disaster management short essay

Talk to our experts

1800-120-456-456

Disaster Management Essay

Essay on Disaster Management

Disaster Management is the arrangement and management of the resources following a disaster, be it natural or man-made. There are so many organizations who are dealing with various types of disastrous situations from the humanitarian aspect. Some disasters are just the consequences of human hazards and some are caused by natural calamity. However, we can prevent them by taking the necessary emergency measures to save and preserve lives. As natural disasters cannot be predicted, they can take place anywhere at any time.

Vedantu has provided an essay on Disaster management on this page. Students who have received an assignment to write an essay on Disaster Management or preparing an essay for examination can refer to this page to understand the pattern. Any student or parent can directly visit Vedantu site or download the app on the phone to get access to the study materials.

Disaster Management’ is the simple term of management which embraces loads of disaster-related activities. Disaster occurs frequently in some parts of the world. Japan is the best example of it. Japanese people are annoyed on Tsunamis and earthquakes. The local scene is not much different from the global one. No one could forget the cyclone in Orissa, Earthquake in Gujarat or even the Mumbai Terrorist Attack.

Natural and man-made are the two categories of the disaster. Natural disasters are those which occurred due to sudden changes in the environment or topography causing uncountable human as well as economic loss. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods and cloudbursts are few of the natural disasters. Manual intentional made disasters are man-made disasters. For example, Gas leakage, terrorist attacks, fire, oil spills. Man-made disasters are the result of human intentions or might be because of workmanship or technical errors. The count of man-made and natural disasters is rising rapidly.

Here are a few things which will help us to deal with earthquakes. The significant information about Natural calamities is predicted easier and is being shared within the public by the central bureau. Furthermore, earthquake-resistant structures are constructed considering, ‘Precaution is Better Than Cure’. Reflexes are made so strong that cover of solid platforms such as a table and chair should be taken as soon as the danger is sensible while the cover of trees, electric poles or buildings is avoided as far as possible. Keep in touch with local news during heavy rainy days. Any flood is preceded with significant time. Making proper use of divine buffer time for safety is advisable. Strategically planning of water reservoirs, land uses, tree plantation, rainwater harvesting techniques help us increase immunity power to fight against the drought.

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), American Red Cross, Federal Emergency Management Agency, International Association of Emergency Managers etc. are the best disaster management authorities. NDMA is a core body which obeys the law of Disaster Management. The reputed disaster managers are stuck in finding plans for rescuing from the loss of disaster. Moreover, to counteract the effect of disaster Rajya Sabha passed the ‘Disaster Management Act’ on 23 December 2005 which includes 11 chapters and 79 sections in it. Honourable Prime Minister of India Mr Narendra Modi holds the position of chairman of it.

Youngsters should motivate themselves to learn and practice plenty of disaster management techniques and arrange the camps regarding it. Today, everyone is fighting against one of the breathtaking disasters named COVID-19 which is as big as fighting in world war. Avoiding the crowd, wearing the mask are the basic precautions suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) during this period of fighting. This disease spreads mostly amongst the people who come in close contact with the infected one. So, it's suggested to keep a safe distance of around 3 meters within the others. This is being termed as ‘Social Distancing’. Nature is not cruel nor is it human. Just small management skills help us withstand before, in and after disasters. Uncountable suggestions and instructions in disaster management but few which apply every time must be followed.

Stages of Disaster Management

With proper implementation and structured action, we can prevent or lessen the impact of natural or man-made disasters. There are certain stages involving the cycle for disaster management plan which incorporates policies and emergency responses required for a prospectively complete recovery. The stages are –

The most preferred way to deal with disasters is to be proactive in their prevention rather than rushing later for their cure. This implies recognition of potential hazards and working towards infrastructure to mitigate their impact. This stage in the management cycle involves setting up permanent measures to minimize disaster risk.

Setting up an evacuation plan in a school, training the teachers to lead the students towards safe structures in the event of earthquake, tornado or fire, planning a strong base for high raised sky-scrapers to prepare for earthquakes and designing a city in such a manner that reduces the risk of flooding are some examples of measures takes for disaster prevention.

Mitigation is the first and the foremost attempt to save human lives during the time of disaster or their recovery from the aftermath. The measures which are taken can be both structural and non-structural.

Structural mitigation measures could include transforming the physical characteristics of a building or the surroundings to curb the effect, for example, clearing out of the trees around your house, ensuring that storms don’t knock down the trees and send them crashing into the house. Non-structural measures could include amending the building or locality codes to enhance safety and prevent disasters.

Preparedness

Preparedness is a process that involves a social community where the trained, or the head of the community, businesses and institutions demonstrate the plan of action which is supposed to be executed during the event of a disaster. It is an ongoing continuous process with anticipation of a calamity, which involves training, evaluating and taking corrective action with the highest level of alertness. Some examples of such prevention measures are fire drills, shooter drills and evacuation rehearsals.

The response is the action taken after the disaster has occurred to retrieve some life from it. It includes short-term and long-term responses. In ideal situations, the disaster-management leader will coordinate the use of resources in the restoration process and minimize the risk of further property damage.

During this stage, the area of the calamity is cleared if it poses any further threat to human as well as environmental life. For example, evacuation of the city of Chernobyl, Ukraine, is a responsive action against a disaster.

The fifth and last stage in the process of the disaster management plan is the recovery stage. This can sometimes take years or decades to happen. The larger mass of a city is also sometimes part of the recovery from a disaster. The greatest and the most infamous example of this is the Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear attacks on Japan, it took the people of those cities years and decades to recover from that man-made calamity.

It took years of effort to stabilize the area and restore essential community or individual functions. The recovery stage prioritizes the basic essential needs of human survival like food, drinkable water, utilities, transportation and healthcare over less-essential services. Eventually, this stage is all about coordinating with individuals, communities and businesses to help each other to restore a normal or a new normal, as in the case of Covid-19.

How to Act as a Responsible Person During a Time of Disaster?

Some people have more experience than others with managing natural or man-made disasters and their prevention of them. Although this is that subject of life which should be studied and implemented by every business or community. As it is said rightly, “prevention is better than cure”, and any organization or an individual or a community can be hit by a disaster sooner or later, whether it's something as minor as a prolonged power cut or a life-threatening hurricane or an earthquake. Usually, the pandemics train us, as a social and political community, to deal with natural calamities and compel the organizations responsible for it, to build an infrastructure for its prevention.

To act responsibly and pro-actively during the event of a disaster, we have got to be prepared and equipped as a nation, individually and as a social community. To be well-educated and read with the aspects of disaster management is to be responsible for the handling of it.

FAQs on Disaster Management Essay

1. What is Disaster Management?

In simpler words, disaster management can be defined as the arrangement of resources and precautions to deal with all humanitarian aspects during an emergency. Disasters are the consequences of natural or human hazards. Earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes are some of the deadliest natural disasters to name a few. Examples of man-made disasters are bomb blast, radiations, transport accidents, terrorist attacks etc.

2. What is the Main Aim of Disaster Management?

The main aim of disaster management is prevention, rescue and recovery from the trauma, and development.

3. How to Write an Essay on Disaster Management?

Disaster management refers to the response to an emergency situation to make it as normal as possible. While writing an essay on Disaster Management, you can start with an introduction, then go on with the definition, the types of disaster management, a little in-depth explanation along with examples, and finish it off with a conclusion.

4. Can I Get a Sample Essay on Disaster Management from Vedantu?

Yes, the essay mentioned on this page is about Disaster Management. This essay has been written by the experts of Vedantu keeping the understanding ability of the students of each class.

5. What are the career opportunities in the field of Disaster management?

People looking for career opportunities in the field of disaster management have many pathways to approach it. Some examples of the jobs relating to this line of work are crisis-management leader, disaster-assistance specialist and emergency-planning coordinator. These are the roles which call for varying levels of responsibility in preparing a city or a company for catastrophic events. The job roles can be approached with earning a master’s degree in emergency and crisis management.

45,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. Take the first step today

Meet top uk universities from the comfort of your home, here’s your new year gift, one app for all your, study abroad needs, start your journey, track your progress, grow with the community and so much more.

Verification Code

An OTP has been sent to your registered mobile no. Please verify

Thanks for your comment !

Our team will review it before it's shown to our readers.

School Education /

Essay on Disaster Management in 500 Words

Updated on
Feb 1, 2024

Disaster management is the practice of managing and organizing resources to deal with disasters or hazardous events. Depending on the type and intensity of a disaster, its coping strategies or methods can vary. In India, the National Disaster Management Authority is the apex body to govern all types of natural disasters. Before knowing what disaster management is and how the coping strategies are implemented, it’s important to understand the types of disasters that have occurred. Some of the most prevalent disasters are Earthquakes , tsunamis, floods, wars, and many more.

One day State-level Policy Cafe on Integration of Health, Nutrition, WASH in Disasters and Emergencies, organized jointly by @CcdrrCentreNIDM, @nidmmhaindia along with HPSDMA and @balrakshabharat Save the Date: 15th December 2023 Join Zoom Meeting https://t.co/IZpKZR5BJS pic.twitter.com/V0Xmno5gFW — National Institute of Disaster Management (@nidmmhaindia) December 15, 2023

Paragraph on Disaster Management

Disaster Management is the practice of coping with natural and man-made disasters. There are multiple tasks involved in disaster management, such as planning, organizing, coordinating, and implementing measures to prepare for, respond to, recover from, and mitigate the impact of disasters. There are four main phases of disaster management: Preparedness, Response, Recovery, and Mitigation. Every country has its disaster management authority. In India, the National Disaster Management Authority is the apex body to govern and manage all types of disaster-related activities. In the USA, the manages and promotes disaster management practices. In recent years, the frequency of natural disasters has increased, which not only causes loss of life and property but leads to significant economic and psychological impacts on the people. Therefore, it is necessary to plan and implement effective disaster management practices.

Shiva Tyagi

With an experience of over a year, I've developed a passion for writing blogs on wide range of topics. I am mostly inspired from topics related to social and environmental fields, where you come up with a positive outcome.

Connect With Us

45,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. take the first step today..

Resend OTP in

Need help with?

Study abroad.

UK, Canada, US & More

IELTS, GRE, GMAT & More

Scholarship, Loans & Forex

Country Preference

New Zealand

Which English test are you planning to take?

Which academic test are you planning to take.

Not Sure yet

When are you planning to take the exam?

Already booked my exam slot

Within 2 Months

Want to learn about the test

Which Degree do you wish to pursue?

When do you want to start studying abroad.

January 2024

September 2024

What is your budget to study abroad?

How would you describe this article ?

Please rate this article

We would like to hear more.

Have something on your mind?

Make your study abroad dream a reality in January 2022 with

India's Biggest Virtual University Fair

Essex Direct Admission Day

Why attend .

Don't Miss Out

Essay on Disaster Management

Students are often asked to write an essay on Disaster Management in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Disaster Management

Understanding disaster management.

Disaster management is the process of preparing for, responding to, and recovering from disasters. It’s like a game plan to handle emergencies.

The Importance of Disaster Management

Disaster management is important because it helps to reduce the impact of disasters. It saves lives and protects property.

Steps in Disaster Management

There are four steps: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Mitigation and preparedness happen before a disaster, while response and recovery happen after.

Role of Everyone

Everyone has a role in disaster management. We should all be prepared and know what to do in case of a disaster.

250 Words Essay on Disaster Management

Introduction.

Disaster management refers to the organization and management of resources for dealing with all aspects of emergencies, particularly when they have catastrophic consequences. Its primary aim is to minimize the harmful effects of disasters on humanity and the environment.

The Cycle of Disaster Management

Disaster management operates in a cycle, encompassing four phases: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Mitigation attempts to prevent hazards from developing into disasters or reduce the effects of disasters. Preparedness involves developing plans and systems to respond effectively when disasters occur. Response is the immediate reaction to a disaster, while recovery aims to restore the affected area to its previous state.

Importance of Disaster Management

Disaster management is crucial in ensuring a systematic response to natural or man-made disasters. It helps in saving lives, reducing economic losses, and maintaining societal functions. Furthermore, it aids in building resilient communities that can withstand and recover from disasters.

Challenges in Disaster Management

Despite its importance, disaster management faces several challenges, such as inadequate funding, lack of public awareness, and coordination issues among different agencies. Achieving effective disaster management requires overcoming these obstacles through increased funding, public education, and improved inter-agency coordination.

In a world where disasters are becoming increasingly frequent and severe due to climate change and other factors, effective disaster management is more important than ever. By understanding and addressing the challenges in this field, we can build a safer, more resilient world for future generations.

500 Words Essay on Disaster Management

Introduction to disaster management.

Disasters, whether natural or man-made, have the potential to alter the course of life, causing extensive damage to life, property, and the environment. Effective disaster management strategies can significantly reduce the negative impacts of such events. For instance, they can minimize loss of life, ensure faster recovery, and safeguard the socio-economic fabric of the community.

Phases of Disaster Management

Disaster management can be divided into four critical phases: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery.

Mitigation involves measures taken to reduce the likelihood of a disaster or lessen its devastating effects. This phase includes risk assessment, implementation of building codes, land-use planning laws and regulations, and research and assessment of disaster-prone areas.

Preparedness

This phase involves the provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately following a disaster. The main aim is to reduce the impact of the disaster and facilitate recovery operations.

Recovery includes actions taken to restore normalcy after a disaster. It involves the rebuilding of infrastructure, provision of health and psychological services, and reconstruction of the affected areas.

Role of Technology in Disaster Management

Effective disaster management is a collective and coordinated effort that involves various stakeholders, including government agencies, non-governmental organizations, communities, and individuals. It requires a proactive approach that focuses not only on responding to disasters but also on preventing and mitigating their effects. By incorporating advanced technologies and fostering community participation, we can improve our resilience to disasters and ensure a safer and more secure future.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

Essay on Disaster Management

Essay generator.

In the contemporary world, disasters have become a frequent, albeit unwelcome, part of human life. From natural calamities like earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes to man-made crises such as industrial accidents and terrorist attacks, the spectrum of disasters is vast and varied. The omnipresent threat posed by these disasters necessitates an effective and efficient disaster management strategy. This essay delves into the essence of disaster management, its phases, the challenges involved, and the role of technology and community participation in enhancing disaster resilience.

Disaster Management

Disaster management refers to the systematic process of creating strategies aimed at limiting the adverse impacts of disasters. It encompasses a broad range of activities, including preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation efforts, to safeguard lives, property, and the environment. Effective disaster management is imperative not only for saving lives but also for maintaining economic stability and ensuring sustainable development.

The Phases of Disaster Management

Disaster management can be delineated into four critical phases, each of which plays a pivotal role in managing disasters.

