clinical presentation health care

How To Present a Patient: A Step-To-Step Guide

Last Updated on June 24, 2022 by Laura Turner

Updated and verified by Dr. Lee Burnett on March 19, 2022.

The ability to deliver oral case presentations is a core skill for any physician. Effective oral case presentations help facilitate information transfer among physicians and are essential to delivering quality patient care. Oral case presentations are also a key component of how medical students and residents are assessed during their training.

At its core, an oral case presentation functions as an argument. It is the presenter’s job to share the pertinent facts of a patient’s case with the other members of the medical care team and establish a clear diagnosis and treatment plan. Thus, the presenter should include details to support the proposed diagnosis, argue against alternative diagnoses, and exclude extraneous information. While this task may seem daunting at first, with practice, it will become easier. That said, if you are unsure if a particular detail is important to your patient’s case, it is probably best to be safe and include it.

Now, let’s go over how to present a case. While I will focus on internal medicine inpatients, the following framework can be applied to patients in any setting with slight modifications.

Oral case presentations are generally made to a medical care team, which can be composed of medical and pharmacy students, residents, pharmacists, medical attendings, and others. As the presenter, you should strive to deliver an interesting presentation that keeps your team members engaged. Here are a few things to keep in mind:

• Be confident: Speak clearly at the loudest volume appropriate to protect patient privacy, vary your tone to emphasize the most important details, and maintain eye contact with members of your team.
• Don’t fidget : Stand up straight and avoid unnecessary, distracting movements.
• Use your notes : You may glance at your notes from time to time while presenting. However, while there is no need to memorize your presentation, there is no better way to lose your team’s attention than to read your notes to them.
• Be honest: Given the importance of presentations in guiding medical care, never guess or report false information to the team. If you are unsure about a particular detail, say so.

The length of your presentation will depend on various factors, including the complexity of your patient, your audience, and your specialty. I have found that new internal medicine inpatients generally take 5-10 minutes to present. Internal medicine clerkship directors seem to agree. In a 2009 survey , they reported a range of 2-20 minutes for the ideal length of student inpatient presentations, with a median of 7 minutes.

While delivering oral case presentations is a core skill for trainees, and there have been attempts to standardize the format , expectations still vary among attending physicians. This can be a frustrating experience for trainees, and I would recommend that you clarify your attending’s expectations at the beginning of each new rotation. However, I have found that these differences are often stylistic, and content expectations are generally quite similar. Thus, developing a familiarity with the core elements of a strong oral case presentation is essential.

How to Present a Patient

You should begin every oral presentation with a brief one-liner that contains the patient’s name, age, relevant past medical history, and chief complaint. Remember that the chief complaint is why the patient sought medical care in his or her own words. An example of an effective opening is as follows: “Ms. X is a 78-year-old female with a past medical history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who presents to the hospital after she felt short of breath at home.”

Following the opener, elaborate on why the patient sought medical care. Describe the events that preceded the patient’s presentation in chronological order. A useful mnemonic to use when deciding what to report is OPQRST , which includes: • The Onset of the patient’s symptoms • Any Palliative or Provoking factors that make the symptoms better or worse, respectively • The Quality of his or her symptoms (how he or she describes them) • The Region of the body where the patient is experiencing his or her symptoms and (if the symptom is pain) whether the patient’s pain Radiates to another location or is well-localized • The Severity of the symptoms and any other associated Symptoms • The Time course of the symptoms (how they have changed over time and whether the patient has experienced them before) Additionally, include any other details here that may support your final diagnosis or rule out alternative diagnoses. For example, if you are concerned about a pulmonary embolism and your patient recently completed a long-distance flight, that would be worth mentioning.

The review of systems is sometimes included in the history of present illness, but it may also be separated. Given the potential breadth of the review of systems (a comprehensive list of questions that may be asked can be found here ), when presenting, only report information that is relevant to your patient’s condition.

The past medical history comes next. This should include the following information: • The patient’s medical conditions, including any that were not highlighted in the opener • Any past surgeries the patient has had and when they were performed • The timing of and reasons for past hospitalizations • Any current medications, including dosages and frequency of administration

The next section should detail the patient’s relevant family history. This should include: • Any relevant conditions that run in the patient’s family, with an emphasis on first-degree relatives

After the family history comes the social history. This section should include information about the patient’s: • Living situation • Occupation • Alcohol and tobacco use • Other substance use You may also include relevant details about the patient’s education level, recent travel history, history of animal and occupational exposures, and religious beliefs. For example, it would be worth mentioning that your anemic patient is a Jehovah’s Witness to guide medical decisions regarding blood transfusions.

Once you have finished reporting the patient’s history, you should transition to the physical exam. You should begin by reporting the patient’s vital signs, which includes the patient’s: • Temperature • Heart rate • Blood pressure • Respiratory rate • Oxygen saturation (if the patient is using supplemental oxygen, this should also be reported) Next, you should discuss the findings of your physical exam. At the minimum, this should include: • Your general impressions of the patient, including whether he or she appears “sick” or not • The results of your: • Head and neck exam • Eye exam • Respiratory exam • Cardiac exam • Abdominal exam • Extremity exam • Neurological exam Additional relevant physical examination findings may be included, as well. Quick note: resist the urge to report an exam as being “normal.” Instead, report your findings. For example, for a normal abdominal exam, you could report that “the patient’s abdomen is soft, non-tender, and non-distended, with normoactive bowel sounds.”

This section includes the results of any relevant laboratory testing, imaging, or other diagnostics that were obtained. You do not have to report the results of every test that was ordered. Before presenting, consider which results will further support your proposed diagnosis and exclude alternatives.

The emergency department (ED) course is classically reported towards the end of the presentation. However, different attendings may prefer to hear the ED course earlier, usually following the history of present illness. When unsure, report the ED course after the results of diagnostic testing. Be sure to include initial ED vital signs and any administered treatments.

You should conclude your presentation with the assessment and plan. This is the most important part of your presentation and allows you to show your team how much you really know. You should include: • A brief summary (1-2 lines) of the patient, the reason for admission, and your likely diagnosis. This should also include information regarding the patient’s clinical stability. While it can be similar to your opener, it should not be identical. An example could be: “Ms. X is a 78-year-old female with a past medical history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who presents with shortness of breath in the setting of an upper respiratory tract infection who is now stable on two liters of supplemental oxygen delivered via nasal cannula. Her symptoms are thought to be secondary to an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.” • A differential diagnosis . For students, this should consist of 3-5 potential diagnoses. You should explain why you think each diagnosis is or is not the final diagnosis. Be sure to rule out potentially life-threatening conditions (unless you think your patient has one). For our fictional patient, Ms. X, for example, you could explain why you think she does not have a pulmonary embolism or acute coronary syndrome. For more advanced trainees, the differential can be more limited in scope. • Your plan . On regular inpatient floors, this should include a list of the patient’s medical problems, ordered by acuity, followed by your proposed plan for each. After going through each active medical problem, be sure to mention your choice for the patient’s diet and deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, the patient’s stated code status, and the patient’s disposition (whether you think they need to remain in the hospital). In intensive care units, you can organize the patient’s medical problems by organ system to ensure that no stone is left unturned (if there are no active issues for an organ system, you may say so).

Presenting Patients Who Have Been in the Hospital for Multiple Days

After the initial presentation, subsequent presentations can be delivered via SOAP note format as follows:

• The  Subjective  section includes details about any significant overnight events and any new complaints the patient has.
• In the  Objective  section, report your physical exam (focus on any changes since you last examined the patient) and any significant new laboratory, imaging, or other diagnostic results.
• The  Assessment  and  Plan  are typically delivered as above. For the initial patient complaint, you do not have to restate your differential diagnosis if the diagnosis is known. For new complaints, however, you should create another differential and argue for or against each diagnosis. Be sure to update your plan every day.

Presenting Patients in Different Specialties

Before you present a patient, consider your audience. Every specialty presents patients differently. In general, surgical and OB/GYN presentations tend to be much quicker (2-3 minutes), while pediatric and family medicine presentations tend to be similar in length to internal medicine presentations. Tailor your presentations accordingly.

Presenting Patients in Outpatient Settings

Outpatients may be presented similarly to inpatients. Your presentation’s focus, however, should align with your outpatient clinic’s specialty. For example, if you are working at a cardiology clinic, your presentation should be focused on your patient’s cardiac complaints.

If your patient is returning for a follow-up visit and does not have a stated chief complaint, you should say so. You may replace the history of present illness with any relevant interval history since his or her last visit.

And that’s it! Delivering oral case presentations is challenging at first, so remember to practice. In time, you will become proficient in this essential medical skill. Good luck!

Kunal Sindhu, MD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Radiation Oncology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and New York Proton Center. Dr. Sindhu specializes in treating cancers of the head, neck, and central nervous system.

2 thoughts on “How To Present a Patient: A Step-To-Step Guide”

To clarify, it should take 5-10 minutes to present (just one) new internal medicine inpatient? Or if the student had 4 patients to work up, it should take 10 minutes to present all 4 patients to the preceptor?

Good question. That’s per case, but with time you’ll become faster.

Comments are closed.

Tools for the Patient Presentation

The formal patient presentation.

• Posing the Clinical Question
• Searching the Medical Literature for EBM

Sources & Further Reading

First Aid for the Wards

Lingard L, Haber RJ.  Teaching and learning communications in medicine: a rhetorical approach .  Academic Medicine. 74(5):507-510 1999 May.

Lingard L, Haber RJ.  What do we mean by "relevance"? A clinical and rhetorical definition with implications for teaching and learning the case-presentation format . Academic Medicine. 74(10):S124-S127.

The Oral Presentation (A Practical Guide to Clinical Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine)  http://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/oral.htm

"Classically, the formal oral presentation is given in 7 minutes or less. Although it follows the same format as a written report, it is not simply regurgitation. A great presentation requires style as much as substance; your delivery must be succinct and smooth. No time should be wasted on superfluous information; one can read about such matters later in your admit note. Ideally, your presentation should be formulated so that your audience can anticipate your assessment and plan; that is, each piece of information should clue the listener into your thinking process and your most likely diagnosis."  [ Le, et al, p. 15 ]

Types of Patient Presentations

New Patient

New patients get the traditional H&P with assessment and plan.  Give the chief complaint and a brief and pertinent HPI.  Next give important PMH, PSH, etc.  The ROS is often left out, as anything important was in the HPI.  The PE is reviewed.  Only give pertinent positives and negatives.  The assessment and plan should include what you think is wrong and, briefly, why.  Then, state what you plan to do for the patient, including labs.  Be sure to know why things are being done: you will be asked.

The follow-up presentation differs from the presentation of a new patient.  It is an abridged presentation, perhaps referencing major patient issues that have been previously presented, but focusing on new information about these issues and/or what has changed. Give the patient’s name, age, date of admission, briefly review the present illness, physical examination and admitting diagnosis.  Then report any new finding, laboratory tests, diagnostic procedures and changes in medications.

The attending physician will ask the patient’s permission to have the medical student present their case.  After making the proper introductions the attending will let the patient know they may offer input or ask questions at any point.  When presenting at bedside the student should try to involve the patient.

Preparing for the Presentation

There are four things you must consider before you do your oral presentation

• Occasion (setting and circumstances)

Ask yourself what do you want the presentation to do

• Present a new patient to your preceptor : the amount of detail will be determined by your preceptor.  It is also likely to reflect your development and experience, with less detail being required as you progress.
• Present your patient at working or teaching rounds : the amount of detail will be determined by the customs of the group. The focus of the presentation will be influenced by the learning objectives of working responsibilities of the group.
• Request a consultant’s advice on a clinical problem : the presentation will be focused on the clinical question being posed to the consultant.
• Persuade others about a diagnosis and plan : a shorter presentation which highlights the pertinent positives and negatives that are germane to the diagnosis and/or plan being suggested.
• Enlist cooperation required for patient care : a short presentation focusing on the impact your audience can have in addressing the patient’s issues.

Preparation

• Patient evaluation : history, physical examination, review of tests, studies, procedures, and consultants’ recommendations.
• Selected reading : reference texts; to build a foundational understanding.
• Literature search : for further elucidation of any key references from selected reading, and to bring your understanding up to date, since reference text information is typically three to seven years old.
• Write-up : for oral presentation, just succinct notes to serve as a reminder or reference, since you’re not going to be reading your presentation.

Knowledge (Be prepared to answer questions about the following)

• Pathophysiology
• Complications
• Differential diagnosis
• Course of conditions
• Diagnostic tests
• Medications
• Essential Evidence Plus

Template for Oral Presentations

Chief Complaint (CC)

The opening statement should give an overview of the patient, age, sex, reason for visit and the duration of the complaint. Give marital status, race, or occupation if relevant.  If your patient has a history of a major medical problem that bears strongly on the understanding of the present illness, include it.  For ongoing care, give a one sentence recap of the history.

History of Present Illness (HPI)

This will be very similar to your written HPI. Present the most important problem first. If there is more than one problem, treat each separately. Present the information chronologically.  Cover one system before going onto the next. Characterize the chief complaint – quality, severity, location, duration, progression, and include pertinent negatives. Items from the ROS that are unrelated to the present problem may be mentioned in passing unless you are doing a very formal presentation. When you do your first patient presentation you may be expected to go into detail.  For ongoing care, present any new complaints.

Review of Systems (ROS)

Most of the ROS is incorporated at the end of the HPI. Items that are unrelated to the present problem may be briefly mentioned.  For ongoing care, present only if new complaints.  

Past Medical History (PMH)

Discuss other past medical history that bears directly on the current medical problem.  For ongoing care, have the information available to respond to questions.

Past Surgical History

Provide names of procedures, approximate dates, indications, any relevant findings or complications, and pathology reports, if applicable.  For ongoing care, have the information available to respond to questions.

Allergies/Medications

Present all current medications along with dosage, route and frequency. For the follow-up presentation just give any changes in medication.  For ongoing care, note any changes.

Smoking and Alcohol (and any other substance abuse)

Note frequency and duration. For ongoing care, have the information available to respond to questions.

Social/Work History

Home, environment, work status and sexual history.  For ongoing care, have the information available to respond to questions.

Family History Note particular family history of genetically based diseases.  For ongoing care, have the information available to respond to questions.

Physical Exam/Labs/Other Tests

Include all significant abnormal findings and any normal findings that contribute to the diagnosis. Give a brief, general description of the patient including physical appearance. Then describe vital signs touching on each major system. Try to find out in advance how thorough you need to be for your presentation. There are times when you will be expected to give more detail on each physical finding, labs and other test results.  For ongoing care, mention only further positive findings and relevant negative findings.

Assessment and Plan

Give a summary of the important aspects of the history, physical exam and formulate the differential diagnosis. Make sure to read up on the patient’s case by doing a search of the literature. 

• Include only the most essential facts; but be ready to answer ANY questions about all aspects of your patient.
• Keep your presentation lively.
• Do not read the presentation!
• Expect your listeners to ask questions.
• Follow the order of the written case report.
• Keep in mind the limitation of your listeners.
• Beware of jumping back and forth between descriptions of separate problems.
• Use the presentation to build your case.
• Your reasoning process should help the listener consider a differential diagnosis.
• Present the patient as well as the illness .
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How to make an oral case presentation to healthcare colleagues

The content and delivery of a patient case for education and evidence-based care discussions in clinical practice.

BSIP SA / Alamy Stock Photo

A case presentation is a detailed narrative describing a specific problem experienced by one or more patients. Pharmacists usually focus on the medicines aspect , for example, where there is potential harm to a patient or proven benefit to the patient from medication, or where a medication error has occurred. Case presentations can be used as a pedagogical tool, as a method of appraising the presenter’s knowledge and as an opportunity for presenters to reflect on their clinical practice [1] .

The aim of an oral presentation is to disseminate information about a patient for the purpose of education, to update other members of the healthcare team on a patient’s progress, and to ensure the best, evidence-based care is being considered for their management.

Within a hospital, pharmacists are likely to present patients on a teaching or daily ward round or to a senior pharmacist or colleague for the purpose of asking advice on, for example, treatment options or complex drug-drug interactions, or for referral.

Content of a case presentation

As a general structure, an oral case presentation may be divided into three phases [2] :

• Reporting important patient information and clinical data;
• Analysing and synthesising identified issues (this is likely to include producing a list of these issues, generally termed a problem list);
• Managing the case by developing a therapeutic plan.

Specifically, the following information should be included [3] :

Patient and complaint details

Patient details: name, sex, age, ethnicity.

Presenting complaint: the reason the patient presented to the hospital (symptom/event).

History of presenting complaint: highlighting relevant events in chronological order, often presented as how many days ago they occurred. This should include prior admission to hospital for the same complaint.

Review of organ systems: listing positive or negative findings found from the doctor’s assessment that are relevant to the presenting complaint.

Past medical and surgical history

Social history: including occupation, exposures, smoking and alcohol history, and any recreational drug use.

Medication history, including any drug allergies: this should include any prescribed medicines, medicines purchased over-the-counter, any topical preparations used (including eye drops, nose drops, inhalers and nasal sprays) and any herbal or traditional remedies taken.

Sexual history: if this is relevant to the presenting complaint.

Details from a physical examination: this includes any relevant findings to the presenting complaint and should include relevant observations.

Laboratory investigation and imaging results: abnormal findings are presented.

Assessment: including differential diagnosis.

Plan: including any pharmaceutical care issues raised and how these should be resolved, ongoing management and discharge planning.

Any discrepancies between the current management of the patient’s conditions and evidence-based recommendations should be highlighted and reasons given for not adhering to evidence-based medicine ( see ‘Locating the evidence’ ).

