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Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Starting with the Yale School of Medicine (YSM) graduating class of 2002, the Cushing/Whitney Medical Library and YSM Office of Student Research have collaborated on the Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library (YMTDL) project, publishing the digitized full text of medical student theses on the web as a valuable byproduct of Yale student research efforts. The digital thesis deposit has been a graduation requirement since 2006. Starting in 2012, alumni of the Yale School of Medicine were invited to participate in the YMTDL project by granting scanning and hosting permission to the Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, which digitized the Library’s print copy of their thesis or dissertation. A grant from the Arcadia Fund in 2017 provided the means for digitizing over 1,000 additional theses. IF YOU ARE A MEMBER OF THE YALE COMMUNITY AND NEED ACCESS TO A THESIS RESTRICTED TO THE YALE NETWORK, PLEASE MAKE SURE YOUR VPN (VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK) IS ON.

Theses/Dissertations from 2024 2024

Refractory Neurogenic Cough Management: The Non-Inferiority Of Soluble Steroids To Particulate Suspensions For Superior Laryngeal Nerve Blocks , Hisham Abdou

Percutaneous Management Of Pelvic Fluid Collections: A 10-Year Series , Chidumebi Alim

Behavioral Outcomes In Patients With Metopic Craniosynostosis: Relationship With Radiographic Severity , Mariana Almeida

Ventilator Weaning Parameters Revisited: A Traditional Analysis And A Test Of Artificial Intelligence To Predict Successful Extubation , John James Andrews

Developing Precision Genome Editors: Peptide Nucleic Acids Modulate Crispr Cas9 To Treat Autosomal Dominant Disease , Jem Atillasoy

Radiology Education For U.s. Medical Students In 2024: A State-Of-The-Art Analysis , Ryan Bahar

Out-Of-Pocket Spending On Medications For Diabetes In The United States , Baylee Bakkila

Imaging Markers Of Microstructural Development In Neonatal Brains And The Impact Of Postnatal Pathologies , Pratheek Sai Bobba

A Needs Assessment For Rural Health Education In United States Medical Schools , Kailey Carlson

Racial Disparities In Behavioral Crisis Care: Investigating Restraint Patterns In Emergency Departments , Erika Chang-Sing

Social Determinants Of Health & Barriers To Care In Diabetic Retinopathy Patients Lost To Follow-Up , Thomas Chang

Association Between Fine Particulate Matter And Eczema: A Cross-Sectional Study Of The All Of Us Research Program And The Center For Air, Climate, And Energy Solutions , Gloria Chen

Predictors Of Adverse Outcomes Following Surgical Intervention For Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy , Samuel Craft

Genetic Contributions To Thoracic Aortic Disease , Ellelan Arega Degife

Actigraphy And Symptom Changes With A Social Rhythm Intervention In Young Persons With Mood Disorders , Gabriela De Queiroz Campos

Incidence Of Pathologic Nodal Disease In Clinically Node Negative, Microinvasive/t1a Breast Cancers , Pranammya Dey

Spinal Infections: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Prevention, And Management , Meera Madhav Dhodapkar

Childen's Reentry To School After Psychiatric Hospitalization: A Qualitative Study , Madeline Digiovanni

Bringing Large Language Models To Ophthalmology: Domain-Specific Ontologies And Evidence Attribution , Aidan Gilson

Surgical Personalities: A Cultural History Of Early 20th Century American Plastic Surgery , Joshua Zev Glahn

Implications Of Acute Brain Injury Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement , Daniel Grubman

Latent Health Status Trajectory Modelling In Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease , Scott Grubman

The Human Claustrum Tracks Slow Waves During Sleep , Brett Gu

Patient Perceptions Of Machine Learning-Enabled Digital Mental Health , Clara Zhang Guo

Variables Affecting The 90-Day Overall Reimbursement Of Four Common Orthopaedic Procedures , Scott Joseph Halperin

The Evolving Landscape Of Academic Plastic Surgery: Understanding And Shaping Future Directions In Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion , Sacha C. Hauc

Association Of Vigorous Physical Activity With Psychiatric Disorders And Participation In Treatment , John L. Havlik

Long-Term Natural History Of Ush2a-Retinopathy , Michael Heyang

Clinical Decision Support For Emergency Department-Initiated Buprenorphine For Opioid Use Disorder , Wesley Holland

Applying Deep Learning To Derive Noninvasive Imaging Biomarkers For High-Risk Phenotypes Of Prostate Cancer , Sajid Hossain

The Hardships Of Healthcare Among People With Lived Experiences Of Homelessness In New Haven, Ct , Brandon James Hudik

Outcomes Of Peripheral Vascular Interventions In Patients Treated With Factor Xa Inhibitors , Joshua Joseph Huttler

Janus Kinase Inhibition In Granuloma Annulare: Two Single-Arm, Open-Label Clinical Trials , Erica Hwang

Medicaid Coverage For Undocumented Children In Connecticut: A Political History , Chinye Ijeli

Population Attributable Fraction Of Reproductive Factors In Triple Negative Breast Cancer By Race , Rachel Jaber Chehayeb

Evaluation Of Gastroesophageal Reflux And Hiatal Hernia As Risk Factors For Lobectomy Complications , Michael Kaminski

Health-Related Social Needs Before And After Critical Illness Among Medicare Beneficiaries , Tamar A. Kaminski

Effects Of Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair On Cardiac Function At Rest , Nabeel Kassam

Conditioned Hallucinations By Illness Stage In Individuals With First Episode Schizophrenia, Chronic Schizophrenia, And Clinical High Risk For Psychosis , Adam King

The Choroid Plexus Links Innate Immunity To Dysregulation Of Csf Homeostasis In Diverse Forms Of Hydrocephalus , Emre Kiziltug

Health Status Changes After Stenting For Stroke Prevention In Carotid Artery Stenosis , Jonathan Kluger

Rare And Undiagnosed Liver Diseases: New Insights From Genomic And Single Cell Transcriptomic Analyses , Chigoziri Konkwo

“Teen Health” Empowers Informed Contraception Decision-Making In Adolescents And Young Adults , Christina Lepore

Barriers To Mental Health Care In Us Military Veterans , Connor Lewis

Barriers To Methadone For Hiv Prevention Among People Who Inject Drugs In Kazakhstan , Amanda Rachel Liberman

Unheard Voices: The Burden Of Ischemia With No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease In Women , Marah Maayah

Partial And Total Tonsillectomy For Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing: The Role Of The Cas-15 , Jacob Garn Mabey

Association Between Insurance, Access To Care, And Outcomes For Patients With Uveal Melanoma In The United States , Victoria Anne Marks

Urinary Vegf And Cell-Free Dna As Non-Invasive Biomarkers For Diabetic Retinopathy Screening , Mitchelle Matesva

Pain Management In Facial Trauma: A Narrative Review , Hunter Mccurdy

Meningioma Relational Database Curation Using A Pacs-Integrated Tool For Collection Of Clinical And Imaging Features , Ryan Mclean

Colonoscopy Withdrawal Time And Dysplasia Detection In Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease , Chandler Julianne Mcmillan

Cerebral Arachnoid Cysts Are Radiographic Harbingers Of Epigenetics Defects In Neurodevelopment , Kedous Mekbib

Regulation And Payment Of New Medical Technologies , Osman Waseem Moneer

Permanent Pacemaker Implantation After Tricuspid Valve Repair Surgery , Alyssa Morrison

Non-Invasive Epidermal Proteome-Based Subclassification Of Psoriasis And Eczema And Identification Of Treatment Relevant Biomarkers , Michael Murphy

Ballistic And Explosive Orthopaedic Trauma Epidemiology And Outcomes In A Global Population , Jamieson M. O'marr

Dermatologic Infectious Complications And Mimickers In Cancer Patients On Oncologic Therapy , Jolanta Pach

Distressed Community Index In Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy In Medicare-Linked Vqi Registry , Carmen Pajarillo

Preoperative Psychosocial Risk Burden Among Patients Undergoing Major Thoracic And Abdominal Surgery , Emily Park

Volumetric Assessment Of Imaging Response In The Pnoc Pediatric Glioma Clinical Trials , Divya Ramakrishnan

Racial And Sex Disparities In Adult Reconstructive Airway Surgery Outcomes: An Acs Nsqip Analysis , Tagan Rohrbaugh

A School-Based Study Of The Prevalence Of Rheumatic Heart Disease In Bali, Indonesia , Alysha Rose

Outcomes Following Hypofractionated Radiotherapy For Patients With Thoracic Tumors In Predominantly Central Locations , Alexander Sasse

Healthcare Expenditure On Atrial Fibrillation In The United States: The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2016-2021 , Claudia See

A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Of Oropharyngeal Cancer Post-Treatment Surveillance Practices , Rema Shah