1. Mitigation

Mitigation involves efforts to reduce the risk of disaster occurrences or diminish their effects. These measures include constructing buildings that can withstand earthquakes, improving drainage systems to prevent flooding, and implementing strict zoning and land-use practices. Mitigation strategies aim at preventing disasters from occurring and, failing that, reducing the impact of disasters when they occur.

2. Preparedness

Preparedness focuses on planning how to respond when a disaster strikes. This phase includes training emergency responders, establishing warning systems, conducting disaster drills, and developing evacuation plans. Preparedness efforts ensure that when a disaster occurs, the response is swift, coordinated, and effective, thereby minimizing loss of life and damage to property.

3. Response

The response phase is activated once a disaster occurs. It involves the mobilization of emergency services, volunteers, and other resources to save lives, provide shelter, and meet the basic needs of those affected. The effectiveness of the response phase heavily relies on the preparedness measures that have been put in place.

4. Recovery

Recovery is the process of restoring the affected community to its pre-disaster state. It includes rebuilding infrastructure, restoring public services, and providing support to the impacted individuals and businesses. Recovery can be a long-term process, focusing on not only the restoration of the physical aspects but also the emotional, economic, and social recovery of the community.

Challenges in Disaster Management

Despite the best efforts, disaster management faces numerous challenges. These include:

Lack of Resources: Many regions, especially in developing countries, lack the necessary resources, including finances, equipment, and trained personnel, to effectively manage disasters.
Communication Breakdown: Effective communication is crucial during disasters. However, disasters often disrupt communication infrastructure, making it challenging to coordinate response efforts and disseminate information to the public.
Coordination Among Agencies: Multiple agencies are involved in disaster management, including local, state, and federal governments, NGOs, and international bodies. Ensuring seamless coordination among these entities is often a daunting task.
Climate Change: The increasing impact of climate change is exacerbating the frequency and intensity of natural disasters, posing new challenges to disaster management strategies.

The Role of Technology in Disaster Management

Technology plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of disaster management. Innovations such as satellite imagery, GIS (Geographic Information Systems), and drones provide critical information for disaster preparedness and response. Social media and mobile technology have revolutionized the way information is disseminated and have improved communication between disaster management agencies and the public. Additionally, early warning systems powered by advanced forecasting technologies can save countless lives by providing timely alerts about impending disasters.

Community Participation in Disaster Management

Community participation is fundamental to the success of disaster management efforts. Local communities are the first to respond to disasters and thus, empowering them through education and training is vital. Community-based disaster management programs encourage local involvement in disaster preparedness activities, such as evacuation drills and first aid training, ensuring that communities are better equipped to cope with disasters. Engaging communities also fosters a sense of ownership and responsibility towards local disaster management initiatives.

In conclusion, Disaster management is a complex and multifaceted field that requires the concerted efforts of governments, organizations, communities, and individuals. By understanding the phases of disaster management and addressing the associated challenges, we can enhance our resilience to disasters. The integration of technology and the active participation of communities further strengthen disaster management frameworks, making our societies more robust and better prepared to face the inevitable challenges posed by disasters. As we move forward, it is imperative that disaster management strategies evolve in tandem with the changing dynamics of disasters, ensuring a safer and more resilient world for future generations.

Text prompt

Instructive
Professional

Generate an essay on the importance of extracurricular activities for student development

Write an essay discussing the role of technology in modern education.

Geography Notes

Essay on disaster risk reduction (drr) | disaster management.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

Here is a compilation of essays on ‘Disaster Risk Reduction’ for class 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Disaster Risk Reduction’ especially written for school and college students.

Essay on Disaster Risk Reduction

Essay Contents:

Essay on the Frameworks of Disaster Risk Reduction

Essay # 1. Introduction to Disaster Risk Reduction:

Disaster Risk reduction (DRR) aims to reduce the damage caused by natural hazards like earthquakes, floods, droughts and cyclones, through an ethic of prevention. Disasters often follow natural hazards.

The Hyogo Framework is a global blueprint for disaster risk reduction efforts during the next decade. Its goal is to substantially reduce disaster losses by 2015-in lives, and in the social, economic, and environmental assets of communities and countries.

The World Conference on Disaster Reduction was held from 18 to 22 January, 2005 in Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, and adopted the present Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of actions and Communities to Disasters (here after referred to as the “Framework for Action”). The Conference provided a unique opportunity to promote a strategic and systematic approach to reducing vulnerabilities and risks to hazards. It underscored the need for, and identified ways of, building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters.

A. Challenges Posed by Disasters :

1. Disaster loss is on the rise with grave consequences for the survival, dignity and livelihood of individuals, particularly the poor and hard-won development gains. Disaster risk is increasingly of global concern and its impact and actions in one region can have an impact on risks in another, and vice versa.

This, compounded by increasing vulnerabilities related to changing demographic, technological and socio-economic conditions, unplanned urbanization, development within high-risk zones, underdevelopment, environmental degradation, climate variability, climate change, geological hazards, competition for scarce resources, and the impact of epidemics such as HIV/ AIDS, points to a future where disasters could increasingly threaten the world’s economy, and its population and the sustainable development of developing countries. In the past two decades, on average more than 200 million people have been affected every year by disasters.

2. Disaster risk arises when hazards interact with physical, social, economic and environmental vulnerabilities. Events of hydro-meteorological origin constitute the large majority of disasters. Despite the growing understanding and acceptance of the importance of disaster risk reduction and increased disaster response capacities, disasters and in particular the management and reduction of risk continue to pose a global challenge.

3. There is now international acknowledgement that efforts to reduce disaster risks must be systematically integrated into policies, plans and programmes for sustainable development and poverty reduction, and supported through bilateral, regional and international cooperation, including partnerships.

Sustainable development, poverty reduction, good governance and disaster risk reduction are mutually supportive objectives, and in order to meet the challenges ahead, accelerated efforts must be made to build the necessary capacities at the community and national levels to manage and reduce risk. Such an approach is to be recognized as an important element for the achievement of internationally agreed development goals, including those contained in the Millennium Declaration.

4. The importance of promoting disaster risk reduction efforts on the international and regional levels as well as the national and local levels has been recognized in the past few years in a number of key multilateral frameworks and declarations.

B. Lessons Learned and Gaps identified from Yokohama Strategy:

5. The Yokohama Strategy for a Safer World: Guidelines for Natural Disaster Prevention, Preparedness and Mitigation and its Plan of Action (“Yokohama Strategy”), adopted in 1994, provides landmark guidance on reducing disaster risk and the impacts of disasters.

6. The review of progress made in implementing the Yokohama Strategy 5 identifies major challenges for the coming years in ensuring more systematic action to address disaster risks in the context of sustainable development and in building resilience through enhanced national and local capabilities to manage and reduce risk.

7. The review stresses the importance of disaster risk reduction being underpinned by a more pro-active approach to informing, motivating and involving people in all aspects of disaster risk reduction in their own local communities. It also highlights the scarcity of resources allocated specifically from development budgets for the realization of risk reduction objectives, either at the national or the regional level or through international cooperation and financial mechanisms, while noting the significant potential to better exploit existing resources and established practices for more effective disaster risk reduction.

8. Specific gaps and challenges are identified in the following five main areas:

(a) Governance: organizational, legal and policy frameworks;

(b) Risk identification, assessment, monitoring and early warning;

(d) Reducing underlying risk factors;

(e) Preparedness for effective response and recovery.

These are the key areas for developing a relevant framework for action for the decade 2005-2015.

Essay # 2. World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction:

Objectives, Expected Outcome and Strategic Goals:

A. Objectives :

1. The World Conference on Disaster Reduction was convened by decision of the General Assembly, with five specific objectives:

(a) To conclude and report on the review of the Yokohama Strategy and its Plan of Action, with a view to updating the guiding framework on disaster reduction for the twenty-first century;

(b) To identify specific activities aimed at ensuring the implementation of relevant provisions of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development on vulnerability, risk assessment and disaster management;

(c) To share good practices and lessons learned to further disaster reduction within the context of attaining sustainable development, and to identify gaps and challenges;

(d) To increase awareness of the importance of disaster reduction policies, thereby facilitating and promoting the implementation of those policies;

(e) To increase the reliability and availability of appropriate disaster-related information to the public and disaster management agencies in all regions, as set out in relevant provisions of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation.

B. Expected Outcome :

2. Taking these objectives into account, and drawing on the conclusions of the review of the Yokohama Strategy, States and other actors participating at the World Conference on Disaster Reduction (hereinafter referred to as “the Conference”) resolve to pursue the following expected outcome for the next 10 years: The substantial reduction of disaster losses, in lives and in the social, economic and environmental assets of communities and countries.

The realization of this outcome will require the full commitment and involvement of all actors concerned, including governments, regional and international organizations, civil society including volunteers, the private sector and the scientific community.

C. Strategic Goals:

3. To attain this expected outcome, the Conference resolves to adopt the following strategic goals:

(a) The more effective integration of disaster risk considerations into sustainable development policies, planning and programming at all levels, with a special emphasis on disaster prevention, mitigation, preparedness and vulnerability reduction;

(b) The development and strengthening of institutions, mechanisms and capacities at all levels, in particular at the community level, that can systematically contribute to building resilience 7 to hazards;

(c) The systematic incorporation of risk reduction approaches into the design and implementation of emergency preparedness, response and recovery programmes in the reconstruction of affected communities.

Essay # 3. Priorities for Action of Disaster Risk Reduction (2005-2015):

A. General Considerations:

4. In determining appropriate action to achieve the expected outcome and strategic goals, the conference reaffirms that the following general considerations will be taken into account:

(a) The Principles contained in the Yokohama Strategy retain their full relevance in the current context, which is characterized by increasing commitment to disaster reduction;

(b) Taking into account the importance of international cooperation and partnerships, each State has the primary responsibility for its own sustainable development and for taking effective measures to reduce disaster risk, including for the protection of people on its territory, infrastructure and other national assets from the impact of disasters.

At the same time, in the context of increasing global interdependence, concerted international cooperation and an enabling international environment are required to stimulate and contribute to developing the knowledge, capacities and motivation needed for disaster risk reduction at all levels;

(c) An integrated, multi-hazard approach to disaster risk reduction should be factored into policies, planning and programming related to sustainable development, relief, rehabilitation, and recovery activities in post-disaster and post-conflict situations in disaster-prone countries;

(d) A gender perspective should be integrated into all disaster risk management policies, plans and decision-making processes, including those related to risk assessment early warning, information management, and education and training;

(e) Cultural diversity, age, and vulnerable groups should be taken into account when planning for disaster risk reduction, as appropriate;

(f) Both communities and local authorities should be empowered to manage and reduce disaster risk by having access to the necessary information, resources and authority to implement actions for disaster risk reduction;

(g) Disaster-prone developing countries, especially least developed countries and small island developing States, warrant particular attention in view of their higher vulnerability and risk levels, which often greatly exceed their capacity to respond to and recover from disasters;

(h) There is a need to enhance international and regional cooperation and assistance in the field of disaster risk reduction through, inter alia:

I. The transfer of knowledge, technology and expertise to enhance capacity building for disaster risk reduction

II. The sharing of research findings, lessons learned and best practices

III. The compilation of information on disaster risk and impact for all scales of disasters in a way that can inform sustainable development and disaster risk reduction,

IV. Appropriate support in order to enhance governance for disaster risk reduction, for awareness-raising initiatives and for capacity-development measures at all levels, in order to improve the disaster resilience of developing countries,

V. The full, speedy and effective implementation of the enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, taking into account the impact of disasters on the debt sustainability of countries eligible for this programme.

VI. Financial assistance to reduce existing risks and to avoid the generation of new risks,

(i) The promotion of a culture of prevention, including through the mobilization of adequate resources for disaster risk reduction, is an investment for the future with substantial returns. Risk assessment and early warning systems are essential investments that protect and save lives, property and livelihoods, contribute to the sustainability of development, and are far more cost-effective in strengthening coping mechanisms than is primary reliance on post-disaster response and recovery;

(j) There is also a need for proactive measures, bearing in mind that the phases of relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction following a disaster are windows of opportunity for the rebuilding of livelihoods and for the planning and reconstruction of physical and socio-economic structures, in a way that will build community resilience and reduce vulnerability to future disaster risks;

(k) Disaster risk reduction is a cross-cutting issue in the context of sustainable development and therefore an important element for the achievement of internationally agreed development goals, including those contained in the Millennium Declaration. In addition, every effort should be made to use humanitarian assistance in such a way that risks and future vulnerabilities will be lessened as much as possible.

B. Priorities for Action :

5. Drawing on the conclusions of the review of the Yokohama Strategy, and on the basis of deliberations at the World Conference on Disaster Reduction and especially the agreed expected outcome and strategic goals, the Conference has adopted the following five priorities for action:

(a) Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation.

(b) Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning.

(d) Reduce the underlying risk factors.

(e) Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels.

6. In their approach to disaster risk reduction, States, regional and international organizations and other actors concerned should take into consideration the key activities listed under each of these five priorities and should implement them, as appropriate, to their own circumstances and capacities.

Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation.

7. Countries that develop policy, legislative and institutional frameworks for disaster risk reduction and that are able to develop and track progress through specific and measurable indicators have greater capacity to manage risks and to achieve widespread consensus for, engagement in and compliance with disaster risk reduction measures across all sectors of society.

Key Activities:

(i) National Institutional and Legislative Frameworks:

a. Support the creation and strengthening of national integrated disaster risk reduction mechanisms, such as multi sectoral national platforms, with designated responsibilities at the national through to the local levels to facilitate coordination across sectors. National platforms should also facilitate coordination across sectors, including by maintaining a broad based dialogue at national and regional levels for promoting awareness among the relevant sectors.

b. Integrate risk reduction, as appropriate, into development policies and planning at all levels of government, including in poverty reduction strategies and sectors and multi sector policies and plans.

c. Adopt, or modify where necessary, legislation to support disaster risk reduction, including regulations and mechanisms that encourage compliance and that promote incentives for undertaking risk reduction and mitigation activities.

d. Recognize the importance and specificity of local risk patterns and trends, decentralize responsibilities and resources for disaster risk reduction to relevant sub-national or local authorities, as appropriate.

(ii) Resources:

a. Assess existing human resource capacities for disaster risk reduction at all levels and develop capacity-building plans and programmes for meeting ongoing and future requirements.

b. Allocate resources for the development and the implementation of disaster risk management policies, programmes, laws and regulations on disaster risk reduction in all relevant sectors and authorities at all levels of administrative and budgets on the basis of clearly prioritized actions.

c. Governments should demonstrate the strong political determination required to promote and integrate disaster risk reduction into development programming.