Locating the evidence

The evidence base for the therapeutic options available should always be considered. There may be local guidance available within the hospital trust directing the management of the patient’s presenting condition. Pharmacists often contribute to the development of such guidelines, especially if medication is involved. If no local guidelines are available, the next step is to refer to national guidance. This is developed by a steering group of experts, for example, the British HIV Association or the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . If the presenting condition is unusual or rare, for example, acute porphyria, and there are no local or national guidelines available, a literature search may help locate articles or case studies similar to the case.

Giving a case presentation

Currently, there are no available acknowledged guidelines or systematic descriptions of the structure, language and function of the oral case presentation [4] and therefore there is no standard on how the skills required to prepare or present a case are taught. Most individuals are introduced to this concept at undergraduate level and then build on their skills through practice-based learning.

A case presentation is a narrative of a patient’s care, so it is vital the presenter has familiarity with the patient, the case and its progression. The preparation for the presentation will depend on what information is to be included.

Generally, oral case presentations are brief and should be limited to 5–10 minutes. This may be extended if the case is being presented as part of an assessment compared with routine everyday working ( see ‘Case-based discussion’ ). The audience should be interested in what is being said so the presenter should maintain this engagement through eye contact, clear speech and enthusiasm for the case.

It is important to stick to the facts by presenting the case as a factual timeline and not describing how things should have happened instead. Importantly, the case should always be concluded and should include an outcome of the patient’s care [5] .

An example of an oral case presentation, given by a pharmacist to a doctor,  is available here .

A successful oral case presentation allows the audience to garner the right amount of patient information in the most efficient way, enabling a clinically appropriate plan to be developed. The challenge lies with the fact that the content and delivery of this will vary depending on the service, and clinical and audience setting [3] . A practitioner with less experience may find understanding the balance between sufficient information and efficiency of communication difficult, but regular use of the oral case presentation tool will improve this skill.

Tailoring case presentations to your audience

Most case presentations are not tailored to a specific audience because the same type of information will usually need to be conveyed in each case.

However, case presentations can be adapted to meet the identified learning needs of the target audience, if required for training purposes. This method involves varying the content of the presentation or choosing specific cases to present that will help achieve a set of objectives [6] . For example, if a requirement to learn about the management of acute myocardial infarction has been identified by the target audience, then the presenter may identify a case from the cardiology ward to present to the group, as opposed to presenting a patient reviewed by that person during their normal working practice.

Alternatively, a presenter could focus on a particular condition within a case, which will dictate what information is included. For example, if a case on asthma is being presented, the focus may be on recent use of bronchodilator therapy, respiratory function tests (including peak expiratory flow rate), symptoms related to exacerbation of airways disease, anxiety levels, ability to talk in full sentences, triggers to worsening of symptoms, and recent exposure to allergens. These may not be considered relevant if presenting the case on an unrelated condition that the same patient has, for example, if this patient was admitted with a hip fracture and their asthma was well controlled.

Case-based discussion

The oral case presentation may also act as the basis of workplace-based assessment in the form of a case-based discussion. In the UK, this forms part of many healthcare professional bodies’ assessment of clinical practice, for example, medical professional colleges.

For pharmacists, a case-based discussion forms part of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS) Foundation and Advanced Practice assessments . Mastery of the oral case presentation skill could provide useful preparation for this assessment process.

A case-based discussion would include a pharmaceutical needs assessment, which involves identifying and prioritising pharmaceutical problems for a particular patient. Evidence-based guidelines relevant to the specific medical condition should be used to make treatment recommendations, and a plan to monitor the patient once therapy has started should be developed. Professionalism is an important aspect of case-based discussion — issues must be prioritised appropriately and ethical and legal frameworks must be referred to [7] . A case-based discussion would include broadly similar content to the oral case presentation, but would involve further questioning of the presenter by the assessor to determine the extent of the presenter’s knowledge of the specific case, condition and therapeutic strategies. The criteria used for assessment would depend on the level of practice of the presenter but, for pharmacists, this may include assessment against the RPS  Foundation or Pharmacy Frameworks .

Acknowledgement

With thanks to Aamer Safdar for providing the script for the audio case presentation.

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[1] Onishi H. The role of case presentation for teaching and learning activities. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2008;24:356–360. doi: 10.1016/s1607-551x(08)70132–3

[2] Edwards JC, Brannan JR, Burgess L et al . Case presentation format and clinical reasoning: a strategy for teaching medical students. Medical Teacher 1987;9:285–292. doi: 10.3109/01421598709034790

[3] Goldberg C. A practical guide to clinical medicine: overview and general information about oral presentation. 2009. University of California, San Diego. Available from: https://meded.ecsd.edu/clinicalmed.oral.htm (accessed 5 December 2015)

[4] Chan MY. The oral case presentation: toward a performance-based rhetorical model for teaching and learning. Medical Education Online 2015;20. doi: 10.3402/meo.v20.28565

[5] McGee S. Medicine student programs: oral presentation guidelines. Learning & Scholarly Technologies, University of Washington. Available from: https://catalyst.uw.edu/workspace/medsp/30311/202905 (accessed 7 December 2015)

[6] Hays R. Teaching and Learning in Clinical Settings. 2006;425. Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd.

[7] Royal Pharmaceutical Society. Tips for assessors for completing case-based discussions. 2015. Available from: http://www.rpharms.com/help/case_based_discussion.htm (accessed 30 December 2015)

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In the third of her series on getting the dream job, Laura Brammar looks at giving an interview presentation

Many doctors have extensive experience of delivering presentations at conferences, during research projects, or to medical students during their training. Nevertheless, for many medical professionals having to deliver a presentation is still something they dread rather than relish. Equally, candidate presentations are becoming an established feature of selection and assessment for many roles within medicine.

Applicants may be asked to prepare and deliver a presentation as part of the interview process for anything from a salaried general practitioner post to a senior consultant post. For that reason alone, it’s vital to grasp the nettle and strengthen those presentation skills, which you can draw on throughout your medical career.

Break it down to just four P’s

To prepare most effectively for your presentation, you might find considering four main areas particularly useful: planning, preparation, phrasing, and projection.

Planning —A good presentation begins with the early stage of planning. Common complaints about ineffectual and dull presentations revolve around the apparent lack of structure shown by the presenter.

You will generally be given the topic of your presentation in advance. Topics vary, but they usually relate to your specialty—for example, “What do you see as the main current issues/future direction of this specialty?”—or link to contextual factors related to the role—“How, in your opinion, could the current system of X work more effectively?”

Think of the title as your research question or hypothesis and structure your presentation so that you answer that question directly. A simple but effective framework for any presentation is: tell them what you’re going to say, say it, and tell them what you’ve just said. Whether your presentation relates to the latest National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines for your specialty or a business plan in response to a proposed polyclinic, this structure will help keep your audience engaged and your presentation within the time limit.

Indeed, timing is crucial when giving a presentation. Most candidates are overambitious about what can be squeezed into just five to ten minutes. Be realistic about what you can achieve in the time limit and plan your presentation accordingly. As a rule of thumb, less is almost always more and remember to build in time for questions at the end.

Preparation —Having a clear structure can give you a useful framework that underpins your presentation. In a similar way, using particular resources to support your point can be a good method to employ during a presentation.

While the use of PowerPoint is becoming increasingly popular, in these circumstances you need to check before slaving over your slides. Remember that you are the focus of the presentation, not the screen; avoid distracting animations and excessive detail. Even if PowerPoint is an option you still need to plan for technological meltdowns; bring hard copies and overhead slides as a back-up.

You may consider it worth while to produce a brief summarising handout of the main points. Aim to distribute this before you begin so that you can create a clear and confident start, rather than compete with the rustle of paper as you try to introduce yourself.

Phrasing —Many candidates get anxious about the fact that they may “um” and “er” during a presentation. The vast majority of people feel nervous when they are presenting. Accept that and remember that, to an extent, it is what your audience will expect; from the selectors’ perspective, a completely laidback candidate might appear unmotivated and flippant. So while you want to aim for a fluid and articulate delivery, it’s not the end of the world if you occasionally need to pause between sentences. Indeed pauses can be an excellent way of emphasising your points and retaining your audience’s attention.

Essentially, use your structure to help you—for example, “First, I’d like to talk about . . .; next, let’s look at . . . ; and, finally, in summary . . ..”Also, be aware of your pace and volume.

Projection —Many people associate the term “presentation skills” with aspects of non-verbal communication, such as gestures and facial expression. Even when you feel nervous there are ways successfully to convey confidence to your audience. The following suggestions will help you to show a positive and calm attitude, which in turn will help you to maintain control over your presentation.

Breathe—If you are particularly nervous before you start, take a few moments to slow down your breathing; it may help to think about balancing the length of your inhalation and exhalation and breathe deeply and evenly.

Share your eye contact—If feasible, make eye contact with all your audience throughout your presentation; if you are presenting to a large group, make sure you address both sides of the room during your session.

Take time to pause—Use pauses to illustrate the structure of your session. Brief pauses can also help you to slow down your delivery and maintain the focus of your audience.

Project your voice—Check that those at the back can hear you before you start. Maintain your volume throughout and aim at projecting your voice to the back of the room.

Own the space—If possible, try not to stay stuck to one spot for the duration of the presentation. Clearly, now isn’t the time to try out gestures that feel unnatural or forced. However, convey your confidence through the way you stand and emphasise your message through your body language.

Smile—Despite feeling anxious, displaying a smile can make you feel more relaxed. Even better, it also gives your audience confidence in you and in your message.

Awkward audience moments

While you may have organised thoroughly your planning, preparation, phrasing, and projection, the one area you cannot control or necessarily predict is your audience’s reactions. Many people find the thought of their audience’s responses, especially during the question and answer session, far more terrifying than the presentation itself.

Here are a few suggestions for how to deal with some common difficult situations.

Random interruptions —If someone asks a question in the middle of your presentation, make a decision whether it would be appropriate to deal with it now or later. Don’t be forced to change your structure unless you believe it is really necessary. Acknowledge the question and reassure the person that there will be opportunities to discuss that later. Equally, if it is an unrelated or irrelevant question remember to acknowledge it but make it clear that such a topic isn’t going to be dealt with explicitly on this occasion. You can always offer to research that question for them at a later opportunity.

Audience looks bored —Many people feel they are poor presenters because their audiences can look distracted or even bored. The key thing here is to ask yourself if they are actually bored or whether they are just presenting you with a professional and impartial expression. In your clinical work you need to be able to focus on a task and not be distracted by personal emotional considerations or anxieties; this is no different. Treat the presentation as a professional exercise and move on.

Someone isn’t listening and is talking to someone nearby —Depending on your audience (senior consultants or medical students, for example) you may want to vary your specific response to this. However, a good technique with any audience is to pause in your delivery, look at the culprits while smiling, and wait for their attention before you start again. This is an effective (and non-aggressive) way of acknowledging that they are distracting both you and the rest of the group. That is usually all it takes to get their full attention. However, if they are persistent offenders maintain your professionalism and carry on regardless.

Questions you can’t answer —Sometimes the dread of the questions at the end of a presentation can overshadow the whole experience. Avoid this by framing your question and answer session with a reassurance that you’ll do your best to deal with any questions now and will guarantee to follow up any additional questions after the session. If you are asked a reasonable question which you genuinely can’t answer you may want to try the following:

Acknowledge that it’s a valid question

Invite any suggestions from the audience first

Admit that you can’t give a full answer at this moment; don’t bluff an answer

Offer to follow up a response and email the person later.

Remember that part of good medical practice is to know your limits and work within the parameters of your knowledge; it sounds far more confident and impressive to admit you can’t answer a question fully at this moment, rather than try to cobble together a poor answer and pretend you know.

Want to practise in a supportive environment?

The BMA Careers Service works with many individual medics who wish to improve their presentation skills through a tailormade practice presentation service. A bespoke practice presentation session, based on your actual material, can be excellent preparation for the real thing. During the session you can rehearse your presentation fully, practise answering focused questions, and gain immediate and constructive one to one feedback on your overall performance ( www.bma.org.uk/ap.nsf/Content/Hubcareersadvicefordoctors ).

Competing interests : None declared.

27 Free Medical PowerPoint Templates with Modern Professional Design

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By Al Boicheva

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3 years ago

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Updated April 2022

PowerPoint is still the top choice for presentations and it seems that it’s not going anywhere any time soon. To keep with what we always do, today we’ve hunted down, selected, and gathered for you a collection of free medical PowerPoint templates. All examples are easy to edit so you can nail your audience’s attention right from the start.

Before we proceed with the thematic collection, you might also be interested in checking out the Best Free PowerPoint templates to download in 2022 . This selection features multipurpose templates for business and technology. Now back to the medical topic.

1. Free Healthcare Infographic Presentation

This multi-purpose template for PowerPoint and Keynote comes with more than 100 slides and dark and light versions. However, there is a free sample version that features 6 high-quality slides available to download and edit.

• Free Version: 6 slides
• 16×9 HD Ratio Display
• All Graphic Resizable and Editable
• Fully Editable (All Icons, Elements & Info-graphics as Vectors)

*Enter $0 for free download.

2. Free Medical Clinics Template

A free template for a medical clinic presentation. It features more than 20 editable slides with a modern business look.

*Free For Personal Use

3. Free Stylish Medical Presentation

Here we have 23 professional slides for PowerPoint, KeyNote and Google Slides with high-quality graphic design and beautiful teal gradients.

• PPTX file for Microsoft Powerpoint

4. Free Health Medical Presentation

Another variation of the previous template with 23 slides in patterned dark blue design. Features a useful set of ready-to-use vector icons.

5. Free Presentational Medical Posters

This free set has two PowerPoint templates for medical/scientific posters. All sections are editable to add your own images and information, depending on the project.

• 2 posters in PPT, Fonts, and images

*redirects to Google Drive

6. Free Business Medical Template

This free resource offers 13 editable slides for a medical presentation. The website requires registration for the free download.

• 13 Slides + editable resources and icons

7. Free Remendy Medical Presentation

Every feature found in these templates is fully editable and easy-to-use. The presentation offers 23 slides and icons for PowerPoint, KeyNote, and Google Slides. When you go to the website, you’ll be required to enter an email address.

8. Free Altra Medical Presentation

A second variation of the previous template. The presentation offers 23 slides and icons for PowerPoint, KeyNote, and Google Slides. When you go to the website, you’ll be required to enter an email address to receive a link for the download.

9. Free Multi-Purpose Medical Presentation

It is a Free Medical Powerpoint Template designed for healthcare, healthcare organizations, dentists, and doctors.

• Personal Use Only

10. Free Modern Design Medical Template

Medical Free PowerPoint Template includes 10 pre-made slides and a complete set of ready-to-use examples. The website requiresregistration for the free download.

• 10 Creative slides
• 16:9 widescreen layout
• Free Fonts and Icons
• Fully and Easily editable content

11. Free Conceptual Medical Presentation

A multi-purpose medical template. It’s ideal when you need to give a financial report to your investors. The website requires entering an email address for a direct free download.

12. Free Fracture Medical Presentation

Here we have a specialized template for fractured bones presentation, however, it’s adaptable for other purposes as well. The website requires entering an email address.

13. Free Chemistry Medical Presentation

A very fresh-looking simplistic template for presentations related to chemicals and pharmacy. The website requires entering an email address for a direct free download.

14. Free Medical Team Presentation Template

This template with lovely chemistry- patterns for a background is a great base for a medical team presentation. The website requires entering an email address for a direct free download.

15. Free Medical Business Template

A pre-made simplistic template with soft tones and 23 editable slides.

16. Free Red Cross Presentation Template

Here we have a conceptual presentational template with a red cross design.

17. Free Corporate Medical Presentation Template

23 slides of a beautifully designed medical presentation with a blue background.

18. Free Corporate Medical PowerPoint Template

Similar to the previous template in terms of sections and slides, this one has a more simplistic background. The PowerPoint presentation features 23 fully editable slides that you can adapt to your project.

19. Free Clinical Case Report Presentation Template

Submitting a clinical report requires rigor and a detailed scheme. These slides, however, are dedicated to the case presentation and feature sections for discussion on the subject, existing literature, and conclusion. The website requires an email address for the free download.

20. Free Hospital PowerPoint Presentation

This pair has similar slides for a multi-purpose medical presentation. The first one offers 23 slides with pale blue background and mostly text-based sections.

21. Free Orvos Medical PowerPoint Template

The next one is also with 23 slides, more contrast, and high-quality images. It’s more simple in terms of design and suits any purpose depending on your presentation.

22. Free Hospital Medical Presentation

A very stylish modern template with duotone colors and 22 slides ready to go and present your concept.

23. Free Medical Students Presentation

This PowerPoint template was made with medical students in mind. It’s free to download medical presentations with a license for personal use only.

*Redirects to GoogleDrive

24. Free Salud Medical Template

Our last two choices come with two similar concepts with 23 slides and image placeholders.

25. Free Sigma Medical Template

Again with 23 editable slides, this template offers a beautiful thematic frame and infographics.

Final Words

Those were the 27 hand-picked free medical presentation templates to aid you in your professional projects. As usual, before using, make sure to read the licensing rules first. Some of the templates are available for personal use only. Others – for personal and commercial use. Either way, you can use these templates the way they are or completely transform them to match your personal style.

While on the topic of free PowerPoint templates, here are other free resource collections you could check out:

• 70+ Free Medical Illustrations For Your Design Projects and Presentations
• 35 Free Google Slides Infographic Templates to Grab Now
• 60 Free Medical Background Resources with Modern Design

The Ultimate Medical Presentation Template

This medical presentation template comes with  77 slides  compatible with PowerPoint and Google Slides, great for educational and business purposes.

• 48 slides to present you as a medical and business professional , your team, values, business plan, accomplishments, and ideas.
• 23 Infographic slides with editable graphs and charts to present your ideas, research, and compare statistics.
• 6 virus-themed slides  for statistics, protection, safety, and symptoms.
• Editable in PowerPoint, Google Slides, Keynote, Adobe CC

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Al Boicheva

Al is an illustrator at GraphicMama with out-of-the-box thinking and a passion for anything creative. In her free time, you will see her drooling over tattoo art, Manga, and horror movies.

