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What Is a CNA?

A CNA, or certified nursing assistant, is an entry-level member of a patient’s healthcare team, performing important patient-centered tasks under the supervision of licensed nursing staff. Although a CNA is not a nurse, they work very closely with nurses, physicians, and other healthcare providers.

Becoming a CNA  is the path that many people take to start their career in healthcare. Some may move onto more advanced levels of nursing, while others are satisfied with the many rewards of working as a CNA. In either case, it will take you an average of only 10 weeks—and possibly as few as four—to complete the necessary education to become a certified nursing assistant.

This page will discuss typical CNA responsibilities and tasks, where CNAs work, the types of patients they interact with, the pros and cons of the job, and more.

What Does a CNA Do?

CNAs ensure the wellbeing of their patients by performing a variety of tasks that help with daily living activities. Because CNAs typically spend more time with patients than nurses or doctors, they understand their behaviors and health statuses.

They get to know each patient, their typical behaviors, and their general state of health and are often the first to notice physical or emotional changes. Whether identifying decreased mobility, increased pain, or memory issues, CNAs play important roles in the early detection of symptoms and may identify issues that other healthcare personnel do not.

Individual tasks can vary based on where a CNA works and the type of patients they serve, but typical responsibilities include:

• Answering call buttons and alerting nurses to emergencies
• Monitoring patient needs and reporting any issues to other healthcare personnel
• Helping patients with their daily needs, such as eating, bathing, dressing, and toileting
• Ensuring patient comfort by changing bedding, filling water jugs, and positioning items so they are in reach
• Repositioning patients in beds
• Helping patients move from a bed to a chair or wheelchair and back
• Assisting with lifting patients from their bed to examination tables, surgical tables, or stretchers

Depending on state regulations and facility requirements, some CNAs may perform additional advanced duties that include:

• Measuring and recording food and liquid consumption
• Accompanying patients to off-site doctor appointments
• Stocking or issuing medical supplies, such as dressing packs or treatment trays
• Measuring vital signs, including blood pressure, oxygen level, and temperature
• Explaining medical procedures and tests to patients and their families
• Dispensing medication as prescribed
• Changing dressings and bandages
• Setting up equipment such as oxygen tents, portable radiograph (X-ray) equipment, or IVs
• Assisting in minor medical procedures

Is CNA Considered a Nurse?

As their titles imply, certified nursing assistants “assist” nurses and other physicians rather than working as official nurses themselves. That said, CNAs are vital members of the nursing profession. For CNAs to practice, they must be under the supervision of registered nurses or licensed practical nurses. Because they are not legally responsible for the medical care of the patients, they must practice under those who are.

Where Do CNAs Work?

CNAs work in various healthcare settings, including general and specialty hospitals, nursing homes, assisted living establishments, and rehabilitation facilities. In some cases, their non-routine duties may be somewhat dependent on where they work.

The patient populations CNAs work with can also vary along with the work setting. CNAs in hospitals might work in wards with specific age groups, such as infants or young children. They may work in specialty hospitals with cancer patients or patients with other specific health conditions.

CNAs who work in nursing homes deal with elderly patients, while those who work in rehabilitation facilities may interface with patients of all ages with various ailments or diseases. CNAs in memory care facilities have the challenge of working with patients who have Alzheimer’s disease or dementia.

As a CNA, you have an abundance of options. You can work in environments and with populations that you are interested in and most comfortable with.

Pros and Cons of Becoming a CNA

As with any career, there are advantages and disadvantages to pursuing a career as a CNA.

Pros of CNA Work

• Quick entrance: Some fast-track CNA programs take between four to six weeks to complete, making it easy for students who want to enter the field quickly. Rather than spending two years working toward an associate degree, CNAs can start earning money in less than two months.
• No prerequisites: Unlike some nursing degree programs that require learners to complete a set number of prerequisite classes before even being admitted, CNA programs require only a high school diploma or GED.
• Many job openings: The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that jobs for nursing assistants will grow by 8% between 2020-2030, leading to the creation of more than 115,000 new jobs — in addition to those that become available due to job turnover.
• Ability to test the waters: Individuals who think they may want to go into nursing but aren’t ready to commit to a longer program can try out work as a CNA to help them make an informed decision. As a CNA, you will regularly be exposed to nurses and the tasks they perform, which can help you determine whether you want to pursue that path.
• Make a difference: The work of a CNA can often feel thankless, but in reality, it greatly improves the lives of those they serve. Aside from performing daily tasks, CNAs get to know their patients and can serve as bright spots in their days—especially during challenging times when family can’t visit.

Cons of CNA Work

• Low wages: In 2020, CNAs earned median wages of $30,850 —far below the median wage of $75,330 for registered nurses. Nursing professionals who want to earn better salaries will typically need to pursue additional education.
• Physicality: As the list of responsibilities highlighted above indicates, much of the work a CNA does involves heavy lifting, bending over or stretching, and being on your feet for long periods. Individuals with physical ailments or injuries may find these roles too strenuous.
• Demanding: Working with patients facing health challenges can be extremely rewarding but also stressful. Whether losing a patient or dealing with those who are chronically irritated or angry, CNAs often face the brunt of others’ pain, suffering, and confusion.
• Limited room for growth: Unless a practicing CNA wants to complete a bridge program or a degree, CNA positions offer little room for growth. Some may decide to move to administrative positions, but they’re often unable to move up the nursing ladder without heading back to school.
• Scheduling difficulties: Many CNAs report regularly being required to work weekends as part of their employment. Some also have rotating shifts, meaning they work different days or times each week. Individuals looking for consistency may find this challenging—especially after doing it for a while.

Is CNA a Good Career?

Working as a certified nursing assistant can offer great career benefits for individuals with a passion for helping others. In some cases, your work as a CNA may be less involved than others. According to one Reddit user who works at a nonprofit healthcare facility for the homeless, their patients are “typically independent, and I’m pretty much responsible for vitals, bed making, and handing out snacks.” They continue, “Occasionally we have patients with higher levels of care, but our patients are usually totally self sufficient.”

In other cases, especially nursing homes or long-term care facilities, CNAs spend much of their time helping with tasks such as showering, toileting, and eating. “I’m responsible for senior citizens, getting them up in the morning,” says CNA Ashley Taylor on her YouTube channel. “It is dirty work, you have to change them and get them ready for the day. If you’re good with kids, this job is no different besides the age, honestly.”

Some CNAs know they want to work in hospital settings but need to gain experience elsewhere first if they’re straight out of training. “I knew I wanted to work at a hospital but coming straight out of the CNA program and getting my CNA license, I knew that hospitals probably wouldn’t hire someone with no experience,” says YouTube vlogger Rachel . “I knew that I needed to work at a nursing home or somewhere like that to get experience.”

What Makes a Great CNA?

CNAs are on the frontlines of providing basic patient care, making patients feel comfortable and calm, and seeing that their needs are met. To do these tasks well, CNAs need to possess a wide variety of skills and traits.

Dependability

CNAs must be reliable and responsible to complete the many tasks required to care for patients. Failing to be dependable as a CNA can have dire consequences for those who cannot care for themselves.

Providing an understanding ear for your patient and caring about their needs is a key part of the job. Many of these patients can feel quite vulnerable having someone else help them perform daily living tasks.

You might work with people whose ages, ethnicities, or lifestyles are different from your own. Being able to put yourself in their shoes will go a long way in providing empathetic care.

Ability to Work in a Team

As a CNA, you will interface with many different people throughout your shifts. In addition to supporting patients with their needs and answering questions from families, you will also communicate with nurses, doctors, and other professionals to ensure patients receive the care they need.

CNAs can often find themselves in stressful situations. From helping a patient with dementia who can become disoriented and lash out to carefully turning a patient on a ventilator, being able to manage your stress and stay calm will help everyone—including your patients.

It’s not always easy to work with people who are hurting, scared, or frustrated about their inability to do the things they used to do. Some patients can be demanding, irritable, stubborn, and otherwise trying. Being patient and realizing the cause of these behaviors will help you deal more effectively with patients and their families.

Communication

Do you enjoy talking with others? Can you communicate clearly and effectively? Effective communication is an important requirement for CNAs. You will be communicating with various people, including patients, family members, nurses, doctors, and other healthcare staff. Being able to relay information in a way that is understandable and useful is a must.

Physical Fitness

While you don’t have to be a super athlete to be a CNA, keep in mind that the job of a CNA is not a sedentary one. You will be doing a lot of walking, and you may be lifting, moving, or turning patients.

Lack of Squeamishness

Your work with patients will involve dealing with personal bodily functions, as well as blood and injuries. If you are at all squeamish, being a CNA is probably not the career for you.

What to Expect as a CNA

In truth, CNAs can experience substantially different workdays based on where they work, the type of patients they care for, and their work hours. For example, a CNA working nights and weekends in a nursing home typically has a different experience than working three 12-hour shifts per week in a neonatal unit.

CNAs typically work shifts lasting eight or 12 hours, with those taking the 12-hour shifts getting an extra day off. Eight-hour shifts usually last from 7:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m., 3:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m., or 11:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. Most jobs consist of 32-40 hours per week, and many positions require CNAs to work at least one weekend shift every month.

FAQs About Certified Nursing Assistant Jobs

If you’re thinking about becoming a CNA, you may still have some questions about the career. There are some of the most frequently asked questions about the CNA profession.

How Much Do CNAs Make?

As of May 2020, nursing assistants earned average annual salaries of $32,050 . Those in the top 10% of earners received an average of $42,110, while those in the bottom 10% earned just $22,750. Salaries for CNAs can vary substantially, so individuals considering this path should research and make sure typical earnings meet their needs.

How Long Does It Take to Become a Certified Nursing Assistant?

Becoming a certified nursing assistant can take varying lengths of time, from four weeks to three months, depending on specific programs and student schedules. Those who want to enter the field as quickly as possible can find accelerated programs that take just a few weeks to complete, while students with busier schedules may prefer a longer part-time option. Look into several different programs to find the one that meets your needs.

Is CNA the Same as Medical Assistant?

Both CNAs and medical assistants operate in healthcare support roles, but their training requirements and responsibilities differ. CNAs spend their days providing direct patient care, including many of the responsibilities outlined throughout this guide.

Medical assistants straddle the line between administrative and clinical tasks. Part of the day, they may answer phones, schedule patient appointments, or organize filing systems. At other times they may administer shots and medication, assist physicians during exams, or take vital signs.

Is Nursing Assistant the Same as a CNA?

While some nursing assistant positions don’t require certification, those jobs may not involve the medical care responsibilities that CNAs typically have. Individuals who plan on completing further education at some point to become an LPN, RN, or other nursing professional should make sure they become certified. Earning this qualification will also help you stand out from other candidates during the job interview process.