Machine Learning And Risk Prediction Tools In Neurosurgery: A Rapid Review , Josiah Sherman

Maternal And Donor Human Milk Support Robust Intestinal Epithelial Growth And Differentiation In A Fetal Intestinal Organoid Model , Lauren Smith

Constructing A Fetal Human Liver Atlas: Insights Into Liver Development , Zihan Su

Somatic Mutations In Aging, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, And Myeloid Neoplasms , Tho Tran

Illness Perception And The Impact Of A Definitive Diagnosis On Women With Ischemia And No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: A Qualitative Study , Leslie Yingzhijie Tseng

Advances In Keratin 17 As A Cancer Biomarker: A Systematic Review , Robert Tseng

Regionalization Strategy To Optimize Inpatient Bed Utilization And Reduce Emergency Department Crowding , Ragini Luthra Vaidya

Survival Outcomes In T3 Laryngeal Cancer Based On Staging Features At Diagnosis , Vickie Jiaying Wang

Analysis Of Revertant Mosaicism And Cellular Competition In Ichthyosis With Confetti , Diana Yanez

A Hero's Journey: Experiences Using A Therapeutic Comicbook In A Children’s Psychiatric Inpatient Unit , Idil Yazgan

Prevalence Of Metabolic Comorbidities And Viral Infections In Monoclonal Gammopathy , Mansen Yu

Automated Detection Of Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding Using Large Language Models , Neil Zheng

Vascular Risk Factor Treatment And Control For Stroke Prevention , Tianna Zhou

Theses/Dissertations from 2023 2023

Radiomics: A Methodological Guide And Its Applications To Acute Ischemic Stroke , Emily Avery

Characterization Of Cutaneous Immune-Related Adverse Events Due To Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors , Annika Belzer

An Investigation Of Novel Point Of Care 1-Tesla Mri Of Infants’ Brains In The Neonatal Icu , Elisa Rachel Berson

Understanding Perceptions Of New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Education In A Pediatric Tertiary Care Center , Gabriel BetancurVelez

Effectiveness Of Acitretin For Skin Cancer Prevention In Immunosuppressed And Non-Immunosuppressed Patients , Shaman Bhullar

Adherence To Tumor Board Recommendations In Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma , Yueming Cao

Clinical Trials Related To The Spine & Shoulder/elbow: Rates, Predictors, & Reasons For Termination , Dennis Louis Caruana

Improving Delivery Of Immunomodulator Mpla With Biodegradable Nanoparticles , Jungsoo Chang

Sex Differences In Patients With Deep Vein Thrombosis , Shin Mei Chan

Incorporating Genomic Analysis In The Clinical Practice Of Hepatology , David Hun Chung

Emergency Medicine Resident Perceptions Of A Medical Wilderness Adventure Race (medwar) , Lake Crawford

Surgical Outcomes Following Posterior Spinal Fusion For Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis , Wyatt Benajmin David

Representing Cells As Sentences Enables Natural Language Processing For Single Cell Transcriptomics , Rahul M. Dhodapkar

Life Vs. Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness: Short-Term Involuntary Commitment Laws In All 50 US States , Sofia Dibich

Healthcare Disparities In Preoperative Risk Management For Total Joint Arthroplasty , Chloe Connolly Dlott

Toll-Like Receptors 2/4 Directly Co-Stimulate Arginase-1 Induction Critical For Macrophage-Mediated Renal Tubule Regeneration , Natnael Beyene Doilicho

Associations Of Atopic Dermatitis With Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities , Ryan Fan

International Academic Partnerships In Orthopaedic Surgery , Michael Jesse Flores

Young Adults With Adhd And Their Involvement In Online Communities: A Qualitative Study , Callie Marie Ginapp

Becoming A Doctor, Becoming A Monster: Medical Socialization And Desensitization In Nazi Germany And 21st Century USA , SimoneElise Stern Hasselmo

Comparative Efficacy Of Pharmacological Interventions For Borderline Personality Disorder: A Network Meta-Analysis , Olivia Dixon Herrington

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Now online, decades of medical student theses available for download

• Features Alumni brave fires and floods in catastrophic season Strange bedfellows, great science How West Campus is fulfilling its dream A meeting of proteomics and ancient art Biomedical engineering meets radiology meets genetics A fab lab collab A catastrophe in the brain Melanoma, hooves, and the uterus Putting the precise in precision medicine A new tool against cancer Old specimens yield new clues to disease Bonding through hiking
• News Deans named to replace Carolyn Slayman Navigating power structures in medicine New drugs to fight resistant bacteria Playing sports with a defibrillator Evolutionary trade-off: having kids will break your heart Questions about early detection Now online, decades of medical student theses available for download Haitian Doctors Study Latest Practices in Group Care at Yale Crowdsourcing ways to reduce America's drug overdose crisis Plenty of “Me Too” stories exist in medicine How Peter Schulam came to lead a center for innovative thinking Art in medicine: observation without interpretation School of Medicine and CBIT host health Hackathon A voice for the voiceless: programs at Yale aim to stop child abuse
• People M.D./Ph.D. student wins Soros Fellowship A diagnosis of the health care system
• Dialogue Your editor bids farewell Second Opinion Cultural heritage to the microbiome: research at West Campus Life on Ice: A History of New Uses for Cold Blood

In the spring of 1952, Jocelyn Malkin, M.D. ’52, completed her student thesis on laryngeal cancer. Using punch cards, Malkin encoded clinical characteristics of 235 patients suffering from the malignancy, including race, religion, family history, and “excessive voice use.” She then threaded the cards onto a sorter shaped like an ice pick, looking for clear-cut risk factors. One stood out starkly: tobacco use.

After seeing her own thesis results, Malkin recalls, she “nagged” her husband to quit his cigarette habit. Later, as a psychoanalytic institute leader in Washington, D.C., she refused to allow light-ups in meetings.

“Everybody smoked—it was considered very, very cool,” she says. “I was very unpopular because I made a fuss about it.” Thanks to her thesis, Malkin was far ahead of her time. Not until 1957 did the U.S. Surgeon General issue its first report on the health consequences of smoking. Tobacco use is now known to be the most important laryngeal-cancer risk factor.

Malkin’s historic typewritten thesis is freely available online, along with hundreds of other newly digitized Yale medical student theses. Although hard copies of most recent and many older theses are available to peruse in the medical library, digitization and open access means a much larger audience.

“What we’re doing now just opens them up to the world,” says Melissa Grafe, Ph.D., the John R. Bumstead Librarian for Medical History at the Cushing/Whitney Medical Library.

The world has responded. Over 80,000 downloads of Yale medical student theses have taken place by readers in 187 countries, over half at educational or governmental facilities. The theses are available at both the Medical Heritage Library, an online consortium of major medical libraries that digitizes materials and makes them freely available via Internet Archive, and from Yale’s in-house repository, Eli Scholar.

With the first evidence of a thesis requirement appearing in an 1839 catalog, the Yale School of Medicine is perhaps the longest-lived such directive of its kind. Many theses go on to be edited and published in medical journals, but many others have long languished on shelves, largely unread.

Digitization has been underway since 2002, when the medical library and the YSM Office of Student Research placed some of that year’s theses online as part of the Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library project. Four years later, submitting a digital copy became mandatory of all students. Living alumni were first invited to participate in 2012, and the project has rolled along since then via outreach at alumni events.

But in 2017, a grant to Yale University Library by the Arcadia Fund, one intended to preserve at-risk cultural materials, made it possible to digitize many more.

On July 12, 2017, John Gallagher, director of the Medical Library, with the assistance of Deborah Jagielow, director of Alumni Affairs, emailed some 3,000 alumni from the Class of 2009 and before, inviting them to participate. Within five hours, close to 400 replies had come in granting permission. Eventually, nearly 1,200 alumni agreed to allow digitization, including the families of four who had died.

Grafe and her colleagues then packed up 51 boxes of hard-copy theses and mailed them to Princeton, New Jersey, where, over October, November, and December, the Internet Archive scanned them in (and then mailed them back). Yale library staff then embarked on a quality-control check, making sure all the scans were legible and the data attached to each thesis were accurate.

“Even though it was a short timeline, it was a careful process,” Grafe says. “We wanted to make sure that the alumni who entrusted us with digitizing their material were happy with what they saw [and] received something they could share.”

Topics trend over time, she adds.

“In the late 80s and early 90s, I saw a batch of theses having to do with HIV and AIDS, and in recent years there’s been some global health emphasis,” she says. By contrast, in the 1960s and 70s, patient care and community health were popular.

A quick browse turns up theses on West Nile myeloencephalitis (1955), fetal electrocardiography (1957), cross-cultural psychiatry (1966), concentration camp survivors’ guilt (1971), health care for migrant farmworkers (1975), athletics in hemophilia (1980), detective fiction (1980), children’s fear of needles (1982), childbirth in literature (1987), professional courtesy (1996), and spirituality in HIV care (2001).