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Presentation Skills for Clinicians: Making Your Next Presentation Go Better than Your Last

WHY IS PRESENTING IMPORTANT FOR HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS?

Why is it crucial for you to present yourself and your material well? Well, the point is our careers depend heavily on the way we present ourselves and our material. If you do this well, doors swing open. If you don't, they usually find somebody else. So, this could be a career-maker or a career breaker. 

Now, how did I get involved in this? Well, a number of years ago, I was elected to be our speaker at high school graduation. And it didn't go very well. And I couldn't quite figure out why. I thought it must have been the microphone or whatever. But I went off to college, Rice University. While at Rice University, I listened to one of the greatest speakers I've ever heard, and that was Muhammad Ali, who spoke in front of the campus and commanded the audience. He almost didn't graduate high school. I figured if he could do this well, I could get better. 

I read books, I took courses, and it's from what I learned the hard way, I want to share with you some of the tips and tools that we've learned. One of the things that we have done is a workshop where we videotape learner colleagues, and we go together and group critique what goes well and what could be improved. And I've been doing this for about 20 years now. 

So, let's go through some of the important lessons. The goal today is I want your buy-in that this is important and teach you a few things. But I really want to motivate you to think about put in your presentations together a little differently than you've done in the past. And I'll try to demonstrate some of these skills as best I can to you today. 

16 TIPS AND TOOLS FOR GIVING A BETTER PRESENTATION

• BODY LANGUAGE

Body language is very important. You've probably seen TED talks in the past. Ted speakers speak with what we call open body language . What does that mean? It means nothing between you and your audience so they don't stand behind lecterns and hold on to the lectern. They don't have their hands clasped or arms folded. They're out in front, full-body hand gestures going, and it creates a real impression with the audience, and it makes everything go better. 

• ALWAYS INCLUDE YOUR EMAIL IN THE PRESENTATION

So, a couple of basics. If you're speaking formally, always include an email address on a slide, on a whiteboard, or on a handout. You might ask, what does this tell your audience? It says you're approachable. If they have questions or want to contact you, they can.  

Now, one of the questions I often get from people is, “Oh, won't you get a lot of spam doing that?” I get spam, but it's never, never abused in a professional audience. I might get an invitation to speak in Hawaii. I might get a referral, I might get some constructive critiquing. But rarely do you get anything. It just makes you look good. 

• WRITE YOUR OWN INTRODUCTION

Again, if it's a formal presentation, write your own introduction. In the Bible, it might say the meek shall inherit the earth. Not when you're wanting to write your own introduction, you need to give yourself credibility on the topic to which you are speaking. And this is important – only you know the credibility you have. And if you send a 40-page curriculum vitae to somebody, nobody reads it, and they might pull out things that you don't feel are important. 

• THE NAME BADGE

And then what have I learned about the name badge? Well, first of all, when you are presenting formally, lose the badge because if you have a badge on your body, it looks stupid, it flops around, and anything on your person that is distracting will detract from your presentation. 

But if you are going to use the badge, put it on the upper right of your lapel. Why? Because when we meet and greet and shake hands, or bump fists, or hit elbows, it's on the upper right side and people can glance and see your name without looking over your torso embarrassingly to try to remember what your name was. 

• POWERPOINT – WHAT NOT TO DO

In medical presentations, lots of PowerPoints are still used, and it can be your friend, but it can often be your enemy. A college professor surveyed a thousand students and asked, “What do you all find most annoying sitting through PowerPoint presentations?” And they could answer more than once, but let me just share a few of the things they found most annoying, 

No. 1 was the speaker reading verbatim, word by word, your slides. Next, having tiny point type in the slides. Well, if you have 17 lines on a slide, you have to have tiny lettering to be seen. So, if you've heard of the rule of five or six, that's something to think about – no more than five or six lines per slide and no more than five or six words per slide. And watch out for hard-to-see colors, flying techs, and complex charts. 

Let's get to the meat of this talk and talk about how you best connect with an audience and the number one tip, know who's in your audience and meet their needs. 

• KNOW WHO'S YOUR AUDIENCE AND WHAT THEY WANT & NEED

What do they want to know? What do they need to know? Not, what do you want to talk about? If you can do that, your evaluations will go sky-high. And that's hard for some people to connect with. But it also takes a lot of baggage off of your shoulders. You don't have to talk about everything about a topic, you don't have to cover from front end to back end. You just have to think about what's this audience wants to know or needs to know. 

And you will meet their needs because they are tuned in to an FM radio station whenever you and I speak called WIIFM – What's in it for me? If you answer that question early, you've hooked them. They want to hear more. We'll talk a little about hooks further on. 

• ORGANIZATION AND HOOKS

The other important point is the organization of your presentation. An audience will give us somewhere between 5 and 30 seconds before they make a judgment of us and our material, and if you don't hook them, out come the iPhones and they’re reading their email. So, in that opening statement, you need to hook the audience. You can do that with a story, medical stories are cases, or the word imagine. And I'll give you an example. 

So, let's say that you're the chief resident is giving a discussion with the residents about diarrhea. And he starts out by saying, “Good morning. Today, we're going to speak about diarrhea. Diarrhea was first described by Dr. Dye and Dr. Rhea in 1898,” and in the audience is going, “Oh, lord, get me out of this. Now, this is going to be terrible.” 

But what if the same chief resident started with something like this? “Good morning. You pick up the chart of your first patient. She's a 39-year-old woman who's complaining of three weeks of watery diarrhea. Your heart sinks. You think, ‘What do I need to ask historically? Is there anything on the exam I need to pay attention to? What about testing? Do I need to do testing or order stool studies, or could I empirically treat her and see if she gets better?’ Great questions we’ll answer all these in this presentation. So if she's your first patient, you'll be ready.” 

That's a hook, starting with a case. Now, they feel they need to know or want to know more about diarrhea, when before, they weren't interested in a bunch of facts. 

• LESS INFORMATION IS MORE

Speaking of facts, it has been shown that after a typical gland rounds presentation, when the learners walk out of the room, and they're asked to recite any facts they recall from the presentation, the average number is zero to three. Zero to three! Why in the world would we give presentations if they don't remember everything we say? 

Unfortunately, if your goal is 25 facts in 25 minutes, you'll fail every time, but you can do a lot with a presentation. You can get the learners interested in your topic, so they learn more and want to read more about it. You can get funding for your research. You can get a promotion. You can change somebody's career. You can teach a procedure. But if your goal is 25 facts in 25 minutes, you'll fail every time. 

• STRONG FINISH

“Oh, we're done today,” is not a strong closing, nor is a picture of your family, the new baby, or a sunset. If people are going to remember anything out of your presentation. It's usually the last five percent. So I like to teach, say, these two words: In Summary . People awaken. If they've got a pencil, they'll start writing down whatever you say next. If you say, “And if you only remember three things from today,” that's probably what they'll remember. 

• GOOD DELIVERY AND SPEEDood Delivery and Speech

Concentrate on the delivery – face your audience, not your screen or your slides. Avoid monotone. You don't know what you sound like unless you've listened to your presentation, and your voice. 

Pace is important too. Many speakers talk very fast because after all, they only gave me 15 minutes to go through all this material, and I've got about 40 minutes of material but if I talk really fast, I can get through most of it. And I don't know about you, but I get a little nervous in front of an audience, so the faster I speak, the quicker I sit down. 

What's the trouble at that pace? It’s hard to listen and hard to understand, so you lose a sentence or two, and again, out come the iPhones and your into your email. 

And the most important speech technique you can master is pausing. To a speaker to pause seems eternal – to the audience, it's a short break. And for those of us that have filler, sounds like, “um, ah, so, uh, you know, etc.” knowing that you make those sounds and learning to replace them with a pause instead is the key here.  

• MAKE YOUR PRESENTATION A PERFORMANCE

Now, this is a hard thing sometimes for medical presenters, but you need to make your presentation a performance. Now, when I say performance, you don't have to tell jokes or sing and dance, but you have to connect with your audience. And the easiest way to connect right off the bat is to remember to smile. The audience wants you to succeed. They want you to feel that they can approach you after the presentation, ask you a question. 

Yet many of us are actually kind of frowning and looking off-putting because we're trying to think about that 23rd fact that nobody cares about anyway. If you cannot show enthusiasm for your own topic, how is your audience going to care? 

• HAND GESTURES

Hand gestures are important. We talked about open postures, so they're not together and grabbing, but along with open posture, you can have purposeful gestures. Do you know they're making pacemakers now at the size of a postage stamp? They can be tucked right under the clavicle. Can't even be seen anymore. Stories are better than facts, but a fact tied to a story will be remembered. And in medicine, our stories are wonderful. We have patient cases stories. We have lots of cases, and we can illustrate a teaching point that will probably be remembered because it's part of a story. 

• YOU WON'T LOOK NERVOUS, EVEN IF YOU FEEL NERVOUS

One of the biggest fears of people is public speaking, and I've heard from so many learners that they feel petrified and nervous if they have to speak in front of a large group. In fact, tongue in cheek, I heard once from a friend that there was an article published that showed, at a funeral, 80 percent of the congregation would feel more comfortable in the casket than delivering the eulogy. But public speaking can be a little frightening. 

The beauty is most anxiety doesn't show. In our videotaped workshops, we always videotape colleagues and then we ask them, were you nervous during this? “Oh, yes, very nervous.” Then we ask the group of other learners, “Did he or she look nervous?” “Absolutely not.” Most audiences will rate the speaker looking cool and calm, even though the speaker feels uncomfortable. The biggest fear of the speaker is looking nervous, biggest fear of the audience is being bored. 

• DRINK WATER

Sometimes, your voice can get a little dry. I think the parasympathetic can kick in. So, it's OK to have a little water to sip on while you're speaking. You probably don't want to slam down a big drink of diet cola before you speak. Not just the caffeine, but the bubbles could come up at the wrong time and embarrass you. So sipping on a little water is fine. 

• MAKE EYE CONTACT WITH AT LEAST ONE PERSON

Eye contact. If you're starting out, and you're a little nervous, make eye contact with somebody who is nodding and affirming, and that gives you a little more confidence. And then you can move around the room and make eye contact with others. 

I'm asking a lot about humor. If humor is part of your personality, like you can probably tell it's part of mine, it's OK to use it, but don't feel forced. And if you use humor, the safest humor to use is self-deprecating humor. I spoke poorly at my high school graduation. I'm sharing with you what I learned the hard way. That's a lot more acceptable than putting the humor on somebody else. 

We've covered a lot of ground. But in summary, if you only remember a few facts from this presentation: meet the needs of the audience, organize the presentation, start with a hook, limited facts, a strong summary, make it a performance, smile, hand gestures, purposeful gestures.  

And finally, your presentation skills are extremely important. And let me prove this to you. Think of a person that you have heard present in the last year or two that if he or she were presenting again, you'd make an effort to attend, get a face in your mind. I'll give you a moment now to yourself answer this question. How many facts do you remember the last time he or she spoke?  

I usually know the answer, but you remember the person. They were either friendly, approachable, very knowledgeable, funny, an expert in their field. All the stuff on slides isn't remembered, but you remember them for a long time as a great speaker.  And colleagues, I want you to be that person that is remembered for a long time as a great speaker. So, I hope these tips have been valuable to you. And I appreciate you reading.

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30 Top Medical Presentation Ideas

Introducing 30 Top Medical Presentation Ideas with free templates. Explore a diverse collection of professionally designed presentation templates, each tailored to showcase different facets of the medical field.

Whether you’re delving into the world of medicine, healthcare, or cutting-edge medical technologies, our templates offer a visually compelling way to convey your message. From topics like scientific medicine and emergency treatment to pharmaceutical breakthroughs and established therapies, these templates cover a wide spectrum of medical subjects. Elevate your presentations with these eye-catching designs and captivate your audience with informative and engaging content. Download our free medical templates today and embark on a journey to create impactful presentations that leave a lasting impression.

Table of Contents

1. medical textbooks, 2. portrait of medical staff in blue colors, 3. medical practitioner, 4. emergency medicine treatment, 5. pill cocktail, 6. signs of medicine in a green colors, 7. nanotechnology in medicine, 8. modern medicine, 9. medicine, 10. illegal medicine, 11. doctor hands holding medicine, 12. medicine bottle, 13. doctors of medicine, 14. dental medicine, 15. doctor of medicine, 16. medicine in tablets, 17. global medicine concept, 18. medical prescription, 19. first aid kit, 20. paediatrist, 21. aortic aneurysm, 22. medical tests in the lab, 23. anti smoking, 24. medical care, 25. blue cross and chronometer, 26. health check diagnosis concept, 27. medical diagnosis, 28. infusion, 29. surgical instruments, 30. first aid car.

Introducing the Medical Textbooks Presentation Template !

Are you a medical student or educator looking to make your presentations stand out? Look no further! Our “Medical Textbooks” template is here to elevate your medical lectures, seminars, or workshops.

This dynamic template features a captivating image of a stack of textbooks topped with a stethoscope. It perfectly encapsulates the essence of medical education, making it ideal for presentations related to medicine learning, medical institutes, colleges, or any topic within the field of medicine.

With this template, you can effortlessly convey complex medical concepts and engage your audience with its visually appealing design. Whether you’re discussing the latest research findings, sharing valuable insights, or guiding future doctors and nurses, this template provides a professional and polished backdrop for your content.

Don’t miss out on this opportunity to enhance your medical presentations. Download our “Medical Textbooks” template today and take your medical discourse to the next level. Your audience will thank you for it!

Get started now and deliver impactful presentations that leave a lasting impression. Your journey towards effective medical communication begins here.

Download the template

Explore our Portrait Of Medical Staff in Blue Colors presentation template , a versatile and visually appealing resource for a wide range of medical and healthcare-related topics. This template features a professional and dedicated medical team, including doctors, nurses, pediatricians, and specialists, all dressed in calming blue attire.

Whether you’re preparing a presentation on general medicine, healthcare services, clinics, or hospitals, this template provides an excellent backdrop to deliver your message effectively. The blue color scheme exudes trust, professionalism, and reliability, setting the tone for a credible and informative presentation.

Highlight key aspects of your medical content, from aftercare and diagnosis to emergency services and rehabilitation. The template’s visuals convey a sense of expertise and teamwork, reinforcing the importance of collaboration in the medical field.

With a modern and clean design, your audience will appreciate the clarity and organization of your presentation. Engage your viewers with compelling content, and use this template as a powerful tool to educate, inform, or advocate for various medical topics.

Don’t miss the opportunity to captivate your audience and make a lasting impression. Download our “Portrait Of Medical Staff in Blue Colors” template now and take your medical presentations to the next level.

Introducing our Medical Practitioner presentation template , a powerful resource designed to enhance your medical and healthcare-related presentations. This template features a confident and dedicated doctor at the forefront, symbolizing expertise and trust in the field of medicine.

Whether you’re delivering a presentation on medical tests, patient care, equipment, scientific research, or specialized fields like pediatrics and cardiology, this template provides an ideal platform. The blue color scheme exudes professionalism and reliability, setting the tone for a credible and informative presentation.

Emphasize various aspects of medical practice, from aftercare and rehabilitation to healthcare facilities and support from a team of experts. The visuals in this template convey a sense of confidence, competence, and compassion, highlighting the essential qualities of a medical practitioner.

With a clean and modern design, this template ensures your content is clear, organized, and engaging for your audience. Use it as a versatile tool to educate, inform, and inspire others about critical medical topics.

Don’t miss the chance to create impactful presentations that leave a lasting impression on your viewers. Download our “Medical Practitioner” template now and elevate your medical presentations to new heights, driving home the importance of quality healthcare and medical expertise.

Introducing the Emergency Medicine Treatment Presentation Template !

In the fast-paced world of emergency medicine, effective communication is paramount. Our “Emergency Medicine Treatment” template is here to assist you in delivering impactful presentations on medical treatment, healthcare, and emergency care.

This striking template features a phonendoscope and a bandage against a vibrant blue backdrop, creating a sense of urgency and professionalism. The dark blue and white color scheme adds a touch of sophistication, making it an ideal choice for presentations related to clinics, pediatric care, traumatology, and all aspects of emergency medical services.

With this template, you can effectively convey the importance of rapid response and quality healthcare in critical situations. Whether you’re discussing first aid procedures, medical equipment management, or the vital role of paramedics and emergency services, our “Emergency Medicine Treatment” template provides a visually compelling backdrop for your content.

Embrace the urgency of your field and ensure that your presentations leave a lasting impact. Download the “Emergency Medicine Treatment” template now and empower your audience with the knowledge and skills needed in emergency situations.

Don’t wait—take action now and deliver presentations that can make a real difference in the world of emergency medicine. Your commitment to saving lives begins with effective communication.

Welcome to our Pill Cocktail presentation template , designed to make your pharmaceutical and medical presentations more captivating and informative. This template, set against a professional blue background, is perfect for addressing topics related to pharmacology, drug production, and the world of medicine.

With its vibrant and colorful imagery, this template evokes the essence of pharmaceutical production and healthcare. It represents the diversity of medications, vitamins, and supplements available to meet various healthcare needs. From painkillers to nutritional supplements, “Pill Cocktail” covers a wide spectrum of pharmaceutical products.

This template is ideal for presentations on pharmaceutical research, drug development, medical breakthroughs, and the significance of vitamins in maintaining well-being. The pill bottle graphic symbolizes the pharmaceutical industry’s role in providing essential medicines to improve health and alleviate suffering.

Incorporate this template into your presentations to deliver comprehensive insights into the pharmaceutical world, highlighting the importance of medications and supplements in healthcare. Engage your audience with visually appealing slides that underscore the variety and importance of these medical innovations.