(iii) Community Participation:

Promote community participation in disaster risk reduction through the adoption of specific policies, the promotion of networking, the strategic management of volunteer resources, the attribution of roles and responsibilities, and the delegation and provision of the necessary authority and resources.

Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning:

8. The starting point for reducing disaster risk and for promoting a culture of disaster resilience lies in the knowledge of the hazards and the physical, social, economic and environmental vulnerabilities to disasters that most societies face, and of the ways in which hazards and vulnerabilities are changing in the short and long term, followed by action taken on the basis of that knowledge.

(i) National and Local Risk Assessments:

(a) Develop, update periodically and widely disseminate risk maps and related information to decision-makers, the general public and communities at risk 11 in an appropriate format.

(b) Develop systems of indicators of disaster risk and vulnerability at national and sub-national scales that will enable decision-makers to assess the impact of disasters on social, economic and environmental conditions and disseminate the results to decision-makers, the public and populations at risk.

(c) Record, analyse, summarize and disseminate statistical information on disaster occurrence, impacts and losses, on a regular bases through international, regional, national and local mechanisms.

(ii) Early Warning:

(d) Develop early warning systems that are people centered, in particular systems whose warnings are timely and understandable to those at risk, which take into account the demographic, gender, cultural and livelihood characteristics of the target audiences, including guidance on how to act upon warnings, and that support effective operations by disaster managers and other decision makers.

(e) Establish, periodically review, and maintain information systems as part of early warning systems with a view to ensuring that rapid and coordinated action is taken in cases of alert/emergency.

(f) Establish institutional capacities to ensure that early warning systems are well integrated into governmental policy and decision-making processes and emergency management systems at both the national and the local levels, and are subject to regular system testing and performance assessments.

(g) Implement the outcome of the Second International Conference on Early Warning held in Bonn, Germany, in 2003- 13 , including through the strengthening of coordination and cooperation among all relevant sectors and actors in the early warning chain in order to achieve fully effective early warning systems

(h) Implement the outcome of the Mauritius Strategy for the further implementation of the Barbados Programme of Action for the sustainable development of small island developing states, including by establishing and strengthening effective early warning systems as well as other mitigation and response measures.

(iii) Capacity:

(i) Support the development and sustainability of the infrastructure and scientific, technological, technical and institutional capacities needed to research, observe, analyse, map and where possible forecast natural and related hazards, vulnerabilities and disaster impacts.

(j) Support the development and improvement of relevant databases and the promotion of full and open exchange and dissemination of data for assessment, monitoring and early warning purposes, as appropriate, at international, regional, national and local levels.

(k) Support the improvement of scientific and technical methods and capacities for risk assessment, monitoring and early warning, through research, partnerships, training and technical capacity- building. Promote the application of in situ and space-based earth observations, space technologies, remote sensing, geographic information systems, hazard modelling and prediction, weather and climate modelling and forecasting, communication tools and studies of the costs and benefits of risk assessment and early warning.

(l) Establish and strengthen the capacity to record, analyze, summarize, disseminate, and exchange statistical information and data on hazards mapping, disaster risks, impacts, and losses; support the development of common methodologies for risk assessment and monitoring.

(iv) Regional and Emerging Risks:

(m) Compile and standardize, as appropriate, statistical information and data on regional disaster risks, impacts and losses.

(n) Cooperate regionally and internationally, as appropriate, to assess and monitor regional and trans-boundary hazards, and exchange information and provide early warnings through appropriate arrangements, such as, inter alia, those relating to the management of river basins,

(o) Research, analyse and report on long-term changes and emerging issues that might increase vulnerabilities and risks or the capacity of authorities and communities to respond to disasters.

3. Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels:

9. Disasters can be substantially reduced if people are well informed and motivated towards a culture of disaster prevention and resilience, which in turn requires the collection, compilation and dissemination of relevant knowledge and information on hazards, vulnerabilities and capacities.

(i) Information Management and Exchange:

(a) Provide easily understandable information on disaster risks and protection options, especially to citizens in high-risk areas, to encourage and enable people to take action to reduce risks and build resilience. The information should incorporate relevant traditional and indigenous knowledge and culture heritage and be tailored to different target audiences, taking into account cultural and social factors.

(b) Strengthen networks among disaster experts, managers and planners across sectors and between regions, and create or strengthen procedures for using available expertise when agencies and other important actors develop local risk reduction plans.

(c) Promote and improve dialogue and cooperation among scientific communities and practitioners working on disaster risk reduction, and encourage partnerships among stakeholders, including those working on the socioeconomic dimensions of disaster risk reduction.

(d) Promote the use, application and affordability of recent information, communication and space-based technologies and related services, as well as earth observations, to support disaster risk reduction, particularly for training and for the sharing and dissemination of information among different categories of users.

(e) In the medium term, develop local, national, regional and international user-friendly directories, inventories and national information-sharing systems and services for the exchange of information on good practices, cost-effective and easy-to-use disaster risk reduction technologies, and lessons learned on policies, plans and measures for disaster risk reduction.

(f) Institutions dealing with urban development should provide information to the public on disaster reduction options prior to constructions, land purchase or land sale.

(g) Update and widely disseminate international standard terminology related to disaster risk reduction, at least in all official United Nations languages, for use in programme and institutional development, operations, research, training curricula and public information programmes.

(ii) Education and Training:

(h) Promote the inclusion of disaster risk reduction knowledge in relevant sections of school curricula at all levels and the use of other formal and informal channels to reach youth and children with information; promote the integration of disaster risk reduction as an intrinsic element of the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2015).

(i) Promote the implementation of local risk assessment and disaster preparedness programmes in schools and institutions of higher education.

(j) Promote the implementation of programmes and activities in schools for learning how to minimize the effects of hazards.

(k) Develop training and learning programmes in disaster risk reduction targeted at specific sectors (development planners, emergency managers, local government officials, etc.).

(l) Promote community-based training initiatives, considering the role of volunteers, as appropriate, to enhance local capacities to mitigate and cope with disasters,

(m) Ensure equal access to appropriate training and educational opportunities for women and vulnerable constituencies; promote gender and cultural sensitivity training as integral components of education and training for disaster risk reduction.

(iii) Research:

(n) Develop improved methods for predictive multi-risk assessments and socioeconomic cost-benefit analysis of risk reduction actions at all levels; incorporate these methods into decision-making processes at regional, national and local levels,

(o) Strengthen the technical and scientific capacity to develop and apply methodologies, studies and models to assess vulnerabilities to and the impact of geological, weather, water and climate-related hazards, including the improvement of regional monitoring capacities and assessments.

(iv) Public awareness

(p) Promote the engagement of the media in order to stimulate a culture of disaster resilience and strong community involvement in sustained public education campaigns and public consultations at all levels of society.

4. Reduce the underlying risk factors:

10. Disaster risks related to changing social, economic, environmental conditions and land use, and the impact of hazards associated with geological events, weather, water, climate variability and climate change, are addressed in sector development planning and programmes as well as in post-disaster situations.

(i) Environmental and Natural Resource Management:

(a) Encourage the sustainable use and management of ecosystems, including through better land-use planning and development activities to reduce risk and vulnerabilities.

(b) Implement integrated environmental and natural resource management approaches that incorporate disaster risk reduction, including structural and non-structural measures, such as integrated flood management and appropriate management of fragile ecosystems.

(c) Promote the integration of risk reduction associated with existing climate variability and future climate change into strategies for the reduction of disaster risk and adaptation to climate change, which would include the clear identification of climate-related disaster risks, the design of specific risk reduction measures and an improved and routine use of climate risk information by planners, engineers and other decision-makers.

(ii) Social and Economic Development Practices:

(d) Promote food security as an important factor in ensuring the resilience of communities to hazards, particularly in areas prone to drought, flood, cyclones and other hazards that can weaken agriculture-based livelihoods.

(e) Integrate disaster risk reduction planning into the health sector; promote the goal of “hospitals safe from disaster” by ensuring that all new hospitals are built with a level of resilience that strengthens their capacity to remain functional in disaster situations and implement mitigation measures to reinforce existing health facilities, particularly those providing primary health care.

(f) Protect and strengthen critical public facilities and physical infrastructure, particularly schools, clinics, hospitals, water and power plants, communications and transport lifelines, disaster warning and management centers, and culturally important lands and structures through proper design, retrofitting and re-building, in order to render them adequately resilient to hazards.

(g) Strengthen the implementation of social safety-net mechanisms to assist the poor, the elderly and the disabled, and other populations affected by disasters. Enhance recovery schemes including psycho-social training programmes in order to mitigate the psychological damage of vulnerable populations, particularly children, in the aftermath of disasters.

(h) Incorporate disaster risk reduction measures into post-disaster recovery and rehabilitation processes and use opportunities during the recovery phase to develop capacities that reduce disaster risk in the long term, including through the sharing of expertise, knowledge and lessons learned.

(i) Endeavour to ensure, as appropriate, that programmes for displaced persons do not increase risk and vulnerability to hazards.

(j) Promote diversified income options for populations in high-risk areas to reduce their vulnerability to hazards, and ensure that their income and assets are not undermined by development policy and processes that increase their vulnerability to disasters.

(k) Promote the development of financial risk-sharing mechanisms, particularly insurance and reinsurance against disasters.

(l) Promote the establishment of public-private partnerships to better engage the private sector in disaster risk reduction activities; encourage the private sector to foster a culture of disaster prevention, putting greater emphasis on, and allocating resources to, pre-disaster activities such as risk assessments and early warning systems.

(m) Develop and promote alternative and innovative financial instruments for addressing disaster risk.

(iii) Land-Use Planning and Other Technical Measures:

(n) Incorporate disaster risk assessments into the urban planning and management of disaster-prone human settlements, in particular highly populated areas and quickly urbanizing settlements. The issues of informal or non-permanent housing and the location of housing in high-risk areas should be addressed as priorities, including in the framework of urban poverty reduction and slum-upgrading programmes.

(o) Mainstream disaster risk considerations into planning procedures for major infrastructure projects, including the criteria for design, approval and implementation of such projects and considerations based on social, economic and environmental impact assessments.

(p) Develop, upgrade and encourage the use of guidelines and monitoring tools for the reduction of disaster risk in the context of land-use policy and planning.

(q) Incorporate disaster risk assessment into rural development planning and management, in particular with regard to mountain and coastal flood plain areas, including through the identification of land zones that are available and safe for human settlement.

(r) Encourage the revision of existing or the development of new building codes, standards, rehabilitation and reconstruction practices at the national or local levels, as appropriate, with the aim of making them more applicable in the local context, particularly in informal and marginal human settlements, and reinforce the capacity to implement, monitor and enforce such codes, through a consensus-based approach, with a view to fostering disaster-resistant structures.

5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels:

11. At times of disaster, impacts and losses can be substantially reduced if authorities, individuals and communities in hazard-prone areas are well prepared and ready to act and are equipped with the knowledge and capacities for effective disaster management.

a) Strengthen policy, technical and institutional capacities in regional, national and local disaster management, including those related to technology, training, and human and material resources.

b) Promote and support dialogue, exchange of information and coordination among early warning, disaster risk reduction, disaster response, development and other relevant agencies and institutions at all levels, with the aim of fostering a holistic approach towards disaster risk reduction.

c) Strengthen and when necessary develop coordinated regional approaches, and create or upgrade regional policies, operational mechanisms, plans and communication systems to prepare for and ensure rapid and effective disaster response in situations that exceed national coping capacities.

d) Prepare or review and periodically update disaster preparedness and contingency plans and policies at all levels, with a particular focus on the most vulnerable areas and groups. Promote regular disaster preparedness exercises, including evacuation drills, with a view to ensuring rapid and effective disaster response and access to essential food and non-food relief supplies, as appropriate, to local needs.

e) Promote the establishment of emergency funds, where and as appropriate, to support response, recovery and preparedness measures.

f) Develop specific mechanisms to engage the active participation and ownership of relevant stakeholders, including communities, in disaster risk reduction, in particular building on the spirit of volunteerism.

Essay # 4. Implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction :

12. The implementation of and follow-up to the strategic goals and priorities for action set out in this Framework for Action should be addressed by different stakeholders in a multi-sectoral approach, including the development sector. States and regional and international organizations, including the United Nations and international financial institutions, are called upon to integrate disaster risk reduction considerations into their sustainable development policy, planning and programming at all levels.

Civil society, including volunteers and community-based organizations, the scientific community and the private sector are vital stakeholders in supporting the implementation of disaster risk reduction at all levels.

13. While each state has primary responsibility for its own economic and social development, an enabling international environment is vital to stimulate and contribute to developing the knowledge, capacities and motivation needed to build disaster resilient nations and communities.

States and regional and international organizations should foster greater strategic coordination among the United Nations, other international organizations, including international financial institutions, regional bodies, donor agencies and non-governmental organizations engaged in disaster risk reduction, based on a strengthened International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. In the coming years, consideration should be given to ensuring the implementation and strengthening of relevant international legal instruments related to disaster risk reduction.

14. States and regional and international organizations should also support the capacities of regional mechanisms and organizations to develop regional plans, policies and common practices, as appropriate, in support of networking, advocacy, coordination, exchange of information and experience, scientific monitoring of hazards and vulnerability, and institutional capacity development and to deal with disaster risks.

15. All actors are encouraged to build multi-stakeholder partnerships, at all levels, as appropriate, and on a voluntary basis, to contribute to the implementation of this Framework for Action. States and other actors are also encouraged to promote the strengthening or establishment of national, regional and international volunteer corps, which can be made available to countries and to the international community to contribute to addressing vulnerability and reducing disaster risk.

16. The Mauritius Strategy for the further implementation of the Barbados Programme of Action for Small Island Developing States underscores that small island developing States are located among the most vulnerable regions in the world in relation to the intensity and frequency of natural and environmental disasters and their increasing impact, and face disproportionately high economic, social and environmental consequences.

Small island developing States have undertaken to strengthen their respective national frameworks for more effective disaster management and are committed, with the necessary support of the international community, to improve national disaster mitigation, preparedness and early-warning capacity, increase public awareness about disaster reduction, stimulate interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral partnerships, mainstream risk management into their national planning process, address issues relating to insurance and reinsurance arrangements, and augment their capacity to predict and respond to emergency situations, including those affecting human settlements stemming from natural and environmental disasters.

17. In view of the particular vulnerabilities and insufficient capacities of least developed countries to respond to and recover from disasters, support is needed by the least developed countries as a matter of priority, in executing substantive programmes and relevant institutional mechanisms for the implementation of the Framework for Action, including through financial and technical assistance and for capacity building in disaster risk reduction as an effective and sustainable means to prevent and respond to disasters.

