engineers assist him.  You can check out the detailed administrative setup for any of the districts in the below section.

• Chief Engineer
• Additional Chief Engineer, Sanitation Cell
• Additional Chief Engineer
• Superintending Engineer
• Chief Administrative Officer cum Vigilance Officer
• Executive Engineer

Services Offered by PHED

Here are some of the major services that PHED offers to the common citizens:

• Private Pipe Connections
• Sanction of domestic water connections
• Water bill payment
• New water connections

PHED Full Form FAQs

Ans. The PHED full form is Public Health Engineering Department.

Ans. PHED is one of the leading departments formed by the state government. Besides, it works to implement and execute water-related schemes at the grass root level. 

Ans. As a matter of fact, a chief engineer runs the administration of the PHED, and four additional Chief Engineers assist him. 

Ans. Generally, some of the services offered by PHED are Private Pipe Connections, sanction of domestic water connections, water bill payment, and new water connections.

Full Form of NWDA, National Water Development Agency, Govt. of India

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Cringy moves and a white b-girl’s durag prompt questions about Olympic breaking’s authenticity

Australia’s Rachael Gunn, known as B-Girl Raygun, competes during the Round Robin Battle at the breaking competition at La Concorde Urban Park at the 2024 Summer Olympics, Friday, Aug. 9, 2024, in Paris, France. (AP Photo/Frank Franklin)

Australia’s Rachael Gunn, known as B-Girl Raygun, competes during the Round Robin Battle at the breaking competition at La Concorde Urban Park at the 2024 Summer Olympics, Friday, Aug. 9, 2024, in Paris, France. (AP Photo/Abbie Parr)

Lithuania’s Dominika Banevic, known as B-Girl Nicka, competes during the B-Girls quarterfinals at the breaking competition at La Concorde Urban Park at the 2024 Summer Olympics, Friday, Aug. 9, 2024, in Paris, France. (AP Photo/Frank Franklin)

American artist Snoop Dogg stands on stage prior to the breaking competition at La Concorde Urban Park at the 2024 Summer Olympics, Friday, Aug. 9, 2024, in Paris, France. (AP Photo/Frank Franklin)

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PARIS (AP) — From the Australian b-girl with the meme-worthy “kangaroo” dance move to the silver-medal winning Lithuanian in a durag, breaking’s Olympic debut had a few moments that raised questions from viewers about whether the essence of the hip-hop art form was captured at the Paris Games.

Rachael Gunn, or “b-girl Raygun,” a 36-year-old professor from Sydney, Australia, quickly achieved internet fame, but not necessarily for Olympic-level skill. Competing against some b-girls half her age, she was swept out of the round-robin stage without earning a single point, and her unconventional moves landed flat while failing to match the skill level of her foes.

At one point, Gunn raised one leg while standing and leaned back with her arms bent toward her ears. At another, while laying on her side, she reached for her toes, flipped over and did it again in a move dubbed “the kangaroo.”

B-Girl Raygun competes during the Round Robin Battle on Friday, Aug. 9, 2024, in Paris, France. (AP Photo/Abbie Parr)

Gunn has a Ph.D. in cultural studies, and her LinkedIn page notes she is “interested in the cultural politics of breaking.”

“I was never going to beat these girls on what they do best — their power moves,” said Gunn. “What I bring is creativity.”

Clips of her routine have gone viral on TikTok and elsewhere, and many cringed at her moves platformed on the Olympic stage as a representation of hip-hop and breaking culture.

“It’s almost like they are mocking the genre,” wrote one user on X.

Some of it was ‘weird to see’

Many Black viewers, in particular, called out Lithuania’s silver medalist b-girl Nicka, (legally named Dominika Banevič) for donning a durag during each of her battles. Durags, once worn by enslaved Africans to tie up their hair for work, are still worn by Black people to protect and style their hair. They became a fashionable symbol of Black pride in the 1960s and 1970s and, in the 1990s and early 2000s, also became a popular element of hip-hop style. But when worn by those who aren’t Black, durags can be seen as cultural appropriation. Banevič is white.