Elevate your pharmaceutical presentations and emphasize the significance of diverse medications in maintaining health and well-being. Download our “Pill Cocktail” template today and empower your audience with knowledge about the world of pharmaceuticals and medicine.

Introducing the Signs of Medicine in Green Presentation Template!

Discover the soothing power of green with our “Signs of Medicine in Green” template, tailor-made for presentations on the vast world of healthcare, medical institutions, and the dedicated professionals who keep us healthy.

This refreshing template bathes you in a sea of green, symbolizing health and vitality. It’s the ideal choice for presentations that cover medical facilities, clinics, hospitals, doctors, insurance, and more. The crisp design showcases a collection of essential medical icons, emphasizing the importance of healthcare in our lives.

With this template, you can effortlessly convey the significance of healthcare services, medical treatments, and the role of dedicated medical professionals. Whether you’re discussing cardiology, emergency services, or the importance of vaccinations, our “Signs of Medicine in Green” template provides a visually appealing backdrop for your content.

Step into the world of healthcare and inspire your audience with presentations that promote well-being and the importance of medical care. Share your knowledge and encourage others to prioritize their health.

Don’t miss this opportunity to create presentations that resonate with your audience and emphasize the importance of healthcare. Download the “Signs of Medicine in Green” template now and embark on a journey to promote a healthier world. Begin your healthcare discourse today!

Presenting the Nanotechnology in Medicine Presentation Template !

Explore the fascinating realm where science fiction intersects with reality in our “Nanotechnology in Medicine” template. This cutting-edge template is perfect for presentations that delve into the revolutionary impact of nanotechnology in the field of medicine and blood-related research.

The template features a striking image of a nanobot, symbolizing the microscopic wonders of nanotechnology. It’s the ideal choice for presentations that delve into nanomedicine, genetic therapies, and the incredible potential of nanobots in medical treatments.

With this template, you can effectively convey the groundbreaking concepts behind nanotechnology, its applications in healthcare, and its potential to revolutionize disease treatment. Whether you’re discussing cancer research, blood cell manipulation, or advanced surgical techniques, our “Nanotechnology in Medicine” template provides an eye-catching backdrop for your content.

Step into the realm of scientific innovation and inspire your audience with presentations that showcase the limitless possibilities of nanotechnology in medicine. Share your insights and encourage others to explore the future of healthcare.

Don’t miss out on this opportunity to create presentations that highlight the intersection of science and medicine. Download the “Nanotechnology in Medicine” template now and embark on a journey to reveal the microscopic heroes shaping the future of healthcare. Start your nanotechnology discourse today!

Step into the world of contemporary healthcare with our Modern Medicine template , meticulously crafted for presentations covering medicine, medical assistance, healthcare institutions, and emergency services.

This dynamic template features a collage of healthcare-related images, reflecting the diverse facets of modern medicine. Whether you’re discussing pain management, antibiotics, chronic illnesses, or the crucial role of healthcare professionals, this template provides a visually engaging backdrop for your content.

With this template, you can effectively convey the importance of healthcare in our lives, the advancements in medical treatments, and the dedication of medical professionals. Whether you’re addressing common ailments, the role of pharmaceuticals, or the challenges faced by healthcare providers, our “Modern Medicine” template is the perfect canvas for your message.

Join the conversation on healthcare excellence and inspire your audience with presentations that emphasize the importance of medical care. Share your expertise and encourage others to prioritize their health and well-being.

Don’t miss this opportunity to create impactful presentations that resonate with your audience. Download the “Modern Medicine” template now and embark on a journey to explore the advancements and challenges of modern healthcare. Begin your healthcare discourse today!

Unveil the essence of healthcare with our Medicine template , thoughtfully designed for presentations covering the vast spectrum of healthcare, medical practice, education, and scientific research.

This striking template features the iconic caduceus symbol on a sophisticated gray background, symbolizing the core of medicine. It’s the perfect choice for presentations that explore healthcare systems, medical education, clinics, hospitals, laboratories, and groundbreaking research.

With this template, you can effortlessly convey the significance of healthcare, medical advancements, and the pivotal role of healthcare professionals. Whether you’re discussing breakthroughs in antibiotic research, healthcare icons, or the intricacies of medical procedures, our “Medicine” template provides an aesthetically pleasing backdrop for your content.

Step into the world of healthcare excellence and inspire your audience with presentations that emphasize the importance of medical care. Share your expertise and encourage others to pursue the path of healthcare and scientific discovery.

Don’t miss this opportunity to create impactful presentations that resonate with your audience. Download the “Medicine” template now and embark on a journey to explore the frontiers of healthcare and medical innovation. Begin your discourse on healthcare excellence today!

Dive into the shadowy world of illegal medicine with our Uncovering Illegal Medicine template , designed for presentations that delve into the darker side of healthcare, such as illicit drug trading and corrupt medical practices.

This impactful template features an image of a doctor with a pocket full of dollars, symbolizing the unethical and unlawful aspects of medicine. It’s the perfect choice for presentations that aim to expose corruption, financial fraud, and illegal activities within the healthcare industry.

With this template, you can effectively communicate the need to address issues related to bribery, extortion, and illegal organ transplants. Whether you’re discussing the consequences of illegal drugs or the impact of corrupt practices on healthcare, our “Uncovering Illegal Medicine” template provides a thought-provoking backdrop for your content.

Shed light on the hidden corners of healthcare and motivate your audience to take action against unethical practices. Share your insights and encourage others to promote transparency and accountability within the medical field.

Don’t miss the opportunity to create presentations that raise awareness about illegal medicine. Download the “Uncovering Illegal Medicine” template now and embark on a journey to address critical issues within the healthcare industry. Begin your discourse on healthcare ethics today!

From the very first glance at this template, its dedication to the fields of medicine, pharmacy, and healthcare becomes abundantly clear. The image of doctor hands carefully cradling an assortment of multicolored pills instantly encapsulates the essence of the presentation, conveying a powerful message to the audience, establishing trust, and earning recognition.

Set against a neutral beige background, this template is designed to resonate with healthcare professionals, pharmacists, and anyone involved in the pharmaceutical industry. The close-up view of the doctor’s hands holding medicine reflects a commitment to precision, care, and the importance of medical treatment.

With this template, you can effectively communicate the significance of pharmaceuticals, medical treatment, and the vital role played by healthcare providers. Whether you’re discussing drugstore management, pharmaceutical research, or the complexities of healthcare, our “Doctor Hands Holding Medicine” template provides a compelling backdrop for your content.

Navigate the realm of healthcare excellence and inspire your audience with presentations that celebrate the dedication of medical professionals and the importance of pharmaceutical care. Share your insights and encourage others to prioritize health and well-being.

Don’t miss the opportunity to create presentations that resonate with your audience, whether they are in the healthcare industry or simply seeking medical information. Download the “Doctor Hands Holding Medicine” template now and embark on a journey to explore the world of medicine, pharmacy, and healthcare excellence. Begin your discourse on healthcare today!

Step into the world of pharmaceutical excellence with our Medicine Bottle template , meticulously designed to convey a sense of impartiality and a quest for innovative medical solutions. This template’s tranquil silver background signifies an unbiased approach to problem-solving, while the blue medicine bottle adds a soothing touch, igniting the imagination and promising coveted results.

This template is a visual ode to the latest developments in the medical field, a field crucial to humanity’s well-being. It is particularly well-suited for pharmaceutical and medical companies, offering a captivating backdrop for presentations that explore a wide range of medical topics.

With this template, you can effectively communicate the importance of pharmaceutical research, dosage precision, and the role of healthcare providers. Whether you’re discussing medication management, innovative drug development, or the challenges of healthcare, our “Medicine Bottle” template provides an eye-catching canvas for your content.

Delve into the realm of pharmaceutical innovation and inspire your audience with presentations that celebrate advancements in medicine and healthcare. Share your insights and encourage others to embrace innovative solutions for a healthier future.

Don’t miss the opportunity to create presentations that resonate with professionals in the pharmaceutical and medical fields, as well as those seeking medical information. Download the “Medicine Bottle” template now and embark on a journey to explore the world of medicine, pharmaceuticals, and healthcare excellence. Begin your discourse on healthcare innovation today!

Step into the world of healthcare excellence with our Doctors of Medicine template , bathed in a beautiful light blue hue that radiates compassion and dedication. This captivating template features a diverse medical team, each member committed to nurturing and caring for those in need.

The image of doctors, medications, and medical instruments symbolizes the collaborative effort required in the field of healthcare. It’s an ideal choice for presentations that explore various facets of healthcare, including treatment, examination, laboratory investigations, and post-treatment care.

With this template, you can effectively convey the importance of teamwork, expertise, and compassionate patient care. Whether you’re discussing medical research, diagnostic procedures, or the vital role of healthcare professionals, our “Doctors of Medicine” template provides a visually engaging backdrop for your content.

Celebrate the remarkable individuals in the healthcare field and inspire your audience with presentations that emphasize the profound impact of medical practice and research. Share your insights and encourage others to prioritize their health and well-being.

Don’t miss this opportunity to create presentations that resonate with healthcare professionals and those seeking medical knowledge. Download the “Doctors of Medicine” template now and embark on a journey to explore the world of healthcare excellence. Begin your discourse on healthcare today!

Unlock the secrets of dental health with our Dental Medicine template , meticulously crafted to shine a spotlight on the world of dental care, stomatology, and the quest for healthy, radiant smiles.

This captivating template showcases a diligent dentist and state-of-the-art stomatology equipment, embodying the essence of oral health services. It’s the perfect choice for presentations that explore dental specialties, hygiene, dental clinics, and the importance of maintaining healthy teeth and gums.

With this template, you can effectively convey the significance of oral hygiene, dental treatments, and the role of dental professionals. Whether you’re discussing orthodontics, dental implants, or the importance of fluoride, our “Dental Medicine” template provides a visually appealing backdrop for your content.

Embark on a journey to promote dental health and inspire your audience with presentations that celebrate the importance of a radiant smile. Share your insights and encourage others to prioritize their oral health.

Don’t miss this opportunity to create presentations that resonate with dental professionals and those seeking guidance on oral hygiene. Download the “Dental Medicine” template now and embark on a journey to explore the world of dental care and the pursuit of healthy, beautiful smiles. Begin your discourse on dental health today!

Step into the world of healthcare excellence with our Doctor of Medicine template , a versatile and dynamic choice for presentations that cover a broad spectrum of medical topics, including healthcare facilities, hospitals, clinics, medical professionals, and the quest for better health.

This template is adorned with a 3D medical professional, symbolizing the expertise and dedication of doctors in providing care and treatment. It’s the perfect choice for presentations that explore medical treatments, disease management, and the importance of healthcare providers in our lives.

With this template, you can effectively convey the significance of comprehensive healthcare, the role of medical practitioners, and the pursuit of wellness. Whether you’re discussing medical insurance, diagnostic procedures, or the urgency of healthcare, our “Doctor of Medicine” template provides a visually engaging backdrop for your content.

Embrace the world of healthcare excellence and inspire your audience with presentations that celebrate the tireless efforts of medical professionals and the importance of access to quality healthcare. Share your insights and encourage others to prioritize their health and well-being.

Don’t miss this opportunity to create presentations that resonate with healthcare professionals and individuals seeking medical knowledge. Download the “Doctor of Medicine” template now and embark on a journey to explore the world of comprehensive healthcare. Begin your discourse on healthcare excellence today!

Delve into the world of pharmaceuticals with our Medicine in Tablets template , meticulously designed to serve as an illuminating illustration in presentations that cover the vast realm of pharmacology, medical treatments, and the science of drugs.

This engaging template features a palm adorned with two tablets, representing the essence of medical treatment. It’s the ideal choice for presentations that explore the world of medication, including antidepressants, painkillers, vitamins, and the importance of pharmaceutical care.

With this template, you can effectively communicate the significance of pharmacological advancements, medication management, and the role of healthcare professionals. Whether you’re discussing prescription drugs, drug interactions, or the importance of adhering to treatment regimens, our “Medicine in Tablets” template provides a visually compelling backdrop for your content.

Immerse your audience in the world of pharmaceutical excellence and inspire them with presentations that emphasize the importance of responsible medication use. Share your insights and encourage others to prioritize their health and well-being.

Don’t miss this opportunity to create presentations that resonate with healthcare professionals, pharmacists, and individuals seeking knowledge about medications. Download the “Medicine in Tablets” template now and embark on a journey to explore the world of pharmaceutical science. Begin your discourse on responsible medication use today!

Embark on a global journey through healthcare with our Global Medicine Concept template , meticulously crafted to convey a sense of tranquility, trust, and a commitment to addressing healthcare issues on a global scale.

This serene template, bathed in soothing blue and gray tones, inspires confidence and builds loyalty among your audience. At its core is a globe, prominently positioned at the center of the slide, symbolizing the worldwide healthcare challenges that demand honesty and openness in our approach. A stethoscope, a universal symbol of medical care, highlights the essence and urgency of the project.

The “Global Medicine Concept” template is a perfect choice for presentations that explore healthcare initiatives, global medical challenges, and the importance of international collaboration in addressing health issues. Whether you’re discussing diagnostic technologies, healthcare measurements, or the need for a healthier world, this template provides a visually appealing backdrop for your content.

Navigate the world of global healthcare excellence and inspire your audience with presentations that emphasize the importance of unity and cooperation in addressing health challenges worldwide. Share your insights and encourage others to join the mission for a healthier planet.

Don’t miss this opportunity to create presentations that resonate with healthcare professionals and global health advocates. Download the “Global Medicine Concept” template now and embark on a journey to explore the world of global healthcare initiatives. Begin your discourse on global health today!

Introducing our Medical Prescription presentation template , designed to enhance your medical and healthcare-related presentations. This versatile template is the perfect choice for addressing a wide range of medical topics, from cardiology to pediatrics, scientific research to patient care.

This template features a professional design with a focus on the essential elements of the medical field. It includes imagery related to prescriptions, medical records, and healthcare documentation. The red accents symbolize urgency and attention to detail, which are crucial aspects of medical practice.

Whether you’re discussing the intricacies of medical tests, treatment plans, or the role of physicians and pharmacists in patient care, this template has you covered. It’s suitable for presentations on healthcare facilities, insurance, medical career paths, and much more.

With its clean and organized layout, “Medical Prescription” ensures that your content is presented in a clear and visually appealing manner. The images of a doctor’s hand holding a prescription pad and writing with a pen convey the importance of accurate medical documentation.

Empower your audience with knowledge about the significance of prescriptions, healthcare documentation, and the role they play in effective patient care. Make your medical presentations more engaging and informative by using our “Medical Prescription” template. Download it today and take your medical presentations to the next level.

Presenting our First Aid Kit PowerPoint template , an excellent choice for your emergency medicine and medical assistance presentations. This professionally designed template is ideal for conveying critical information about first aid procedures, medical education, and the importance of having well-equipped first aid kits readily available.

The template features a clean and organized layout with a prominent blue color scheme symbolizing reliability and trustworthiness in emergency situations. It incorporates essential elements such as bandages, a medical cross, and a first aid kit, all of which underscore the importance of immediate medical attention in times of calamity or injury.

Whether you’re addressing medical professionals, educating the public on first aid practices, or discussing the role of healthcare institutions in providing emergency care, this template has you covered. It’s also suitable for presentations on pharmacology, medication, and the healthcare industry.

With the “First Aid Kit” template, you can effectively communicate the significance of preparedness, safety, and quick response during medical emergencies. Emphasize the importance of having a well-stocked first aid kit and knowing how to use it to save lives.

Enhance your emergency medicine presentations and empower your audience with knowledge that can make a difference in critical situations. Download our “First Aid Kit” template today and create impactful presentations that emphasize the importance of medical preparedness and prompt action.

Step into the world of pediatric care with our Paediatrician template , thoughtfully designed for presentations that focus on children’s health, pediatricians, family doctors, and the well-being of our youngest patients.

This heartwarming template features a caring pediatrician and a cheerful little patient, symbolizing the essence of pediatric medicine and the dedication of healthcare providers who specialize in children’s health. It’s the perfect choice for presentations that explore children’s diseases, pediatric healthcare, and the importance of medical care tailored for kids.

With this template, you can effectively convey the significance of pediatric medicine, the role of pediatricians in child wellness, and the importance of providing specialized medical care for young patients. Whether you’re discussing common childhood illnesses, pediatric treatments, or the nurturing approach of family doctors, our “Paediatrician” template provides a visually engaging backdrop for your content.

Step into the world of pediatric excellence and inspire your audience with presentations that celebrate the health and well-being of children. Share your insights and encourage others to prioritize the care and happiness of our youngest generation.

Don’t miss this opportunity to create presentations that resonate with healthcare professionals and individuals seeking knowledge about children’s health. Download the “Paediatrician” template now and embark on a journey to explore the world of pediatric medicine and the importance of nurturing young lives. Begin your discourse on children’s healthcare today!

Embark on a journey into the intricate world of the cardiovascular system with our Aortic Aneurysm template , meticulously crafted for presentations that delve into arterial aneurysms, heart diseases, cardiology, and the complexities of the human heart.

This comprehensive template is a visual roadmap of the cardiovascular system, featuring detailed diagrams and medical imagery that underscore the importance of cardiac health. It’s the perfect choice for presentations that explore the diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with aortic aneurysms and cardiovascular conditions.

With this template, you can effectively communicate the significance of cardiovascular health, the role of cardiology, and the importance of early diagnosis and intervention. Whether you’re discussing angioplasty procedures, surgical treatments, or the need for cardiovascular care, our “Aortic Aneurysm” template provides a visually compelling backdrop for your content.

Delve into the world of cardiac excellence and inspire your audience with presentations that emphasize the importance of heart health and medical advancements in cardiology. Share your insights and encourage others to prioritize their cardiovascular well-being.