There are also many 19th-century theses in elaborate copperplate handwriting, including “On Diabetes Mellitus,” “On Gonorrhea,” and “On The Therapeutic Application of Ice.”

Everything is faithfully preserved as a PDF, including linen-bound covers, blank pages, and librarians’ penciled notations on title pages. Malkin’s includes a copy of the cards she used, notched with their telltale punch-outs. So far, it has been downloaded 50 times.

The digitization project is ongoing. Though theses written prior to 1923 are in the public domain, the library continues to seek permission from alumni or living relatives for any written after that. Interested alumni can fill out an online form .

1.       Clinical profile of type I and II respiratory failure patients at a teriary care hospital.

2.       Clinical profile of end stage renal disease in patients undergoing haemodialysis.

3.       Clinical profile of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diagnosed patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

4.       A study of lipid profile in newly diagnosed hypertension.

5.    Correlation of serum cholinesterase levels,clinical score at presetation and severity of organaphosphorous poisioning.

6.       Dengue fever-clinical profile and complications.

7.     Comparative clinical study of patients of herat failure in Type 2 daibates mellitus verses heart failure in non diabetic patients.

8.       Study of serum ferritin in metabolic syndrome.

9.       A study of lipid abnormilities in chronic kidney disease and its implication in cardio vascular disease.

10.    Clinical study of patients of delirium hospitalized in medical wards & in medical intensive care unit.

11.    Clinicoradiologic study of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.

12.    Study of clinical profile of HIV patients in the elderly age group.

13.    Study of different types of arrythmias occuring in hospitalised patients of acute myocardial infarction.

14.    Comparative study of seropositive and seronegative arthritis in adult.

15.    Clinical profile and pattern of non communicable diseases in age more than 40 years.

16.    Acute kidney injury of obstetric origin.

17.    Comparative study of pneumonia severity index and CURB 65 in assesing the severity of community acquired pneumonia.

18.    Diagnostic efficacy of adenosine deaminase levels in cerebrospinal fluid in patients of tubercular meningitis

19.    A comparision with PCR.AFB culture,cytology for mycobacterium tuberculosis.

20.    To study the clinical,serological,biopsy profile of adult onset nephrotic syndrome.

21.    Study of renal involvement in acute gastroenteritis.

22.    Study of cardiac manifestation in patients with HIV infection and there correlation with CD4 count.

23.    A study of clinical profile of dengue fever in a tertiary care in central india.

24.    Clinical profile of pattern of dyslipidemia and ischemic heart disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

25.    Clinical profile of patients with organophosphorus poisoning in an intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital.

26.    Study of thyroid hormone profile in acute coronary syndrome.

27.    A study of hepatic dysfunction in denuge fever Association between serum uric acid level with presence and severity of coronary artery disease.

28.    A study of clinical profile of critically III obstetrics patients admitted in medicine wards ICU

29.    Correlation between electrocardiography and echocardiography in patient with left ventricular hypertrophy.

30.    To study diagnosis,diurnal,seasonal variation,risk factors and outcome of patients admitted to ICU.

31.    Clinical profile of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.

32.    Correlation between and electrocardiography in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy.

33.    The study of etiology and outcome of non-traumatic coma patients at tertiary care hospital.

34.    Study of left ventricular hypertrophy with reference to left ventricular mass index in patients with hypertension.

35.    Study of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

36.    To study the role of serum uric acid as risk factor in acute ischemic stroke.

37.    Clinical profile and cardiac evaluation in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

38.    Study of correlation of body mass index,waist hip ratio and lipid profile in patients with newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes.

39.    To study haematological manifestations of malaria

40.    To study clinical profile of dilated cardiomyopathy.

41.    Study of cardiovascular manifestions of hypothyroidism.

42.    Evaluation of thyroid function status in patients of chronic kidney disease.

43.    A cross sectional study of glycosylated hemoglobin in ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attacks.

44.    Study of delirium in patients admitted in the intensive care.

45.    Cardiovascular manifestations in alcoholism

46.    Study of clinical profile of catheter related thrombosis incidance and risk factor related to patient and devices.

47.    Predictors of successful weaning of patient on mechanical ventilation in icu.

48.    Clinical profile of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.

49.    Clinical spectrum of extra pulmonary tuberculosis.

50.    Clinical profile of encephalopathy in medical intensive care-unit.

51.    Clinical profile of amitraz poisoning.

52.    Clinical Study on the complications of haart in people living with HIV

53.    Study of lipid profile in stroke patients.

54.    The study of clinical and lab profile of acute febrile illness with thrombcoytopenia.

55.    Prevalence of HIV associated neurocognitive disorders among HIV infected patients in a tertiary care center.

56.    Study of prognostic factors affecting outcome of cardiomyopathy.

57.    Validation of pneumonia severity index score for community acquired pneumonia in elderly.

58.    Study of factors predicting conversion of non invasive ventilation to invasive ventilation in patients of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

59.    Evaluation of oculoinflammatory diseases for systemic association and outcome after treatment.

60.    Clinical Profile and serum gamma glutamyl transferase estimation in case of alcohol withdrawal.

61.    Serum homocysteine level in sickle cell anaemia and its association with vaso occlusive crisis.

62.    Assessment of left ventricular mass in normotensive subjects without any cardiovasculer risk.

63.    Glycaemic variability and mortaliy in critically ill patients.

64.    Cognititve and functional impairment in elderly diabetics.

65.    Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in alcoholic cirrhosis of liver

66.    To study the clinical profile of pyrexia of unknown origin.

67.    Study of the clinical laboratory and radiological features in patients with large vessel vasculitis in a tertiary care centre.

68.    To study sympathetic modulation in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and it’s correlation with mortality.

69.    Clinical profile of patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis in tertiary care centre.

70.    Renal involvement in HIV positive patients on tenofovir or zidovudine Based art regimen at tertiary care hospital.

71.    Corelation of serum magnesium,calcium and potassium levels with outcome in critically ill invasively ventilated patients in MNICU.

72.    To study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome after initiation of anti-retroviral therapy and comparison of zidovudine vs tenofovir based regimens.

73.    Study of genetic and environmental factors determining warfarin toxicity

74.    To study the menstrual abnormalities and gonadal hormonal dysfunction in women with connective tissue disorders on immunosuppression with intravenous cyclosphamide and oral mycophenolate mofetil

75.    Evaluation and assesment of the utility of NT-pro BNP in the emergency diagnosis and in hospital monitoring of patients with dyspnea.

76.    Echocardiographic study of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellius

77.    Spectrum of acute renal failure patients requiring haemodialysis at medical college hospital.

78.    A clinical study of acute ischemic stroke with reference to colour doppler sonography of the extra cranial carotid vessels.

79.    Clinical profile and echocardiographic findings of patients with cardiomyopathy at tertiary care hospital.

80.    Assessment of the clinical profile and risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in young adults.

81.    Study of the effects of a low protein diet on nutritional status of patients with chronic kidney disease not on dialysis.

82.    Assessment of thyroid function among the young asymptomatic male members of indian armed forces.

83.    A compareative study of renoprotective property of n-acetylcysteine in cis platinum based chemotherapies.

84.    To study the etiological factors,symptoatology and outcome in case of acute pancreatitis.

85.    Clinico-bacteriological study of urinary tract infectons in catheterized patients in hospital.

86.    Clinico biological profile of dengue and malaria with special reference to inflammatory markers.

87.    Ultrasonographic evaluation of gallbladder

88.    contractility in patients of Type 2 diabetes mellitus with & without autonomic neuropathy.

89.    Clinico-endoscopic predictors of clinical outcome in patients with upper gastro-intestinal bleeding.

90.    Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic assessment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

91.    Clinicopathological profile of patients with pancytopenia.

92.    Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus and it’s correlation with cardiovascular risk factors.

93.    Study of renal osteodystrophy and serum vitamin D level in cases of chronic kidney disease.

94.    Study of clinical features of patients presenting with dengue viral infection     at tertiary care hospital.

95.    Clinical profile of chronic kidney disease patients at tertiary care hospital.

96.    Study of cardiometabolic risk profile of female patients in tertiary care hospital.

97.    Clinical Study of autonomic dysfunction in patients of type-2 diabetes mellitus in rural hospital.

98.    Clinical profile of megaloblastic amaemia in rural hospital.

99.    study of high sensitivity Creactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with Ischemic stroke.