Is CNA a Degree?

CNA is not a degree but rather a certification. Because it takes only a few weeks to months to become a CNA, these training programs are much shorter than nursing degree programs. That said, nursing assistants who decide they want to continue on the CNA career path can pursue a degree.

How Do I Get My CNA Certification?

The first step to receiving CNA certification is to complete a certified nursing training program. Many state boards of nursing provide a list of approved programs to help students pick a reputable option.

After completing all requirements, graduates must take the CNA certification exam administered by their state and receive a passing grade. They can then apply for licensure. To maintain licensure, CNAs must follow continuing education hour requirements set by their state board of nursing.

What Else Do You Need to Know?

Now that you’ve gotten an overview of what the job of the CNA involves, there are other things you probably want to know about the career as well. What is the outlook for CNAs? How much can I earn? How do I become a CNA? You can find answers to these questions by checking out other pages on PremierNursingAcademy.com:

• How to Become a CNA
• CNA Job Outlook and Salary
• CNA Career Paths
• Health Care Education Paths

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Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) Career Overview

• Career Overview
• Duties and Responsibilities
• How To Become

Are you ready to earn your online nursing degree?

Are you looking for a quick way to enter the healthcare field? A career as a certified nursing assistant (CNA) could be for you. CNAs, sometimes called a nursing assistant or nurse aide, are a part of the healthcare team who works under the supervision of a registered nurse (RN).

Requiring only 4-16 weeks, a CNA license is the fastest way to enter the healthcare field. Keep reading for more on CNA responsibilities, education, and salaries.

What Does a CNA Do?

CNAs are essential care providers in hospitals, nursing homes, and residential care centers, assisting patients with basic activities, such as moving, eating, dressing, and staying sanitary. They also support nurses and other care providers by taking vital signs, including temperature and blood pressure.

While CNAs do not provide medical care, they must have enough healthcare knowledge to recognize when to call for a nurse or other clinician to assess a situation where the patient’s health might be at risk.

JGI/Tom Grill / Getty Images

Key Responsibilities

• Helping patients stay clean, comfortable, and groomed
• Assisting patients with eating and drinking
• Helping patients physically to move, such as by getting them in and out of bed or helping them change positions
• Taking vitals and recognizing possible warning signs, such as changes in blood pressure or indications of an infected wound

Career Traits

• Written and oral communication
• Physical stamina
• Interpersonal skills including patience and compassion
• Attention to detail
• Time management

Where Do Certified Nursing Assistants Work?

According to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data from July 2022, 96% of CNAs work in skilled nursing facilities, hospitals, residential care facilities, or home health care. CNAs do many of the same duties in all of these work settings. These responsibilities include assisting patients with daily tasks, communicating with other members of the healthcare team, checking patients’ vital signs, and following facility and legal procedures about safety.

Nursing and residential care facilities

CNAs mostly care for older adults admitted for longer periods of time and who need help with daily activities. Entry-level CNAs may find more opportunities in these work settings.

CNAs care for patients of all ages who stay for shorter periods of time and have various conditions, which allows for more opportunities to learn. Experienced CNAs are preferred.

Home Health Care

CNAs work out of patients’ homes and can be asked to perform additional duties outside of their CNA scope of practice, such as cleaning, cooking, and running errands.

Why Become a Certified Nursing Assistant?

The pros of being a CNA make the career a popular choice for people who want to eventually advance their nursing career. However, the cons of being a CNA can be significant.

Advantages of Becoming a CNA

Disadvantages of becoming a cna, how to become a cna.

You must complete a training program that includes 75 hours of training , including at least 16 hours of supervised practical training. Required subjects in a CNA program include residents’ rights, personal care skills, basic nursing skills, basic restorative skills, caring for cognitively impaired residents, and mental and social services needs.

You must have a high school or GED diploma to enroll in a certified nursing assistant program before you can sit for a state licensure exam. After passing the exam, you receive your CNA license and get added to your state’s registry. Then, you can start applying for positions as a CNA.

How Much Do Certified Nursing Assistants Make?

The BLS projects 8% job growth for CNAs between 2020 and 2030. BLS projects 192,800 job openings for CNAs each year.

CNAs make an average of $13.97 an hour for a total average annual salary of $30,000, according to Payscale data from July 2022 . The lowest 10% of CNAs make $10.73 hourly, while the highest 10% of earners take home $17.98 hourly. Skills, experience level, work setting, and location can affect how much money CNAs make .

CNAs with skills, such Microsoft Excel, office administration, medical terminology, typing, and cognitive behavioral therapy, earn higher-than-average salaries, according to Payscale data from July 2022.

CNAs with 10-19 years of experience earn 4% more than average. CNAs with more than 20 years of experience earn about 8% more than average.

According to BLS data from May 2021 , junior colleges, scientific research and development services, and the federal executive branch offer CNAs higher-than-average pay.

Frequently Asked Questions about Certified Nursing Assistants

What is the role of a cna.

CNAs help the healthcare team carry out the care plan, assist the patient with daily living activities, and report any changes in patient ability or needs to their supervisor.

How long does it take to become a CNA?

CNA programs can range from 4-16 weeks, but the process may take longer if you are balancing other commitments. After the CNA program, you can complete the clinical hours and take the exam. The whole process can take six months or more, depending on your state’s requirements.

What’s the difference between a registered nurse and a CNA?

Registered nurses (RN) and other healthcare professionals work under the authority of their own license. CNAs work under the authority of the license of the RN who supervises them.

Is being a CNA hard?

The heavy workload, long shifts, and physical demands of being a CNA can be hard for some individuals.

Related Pages

18 Reasons to Choose a Career as a CNA

CNA training opens doors to a nursing career without the time and financial commitments of earning a degree and includes options to take CNA classes online.

Should I Become an LPN or a CNA?

LPN vs. CNA? This guide answers questions like how long an LPN or a CNA program takes to complete and how to become an LPN or a CNA.

Most Common Jobs for CNAs

While there are a lot of certified nursing assistant (CNA) jobs in hospitals, home healthcare, and long-term care facilities, opportunities abound in some surprising settings.

Whether you’re looking to get your pre-licensure degree or taking the next step in your career, the education you need could be more affordable than you think. Find the right nursing program for you.

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HESI vs. TEAS Exam: The Differences Explained

Nursing schools use entrance exams to make admissions decisions. Learn about the differences between the HESI vs. TEAS exams.

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What is a CNA?

If you have an interest in nursing, you’ve probably run across the acronym “CNA.” But what is a CNA in healthcare, and how does this profession differ from other careers in nursing?

CNA stands for “certified nursing assistant,” an entry-level role that provides vital support to both patients and nurses. From transporting, bathing, and feeding hospital patients, to stocking medical supplies and logging patient information, CNAs are on the ground working to enhance patient outcomes. While a CNA is not classified as a nurse, this position is a fantastic entry point for dozens of different nursing careers .

Read on to learn more about what a CNA does, how to become a CNA, and the qualities that a certified nursing assistant should possess, along with information about CNA salary expectations and job outlook. For additional details about this career field, or to learn more about the nursing programs and certificates we offer at National University, contact our admissions officers for one-on-one support. We also recommend reading about some additional nursing and healthcare careers, such as becoming a Registered Nurse (RN), to help you determine what sort of specialty or focus area is the best fit for your interests and goals.

What Does a CNA Do?

As a CNA, you’ll provide basic care and support for patients under the supervision of a licensed nurse or other medical professional, which covers a wide range of responsibilities. Here are a few of the job tasks and duties that you may be responsible for in your role as a certified nursing assistant:

• Answering calls from patients and making sure they’re as comfortable as possible
• Checking and monitoring patients’ vital signs
• Cleaning medical supplies and equipment
• Communicating patients’ questions and concerns to nurses
• Assist in dressing, bathing, and grooming patients
• Ensuring that safety protocols and procedures are carried out properly
• Following patient privacy rules and applying professional ethics
• Gathering and stocking various medical supplies
• Helping to ensure that patients’ nutritional and hydration needs are met
• Keeping patients clean and attending to patient hygiene
• Moving and transporting patients, such as helping patients get in and out of beds or wheelchairs

How Do I Become a CNA, and How Long Does it Take?

Becoming a CNA does not require you to hold a bachelor’s or master’s degree. In fact, as we’ll discuss in more detail shortly, there is no specific degree requirement to become a CNA — all you need is a high school diploma or its equivalent. However, there are rigorous testing requirements for CNAs, who must demonstrate their proficiency in a wide range of areas, such as patient care, hygiene, privacy, ethics, technical clinical skills, and various other competencies.

If there is no educational requirement, but you are still tested on your knowledge, how do you acquire the skills and expertise you need? The answer is that most states offer a wide range of CNA training programs, which can typically be completed in as little as four to eight weeks. Of course, if your goal is to transition from being a CNA into another healthcare role, such as becoming a registered nurse (RN), you should start planning on pursuing your bachelor’s degree or master’s degree to prepare you for more complex job responsibilities in the future.

Read on to learn more about the educational requirements for CNAs, the examination you’ll be required to pass, and what sort of content it covers.

Educational Requirements for CNAs

You may be surprised to learn that there is no degree requirement to become a CNA. In fact, some states allow CNAs to enter professional training programs If they have a high school diploma or are in a high school CNA program.

Because the educational requirements are minimal compared to those for many other healthcare professions, CNA is an attractive entry-level career for individuals who are studying or have an interest in nursing. However, just because there are different education requirements, that doesn’t mean aspiring CNAs aren’t held to high standards or rigorously tested on their knowledge. On the contrary, CNA hopefuls must pass a challenging written and hands-on exam in order to demonstrate competence — and apply to become certified.

CNA Certification and Exam Requirements

CNA certification exams are administered at the state level, which means that different rules and regulations apply depending on your location. For example, California CNA testing vendors are listed here by the California Department of Public Health, which also provides detailed information about CNA training programs, CNA applications and renewals, and various state and federal requirements.

Most states require CNAs to pass a specific exam known as the National Nurse Aide Assessment Program (NNAAP) examination, which is administered in 17 jurisdictions nationwide — all listed here by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, or NCSBN. The NNAAP features two key components: a written exam component and a clinical skills exam. Continue reading to learn more about these components of the NNAAP, along with whether CNAs can provide care for a wide variety of patients including those on specialty units.

Certification: Written Exam

According to the test preparation company Prometric, the written exam portion of the National Nurse Aide Assessment Program (NNAAP) examination features a total of “70 multiple-choice items, 10 of which are non-scored items that will only collect statistical information.” Credentia, which administers the exam in California, offers a practice NNAAP written exam for California test-takers.

