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Sand Volcano Experiment

This is one of my favorite activities to set up for the girls during long beach visits.  It only takes a moment, and the fun they get out if it makes me smile for days.  Are you ready to  make sand  erupt ?

How to make a sand volcano.

• A Sand Bucket or cup
• Baking soda
• Optional: food coloring
• Begin by placing a sand bucket in the sand  right-side-up .
• Then, pack sand up and around the bucket to form the shape of a  volcano .

• A bucket makes the perfect core, and you most likely always have one on hand when playing in the sand or visiting the beach.  
• I have found that using a taller, skinnier bucket produces a better volcano shape.  
• You can also use an empty cup.

Making Your Volcano Erupt

• Make a  snow volcano .
• Make  glow-in-the-dark sand .
• Make  sand slime .
• Make a  sound volcano !

Growing a Jeweled Rose is a site packed with fun and educational activities for kids. Read more about us or catch up with our favorite posts .

More About the Author

Crystal Underwood is the writer and creator of Growing A Jeweled Rose. She has worked extensively with children and strongly believes in the importance of play at the core of early learning. She is passionate about the early years and believes that childhood should be a truly magical time in life. For all the best kids activities connect with Growing a Jeweled Rose below!

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Volcano Model – Sand Volcano

August 19, 2015 By Emma Vanstone 5 Comments

Do you know how to make a volcano model? We’ve made a snow volcano , papier mache volcano and even a paper volcano before, but never sand until yesterday.

My children came running in the house to tell me they’d made a sand volcano and could we please cover it with cling film ( we did this with the reusable volcano ) and make it erupt. I couldn’t say no after they’d been so creative so we collected what we needed and apparently it was a better volcano than mine!

To make a sand volcano you will need

An small empty container

2 spoonfuls of baking soda (bicarbonate of soda )

1 spoonful washing up liquid

a few drops of red and yellow food colouring

30 ml vinegar

Cling film optional – but does save the sand from getting too messy

How to make a sand volcano

Mould the shape around the water bottle with the sand.

Cover with clingfilm – optional

Add everything except the vinegar to the water bottle.

Add the vinegar and watch the eruption! If it doesn’t work so well add a bit more washing up liquid and vinegar, or give it a good stir!

Top Tip s for Volcano Models

Make sure your mixture in the bottle isn’t too thick as this will slow down the reaction. If it does look gloopy, add some water and give it a good stir.

Why does the volcano erupt?

Vinegar (an acid ) and bicarbonate of soda ( an alkali ) react together to neutralise each other. This reaction releases carbon dioxide, a gas that is the bubbles you see, these bubbles make the washing up liquid bubble up to give the appearance of lava erupting from a volcano.

More volcano investigation ideas

Try the reaction without the dish soap, is it less bubbly?

What happens if you add extra dish soap?

Homemade Volcano Challenge

Can you make a volcano with red and yellow lava??

More volcano model ideas

If you haven’t got sand, but have snow, how about a  snow volcano ?

How about making a multi-colour volcano eruption?

We love this tape volcano from Inspiration Laboratories as well.

Or try this lemon volcano from Babble Dabble Do.

Last Updated on May 24, 2021 by Emma Vanstone

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Science Sparks ( Wild Sparks Enterprises Ltd ) are not liable for the actions of activity of any person who uses the information in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources. Science Sparks assume no liability with regard to injuries or damage to property that may occur as a result of using the information and carrying out the practical activities contained in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources.

These activities are designed to be carried out by children working with a parent, guardian or other appropriate adult. The adult involved is fully responsible for ensuring that the activities are carried out safely.

Reader Interactions

August 24, 2015 at 3:04 pm

Ahhh this is so cool! Mine would love to do this! Bookmarking 🙂

August 24, 2015 at 7:30 pm

This sounds amazing, I must try this with the children

August 24, 2015 at 7:35 pm

so so cool, I keep telling my science teacher husband that he needs to do experiments with the kids.

August 24, 2015 at 8:37 pm

You are so cool Emma, so many fabulous ideas. I would just have no idea at all! Mich x

August 25, 2015 at 3:51 pm

This is just the kind of messy, cool thing my boys will love. Bookmarked and will be trying it out at the weekend.