100.  Study of clinical profile of acute coronary syndrome with special reference to vitamin D level.

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Selecting a good thesis topic is a pivotal step in the journey of an MD in General Medicine. It is not just about fulfilling an academic requirement but about paving the way for future professional development and contributing to the field of medicine. General Medicine thesis topics are more than just titles; they represent the questions, challenges, and curiosities that drive medical research forward. This article delves into the importance of choosing the right General medicine thesis topics, emphasizing their role in a medical student’s education and the broader medical community.

Firstly, the choice of general medicine thesis topics can significantly influence a student’s learning experience. A well-chosen topic can ignite a passion for research, encourage a deep dive into specific areas of interest, and foster a lifelong commitment to learning. It offers students the opportunity to apply their knowledge, develop critical thinking skills, and gain hands-on experience in research methodologies. Moreover, working on relevant and challenging medicine thesis topics can enhance problem-solving skills, which are crucial in clinical practice.

Secondly, the selection of general medicine thesis topics has a profound impact on the student’s future career. A thesis in a niche area can open doors to specialized fields, making the student a sought-after expert. It can also lead to opportunities for further research, publications, and presentations at conferences, establishing the student’s reputation in the medical community early in their career. Choosing innovative and impactful general medicine thesis topics can set the foundation for a career that not only advances the individual’s professional goals but also contributes significantly to the field of medicine.

Furthermore, general medicine thesis topics are instrumental in advancing medical knowledge and improving patient care. By addressing unanswered questions or exploring new approaches to treatment, diagnosis, and patient management, these topics can lead to discoveries that have a real-world impact. The research conducted for an MD thesis can contribute to evidence-based practice, influencing guidelines, policies, and the standard of care. Therefore, the selection of a thesis topic is not just an academic exercise; it is an opportunity to make a meaningful contribution to medicine.

The choice of medicine thesis topics also reflects the evolving landscape of healthcare and medicine. As new diseases emerge, technology advances, and societal health needs change, the focus of medical research shifts. Selecting a topic that is relevant to current challenges and future directions in medicine not only ensures the timeliness and relevance of the research but also positions the student at the forefront of innovation. This foresight can be instrumental in addressing the health crises of tomorrow and improving global health outcomes.

Moreover, working on medicine thesis topics fosters collaboration and interdisciplinary learning. Many research projects require input from various specialties, offering students the chance to work with experts in different fields. This interdisciplinary approach not only enriches the research but also prepares students for the collaborative nature of clinical practice. It encourages the integration of diverse perspectives, enhancing the quality of care provided to patients.

Selecting the right medicine thesis topics also teaches students the value of research ethics and the importance of conducting studies responsibly. It instills a sense of responsibility towards participants, society, and the scientific community, ensuring that the research is conducted with integrity and respect for ethical standards. This ethical foundation is crucial for any medical professional, guiding their actions and decisions throughout their career.

In conclusion, the selection of medicine thesis topics is a critical step in a medical student’s academic and professional journey. It influences their learning experience, career trajectory, and the contribution they make to the field of medicine. By choosing topics that are relevant, innovative, and impactful, students can embark on a path that not only fulfills their academic requirements but also sets the stage for a rewarding career dedicated to advancing medical science and improving patient care. The process of selecting a thesis topic, therefore, should be approached with careful consideration, passion, and a vision for the future of healthcare.

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Over 150 Dissertation Topics Ideas in 18 Branches of Science

Updated 23 Jul 2024

Choosing a relevant dissertation topic means taking the first step toward obtaining an academic degree. Let's talk about how to do it right. Also, as a bonus, we have prepared ten dissertation topics for each popular scientific discipline.

How to Choose a Dissertation Topic?

Let’s find out how to choose a dissertation topic. You should understand that the dissertation has:

• to be relevant. It is important to identify what research already exists on this topic and how you can expand it. Historiography and the conclusions of your predecessors will help you. Some of them are dogmatic, and some need rethinking;
• to have scientific significance . The topic of the thesis must have scientific significance. This means that you will have to clearly formulate the goals and objectives of your research;
• to have practical applications. When choosing a topic, it is worth paying attention to practical significance. Determine who / what will benefit from this research and where its results can be applied;
• to correspond to a certain structure. A dissertation is a scientific work, and it should be created according to a certain structure, as can be seen in the table of contents in a dissertation, regardless of whether it is about the humanities or technical sciences.

Naturally, this imposes some restrictions on the choice of dissertation topics. Get a degree faster by hiring experts to " write my dissertation in no time".

Where do I find ideas for my dissertation topic?

There are several options where you can find a topic for your dissertation:

• analyze the topics from the most recent works in your field;
• study examples of dissertations of your colleagues;
• find out what topics have been discussed at recent scientific conferences;
• ask your scientific advisor.

What makes a good dissertation title?

The right choice of the dissertation title is important. So, when choosing a topic, you should take into account its relevance and the novelty of the formulation of a scientific problem. The relevance of the topic is determined in this case by two parameters - the need for its study by science and its applicability in practice.

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Dissertation Topics in Education

Education is one of the fastest-growing areas for scientific research. Here are ten good topics for a dissertation.

• The Role of Technology in Enhancing Learning Outcomes in K-12 Education.
• Evaluating the Impact of Montessori Methods on Early Childhood Education.
• The Effectiveness of Bilingual Education in Improving Students' Linguistic Competence.
• Inclusive Education: Strategies for Supporting Students with Special Needs in Mainstream Classrooms.
• The Influence of Parental Involvement on Student Academic Achievement and Social Development.
• STEM Education: Approaches to Increasing Female Participation in Male-Dominated Fields.
• The Impact of School Leadership on Teacher Morale and Student Achievement.
• Assessing the Effectiveness of Environmental Education Programs in Promoting Sustainable Practices Among Students.
• Digital Literacy in Education: Preparing Students for the Digital Age.
• The Role of Physical Education in Promoting Mental Health Among Students.

Dissertation topics in Higher Education

• Analyzing the Impact of Online Learning on Higher Education Post-Pandemic.
• Diversity and Inclusion: Strategies for Creating Equitable Learning Environments in Universities.
• The Role of Higher Education in Promoting Entrepreneurial Skills and Mindsets.
• Assessing the Financial Sustainability of Higher Education Institutions in the 21st Century.
• The Influence of Globalization on Curriculum Development in Higher Education.
• Mental Health Services in Universities: Accessibility and Impact on Student Success.
• The Effectiveness of Community Engagement Programs in Enhancing University Reputation and Student Experience.
• Challenges and Opportunities of Implementing E-Learning Platforms in Universities.
• The Role of Internships in Higher Education: Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice.
• Leadership Development Programs in Higher Education: Preparing the Next Generation of Leaders.

Dissertation Topics in Educational Leadership

If earlier practical workers in the field of education waited for scientists and central authorities to develop new methods, today, due to the rapid development of this area, they themselves create innovative models of pedagogical (educational) systems. Here are ten topical topics for a dissertation in the discipline.

• Exploring the Impact of Transformational Leadership on School Culture and Student Achievement.
• The Role of Educational Leaders in Addressing Equity and Social Justice Issues in Schools.
• Evaluating the Effectiveness of Professional Development Programs for School Leaders.
• Leadership Strategies for Enhancing Teacher Performance and Student Outcomes in Low-Performing Schools.
• The Impact of School Leadership on Implementing Technology-Enhanced Learning.
• Strategies for Building Resilient Educational Communities in Times of Crisis.
• The Role of School Leaders in Fostering Innovation and Creativity in Education.
• Leadership and Management Challenges in Multicultural Educational Settings.
• Assessing the Role of Ethical Leadership in Promoting Integrity and Accountability in Education.
• The Influence of Leadership Styles on Teacher Job Satisfaction and Retention.

Dissertation Topics in Business

Economic disciplines present tremendous opportunities for choosing a dissertation topic. Here are ten of them.

• The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Transforming Customer Service Operations.
• Analyzing the Impact of Social Media Marketing on Brand Loyalty among Millennials.
• Sustainable Business Practices: Evaluating the Economic Benefits of Going Green.
• The Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Buying Behavior.
• Entrepreneurship in the Digital Age: Key Factors for Success in Online Startups.
• The Impact of Brexit on European Businesses: Challenges and Opportunities.
• Global Supply Chain Management: Strategies for Mitigating Risks and Enhancing Efficiency.
• The Role of Innovation in Maintaining Competitive Advantage in the Tech Industry.
• Consumer Perceptions of Privacy and Security in E-commerce Transactions.
• The Effectiveness of Strategic Alliances in the Aviation Industry.

Dissertation Topics in Management

The dissertation on management reflects the ability of an applicant for a scientific degree to correctly create ways of effective management in production and find solutions to improve the work of socio-economic mechanisms of different directions. Here are ten topics for this discipline.