18. Disasters in Africa pose a major obstacle to the African continent’s efforts to achieve sustainable development, especially in view of the region’s insufficient capacities to predict, monitor, deal with and mitigate disasters. Reducing the vulnerability of the African people to hazards is a necessary element of poverty reduction strategies, including efforts to protect past development gains. Financial and technical assistance is needed to strengthen the capacities of African countries, including observation and early warning systems, assessments, prevention, preparedness, response and recovery.

19. The follow-up on the World Conference on Disaster Reduction will, as appropriate, be an integrated and coordinated part of the follow-up to other major conference in fields relevant to disaster risk reduction. This should include specific reference to progress on disaster risk reduction taking, into account agreed development goals, including those found in the Millennium Declaration.

20. The implementation of this Framework for Action for the period 2005-2015 will be appropriately reviewed.

B. States :

21. All States should endeavour to undertake the following tasks at the national and local levels, with a strong sense of ownership and in collaboration with civil society and other stakeholders, within the bounds of their financial, human and material capacities, and taking into account their domestic legal requirements and existing international instruments related to disaster risk reduction. States should also contribute actively in the context of regional and international cooperation.

(a) Prepare and publish national baseline assessments of the status of disaster risk reduction, according to the capabilities, needs and policies of each State, and, as appropriate, share this information with concerned regional and international bodies;

(b) Designate an appropriate national coordination mechanism for the implementation and follow up of this Framework for Action, and communicate the information to the secretariat of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction;

(c) Publish and periodically update a summary of national programmes for disaster risk reduction related to this Framework for Action, including on international cooperation;

(d) Develop procedures for reviewing national progress against this Framework for Action, which should include systems for cost benefit analysis and ongoing monitoring and assessment of vulnerability and risk, in particular with regards to regions exposed to hydro-meteorological and seismic hazards, as appropriate;

(e) Include information on progress of disaster risk reduction in the reporting mechanisms of existing international and other frameworks concerning sustainable development, as appropriate;

(J) Consider, as appropriate, acceding to, approving or ratifying relevant international legal instruments relating to disaster reduction, and, for State parties to those instruments, take measures for their effective implementation;

(g) Promote the integration of risk reduction associated with existing climate variability and future climate change into strategies for the reduction of disaster risk and adaptation to climate change; ensure that the management of risks associated with geological hazards, such as earthquakes and landslides, are fully taken into account in disaster risk reduction programmes.

C. Regional Organizations and Institutions :

Regional organizations with a role related to disaster risk reduction are called upon to undertake the following tasks within their mandates, priorities and resources:

(a) Promote regional programmes, including programmes for technical cooperation, capacity development, the development of methodologies and standards for hazard and vulnerability monitoring and assessment, the sharing of information and effective mobilization of resources, in view of supporting national and regional efforts to achieve the objectives of this Framework for Action;

(b) Undertake and publish regional and sub-regional baseline assessments of the disaster risk reduction status, according to the needs identified and in line with their mandates;

(c) Coordinate and publish periodic reviews on progress in the region and on impediments and support needs, and assist countries, as requested, in the preparation of periodic national summaries of their programmes and progress;

(d) Establish or strengthen existing specialized regional collaborative centers, as appropriate, to undertake research, training, education and capacity building in the field of disaster risk reduction;

(e) Support the development of regional mechanisms and capacities for early warning to disasters, including for tsunami.

D. International Organizations :

International organizations, including organizations of the United Nations system and international financial institutions, are called upon to undertake the following tasks within their mandates, priorities and resources:

(a) Engage fully in supporting and implementing the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and cooperate to advance integrated approaches to building disaster- resilient nations and communities, by encouraging stronger linkages, coherence and integration of disaster risk reduction elements into the humanitarian and sustainable development fields as set out in this Framework for Action;

(b) Strengthen the overall capacity of the United Nations system to assist disaster- prone developing countries in disaster risk reduction through appropriate means and coordination and define and implement appropriate measures for regular assessment of their progress towards the achievement of the goals and priorities set out in this Framework for Action, building on the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction;

(c) Identify relevant actions to assist disaster-prone developing countries in the implementation of this Framework for Action; ensure that relevant actions are integrated, as appropriate, into each organization’s own scientific, humanitarian and development sectors, policies, programmes and practices and that adequate funding is allocated for their implementation;

(d) Assist disaster-prone developing countries to set up national strategies and plans of action and programmes for disaster risk reduction and to develop their institutional and technical capacities in the field of disaster risk reduction, as identified through the priorities in this Framework for Action;

(e) Integrate actions in support of the implementation of this Framework into relevant coordination mechanisms such as the United Nations Development Group and the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (on humanitarian action), including at the national level and through the Resident Coordinator system and the United Nations Country teams.

In addition, integrate disaster risk reduction considerations into development assistance frameworks, such as the Common Country Assessments, the United Nations Development Assistance Framework and poverty reduction strategies;

(f) In close collaboration with existing networks and platforms, cooperate to support globally consistent data collection and forecasting on natural hazards, vulnerabilities and risks and disaster impacts at all scales. These initiatives should include the development of standards, the maintenance of databases, the development of indicators and indices, support to early warning systems, the full and open exchange of data and the use of in situ and remotely sensed observations;

(g) Support States with the provision of appropriate, timely and well coordinated international relief assistance, upon request of affected countries, and in accordance with agreed guiding principles for emergency relief assistance and coordination arrangements. Provide this assistance with a view to reducing risk and vulnerability, improving capacities and ensuring effective arrangements for international cooperation for urban search and rescue assistance.

Ensure that arrangements for prompt international response to reach affected areas are being developed at national and local levels and that appropriate linkages to recovery efforts and risk reduction are strengthened;

(h) Strengthen the international mechanisms with a view to supporting disaster stricken States in the transition phase towards sustainable physical, social and economic recovery and to reducing future risks. This should include support for risk reduction activities in post-disaster recovery and rehabilitation processes and sharing of good practices, knowledge and technical support with relevant countries, experts and United Nations organizations;

(i) Strengthen and adapt the existing inter-agency disaster management training programme based on a shared, inter-agency strategic vision and framework for disaster risk management that encompasses risk reduction, preparedness, response and recovery.

E. Resource Mobilization :

States, within the bounds of their financial capabilities, regional and international organizations, through appropriate multilateral, regional and bilateral coordination mechanisms, should undertake the following tasks to mobilize the necessary resources to support implementation of this Framework for Action:

(a) Mobilize the appropriate resources and capabilities of relevant national, regional and international bodies, including the United Nations system;

(b) Provide for and support, through bilateral and multilateral channels, the implementation of this Framework for Action in disaster-prone developing countries, including through financial and technical assistance, addressing debt sustainability, technology transfer on mutually agreed terms, and public-private partnerships, and encourage North-South and South-South cooperation;

(c) Mainstream disaster risk reduction measures appropriately into multilateral and bilateral development assistance programmes including those related to poverty reduction, natural resource management, urban development and adaptation to climate change;

(d) Provide adequate voluntary financial contributions to the United Nations Trust Fund for Disaster Reduction, in the effort to ensure the adequate support for the follow-up activities to this Framework for Action. Review the current usage and feasibility for the expansion of this fund, inter alia, to assist disaster-prone developing countries to set up national strategies for disaster risk reduction.

(e) Develop partnerships to implement schemes that spread out risks, reduce insurance premiums, expand insurance coverage and thereby increase financing for post- disaster reconstruction and rehabilitation, including through public and private partnerships, as appropriate. Promote an environment that encourages a culture of insurance in developing countries, as appropriate.

Essay # 5. Princi ples of Disaster Risk Reduction:

1. Drawing from the principles contained in the Yokohama Strategy for a Safer World:

Guidelines for Natural Disaster Prevention, Preparedness and Mitigation and its Plan of Action and the Hyogo Framework for Action, the implementation of this Framework will be guided by the following principles, while taking into account national circumstances, and consistent with domestic laws as well as international obligations and commitments:

(a) Each State has the primary responsibility to prevent and reduce disaster risk, including through international, regional, sub regional, trans boundary and bilateral cooperation. The reduction of disaster risk is a common concern for all States and the extent to which developing countries are able to effectively enhance and implement national disaster risk reduction policies and measures in the context of their respective circumstances and capabilities can be further enhanced through the provision of sustainable international cooperation.

(b) Disaster risk reduction requires that responsibilities be shared by central Governments and relevant national authorities, sectors and stakeholders, as appropriate to their national circumstances and systems of governance.

(c) Managing the risk of disasters is aimed at protecting persons and their property, health, livelihoods and productive assets, as well as cultural and environmental assets, while promoting and protecting all human rights, including the right to development.

(d) Disaster risk reduction requires an all-of-society engagement and partnership. It also requires empowerment and inclusive, accessible and non-discriminatory participation, paying special attention to people disproportionately affected by disasters, especially the poorest.

A gender, age, disability and cultural perspective should be integrated in all policies and practices, and women and youth leadership should be promoted. In this context, special attention should be paid to the improvement of organized voluntary work of citizens.

(e) Disaster risk reduction and management depends on coordination mechanisms within and across sectors and with relevant stakeholders at all levels, and it requires the full engagement of all State institutions of an executive and legislative nature at national and local levels and a clear articulation of responsibilities across public and private stakeholders, including business and academia, to ensure mutual outreach, partnership, complementarity in roles and accountability and follow-up.

(f) While the enabling, guiding and coordinating role of national and federal State Governments remain essential, it is necessary to empower local authorities and local communities to reduce disaster risk, including through resources, incentives and decision-making responsibilities, as appropriate.

(g) Disaster risk reduction requires a multi-hazard approach and inclusive risk-informed decision-making based on the open exchange and dissemination of disaggregated data, including by sex, age and disability, as well as on easily accessible, up-to- date, comprehensible, science-based, non-sensitive risk information, complemented by traditional knowledge.

(h) The development, strengthening and implementation of relevant policies, plans, practices and mechanisms need to aim at coherence, as appropriate, across sustainable development and growth, food security, health and safety, climate change and variability, environmental management and disaster risk reduction agendas. Disaster risk reduction is essential to achieve sustainable development.

(i) While the drivers of disaster risk may be local, national, regional or global in scope, disaster risks have local and specific characteristics that must be understood for the determination of measures to reduce disaster risk.

(j) Addressing underlying disaster risk factors through disaster risk-informed public and private investments is more cost-effective than primary reliance on post- disaster response and recovery, and contributes to sustainable development.

(k) In the post-disaster recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phase it is critical to prevent the creation of and to reduce disaster risk by “Building Back Better” and increasing public education and awareness of disaster risk.

(l) An effective and meaningful global partnership and the further strengthening of international cooperation, including the fulfillment of respective commitments of official development assistance by developed countries, are essential for effective disaster risk management.

(m) Developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, small island developing states, land locked developing countries and African countries, as well as middle-income and other countries facing specific disaster risk challenges, need adequate, sustainable and timely provision of support, including through finance, technology transfer and capacity-building from developed countries and partners tailored to their needs and priorities, as identified by them.

Essay # 6 . Frameworks of Disaster Risk Reduction:

1. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 was adopted at the Third United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, held from 14 to 18 March, 2015 in Sendai, Miyagi, Japan, which represented a unique opportunity for countries to:

(i) Adopt a concise, focused, forward-looking and action-oriented post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction;

(ii) Complete the assessment and review of the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters;

(iii) Consider the experience gained through the regional and national strategies/ institutions and plans for disaster risk reduction and their recommendations, as well as relevant regional agreements for the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action;

(iv) Identify modalities of cooperation based on commitments to implement a post- 2015 framework for disaster risk reduction;

(v) Determine modalities for the periodic review of the implementation of a post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction.

2. During the World Conference, States also reiterated their commitment to address disaster risk reduction and the building of resilience 2 to disasters with a renewed sense of urgency within the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication, and to integrate, as appropriate, both disaster risk reduction and the building of resilience into policies, plans, programmes and budgets at all levels and to consider both within relevant frameworks.

Hyogo Framework for Action:

Lessons learned, gaps identified and future challenges:

3. Since the adoption of the Hyogo Framework for Action in 2005, as documented in national and regional progress reports on its implementation as well as in other global reports, progress has been achieved in reducing disaster risk at local, national, regional and global levels by countries and other relevant stakeholders, leading to a decrease in mortality in the case of some hazards.

Reducing disaster risk is a cost-effective investment in preventing future losses. Effective disaster risk management contributes to sustainable development. Countries have enhanced their capacities in disaster risk management. International mechanisms for strategic advice, coordination and partnership development for disaster risk reduction, such as the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction and the regional platforms for disaster risk reduction, as well as other relevant international and regional forums for cooperation, have been instrumental in the development of policies and strategies and the advancement of knowledge and mutual learning.

Overall, the Hyogo Framework for Action has been an important instrument for raising public and institutional awareness, generating political commitment and focusing and catalyzing actions by a wide range of stakeholders at all levels.

4. Over the same 10-year time frame, however, disasters have continued to exact a heavy toll, and as a result the well-being and safety of persons, communities and countries as a whole have been affected. Over 700 thousand people have lost their lives, over 1.4 million have been injured and approximately 23 million made homeless as a result of disasters.

Overall, more than 1.5 billion people have been affected by disasters in various ways, with women, children and people in vulnerable situations disproportionately affected. The total economic loss was more than $1.3 trillion. In addition, between 2008 and 2012, 144 million people were displaced by disasters.

Disasters, many of which are exacerbated by climate change and which are increasing in frequency and intensity, significantly impede progress towards sustainable development. Evidence indicates that exposure of persons and assets in all countries has increased faster than vulnerability 4 has decreased, thus generating new risks and a steady rise in disaster-related losses, with a significant economic, social, health, cultural and environmental impact in the short, medium and long term, especially at the local and community levels.

Recurring small-scale disasters and slow-onset disasters particularly affect communities, households and small and medium-sized enterprises, constituting a high percentage of all losses. All countries — especially developing countries, where the mortality and economic losses from disasters are disproportionately higher — are faced with increasing levels of possible hidden costs and challenges in order to meet financial and other obligations.

5. It is urgent and critical to anticipate, plan for and reduce disaster risk in order to more effectively protect persons, communities and countries, their livelihoods, health, cultural heritage, socio-economic assets and ecosystems, and thus strengthen their resilience.