Don’t miss this opportunity to create presentations that resonate with healthcare professionals and individuals seeking knowledge about heart diseases. Download the “Aortic Aneurysm” template now and embark on a journey to explore the intricate mysteries of the cardiovascular system. Begin your discourse on heart health today!

Introducing our Medical Tests In The Lab PowerPoint template , a visually appealing and informative choice for presentations on medical diagnostics, laboratory procedures, and cutting-edge healthcare advancements. This template showcases a clean and calming light blue-and-white color palette, reflecting professionalism and precision in the field of medical testing and research.

Featuring essential medical accessories like beakers, microscopes, and laboratory equipment, this template provides an ideal backdrop for discussing various topics related to medical tests, scientific experiments, and healthcare technology. Whether your presentation focuses on the development of pharmaceuticals, the study of microbiology, or the importance of diagnostic accuracy, this template sets the stage for impactful communication.

The “Medical Tests In The Lab” template emphasizes the importance of scientific research and the role of laboratories in improving healthcare outcomes. It’s a perfect choice for professionals in the medical and pharmaceutical fields, educators, and researchers.

Engage your audience and convey complex medical concepts with clarity using this well-designed template. Demonstrate the significance of precise testing, experimentation, and the pursuit of knowledge to advance healthcare.

Don’t miss the opportunity to enhance your medical presentations. Download our “Medical Tests In The Lab” template today and deliver compelling talks that highlight the critical role of laboratories and medical testing in healthcare advancements.

Take a bold stand against harmful habits with our Anti Smoking template , thoughtfully designed to serve as a powerful symbol of health advocacy, cancer prevention, and the fight against smoking-related illnesses.

This striking template features a pack of cigarettes adorned with a stark skull and bones picture, symbolizing the grave dangers of smoking. It’s the perfect choice for presentations that explore health care, oncology, cancer risk, anti-smoking campaigns, and the importance of tobacco legislation.

With this template, you can effectively communicate the pernicious effects of smoking, the hazardous nature of tobacco products, and the urgency of promoting a smoke-free lifestyle. Whether you’re discussing the dangers of nicotine addiction, the impact on public health, or the need for anti-smoking legislation, our “Anti Smoking” template provides a visually compelling backdrop for your content.

Take a stand against smoking-related illnesses and inspire your audience with presentations that emphasize the importance of quitting smoking and preventing future generations from falling victim to this harmful habit. Share your insights and encourage others to lead healthier, smoke-free lives.

Don’t miss this opportunity to create presentations that resonate with health professionals, advocacy groups, and individuals seeking to raise awareness about the dangers of smoking. Download the “Anti Smoking” template now and embark on a journey to advocate for a smoke-free world. Begin your discourse on health advocacy today!

Unlock the world of healthcare with our Medical Care template , meticulously designed for presentations that cover medicine, medical care, treatment, ambulance services, medical programs, insurance, and the vital importance of heart health.

This comprehensive template showcases a collage of medical imagery, from healthcare professionals and instruments to heart rate monitoring and medical supplies. It’s the perfect choice for presentations that explore a wide spectrum of medical topics, from emergency care to medical research and disease diagnosis.

With this template, you can effectively communicate the significance of medical care, the dedication of healthcare professionals, and the importance of access to quality healthcare. Whether you’re discussing medical programs, insurance policies, or the need for first aid training, our “Medical Care” template provides a visually compelling backdrop for your content.

Navigate the world of healthcare excellence and inspire your audience with presentations that emphasize the importance of health advocacy and medical advancements. Share your insights and encourage others to prioritize their well-being and access to medical care.

Don’t miss this opportunity to create presentations that resonate with healthcare professionals, researchers, and individuals seeking knowledge about healthcare access. Download the “Medical Care” template now and embark on a journey to explore the world of medical care and the quest for a healthier world. Begin your discourse on health today!

Unlock the essence of healthcare and the significance of time in making critical decisions with our Blue Cross and Chronometer template , thoughtfully crafted to underscore the importance of medicine, timely care, and healthcare providers.

This compelling template features a striking azure cross juxtaposed with a chronometer, symbolizing the urgency and precision of healthcare services. Against a serene gray background, it’s the perfect choice for presentations that focus on medical centers, healthcare companies, and the critical role of time in the field of medicine.

With this template, you can effectively convey the importance of timely medical care, the dedication of healthcare professionals, and the urgent nature of emergency services. Whether you’re discussing medical supplies, prescription services, or the need for swift healthcare delivery, our “Blue Cross and Chronometer” template provides a visually compelling backdrop for your content.

Navigate the world of healthcare excellence and inspire your audience with presentations that underscore the importance of quick and effective medical services. Share your insights and encourage others to prioritize their well-being and access to timely healthcare.

Don’t miss this opportunity to create presentations that resonate with healthcare professionals, healthcare providers, and individuals seeking knowledge about the importance of timely care. Download the “Blue Cross and Chronometer” template now and embark on a journey to explore the world of healthcare and the value of time in saving lives. Begin your discourse on health today!

Explore the world of healthcare and digital diagnostics with our Health Check Diagnosis Concept template , thoughtfully designed to convey discernment, integrity, and serenity, key attributes in the field of medicine and health.

This captivating template showcases a businessman holding a tablet, symbolizing the fusion of technology and healthcare. Against a backdrop of serene blue, it’s the perfect choice for presentations that delve into medical diagnostics, health assessment, and the importance of digital tools in the healthcare industry.

With this template, you can effectively communicate the significance of digital health, the role of technology in medical diagnosis, and the future of healthcare through online platforms. Whether you’re discussing clinical assessments, electronic health records, or the benefits of telemedicine, our “Health Check Diagnosis Concept” template provides a visually compelling backdrop for your content.

Embark on a journey into the world of healthcare innovation and inspire your audience with presentations that highlight the potential of digital diagnostics and the path to wellness. Share your insights and encourage others to explore the intersection of technology and healthcare for a healthier future.

Don’t miss this opportunity to create presentations that resonate with healthcare professionals, researchers, and individuals seeking knowledge about digital health. Download the “Health Check Diagnosis Concept” template now and embark on a journey to explore the limitless possibilities of health and technology. Begin your discourse on healthcare innovation today!

Delve into the world of medical treatment, diagnosis, and healthcare excellence with our Medical Diagnosis template , meticulously designed for presentations that cover doctors, clinics, hospitals, diseases, and the comprehensive field of medical care.

This versatile template offers a visual journey through the realm of healthcare, featuring images of medical instruments, pills, and a stethoscope. It’s the perfect choice for presentations that explore medical diagnosis, treatment options, and the tireless efforts of healthcare professionals.

With this template, you can effectively convey the importance of medical care, the dedication of doctors, and the significance of access to quality healthcare. Whether you’re discussing pharmaceutical advancements, therapeutic treatments, or the need for medical interventions, our “Medical Diagnosis” template provides a visually compelling backdrop for your content.

Navigate the world of healthcare excellence and inspire your audience with presentations that underscore the importance of health advocacy and medical advancements. Share your insights and encourage others to prioritize their well-being and access to medical care.

Don’t miss this opportunity to create presentations that resonate with healthcare professionals, researchers, and individuals seeking knowledge about medical diagnosis and treatment options. Download the “Medical Diagnosis” template now and embark on a journey to explore the comprehensive field of healthcare. Begin your discourse on health today!

Journey into the world of medicine, pharmacology, and healthcare innovation with our Infusion template , meticulously crafted in light yellow and blue hues, showcasing a doctor’s hands with a syringe filled with medicine. This template is the ideal choice for presentations that encompass a wide spectrum of medical topics, from drug discovery and pharmacology to healthcare and scientific research.

The imagery of a doctor holding a syringe symbolizes the precision and dedication of healthcare professionals in administering medical aid. Against the backdrop of light yellow and blue, it emphasizes the importance of medical treatment, laboratory research, and healthcare excellence.

With this template, you can effectively convey the significance of medical advancements, the role of pharmacology in healthcare, and the need for scientific research in addressing medical problems and diseases. Whether you’re discussing vaccination programs, drug discovery, or medical tests, our “Infusion” template provides a visually compelling backdrop for your content.

Embark on a journey into the world of healthcare excellence and inspire your audience with presentations that highlight the importance of medical research, treatment options, and the quest for healthier lives. Share your insights and encourage others to explore the limitless possibilities of healthcare innovation.

Don’t miss this opportunity to create presentations that resonate with healthcare professionals, researchers, and individuals seeking knowledge about medical advancements. Download the “Infusion” template now and embark on a journey to explore the fascinating world of healthcare. Begin your discourse on health today!

Introducing our Surgical Instruments PowerPoint template , a versatile and essential tool for medical professionals, educators, and researchers. This template features a collection of essential surgical instruments and equipment against a clean and calming blue backdrop.

Designed to enhance various medical presentations, this template is ideal for discussions on medicine, surgical procedures, healthcare, clinics, emergency services, and life-saving interventions such as surgery, reanimation, resuscitation, and organ transplantation.

The “Surgical Instruments” template emphasizes the precision and expertise required in surgical and medical practices. It offers a visual representation of the tools used by surgeons and medical teams to provide exceptional patient care and conduct complex procedures.

Whether you’re educating future medical professionals, presenting groundbreaking surgical techniques, or discussing the importance of advanced medical technology, this template provides a professional and informative platform.

Engage your audience and underscore the significance of surgical precision, patient well-being, and the advancements in the field of medicine. Download our “Surgical Instruments” template now and deliver impactful presentations that highlight the critical role of surgical instruments in saving lives and improving healthcare outcomes.

Prepare for an exploration of the world of medicine, treatment, and emergency healthcare with our First Aid Car template . Crafted in a harmonious blend of blue, white, and brown colors, this template features an ambulance and dedicated medical staff, making it an ideal choice for presentations that span a wide spectrum of healthcare topics.

The imagery of a first aid car and healthcare professionals embodies the spirit of reliability and prompt response in times of medical emergencies. Against a backdrop of blue, white, and brown, it emphasizes the importance of emergency care, healthcare facilities, and medical operations.

With this template, you can effectively convey the significance of first aid, emergency medical services, and the dedication of healthcare teams. Whether you’re discussing trauma care, surgical procedures, or the crucial role of paramedics, our “First Aid Car” template provides a visually compelling backdrop for your content.

Navigate the world of lifesaving care and inspire your audience with presentations that highlight the importance of prompt medical attention and the tireless efforts of healthcare professionals. Share your insights and encourage others to recognize the value of timely healthcare services.

Don’t miss this opportunity to create presentations that resonate with healthcare practitioners, emergency responders, and individuals seeking knowledge about emergency care and medical services. Download the “First Aid Car” template now and embark on a journey to explore the vital realm of emergency healthcare. Begin your discourse on lifesaving care today!

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12+ Free Healthcare PowerPoint Templates

Health is one of the most basic needs of every human. And as such, there are many projects related to it. Whether it is to promote your health-related industry or to discuss a new health insurance option for your employees, a nice presentation will make sure that you get your message across. These free healthcare PowerPoint templates are a great option to impress your audience and take your presentation to the next level.

Free Healthcare PowerPoint Templates

The free healthcare PowerPoint templates that you’ll find in this section are all related to the medical industry. Explain your services, medical terms, and raise awareness about specific topics with these amazing designs!

Medical PowerPoint Template

This beautifully designed free healthcare PowerPoint template has all the tools you might need for a medical presentation. It has slides you can use to showcase different procedure options or different service tiers. It has several text slides so you can easily add any messages you find convenient. And it also includes healthcare-themed graphs to add some data.

Health Care PowerPoint Template

Healthcare can include many factors. That’s why this incredibly complete presentation will help you cover them all. Designing a healthcare-themed PowerPoint presentation all on yourself can be pretty challenging, but luckily this one is completely free for you to download! It has a blue-and-grey color theme that will make your presentation pop-up while still looking professional. And the healthcare-related icons in every slide will help you convey more efficiently your message.

Telehealth PowerPoint Template

The COVID-19 pandemic has made clear how important remote services can be. The development of current technologies has helped change radically many industries, and the medical industry is no exception! Get access to new patients, train your staff in the new protocols, and educate your clients on how to take advantage of all these new options with this free healthcare PowerPoint template.

Creative First Aid Template

First Aid is an outstanding knowledge to have. Even if you’re not sure when it could become handy, it’s always better to be cautious! This free first aid PowerPoint template is perfect for giving your team a crash course. Its eye-catching design, based in a red color palette and healthcare-related images and icons, will make sure that your audience focuses all its attention on such an important topic.

Heart Disease Prevention PowerPoint Template

According to the American Heart Association and the World Health Organization, heart diseases are the no.1 cause of death globally . Over 17 million lives are lost every year thanks to cardiovascular complications. That’s why conveying awareness about this topic is so important. Use this free healthcare PowerPoint template to share risk factors, heart-related data, and cardiovascular disease statistics.

Mental Health Awareness PowerPoint Presentation

Mental health is very important, even if its a topic not talked about very often. Luckily, nowadays more and more people in the medical industry are putting emphasis on it. If you’re thinking about implementing a mental health program or maybe just addressing the topic to create a more positive workplace, then this free healthcare PowerPoint template is perfect for you!

Other Free Healthcare-Related PowerPoint Templates

There are many other aspects related to healthcare beyond strictly medical issues. Exercise, nutrition, and lifestyle can all play a huge role in feeling good and staying healthy. The free PowerPoint templates in this section will help you give your audience a more well-rounded look at what healthcare means.

Nutrition PowerPoint Template

Good nutrition is the base of a healthy lifestyle! This free healthcare-related PowerPoint template is great if you’re working on a presentation to educate your audience about healthy eating habits. Its graphs and icons will also help you show data and facts about nutrition. And its mouth-watering images of food will help you showcase healthy recipes.

Organic Food Store PowerPoint Presentation

Just like the previous free healthcare PowerPoint template, this one is all about the food! Organic, non-processed food has become more and more important to keep the body natural defenses up, and this template is perfect for showing it. Its green color theme fits perfectly its design and showcases fresh and healthy food.

Playful Environmental Slides Deck Template

The environment plays a huge role in our everyday health. Contamination rates are becoming more and more alarming. At the end of the day, taking care of the environment is also taking care of ourselves, and that’s why we included this free PowerPoint template in our healthcare bundle. Use it to show your audience what they can do to help the environment and what healthy habits they can develop to become more environmental-friendly.

Workout Program PowerPoint Template

Staying active is a huge part of being healthy. If you’re someone on the fitness and wellbeing industry, you must know how much good a little exercise can do. Use this free PowerPoint template to plan workout routines, set fitness goals, or even just talk about the importance of exercise. Its slides will help you show different difficulty levels and different disciplines for an incredibly complete presentation.

Playful Yoga PowerPoint Template

Yoga has gained popularity in the last years and is now recognized as one of the most effective ways to stay healthy and in shape. You can use this PowerPoint template to highlight the benefits of yoga and how to start practicing it. These slides are great to show different disciplines of Yoga, and even different positions and exercises. Your audience will surely leave your presentation thinking about starting yoga classes the very next day!

Hand Hygiene PowerPoint Template

This presentation is one of our best free PowerPoint Templates for 2020. And it’s no wonder why! With the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the importance of hand hygiene is more relevant than ever. We use our hands all day long for all types of activities, so it’s no surprise that it’s one of the most common ways to transmit viruses. Use this free healthcare PowerPoint template to remind your team of your health protocols to protect each other.

Did any of these free healthcare PowerPoint templates catch your eye? If not, you can always look for more on our Templates by 24Slides platform. You’ll find presentions templates for pretty much any topic you could ever think of. And the best is that they all are completely free! Register and download all the templates you want in seconds.

If templates are just not working out for you, or you want a more customized presentation, the designers here at 24Slides will be happy to work with you. You can get amazing, tailor-made presentations that reflect perfectly your brand and your product in just 24 hours!

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List of 200+ Healthcare & Medical Presentation Topics

Published by admin on march 9, 2019.

This is a comprehensive list of more than 200 healthcare and Medical Presentation Topics is useful for Powerpoint PPT & Paper Presentations. These topics can be used for webinars, Seminars, conferences, oral presentations, speeches and classroom presentations

Students of MBBS, BAMS, BHMS, B Pharmacy, D Pharmacy, M Pharmacy, Bio-Technology and other medical and healthcare streams can get the benefit of this list of medical presentation topics.

Below is the list of Healthcare & Medical Topics for Presentation.

Abdominal Trauma

Abuse and Neglect

Adult Day Care

Ageing/Geriatrics

Air and community health

Airway Management and Ventilation

Allergies – Anaphylaxis

Alzheimer’s Disease

Ambulance Operations

Artificial respiration

Analysis of qualitative data

Analysis of quantitative data and approaching the families in Community

Attention Deficit Disorder

Aquatic Therapy

Assessment-Based Management

Autonomic nervous system & Peripheral nervous system

Behavioural sciences & their relevance to Community Health

Babysitting

Bacterial Vaginosis

Behavioural and Psychiatric Disorders

Biochemical characteristics of cancer

Biosimulation

Bio-statistics in Health

Bioterrorism – WMD

Birth Control for Moms

Blood Borne Pathogens

Breast Cancer

Breastfeeding & weaning & Baby-Friendly Hospitals Breastfeeding promotion

Cancer/Radiation Therapy

Cardiovascular system

Case-Control Studies

Cataract Surgery

Causation & association

Central nervous system

Childhood Obesity

Children’s Health

Cholesterol

Clinical forensic medicine

Clinical Decision Making

Cohort studies

Collection of data – sampling methods, the sample size

Collection of vital statistics in the community

Commonwealth Health Corporation

Commonwealth Health Foundation

Commonwealth Health Free Clinic

Communications

Community organization in rural and urban areas – community participation

Concepts in Community Health

Creatinine Blood Test

Crime Scene Awareness

Cross-Sectional Anatomy

Culture, habits, customs and community health

Customised treatments

Deep Vein Thrombosis Awareness

Demographic trends in India.