Along with the clinical portion of the exam, which is discussed in the next section, the written component tests students on three core areas of knowledge: Physical Care Skills (such as dressing patients or collecting data), Psychosocial Care Skills (like attending to patients’ emotional needs), and the Role of the Nurse Aide (which touches on areas like ethics and client rights). This portion is also available as an oral exam and is offered in English and Spanish.

Certification: Clinical Skills Exam

The clinical skills (hands on) exam portion of the CNA exam is composed of five basic skills, such as measuring and recording vital signs, handwashing, and mobility assistance. “is composed of 60 multiple-choice items and 10 reading comprehension (word recognition) items,” according to Mometrix. You can view a practice NNAAP exam here , or explore the California CNA test prep resources offered by Credentia, which administers the test.

Can You Specialize?

Although CNA is an entry-level position, there may be opportunities for certified nursing assistants to obtain valuable experience in various specialty areas. According to CNALicense.org , the top five areas where CNAs work in 2022 are cardiology, pediatrics, geriatrics, psychiatry, and home care. However, as CNALicense also points out, it may be necessary to formally earn an entry level BSN degree before you can specialize in your chosen field — for example, earning your bachelor’s degree and becoming an RNso that you can pursue more job openings within this field.

What Qualities Should a CNA Possess?

Being a CNA is a physically and sometimes emotionally demanding job that can place you into high-pressure situations, requiring a level-headed demeanor and the ability to maintain your professionalism even when the environment around you feels chaotic. You’ll also need the ability to help a diverse population of patients feel more at ease with procedures and environments that, for many people, can be stressful or intimidating.

These types of tasks call for a caring individual who possesses a high degree of empathy, exceptional communication skills, and great interpersonal skills. Here are some of the other skills and characteristics that a CNA should have in order to optimize their success in this career field:

• Being a team player
• Careful attention to detail
• Dependability and accountability
• Patience and compassion
• Physical fitness
• Willingness to engage in tasks like bathing and lifting patients
• Excellent communication skills
• Knowledge of medical terminology

How is a Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) Different From a Medical Assistant (MA)?

We’ve covered what a CNA is, the sorts of traits and qualifications they need to possess, and what sorts of tasks they typically perform. Now that you understand what a CNA does, it’s important to differentiate this role from the position of medical assistant, or MA.

According to the American Association of Medical Assistants (AAMA), “Medical assistants are cross-trained to perform administrative and clinical duties.” Examples of an MA’s typical administrative duties include coding insurance documents, making arrangements for patients to be admitted to hospitals, answering phones, and assisting with billing and bookkeeping. Examples of clinical duties, by comparison, may include preparing patients for various exams, caring for wounds and changing dressings, conducting certain lab tests, and helping physicians conduct patient examinations.

While this job description shares some overlap with that of a CNA, the critical difference is that CNAs exclusively perform clinical tasks, such as moving and bathing patients. Additionally, there are differences in terms of salary expectations. For example, Salary.com reports that MAs earn an average salary of approximately $39,100 in the United States. Like CNAs, MAs do not need to possess a bachelor’s or master’s degree but must have a high school diploma or the equivalent, in addition to meeting state-specific certification requirements.

Where Do Certified Nursing Assistants Work?

Certified nursing assistants are needed in all types of healthcare settings, from nursing homes and memory care facilities for patients with Alzheimer’s disease, to the pediatric wards of hospitals. As such, CNAs have opportunities to work in a wide range of settings and environments, interacting directly with injured or ill patients — as well as the nurses and healthcare professionals who are treating them.

Examples of the types of facilities and organizations where CNAs typically work include, but are not limited to, the following:

• Ambulatory healthcare services (same-day care services), such as dialysis centers
• Assisted living facilities and communities
• Home healthcare services, which involves traveling directly to the patient’s home
• Nursing care facilities (which are also referred to as “skilled nursing facilities”) and rehabilitation centers
• State, private, and local hospitals, such as children’s hospitals and Veteran’s hospitals

Salary Expectation and Career Outlook for a Certified Nursing Assistant

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) provides detailed data about earning potential, job growth, and other important metrics for a wide range of careers and occupations. According to the BLS, nursing assistants (and orderlies, with whom CNAs are categorized) earned a median salary of $30,290 as of 2021, the most recent data available. The median salary was higher in the top-paying industries and employers for CNAs, which the BLS ranked as follows:

• Government organizations — $37,310
• State, local, and private hospitals — $35,870
• Skilled nursing facilities — $29,970
• “Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly” — $29,900
• “Home healthcare services” — $29,280

The earning potential may be higher for some CNAs. According to the BLS, the top 10% of earners had a salary of over $44,200. It’s also important to reiterate that many individuals transition from being a CNA into other nursing and healthcare career paths, such as radiation therapy, which has a median salary of approximately $82,800 annually according to BLS data . We’ll discuss how CNAs transition to other nursing positions, such as becoming a radiation therapist, in the section below.

In terms of career outlook for the future, the BLS projects the CNA field to grow at a rate of 5% through 2031. This is the same pace as the national average, which is also 5%.

How do CNAs Transition to Other Nursing Positions?

As we’ve mentioned throughout this guide, CNA positions are excellent entry-level positions that provide essential experience and preparation for more specialized nursing roles. But how do you actually transition from being a CNA to being a nurse?

First, you should identify the type of nurse you want to become, since this will impact your degree requirements and the amount of time you’ll need to invest in your education. For example, a registered nurse must generally possess a bachelor’s degree or higher, while a nurse anesthetist is typically required to hold, at minimum, a master’s degree.

Whether you’re pursuing a bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral degree in nursing, National University’s four-week course structure and online learning options enable you to earn credits and complete programs efficiently, so that you can hit the ground running in your specialty area of choice. For example, start by exploring our Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program.

In addition to earning the appropriate degree, it’s also essential to earn any licenses or certifications that are required by your state, which may require you to pass one or more professional exams. For instance, to become a licensed RN in the state of California, you will need to pass the National Council Licensing Examination (NCLEX) exam. This requirement is upheld by the California Board of Registered Nursing (CBRN), whose steps and criteria for becoming an RN are listed here .

Finally, you’ll need to maintain your skills and keep your expertise up-to-date by completing continuing education requirements for nurses, which vary across states. For example, according to the CBRN , “In the State of California, Registered nurses are required by law (California Code of Regulations, Section 1451, Article 5) to complete 30 contact hours of continuing education every two years… [in order] to maintain an active license.”

Not only is continuing education for nurses a professional requirement in California and many other U.S. states — it will also enhance your marketability and expand your employment opportunities, regardless of which specialty or subfield of nursing you decide to pursue. Whether you are passionate about pediatrics, immunology, public health, cardiology, mental health, rehabilitation, or other focus areas, you should begin planning now for how you will fulfill the continuing education and professional development requirements that apply in your state.

Become a CNA with a Nursing Degree from National University

National University offers a range of regionally and nationally-accredited nursing programs for graduates and undergraduates, including flexible online options ideal for transfer students, international students, military students, and adult learners. Examples of our nursing degree programs include the Bachelor of Science in Nursing , Master of Science in Nursing , Doctorate of Nursing Practice, and Family Nurse Practitioner Certificate , plus professional nursing certificates such as the Certificate in Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner . Whether you’re just starting out in the field, or you’re an experienced nurse who needs to fulfill California’s continuing education requirements, our programs will challenge you to refine your skills and elevate your expertise.

Make a positive difference in the lives of countless patients and their loved ones. Take the first steps on your academic journey today. Contact our admissions office to get started, or complete an application online using our secure submission portal.

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NursingAssistantGuides.com

Your Guide to Becoming A Medical Assistant (CNA)

What Is A CNA (Certified Nursing Assistant)?

If you’re interested in becoming a CNA, it’s important to learn as much as possible about the job before applying to certification program. The job of a CNA is an important one, and for the right person, it can lead to a rewarding career in the healthcare profession. CNAs are in demand, and the job makes a great step on the ladder that leads to other positions in healthcare.

A certified nursing assistant, or CNA, helps patients or clients with healthcare needs under the supervision of a Registered Nurse (RN) or a Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN). A CNA may also be known as a Nursing Assistant (NA), a Patient Care Assistant (PCA), or a State Tested Nurse Assistant (STNA). Each state also has its own scope of practice for CNAs and its own code of ethics. We’ve pulled together some useful information to help you discover this role and to determine if it’s a good fit for you.

To learn more about becoming and working as a CNA, click on each of the links below to jump to more information about that topic:

What Is A CNA?

Cnas vs. orderlies vs. medical assistants vs. psychiatric aides, how much does a cna earn, why become a cna, what are the education and licensure requirements for cnas, what courses are required to become a cna, what cna classes are available online.

CNA classes are available online and offer the same course content that campus-based program provide. Both an accredited online college and a traditional campus college will provide you with the education you need to excel in your field. Neither is better than the other; the key is to pick what works best for you.

Schedules that are entirely self-paced are best for independent students who have the discipline to set their own deadlines. Self-paced means you initiate the speed at which you complete your classes. Depending on your work schedule and other responsibilities, you may complete courses at a faster rate than others. You basically create your own schedule by choosing classes that fit your schedule and ability. This allows for an enormous degree of flexibility. However, it’s important to weigh all options prior to making a decision. Education is expensive, no matter what form of learning you choose so you’ll want to weigh your options carefully.

You’ll notice that some training programs are referred to as a medical assisting program. These programs are offered as a diploma, certificate, or an associate’s degree. These programs vary in length and graduation requirements. When researching programs, make sure that the program is in fact designed to prepare you to work as a CNA, not a medical biller or coder. Medical billing and coding is an entirely different field, but the name of the training program sounds similar.

Below are accredited online CNA training programs that are recognized as approved training options by licensing agencies:

Best Online CNA School Programs

There are multiple levels of CNA programs available. The most common is a CNA certificate program, which typically takes about 12 weeks to complete. CNA certification programs are offered at community colleges, vocational schools and via online colleges. There are also associate in nursing assistant degrees, which typically take about two years to complete. Associate degree programs are offered at online colleges, community colleges and some technical schools. Here is a list of accredited online CNA school programs:

Get information on Medical Assistant programs by entering your zip code and request enrollment information.

Get information on Patient Care Technician programs by entering your zip code and request enrollment information.

Job responsibilities vary based on where you work and live. CNAs often work in a wide variety of settings; nursing homes, hospitals, adult day care centers, personal homes and assisted living facilities all require nursing assistants to act as a helpful liaison between the RN or LPN and the patient. In many cases, CNAs serve as the RNs or LPNs eyes and ears, and relays information between many patients and nurses.

CNAs are typically responsible for the general care of their patients. Duties will vary, depending on the specific needs of the patient. The most common responsibilities are taking and recording vital signs such as heart rate and blood pressure; assisting them to and from their bed or chair as needed; and helping them with feeding and personal hygiene. CNAs may also assist doctors or nurses during medical procedures.