• Leadership Styles and Their Impact on Employee Motivation and Performance.
• Managing Remote Work: Strategies for Enhancing Productivity and Employee Well-being.
• The Role of Cultural Intelligence in Managing Diverse Workforces.
• Evaluating the Impact of Organizational Change on Employee Satisfaction and Turnover.
• Risk Management in Project Management: Tools and Techniques for Success.
• The Influence of Corporate Governance on Firm Performance and Accountability.
• Agile Management: Principles and Applications in Non-IT Industries.
• Consumer Behavior Analysis for Effective Retail Management.
• Strategies for Managing Innovation and Creativity in Large Organizations.
• The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Leadership and Management.

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Finance Dissertation Ideas

The financial industry is constantly undergoing changes that can be intelligently reflected in your dissertation. Here is a list of ten hot topics.

• Cryptocurrency: Investigating its Viability as a Mainstream Investment Option.
• The Impact of Interest Rate Changes on the Stock Market.
• Financial Technology (FinTech) Innovations: Implications for Traditional Banking.
• Analyzing the Effectiveness of Budgeting Practices on Organizational Financial Health.
• The Role of Microfinance in Empowering Women Entrepreneurs in Developing Countries.
• Corporate Financial Strategies for Mitigating the Impact of Economic Downturns.
• The Influence of Credit Rating Agencies on Financial Markets.
• Sustainable Finance: Exploring the Growth of Green Bonds and Their Impact on Environmental Projects.
• Behavioral Finance: How Psychological Factors Influence Investment Decisions.
• The Effect of Corporate Tax Policies on Investment and Economic Growth.

Thesis Topics in Marketing

Now let's take a look at the next ten marketing topics.

• The Impact of Influencer Marketing on Consumer Purchase Intentions in the Beauty Industry.
• Analyzing the Effectiveness of Personalized Marketing Campaigns in E-commerce.
• Sustainability in Marketing: How Green Marketing Influences Consumer Choices.
• The Role of Brand Storytelling in Building Brand Identity on Social Media.
• Consumer Perceptions of Ethical Marketing Practices and Their Impact on Brand Loyalty.
• The Influence of Augmented Reality (AR) on the Shopping Experience in Retail.
• Evaluating the Effectiveness of Content Marketing Strategies in SaaS Businesses.
• The Impact of Packaging Design on Consumer Buying Behavior in Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG).
• Digital Word of Mouth: Its Influence on Brand Reputation and Consumer Trust.
• Marketing Strategies for Engaging Generation Z: A Study of Preferences and Trends.

Law Dissertation Topics

The law is gradually changing and is the basis for the development of new topics for PhD theses. The choice is made in the field of lawmaking or changes in law enforcement practice. Below we have prepared ten hot topics.

• The Evolution of Intellectual Property Rights in the Digital Age.
• Analyzing the Impact of GDPR on Online Privacy and Data Protection.
• The Role of International Law in Managing Global Environmental Challenges.
• Legal Challenges in the Enforcement of Cybersecurity Laws Across Borders.
• The Effectiveness of Legal Frameworks in Combating Human Trafficking.
• Corporate Governance and Accountability: A Study of Recent Legal Reforms.
• The Influence of Legal Policies on Refugee and Asylum Seeker Rights.
• Comparative Analysis of Family Law: Custody Disputes Across Different Jurisdictions.
• The Legal Implications of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in the Workplace.
• Criminal Justice Reform: Evaluating the Impact of Restorative Justice Practices.

Psychology Dissertation Topics

Successful defense of a dissertation in psychology will allow you to realize your own potential in the field of research of human mental processes and get a high-paying, prestigious job. Here is a list of ten interesting topics in the discipline.

• The Psychological Impact of Social Media Usage on Teenagers.
• Exploring the Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Mental Health.
• The Effect of Workplace Stress on Employee Mental Health and Productivity.
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Its Effectiveness in Treating Anxiety Disorders.
• The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Personal and Professional Success.
• Parenting Styles and Their Impact on Child Development and Behavior.
• The Psychology of Decision Making: How Cognitive Biases Influence Choices.
• The Impact of Childhood Trauma on Adult Psychological Well-being.
• Social Isolation: Psychological Effects During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.
• The Role of Psychological Support in Chronic Illness Management.

Dissertation Topics in Nursing

Here’s a list of ten dissertation topics examples in nursing.

• The Role of Nurses in Managing Patient Anxiety in Pre-operative Settings.
• Evaluating the Effectiveness of Telehealth Nursing Practices in Rural Areas.
• The Impact of Nursing Leadership Styles on Team Performance and Patient Care.
• Strategies for Improving Pain Management in Postoperative Patients.
• The Role of Nurses in Promoting Mental Health Among Adolescents.
• Challenges and Strategies in Providing Nursing Care for Dementia Patients.
• The Impact of Nurse-Patient Ratios on Job Satisfaction and Patient Outcomes.
• Innovations in Nursing Education: Preparing Nurses for Future Healthcare Challenges.
• The Effectiveness of Nursing Interventions in Managing Chronic Heart Failure.
• Nursing Ethics: Decision-Making in End-of-Life Care.

History Dissertation Topics

Below we have prepared ten topics on this theoretical discipline.

• The Role of Propaganda in Shaping Public Opinion During World War II.
• Economic Policies and Their Impact on the Great Depression's Length and Severity.
• The Influence of the Cold War on Space Exploration Initiatives.
• Decolonization and Nationalism: A Comparative Study of African Nations Post-1945.
• The Impact of the Silk Road on Cultural Exchange Between the East and West.
• Women's Suffrage Movements: A Comparative Analysis Between Two Countries.
• The Role of Religion in the Formation of Medieval European Societies.
• The Effects of the Industrial Revolution on Urbanization and Social Class.
• The Evolution of Naval Warfare Tactics From the Napoleonic Wars to World War I.
• The Cultural and Political Impact of the Beatles in the 1960s.

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Computer Science Dissertation Ideas

When choosing a dissertation topic, keep in mind that it is based on physical and mechanical laws that have been studied and proven. The scope for creativity in such disciplines is limited, and it is really difficult to introduce something new. Here is a list of relevant topics for your dissertation.

• Developing a Machine Learning Model to Predict Stock Market Trends.
• Enhancing Cybersecurity Measures Through Blockchain Technology.
• Improving Data Privacy in Social Networks Using Cryptographic Techniques.
• Automated Detection of Fake News Using Natural Language Processing (NLP).
• The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Personalized Education.
• Developing Efficient Algorithms for Managing Big Data in Healthcare.
• Augmented Reality (AR) Applications in Enhancing E-commerce Shopping Experience.
• Internet of Things (IoT): Enhancing Smart Home Security.
• Optimizing Cloud Computing Resources for Sustainable Energy Consumption.
• The Impact of Quantum Computing on Cryptography.

Human Resources Thesis Ideas

Here is a thesis topic list in the human resources discipline.

• The Effect of Remote Work on Employee Engagement and Organizational Commitment.
• Analyzing the Impact of Diversity and Inclusion Programs on Corporate Culture.
• The Role of HR in Managing Change During Mergers and Acquisitions.
• Evaluating the Effectiveness of Employee Wellness Programs on Job Satisfaction.
• The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Recruitment and Selection Processes.
• Strategies for Developing Leadership Skills Within an Organization.
• The Influence of Organizational Culture on Talent Retention.
• Assessing the Role of Performance Appraisal Systems in Employee Development.
• The Impact of Flexible Work Arrangements on Employee Productivity.
• Ethical Considerations in Human Resource Management Practices.

Sociology Dissertation Topics

Sociology is a fairly new science, and it opens up opportunities for scientific research. Here are ten dissertation topics for a sociology discipline.

• The Impact of Social Media on Youth Identity Formation.
• Urbanization and Its Effects on Community Social Structures.
• The Role of Education in Social Mobility: A Comparative Study.
• Analyzing the Societal Impact of the Global Refugee Crisis.
• The Influence of Popular Culture on Gender Norms and Expectations.
• Social Implications of Genetic Testing and Personal Privacy.
• The Effect of Economic Inequality on Crime Rates in Urban Areas.
• Cultural Assimilation vs. Cultural Preservation Among Immigrant Communities.
• The Role of Public Spaces in Promoting Social Integration.
• The Impact of Environmental Policies on Community Health and Well-being.

Ecology Dissertation Ideas

Environmental protection is very important these days - due to the constantly growing number of the world's population, the greenhouse effect, environmental pollution, and other problems. Here are ten master-degree topics in this discipline.

• Assessing the Impact of Urbanization on Local Bird Populations.
• The Role of Coral Reefs in Marine Biodiversity and the Effects of Climate Change.
• Analyzing the Effectiveness of Plastic Pollution Reduction Strategies in Coastal Areas.
• The Impact of Invasive Species on Native Plant and Animal Communities in Wetlands.
• Evaluating the Success of Reforestation Projects in Tropical Rainforest Ecosystems.
• The Effects of Agricultural Runoff on Freshwater Ecosystems.
• Climate Change and Its Impact on Arctic Wildlife: Polar Bears and Seals.
• The Role of Bees in Pollination and the Effects of Pesticides on Bee Populations.
• Sustainable Fishing Practices and Their Impact on Marine Life Conservation.
• Analyzing the Carbon Sequestration Potential of Urban Green Spaces.