Designing interview schedules – KABP studies

DNA repair mechanisms and related disorders

DNA Replication,

DNA Sequencing for Routine Checkups

DNA Transcription

Documentation

Drive-Thru Clinics

Ears, Nose and Throat Disorders

EMS Systems Roles and Responsibilities

Endocrine System and Individual Endocrine Glands

Endocrinology

Endoscopic Ultrasound: New Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications

Environment and community health

Environmental toxicology

Environmental Conditions

Epidemiology as a tool for community health

Expanding Surgical Options for Lung Cancer Treatments

Eye banking & ethics in ophthalmology

Family and its role in health and disease

Family planning methods: permanent methods

Family planning methods: spacing methods

The fate of the antigen-antibody complex

Fertility & fertility-related statistics

Fitness/Exercise

Food habits, customs related to pregnancy, childbirth & lactation

Food Hygiene, Food Adulteration & Food poisoning

Forensic medicine & toxicology

Forensic psychiatry

Gastroenterology

Gastrointestinal System

Genetic Engineering: Recombinant DNA technology

Gynaecology

Hazardous Materials Incidents

Head – Facial Trauma

Health care of special groups: Adolescents & School Children

Health Education Tools & Audio-visual aids

Health hazards faced by agricultural workers

Health Planning in India

Health problem associated with urbanization & industrialization

Health seeking behaviour – barriers to health

The health situation in India

Healthcare Careers

Healthy Lifestyle

Heart Attacks in Women

Heart Disease

Heart Disease & Stroke Risk Factors

Haematology

Haemorrhage and Shock

Haemorrhoids

High Blood Pressure

High-risk strategy & risk factors in pregnancy & childbirth

Histology of various organs/organ systems

History of The Medical Center

History Taking

Home Health Care

Home Medical Equipment

Hospitals at home

Human sexuality; sex and marriage counselling

Hybrid Approach to Coronary Artery Disease

Hypothermia and its clinical applications

IEC & Health Education Strategies

Illness and Injury Prevention

Immunization for international travel

Indoor environment and health

Industrial toxic exposures

Infant & Child Mortality

Infant Care (Safety, CPR, Birth)

Infectious Diseases

Infectious – Communicable Diseases

Introduction to Maternal & Child Health

Jet-Set & Suture

Joint Replacement

Kidney Failure

LASIK (Eye Procedure)

Life tables and life table techniques for evaluation of family planning methods

Life Span Development

Manage Kids’ Diabetes

Massage Therapy

Measurement of Nutritional Status of Community

Introduction to Family Health Advisory Service

Measuring the burden of disease in the community

Measuring vital events in the community

Medical Equipment

Medical Ethics:

Medical Incident Command

Medical jurisprudence

Medical/Legal Issues

Medication Errors/Drug Interactions

Medico-social problems, beliefs and practices related to acute and chronic diseases

Memory enhancement

Men’s Health

Multiple Sclerosis

Musculoskeletal Trauma

Nanorobotics

National Family Welfare Programme – 2;

National Family Welfare Programme – I

National health programmes for the control of communicable/non-communicable diseases

National Population Policy

A natural history of disease and levels of prevention

Neonatology

Neuro Anatomy

Neuromuscular transmission

The normal distribution, Bi-nominal distribution & poison Distribution

Nuclear Medicine (PET Imaging and Radiation Safety)

Nutrition Programmes in India

Nutritional requirements & sources

Osteoporosis

Parenting an ADHD Child

Pathophysiology

Patient Assessment

Patients with Special Challenges

Paediatrics

Pharmacology

Physiological effects of yoga

Planning & Evaluation of Health Education Programmes

Pneumoconiosis

Preserving Fertility in Cancer Survivors

Prevention of occupational diseases & ESI

Principles of bioelectricity

Probabilities and conditional probabilities

Prostate Cancer: Should We Be Screening?

Protein-energy malnutrition, growth monitoring & promotion

Pulmonary Emergency

Reproductive and Child Health Programme

Rescue Awareness and Operations

Review of the Human Body

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Road Traffic Accidents

Senior Health

Sleep and Pulmonary Disorders

Sleep is the new sex

Socio-economic measurement status and its role in community health

Soft Tissue Trauma

Special Sensory Organs

Spinal Trauma

Spirituality & Health

Sports Injuries and Treatment

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Offers Option to High-Risk Surgery Patients

Stress Management

Stroke/Aneurysms

Survey methods and interview techniques in community Health

Techniques of Physical Examination

Testicular & Prostate Cancer

Tests of significance of statistical hypothesis

The next pandemic

The yogic practices

The Well-Being of the Paramedic

Therapeutic Communications

Thoracic Trauma

Trauma Systems and Mechanism of Injury

Vaccines for All Ages

Varicose Veins

Vascular Disease/Surgery

Venous Access and Medication Administration

Waste disposal

Water and community health

When to Call 911

Women’s Health

Work Injury Management

Working environment and community health

Worksite Wellness

Xenobiotics

Yoga in health and disease

Hope this list of healthcare and medical presentation topics will help you prepare stunning presentations for school, college and other power-point presentations.

For more presentation ideas check this article – 1000+ presentation topic ideas

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Article Contents

Introduction, acknowledgements, transparency declarations, supplementary data, antibiotic use by clinical presentation across all healthcare providers in rural burkina faso: a healthcare visit exit survey.

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• Supplementary Data

Daniel Valia, Brecht Ingelbeen, Guétawendé Job Wilfried Nassa, Bérenger Kaboré, François Kiemdé, Toussaint Rouamba, Adélaïde Compaoré, Juste Stéphane Kouanda, Annie Robert, Hector Rodriguez-Villalobos, Marianne A B Van Der Sande, Halidou Tinto, Antibiotic use by clinical presentation across all healthcare providers in rural Burkina Faso: a healthcare visit exit survey, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy , 2024;, dkae252, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkae252

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To guide antibiotic stewardship interventions, understanding for what indications antibiotics are used is essential.

In rural Burkina Faso, we measured antibiotic dispensing across all healthcare providers. From October 2021 to February 2022, we surveyed patients in Nanoro district, Burkina Faso, following visits to health centres (3), pharmacies (2), informal medicine vendors (5) and inpatients in health centres. We estimated prevalence of antibiotic use and the proportion of Watch group antibiotics by provider type and by clinical presentation, assessing compliance with WHO’s AWaRe Antibiotic Book. We estimated per capita antibiotic use by multiplying prevalence of antibiotic use, mean DDD per adult treatment course, and the rate of healthcare visits per 1000 inhabitants per day, estimated from a prior household survey.

Outpatient antibiotic use was more frequent after health centre visits (54.8%, of which 16.5% Watch, n  = 1249) than after visits to pharmacies (26.2%, 16.3% Watch, n  = 328) and informal medicine vendors (26.9%, 50.0% Watch, n  = 349). The frequency of antibiotic use was highest for bronchitis (79.9% antibiotic use, of which 12.6% Watch), malaria (31.9%, 23.1% Watch), gastroenteritis (76.0%, 31.7% Watch), rhinopharyngitis (40.4%, 8.3% Watch) and undifferentiated fever (77.0%, 44.8% Watch). Compliance with WHO AWaRe guidance could have averted at least 68.4% of all Watch antibiotic use in outpatients at health centres. Community-wide, 2.9 DDD (95% CI 1.9–3.9) were used per 1000 adult inhabitants per day.

Most Watch antibiotic use at community level or primary care deviated from WHO guidance. Antibiotic stewardship should focus on key clinical presentations and include primary care and self-medication.

In sub-Saharan Africa, increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens effective treatment with accessible antibiotics. Over the last 10 years, Enterobacterales isolates from patients have had high and increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins. 1–3 To combat AMR, optimizing antibiotic use is one of the five objectives in the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. 4 In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the presence of informal medicine stores (non-licensed), as well as over-the-counter dispensing, i.e. without prescription, in private community pharmacies, are facilitating self-medication with antibiotics. 5–8 To effectively guide and target interventions to optimize antibiotic use, it is essential to know where, to whom and for what antibiotics are used at community level. 9

In Burkina Faso, primary health centres should be patients’ first contact when seeking healthcare. Nevertheless, in a prior study, 27% of patients admitted to hospital had used antibiotics without a prior health centre visit. 10 In health centres, malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) are the only available tool to guide febrile illness diagnoses, resulting in frequent unnecessary antibiotic use when the test is negative. 11 Interventions to improve antibiotic use should target all community-level healthcare or medicine providers substantially contributing to community-wide antibiotic use. Knowledge of indications that trigger antibiotic use, antibiotic dose or treatment duration could guide antibiotic stewardship intervention options.

The objective of this study was to quantify antibiotic use by type of healthcare or medicine provider, including prevalence and quantity of antibiotic use, dose, duration, clinical presentations instigating antibiotic use, and providers’ compliance with the WHO Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) Antibiotic Book, 12 in a rural district of Burkina Faso.

In Burkina Faso, primary health centres (PHCs) are supposedly patients’ first point of contact with the healthcare system. Generally, nurses diagnose and prescribe treatment, yet in a so-called medical centre, a medical doctor is also present but most consultations are done by nurses. In PHCs (including medical centres), patients with severe cases can be observed for maximum of 2 days; more complicated cases should be referred to the district hospital, which has hospitalization wards, medical doctors and a laboratory. Each PHC and district hospital has a medicine store, where medicines should only be dispensed following prescription. Healthcare costs are paid out of patients’ pocket, without any reimbursement plan, except for under 5 year olds and pregnant women, for whom healthcare is free. 13 Of private community pharmacies (private pharmacies outside PHCs and district hospitals), the health district and the national pharmaceutical regulatory agency are responsible for inspecting the origin and quality of medicines and whether dispensing of certain medicines follows medical prescription. 14

This study was conducted in two health areas of the Nanoro health district, which include 30 PHCs (of which only 4 have medical doctors) and the district hospital. The two health areas, Nanoro and Nazoanga, are located in central-west Burkina Faso, about 90 km from Ouagadougou. Nanoro health area includes five villages with 17 300 inhabitants. Nazoanga health area includes three villages with 8800 inhabitants. Nanoro has the district hospital, a PHC (with a medical doctor), two private community pharmacies (one run by a pharmacist, although actual medicine dispensing is ensured in both pharmacies mainly by non-pharmacists), three informal medicine vendors (non-licensed vendors) and two traditional healers. Nazoanga has a PHC (without a medical doctor), two informal medicine vendors and one traditional healer.

In Nanoro health district, the most frequently reported diagnosis is malaria, 15 which in children is sometimes associated with community-acquired invasive bacterial coinfection, caused by non-Typhi Salmonella spp. in particular. 1 , 16 Malaria is endemic, with a high malaria transmission season from July to November. This period overlaps with the rainy season, which extends from June to October. The low malaria transmission season is from December to June.

Study design

We conducted a healthcare visit exit survey from October 2021 to February 2022. In a preceding qualitative study, all healthcare providers in both health areas were identified. The district hospital and PHCs with integrated medicine stores, private community pharmacies (integrated medicine stores and private community pharmacies are further referred to as formal pharmacies) and informal medicine vendors were included. Traditional healers were not included because a pilot study found they did not dispense antibiotics. 5 A consecutive sample of patients presenting with acute illness was taken by selecting the next patient exiting when the interview with the previous patient was completed. We planned to interview at least 50 patients who had received an antibiotic per type of healthcare provider to obtain 95% CI limits with a margin of error of 5%, assuming 15% of Watch antibiotic use. 17 In addition, all inpatients admitted to the paediatric and medicine wards of the Nanoro district hospital and patients under observation in Nazoanga and Nanoro PHCs were interviewed once. Using an electronic questionnaire, field workers approached patients or caretakers after buying medication to collect data on symptoms that had triggered healthcare seeking, type of healthcare provider visited, diagnoses if any received, type of medicines dispensed/bought (antibiotic or not), dose, route of administration, uptake frequency, treatment duration and whether dispensing followed a prescription during a healthcare consultation or not.

Data analysis

We analysed antibiotic use by type of healthcare provider, by clinical presentation, and by age group (0–4, 5–17, 18–49 and ≥50 years). If medicine dispensing from any medicine outlet—i.e. medicine stores of the Nanoro district hospital, the Nanoro or Nazoanga PHC or the two private pharmacies located in Nanoro—followed a formal healthcare consultation, we assigned it as health centre medication, or if otherwise, as self-medication in formal pharmacies. In health centre, all patients surveyed in observation (PHCs) and hospitalized (district hospital) were defined as inpatients. We assigned clinical presentations to presumed diagnoses reported by the healthcare provider, or—if none reported—to a combination of reported symptoms (Table  S1 , available as Supplementary data at JAC Online) following the symptoms reported for each disease in the WHO AWaRe antibiotic book. 12 In the case of a patient reporting only one symptom, the latter was reported as the clinical presentation. At health-centre level, a malaria infection was generally diagnosed based on positive mRDT, systematically used for any fever. For self-medicated patients, malaria was reported as a clinical presentation when assumed by the healthcare provider visited or the patient themself. In the case of a patient presenting with more than one clinical presentation, we prioritized reporting the one that would have led to an antibiotic prescription. Patients with chronic diseases such as high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma, epilepsy, mental illness and HIV, without any additional acute illness, were excluded from this analysis.

We analysed antibiotic use frequency, class, mode of administration, and AWaRe distribution, 18 and median treatment duration with 95% CI, by provider type, by age group and by clinical presentation. In outpatients, frequency of antibiotic use, as well as the percentage of Watch antibiotic use, was compared between types of provider using chi-squared tests; P values were reported and significance was set at 5%. Mean DDDs were calculated for adults only. Combining the DDD with the number of adult outpatient visits per 1000 inhabitants per day in a preceding household healthcare utilization survey conducted in the same study area 5 with the frequency of antibiotic use per adult visit and per type of provider, we generated the DDD used per 1000 adult inhabitants per day (DID). Reported prevalence, means and proportions were corrected for clustering by healthcare provider, in two strata (Nanoro, Nazoanga), except for informal medicine stores, for which neither store nor health area were recorded to ensure confidentiality. We classified antibiotic use as ‘necessary’ if used for a clinical presentation for which an antibiotic should be administered according to guidance in the WHO AWaRe antibiotic book. 12 For adult outpatients, we also classified antibiotic uptake regimens as optimal versus suboptimal. An uptake regimen was considered optimal if daily dosage and treatment duration for a clinical presentation for which this antibiotic was used were in line with the treatment guide in the WHO AWaRe antibiotic book. In the case of unnecessary use, we nevertheless classified uptake regimen as optimal regardless of the clinical presentation for which it was used, if daily dosage was between the lower and the higher dose recommended for such an antibiotic and duration was within the recommended duration range for mild to moderate cases in which it should be used as recommended in the WHO AWaRe antibiotic book. For all antibiotics for which treatment duration recommended for mild to moderate cases was limited to a maximum of 5 days for adults, we added a margin of 2 days, thus considering a duration up to 7 days as correct.

The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee for Health Research of Burkina Faso (ref no. 2020-8-171). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients aged at least 18 years. For patients aged between 14 and less than 18 years, oral assent was obtained in addition to parents or caretakers’ written informed consent. For patients under 14 years, written informed consent was obtained from parents or caretakers.

Characteristics of the study population

Out of 2196 patients interviewed, 2108 (96.0%) had an acute illness, 86 (3.9%) a chronic illness, and 2 (0.1%) attended for antenatal care or a delivery. Out of the 2108 acute illness cases in this study, 1431 (67.9%) attended health centres [182 (12.7%) inpatients, 1249 (87.3%) outpatients]; 328 (15.6%) self-medicated at formal pharmacies; and 349 (16.6%) self-medicated at informal medicine vendors (Table  1 ). Children aged 0–4 years were most frequently seen in health centres (94.5%, 622/658) rather than self-medicating (either in formal pharmacies or informal medicine vendors) (5.5%, 36/658). Adults aged 18–49 years most often self-medicated (56.4%, 473/839) rather than consulting in health centres (43.6%, 366/839). Patients who presented with fever most often consulted health centres (84.5%, 1027/1215) rather than self-medicated (15.5%, 188/1215).

Characteristics of patients who visited health centres, formal pharmacies and informal medicine vendors

Inpatient antibiotic use

Among 182 inpatients, 90.7% (95% CI 77.9%–96.4%, n  = 165) used antibiotics, of which 59.4% (95% CI 16.1%–91.8%, n  = 98) used more than one antibiotic. Among inpatients who used antibiotics, 64.2% (95% CI 8.13%–97.3%, n  = 106) used Watch antibiotics (Table  2 ). Malaria, bronchitis and gastroenteritis were the most frequent clinical presentations, together accounting for 62.6% (114/182) of inpatients, 61.2% (111/165) of antibiotic use, and 54.7% (58/106) of Watch antibiotic use.

Number of inpatients who used antibiotics and Watch antibiotics according to clinical presentation

Outpatient antibiotic use

Antibiotic use was more frequent after consultation in health centres (54.8%, 95% CI 32.3%–75.5%, n  = 685) than at formal pharmacies (26.2%, 95% CI 10.3%–52.4%, n  = 86, P  < 0.001) and informal medicine vendors (26.9%, n  = 94, P  < 0.001). Among these patients who used antibiotics, the percentage of those with Watch antibiotic use was higher at informal medicine vendors (50.0%, n  = 47) than in health centres (16.5%, 95% CI 10.6%–24.8%, n  = 113, P  < 0.001) or at formal pharmacies (16.3%, 95% CI 15.0%–17.8%, n  = 14, P  < 0.001) (Table  3 ).