Other job duties may include:

• Adjust positions of patients on beds or tables
• Assess physical conditions of patients to aid in diagnosis or treatment
• Operate medical equipment
• Apply bandages, dressings, or splints
• Move patients to or from treatment areas
• Prepare medical instruments or equipment for use
• Transport biological or other medical materials
• Explain technical medical information to patients

Nursing assistants fulfill basic quality-of-life needs for patients of any age in residential nursing care facilities or outpatient clinics. Since nursing assistants have daily contact with patients, they are gatherers of vital information about the patients’ conditions, which they must then transmit to their supervisors. A CNA’s workload can become intense and fast-paced, but the human contact and ability to help those in medical need is a strong motivating factor. A desire to help people and compassion for patients can help a nurse’s assistant get through difficult days. [blank_space height=’1em’] Back to Top [blank_space height=’1em’]

CNAs, orderlies, psychiatric aides, and medical assistants are often lumped into one large category, and though the positions share some duties, there are key differences. The following are brief descriptions of each, to help you understand those differences and decide which fits you best.

• Orderlies : An orderly is a hospital attendant charged with non-medical patient care and general maintenance of systematic operations. Orderlies do not need a degree or certificate, and their interactions with patients are limited to non-treatment activities.
• Psychiatric Aides : This position is similar to a CNA, except for the work environment. Mental health wards and psychiatric hospitals have different routines than regular hospitals, and psychiatric aides have to be familiar with the unique privacy concerns and treatment needs of mental health patients.
• Medical Assistants : A medical assistant does not need a degree or certificate, and their main responsibilities are to help doctors and nurses with routine tasks. Medical assistants have less authority to participate in patient treatment than CNAs.
• Certified Nurse Assistants/Aides : CNAs can take vital signs and gather other patient data as well as administering basic care and tending to the hygiene needs of patients. Because of their state approved training and certification, CNAs have more authority and often earn more than medical assistants, though many of their duties are similar.

Nursing assistant and medical assistant are often used interchangeably, as these roles share many of the same responsibilities, especially at hospitals and medical centers. What differentiates the two often comes down to location. Each state has its own criteria for becoming certified or licensed as a nursing aide. Each state also has its own regulatory board for licensing CNAs, so it’s important to learn your particular state’s requirements for nursing licensure.

The job of an orderly is very similar to the job of a CNA. Orderlies primarily work in hospitals, transferring patients from the bed to the restroom or from their room to a medical testing site. CNAs primarily work in nursing homes and long-term care facilities, taking patients’ vital signs and communicating with doctors or nurses who make rounds less frequently.

Back to Top

CNAs typically earn an hourly wage rather than an annual salary, so your pay will fluctuate depending on whether you take a few hours here and there, steadily work full time, or constantly pull 60 hour weeks. According to The US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the mean annual wage for nursing assistants was $27,520 as of May 2017.

Like most jobs, the more experience you have and the longer you work in the field, the more money you can make. You can also pursue additional certifications, such as Patient Care Technician (PCT) or become a Registered Nurse (RN). In some states, nursing assistants can earn additional credentials, such as becoming a Certified Medication Assistant (CMA). As a CMA, they can give medications. Your place of employment might help pay for an advanced degree or additional certification and allow you to fulfill clinical hours while at work. This is a great perk for working students, busy parents, or anyone who needs more scheduling flexibility when it comes to clinical hours.

Location and job availability are two factors in determining pay. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics highlights those states with the highest employment level for nursing assistants. (Source: BLS.gov: Occupational Employment And Wages: Nursing Assistants , data as of May 2017.) Another determining factor of pay is what industry you choose to work in. CNAs primarily work in nursing homes but also find employment at other medical centers, including hospitals, urgent care clinics, and and retail clinics. Urgent care clinics are growing in popularity and need qualified staff to support medical teams.

According to The US Bureau of Labor Statistics, industries with the highest levels of employment in this occupation include the following, as of May 2017:

• Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities)
• General Medical and Surgical Hospitals
• Continuing Care Retirement Communities and Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly
• Home Health Care Services
• Employment Services

Certain industries also pay CNAs more, and The US Bureau of Labor Statistics has identified the five highest paying industries for this occupation. (Source: BLS.gov: Occupational Employment And Wages: Nursing Assistants , data as of May 2017.)

• Federal Executive Branch (OES Designation)
• Facilities Support Services
• Scientific Research and Development Services
• Educational Support Services
• Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools

The US Bureau of Labor Statistics also identified the states with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in this occupation. This information may be useful when searching for jobs. Currently, the states with the highest concentration of CNA jobs include:

• Rhode Island
• North Dakota

CNA jobs are on the rise and the trend isn’t expected to slow down anytime soon. So if you don’t live in a state with a high concentration of CNA jobs, don’t be discouraged. CNAs are always in demand and the need for quality health care providers will only increase in the years to come.

Because so many nurse aides want to move up into more involved medical careers, there is a high rate of turnover for CNA positions. This means it is fairly easy to find a job as a CNA, but many who start out in this career do not stay in it for life. The demand for CNAs is high, especially among those institutions that provide continuing care and assisted living for the elderly. Many health care facilities recognize the important role that a qualified and compassionate CNA can play in their quality of care offered. Additionally, a CNA can find support through organizations such as the National Association of Health Care Assistants.

Part of the reason there is such high turnover in CNA jobs is that CNAs can relatively easily get the necessary education to become RNs. Taking classes online while continuing to work is easier than ever. There are many associate’s degree and bachelor’s degree programs that CNAs can use to get qualified for better paying work in the medical industry.

If you’re considering becoming a registered nurse, working as a CNA first is a great entry into the medical field. The experiences you’ll gain will help you decide if nursing is the right fit for you. You’ll also enter a nursing education program with a solid background in patient care. You might also want to become a LPN. Either role will benefit from your experience as a CNA.

If you have a passion for helping others and want to work alongside doctors and nurses, becoming a CNA will satisfy your career goals. It’s a position with enormous opportunity to grow both professionally and personally.

Training to become a medical assistant or CNA is offered by community colleges, online schools and through medical facilities. Some clinics will hire untrained and inexperienced workers and provide on-the-job training, but these opportunities may be hard to come by. Many schools offer training within medical facilities as part of their course programs as well.

After completing training, you’ll need to take a competency exam that tests both your book knowledge and practical skills that were taught during training. Practice tests and study guides are freely available online, so studying for the test should be a breeze. All CNAs must take an examination before they become qualified nursing assistants.

In order to keep your CNA licensure active, you’ll likely be required to complete 48 hours of continuing education every two years. Your state board provides this information on their website. When your license is up for renewal, your employer about continuing education subsidization.

CNAs play an important role in the health care team, and if becoming a CNA is your choice for a career, you’ll have the opportunity to make a difference and help others. CNAs have tremendous job stability and often have scheduling flexibility and other job perks such as the opportunity to specialize and the ability to work in various sectors.

In addition to certification, CNAs must also possess a few important qualities to be successful. These skills vary depending on where you work and who work for, but on average, CNAs should possess the following qualities:

• Communication skills . Effective communication skills are a must in order to address patients’ and their families’ concerns. CNAs must be able to communicate effectively doctors, nurses, and other staff members.
• Patience . CNAs must have patience in order to help patients with many basic needs such as bathing, dressing, mobility, positioning, eating, and grooming, among other things.
• Time management and organizational skills . CNAS should be able to daily tasks, file paperwork and reports in a timely manner, and work independently.
• Physical stamina . Nursing assistants and orderlies spend much of their time on their feet. They should be comfortable performing physical tasks, such as lifting or moving patients.
• Observation skills . CNAs must be detail-oriented and have a strong sense of awareness while caring for patients and communicating with doctors and nurses.

To work as a CNA, you’ll need to complete an accredited program that prepares you for state licensure. These programs train students to care for patients in a variety of ways. You’ll learn about the different systems in the body and how to effectively communicate with patients and medical staff.

Other topics often covered include:

• CPR/First Aid/AED
• Infection control
• How to take vital signs
• Range of motion exercises
• Communication and teamwork
• Patient care
• Workplace safety

Coursework is designed to prepare students to successfully pass the nurse aide certification exam. If you decide classes online, make sure the program is approved in your state. You’ll also need to make sure the program requires you to complete clinical hours. Clinical hours are designed to help build your skills and confidence. Each state has specific requirements about the amount of training a CNA needs. Traditional CNA programs are offered at vocational and technical colleges. These programs vary in length but usually take an average of 6 to 8 weeks to complete.

Now that you know a little more about what being a CNA is like, and have some information about other comparable jobs, it is time to make a choice. Exploring the different online programs that are available to move you toward these medical support careers is the first step toward actually getting a degree or certificate.

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How To Become A CNA: Requirements, Skills And Career Data

Updated: Apr 29, 2024, 4:11am

Key Takeaways

• To become a CNA, you’ll need to earn a high school diploma or GED® and complete state-approved training before obtaining licensure.
• Nursing assistants need strong communication skills, along with physical stamina, patience and empathy.
• The median annual wage for certified nursing assistants is $38,200.
• Most CNAs work in hospitals and nursing facilities.

As a certified nursing assistant (CNA), you can enjoy a hands-on healthcare career that doesn’t require a nursing degree . This role often appeals to current and future nursing students who want to gain professional experience.

If you’re wondering how to become a CNA, which skills nursing assistants need and what career prospects look like for CNAs, we’ve got you covered.

A nursing assistant’s job requires hard work, compassion, patience and grit. Keep reading to learn more about this career and find out the steps to get started as a CNA.

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What Do Nursing Assistants Do?

Certified nursing assistants are also known as nursing aides, patient care assistants and state-tested nursing assistants, among other titles. These professionals provide care and support for patients under the supervision of licensed healthcare providers.

Role and Responsibilities

Nursing assistants take on basic patient care tasks so licensed nurses can focus on higher-level nursing functions. CNAs fill a complex and vital role in the healthcare system.

Much of a CNA’s routine revolves around helping patients with daily living activities like eating, bathing, dressing, exercising and using the toilet. Nursing assistants also track and report health changes and provide companionship and emotional support to patients.

Other responsibilities for nursing assistants may include repositioning bedridden patients, dispensing medication and collecting specimens. They often clean rooms and change bed linens. Communication with patients, families and medical staff is another key part of CNAs’ duties.

Work Environment

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), about one-third of the country’s more than 1.4 million nursing assistants work in nursing care facilities. Hospitals employ about another one-third of these professionals. Eldercare facilities are the next-largest employer, followed by home healthcare services and government agencies.