Biology Thesis Topics

Biology studies all aspects of life, in particular: structure, functioning, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms on Earth. Below we have prepared ten PhD thesis topics on this discipline.

• The Genetic Basis of Disease Resistance in Plants.
• Studying the Effects of Microplastics on Marine Invertebrates.
• The Role of Gut Microbiota in Human Health and Disease.
• Investigating the Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria.
• The Impact of Climate Change on Migratory Patterns of Birds.
• Exploring the Potential of CRISPR-Cas9 for Gene Editing in Disease Treatment.
• The Role of Epigenetics in Cancer Development.
• Analyzing the Biodiversity of Fungi in Forest Ecosystems.
• The Effects of Endocrine Disruptors on Wildlife Reproduction.
• Investigating the Role of Venom in Predator-Prey Interactions.

Art Dissertation Titles

Art is one of the general categories of aesthetics, art history, and artistic practice. Let's find out ten dissertation ideas in this discipline.

• The Evolution of Street Art and Its Role in Urban Expression.
• Analyzing the Impact of Digital Media on Traditional Painting Techniques.
• The Role of Art Therapy in Mental Health Treatment.
• Feminist Art Movements: Contributions and Impact on Contemporary Art.
• The Influence of Cultural Heritage on Modern Art Forms in Africa.
• Surrealism and Dreams: Exploring the Unconscious Mind Through Art.
• The Impact of Social Media on Contemporary Art and Artist Visibility.
• Exploring the Intersection of Technology and Art in Digital Installations.
• Art Censorship: A Study of Its Effects on Freedom of Expression.
• The Role of Museums in Preserving and Promoting Indigenous Art.

Architecture Thesis Topics

Architecture is the science of construction, design of buildings, or entire systems of structures that make up the spatial environment necessary for human life and activities. Here are ten thesis topics for this discipline.

• Sustainable Urban Planning: Strategies for Green Infrastructure in Cities.
• The Impact of Architectural Design on Human Psychology in Workspaces.
• Adaptive Reuse of Historic Buildings: Challenges and Opportunities.
• Exploring the Role of Public Spaces in Enhancing Community Engagement.
• The Influence of Climate Change on Future Architectural Practices.
• Innovative Materials and Techniques in Energy-Efficient Building Design.
• The Integration of Nature and Architecture in Biophilic Design.
• Affordable Housing Solutions for Growing Urban Populations.
• The Future of Smart Cities: Technology and Urban Development.
• Cultural Identity and Modern Architecture in the Middle East.

Political Science Topics

Political science is the science of a special sphere of people's life associated with power relations, with the state-political organization of society, political institutions, principles, norms, the action of which is designed to ensure the functioning of society, the relationship between people, society and the state. Here are ten master thesis topics for this discipline.

• The Role of Social Media in Modern Political Campaigns.
• Analyzing the Impact of Globalization on National Sovereignty.
• The Effectiveness of International Sanctions as a Foreign Policy Tool.
• The Rise of Populism in Europe: Causes and Consequences.
• Climate Change Policy: A Comparative Analysis of National Strategies.
• The Role of the United Nations in Resolving Contemporary Conflicts.
• Electoral Systems and Their Impact on Democracy and Political Stability.
• The Influence of Lobbying on Public Policy and Legislation.
• Gender Equality in Politics: Barriers and Opportunities for Women Leaders.
• The Impact of Migration on Domestic Politics in Host Countries.

The correct choice of topic is not yet a guarantee of the success of the dissertation, but this is an important stage that determines the further stages of work. Therefore, take the time and effort to find and formulate the topic. And note, that our thesis writing service is always here to help you.

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Future Research in General Medicine Has Diverse Topics and is Highly Promising: Opinions Based on a Questionnaire Survey

Affiliations.

• 1 Department of General Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan.
• 2 General Medicine Center, Shimane University Hospital, Shimane, Japan.
• 3 Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
• 4 Department of General Medicine and Emergency Care, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
• 5 Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
• 6 Department of Diagnostic and Generalist Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
• PMID: 35942291
• PMCID: PMC9356371
• DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S369856

In Japan, general medicine is still relatively new as a specialty, having been established in 2018 as the 19th primary specialty. The relevant research field has therefore not been fully established yet, and the detailed research areas in this field have not been identified. We conducted a descriptive questionnaire-based web survey of members of the Japanese Society of Hospital General Medicine. Respondents were asked to highlight their research topics from the following categories: diagnostic excellence, design (problem-solving and thinking methodology), symptomatology, physical examination, clinical epidemiology, home and community medicine, general medicine education, organizational management, hospital administration, and "none of the above (add description of your work if desired)". The respondents could choose multiple topics. There were 276 respondents (14% response rate), of whom 240 (86.9%) were male, 103 (37.3%) worked at universities, and 232 (84.1%) had previous research experience. Diagnostic excellence was the most common research topic category among generalists (n=87, 21.3%), followed by clinical epidemiology (n=83, 20.3%), symptomatology (n=41, 10.0%), home and community medicine (n=39, 9.6%), and general medicine education (n=36, 8.8%). Seventy-eight respondents (19.1%) chose "none of the above (add description of your work if desired)". The main research topics were in areas fundamental to diagnostic excellence, ie, diagnostics, diagnostic error, clinical epidemiology, and symptomatology. Home and community medicine and general medicine education were also included as research topics because of their diverse roles. The research interests of generalists are therefore diverse, and new areas and frameworks are likely to be created in the future.

Keywords: clinical research; diagnostic excellence; general medicine; medical education; research topic.

© 2022 Tago et al.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Masaki Tago is supported by grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP 18K17322 and JP21H03166. The sponsor of the study had no role in the preparation of the manuscript.

Research topics of generalists.

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• Future direction of addiction research-An expert questionnaire survey in Japan. Takahashi-Omoe H, Ide S, Miyata H, Ikeda K. Takahashi-Omoe H, et al. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep. 2021 Jun;41(2):124-133. doi: 10.1002/npr2.12175. Epub 2021 Apr 6. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep. 2021. PMID: 33821567 Free PMC article. Review.
• How Do We Establish the Utility and Evidence of General Medicine in Japan? Tago M, Hirata R, Takahashi H, Yamashita S, Nogi M, Shikino K, Sasaki Y, Watari T, Shimizu T. Tago M, et al. Int J Gen Med. 2024 Feb 22;17:635-638. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S451260. eCollection 2024. Int J Gen Med. 2024. PMID: 38410241 Free PMC article.
• The Milestones of Clinical Research for Young Generalist Physicians: Conducting and Publishing Studies. Tago M, Hirata R, Shikino K, Watari T, Sasaki Y, Takahashi H, Shimizu T. Tago M, et al. Int J Gen Med. 2023 Jun 12;16:2373-2381. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S411687. eCollection 2023. Int J Gen Med. 2023. PMID: 37333877 Free PMC article.
• Comparing Japanese University Hospitals' and Community Healthcare Facilities' Research Contributions on PubMed. Watari T, Gupta A. Watari T, et al. Int J Gen Med. 2023 Mar 15;16:951-960. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S398413. eCollection 2023. Int J Gen Med. 2023. PMID: 36945702 Free PMC article.
• Five strategies on writing research papers for beginners and young general medicine doctors. Miyagami T, Ishizuka K, Harada T, Nagano H, Otsuka Y, Kumakawa T, Yamashita S. Miyagami T, et al. J Gen Fam Med. 2023 Jan 18;24(2):141-142. doi: 10.1002/jgf2.603. eCollection 2023 Mar. J Gen Fam Med. 2023. PMID: 36909791 Free PMC article.
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Selecting a thesis topic: A postgraduate’s dilemma

Rajiv k. saini.

Department of Psychiatry, Command Hospital (EC) Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Mohan Issac

1 Department of Psychiatry, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

K. J. D. Kumar

2 Department of Psychiatry, Military Hospital, Pathankot, Punjab, India

Suprakash Chaudhury

3 Department of Psychiatry, D. Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Rachit Sharma

4 Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Ankit Dangi

5 Department of Psychiatry, Command Hospital, Panchkula, Haryana, India

It is said that well begun is half done. Choosing a thesis topic and submitting a research protocol is an essential step in the life cycle of a postgraduate resident. National Medical Commission of India mandates that all postgraduate trainees must submit at least one original research work (dissertation), one oral paper, one poster, and one publication to be eligible for final year examination. It is the duty of the faculty to ensure that trainees take active interest and submit their theses on time. However, their journey is often marred by multiple challenges and hurdles. The literature was searched from year 2000 onwards till 2011 using Pubmed, ResearchGate, MEDLINE, and the Education Resources Information Centre databases with terms related to residency training, selecting thesis topic, challenges or hurdles, and conversion of thesis into journal article. Existing literature on the subject matter is sparse. Current article advocates promotion of ethical and original research during postgraduation and proposes a checklist for residents before submission of their proposals.