Lithuania’s Dominika Banevic, known as B-Girl Nicka, competes during the B-Girls quarterfinals. (AP Photo/Frank Franklin)

2024 Paris Olympics:

• What to know about the closing ceremony : A skydiving Tom Cruise and performances from Billie Eilish, the Red Hot Chili Peppers and Paris Olympics mainstay Snoop Dogg highlighted the French capital’s au revoir to the Olympics.
• Indelible images : AP photographers pick their favorite images from the Paris Olympics .
• Who won the 2024 Olympics?: See which countries tied for the most gold medals in Paris, and who exceeded expectations.
• When are the next Summer Games? The Olympics will always have Paris . But next up for the Summer Games: Los Angeles 2028 . See how the City of Angels is preparing to follow the City of Light.

Actor Kevin Fredericks responded on Instagram to Banevič donning the headwear by saying it looked “weird to see somebody who don’t need it for protective style or waves to be rocking the durag.”

The 17-year-old breaker ultimately won the silver medal after losing in the final to Japan’s b-girl Ami (Ami Yuasa).

For her part, Banevič has credited the breakers from the 1970s in the Bronx — the OGs — or “original gangsters” in hip-hop who created the dance — for her own success and breaking style.

“It’s a huge responsibility to represent and raise the bar every time for breaking because they did an amazing job. Big respect for the OGs and the pioneers that invented all those moves. Without them, it wouldn’t be possible,” she said. “Without them, breaking wouldn’t be where it is today. So I’m grateful for them.”

Concerns over losing breaking’s roots

Friday night’s slips “may have alienated too many new viewers to garner the anticipated response from our Olympic premiere,” said Zack Slusser, vice president of Breaking for Gold USA and USA Dance, in a text message to the Associated Press.

“We need to change the narrative from yesterday’s first impression of breaking as Olympic sport. There were significant organizational and governance shortcomings that could have been easily reconciled but, unfortunately, negatively impacted Breaking’s first touching point to a new global audience.”

The challenge for Olympic organizers was to bring breaking and hip-hop culture to a mass audience, including many viewers who were skeptical about the dance form’s addition to the Olympic roster. Others feared the subculture being co-opted by officials, commercialized and put through a rigid judging structure, when the spirit of breaking has been rooted in local communities, centered around street battles, cyphers and block parties. Hip-hop was born as a youth culture within Black and brown communities in the Bronx as a way to escape strife and socio-economic struggles and make a statement of empowerment at a time when they were labeled as lost, lawless kids by New York politicians.

Refugee breaker Manizha Talash, or “b-girl Talash,” channeled that rebellious vibe by donning a “Free Afghan Women” cape during her pre-qualifier battle — a defiant and personal statement for a 21-year-old who fled her native Afghanistan to escape Taliban rule. Talash was quickly disqualified for violating the Olympics’ ban on political statements on the field of play.

Refugee Team’s Manizha Talash, known as Talash wears a cape which reads “free Afghan women.” (AP Photo/Frank Franklin)

Both American b-girls were eliminated in Friday’s round-robin phase, a blow to the country representing the birthplace of hip-hop in what could be the discipline’s only Games appearance. B-girl Logistx (legal name Logan Edra) and b-girl Sunny (Sunny Choi) both ranked in the top 12 internationally but came up short of the quarterfinals.

“Breaking for the Olympics has changed the way that some people are dancing,” said Choi, referring to some of the flashier moves and jam-packed routines. “Breaking changes over time. And maybe I’m just old-school and I don’t want to change. ... I think a lot of people in our community were a little bit afraid of that happening.”

The b-boys take the stage on Saturday to give Olympic breaking another chance at representing the culture.

Associated Press Race & Ethnicity Editor Aaron Morrison contributed to this report from New York.

AP Olympics: https://apnews.com/hub/2024-paris-olympic-games

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