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Exploding Volcano: A Fun Twist on the Classic Science Experiment

Do you have a kiddo that seems bound and determined to destroy things? I sure do. Whether he’s taking apart the remote control (again) or pulling apart his brother’s very intricate lego sculpture, there’s always something being destroyed. But how do we take that energy and make it creative? Simple. Give him a totally classic science experiment that includes making something explode! Now we all have seen the baking soda and vinegar volcano experiments a hundred times, but for the kid who wants something a little different, we’ve added an extra explosive element to this version of the exploding volcano science experiment!  The volcano erupts much more realistically rather than oozing out of the top of the volcano like a lazy river.

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Exploding Volcano Summer Science for Kids

I’m sure that your kids will love this new twist on the classic exploding volcano science experiment! It’s so realistic that you shouldn’t be surprised if your kids play that some of their toys are villagers running from the lava. (Ask me how I know!)

What you’ll need to make an exploding volcano:

• Baking soda
• Red food coloring
• Film canister
• Alka Seltzer tablets

We set up our experiment in a sandbox, which was ideal for this project as the sand quickly absorbed the liquid and made the project look more like a real rock volcano. But, you can cover your jar with any material you like, or even just leave it exposed.

Add some red food coloring, baking soda, and a few pumps of dish soap to the jar.

Fill your film canister with about a teaspoon of water. We tried using vinegar in the film canister as well, but it didn’t react enough to pop the cap off.

Working quickly, plop a quarter of an Alka Seltzer tablet into the canister, close the lid, and put it upside down in the jar.

Pour some vinegar inside the jar to start the baking soda reacting.

Step back and wait about 20 seconds.

The film canister will pop out of the volcano, spraying dish soap and vinegar all over the place.

Make sure you have a lot of Alka Seltzer tablets on hand because the kids will want to repeat this many times.

What Kids Learn in the Exploding Volcano Experiment

Kids love repeating the volcano experiment over and over again. With an explosive twist, it brings a new element of fun to the project, drawing in even kids who have made this project many times before. This version provides a more realistic volcano effect than a lot of baking soda and vinegar volcanoes, and you can easily turn the activity into a STEM project by measuring how far the film canister travels from the volcano and if adjusting the amount of water or Alka Seltzer tablets changes how far the volcano explodes.

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Build a Volcano on the Beach

This activity adds a fun outdoor twist on the classic baking soda and vinegar volcano experiment! All you need is a sandbox or sandy beach and a few household materials.

About Our Materials

We sure love a good, messy experiment! And nothing beats the classic baking soda and vinegar volcano, especially since you can typically find those materials in your kitchen.

Have you ever wondered why those materials do the trick to create such a fun and foamy ‘explosion’? Here’s a bit about them to learn more.

What is Vinegar?

Vinegar is a common household item that can be used in both cooking and cleaning. Vinegar is made up of a chemical called acetic acid (CH₃COOH) diluted in water and it is classified as an acid. 

What is Baking Soda?

Baking soda is a common household item that can be used both in baking and cleaning. It’s chemical name is sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) and it is classified as a base. 

What Happens When You Combine Vinegar and Baking Soda?

To explain a bit as to why a chemical change happens in this case, we need to talk about pH. pH, or “Potential of Hydrogen”, is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution (phew – those are some big chemistry words!). The pH scale is from 0-14. A solution is considered acidic if it has a pH below 7, and a solution is considered basic if it has a pH above 7. Acids with a low pH sit around 1. These solutions can be very dangerous. This is also true for bases with a pH near 13. If a solution has a pH of 7, it’s neutral. An example of a neutral solution is distilled water. Can you name any other bases, acids, or neutral solutions?

To get back to our question about the chemical change we’ll observe in our activity – baking soda (or sodium bicarbonate) is classified as a base, and vinegar (or acetic acid) is classified as (you guessed it!) an acid. Acids and bases are very reactive substances when mixed together. When the sodium bicarbonate molecules interact with the acetic acid molecules, they produce carbon dioxide (a gas) and water molecules. When the gas in our experiment combines with the water, we see that as bubbles that look like foam. Pretty fun!

Did You Know:

The name vinegar comes to us from the French, “vin aigre,” literally meaning sour wine.