CNAs form an important part of integrated healthcare teams, working alongside doctors, nurses, orderlies and physical therapists. Nursing assistants are needed around the clock and throughout the year. Many CNAs work outside of typical business hours, including nights, weekends and holidays, and some nursing assistants work part time.

Nursing assistants fulfill a strenuous and sometimes hazardous role. The BLS notes that these professionals have one of the nation’s highest rates of work-related illnesses and injuries. Along with physically demanding tasks like lifting and moving patients, CNAs may face biological, chemical and psychosocial risks.

CNAs may come into contact with biohazards like bodily fluids, as well as dangerous drugs and chemicals. They may also experience physical and verbal aggression from patients, along with high stress and overwork.

Required Skills for CNAs

A CNA should possess all of the following skills.

Communication

Nursing assistants provide an important line of communication between patients and healthcare personnel. They need strong listening skills, good verbal recall and the ability to convey medical information in layperson’s terms and vice versa.

CNAs regularly care for people who are struggling or suffering due to illness or injury. A compassionate attitude can help nursing assistants provide meaningful care.

A nursing assistant’s job can sometimes be stressful, repetitive and tedious. These professionals need a patient outlook to stay calm and focused.

Physical Fitness

Nursing assistants need strength, dexterity and stamina for daily tasks like lifting and moving patients. According to the BLS , CNAs spend more than 80% of the workday on their feet.

How to Become a CNA

Follow the below steps to kickstart your CNA career.

Earn an Education

Before completing job training, nursing assistants need a high school diploma or GED certificate. Aspiring CNAs can find state-approved training programs through providers like high schools, community colleges and nursing homes.

Training programs help prepare CNAs to practice safely and effectively. These programs’ curriculums cover emergency procedures and basic nursing practices, teaching students to feed, bathe, groom and position patients.

CNA training programs emphasize dignity and self-determination for patients. Learners study aging-related topics, including cognitive impairment and end-of-life care.

Federal law stipulates a minimum of 75 instruction hours for CNAs, including at least 16 hours of clinical training. However, some states require up to 175 training hours and up to 100 clinical hours.

Obtain Nursing Assistant Licensure or Certification

Rules for how to become a CNA vary by state, and not all states use the CNA title. Other official designations include state-tested nursing assistant and patient care assistant.

To obtain your CNA license, you’ll need to pass a certification test after completing a state-approved training program. Many states use the National Nurse Aide Assessment Program exam, and others administer their own exams. Tests may include written, oral and clinical sections.

Check with your local state board of nursing to learn more about how to become a CNA in your state.

Consider Additional Certifications

In some states, CNAs can also become certified medication aides or certified medication assistants (MA-Cs). This credential allows nursing assistants to dispense certain medications, potentially creating more job opportunities.

Each state sets its own requirements for MA-C certification. In many cases, candidates must be qualified CNAs with a minimum amount of relevant work experience. Other common requirements include a training course, clinical practice hours, an exam and continuing education.

Nursing Assistant Salary and Job Outlook

Let’s be frank: Being a CNA is not a high-paying job. According to the BLS, nursing assistants earn a median annual salary of $38,200. This falls below the national median of $48,060 for all occupations.

For individuals who care deeply about the profession or who plan to use their CNA experience to kick off a registered nursing career , a CNA job can provide steady, satisfying work. The BLS projects a job growth of 4% (about average) for nursing assistants from 2022 to 2032.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About How To Become a CNA

Is becoming a cna hard.

Although training can be challenging, becoming a CNA requires less preparation than many healthcare professions. For example, nursing assistant training programs may provide as little as 75 hours of training, while registered nursing programs take two to four years to complete.

Is being a CNA worth it?

Being a CNA can mean long hours, hard work and a relatively high risk of injury. Still, for many nursing assistants, the fulfillment that comes from improving their patients’ lives can make the job worth it. This role can also help prepare you for a career as a registered nurse.

Who pays CNAs the highest?

According to the BLS, nursing assistants who work in dental offices make an average of $57,450 a year, and those employed at junior colleges earn an annual salary of $54,820. However, these industries hire comparatively few CNAs. Among sectors with high rates of CNA employment, federal, local and state governments pay the most: an average of $48,580 a year.

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Home / What Is a CNA? / What to Expect During & After CNA Training

What to Expect During & After CNA Training

Classroom learning, clinical practice, work/life balance during cna training, cna certification, post-exam job search.

Taking classes to become a certified nursing assistant (CNA) is a great first step toward a career in nursing. Whether you are fresh out of high school or making a career change, a job as a CNA provides a dependable salary , an introduction to the nursing field and a rewarding career helping patients and their families. Before you enroll in a CNA training program, here is what you can expect during and after CNA classes.

RELATED : Learn more about CNA Certification Requirements in your state.

The first component of a CNA training program is coursework that will take place in a classroom and/or laboratory. Classroom learning, in addition to home studying of textbooks or other required reading, will provide students with the basic knowledge all CNAs need in order to begin caring for patients. Aspiring CNAs will learn important information about human anatomy and physiology, observing patients, basic patient care principles, patients' legal rights, tracking and reporting patient information and safety protocols. All of this coursework prepares students for the next phase of their training: clinical practice hours.

Once students have completed their classroom studies, they are ready to put the principles they've learned into action by working directly with patients. In a clinical setting, which may include hospitals, nursing homes or other care facilities, students will learn how to take vital signs, care for a patient's personal hygiene, perform range-of-motion exercises and engage in patient communication.

CNA training courses are designed to provide students with the knowledge nursing assistants need to provide basic care for their patients, as well as the ability to practice this care under the supervision of certified nurse instructors. Training programs are tailored to prepare students for the certification exam for their individual state so students will complete the program ready to become certified and find their first job as a CNA.

For many, nursing assistant training will be mentally and physically challenging. Coursework is detailed with a lot of important information to take in and remember, and clinical practice can mean many long hours on your feet helping patients in ways that can be physically demanding. Additionally, many students need to work full- or part-time while taking classes in order to support themselves and their families. In order to complete CNA training successfully, students need to find ways to strike a balance between committing to CNA training and fulfilling work and personal obligations. Here are some tips for striking that balance:

• Be Prepared for Class: You won't take in all the information you need to pass your CNA exam if you aren't prepared to be an engaged student. It is critical to complete assignments according to deadlines, finish required reading and arrive at class on time ready to learn. This means allowing time in your schedule to study course materials and commute to school or complete online assignments. Test out your drive or public transportation options before the first day of classes to ensure you will arrive on time without rushing or stressing and purchase any needed supplies prior to the first day. These skills will come in handy when you are applying and interviewing for CNA jobs after certification as well.
• Take Care of Yourself: Another component of ensuring you are a successful nursing student is making sure you are taking care of yourself physically and mentally. Nursing assistant work, such as helping patients perform therapy exercises or dressing and bathing, can be physically demanding, so it is important for nursing assistants to be physically fit. The best way to ensure you are up to the physical demands is by maintaining a healthy diet, drinking plenty of water, getting regular exercise and getting a full night's sleep. Moderating alcohol consumption is another way to ensure you are mentally prepared for your classroom work.

In addition to practices for maintaining a healthy body, it is critical to develop healthy habits for managing stress. Nursing jobs can be high stress and emotionally taxing, so it is a good idea to develop ways to cope with stress during your training courses as well. For instance, regular exercise, meditation or prayer and journaling are all ways to cope with feelings of stress. Determine which stress management practices work best for you, and make time in your schedule for them.

• Prioritize : For many nursing students, CNA classes are just one item on a very busy plate of responsibilities that can also include a full-time job, family obligations and other personal commitments. When you are a student, it is important to prioritize your commitments to ensure you have adequate time and energy for your studies. This might mean putting a time-consuming hobby on hold while you complete your training, asking family members for help with childcare or rearranging your work schedule to accommodate your class times. In order to be a successful student, you will need to prioritize your studies alongside your other commitments. If this seems difficult, remember that CNA training is temporary and is required in order to start your new career as a nursing assistant.

Once you have completed your training program, you will be adequately prepared to take your state's nursing assistant certification exam. Each state has specific requirements regarding nurse assistant training and the certification exam. Specific questions on the exam will vary from state to state, but in general the exam will cover the following topics:

• patient safety
• anatomy and physiology
• patient care principles and activities of daily living
• vital signs and testing
• patient communication
• infection control
• data collection and reporting
• legal/ethical issues

CNA Certification Exam Structure

The exam will be divided into a written portion and a clinical skills portion, in which students are expected to perform a handful of skills using a mannequin or fellow student. Examples of nursing assistant skills that may be included in the clinical skills portion of the exam include hand washing, taking vital signs, dental care, transferring a patient to/from a bed or stretcher and providing catheter care.

Prior to taking the exam, ensure you have read your state's exam requirements, including what forms of identification are needed on test day. In addition, there are several practice exams and clinical skills videos online you can use to prepare for the CNA exam. On the day of the exam, make sure to eat a healthy meal and plan to arrive at least 20 minutes early to park, check-in and settle into your seat. Now all your hard work and studying will pay off. Good luck!

Learn more about CNA certification .

Do I Have to Sit for the CNA Exam Again if My Certification is Expired?

Rules and standards for renewing expired CNA certifications will vary from state to state. In California, for example, if your certification is more than two years expired, or it is more than two years since you have worked as a Certified Nurse Assistant, you are required to have 24 hours of continuing education as well as sit for a Competency Evaluation. Check with your state’s governing board for the requirements on renewals.

Can I Work as a Certified Nurse Assistant (CNA) as a Nursing Student?

Many nursing students find value in working as a Certified Nurse Assistant (CNA) during nursing school to add to their basic care and time-management skills. Most employers will allow nursing students to bypass the requirement of being certified, but check the job announcements for these allowances. Many states will allow those with nursing education and background to sit for the examination without taking an official CNA course. Check with your local state certifying board for details.

Enrollment in an accredited BSN program and completion of foundational nursing skills coursework may qualify the student for certification as a CNA. Depending on the state-specific Board of Nursing regulations, BSN students may apply for CNA certification and listing on the state Nurse Aide Registry. Some states require that students sit for a CNA registry exam regardless of enrollment in an accredited nursing program, while other states accept completion of nursing courses as verification of skills testing.

Once you've passed your CNA certification exam, you are ready to begin your job search! Nursing assistants are in-demand healthcare professionals, and job openings for CNAs can be found at nursing homes, long-term care facilities, hospitals and home health agencies. You may have gotten a sense of which setting you are most interested in working based on your training program experience, but with a wide range of employers looking for nursing assistants, it pays to pursue many job openings to find the one that best fits your skills and interests.

Certified nursing assistants also need to satisfy their state's requirements for continuing education. Make sure to check with your state's board of nursing for the requirements that apply to you. For many states, CNAs need to complete 48 hours of continuing education courses every 24 months in order to re-certify. Topics for these courses may include infection control, preventing patient abuse, HIV/AIDS, and preventing medical error.