Number of outpatients prescribed antibiotics and Watch antibiotics by type of healthcare provider according to clinical presentation

AWaRe distribution of all antibiotics used

Among all antibiotics used in inpatients, 60.3% (95% CI 32.2%–82.9%, n  = 176) were Access, 39.7% (95% CI 17.1%–67.8%, n  = 116) were Watch; and none Reserve (Figure  1 ). By clinical presentations, malaria, bronchitis, undifferentiated fever, gastroenteritis and wounds accounted together for 70.7% ( n  = 82) of all inpatient Watch antibiotics used. Ceftriaxone was the most used Watch antibiotic among inpatients.

Distribution of AWaRe groups among all antibiotics used per type of visit. This figure appears in colour in the online version of JAC and in black and white in the print version of JAC .

Among all antibiotics prescribed for outpatients at health centres, 85.2% (95% CI 80.9%–88.7%, n  = 675) were Access and 14.8% (95% CI 11.3%–19.1%, n  = 117) were Watch. Clinical presentations such as malaria, rhinopharyngitis, bronchitis, undifferentiated fever, gastroenteritis, pain, dermatosis and wounds for which antibiotics were not recommended (apart from dermatosis where Access group antibiotics were adequate) accounted together for 68.4% ( n  = 80) of all Watch antibiotics used, which could have been avoided. Ciprofloxacin was the most frequently dispensed Watch antibiotic in health centres (35.0%, n  = 41), followed by erythromycin (32.5%, n  = 38) and ceftriaxone (22.2%, n  = 26).

Among all antibiotics received after formal pharmacy visits, 84.6% ( n  = 77) were Access and 15.4% ( n  = 14) were Watch. Clinical presentations such as rhinopharyngitis, bronchitis, gastroenteritis, dermatosis and pain accounted for 64.3% ( n  = 9) of all Watch antibiotics used, which could have been avoided. Ciprofloxacin was the most frequently used Watch antibiotic by self-medication in formal pharmacies (71.4%, n  = 10) followed by erythromycin (28.6%, n  = 4).

Among all antibiotics used after informal medicine vendors’ visits, 52.5% ( n  = 53) were Access and 47.5% ( n  = 48) were Watch. Clinical presentations such as rhinopharyngitis, bronchitis, gastroenteritis, pain and wounds for which antibiotics were avoidable, accounted for 50.0% ( n  = 24) of all Watch antibiotics used. Oxytetracycline was the most used Watch antibiotic following informal medicine vendors’ visits (45.8%, n  = 22), followed by norfloxacin (27.1%, n  = 13), ciprofloxacin (25.0%, n  = 12) and erythromycin (2.1%, n  = 1).

Class of antibiotics

Third-generation cephalosporins were the most frequently used antibiotic class in inpatients (35.6% 95% CI 10.3%–72.8%, n  = 104) while penicillins were the most frequently used class by outpatients who consulted health centres (40.3% 95% CI 27.7%–53.3%, n  = 319) or self-medicated in formal pharmacies (49.5% 95% CI 16.6%–82.8%, n  = 45) or at informal medicine vendors (31.7%, n  = 32) (Figure  2 ).

Distribution of antibiotic classes among all antibiotics used, by clinical presentation and by type of visit. This figure appears in colour in the online version of JAC and in black and white in the print version of JAC .

Antibiotic route of administration, duration and dosage

Injectable antibiotics accounted for 68.2% (95% CI 8.2%–98.1%, n  = 199) of antibiotics used by inpatients and 6.9% (95% CI 2.7%–16.5%, n  = 54) of antibiotics used by outpatients who visited health centres. None of the antibiotics used by self-medicated was injectable.

The median duration of treatment was 5 days (IQR 4–7) among health centre outpatients, 5 days (IQR 5–7) in formal pharmacies and 3 days (IQR 2–3) at informal medicine vendors.

In adult outpatients, 60.7% (95% CI 28.7%–85.5%, n / N  = 74/122) of antibiotics prescribed in health centres and 69.1% ( n / N  = 67/97) of antibiotics used by self-medicators, including 59.1% (95% CI 0.2%–99.9%) in formal pharmacies and 90.3% ( n / N = 28/31) in informal medicine vendors were taken suboptimally.

The mean DDD per antibiotic treatment course among adult outpatients was higher in health centres (5.9 DDD, 95% CI 3.9–8.0) and formal pharmacies (4.7 DDD, 95% CI 2.6–6.8) than at informal medicine vendors (1.8 DDD).

Community-wide antibiotic use

The rate of healthcare utilization was 1.46 visits per 1000 inhabitants per day (655 healthcare visits among 4984 adult household members in the past 3 months/90 days): 0.97 to health centres ( n  = 434), 0.36 to informal medicine vendors ( n  = 162) and 0.13 to private community pharmacies ( n  = 59).

The community-wide rate of antibiotic use was 2.9 DID (95% CI 1.9–3.9 DID), consisting of 2.6 DID (95% CI 1.7–3.5 DID) from health centres, 0.14 (95% CI 0.08–0.2 DID) from community pharmacies and 0.15 DID from informal medicine vendors. This gap is explained by differences in healthcare utilization, as well as the prevalence of antibiotic use per type of provider visited.

Main findings and comparison with other LMICs

Community-wide antibiotic use in rural Burkina Faso in 2021–22 (2.9 DID) was lower than the median estimate of lower middle-income countries in 2015 (10.8 DID), yet comparable to estimates from Democratic Republic of Congo in 2019–20 (1.75 to 10.2 DID in rural and periurban populations, respectively). 6 , 19 The 54.8% prevalence of antibiotic use during health-centre visits was within the prediction interval of 44%–60% antibiotic use during primary care-centre visits in a systematic review in 27 LMICs. 17 The percentage of outpatients with Watch antibiotic use after health-centre visits (16.5%) was lower than that observed in most studies globally (range 7.5%–90.3%) yet comparable to that in other west or central African settings (range 10.0%–23.6%). 6 , 17 Nevertheless, nearly 70% of Watch antibiotic use in PHCs could have been avoided treatment guidance in the 2022 WHO AWaRe Antibiotic Book had been adhered to.

Antibiotic-dispensing mechanisms and informed antimicrobial stewardship in health centres

The high proportion of inpatients dispensed (Watch) antibiotics may be related to prescription being guided by perceived disease severity, as in other LMICs. 20 Likewise, the high proportion of outpatients diagnosed with conditions very unlikely to be of bacterial origin such as rhinopharyngitis, bronchitis, gastroenteritis (watery diarrhoea), who were nevertheless prescribed (Watch) antibiotics when attending health centres, confirms that there also, antibiotics are not only prescribed when recommended, as observed in other LMICs. 21–23 Similarly, inadequate use of antibiotic classes, such as imidazoles and sulphonamide/trimethoprim combinations for pneumonia were observed. In the same way, the single-dose administration of injectable ceftriaxone in some outpatients with mild to moderate clinical presentations without an antibiotic indication, as well as a high proportion of antibiotics dispensed suboptimally, are worrisome. These practices by healthcare workers could be related to limited diagnostic resources in health centres, inducing concerns of missing a potential bacterial coinfection, which resulted in an (over)prescription of wide-spectrum antibiotics. Lack of knowledge on the rational choice and use of antibiotics according to patients’ clinical presentations and the implications of incorrect use could have further perpetuated or exacerbated such practices. Interventions to improve quality of care and reduce AMR in health centres should be multifaceted, combining different strategies including dedicated education and awareness on AMR for healthcare workers, improved diagnostic tools to differentiate bacterial from non-bacterial infections, patient management algorithms that take into account age, based on the latest WHO recommendations for antibiotic prescription. 12 , 24–28

Informed antimicrobial stewardship targeting over-the-counter dispensing

Although most antibiotics used in the community came from health centres and a large quantity were inappropriate, implying a need for more intensified interventions there, a significant amount were also dispensed over-the-counter, suggesting more involvement of the national pharmaceutical regulatory agency is needed in combating AMR. At district level, this involvement could be more responsibilities allocated to the district management team (well trained on AMR), allowing them to include all private pharmacies in the district areas into their regular monitoring programme with PHCs, instead of spot inspections, as currently allowed. 14 Watch antibiotics should be included in the list of medicines to be dispensed following medical prescription only and should be one of the key components of this monitoring. This could also be an opportunity for ongoing AMR awareness activities for pharmacy workers. 29 At national level, more commitment could help limit uncontrolled access to medicines of potentially poor quality, hence reducing the availability of over-the-counter antibiotics at informal medicine vendors. For this group, AMR awareness programmes should stress the harm of the misuse of Watch antibiotics (wrong indications and suboptimal regimen) for their entire community and urge them not to sell these medicines.

Informed community-targeted antimicrobial stewardship

At community level, health literacy, including awareness of risk behaviours leading to emergence and spread of resistant microorganisms in the community, could significantly reduce self-medication with antibiotics. 30 Such activities should be combined with interventions facilitating and promoting access to healthcare facilities, e.g. through universal health insurance and patient-centred care including reducing patients’ waiting time. 31–34

Conclusions

Interventions to optimize antibiotic dispensing should be provider-type tailored: at formal pharmacies, strengthening regulation on antibiotic sales, associated with regular AMR awareness activities and monitoring, should mitigate over-the-counter dispensing of Watch antibiotics; at informal medicine vendors, AMR awareness programmes should help self-restriction of Watch antibiotic sales; and in health centres, while access should be promoted and facilitated, interventions should include healthcare professionals’ education and awareness on AMR, which is a key component for the success of a multiplex intervention including improving diagnostic tools and using appropriate algorithms to reduce (over)prescription.

The findings of this study were the subject of a poster presentation (P2720) at the ESCMID Global congress held in Barcelona on 27–30 April 2024.

We acknowledge all healthcare providers and all study participants for their willingness to participate in this study. We are also thankful to all the staff of the Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro for being part of the success of this study.

The study was funded by the European Joint Programme Initiative on AMR (grant JPIAMR2021-053), the Belgian Development Cooperation through ITM-CRUN Framework Agreement 5, and the InBev-Baillet-Latour Fund. The Conseil de l’Action Internationale de l’Université Catholique de Louvain partially funded D.V. through a PhD scholarship.

The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. All authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Table  S1 is available as Supplementary data at JAC Online.

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• Causes and Spread
• Clinical Overview

Clinical Overview of Oropouche Virus Disease

• Oropouche virus is spread to people primarily by the bite of infected biting midges. Some mosquitoes can also spread the virus.
• Oropouche virus has been reported in parts of South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. In June 2024, Cuba reported its first confirmed Oropouche case.
• Oropouche virus disease typically presents as an abrupt onset of fever, severe headache, chills, myalgia, and arthralgia.
• Clinical presentation is commonly mistaken for other arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, and malaria.
• There are no vaccines to prevent or medicines to treat Oropouche.
• Prevention relies on personal protective measures to avoid bites.

Epidemiology

Oropouche virus belongs to the Simbu serogroup of the viral genus Orthobunyavirus in the Peribunyaviridae family. The virus was first detected in 1955 in a febrile forest worker in a village in Trinidad and Tobago called Vega de Oropouche, near the Oropouche River. Oropouche virus is endemic to the Amazon basin.

Prior to 2000, outbreaks of Oropouche virus were reported in Brazil, Panama, and Peru. Evidence of animals being infected was also noted in Colombia and Trinidad during this time. In the last 25 years, cases of Oropouche have been identified in many countries in the Amazon region, including Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Panama, and Peru. One child was found to be infected in Haiti in 2014.

In late 2023, Oropouche virus was identified as causing large outbreaks in endemic areas and new areas in South America. In June 2024, Cuba reported its first confirmed Oropouche case. Currently, there is no evidence of local transmission in the United States.

Clinical features

The incubation period for Oropouche virus disease is 3–10 days. Typically, disease starts with the abrupt onset of fever (38-40°C) with headache (often severe), chills, myalgia, and arthralgia.

Other signs and symptoms include photophobia, dizziness, retroorbital or eye pain, nausea and vomiting, or maculopapular rash that starts on the trunk and goes to the extremities. Less common symptoms can include conjunctival injection, diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, and hemorrhagic symptoms (e.g., epistaxis, gingival bleeding, melena, menorrhagia, and petechiae).

Symptoms typically last less than a week (2–7 days). However, in up to 60% of patients, symptoms can reoccur a few days or even weeks later. Similar symptoms are reported on relapse.

The symptoms of Oropouche virus disease can be similar to symptoms of dengue, chikungunya, or Zika viruses, or malaria.

Abnormal laboratory findings

Abnormal laboratory findings have been documented in some patients with Oropouche virus disease including lymphopenia and leukopenia, elevated CRP (C-reactive protein), and mildly elevated liver enzymes. Thrombocytopenia also has been reported in a few cases.

Neuroinvasive disease

Oropouche virus can cause neuroinvasive disease (e.g., meningitis and encephalitis). It is estimated that up to 4% of patients will develop neurologic symptoms after their initial febrile illness. Symptoms reported for patients with neuroinvasive disease include intense occipital pain, dizziness, confusion, lethargy, photophobia, nausea, vomiting, nuchal rigidity, and nystagmus. Laboratory abnormalities noted in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for patients with neuroinvasive disease include pleocytosis and elevated protein.

Persistence of weakness and malaise has been noted in some patients for up to one month following symptom onset. Patients might require hospitalization for more severe signs and symptoms. Patients typically recover without long-term sequalae, including in severe cases. There have been very few deaths reported among people infected with Oropouche virus.

Vertical transmission

Causality of Oropouche virus disease and negative pregnancy outcomes has not been established. Viruses in the Simbu serogroup (e.g., Akabane virus) have been associated with fetal losses and deformities in cattle and sheep.

On July 17, 2024, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) issued an epidemiological alert about possible cases of pregnant mother-to-child transmission of Oropouche virus with adverse pregnancy outcomes in Brazil. These cases are under investigation. CDC is working with PAHO and other international partners to learn more about the potential risks of Oropouche during pregnancy.

Preliminary diagnosis of Oropouche virus disease is based on the patient's clinical symptoms, location where infection likely occurred (including places and dates of travel), and activities leading to risk of possible exposure.

Evidence of the virus can be detected in serum samples during the first week of infection. The virus is readily cultured during the first few days of the infection and is usually not detected beyond day 5. However, viral RNA can be detected for several more days after the virus is no longer present. Toward the end of the first week of illness, IgM antibodies form, followed by IgG antibodies.

In patients with neuroinvasive disease, viral RNA can be detected but is often not present in CSF. Therefore, serologic testing is the preferred method to look for evidence of infection in the CSF. Viral RNA has been detected in saliva and urine of a patient 5 days into the illness. However, testing of these sample types is not currently validated or available in the United States.

Currently, CDC can perform plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) to detect virus-specific neutralizing antibodies in serum and CSF. To confirm a recent infection using serologic testing, both acute and convalescent samples are needed to document a 4-fold or greater change in antibody titers.

How to request testing

Contact your state or local health department if you have a patient with an acute illness and epidemiologic risk factors that might be compatible with Oropouche virus disease. They can assist you with determining if samples should be sent to the CDC Arbovirus Diagnostic Laboratory for further testing. Specimens should be submitted to CDC through state health departments. All results will be sent from CDC to the appropriate state health department.

There are no medicines to treat Oropouche virus disease. Supportive care is recommended for clinical management of patients. Treatment for symptoms can include rest, fluids, and use of analgesics and antipyretics. Patients who develop more severe symptoms should be hospitalized for close observation and supportive treatment.

All patients with clinically suspected dengue should receive appropriate management without waiting for diagnostic test results. Patients should be advised to avoid aspirin containing drugs or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs until dengue can be ruled out to reduce the risk of bleeding.

The best way people can protect themselves from Oropouche is to prevent bites from biting midges and mosquitoes. There are no vaccines to prevent Oropouche virus disease. Additionally, there are no efficient, or economically or ecologically feasible, vector control measures for the primary vector, Culicoides paranesis .

Oropouche virus is spread primarily by midges. Learn about areas at risk, the illness it causes, and ways to prevent becoming infected.

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• Case Report
• Published: 27 July 2024

Nutritional ultrasound: above body mass index, two cases presentation

• Santiago Gómez-Jordan   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-8389-2088 1 ,
• Juan Camilo Castellanos-de la Hoz 2 ,
• Sandra Saumett 2 ,
• Alejandra Molano 2 &
• Eduardo Zúñiga-Rodríguez 2  

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ( 2024 ) Cite this article

Metrics details

• Malnutrition
• Whole body imaging

Malnutrition is a prevalent condition in chronic diseases, significantly impacting morbidity and mortality. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is increasingly utilized in clinical practice as a rapid and accessible tool for evaluating muscle mass. Here, we present two cases of females with chronic diseases who presented with acute exacerbations of their conditions accompanied by fluid overload. Suspected of experiencing nutritional alterations, they underwent ultrasound evaluation to confirm muscle mass loss. These cases highlight the potential of ultrasound in guiding effective muscle mass assessment, particularly in pathologies prone to fluid overload, such as chronic kidney disease and heart failure.

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Thigh muscle mass evaluated by point-of-care ultrasound is associated with short-term mortality in patients with sepsis in the emergency department

Mapping peripheral and abdominal sarcopenia acquired in the acute phase of COVID-19 during 7 days of mechanical ventilation

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Data availability.

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Santiago Gómez-Jordan

Department of Nephrology. Fundación Cardio Infantil - Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia

Juan Camilo Castellanos-de la Hoz, Sandra Saumett, Alejandra Molano & Eduardo Zúñiga-Rodríguez

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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Data collection and analysis were performed by S.G.J., S.S. and, J.C. The first draft of the manuscript was written by S.G.J. and S.S. Review and editing was made by E. Z., J.C., A.M. and, S.G.J. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Santiago Gómez-Jordan .