Baking soda is used in fire extinguishers, because it produces a foam which comes in handy when dousing flames.

pH is very important for the human body. The acid in your stomach helps digest food and kills bacteria, whereas your small intestine has a basic pH.

Let's Make a Volcano on the Beach (or in your Sandbox)!

• Sand, either in a sandbox or on a beach
• Bucket or large cup
• Baking soda, 1-2 cups
• Vinegar, 1-2 cups
• Measuring cup
• Food colouring (optional)

Set up your bucket or large cup in the middle of a sand box or on the beach. Fill the bucket about half way with sand. This will allow for less materials to be used later on. Pack sand all around the bucket and shape it into a volcano. If you want to build a GIANT volcano, then build your sand mountain first, then dig a hole in the top large enough for your bucket or large cup, and place your bucket or large cup in the hole.

Pour 1-2 cups of baking soda into the bucket. You may need more or less depending on the size of your volcano.

If you choose to use food colouring, add it to the vinegar now. 

Measure out the same amount of vinegar as you used in baking soda.

Make a prediction! What do you think will happen when the baking soda and vinegar are mixed together? 

Now – pour the vinegar into the bucket with the baking soda, and watch your explosion happen!

Make a couple more volcanoes that range in size, or play around with the baking soda to vinegar ratio. Make observations of each eruption. Which ones were smaller? Which ones were bigger? Why do you think this is?

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Classic Volcano With Baking Soda and Vinegar

You probably have everything you need to make this classic volcano with baking soda and vinegar in your kitchen. This easy and fun experiment is a great introduction to chemical reactions.

• Baking soda
• Red and yellow food colouring
• 100 ml vinegar

Instructions

• Mix red and yellow food colouring in a bottle. Add a few drops of dish soap and 100 ml room temperature vinegar
• Make a funnel out of paper and use it to transfer 3 teaspoons of baking soda to the bottle. Quickly remove the funnel and see the volcano erupt. If you do the experiment in a sandbox outside, try building a “mountain” for the bottle to fit inside.

What happens?

A chemical reaction occurs when you mix baking soda and vinegar. The two produce carbon dioxide gas, and the gas fuels the volcano eruption.

You probably have everything you need to make this classic volcano with baking soda and vinegar in your kitchen. This easy and fun experiment is a great introduction to chemical reactions. Equipment 1 bottle Baking soda Some paper Dish soap Red and yellow food colouring 100 ml vinegar Instructions Mix red and yellow food colouring….Click to read more

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Easy Baking Soda and Vinegar Volcano Eruption for Kids

May 28, 2014 by Katie T. Christiansen 5 Comments

Need a super simple baking soda and vinegar volcano recipe? This one takes about three minutes to prep (and the kids get to help). It uses six common ingredients,  and there is no mess to clean up afterward! If simple and no cleaning is music to your ears, you’re in the right place. We’ve made this five times in the past two weeks, so it’s definitely a loved activity here.

I have always loved making volcanoes with my kids, but they can be time-consuming and require lots of prep. Well, “lots” may be stretching it, but in my world, if it’s not simple, it doesn’t usually happen. The sad truth is that while I’ve thought about making a volcano tons of times, I’ve only made it happen a few. I wanted to change that by making it a super easy process. I hope you absolutely love it!

And if you love these types of science experiments, you can see even more baking soda and vinegar experiments that are simple and so fun! They are also an awesome addition to a preschool curriculum .

Baking Soda and Vinegar Volcano

How do you make the easiest volcano recipe in the world?

Ingredients

• Plastic cup (We tried a water bottle, but the plastic cup worked much better)
• 3-4 Tbs of baking soda at least (we usually do 4-6 which makes it extra foamy and will do 2-3 eruptions)
• 1 tsp of dish soap
• 1 cup (8 oz) of Vinegar to start with per eruption…then they’ll be asking for more 🙂

Location: an area with pea gravel, sand, or dirt

While you mix the base ingredients, have the kiddos make a mound out of pea gravel (or you could certainly do this with dirt). Once you have a mound, put the cup on top of it, and turn it into a mountain.  How easy is that!

We give it a good stir just before adding the last ingredient. Now it’s time for the eruption! Pour in the vinegar until it starts foaming over, pouring it’s lava all over the rocks.