CNAs can also find educational and networking resources and assistance by joining an association, such as the National Association of Health Care Assistants (NAHCA).

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What Is a CNA? Job Description and Career Guide

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A CNA or certified nursing assistant is an important position in any hospital setting. CNAs have many responsibilities that make them an integral part of the patient process in healthcare. While being a CNA is often considered an entry-level position, it is a great stepping stone to other healthcare professions. Being a CNA can help prepare you for nursing or healthcare management work in many ways, and is a fantastic place to start your career. 

CNA requirements will vary depending on where you live, but overall the general process is the same. Learn about CNA duties, how you can become one, and how you can use your nursing assistant experience to propel you into other health care professions. 

What does a CNA do?

There are many duties for nursing assistants. A certified nursing assistant helps patients with direct health care needs, often under the supervision of a nurse. Certified nursing assistants may also be called a nursing assistant, a nurse’s aid, or a patient care assistant. CNAs work directly with patients and nurses , helping with the many physical and complex tasks for patient care. 

Some of their responsibilities include:

Turning or moving patients

Gathering medical supplies

Bathing patients

Grooming patients by brushing their hair, teeth, shaving them, etc.

Feeding patients and documenting their food and liquid intake

Checking vital signs such as blood pressure and heart rate

Answering patient calls

Documenting information

Cleaning rooms and bed linens

Stocking supplies

Assisting with some medical procedures

Safety procedures

Transporting patients

Taking care of wounds

Different hospitals and facilities will have unique requirements and responsibilities for their CNAs. But in essence, certified nursing assistants help perform critical tasks that ensure patients are well-cared for and safe during their hospital stay. Checking vital signs, keeping patients clean, and other duties like this are extremely important for patient care and satisfaction.

Each state will have specific responsibilities that CNAs are eligible to perform, so the exact job roles may vary depending on where you live. 

Where do certified nursing assistant's work?

CNAs can be found in all kinds of healthcare settings including:

Long-term residential facilities

Nursing homes

Rehabilitation centers

Adult daycare centers

Nursing homes and adult care facilities are often the most common places where nursing assistants are needed. Rarely nursing assistants will work in clinical settings, but that doesn't happen very often.

In 2018 there were roughly 1,564,200 CNAs in the United States. And nursing care facilities employed the largest number of certified nursing assistants at 38%. Depending on where you live there may be different facilities hiring CNAs to help take on care tasks for patients. 

CNA education requirements.

CNAs have fairly limited healthcare duties partly because the educational requirements to become a certified nursing assistant are not as rigorous as other medical professions. Nursing assistants are the entry-level positions in a hospital or care facility, so the education and certification requirements tend to be less intensive than other health professionals, such as nurses. 

CNA educational requirements vary by state, but often include a state-approved training program. This can be offered at a high school, community college, vocational school, or even at a hospital. These CNA classes are typically 4-8 weeks long and detail how to care for patients, basic medical skills, and important ethical and moral understanding. There may be in-person or hands-on skill elements to help students be prepared for actually working with patients as well. 

CNA certification.

Again, different states will have unique requirements for the nursing assistant certification process. However, this often includes a written or oral exam, as well as a demonstration exam where students show their ability to perform certain tasks. This licensing is critical as it will be required for students to apply and be accepted for certain jobs. This licensing also ensures you have the knowledge and skills to work with real patients.

CNA certification exam.

The NNAAP or National Nurse Aide Assessment Program examination is required in many states for licensure as a CNA. This exam contains two parts, a written and oral exam, and must be passed to become licensed in many states. Your CNA program will help you find the NNAAP examination center in your area, help you find study resources, and more. 

CNA salary.

On average CNAs earn an hourly salary of around  $16.04 . This translates to an average annual salary of around $33,371 per year. This is an entry-level position and is often ideal for those just starting out working or those considering a future in nursing. The location where you work will play a large role in how much money you will make as well. 

CNA career outlook

While becoming a CNA is a great job opportunity in and of itself, for many a CNA role is a stepping stone toward a career in nursing or other healthcare areas. Those interested in a healthcare career may start out as a CNA to make sure they enjoy patient care, and to start learning how to interact with patients. 

For those who start out as a CNA and really enjoy working with patients, their work as a CNA will help them gain practical skills and experience, preparing them to become a nurse. Work as a CNA will help professionals gain experience working with patients and performing some medical procedures. There are even online nursing programs that can even help current CNAs begin working toward their RN licensure and BSN degree while they work. This can lead to a rewarding career in nursing, and eventually roles in nursing management and leadership.

Additionally, some CNAs may find that they love working in a healthcare setting but don’t enjoy direct patient care. Earning a CNA is a great way to find out if you like working with patients. If you find it’s not for you, there are other healthcare professions like health information management or health services coordination that could be a better fit.

If you’re interested in nursing or healthcare , getting started by working as a CNA can be a great option. 

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What is a CNA? A Comprehensive Guide to Becoming a Certified Nursing Assistant

Curious about a career in healthcare? A Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) might just be the perfect fit for you. Let’s dive into what CNAs do, how to become one, where they work, and the key differences between CNAs, Medical Assistants (MAs), and Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs).

What is a CNA?

A CNA, or Certified Nursing Assistant, works in healthcare settings to provide basic care to patients. Sometimes referred to as a nursing assistant or nurse’s aide, a CNA operates under the direction of a Registered Nurse (RN) or a Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse (LPN/LVN). Their duties include helping patients with daily tasks like bathing and dressing, checking vital signs, and more.

How Do You Become a CNA?

To become a CNA, you’ll need to complete a state-approved training course and pass the state certification exam, which includes both a written section and a hands-on competency skills section. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

• Meet Eligibility Requirements: Check the training eligibility requirements in your state. These often include minimum age and education criteria. Individual training programs may have additional requirements.
• Complete Training: Enroll in a state-approved training program. These programs typically take a few weeks to complete.
• Pass the Certification Exam: After completing the training, you’ll need to pass the state certification exam. This exam includes both a written test and a practical skills test.
• Get Listed on the Nurse Aide Registry: Once you’ve passed the exam, you’ll be placed on your state’s nurse aide registry, officially making you a Certified Nursing Assistant.

Where Does a CNA Work?

CNAs can work in various healthcare settings, including:

• Nursing homes
• Assisted living facilities

What Does a CNA Do?

A CNA’s responsibilities can vary depending on the healthcare setting but generally include:

• Daily Living Assistance: Helping patients with dressing, bathing, grooming, feeding, and toileting.
• Vital Signs: Taking and recording vital signs like blood pressure, temperature, and pulse.
• Infection Control: Ensuring patient environments are clean and following proper hygiene protocols.
• Mobility Assistance: Helping patients move, turn, or reposition in bed.
• Basic Care: Making beds, responding to patient calls, and assisting with range-of-motion exercises.
• Preparation: Preparing rooms for new patients and ensuring they are comfortable.

What’s the Difference Between a CNA, MA, and LPN?

While CNAs, MAs, and LPNs all provide care and work in healthcare settings, their roles, training, and expertise differ:

• CNAs: Assist nurses by providing basic care to patients. Their training can be completed in a few weeks.
• LPNs/LVNs: Provide a higher level of care than CNAs, including administering injections, assisting with minor surgeries, and updating health records. They require more extensive training (1-2 years) and have higher salaries.
• Medical Assistants (MAs): Work under the supervision of physicians, mostly in outpatient settings like doctor’s offices. They administer medications, take vital signs, and assist with minor procedures. MA training ranges from 9 months to 2 years.

Choosing a CNA Program

Selecting the right CNA program involves careful consideration. Here’s what to look for:

• Accreditation: Ensure the program is state-approved.
• Program Length: Programs can vary in length, so find one that fits your schedule.
• Cost: Compare costs of different programs and consider financial aid options.
• Location: Choose a conveniently located program.
• Class Timing: Look for programs that offer classes at times that fit your schedule.

Research your state’s specific requirements and verify that the program you choose meets these standards. Many states also provide information on certification exam pass rates and any regulatory actions taken against training programs.

The Path to Becoming a CNA

So, you’ve decided to become a CNA. Here’s a more detailed look at the path you’ll take:

• Education Requirements: Most states require a high school diploma or GED. Some programs may have additional prerequisites.
• CNA Training Programs: These programs are offered by community colleges, vocational schools, and healthcare facilities. The curriculum typically includes classroom instruction and clinical practice.
• State Certification Exam: After completing the training program, you must pass the state certification exam. This exam tests your knowledge and skills to ensure you can provide safe and effective care.
• Nurse Aide Registry: Once you pass the exam, you’ll be added to your state’s nurse aide registry. Employers often check this registry to verify your certification.

CNA Training Program Highlights

Here’s what you can expect from a CNA training program:

• Classroom Instruction: Covers basic nursing principles, anatomy, physiology, nutrition, and infection control.
• Clinical Training: Provides hands-on experience in a real healthcare setting under the supervision of a licensed nurse.
• Skills Practice: Teaches essential skills such as taking vital signs, patient hygiene, mobility assistance, and communication techniques.

Career Outlook for CNAs

The demand for CNAs is expected to grow due to the aging population and the increasing need for long-term care. CNAs have various opportunities for advancement, such as becoming an LPN or RN through further education and training.

Final Thoughts

Becoming a CNA is a rewarding and fulfilling career choice. It offers the chance to make a real difference in patients’ lives while providing a stepping stone to further career advancements in the healthcare field.

Whether you’re just starting your career or looking to make a change, becoming a CNA is a great way to enter the healthcare industry. With the right training and certification, you’ll be well on your way to a successful and impactful career as a Certified Nursing Assistant.

June 13, 2024

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What is a CNA?

Understanding the Numbers When reviewing job growth and salary information, it’s important to remember that actual numbers can vary due to many different factors — like years of experience in the role, industry of employment, geographic location, worker skill and economic conditions. Cited projections do not guarantee actual salary or job growth.

If you want to make an impact on the lives of patients in hospitals, nursing homes and other medical facilities, becoming a certified nursing assistant (CNA) could be right for you. So, what is a CNA?

A CNA is a position within the field of nursing that assists patients with daily care tasks and basic medical needs. They work closely with registered nurses (RN) and licensed practical nurses (LPN) to ensure the health and safety of patients  in a variety of settings.

“They’re an essential healthcare provider,” said Dr. Lyndsay Goss , director of continuing professional development in nursing  for Southern New Hampshire University (SNHU) and a registered nurse. “They are on the front lines of working with patients in many healthcare facilities.”

Becoming a CNA is a great way to get started in the nursing field and can open up diverse career opportunities. Before you start a new career path, however, it’s a good idea to explore what being a CNA is all about.