6. Enhanced work to reduce exposure and vulnerability, thus preventing the creation of new disaster risks, and accountability for disaster risk creation are needed at all levels. More dedicated action needs to be focused on tackling underlying disaster risk drivers, such as the consequences of poverty and inequality, climate change and variability, unplanned and rapid urbanization, poor land management and compounding factors such as demographic change, weak institutional arrangements, non-risk-informed policies, lack of regulation and incentives for private disaster risk reduction investment, complex supply chains, limited availability of technology, unsustainable uses of natural resources, declining ecosystems, pandemics and epidemics.

Moreover, it is necessary to continue strengthening good governance in disaster risk reduction strategies at the national, regional and global levels and improving preparedness and national coordination for disaster response, rehabilitation and reconstruction, and to use post-disaster recovery and reconstruction to “Build Back Better”, supported by strengthened modalities of international cooperation.

7. There has to be a broader and a more people-centered preventive approach to disaster risk. Disaster risk reduction practices need to be multi-hazard and multi-sectoral, inclusive and accessible in order to be efficient and effective. While recognizing their leading, regulatory and coordination role, Governments should engage with relevant stakeholders, including women, children and youth, persons with disabilities, poor people, migrants, indigenous peoples, volunteers, the community of practitioners and older persons in the design and implementation of policies, plans and standards.

There is a need for the public and private sectors and civil society organizations, as well as academia and scientific and research institutions, to work more closely together and to create opportunities for collaboration, and for businesses to integrate disaster risk into their management practices.

8. International, regional, sub-regional and trans-boundary cooperation remains pivotal in supporting the efforts of states, their national and local authorities, as well as communities and businesses, to reduce disaster risk. Existing mechanisms may require strengthening in order to provide effective support and achieve better implementation.

Developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, small island developing States, landlocked developing countries and African countries, as well as middle- income countries facing specific challenges, need special attention and support to augment domestic resources and capabilities through bilateral and multilateral channels in order to ensure adequate, sustainable, and timely means of implementation in capacity-building, financial and technical assistance and technology transfer, in accordance with international commitments.

9. Overall, the Hyogo Framework for Action has provided critical guidance in efforts to reduce disaster risk and has contributed to the progress towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. Its implementation has, however, highlighted a number of gaps in addressing the underlying disaster risk factors, in the formulation of goals and priorities for action, 5 in the need to foster disaster resilience at all levels and in ensuring adequate means of implementation.

The gaps indicate a need to develop an action-oriented framework that Governments and relevant stakeholders can implement in a supportive and complementary manner, and which helps to identify disaster risks to be managed and guides investment to improve resilience.

10. Ten years after the adoption of the Hyogo Framework for Action, disasters continue to undermine efforts to achieve sustainable development.

11. The intergovernmental negotiations on the post-2015 development agenda, financing for development, climate change and disaster risk reduction provide the international community with a unique opportunity to enhance coherence across policies, institutions, goals, indicators and measurement systems for implementation, while respecting their respective mandates. Ensuring credible links, as appropriate, between these processes will contribute to building resilience and achieving the global goal to eradicate poverty.

12. It is recalled that the outcome of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, held in 2012, “The future we want”, called for disaster risk reduction and the building of resilience to disasters to be addressed with a renewed sense of urgency in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication and, as appropriate, to be integrated at all levels. The Conference also reaffirmed all the principles of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development.

13. Addressing climate change as one of the drivers of disaster risk, while respecting the mandate of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, represents an opportunity to reduce disaster risk in a meaningful and coherent manner throughout the interrelated intergovernmental processes.

14. Against this background, and in order to reduce disaster risk, there is a need to address existing challenges and prepare for future ones by focusing on: monitoring, assessing and understanding disaster risk and sharing such information and how it is created; strengthening disaster risk governance and coordination across relevant institutions and sectors and the full and meaningful participation of relevant stakeholders at appropriate levels; investing in the economic, social, health, cultural and educational resilience of persons, communities and countries and the environment, as well as through technology and research; enhancing multi-hazard early warning systems, preparedness, response, recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction. To complement national action and capacity, there is a need to enhance international cooperation between developed and developing countries and between States and international organizations.

15. This framework will apply to the risk of small-scale and large-scale, frequent and infrequent, sudden and slow-onset disasters caused by natural or man-made hazards, as well as related environmental, technological and biological hazards and risks. It aims to guide the multi-hazard management of disaster risk in development at all levels as well as within and across all sectors.

Yokohama Strategy for a Safer World | Strategies | Disaster Management
Institutional Framework of Disaster Management in India | Geography
Priorities Areas for Disaster Risk Reduction | Disaster Management
Disaster Warning System in India | Essay | Disaster Management

Essay , Disaster Management , Risk Reduction , Disaster Risk Reduction

Privacy Overview

Cookie	Duration	Description
cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics	11 months	This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional	11 months	The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary	11 months	This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-others	11 months	This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other.
cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance	11 months	This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance".
viewed_cookie_policy	11 months	The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data.

Paragraph Writing
Paragraph On Disaster Management

Paragraph on Disaster Management - Samples for Various Word Limits

Nature is a great gift to humanity. The beauty of nature cannot be explained in words. Due to the increasing human threats, the balance and beauty of nature are declining, resulting in various disasters like earthquakes, droughts, volcanos, etc. To save nature from destruction, the concept of disaster management has been introduced to people. Learn how to write a paragraph on disaster management by reading through the sample paragraphs given in the article.

Paragraph on disaster management in 100 words, paragraph on disaster management in 150 words, paragraph on disaster management in 200 words, paragraph on disaster management in 250 words, frequently asked questions on disaster management paragraph.

Disaster management is the organisation and use of resources to respond to such emergencies needed during the time of disasters to save lives. India is prone to various types of disasters due to its geographical conditions. Some of the major natural disasters in India are cyclones, floods, droughts, landslides, earthquakes, storms, etc. Each year, some part of the country faces a disaster, and the government takes necessary actions for the same. These disasters cause economic crises and loss of human lives. They also cause damage to a number of public and private properties resulting in hunger, unemployment, loss of lives, etc.

Disaster management is defined as the organisation and use of resources as well as duties in order to respond to various emergency circumstances, whether they are man-made or natural disasters. It focuses on preparing people for a wide range of disasters and assisting them in responding more effectively, as well as ensuring recovery and reducing the total damage. Each year the world faces a number of disasters which brings in many kinds of crises and loss of human lives. Some of the major disasters in India are the 1999 super cyclone in Odisha, the 2001 Bhuj Earthquake and the 2004 Tsunami. Whenever the country goes through such disasters, the government takes necessary actions. Disaster management forums structure and plan different methods to reduce the impact of these disasters and various ways to tackle such emergencies so that lives can be saved.

Since the very beginning of time, both man-made and natural disasters have been a part of man’s evolution. Tsunamis, cyclones, earthquakes, floods, accidents, plane crashes, forest fires, chemical disasters, and other natural disasters frequently strike without warning, resulting in widespread death and property loss. The strategies and actions implemented to repair the damage and prevent the effects of a disaster are referred to as disaster management. Disaster management focuses on reducing the impact of both natural and human-made disasters by preparing effective responses. It also includes ensuring better management of the situation, its quick appraisal, supply of necessary medical necessities and transports, supply of drinking water and food, preserving the environment from further harm and maintaining legality throughout the process. With climate change, the need for disaster management has grown even more, some of the most recent examples being the historic Australian wildfires. As a result, the earth is being dragged down by thoughtless human intervention, which has unavoidable consequences for the climate and ecology. Every country now strives to become more efficient at dealing with disasters and averting them whenever possible. Therefore, disaster management has become a necessity in the modern world.

The world is beset with calamities, some of which are catastrophic. The sad fact is that most of them are preventable. Natural calamities, for example, are unpredictable events that cause enormous damage to people and property. Natural and man-made disasters are both possible. It is essential to remediate the damage caused by these disasters. Disaster management helps in controlling and reducing the damages caused by such disasters. The technique aims to prevent disasters and mitigate the consequences of those that cannot be avoided. Some of the major disasters that have affected India are the 1999 super cyclone in Odisha, the 2001 Bhuj Earthquake, the 2004 Tsunami, etc. With time, the government has improved its disaster management methods and has saved the country from huge losses. The process of disaster management can be divided into two phases: pre-disaster planning and post-disaster recovery. This includes measures such as prevention, reduction, and planning designed to minimise the loss of lives and property as a result of a possible hazard. The second group of activities is post-disaster recovery, which comprises rescue, rehabilitation, and reconstruction. Search and rescue operations, supply of basic necessities, and prompt medical help from various authorities (like regional, national and international) are all part of the response phase. The immediate goal of the recovery phase is to return the affected areas to normalcy. It is impossible to prevent all disasters, but we can always limit the severity and empower ourselves with knowledge about management so that we can save many lives.

Why is disaster management important for the people?

Disaster management is important for people and the government to prevent the nation from the hazardous consequences of the disaster, which can be either man-made or natural. In order to reduce the effects of disasters and save numerous lives, it is essential to be aware of disaster management.

What is meant by disaster management?

Disaster management refers to the emergency remedies taken to reduce the effects of natural and man-made disasters.

ENGLISH Related Links

Register with BYJU'S & Download Free PDFs

Skip to main content
Skip to secondary menu
Skip to primary sidebar
Skip to footer

A Plus Topper

Improve your Grades

Essay on Disaster Management | Disaster Management Essay for Students and Children in English

February 13, 2024 by Prasanna

Essay on Disaster Management: Disaster management is the conservation of lives and properties during a natural disaster or a disaster made by man. It addresses various issues like flood, cyclone or spread of any diseases. It is an organization to save people from such chaos.

It acts before, during and after the disaster has taken place. It is strategic planning. It is administered and employed to protect critical infrastructure.

You can also find more Essay Writing articles on events, persons, sports, technology and many more.

Long and Short Essays on Disaster Management for Students and Kids in English

We are providing the students with essay samples of a long essay of 500 words in English and a short essay of 150 words on Disaster Management in English.

Long Essay on Disaster Management 500 Words in English

Long Essay on Disaster Management is usually given to classes 7, 8, 9, and 10. Read More: Essay On Disaster Management

Natural disasters or humanmade disasters can happen anytime. They interrupt the normal functioning of the environment and society. To bring it under immediate control, there is a need for emergency intervention to bring things under management. The effects of the disasters must be put to ease to control the situation and the properties from getting destroyed.

Disaster management is a multi-faceted program which involves saving of lives of people, animals and properties during the occurrence of a natural disaster or a disaster caused due to manmade activities. It deals with different kinds of disasters like drought, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes and landslides.

It helps to reduce the harm caused by different disasters. There are various institutions set up in India, like the National Disaster Management Authority. It is a very precise and difficult process which includes intense research and precautionary measures to combat the situation within the correct time.

Disasters affect the lives of different people, belonging to the different strata of society. Every country is prone to disasters in some way or the other. India is highly prone to disasters because of its location. India has faced a lot of disasters in the past decades. Many chunks of properties have undergone damage, and many people have lost their homes. Slums have been destroyed due to the damaging disasters. Disaster management and its organization come to the rescue, providing, guidelines and measures to save as much lives possible and to make sure that these disasters do not create a panic which can lead to more chaos among the people.

National Disaster Management Authority or (NDMA) keeps track of the upcoming natural disasters and sends out immediate responses to people. They also carry out projects like school safety projects, risk management projects. Its main aim is to spread awareness and teach people to take necessary precautions when these disasters occur.

The manifestations of nature can be both gentle and aggressive at the same time. Its ferocious side has to be managed to stop chaos and damage to lives and properties. Different organizations have opened up to control disasters and to forecast disasters so that people become aware.

There are different types of disaster managements like geophysical disaster management that deals with earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity and tsunami. Hydrological disaster management takes care of floods and avalanches. The climatological department of disaster management takes care of drought and wildfires, and the meteorological organization of disaster management manages storms, cyclones and wave surges. Epidemics and plagues are controlled and looked after by the biological section of disaster management.

Disaster management is important systems and a well-designed plan through which damages can be reduced. It is an effort by the government to tackle the unexpected situation, put forward by hazards and disasters.

The entire world has faced different types of disasters. But today it still survives, because of the efficient management systems of the disaster management organizations. Disasters can never be stopped, but the organization to manage it can be strengthened.

Short Essay on Disaster Management 150 Words in English

Short Essay on Disaster Management is usually given to classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

Disaster management is the ways and means to maintain and mitigate the disasters that have already occurred or will occur shortly. Disaster management aims at reducing or avoiding the potential losses that have occurred from the hazards and disasters like flood, earthquakes, hurricanes, cyclones, and landslides.

Disaster management and its organizations offer an effective recovery of ongoing situations with ideal measures and protections. India has its unique geographical conditions, but it has led India to be prone to many disasters. Every year India faces natural disasters. The country has suffered enormous losses due to the occurrence of these disasters.

A few disasters that occurred in India were the super cyclone in Orissa in 1999 which struck at the Indian coast killing several people. The Bhuj earthquake is a famous earthquake in Gujarat that hit a serious condition in the state. The famous Tsunami of 2004 swiped out many properties and people leaving billions of properties and lives damaged.

10 Lines on Disaster Management in English

Floods are the most frequently occurring disasters that occur every year and are managed by the organizations of disaster management.
80% of people are not aware of the home evacuation drill preached by disaster management organizations.
Natural disasters are unfortunate occurrences that cannot be fully avoided but can be reduced through various measures.
The maximum damage happened in between the years 2000 and 2012 that affected 2.9 billion people all over the world.
There are three types of disasters, hybrid, natural and manmade.
Lok Sabha passed the Disaster Management Act in the year 2005 to conserve properties during chaotic natural occurrences.
The Natural Disaster Management Authority is a part of the Ministry of Home Affairs.
The NDMA was established through the Disaster Management Act of 2005.
Chairperson of the NDMA is the Prime Minister.
To cope up with disasters, one needs to be well aware of the situation and its consequences, and protect himself with the guidelines by NDMA.

FAQ’s on Disaster Management Essay

Question 1. Name four elements of disaster management.

Answer: The four elements of disaster management are, risk reduction, being ready, response, and recovery from the damage.

Question 2. Can natural disasters be avoided?

Answer: No, it cannot be avoided, but its effects can be reduced with the necessary precautions.

Question 3. What is disaster mitigation?

Answer: It is the measures to reduce and eliminate the impacts of hazards and disasters.