The pictures really don’t do this justice, but our pea gravel mountain was just under a foot tall (30 cm).

Here’s our bubbly red lava taking over the rocks. In the background here, I’ve been hearing “there she blows!”

It is also super fun to mix up the colors a little bit! We can pour the vinegar in about three times before we need to add more baking soda to our solution.

Baking Soda and Vinegar Volcano Video

Want to see it in action? Here’s the video!

Since we can’t get enough of this, here are some more snapshots of our other volcano eruptions.

 What does it look like afterward? Here’s a picture of ours once we took away the plastic cup. You can hardly even tell we did anything, and the rocks must be nice and clean with the baking soda and vinegar. If the washable paint doesn’t come off the rocks right away, it will within a few days or the next rain.

If you want to see what this looks like with dirt, check out these fun volcano posts!

Easy Backyard Volcano by Mom with a Lesson Plan

Erupting Volcanoes in Preschool by Teach Preschool

Or if you have the time to make it a little fancier, here are some more great ideas:

Build, Paint, and Erupt Volcano by Fun at Home With Kids

Erupting Volcano Dinosaur Printable from Fun at Home With Kids

Comparing Homemade Volcano Recipes by Still Playing School

How to Build a Volcano by Kids Activities Blog

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Messy Play Fun with Shaving Cream from Fun-A-Day!

Erupting an Easy Homemade Volcano by Mom to 2 Posh Lil’ Divas

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September 13, 2016 at 8:32 am

My son tried this Has lots of fun!

February 28, 2018 at 4:38 pm

I like the idea I have to try it thank you Katie from preschool inspirations I love it and it looks fun and cool because I have a science fair at Edison elementary and I think it would be cool thanks

April 29, 2018 at 5:51 pm

Can you do this without the paint too?

May 2, 2018 at 9:19 am

Hi Amanda, it works without paint. It just won’t be colored. Have fun!

[…] sort of guided activity during my break time. For example some fun science experiments. Making a baking soda and vinegar volcano is super easy and fun. It doesn’t take too long either so you can easily do this with your […]

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Volcano Experiment

• Dirt or wet sand
• Small shovel or spoon
• Two teaspoons baking soda
• White vinegar
• Build a mound of dirt ten inches high.
• Dig a deep hole in the middle of the mound with a small shovel.
• Put two teaspoons of baking soda in the hole.
• Then slowly pour in vinegar and watch your volcano erupt!

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Mathematical simulation and experimental studies of the shugo mud volcano

• Published: 08 November 2008
• Volume 2 , pages 364–371, ( 2008 )

Cite this article

• B. M. Glinskii 1 ,
• A. L. Sobisevich 2 ,
• A. G. Fat’yanov 1 &
• M. S. Khairetdinov 1  

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This paper considers the theoretical and experimental principles of a monitoring system for mud volcanoes using powerful vibroseismic sources. A mathematical method has been developed to simulate magma chambers of arbitrary geometry with allowance for deep-seated faults near the volcano, overlapping layers, etc. Results are reported from calculations of the seismic field for the source zone of the Shugo mud volcano. Mathematical modeling served as a basis to develop a technique of vibroseismic sounding using powerful controlled sources yielding a force of 40–100 tons on the ground. For the first time in the history of observations on mud volcanoes, two mud volcanoes on land have been subjected to active vibroseismic sounding. These are the Akhtanizovskii and Shugo volcanoes in the Taman’ mud-volcanic province. The results of experimental investigations are reported. Numerical simulation has helped refine the earth model in the Shugo area, which was previously derived from vibroseismic sounding data.

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The Experimental Study and Simulation of Volcanic Structures Using Active Vibroseismic Methods

One hundred years of advances in volcano seismology and acoustics

Fluid-Conducting Structures of the Dzhau-Tepe Mud Volcano Based on the Results of Geological and Geophysical Studies

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Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630000, Russia

B. M. Glinskii, A. G. Fat’yanov & M. S. Khairetdinov

Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123995, Russia

A. L. Sobisevich

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Original Russian Text © B.M. Glinskii, A.L. Sobisevich, A.G. Fat’yanov, M.S. Khairetdinov, 2008, published in Vulkanologiya i Seismologiya, 2008, No. 5, pp. 69–77.