INTRODUCTION

Residency is an extremely important period in the life cycle of a modern medical graduate. During this period, a resident learns to practice and acquire proficiency in a subject under guidance of a teacher. Along with acquiring new skills, it is also expected that they learn to critically analyze clinical scenarios and reach a rational conclusion. They are also expected to formulate and conduct original research which is submitted in form of a dissertation or thesis. Research work by a postgraduate should eventually translate into a scientific publication in a peer-reviewed medical journal, which helps in dissemination of thesis findings to the community and scientists. It is essential toward furthering medical knowledge, clinical practice, and the progression of science.[ 1 ] The National Medical Commission has stated the aims of completing this task as “Writing the thesis is aimed at contributing to the development of a spirit of inquiry, besides exposing the candidate to the techniques of research, critical analysis, acquaintance with the latest advances in medical science and the manner of identifying and consulting available literature.”[ 2 ]

CHOOSING THE TOPIC

The most intriguing question while conducting research is “How do I choose the right topic and will I be able to find the right answer?” Starting off with fire in the belly gives the best chance of seeing one’s work through. So, it is important to choose something that entices one’s mind and promises a gratifying result. Existing literature on the topic suggests that the journey of choosing the right topic is often marred by multiple challenges and dilemmas at various stages of this tumultuous journey. There are constraints of time, availability of resources, and support network.[ 3 ]

Therefore, students must remain open to suggestions from within and outside their minds. It is also important to allow the research area to simmer inside their mind for some time so that they can analyze various facets of the chosen area. It is at deeper layer of learning where higher order thinking skills such as analysis, synthesis, and evaluation reside. This then justifies the longer period it takes to arrive at a meaningful thesis title as it represents the highest order of cognitive reasoning referred to as “create” stage.[ 2 ] Short of this, novice researchers operate at lower order and remain “copy-paste” type of researchers.[ 4 ]

Lord “Dhanwantri” also known Physician of Gods brought “ Amrit ” elixir of life after “Samudra Manthan,” which was the result of intensive deliberations.[ 5 ] A systematic stepwise approach for answering any research question offers the best chance of finding the right answer. Succeeding paragraphs in this article shall delve into an enriching scientific journey toward zeroing onto a suitable thesis title.

Area of interest

A journey into an area of one’s interest is bound to be fulfilling. It is a good idea to review one’s past works and experiences, which may be intriguing. A frank and one-to-one discussion with the guide further helps in unravelling novel ideas. Starting with an open and fertile mind promises novel ideas and helps to sustain long-term interest and enthusiasm.[ 6 ] Tendency to merely replicate similar studies should be avoided as they fail to ignite the zest for newer information.[ 7 ] Think about why you got into your field of study. Consider what you like to read about in your free time, especially things related to your field.

From general to specific

A dissertation topic in medicine needs to be captivating and must intrigue the reader to look closer into the research work.[ 8 ] At the outset, it is a good strategy to just define a broad area and a dissertation topic need not be very specific or restrictive. The defined general area must be studied thoroughly and all its facets analyzed in detail. Look for gaps in knowledge which offer an avenue for research. For example, while studying factors responsible for relapse in alcohol dependence, doing a research on employment status of the spouse may be a good idea as it may not have been studied as extensively as other factors. It is needless to say that the student must first be familiar with the disease and all the variables which define its long-term trajectory. Medical science is an evolving field . There are factors of significance that can crop up during course of the study. Therefore, some scope for minor modifications must be kept for unexpected spinoffs. Most of the institutional review board permit minor revision of the protocols though they adhere to their own standards to safeguard interests of the patients. Authors conducted a survey and found that out of 184 submitted, 96 (52%) received requests for minor revision of research protocols. The acceptance resulted in further refinements in research methodology and outcomes.[ 9 ] Therefore, while submitting any protocol, some scope for minor change with probable reasons must be endorsed so that there are no complications while submitting final draft. After discussion with the guide, a suitable title can be given to the research proposal. Selection of the title should be such that it reflects the gist of the whole research and must attract attention of the reader. The title has a long shelf life and may be the first (and many a times, also the only) part of an article that readers see or read. Based on their understanding of the title, readers decide if the article is relevant to them or not.[ 8 ]

Do not bite more than you can chew

The average time allotted for completion of the MD/MS/DNB thesis is 2 years. It may be further reduced due to administrative delays like allotment of thesis guides and selection of topic. It is safe to assume that it takes around 1 month to finalize and submit the protocol and 2 months to write, print, and submit the complete thesis. That leaves just around year and nine months for actual and adequate data collection. All these facts must be kept in mind to ensure genuineness of data.[ 10 ]

A bird in hand is worth two in the bush

Modern medical science thrives on multispecialty approach, and it is not uncommon that students may end up with a research topic involving more than one department or more than one facility of the institution. Studies conducted during Covid pandemic are perfect examples owing to multiple facets of the illness in terms of prevention, pathophysiology, and long-term sequele.[ 11 ] A realistic check for the available resources in terms of infrastructure, availability of study materials, and support from affiliated departments must be done before finalizing the research topic. It is highly unlikely that your thesis is the first or the last research work in a particular area. Negotiating with other department/institution to regularly avail their facilities is often challenging. It is because of the difference in timing, priorities, work culture, and administrative barriers. One way to deal with it is to have a co-guide from that facility/institution. Dissertation reviewers have noticed that students often select topics that become unmanageable during course of their study. It can lead to development of stress and uncertainty about findings at the time of analysis. It was found that institutional support in terms of guidance, access to other departments, and statistical guidance improved overall performance of students and led to timely submission of thesis for publication in journals.[ 12 ]

Avoid controversy

Getting into controversy during initial years of residency is bound to raise stress levels and may dissuade the worker from continuing the research work. Field of medicine is fast evolving on the wheels of technology. Moral and ethical boundaries are slowly getting blurred. Many a times, laws are not revised and many laws are land specific. Therefore, it is a sound practice to familiarize oneself with existing laws and to take care that they are not violated. Central Drug Standard and Control Organization is the regulatory authority responsible for clinical trial oversight, approval, and inspections in India. It functions under Director General of Health Servicesand part of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The information is available online on their website and it is updated regularly. It is a good idea to visit the website and familiarize oneself about the existing laws before undertaking any research work. The website also gives information about National Ethical Guidelines for biomedical and health research involving human participants. Similarly, informed consent needs to be spelt out quite clearly and should be devoid of incomplete information or concealment of vital health related information. It is now mandatory that all research proposals be vetted by institutional ethical committee prior to submission to the university.[ 13 - 15 ]

Conformation with national health policy

Young medical professionals can contribute immensely by their research designs and valuable inputs in ratifying existing health-related measures or to suggest further refinements. This concept must always be kept in mind while formulating any research designs. Researchers of today are planners for tomorrow and their work is reflection of their goal toward health of the nation. In a comprehensive report, it was found that merely 0.5% of the 4230 thesis citations were quoted in policy decision.[ 16 ] The figures may be even lower for this country. The figures are abysmal compared to the magnitude of the research undertaken in centers of higher learning. The success of National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Program in India owes credit to sound scientific inquiries beginning in 1956. Despite stiff opposition and cultural bias, the program gained strength and helped in significantly reducing burden of iodine deficiency disorders.[ 17 ] The findings led to significant policy change and legislation supporting sale of only iodized salt in the country.

Scope for publication

Any research work is considered futile if it does not reach the stage of publication in a reputed journal. A genuine research must eventually translate into a research article. It has become increasingly difficult to translate thesis into a scientific publication in an indexed journal due to stringent standards and peer review. In a retrospective analysis of 85 theses, it was found that the conversion rate to peer-reviewed publication was 32.5%. The most common reasons for not publishing were a lack of originality and poor design. The authors further encouraged publication of full length articles as it helped residents in long term.[ 18 ] Originality of research, sound methodology, and analysis of data besides cogency in manuscript writing have been defining factors that promote acceptance of an article in a reputed journal.[ 19 ] Lure of quick publishing in a predatory journal can be damaging in the long run. Young and inexperienced authors publishing in a predatory journal must be aware of the damage of their reputation, of inadequate peer-review processes and that these journals might get closed any time for variety of reasons. Such publishing harms the scientific community in the long run, and hence such an approach is best avoided.[ 20 ] It is prudent practice to check whether an intended journal is predatory or not from the https://predatoryjournals.com/journals/or Beall’s list (https://beallslist.net/). Similarly, increasing the score by “salami” publication is unethical and should be avoided.