What Does CNA Stand For?

CNA stands for certified nursing assistant. The title references the certification that is required by most states in order to work as a nursing assistant.

Depending on where you work, the role of a CNA may have a different title based on the state requirements for certification and licensure. In some states, for example, nursing assistants need a license to practice and are then called licensed nursing assistants (LNA), said Goss.

What Does a CNA Do?

“CNAs are the ones that are really hands-on with patients and spend a lot of time with them,” said Katina Schwartzhoff , nursing faculty at SNHU and a registered nurse. “They do the personal care and offer a lot of emotional support.”

According to Goss and Schwartzhoff, a CNA is typically responsible for patient care tasks, including:

• Bathing, changing clothes and assistance with using the bathroom
• Helping patients get meals and assisting with feeding
• Maintaining cleanliness to assist with infection control
• Moving patients, assisting with walking and transporting patients for care or testing
• Taking vital signs such as heart rate and blood pressure

Goss, who started her medical career as a CNA, said certified nursing assistants work very closely with other nursing professionals, often reporting back on patient progress or concerns to nurses and physicians.

“CNAs may be the ones who notice something first in a patient that needs to be further assessed,” she said. “They’re able to be those eyes and ears for other healthcare providers. They are at that central point of patient care.”

Where Can a CNA Work?

A certified nursing assistant can work in a variety of healthcare settings, said Schwartzhoff. Some of the most common places to work as a CNA include:

• Long-term care facilities
• Medical clinics
• Nursing homes

Within each of these facilities, there are many different roles a CNA can take on. In a hospital, for example, a CNA might work in the emergency room, intensive care unit or maternity ward.

“The field is very wide open,” Schwartzhoff said. “You can really get into specialized areas to assist the rest of the medical staff.”

How Do You Become a CNA?

To become a CNA, you must complete a nursing assistant training program that is approved by the state you plan to work in and pass a state competency exam.

According to the American Red Cross , a provider of CNA training programs, students are typically able to complete their training and sit for a state competency exam within four to eight weeks.

Specific program requirements will depend on the state you live in, said Schwartzhoff.

Some states require more classroom training hours, for example, while others may require a licensure exam instead of a certification.

Is a CNA a Type of Nurse?

A CNA is not a type of nurse, but they do work very closely with nurses and other healthcare professionals to care for patients. The differences between a CNA and an RN are quite stark, however.

A registered nurse must complete at least a two- or four-year nursing degree  program and must also meet specific clinical requirements. Registered nurses must also pass a licensure exam. Becoming a CNA, on the other hand, does not require a specific degree or license in most states.

CNAs and RNs also take on different roles when caring for patients. CNAs assist with basic care tasks such as feeding or walking. RNs are responsible for more advanced medical needs, including administering medication, diagnostic testing and operating medical equipment, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics ( BLS ).

Is a CNA a Good Career?

Becoming a CNA is a great way to get started in the medical field . By completing a CNA training program, you can gain critical skills that are in demand at medical institutions across the country.

According to the BLS, employment of nursing assistants is projected to grow 5% between 2021 and 2031, with about 220,200 new job openings for CNAs and similar roles expected each year over the decade.

As the population ages, CNAs will continue to be in demand to help care for an increasing number of people with chronic or progressive conditions, according to BLS. Nursing assistants working in the home health field, in particular, can expect to see a 20% increase in job openings by 2031.

How Much Does a CNA Make?

Your earning potential as a CNA may vary depending on where you work. The median annual wage for nursing assistants was $30,310 in May 2021, according to BLS data.

Nursing assistants working for government agencies or hospitals earned the highest pay rates, according to BLS, bringing in $37,310 and $35,870 each year, respectively.

Can a CNA Become an RN?

Working as a CNA can provide many opportunities to expand your healthcare career. Goss said working as a nursing assistant provides a key introduction to the nursing field and gives you a chance to build vital skills before jumping into nursing school.

“It gives you that opportunity to know if nursing is the right career path  for you,” said Goss. “It’s not an easy job. There are many physical demands and emotional demands, so it can let you know if this is the right choice.”

Additionally, because nursing assistants and nurses are in such high demand, some hospitals and other medical facilities offer higher education benefits to their staff. You could enroll in a nursing degree program while working as a CNA and further your education at a reduced or even free cost, Goss said.

According to Schwartzhoff, working as a CNA can also make entry into competitive nursing programs easier because of the professional experience built while on the job.

“A CNA certification allows students to know the basics of nursing and demonstrates that they do have the skills to be in a nursing program,” she said.

What are the Pros and Cons of Being a CNA?

Pro: Build Essential Skills

One of the biggest benefits of working as a CNA, said Schwartzhoff, is the opportunity to build critical soft skills , such as communication, delegation and collaboration, by working within a team of nurses, physicians and other medical professionals.

These in-demand skills can give you a leg up when advancing your career, whether you decide to stay in healthcare or move on to another field.

Pro: Quick Training Programs

The quick training program for CNAs is another benefit, Schwartzhof said, since you can start working in the medical field and start getting hands-on experience faster than with a typical nursing degree program.

Pro: Flexible Work Schedules

Most CNA jobs offer a lot of flexibility, said Goss. If you’re balancing work with other responsibilities, there are plenty of opportunities to work off-hours, such as nights and weekends. CNAs also have the ability to work overtime and earn more money.

This flexibility is especially helpful if you want to further your education and earn a degree while working full-time.

Con: Nontraditional Work Hours

While the flexibility of working nights and weekends may be seen as a benefit to some CNAs, others may find this a challenging part of the job. CNAs are typically needed 24/7 in hospitals, nursing homes and other facilities, which means working on holidays may be part of the job, said Goss.

Con: Physical and Emotional Needs

Goss said the biggest challenges of working as a CNA are often the physical and emotional demands of the job. Not only are CNAs responsible for lifting and moving patients, they may also be assisting patients at the end of their lives or in other vulnerable states.

“It’s a job that keeps you active, but it can increase the risk of injuries,” Goss said. “There’s also a high risk of burnout and emotional draining. For anyone who chooses to move into a career as a CNA, it’s so important to make time for self-care  and your own mental health.”

Are You Ready to Become a CNA?

Becoming a CNA can give you a solid foundation on which to build a rewarding healthcare career. If you hope to one day become a nurse , starting as a CNA not only builds key skills, it can also set you up for better collaboration in the future, said Schwartzhoff.

“If you’re a CNA before you’re a nurse, it makes you appreciate the CNAs and helps you as a nurse understand what their role is,” she said.

One of the most rewarding aspects of a CNA career is the impact you can have on the lives of others, said Goss.

“If you’re interested in helping others in a way that most people may never have the opportunity to do, then go for it,” she said. “You can work with people in some of their most vulnerable moments and be that caring person for them…being a CNA was one of the most rewarding things that I’ve ever done.”

A degree can change your life. Find the SNHU online nursing program  that can best help you meet your career goals.

Danielle Gagnon is a freelance writer focused on higher education. Connect with her on LinkedIn .

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Red Cross CNA & NAT Training Classes

After careful consideration, the American Red Cross has decided to discontinue its Nurse Assistant Training (NAT) program. No Red Cross NAT course will be scheduled after December 31, 2023. However, we still have helpful information to share, as well as other Red Cross training opportunities to offer, that will enhance your career in this growing healthcare field!

Read on to learn valuable information about different CNA certification programs and requirements, as well as helpful career information like common CNA tasks, salary, job outlook, and more.

What is a CNA?

A CNA, or Certified Nursing Assistant, works in a healthcare setting to provide basic care to patients. Sometimes referred to as a nursing assistant or nurse's aide, a CNA works under the direction of a Registered Nurse (RN) or a Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse (LPN/LVN) and is trained to help patients with daily tasks like bathing and dressing, as well as checking patient vital signs, and beyond.

How Do You Become a CNA?

To become a CNA, you will normally need to complete a state-approved training course and pass the state certification exam that includes both a written section, and a hands-on competency skills section. You can check training eligibility requirements, such as minimum age or education, with the agency regulating this training in your state. Note that individual training programs may have additional requirements. Once you’ve completed training and pass the CNA certification exam, you can then be placed on your state’s nurse aide registry.

Where Does a CNA Work?

CNAs can work in a variety of healthcare settings, including hospitals, nursing homes, assisted living facilities, hospices, and home care.

What Does a CNA Do?

While it depends on the healthcare setting you choose, CNAs provide comfort and care to patients who have an illness, injury, or disability—or who just need extra help caring for themselves. Some common responsibilities, depending on the setting, may include:

• Dressing, bathing, grooming, feeding, and toileting
• Taking vital signs
• Infection control
• Turning/repositioning in bed
• Responding to patient calls
• Assisting with range-of-motion exercises
• Preparing rooms for new patients, and more

What's the Difference Between a CNA, Medical Assistant (MA), and LPN?

While CNAs, MAs, and LPNs all provide care and work in a healthcare setting, there are key differences in the tasks they can perform, as well as the training and level of expertise required:

• CNAs. As mentioned above, CNAs work under LPNs and/or RNs to assist the nurses in providing care to a patient. The required training for CNAs can be completed in weeks.
• LPNs/LVNs. Offering a higher level of care than CNAs, LPNs are the only ones in this group that can be called "nurses". They have more autonomy than CNAs, although they still work under the supervision of RNs and doctors. They help with tasks that go beyond basic care, including administering injections/first aid, assisting with minor surgeries, updating health records, and more. Because of this, LPNs require more education and training (1-2 years), and they also tend to have higher salaries.
• Medical Assistants (MA). While CNAs work under the supervision of nurses, and LPNs under the direction of both doctors and nurses, MAs work solely under the supervision of a physician and mostly in outpatient settings, like private doctor's offices or outpatient care centers. They administer medications, take/record vital signs, give immunizations and breathing treatments and, in some cases, help with minor in-office procedures. Like LPNs, MAs require more training than CNAs (9 months-2 years).

Choosing a CNA Program

Be sure to do some research before you decide on the right CNA program for you. In most states there are many options for CNA training, including independent training schools and community colleges. Some facilities such as nursing homes, hospitals and home health agencies will offer training to staff or prospective employees. While federal requirements are the same, it's important to note that admission, curriculum, and certification requirements will differ depending on the state you live in. You can check with your state to learn about these requirements and to verify that a program is state-approved.

Many states have additional program information available, such as state certification exam pass rates or any regulatory action that has been taken. After you've done your initial research, your decision will come down to personal issues like cost, location, length of program, and whether the courses are offered at a convenient time.