Picture Dictionary
English Speech
English Slogans
English Letter Writing
English Essay Writing
English Textbook Answers
Types of Certificates
ICSE Solutions
Selina ICSE Solutions
ML Aggarwal Solutions
HSSLive Plus One
HSSLive Plus Two
Kerala SSLC
Distance Education

About Project
Testimonials

Business Management Ideas

Essay on Disaster Management

List of essays on disaster management, essay on disaster management – short essay (essay 1 – 150 words), essay on disaster management in india (essay 2 – 250 words), essay on disaster management – for school students (class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 standard) (essay 3 – 300 words), essay on disaster management (essay 4 – 400 words), essay on disaster management – written in english (essay 5 – 500 words), essay on disaster management (essay 6 – 600 words), essay on disaster management – for college and university students (essay 7 – 750 words), essay on disaster management – long essay for competitive exams like ias, ips, civil services and upsc (essay 8 – 1000 words).

It is important to note that natural disasters can happen at any time and this means that adequate measures and tools must be put in place to help battle or ease the effects and impact of disasters when they happen.

Audience: The below given essays are exclusively written for school students (Class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 standard), college and university students. Furthermore, those students preparing for competitive exams like IAS, IPS, Civil Services and UPSC can also increase their knowledge by reading these essays.

‘Disaster Management’ is a must for every country. No country is immune to disasters.

What is meant by Disaster?

Disaster is something that interrupts the normal functioning of a community; it results in a great loss of life and property that cannot be stopped or sorted out immediately. Two main types of disasters are explained below:-

Natural Disasters – These disasters are caused by nature and they are far beyond human control. Earth quakes, floods, hurricanes, tsunami are few examples.

Man-Made Disasters – These disasters are caused by humans either unknowingly or purposefully. Few examples are Fire accidents, nuclear attacks, wars, conflicts etc.,

The Importance of Disaster Management:

Disaster Management is a system or a well-designed plan by which the hazards of a disaster is reduced. It is the effort that the government takes to tackle any unexpected situation. The world has been a victim of many disasters, still it survives because of the efficient disaster management systems that every country possesses.

Conclusion:

Disasters result in damage. Disasters cannot be stopped but disaster management can be strengthened.

A disaster is an intense troubling disturbance in the working of a country and society as it usually affects a large section of the population and causes massive damage. To deal with such disasters there comes in place disaster management. India is a country prone to disasters such as floods and doubts, earthquakes, Tsunamis and landslides happening every year in different parts of the country. In fact, there is no such nation which is protected from disasters.

Disaster Management in India:

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) is the body under the Ministry of Home Affairs which has been set to deal with the disaster management in India. NDMA was formed on 30 May 2005 under the Disaster Management Act. Its duties are to lay down the policies on the steps required to be taken for disaster management and take suitable measures to help people and Government in times of disaster.

Prevention and Control in Times of Disaster:

Various exercises should be performed in case of a disaster. Disaster Management includes the coordination, direction, and full control, quick evaluation of harm, rebuilding of intensity, media transmission and surface transport, the sending of inquiry and save groups, medicals and para-medicinal groups, water for drinking and food material, setting up of transitory asylums, sanitation and cleanliness ID and reserving of assets, last yet not minimal, upkeep of lawfulness is similarly critical.

However, it must be noted that it is not the responsibility of the Government alone to help people in times of disaster. Every single individual must take a functioning part in disaster management in order to decrease the loss of life and resources.

Introduction:

Chaos, mass death of human beings and livestock, increased crime rate are some of the effects of disasters. Disasters are negative occurrences that lead to widespread panic and fear. They also cripple the society’s ability to respond to its causes.

Disasters can be natural or man-made. In both cases, they can lead to great loss of lives and properties. In extreme cases, there can be a combination of man-made and natural disasters. For instance, armed conflicts and scarcity of food. Therefore, disaster management is necessary to curb or stop immense loss and damage.

Disaster management can be in form of disaster prevention, disaster awareness, and preparation. These concepts shall be considered below.

Disaster Prevention:

Countries all over the world have adopted steps to prevent the widespread of diseases or viruses. These steps include funding of researches for the eradication of natural disasters. Other forms of fundings include food provision, provision of health care amenities etc. The latter is usually employed in economically disadvantaged areas in Africa and the Middle East.

Also, Predictions of possible natural disasters have been made possible by improved scientific researches. For instance, equipment has been developed to adequately detect earthquakes and tsunamis. This has led to growing voices for environmental consciousness. Consciousness in this sense translates to the reduction in all forms of environmental pollution.

Disaster Awareness and Preparation:

Disaster awareness is another way of curbing excesses of widespread epidemics. Members of the public need to be sensitized of the need to keep the peace, de-escalate dangerous situations and to have a safety first approach to every potential disaster.

Management of disaster is aimed at reducing death rates and suffering of a human. When successful management of all these can be attained, the impact of disasters can be mitigated. Hence, the importance of the successful management of disaster cannot be overstated.

Disaster management is often the need of the hour and it is something which people truly need to be proficient in. Owing to the inhumane anthropogenic exploitation of mother earth, the occurrence of natural disaster has increased considerably.

Whenever a calamity occur, it is important to be well prepared for it. There is a science called disaster management which helps in both prevention and mitigation of the calamity.

Can you avert disasters?

Those who practise disaster management are of the opinion that by studying the minor signs and keeping a vigilant watch, we can warn about the disaster and thereby take the right actions.

Not only this, if we start undoing the damage and do our bit to preserve the environment, a lot of natural disasters can be avoided. Disaster management specialists are of the opinion that if we regulate the use, we can cut down on disasters like global warming, flash floods, drought and so on.

The Disaster Management Mitigation:

Even the mitigation steps are taught in thorough details to those who learn the dynamics of disaster management. When you are well versed in this science, you will be equipped with the different ways by which you can handle the mitigation.

Suppose a flood has occurred, knowing how to let the water recede and to keep an eye on the changing climate so as to offer alerts for any repeat floods could be a significant help. Along with this, there are several other ways by which we can negate the effect of a disaster.

Preparedness Factor:

The best use of disaster management has to be the fact that it can help you be prepared for it. Often the finest experts would launch a warning signal and thereby guide people about the right measures to be taken.

However for this to work, it is important to be watchful and vigilant. Sometimes, the calamities can strike without much of a forewarning and this in turn can create even more havoc.

The bottom line as stated by most disaster management experts is to start taking care of the environment which is the key reason for our survival. When you are doing your bit, you will find that nature will take care of its own as well. Of course, some calamities may strike from time to time but we can definitely cut down their instances significantly by nurturing and protecting this unique environment.

The world is faced by disaster, some are severe while some are manageable. Disasters are abrupt accidents that cause massive destruction of life and property including natural calamities. Disasters can either be natural or man-made. These disaster need emergency management to rehabilitate the damage caused. The management is done to contain the damage and to control the hazards of the disaster through a process of disaster management. The process is aimed at preventing disaster and mitigating the inevitable disasters. India is vulnerable to disaster like floods, droughts, landslide and earthquake. The disaster management efforts by Indian government have greatly improved over the years.

The Process of Disaster Management:

The process is divided into four phases of disaster management. The first phase is mitigation whereby the occurrence possibility of a disaster or the adverse effects need to be minimized. The actions include public education on the nature of the disaster and how they can prepare to protect themselves and the structural construction projects. These projects are aimed at minimizing loss of lives and destruction of property by the anticipated disaster.

Preparedness is the second phase of disaster management where the goal is to strengthen readiness to handle emergencies through programs by government. The preparedness is mostly directed towards lifesaving activities. Preparedness involves drafting of plans, developing communication systems, public education and exercises. The third phase is response where the disaster management team enacts the plans to maintain lives and reduce the numbers of affected population. The response is done by providing transport, shelter and food to the affected population. The damage is contained by repairs and temporary solutions are sought e.g., temporary residence for the affected population.

The final phase of disaster management is recovery. This is usually after the disaster has settled and damage has already been done. In recovery, the team tries to restore the livelihood of people and the infrastructure. Recovery is done either short term or long term. The aim is to restore a normal or better livelihood for the affected population. Health safety is emphasized during public education. Recovery phase enables the disaster management to transition into long-term solutions.

Challenges in Disaster Management:

The management of disaster is a challenging process and some deficiencies are encountered. In some countries, the specific hazards and disasters are not clear and so the government is unable to deploy disaster management in an unknown disaster. There is also the aspect of inadequacies when it comes to the technical and framework capability of a nation. Disaster management frameworks require support from the government. Although disaster management process involves public education, there is no aspect of psychological counselling for individuals because of the high population. People tend to suffer post-traumatic stress and psychiatric diseases.

Disaster management is an important activity and it should be adopted by countries in order to prevent the inevitable disasters and reduce the adverse effects of disasters. However, there are limitations of disaster management that reduce the capability of successful implementation of the strategies.

Disaster management is an important issue for modern life in the many populated cities of the world. Discovering the importance of proper disaster management is beneficial for all students who want to major in some aspect of urban planning or public health. The precise protocol for disaster management depends on the source of the disaster and everything you plan and do also depends on this factor.

Disaster Management for Natural Disasters:

One of the most predominant sources of potentially hazardous situations for human life and living are natural disasters, however, most people living in areas that are at risk know the proper disaster management for such situations. Natural disasters can be caused by any natural factor like the rain, or drought and they usually require from the community to prepare in advance for the disaster management. Sometimes no one can prepare for a surprise attack from nature and then the affected people need to improvise in their disaster management, this approach is avoided in all situations except in those that could not be avoided.

Disaster Management for Environmental Emergencies:

Disaster management in environmental emergencies is somewhat different than the previous one. First, of all, because these emergencies are caused by human factors like problems in the industry and transport so the designed disaster management has to be adapted for those situations. The additional factor is the fact that this type of disaster management usually requires the use and disposal of dangerous and poisonous chemicals.

Disaster Management for Complex Emergencies:

Disaster management in complex emergencies often requires the authorities to resolve social issues because of a break down in social order. Such situations can be dangerous for people’s lives because a general state of anarchy could break out and disaster management can become a bloody and vicious affair. Recently disaster management in complex political and social situations strives towards the implementation of weapons and tools that can do less physical harm when they are used and instead cause pain for the recipient.

Disaster Management for Pandemic:

Pandemics create a need for a special type of disaster management because of the presence of virulent microorganisms. Usually, pandemics cause health issues for the general public and they are addressed through medical means and with the aid of doctors. Disaster management in a pandemic should abide by strict protocol because there can be many sources of infection and the entire process would be additionally complicated if the medical workers get infected as well.

Disaster Management for Emergency Management:

All of the above-mentioned situations where disaster management is needed can be resolved by following four simple steps. So, even if we are not trained for a certain type of disaster, we can still get a good idea of what we have to do if such a situation does happen.

The first step is mitigation that is to get rid of the source of the disaster or reduce its impact. Preparedness is the best way and if you know a certain situation could come up make sure you have all that you need to get out of it. One more benefit is to train yourself with the right response for the emergency you are in. Finally, you have to think about recovery and finding ways to help people who might be in a worst position than you.

Disaster management is a complex process and sometimes it needs a lot of preparation, therefore everyone who knows they can end up in such an emergency position better do the smart thing and prepare in advance. The best thing is not to be surprised and to know the right things to do, however sometimes we can end up in a situation that we were not prepared for, that is when we need to keep a cool head, analyze the type of the disaster and follow these simple steps and we can make it out with the least amount of stress.

Disaster management has become very important and necessary in the world we live in today. A disaster can simply be said to be the extreme disruption of the functioning and workings of a habitat which causes varying degrees of environmental, material or human losses that are way more than the capacity and capability of the population that is affected to cope with employing its very own resources. Earthquakes, landslides, cyclones, tsunamis, floods and droughts are all some of the many examples of the disruptions know as disasters.

The disaster management is a discipline through which human beings do their very best to limit the feel of the damage caused by disasters. A disaster can sometimes be said to mean a situation that is very catastrophic where the usual pattern in life and the ecosystem is disturbed and there is a need for an emergency intervention to preserve and save lives or the environment. It is important to note that natural disasters can happen at any time and this means that adequate measures and tools must be put in place to help battle or ease the effects and impact of disasters when they happen.

Types of Disasters:

Basically, disasters are widely divided into two types namely:

1. Natural disasters

2. Manmade disasters

1. Natural Disaster:

This is a natural occurrence or a process that leads to the loss of many lives, causes injuries and other forms of health hazards, leads to the damage and loss of properties, loss of means of livelihood, causes a great damage to the environment and causes serious disruption to economic and social activities. Natural disasters include landslides, earthquakes, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, blizzards, floods, cyclones and tsunamis.

2. Manmade Disaster:

Another name for the manmade disaster is complex emergency and it is as a result of major events like oil spills, fires, looting, transport accidents, nuclear radiations or explosions, terrorist attacks wars and so many more. Manmade disasters are sometimes the outcome of various technological hazards.

Effects of Disasters:

The indirect or direct impact or effect of disasters is always very dangerous, damaging and destructive. Human lives are lost, infrastructures that are in place are either damaged or destroyed, livestock and plants that are sources of food are destroyed during disasters. The losses and impacts of disasters can be felt for a lot of years and it might take a long period of time to move on from a particular disaster.

The Impacts of the Activities of Human Beings on Disasters (Natural Disasters):

Scientists and researchers have discovered and put forward that urbanisation, industrialisation and modernisation are negatively affecting the environment. As a result of the exploitation of the environment (nature), a lot of natural disasters like landslides and earthquakes are being created and their levels are being increased to a stage where they cause a large amount of loss of properties, animals and most importantly human life. Due to this, we need to take care our environment and take measures to battle global warming and climate change which are primary causes of some natural disasters like flooding and drought.

Disaster Management:

This is a non-stop act of trying to reduce the effect of disasters. Disaster management needs coordinated and collective efforts as just one person can’t do it. Some of the steps that should be taken when a disaster occurs include control and command, coordination, power restoration, quick assessment of the perceived damage, surface transport and telecommunication, the deployment of teams for search and rescue, availability of Para-medical and medical team, provision of food material and good drinking water, making temporary shelters available, hygiene and sanitation identification and the setting aside of resources, most importantly is the total maintenance of the given laws and also order.

The group of people most affected by and most susceptible to disaster are those that are poor. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to always be prepared for disasters and swiftly move into action any time they happen because it is necessary that we give rescue operations and immediate relief that can go a long way in saving a number of human beings and stop further damages to lives and properties as a result of the disaster.

Disaster management has become most of the most important things today as it enables us handle and curtail unforeseen situations effectively and efficiently. We must be ready and well equipped with all of the latest technologies and developments. Even though disaster management and all of its steps and processes can’t help prevent a disaster, they can go a long way to ensure that the effect and impacts of the disaster are not really felt.

Disaster management is the applied science or field of planning proper strategies to minimize the risk of future disasters while making ways to effectively deal with the damages caused by the occurred disasters.

The type of disaster management put into effect largely depends on the type of disaster. Disaster management also varies on other factors, such as direct and indirect impacts of any disaster.