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Gómez-Jordan, S., Castellanos-de la Hoz, J.C., Saumett, S. et al. Nutritional ultrasound: above body mass index, two cases presentation. Eur J Clin Nutr (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-024-01459-z

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Plague: Clinics, Diagnosis and Treatment

Affiliations.

• 1 Institute of Advanced Training, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia. [email protected].
• 2 National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 102206, China.
• 3 Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
• 4 State Research Center for Applied Microbiology, Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia.
• PMID: 27722868
• DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-0890-4_11

Plague still poses a significant threat to human health and as a reemerging infection is unfamiliar to the majority of the modern medical doctors. In this chapter, the plague is described according to Dr. Nikiforov's experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of patients, and also a review of the relevant literature on this subject is provided. The main modern methods and criteria for laboratory diagnosis of plague are briefly described. The clinical presentations include the bubonic and pneumonic form, septicemia, rarely pharyngitis, and meningitis. Early diagnosis and the prompt initiation of treatment reduce the mortality rate associated with bubonic plague and septicemic plague to 5-50 %; although a delay of more than 24 h in the administration of antibiotics and antishock treatment can be fatal for plague patients. Most human cases can successfully be treated with antibiotics.

Keywords: Bubonic plague; Plague symptoms; Plague treatment; Pneumonic plague; Septicemic plague.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder

What is asd.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder that affects how people interact with others, communicate, learn, and behave. Although autism can be diagnosed at any age, it is described as a “developmental disorder” because symptoms generally appear in the first 2 years of life.

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) , a guide created by the American Psychiatric Association that health care providers use to diagnose mental disorders, people with ASD often have:

• Difficulty with communication and interaction with other people
• Restricted interests and repetitive behaviors
• Symptoms that affect their ability to function in school, work, and other areas of life

Autism is known as a “spectrum” disorder because there is wide variation in the type and severity of symptoms people experience.

People of all genders, races, ethnicities, and economic backgrounds can be diagnosed with ASD. Although ASD can be a lifelong disorder, treatments and services can improve a person’s symptoms and daily functioning. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all children receive screening for autism. Caregivers should talk to their child’s health care provider about ASD screening or evaluation.

What are the signs and symptoms of ASD?

The list below gives some examples of common types of behaviors in people diagnosed with ASD. Not all people with ASD will have all behaviors, but most will have several of the behaviors listed below.

Social communication / interaction behaviors may include:

• Making little or inconsistent eye contact
• Appearing not to look at or listen to people who are talking
• Infrequently sharing interest, emotion, or enjoyment of objects or activities (including infrequent pointing at or showing things to others)
• Not responding or being slow to respond to one’s name or to other verbal bids for attention
• Having difficulties with the back and forth of conversation
• Often talking at length about a favorite subject without noticing that others are not interested or without giving others a chance to respond
• Displaying facial expressions, movements, and gestures that do not match what is being said
• Having an unusual tone of voice that may sound sing-song or flat and robot-like
• Having trouble understanding another person’s point of view or being unable to predict or understand other people’s actions
• Difficulties adjusting behaviors to social situations
• Difficulties sharing in imaginative play or in making friends

Restrictive / repetitive behaviors may include:

• Repeating certain behaviors or having unusual behaviors, such as repeating words or phrases (a behavior called echolalia)
• Having a lasting intense interest in specific topics, such as numbers, details, or facts
• Showing overly focused interests, such as with moving objects or parts of objects
• Becoming upset by slight changes in a routine and having difficulty with transitions
• Being more sensitive or less sensitive than other people to sensory input, such as light, sound, clothing, or temperature

People with ASD may also experience sleep problems and irritability.

People on the autism spectrum also may have many strengths, including:

• Being able to learn things in detail and remember information for long periods of time
• Being strong visual and auditory learners
• Excelling in math, science, music, or art

What are the causes and risk factors for ASD?

Researchers don’t know the primary causes of ASD, but studies suggest that a person’s genes can act together with aspects of their environment to affect development in ways that lead to ASD. Some factors that are associated with an increased likelihood of developing ASD include:

• Having a sibling with ASD
• Having older parents
• Having certain genetic conditions (such as Down syndrome or Fragile X syndrome)
• Having a very low birth weight

How is ASD diagnosed?

Health care providers diagnose ASD by evaluating a person’s behavior and development. ASD can usually be reliably diagnosed by age 2. It is important to seek an evaluation as soon as possible. The earlier ASD is diagnosed, the sooner treatments and services can begin.

Diagnosis in young children

Diagnosis in young children is often a two-stage process.

Stage 1: General developmental screening during well-child checkups

Every child should receive well-child check-ups with a pediatrician or an early childhood health care provider. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all children receive screening for developmental delays at their 9-, 18-, and 24- or 30-month well-child visits, with specific autism screenings at their 18- and 24-month well-child visits. A child may receive additional screening if they have a higher likelihood of ASD or developmental problems. Children with a higher likelihood of ASD include those who have a family member with ASD, show some behaviors that are typical of ASD, have older parents, have certain genetic conditions, or who had a very low birth weight.

Considering caregivers’ experiences and concerns is an important part of the screening process for young children. The health care provider may ask questions about the child’s behaviors and evaluate those answers in combination with information from ASD screening tools and clinical observations of the child. Read more about screening instruments   on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.

If a child shows developmental differences in behavior or functioning during this screening process, the health care provider may refer the child for additional evaluation.

Stage 2: Additional diagnostic evaluation

It is important to accurately detect and diagnose children with ASD as early as possible, as this will shed light on their unique strengths and challenges. Early detection also can help caregivers determine which services, educational programs, and behavioral therapies are most likely to be helpful for their child.

A team of health care providers who have experience diagnosing ASD will conduct the diagnostic evaluation. This team may include child neurologists, developmental pediatricians, speech-language pathologists, child psychologists and psychiatrists, educational specialists, and occupational therapists.

The diagnostic evaluation is likely to include:

• Medical and neurological examinations
• Assessment of the child’s cognitive abilities
• Assessment of the child’s language abilities
• Observation of the child’s behavior
• An in-depth conversation with the child’s caregivers about the child’s behavior and development
• Assessment of age-appropriate skills needed to complete daily activities independently, such as eating, dressing, and toileting

Because ASD is a complex disorder that sometimes occurs with other illnesses or learning disorders, the comprehensive evaluation may include:

• Blood tests
• Hearing test

The evaluation may lead to a formal diagnosis and recommendations for treatment.

Diagnosis in older children and adolescents

Caregivers and teachers are often the first to recognize ASD symptoms in older children and adolescents who attend school. The school’s special education team may perform an initial evaluation and then recommend that a child undergo additional evaluation with their primary health care provider or a health care provider who specialize in ASD.

A child’s caregivers may talk with these health care providers about their child’s social difficulties, including problems with subtle communication. For example, some children may have problems understanding tone of voice, facial expressions, or body language. Older children and adolescents may have trouble understanding figures of speech, humor, or sarcasm. They also may have trouble forming friendships with peers.

Diagnosis in adults

Diagnosing ASD in adults is often more difficult than diagnosing ASD in children. In adults, some ASD symptoms can overlap with symptoms of other mental health disorders, such as anxiety disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Adults who notice signs of ASD should talk with a health care provider and ask for a referral for an ASD evaluation. Although evaluation for ASD in adults is still being refined, adults may be referred to a neuropsychologist, psychologist, or psychiatrist who has experience with ASD. The expert will ask about:

• Social interaction and communication challenges
• Sensory issues
• Repetitive behaviors
• Restricted interests

The evaluation also may include a conversation with caregivers or other family members to learn about the person’s early developmental history, which can help ensure an accurate diagnosis.

Receiving a correct diagnosis of ASD as an adult can help a person understand past challenges, identify personal strengths, and find the right kind of help. Studies are underway to determine the types of services and supports that are most helpful for improving the functioning and community integration of autistic transition-age youth and adults.

What treatment options are available for ASD?

Treatment for ASD should begin as soon as possible after diagnosis. Early treatment for ASD is important as proper care and services can reduce individuals’ difficulties while helping them build on their strengths and learn new skills.

People with ASD may face a wide range of issues, which means that there is no single best treatment for ASD. Working closely with a health care provider is an important part of finding the right combination of treatment and services.

A health care provider may prescribe medication to treat specific symptoms. With medication, a person with ASD may have fewer problems with:

• Irritability
• Repetitive behavior
• Hyperactivity
• Attention problems
• Anxiety and depression

Read more about the latest medication warnings, patient medication guides, and information on newly approved medications at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website  .

Behavioral, psychological, and educational interventions

People with ASD may be referred to a health care provider who specializes in providing behavioral, psychological, educational, or skill-building interventions. These programs are often highly structured and intensive, and they may involve caregivers, siblings, and other family members. These programs may help people with ASD:

• Learn social, communication, and language skills
• Reduce behaviors that interfere with daily functioning
• Increase or build upon strengths
• Learn life skills for living independently

Other resources

Many services, programs, and other resources are available to help people with ASD. Here are some tips for finding these additional services:

• Contact your health care provider, local health department, school, or autism advocacy group to learn about special programs or local resources.
• Find an autism support group. Sharing information and experiences can help people with ASD and their caregivers learn about treatment options and ASD-related programs.
• Record conversations and meetings with health care providers and teachers. This information may help when it’s time to decide which programs and services are appropriate.
• Keep copies of health care reports and evaluations. This information may help people with ASD qualify for special programs.

How can I find a clinical trial for ASD?

Clinical trials are research studies that look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. The goal of clinical trials is to determine if a new test or treatment works and is safe. Although individuals may benefit from being part of a clinical trial, participants should be aware that the primary purpose of a clinical trial is to gain new scientific knowledge so that others may be better helped in the future.

Researchers at NIMH and around the country conduct many studies with patients and healthy volunteers. We have new and better treatment options today because of what clinical trials uncovered years ago. Be part of tomorrow’s medical breakthroughs. Talk to your health care provider about clinical trials, their benefits and risks, and whether one is right for you.

To learn more or find a study, visit:

• NIMH’s Clinical Trials webpage : Information about participating in clinical trials
• Clinicaltrials.gov: Current Studies on ASD  : List of clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) being conducted across the country

Where can I learn more about ASD?

Free brochures and shareable resources.

• Autism Spectrum Disorder : This brochure provides information about the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of ASD. Also available  en español .
• Digital Shareables on Autism Spectrum Disorder : Help support ASD awareness and education in your community. Use these digital resources, including graphics and messages, to spread the word about ASD.

Federal resources

• Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development  
• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke  
• National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders  
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention   (CDC)
• Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee  
• MedlinePlus   (also available en español  )

Research and statistics

• Science News About Autism Spectrum Disorder : This NIMH webpage provides press releases and announcements about ASD.
• Research Program on Autism Spectrum Disorders : This NIMH program supports research focused on the characterization, pathophysiology, treatment, and outcomes of ASD and related disorders.
• Statistics: Autism Spectrum Disorder : This NIMH webpage provides information on the prevalence of ASD in the U.S.
• Data & Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder   : This CDC webpage provides data, statistics, and tools about prevalence and demographic characteristics of ASD.
• Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network   : This CDC-funded program collects data to better understand the population of children with ASD.
• Biomarkers Consortium - The Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials (ABC-CT)   : This Foundation for the National Institutes of Health project seeks to establish biomarkers to improve treatments for children with ASD.

Last Reviewed:  February 2024

Unless otherwise specified, the information on our website and in our publications is in the public domain and may be reused or copied without permission. However, you may not reuse or copy images. Please cite the National Institute of Mental Health as the source. Read our copyright policy to learn more about our guidelines for reusing NIMH content.

Lecture: Addressing Social Determinants of Health in Clinical Care

This Preventive Medicine Grand Rounds session is scheduled for: Wednesday, July 6, 2022, 1:30 – 3:00 p.m. ET

Public Health Grand Rounds (PHGR) will continue to promote Preventive Medicine Grand Rounds (PMGR) while our monthly PHGR sessions are on hold. We welcome your questions. Please email us at [email protected]

In this presentation, Dr. Didi Ebert will explain that social determinants of health (SDOH) are conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health risks and outcomes. Attendees will learn how SDOH present in clinical care settings and the role they play in driving health outcomes and health disparities. Dr. Ebert will describe strategies to address SDOH, including those to align primary care with public health through clinical services and education in the healthcare profession. Multiple policies now influence healthcare organizations to address SDOH in clinical care. By leveraging these policies, clinicians and healthcare organizations can supplement individualized disease state interventions with social services interventions that impact population-level outcomes beyond individual factors.

Didi Ebert, DO, MPH, MS, FAAFP Associate Professor of Family Medicine University of North Texas Health Science Center, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine

• Wednesday, July 6, 2022, 1:30 – 3:00 p.m. ET
• Remote participation only : Passcode (if prompted): PMGR_0706

These Grand Rounds presentations are provided as a courtesy of CDC’s Preventive Medicine Residency and Fellowship (PMR/F) program with the goal of sharing systems-based approaches and leadership practices to address population health issues and public health emergencies.

Continuing education (CE) is available and there is no cost for this activity. For more details, go to  https://www.cdc.gov/prevmed/pmgr/upcoming-lectures.html .

For More Information Please contact the PMR/F program at  [email protected]  or visit the  Preventive Medicine Grand Rounds web page.

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Empowering emergency nurses throughout the patient journey.

By Kathryn Spears, Critical Care Clinical Stream Manager, South Western Sydney Local Health District

30 Jul 2024 Reading time approximately

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The Emergency Care Assessment and Treatment program is going live across NSW emergency departments, transforming care for patients and emergency nurses.

On 7 December 2017, a call to arms was issued for clinical nurse consultants and nursing leaders in NSW emergency departments (EDs) to be involved in a project to standardise nurse-initiated care across NSW. The phrase ‘It won’t be a huge amount of work’ sits with me now.

Six subcommittees were established to focus on different aspects of the program, involving more than 180 members from across the state. I joined the Clinical Subcommittee and was involved in reviewing the initial drafts of the protocols and providing clinical expertise.

Almost seven years, a worldwide pandemic and a few grey hairs later, we now have 73 statewide protocols under the Emergency Care Assessment and Treatment (ECAT) program being rolled out across all EDs in NSW.

Standardising care

Nurse-initiated care protocols are not new to EDs; however, they varied across the state prior to ECAT. Those we used in South Western Sydney Local Health District (SWSLHD) had evolved over the past 20 years. Our protocols were generally used by nurses with at least 3-4 years of experience and training in the ED, although all of our ED nurses could use them in theory. This worked well for conditions like a laceration or fracture, but not as well in common emergency presentations such as abdominal or chest pain, for a variety of reasons.

The new ECAT protocols leverage existing models of care across rural and metropolitan EDs, and the latest evidence-based practice in emergency care. They are available online, making them accessible anywhere, anytime, via the Agency for Clinical Innovation (ACI) ECAT website .

Supported by a policy directive, a robust education pathway and governance, ECAT provides a standardised approach to nurse-initiated care for the most common presentations by children and adults in our EDs.

A unified approach

The initial statewide conversations when developing ECAT were tough, as well-established processes were challenged and we were focused on our differences – rural versus metropolitan; big vs small. However, once we pivoted to focus on our patients and staff, we started to make real collaborative progress.

ECAT is providing whole-of-system reform for EDs. It has been led by emergency nurses, with a focus on developing and enhancing their capability to support the patient’s journey. I don’t know of a project that has achieved the same breadth of consultation and engagement, from colleges, supporting service providers and associated clinical experts.

Where we identified a barrier, we overcame it through the strength of our combined clinical experience, advocacy for our emergency nursing profession, and the support of our advocates from the ACI, the College of Emergency Nursing, Australasian College for Emergency Medicine, Clinical Excellence Commission, Health Educational and Training Institute and the Nursing and Midwifery Office, Ministry of Health.

Who else but emergency nurses could have legislation changed to improve access to care for our patients?

Realising the benefits

SWSLHD was the first to go live as a whole district with ECAT on 21 May, with onsite support provided by the ACI team, along with our in-house digital health, clinical support and nursing informatic teams, working with more than 50 champions and site leads.

My role as ECAT lead has been to work collaboratively across the district and state. I enabled and supported my facility and LHD leads to drive education and implementation and worked with the supporting services to deliver the project. I advocated for SWSLHD staff and patients with the project team, and worked with other district leads to achieve this shared vision. We used novel education methods, engaged through our digital platforms, collaborated, compromised, lost sleep, but most importantly we watched our clinical leaders grow and develop to enable this project to succeed.

Since then, more than 24,000 protocols have been commenced for our patients, and more than 10,000 medications or fluids initiated under ECAT protocols. Our less experienced and developing ED nurses are supported to deliver independent nurse-initiated care within a structured protocol; and our more experienced nurses can access and deliver medications based on their capability to meet the patient’s need.

We are still realising the benefits of the ECAT program in SWSLHD. But what we do know is that we have just begun a major change in our system that will build nurses’ capability and confidence to deliver high quality, standardised patient care.

We will continue to:

• evolve our processes and maintain staff engagement with the protocols
• learn from our data to refine our approach, e.g. to workflows
• work with our statewide colleagues and the ACI to understand our data, refine processes and iron out the creases
• evolve our education to incorporate ECAT.

Our workforce is adaptable and open to change, despite the pressures of our overwhelmed EDs. ECAT means emergency nurses are beginning to treat patients more quickly and reducing wait times, which is making a real difference to our patients’ journey and their outcome.

About Kathryn Spears

Kathryn is passionate about staff development, patient safety and high quality nursing care. She has been an Emergency Clinical Nurse Educator and Clinical Nurse Consultant for more than 10 years. She holds a Graduate Certificate in Emergency Nursing and a Masters  in Clinical Leadership.

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