Familiarization with research methodology

Imagine you are gifted a do-it-yourself kit to build a plane which can fly. It is meant for an age group of 18 years or more and should take 1 h to assemble. It has all the wheels, gears, levers, motors, wires, motherboard, etc., required to assemble it into a functioning plane. The kit also has a manual. How long should it take to assemble? 60 min? Now imagine trying to assemble without the manual. It may be extremely difficult if not impossible to assemble the plane and is surely bound to take much longer. Research methodology is exactly like a manual for research. A major confounding factor in medical research is student’s conceptual understanding and comfort level with research methodology.[ 21 ] Findings indicate that there were noticeable differences in perspectives regarding what constitutes research methodology and its utility at least during the first year of residency.[ 21 ] Familiarizing with basic research methods is now mandated for all the medical postgraduates before they submit their research proposals, and free certificate online courses are available on their website. Writing a thesis during MD/MS and DNB courses, without having a correct research methodology planning, is practically impossible. Some of the prominent causes of rejection of submitted manuscripts are poor methodology, small sample size, and poor statistical analysis.[ 22 ] Furthermore, postgraduate students choose research methodology based on a number of factors such as familiarity with a method, methodological orientation of the primary supervisor, the domain of study, and the nature of research problems pursued. Participants reported key challenges that they faced in understanding research methodology include framing research questions, understanding the theory or literature and its role in shaping research outcomes, and difficulties in performing data analysis.[ 23 ]

Motivation level of the researcher

Dr APJ Abdul Kalam, former president of India, quoted that “Dream is not that you see in sleep but it is something that doesn’t let you sleep.” No research work will reach its logical conclusion till the time a researcher has strong motivation to pursue it. Another factor that defines sustained interest in thesis topic is motivation. As described by David Langford, there exists a continuum from extrinsic to intrinsic motivation.[ 24 ] Extrinsic motivation basically refers to a situation wherein the students are ordered (to study). As we move along this continuum, the quality of learning improves consistently with the maturing of the relationship between teacher and student. The culmination of the relationship occurs when the teacher becomes an enabler while the student becomes an active self-learner (intrinsic motivation). The process involves a definitive element of mentorship. In traditional Indian context, Gurukul envisages a firm and enduring relationship between “Guru” (teacher) and “Shishya” (student). Vedas in ancient times were combined with prepared commentaries in the form of “Upanisads.” The term upanisad refers to “Sitting down near a teacher in order to learn.” Though many students have inherent intrinsic motivation, a dynamic “Guru” can really shape the “Shishya.” Though the concept is old, it still remains relevant in modern times because learning medical practice is both art and science and best habits are still passed on to the next generation by trained and experienced teachers.[ 25 ]

WHAT CAN HELP POSTGRADUATE THESIS SELECTION?

The authors of this article put their minds together to devise a questionnaire that can act as a checklist for the residents before they actually submit their draft proposal for submission [ Table 1 ]. The checklist contains 10 questions and the responses can be marked from strongly disagree to strongly agree on a five-point likert scale. The checklist can be self-administered and the responses will give an insight into the lacunae. The residents can gradually work on these lacunae so that they feel at ease during the fantastic journey of scientific research and publication.

Postgraduate thesis topic selection questionnaire

Note: Rate your responses after regular intervals while preparing your research proposal and work on areas that feel difficult

Choosing thesis topic and submitting the protocols is an important milestone in the career of a postgraduate resident. However, its importance cannot be undermined from the fact that it is usually the first scientific pursuit of a medical graduate. Challenges and hurdles are expected but can be overcome with sustained and systematic effort. The authors of this article reviewed the literature concerning this topic and found some key areas which a resident must familiarize with before finalizing their research topic. The postgraduate thesis selection questionnaire can further act as a checklist to facilitate the process.

Financial support and sponsorship

Minds United for Health Sciences & Humanity Trust, IToP STEPS program grant.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

Acknowledgment

Minds United for Health Sciences & Humanity Trust, IToP STEPS program grant for financial support and motivation.

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Thesis Topics for MS Surgery ( selected ) AIIMS

Thesis topics for ms – surgery ( selected ) aiims.

• Accuracy of Sentinel node biopsy in predicting axillary nodal status following neo adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer. Co -Guide.
• Role of in vitro MR spectroscopy in evaluation of lymph nodes in patients with lymphadenopathy. Co-Guide.
• Effect of bisphosphonates on bone mineral density after renal transplantation as assessed by bone mineral densitometry
• Evaluation of Feasibility and Performance of Minimally invasive Radioguided Parathyroidectomy in Established Cases of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
• Evaluation of the role of Pneumatic Compression Pump in the management of Post-Mastectomy Lymphedema
• Factors affecting incidence of early postoperative complications
• Three port vs. four ports laparoscopic cholecystectomy- A prospective randomized controlled study
• Focused abdominal sonography in trauma (FAST) in patients with blunt trauma abdomen- A prospective study
• Post cholecystectomy symptoms following laparoscopic cholecystectomy
• Ambulatory Laparoscopic hernia repair: A feasibility study
• Evaluation of early outcomes and quality of life after day care conventional inguinal hernia repair
• Role of centchroman in management of mastalgia and fibroadenoma” – a randomized study
• Relationship of Serum TSH with Thyroid Vascularity assessed at operation.
• Advanced Sentinel lymph Node evaluation in breast and head and neck cancers.
• To study the burden of post – operative surgical site infections in clean and clean contaminated operations.
• To evaluate the role of intra – abdominal pressure as a predictor of abdominal wound dehiscence.
• Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk factors in renal transplant recipients
• CMV disease in transplantation (Microbiology)
• Total extra peritoneal hernia repair comparison of space creation by direct telescope vs. balloon dissection- A randomized controlled study
• Standardized mesh repair for inguinal hernia- A pilot study
• To study the feasibility of fast track thyroidectomy
• Post operative surgical site infection in clean and clean contaminated operations
• B hCG expression inpatients with benign and malignant breast diseases
• Prospective Study to evaluate the role of Helicobacter pylori in benign and malignant hepatobiliary disease
• “Mammotome guided biopsy for indeterminate breast lesions following fine needle aspiration cytology
• Radical duct excision for nipple discharge (benign breast disease) – its long term follow up.
• Role of Centchroman in regression of Mastalgia and regression of Fibroadenoma and its correlation to histopathology and estrogen and progesterone receptor.
• Safety and efficacy of autologous stem cells in prevention of amputation in patients with chronic critical limb: a randomized multi-centric study.
• Standardized open mesh repair for primary inguinal hernia – A Pilot Study.
• Role of FDG PET-CT in evaluation of axillary lymph node involvement   in T1 T2 N0 M0 breast cancer in comparison with Sentinel node Biopsy.
• “Evaluation of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer” in collaboration with Department of Radiotherapy, Radiology & Pathology.
• “Sentinel lymph node biopsy for locally advanced breast carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy” in collaboration with Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pathology, and Radiotherapy.

3. Characterization of thymoma using F18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET – CT) and its     correlation with histopathology in collaboration with Department of Nuclear Medicine & Pathology. 4. Evaluation of patients with primary mediastinal lymphadenopathy using FDG-PET-CT scan and its correlation with    histopathology – A prospective study in collaboration with Medicine, Nuclear Medicine & pathology. 5. Clinical co-relation of ER, PR, HER2 neu expression and BRCA1 gene mutations in Indian breast cancer patients.

Collaborative Research (Ongoing)   1. Quality of life of live related donors ( Nephrology) 2. Molecular typing and detection of Mupirocin and Methicillin Resistant Staph aureus ( Microbiology) 3. Cytokine Gene Polymorphismin Renal Transplant Patients (Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics) 4. Outcome after laparoscopic cardiomyotomy – early and late” in collaboration with Department of     Gastroenterology. 5.  Efficacy and feasibility of regional anaesthesia compared to general anaesthesia for totally extraperitoneal      laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in collaboration with Department of Anaesthesiology. 6. “Breast cancer: local tumour staging by MRI and its impact on therapeutic approach” in collaboration with      Department of Radiodiagnosis & Pathology. 7. “Evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with early breast cancer using PET scan in collaboration with      Department of Endocrinology, Pathology and Nuclear Medicine 8. Characterization of thymoma using F18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET – CT) and its    correlation with histopathology in collaboration with Department of Nuclear Medicine & Pathology. 9. Evaluation of patients with primary mediastinal lymphadenopathy using FDG-PET-CT scan and its correlation with    histopathology – A prospective study in collaboration with Medicine, Nuclear Medicine & pathology.

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