Disaster management covers both natural and man-made disasters. Needless to say, most of the natural disasters occurring today are also an indirect result of human activities.

The natural disasters can be listed as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, cyclones, lightning, drought, floods, and forest fires, etc. The man-made disasters are any electrical, fire, road, or oil-spilling accident that cause demolition. The nuclear explosion, global warming, chemical warfare, etc., also fall under the category of man-made disasters.

Need for Disaster Management:

The disaster management is not just to handle the consequences of a calamity. In fact, disaster management is equally about the prevention of future catastrophe. That is why it becomes essential to first understand the root cause of the problem.

According to the disaster management data, the biggest cause for natural calamities such as the earthquake, floods, cyclones, etc., is deforestation. When trees are cut, the soil is devoid of their roots which are responsible for holding the soil together. The loose soil is less capable of absorbing water and the situation ends up with frequent cases of drought.

Cutting of forests also increases earth’s temperature which leads to global warming. Loose soil is more likely to break down and get washed away by the river waters. Consequently, it gives rise to floods and earthquake, another high priority situation for disaster management.

Man-made disasters are truly a sign of selfishness and instant gratification. Deforestation for the purpose of creating homes and industries reflects the short-sightedness of human race. It is the central point for all the disasters and something that has generated loads of work to do for the disaster management.

Impacts of Disasters on Earth:

Whether natural or man-made, disasters don’t take sides when it comes to destruction. In spite of the desperate efforts by the disaster management organizations, millions of people all over the world, die every year due to one or other calamity.

Thanks to the man-made adversities, the pollution levels of air, water, and soil have reached a whole new level. The humongous natural disasters result in the loss of countless lives. Nations suffer the damages of property, food resources, and falling economies due to various natural disasters.

Apart from the deaths of human beings, forest fires, and cyclones, etc., disasters also cause the killings and extinction of many animal and plant species. Another great factor that leads to extinction of precious fauna is the human activity of poaching and hunting.

In the olden times, the man used to hunt animals for food and protection from heat. But now, it has turned into a selfish, dark business. From whales to elephants, rhinos, and turtles, all kinds of animal species are facing the blow and their numbers are decreasing in a sharp way.

The corals and sea phytoplanktons which play a great role in the air purification of the whole planet are bleaching and shrinking down due to the polluting activities of human beings.

Role of Disaster Management:

Disaster management is specialized in dealing with all sorts of damages. If we look at the past incidents, disaster management has been an indispensable factor in tackling with the detrimental effects of Hiroshima Nagasaki bomb blasts. The 1986 Chernobyl accident in Russia is still under the disaster management process.

In India, disaster management got into action on multiple occasions. Whether it was an earthquake in Gujarat, the cyclone in Orissa, the floods in Maharashtra, Bhopal gas tragedy, and several other incidents as we recall, time and again, we have relied on the workings and aids of disaster management to overcome the wounding situations.

Indian Agencies for Disaster Management:

In India, on 23 December 2005, the Rajya Sabha passed the Disaster Management Act, 2005. The same Disaster Management act was approved and passed on 12 December 2005 by the Lok Sabha. Not much later, i.e., on 9 January 2006, the Disaster Management Act, 2005, got the permission of The President of India and became valid all over the country.

In addition to that, we also have a National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) in India. National Disaster Management Authority is an agency of the Ministry of Home Affairs. Its main objective is to regulate the actions and aids to natural or man-made disasters. The same agency also works for the capacity-building in disaster resiliency and tackling of the crisis.

National Disaster Framework, in India, is another approach to effective disaster management. Its function is to incorporate institutional mechanisms, disaster prevention plan, an early warning system, readiness and response, and human resource development.

The other disaster management agencies in India are National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), and Central Water Commission (CWC), etc. We also have an exclusive funding system called the National Disaster Management Fund (NDMF) for the disaster mitigation purpose.

Our Individual Role in Disaster Management:

Contribution toward disaster management is every individual’s responsibility. It is not a mere task and business of an agency. Disasters happen to leave an impact on our daily lives and turn it upside down. It is just a pity excuse to say that we as individuals have whatsoever no reason to be concerned with the disaster management.

On the surface, it looks quite insignificant but every little step of a person, such as planting trees, living a healthy life, and making the earth greener, can prove to be really helpful in disaster management.

After all, it is we together that have caused the various calamities. For most parts, even natural disasters are the results of man-made activities which give rise to the need for disaster management.

Disaster , Disaster Management

Get FREE Work-at-Home Job Leads Delivered Weekly!

Join more than 50,000 subscribers receiving regular updates! Plus, get a FREE copy of How to Make Money Blogging!

Message from Sophia!

Like this post? Don’t forget to share it!

Here are a few recommended articles for you to read next:

Essay on Drought
Which is More Important in Life: Love or Money | Essay
Essay on My School
Essay on Solar Energy

No comments yet.

Leave a reply click here to cancel reply..

You must be logged in to post a comment.

Billionaires

Donald Trump
Warren Buffett
Email Address
Free Stock Photos
Keyword Research Tools
URL Shortener Tools
WordPress Theme

Book Summaries

How To Win Friends
Rich Dad Poor Dad
The Code of the Extraordinary Mind
The Luck Factor
The Millionaire Fastlane
The ONE Thing
Think and Grow Rich
100 Million Dollar Business
Business Ideas

Digital Marketing

Mobile Addiction
Social Media Addiction
Computer Addiction
Drug Addiction
Internet Addiction
TV Addiction
Healthy Habits
Morning Rituals
Wake up Early
Cholesterol
Reducing Cholesterol
Fat Loss Diet Plan
Reducing Hair Fall
Sleep Apnea
Weight Loss

Internet Marketing

Email Marketing

Law of Attraction

Subconscious Mind
Vision Board
Visualization

Law of Vibration

Professional Life

Motivational Speakers

Bob Proctor
Robert Kiyosaki
Vivek Bindra
Inner Peace

Productivity

Not To-do List
Project Management Software
Negative Energies

Relationship

Getting Back Your Ex

Self-help 21 and 14 Days Course

Self-improvement.

Body Language
Complainers
Emotional Intelligence
Personality

Social Media

Project Management
Anik Singal
Baba Ramdev
Dwayne Johnson
Jackie Chan
Leonardo DiCaprio
Narendra Modi
Nikola Tesla
Sachin Tendulkar
Sandeep Maheshwari
Shaqir Hussyin

Website Development

Wisdom post, worlds most.

Expensive Cars

Our Portals: Gulf Canada USA Italy Gulf UK

Privacy Overview

Cookie	Duration	Description
cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics	11 months	This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional	11 months	The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary	11 months	This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-others	11 months	This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other.
cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance	11 months	This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance".
viewed_cookie_policy	11 months	The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data.

Spoken English

Verbal Ability

NCERT Solutions

The world is racked by disasters, some of which are awful yet controllable. Natural disasters, for instance, can be sudden events which cause significant destruction to property and lives. They can happen naturally, or humans can cause them. The emergency management process is essential to fix the damages caused by these catastrophes. With the process of disaster management, it is possible to limit the damage, and the dangers of the incident can be managed. The process is targeted at warding off disasters and reducing the consequences of events that cannot be avoided. Landslides, flooding, droughts and earthquakes are a major threat to India. The Indian government's disaster-management measures have significantly improved over the years.

Tornadoes may strike with little or no warning, leaving people in the affected areas with no time to seek shelter. Many suffer from emotional distress because of the sudden nature of tornadoes and intense storms. Insomniac anxiety, sleeplessness and other symptoms of depression are typical reactions to natural disasters.

. This causes an intense shaking of the earth that could last anywhere between a few seconds to several minutes. A mild initial shaking could get more intense and eventually turn violent. Earthquakes are fairly common, and they occur almost all the time in different parts of the world. Some areas are more prone to experiencing earthquakes than others. Even small earthquakes that result in small damage or destruction could cause anxiety for individuals (especially in regions that aren't used to the occurrences). Aftershocks can last over a period of time following an earthquake and are just as painful.

. Every year, hurricanes affect millions of people who live on the Atlantic as well as the Gulf coasts. They are known to cause destruction of life and property and create mental stress on their victims. Prior to or during, and after these kinds of storms, individuals typically experience intense anxiety, constant worry as well as sleep problems, along with other symptoms of depression.

. Floods can be caused by many circumstances, including hurricanes, tropical storms, dams that are broken or levees, or flash floods that occur within minutes or hours after torrential rain. Although flooding is more prevalent near the shoreline, particularly during hurricane season, it may be experienced anywhere differing in size and length. Even small gullies, streams and creeks which appear unaffected during dry weather could be flood-prone.

Drought is a frequent regular meteorological phenomenon that can vary in its severity and duration according to the region in which it occurs. Drought is when the amount of precipitation falls lower than average for a prolonged period of time, typically for a season or more. It can also result from an inability to catch up with the rainy season or the rain timing with respect to the growth of the crop.

Landslides are a common occurrence in certain regions of the world, especially hilly and mountainous areas. And depending on the dimensions, they have the potential to cause massive destruction. Landslides can result from various causes, including volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and torrential rains. Scientists are able to predict the slopes that are prone to landslides, but predicting the exact date of the occurrence of landslides isn't always possible due to the variety of elements involved in the formation of landslides.

With proper implementation and structured action, we can prevent or lessen the impact of natural or man-made disasters. There are certain stages involving the cycle of a disaster management plan which incorporate policies and emergency responses required for a prospectively complete recovery. The stages are -

The best way to manage catastrophes is to take a proactive approach to their prevention rather than hurrying to find a cure. This means recognising the risks that could be present and establishing infrastructure that can reduce the impact. This phase of the management cycle is the establishment of permanent measures to limit the risk of disaster. Implementing an evacuation plan at an institution, teaching the teachers to lead students to secure structures in case of the occurrence of a fire, tornado or earthquake and preparing a solid foundation for skyscrapers with high rises to be ready for earthquakes and designing the city in a manner which reduces the possibility of flooding are a few examples of the measures taken to reduce the risk of disaster.

Mitigation is the primary and foremost effort to protect human lives during the time of the disaster or their recovery following the effects. The actions taken may be both structural as well as non-structural. The structural mitigation options could involve changing the physical attributes of a building or surrounding area to reduce the effect, such as taking down the trees that surround your home and ensuring that storms do not destroy the trees and then send them flying into your house. Non-structural measures may include modifying the local or building codes to improve safety and reduce the risk of accidents happening.

It is a procedure that includes a social group where the educated or the chief of the entire community, organisations and institutions present the strategy that is expected to be carried out in any catastrophe. It's a continuous process based on the anticipation of an event and involves training as well as evaluating and taking corrective measures with the greatest degree of alertness. A few examples of such actions include fire drills, shooter drills, and evacuation exercises.

The response is an action that is taken after the catastrophe is over to salvage some life from the disaster. It involves both long-term and short-term actions. In ideal circumstances, the leader of disaster management will oversee the use of resources during the process of restoration and reduce the possibility of any further property loss. In this phase, the region affected by the catastrophe is cleared of any debris that creates a risk to humans or the environment. As an example, the evacuation of the city of Chernobyl, Ukraine, after the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster is a response to a disaster.

The fifth step in planning for disasters is the rehabilitation phase. This may take years to take place. The greater mass of a city is often a part of the reconstruction following the effects of a catastrophe. The most famous example could be one of the Hiroshima as well as Nagasaki nuclear explosions in Japan. The residents of these cities took many years to recover from the human-caused catastrophe. The after-effects are still visible there. There was a long period of work to stabilise the region and restore vital personal or community activities. The recovery phase prioritises the necessities of humans, like drinking water, food transport, utilities, and healthcare, over other services that are less essential. In the end, this stage is about working with communities, individuals and companies to assist one another to restore the normal or adjust to a new normal, as in the Covid-19 pandemic.

. It is an independent, autonomous and constitutionally-established institution dealing with every concern related to disaster management in the nation.

The NDMA creates and enforces national disaster policies at the federal and provisional levels. It also works closely with various ministries of the government as well as military forces and United Nations organisations based in the country in coordinating efforts to carry out disaster management such as search and rescue and other humanitarian operations both in the country and overseas. The NDMA aims to build a sustainable operational capacity and has the skills to carry out its humanitarian missions at maximum capability.

Each member is assigned an established functional domain that spans several states, as well as disaster-specific regions of concern and focus.

The catastrophe has had direct and indirect repercussions on human life and has been devastating. There have been deaths as well as losses of stock. Natural disasters are inevitable regardless of the methods in place to prevent or predict their effects; we can't stop the possibility of them occurring. In the process of preparing our plans for managing the emergency, the most effective thing to do is to stop the actions which are harmful to the environment and cause their degradation. When a catastrophe strikes, it causes massive destruction and death. When there is an event like floods, earthquakes or other natural catastrophes, the majority of people are forced to flee, and a significant number of people are killed due to it. The real emergency is initiated by providing first aid to injured people and rescue efforts for those who have been affected. To minimise the risk of human life, active participation by everyone is required in the disaster management process.

The handling of natural disasters is an arduous job with a number of shortcomings to be identified. Because the particular hazards and catastrophes that occur in certain nations aren't fully understood, the government is not able to implement disaster management in the case of an unexpected catastrophe. It's also a matter of a nation's technical capacity being inadequate. The government's support is needed to implement disaster management frameworks. Because of the huge population of the country, the disaster management strategy is based on public education. However, there isn't any psychological counselling for people. The more vulnerable people are likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder and mental illness.

. Some people can have the edge over others in the management and control of disasters. Still, everyone can learn some basic skills that can come in handy if an emergency situation arises. Pandemics can train us, as a community, to deal with catastrophes and also pressurise various organisations to introduce infrastructural changes in order to prevent damage from calamities like earthquakes, floods etc.

This also calls for organising evacuation drills in schools, communities and other institutions so that people can reach a safe place without any chaos. Acting responsibly and being equipped, as individuals and as a community, can greatly help us minimise the effect of natural disasters and prevent any loss of life. Responsible citizens are well-versed with the steps to be taken in case of such a situation.

Disaster management aims at reducing human suffering that occurs as a result of natural disasters. If the government and the citizens take adequate steps both, then safety in the face of calamities can be ensured, and destruction can be avoided to a great extent.