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Glinskii, B.M., Sobisevich, A.L., Fat’yanov, A.G. et al. Mathematical simulation and experimental studies of the shugo mud volcano. J. Volcanolog. Seismol. 2 , 364–371 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0742046308050060

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Received : 27 April 2006

Published : 08 November 2008

Issue Date : October 2008

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1134/S0742046308050060

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How To Make A Snow Volcano

If you have snow, you will want to get outside for this erupting snow volcano ! Cool winter STEM that the kids will LOVE to get their hands on. The seasons can provide a great opportunity to put twists on all the best science experiments . If you don’t have snow, don’t worry! You can also make this one in the sandbox or at the beach.

SNOW VOLCANO EXPERIMENT FOR KIDS

MAKE A SNOWCANO

Get the kids outside this winter (whether in the snow or the sandbox) and build a snow volcano for winter science! Kids can explore a favorite baking soda and vinegar chemical reaction with an easy-to-build volcano made out of snow. Plus, you can leave all the mess outside!

This winter chemistry activity is perfect for kids of all ages to work on together making it perfect for both classroom and home activities.

Check out more awesome fizzing science experiments!

Snow is a great scientific supply that can be readily available during the winter season provided you live in the right climate. If you find yourself without snow science supplies, our winter science ideas feature plenty of snow-free science and STEM activities to try!

WINTER SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS

The printable science projects below make for great winter science activities for preschoolers through to elementary! You can also check out some of our latest winter science activities…

• Frosty’s Magic Milk
• Ice Fishing
• Melting Snowman
• Snowstorm in a Jar
• Make Fake Snow

Click below for your FREE Real Snow Projects

THE SCIENCE BEHIND OUR SNOWCANO

Whether you make this snow volcano in the snow, the sand, or on the kitchen counter, the science is still the same. A baking soda and vinegar volcano project is a simple chemistry experiment that kids know and love.

When you make a snow volcano, you are mixing an acid (the vinegar) and a base (baking soda) which then produces a gas called carbon dioxide. This gas is fizzy and bubbly, but when you add in the dish soap you get extra frothy bubbles.

In chemistry when you mix two or materials you get a new substance and this activity the substance is the gas! Learn more about states of matter including solids, liquids, and gasses in this snow volcano experiment.

Read more about the science behind baking soda and vinegar experiments .

HOW TO MAKE A SNOW VOLCANO

• Baking soda
• Red food coloring
• Tall cup or plastic bottle

SNOW VOLCANO SET UP

You will want to have plenty of baking soda and vinegar ready because the kids will want to do it again and again!

STEP 1. In a tall cup or plastic bottle, add 1 tablespoon of dish soap, fill halfway with baking soda and mix in 1/4 cup of warm water.

If you use a bottle with a more narrow opening, you may get your lava to shoot up a bit into the air! You can see this in our sandbox volcano .

STEP 2. You can add several drops of red food coloring in the cup (the more food coloring the darker the lava). Of course you can experiment with your own colors too!

Change out the food coloring if desired or make a rainbow of snow volcanos. See our colorful snow painting here!

STEP 3. Place the cup in the snow and build a frozen volcano around the cup with the snow.

You want to pack the snow right up to the cup and make sure you can’t see the cup. Just make sure to leave a hole in the top for the lava to come out.

STEP 4. You can now have the kids pour the vinegar in the top of the volcano and watch it erupt The more vinegar the bigger the eruption!

Go ahead and repeat as desired with more vinegar and baking soda.

MORE FUN WINTER ACTIVITIES

The next time you have a snowy day with a little time on your hands, send the kids outside with all the necessary supplies to make a snow volcano!

Click on each of the links below to find more fun ways to explore winter even if it isn’t winter outside!

• Learn how to make frost on a can.
• Engineer your own snowball launcher for indoor snowball fights.
• Explore how polar bears stay warm.
• Whip up some snow slime.
• Create a snowflake salt painting .
• Make snow castles .
• Create coffee filter snowflakes .

MAKE ERUPTING SNOW VOLCANO FOR WINTER SCIENCE

Click here or below for more great winter science ideas to try indoors or outdoors this season!

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