Send your Feedback to [email protected]

Help Others, Please Share

Learn Latest Tutorials

Transact-SQL

Reinforcement Learning

R Programming

React Native

Python Design Patterns

Python Pillow

Python Turtle

Preparation

Interview Questions

Company Questions

Trending Technologies

Artificial Intelligence

Cloud Computing

Data Science

Machine Learning

B.Tech / MCA

Data Structures

Operating System

Computer Network

Compiler Design

Computer Organization

Discrete Mathematics

Ethical Hacking

Computer Graphics

Software Engineering

Web Technology

Cyber Security

C Programming

Control System

Data Mining

Data Warehouse

भाषा : हिंदी
Classroom Courses
Our Selections
Student Login
About NEXT IAS
Director’s Desk
Advisory Panel
Faculty Panel
General Studies Courses
Optional Courses
Interview Guidance Program
Postal Courses
Test Series
Current Affairs
Student Portal

Prelims Analytica
CSE (P) 2024 Solutions
Pre Cum Main Foundation Courses
1 Year GSPM Foundation Course
2 Year Integrated GSPM Foundation Course: Elevate
3 Year Integrated GSPM Foundation Course: EDGE
2 Year GSPM Foundation with Advanced Integrated Mentorship (FAIM)
Mentorship Courses
1 Year Advanced Integrated Mentorship (AIM)
Early Start GS Courses
1 Year GS First Step
Mains Specific
Mains Advance Course (MAC) 2024
Essay Guidance Program cum Test Series 2024
Ethics Enhancer Course 2024
Prelims Specific
Weekly Current Affairs Course 2025
Current Affairs for Prelims (CAP) 2025
CSAT Course 2025
CSAT EDGE 2025
Optional Foundation Courses
Mathematics
Anthropology
Political Science and International Relations (PSIR)
Optional Advance Courses
Political Science & International Relations (PSIR)
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Interview Guidance Programme / Personality Test Training Program
GS + CSAT Postal Courses
Current Affairs Magazine – Annual Subscription
GS+CSAT Postal Study Course
First Step Postal Course
Postal Study Course for Optional Subjects
Prelims Test Series for CSE 2025 (Offline/Online)
General Studies
GS Mains Test Series for CSE 2024
Mains Test Series (Optional)
PSIR (Political Science & International Relations)
Paarth PSIR
PSIR Answer Writing Program
PSIR PRO Plus Test Series
Mathematics Year Long Test Series (MYTS) 2024
Indian Economic Services
ANUBHAV (All India Open Mock Test)
ANUBHAV Prelims (GS + CSAT)
ANUBHAV Mains
Headlines of the Day
Daily Current Affairs
Editorial Analysis
Monthly MCQ Compilation
Monthly Current Affairs Magazine
Previous Year Papers
Down to Earth
Kurukshetra
Union Budget
Economic Survey
Download NCERTs
NIOS Study Material
Beyond Classroom
Toppers’ Copies
Disaster Management

Disaster Management: Types, Steps & Measures

Disaster Management encompasses the process of preparing for, responding to, and learning from the consequences of such major failures. It involves dealing with the human, material, economic, and environmental effects caused by a specific disaster.

As per the United Nations, a disaster refers to a significant disruption that hampers the functioning of a community or society. It entails extensive impacts on people, property, the economy, or the environment, surpassing the capacity of the affected community to manage using its own resources.

Types of Disaster

Disasters can take various forms and profoundly disrupt communities, leading to significant consequences for individuals, property, businesses, and the environment. They often test a community’s ability to cope.

Human-caused disasters, resulting from human errors, include incidents like industrial explosions or structural failures. Natural disasters stem from physical occurrences such as earthquakes and droughts. Complex disasters may involve epidemics or armed conflicts.

Disasters can be categorized into different types:

These include floods, hailstorms, cloudbursts, cyclones, heat waves, cold waves, droughts, and hurricanes.

This category encompasses landslides, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tornadoes.

These are disasters caused by human activities, such as urban and forest fires, oil spills, and the collapse of large structures.

This type involves viral outbreaks, pest invasions, livestock epidemics, and locust plagues.

They encompass chemical and industrial mishaps, mining shaft fires, and oil spills.

This category includes nuclear core meltdowns and radiation-related burns and illnesses.

Steps in Disaster Management

It is about organizing and managing resources to deal with emergencies. It includes being prepared, responding to the situation, and recovering from it in order to minimize the impact of disasters.

The goal is to prevent hazards from turning into disasters and to reduce the loss of life and property. It involves planning and taking steps before, during, and after a disaster. This includes preparing for disasters, implementing effective response systems, and building resilient communities.

The three main steps:

1) This phase focuses on taking action before a disaster occurs. The main purpose is to mitigate human loss. It involves developing information systems, mobilizing resources, assessing risks, issuing warnings through various communication channels, and ensuring the safe transportation of people to secure locations.

2) This phase is crucial and depends on the preparedness done in the pre-disaster phase. It involves taking quick action to help victims in disaster-prone areas, ensuring their safety by relocating them to secure areas, and providing essential needs like food, clothing, and healthcare.

3)
In this phase, the focus is on rebuilding and reconstructing the affected areas. The administration is responsible for providing assistance to affected people, including employment or compensation.

Several Agencies are Involved in Disaster Management in India

National Disaster Management Authority ( NDMA ): It is the apex body for disaster management in India, led by the Prime Minister. It supervises and controls the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).
National Executive Committee (NEC): It consists of high-profile ministers from the Indian government. The NEC is responsible for implementing the National Plan for Disaster Management as per the National Policy on Disaster Management.
State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA): Each state has its own SDMA, headed by the Chief Minister. The SDMA works with a State Executive Committee (SEC) to assist in disaster management at the state level.
District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA): The DDMA is led by the District Collector or equivalent authority and includes elected representatives from the local government. Its role is to ensure that guidelines from the NDMA and SDMA are followed at the district level.
Local Authorities: Local authorities, such as Panchayati Raj Institutions, Municipalities, and Town Planning Authorities, are responsible for controlling and managing civic services in their respective areas.

Measures to Prevent and Mitigate Disasters

Prevention and mitigation of disasters is an important part of the process of management of disasters. Some of the measures are:

Critical Infrastructure Safety: Regular checks should be conducted on critical infrastructure such as roads, dams, bridges, and power stations to ensure they meet safety standards and are fortified if necessary.
Environmentally Sustainable Development: Environmental considerations and developmental efforts should go hand in hand to ensure sustainability.
Climate Change Adaptation: The challenges posed by climate change, including the increased frequency and intensity of natural disasters, should be addressed through strategies that focus on adaptation and risk reduction.
Risk Assessment and Vulnerability Mapping: Using tools like Geographic Information System (GIS), mapping and vulnerability analysis should be conducted to identify high-risk areas and develop strategies to address them.
Urban Planning and Development: Preventing unplanned urbanization and focusing on maintaining natural drainage systems can help reduce the impact of disasters in urban areas.

By implementing these measures, India can better prepare for and mitigate the effects of disasters, making communities safer and more resilient.

Disaster management occupies an important place in India’s policy framework as it is the poor and the underprivileged who are worst affected on account of calamities/disasters.

Disasters retard socio-economic development, further, impoverish the impoverished and lead to diversion of scarce resources from development to rehabilitation and reconstruction. Due to all these factors India has invested resources in mitigation and adaptation resources.

What is the Aim of Disaster Management?

The aim of disaster management is to reduce the impact of disasters and minimize the loss of life, property, and infrastructure. It focuses on preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation to enhance the resilience of communities and ensure effective coordination among various stakeholders during emergencies.

How is Disaster Management Done in India?

In India, the management of disasters is carried out through a multi-tiered approach. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) formulates policies and guidelines at the national level. State-level and district-level disaster management authorities implement these policies and coordinate disaster response efforts.

They conduct risk assessments, develop disaster management plans, conduct awareness campaigns, establish early warning systems, and coordinate rescue and relief operations during disasters.

What are the Different Types of Disaster Management in India?

The different types of disaster management in India encompass both natural and man-made disasters. Natural disasters include floods, cyclones, earthquakes, droughts, landslides, and avalanches. Man-made disasters encompass industrial accidents, chemical spills, nuclear incidents, terrorist attacks, and other emergencies arising from human activities.

What type of Disaster is Most Important in India?

While all types of disasters are significant in India, natural disasters like floods, cyclones, and earthquakes pose substantial challenges due to the country’s geography, population density, and climate variability.

These disasters can cause significant loss of life, displacement of people, damage to infrastructure, and disruption to the economy. Efforts to manage and mitigate these natural disasters are crucial to protecting lives and ensuring the long-term resilience of communities in India.

Featured Post

NEXT IAS (Delhi)

Old rajinder nagar.

27-B, Pusa Road, Metro Pillar no.118, Near Karol Bagh Metro, New Delhi-110060

Mukherjee Nagar

1422, Main Mukherjee Nagar Road. Near Batra Cinema New Delhi-110009

NEXT IAS (Jaipur)

NEXT IAS - Plot No - 6 & 7, 3rd Floor, Sree Gopal Nagar, Gopalpura Bypass, Above Zudio Showroom Jaipur (Rajasthan) - 302015

NEXT IAS (Prayagraj)

31/31, Sardar Patel Marg, Civil Lines, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh - 211001

NEXT IAS (Bhopal)

Plot No. 46 Zone - 2 M.P Nagar Bhopal - 462011
8827664612 ,

English that goes straight to the heart

Importance of Disaster Management Essay

It is necessary to set up independent teams for each anticipated disaster, based on the preparation and capacity of individuals, to empower them to handle the situation with skill.

In this post, we present you with an essay on the Importance of Disaster Management.

Importance of Disaster Management Essay (350+ Words)

People and properties are being struck by numerous disasters, causing great loss, and we are helpless because there is no prior management planning. Despite spending a lot of money on various issues, governments are not interested in preparing for anticipated disasters.

During a disaster, poor management fails to handle the situation effectively. However, with early preparation and effective management, the situation can be controlled, and the outcomes can be minimized. To achieve trustworthy disaster management, certain essential norms must be followed, such as good training, the latest equipment, allocation of responsibilities, alertness, drills to handle situations on short notice, fast communication systems, economic arrangements, and order of precedence depending on the situation, security arrangements, adequate medical cover, rehabilitation when necessary, and standing orders for essential services such as transport, food, supplies, medicines, and more.

Disasters generally occur due to natural causes or accidents.

Daily Test - Attempt Now

Disasters caused by natural reasons are usually widespread and more severe, requiring more extensive arrangements such as appropriate establishment and infrastructure. Meanwhile, accidental disasters need limited arrangements, but time is crucial in executing rescue operations.

Our nation has experienced enormous disasters caused by various accidental occurrences, including accidents involving planes and buses, mine blasts, mishandling of ammunition scraps leading to explosions, accidents during nuclear substance handling and disposal, hijacking, and more. It is necessary to establish disaster management forces to manage the circumstances and salvage people and materials as quickly as possible.

Developed countries like America, Britain, and France have previously included disaster management as a subject in schools and universities, with the aim of training and equipping students to handle emergency situations. Other countries should follow a similar arrangement to prepare every resident to face and effectively battle difficulties during any disaster.

Students should be prepared through training, drills, or practice to develop more confidence in dealing with circumstances on the ground. In today’s world, it is essential to have precautionary measures and adequate disaster management forces to tackle emergency situations as disasters increase due to the virtual effect of scientific advancement.

You Asked, We Listened – Get Free Access to All Writing Lists 😍😍

Paragraph on Science and Technology

Paragraph on Science

Career counselling Paragraph

Daily reading comprehension test - attempt now, discover more from english luv.

Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.

Type your email…

Home / Essay Samples / Environment / Natural Disasters / When Disaster Strikes: The Vital Role of Preparedness

When Disaster Strikes: The Vital Role of Preparedness

Category: Environment , World
Topic: Natural Disasters , Natural Environment , Philippines

Pages: 2 (747 words)

Downloads: -->

--> ⚠️ Remember: This essay was written and uploaded by an--> click here.

Found a great essay sample but want a unique one?

are ready to help you with your essay

You won’t be charged yet!

Deforestation Essays

Littering Essays

Texas Essays

New York City Essays

Florida Essays

Related Essays

We are glad that you like it, but you cannot copy from our website. Just insert your email and this sample will be sent to you.

By clicking “Send”, you agree to our Terms of service and Privacy statement . We will occasionally send you account related emails.

Your essay sample has been sent.

In fact, there is a way to get an original essay! Turn to our writers and order a plagiarism-free paper.

samplius.com uses cookies to offer you the best service possible.By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .--> -->

Disaster Management Essay

Essay on Disaster Management

Stages of Disaster Management

How to Act as a Responsible Person During a Time of Disaster?

FAQs on Disaster Management Essay

45,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. Take the first step today

Essay on Disaster Management in 500 Words

Paragraph on Disaster Management

Shiva Tyagi

Connect With Us

Need help with?

Country Preference

Which English test are you planning to take?

When are you planning to take the exam?

Which Degree do you wish to pursue?

What is your budget to study abroad?

Make your study abroad dream a reality in January 2022 with

Essex Direct Admission Day

Essay on Disaster Management

100 Words Essay on Disaster Management

The Importance of Disaster Management

Steps in Disaster Management

Role of Everyone

250 Words Essay on Disaster Management

The Cycle of Disaster Management

Importance of Disaster Management

Challenges in Disaster Management

500 Words Essay on Disaster Management

Phases of Disaster Management

Preparedness

Role of Technology in Disaster Management

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Essay on Disaster Management

Disaster Management

The Phases of Disaster Management

1. Mitigation

2. Preparedness

3. Response

4. Recovery

Challenges in Disaster Management

The Role of Technology in Disaster Management

Community Participation in Disaster Management

Geography Notes

Essay on Disaster Risk Reduction

Essay # 1. Introduction to Disaster Risk Reduction:

Essay # 2. World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction:

Essay # 3. Priorities for Action of Disaster Risk Reduction (2005-2015):

Essay # 4. Implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction :

Essay # 5. Princi ples of Disaster Risk Reduction:

Essay # 6 . Frameworks of Disaster Risk Reduction:

Related Articles:

Privacy Overview

Paragraph on Disaster Management - Samples for Various Word Limits

Table of Contents

Why is disaster management important for the people?

What is meant by disaster management?

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Register with BYJU'S & Download Free PDFs

Essay on Disaster Management | Disaster Management Essay for Students and Children in English

Long and Short Essays on Disaster Management for Students and Kids in English

Long Essay on Disaster Management 500 Words in English

Short Essay on Disaster Management 150 Words in English

10 Lines on Disaster Management in English

FAQ’s on Disaster Management Essay

Business Management Ideas

Essay on Disaster Management

No comments yet.

Billionaires

Book Summaries

Digital Marketing

Internet Marketing

Law of Attraction

Law of Vibration

Motivational Speakers

Productivity

Relationship

Self-help 21 and 14 Days Course

Social Media

Website Development

Privacy Overview