CNA Salaries, Career Growth, and Outlook

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the outlook is bright for CNAs. Overall employment is expected to grow four percent between now and 2032. That means there will be 210,000 openings each year over the next decade. While salaries will vary depending on where you live and the type of facility you work in, the median salary for CNAs in the U.S. is $35,760 (as of May 2022*).

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*Source: https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/nursing-assistants.htm

From CNA to nursing director, Kansas RN earns national honor

Amy davis is the national ever forward director of nursing champion.

Needing a career change after a sales job fell through, Amy Davis felt encouraged by family to become a caregiver.

“I thought, what else am I going to do?” says Davis, who admits she never thought of serving in health care and wondered if she was too old to switch things up.

At 38, Davis signed up for a certified nursing assistant class at Good Samaritan Society – Wamego in Kansas and she hasn’t looked back.

“Loved it from the beginning and just truly enjoyed being a CNA,” says Davis, now 51. “Then I thought, I like what these nurses are doing. I could do some of this.”

Nursing director role a ‘dream job’

Nursing role models would include Davis in the care they were providing to residents. Before she knew it, she was a licensed practical nurse with dreams of leading all nurses at the long-term care center.

“I always wanted to be the director – I’m not going to lie,” Davis says.

Turns out her administrator, Angie Barber, thought she’d be perfect for the director of nursing gig.

“You’ll find Amy in the kitchen, you’ll find her in laundry, you’ll find her ripping carpet,” Barber says about Davis’ work ethic. “She will do anything she can to make it better for the residents and better for the employees.”

Barber adds developing nurses is a priority for Good Samaritan Society leaders.

“I said, ‘Amy, I would make you our DNS if you could please go back to school and get your RN degree,’” Barber says. “She’s like, ‘OK, I’ve been wanting to do that. It’s my dream job.’”

A year into the new role, Davis is bringing stability to the nursing ranks and paying forward the support she graciously received.

“She is a true role model. We have four people in school right now to get their RN degree,” Barber says. “I think it’s a lot because of what she has brought to the table to show what you can accomplish.”

Davis adds that the Society does “offer med aide classes. We pay for LPN class; we pay for RN. We do tuition reimbursement. There are so many avenues (to grow) if somebody wants it or needs it.”

‘Above and beyond the call of duty’

While personal growth is fulfilling, it’s not why Davis is sticking around the nursing home.

“You can see it in her actions every single day. She truly loves all the patients here and makes sure they all get the care they need and deserve,” says Jenny Crane, whose mother, Gail King, is a resident.

“Everyone is important.”

King moved in more than a year ago and is in end-stage dementia. She can’t feed herself, and Crane fears she was neglected at previous facilities before arriving at the Society.

“It just means so much to me that Amy and the staff here do treat her well and don’t neglect her,” Crane says while getting emotional.

Next door, resident Rita Ubel is returning from a walk around the center. It’s a remarkable achievement after struggling to stand two years ago. Ubel credits Davis with helping her get back up.

“I had Parkinson’s and fibromyalgia and several things wrong,” Ubel says. “I was in a wheelchair to start with, and she spent some extra time working with me.

“She’s caring, she’s loving, she’s kind. She goes above and beyond the call of duty.”

Teammate Melissa Hieger shares an office with Davis and says the nursing director has a passion for her neighbors.

“I do think that Amy is living out her calling as the director of nursing services,” says Hieger, a Society LPN clinical care leader. “She grew up in Wamego. She married and raised a family in Wamego and is here. Being here for 13 years and caring for the residents and staff, these are her people.”

National Ever Forward DNS Champion

Looking out for residents and staff is bringing national attention to Davis and Wamego. The Society is honoring Davis as the National Ever Forward DNS Champion.

“I was completely surprised with this award,” Davis says. “I feel odd being in the spotlight. I love to give it.”

Receiving kind words from her peers and leaders means the world.

“It makes my heart so happy. I mean I’m living my dream. It’s the best job ever,” Davis says with tears.

Resident Lynda Morris adds, “They could not have picked a better person for that award.”

“I don’t think that probably you have anybody else that you have interviewed that’s as good as she is.”

Society ancillary services supervisor Jay Fath says Davis is “a great leader and everybody enjoys working with her. The residents love her.”

Hoping the accolades don’t stop here, Davis and the team have set high goals for the future.

“We have fabulous staff here. People that care and we work hard,” Davis says.

Staff dedicated to sharing God’s love through the work of health, healing and comfort.

“The mission of the Society is important. It’s important to me. It should be important to the staff,” Davis says about the positive environment she tries to foster.

“What I’m looking for is someone who wants to come in, who wants to pour their heart out and take care of residents and do it with a smile.”

Known for her smile and big laugh, Davis plans to keep pouring herself into the center and its people.

• Health care heroes step up to strengthen staff in Kansas
• CNA, mom of 4 goes back to school with help from work
• US News Best Nursing Homes list names Good Samaritan Society

Posted In Awards & Recognition , Nursing and Nursing Support , Sanford Stories , Senior Services

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Mission:   The UHMC nursing program provides a collaborative learning experience with access to multiple levels of nursing education, offering personal enrichment and career opportunities for our students. We provide a learning milieu in which faculty, staff, and students from diverse backgrounds work together with the community to create state of the art nursing education and practice.

Vision:   We envision a nursing education program that produces caring, competent, and professional nurse leaders prepared to meet the healthcare demands of a diverse community and the challenges of a dynamic healthcare environment.

Core values: • malama (to take care of, protect) • mana’olana (hope) • lokahi (harmony, unity) • aloha (compassion, kindness) • kuleana (responsibility) • pono (goodness, ethical and moral qualities)

Philosophy:

UHMC Nursing Program faculty embrace the mission of Maui College. The faculty aim to inspire and support students in the pursuit of nursing education and life-long learning. We prepare students to recognize the trends in health care delivery, respond to the increased complexity of clinical environments, and adapt to economic changes. We believe that the learning process is enhanced when the student is self-directed, and support the student to take responsibility for their own learning when challenged with academic rigor.

The UHMC Nursing Program coursework builds on basic liberal arts, behavioral and natural sciences, and includes bioethical issues, application of technology, cultural awareness, and evidence-based practice. As a member of the Hawaii Statewide Nursing Consortium, the career ladder program supports students to achieve a Certificate of Achievement and LPN licensure at the end of the first year, an Associate of Science degree and RN licensure at the end of the second year, and, if the student chooses, to continue on for a Bachelor of Science degree from UH Manoa with the addition of a third year. MC nursing graduates are expected to abide by the laws of the state in which they practice, the American Nurses Association Standards of Practice, and the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics.

We believe that nursing is an essential health discipline concerned with providing quality care within a patient-centered framework that includes the   ohana   and community. We strongly believe that an attitude of caring must be internalized as a part of the professional practice of nursing.

Our philosophy of nursing education is informed by the ideas of Patricia Benner, Christine Tanner, and the Quality and Safety Education in Nursing (QSEN) Institute. We believe that nursing and nursing education incorporates:

• Acquiring and using knowledge and science (knowledge)
• Using clinical reasoning and skilled knowhow (skills)
• Ethical comportment and formation (attitudes)

Accordingly, the Hawaii Statewide Nursing Consortium developed the curriculum with principles from Benner, Sutphen, Leonard, and Day (2010):

• Replacing decontextualized knowledge with concepts
• Integrating clinical and classroom teaching
• Emphasizing clinical reasoning and multiple ways of thinking
• Guiding the formation of identity and self-understanding to a professional nurse

Clinical instruction in the UHMC Nursing Program is provided recognizing the conclusions drawn by Tanner (2006), that: clinical judgment is unique to the patient context, clinical reasoning occurs in many ways, and reflection is essential for improving clinical reasoning.

Students are expected to meet the following professional behaviors and nursing care competencies:

• A competent nurse’s professional actions are based on core nursing values, professional standards of practice, and the law.
• A competent nurse develops insight through reflective practice, self-analysis, and self-care.
• A competent nurse engages in ongoing self-directed learning and provides care based on evidence supported by research.
• A competent nurse demonstrates leadership in nursing and health care.
• A competent nurse collaborates as part of a health care team.
• A competent nurse practices within, utilizes, and contributes to the broader health care system
• A competent nurse practices patient-centered care.
• A competent nurse communicates effectively.
• A competent nurse demonstrates clinical judgment/critical thinking in the delivery of care of patients while maintaining safety.

References:

Magnussen, L., Niederhauser, V., Ono, C., Johnson, N. K., Vogler, J., Ceria-Ulep, C. (2013). Developing a statewide nursing consortium, island style.   Journal of Nursing Education   52 (2), 77- 84.

UH Maui College is part of the Hawaii Statewide Nursing Program (HSNC).  There are two exit options from UHMC: Practical Nurse (PN), and Associate in Science Registered Nurse (RN). A Bachelor of Science Registered Nurse (BSN) option is available from UH Mānoa (UHM). Maui College students who successfully complete the required RN courses from Maui College have the opportunity to be admitted to the third level UHM Bachelor of Science courses, offered on Maui.

Health care students are required to complete University prescribed academic requirements that involve clinical practice in a University affiliated health care facility setting with no substitution allowable.   Failure of students to complete the prescribed clinical practice shall be deemed as not satisfying academic program requirements.   It is the responsibility of students to satisfactorily complete affiliated health care facility background checks and drug testing requirements in accordance with procedures and timelines as prescribed by the affiliated health care facility. Per UH Board of Regents policy, priority for admission is given to fully qualified State of Hawaii residents as determined by the registrar for tuition purposes.

•   Practical Nurse – Certificate of Achievement (CA):   PN graduates with the CA are prepared to work under the supervision of a registered nurse or physician in hospitals, extended care facilities, private nursing agencies, home health agencies, clinics, and physician offices.

•   Registered Nurse – Associate in Science Degree (AS):   RN graduates with the AS degree are prepared for beginning level positions in hospitals, extended care facilities, clinics, physician offices, private nursing agencies, and home health agencies.

• Apply to UH Maui College. Send one copy of official transcripts from previous colleges (outside of the University of Hawaii system) to “Registrar, UH Maui College.” Call 984-3306 as soon as possible for an appointment with an academic counselor for a transcript evaluation for “advanced standing credits.”

• Complete all required prerequisites.

Selection for the Nursing program is competitive. Criteria include grades in prerequisite courses listed above and other non-nursing courses required for graduation such as FAMR 230, and Humanities elective; experience in health care (nurse aide preferred); and Test of Essential Academic Skills score. MICRO 140 is not required but 1 point is awarded toward selection. In the event students have the same points in the Program Application, the student with the highest UHMC grade point average will be offered admission to the program.

• Effective with courses taken in the Fall 2018 semester, courses may be repeated twice to raise a grade. Of the three times that the course has been taken, the higher grade will be utilized. Only grades in the first three attempts will be considered for admission to the PN/RN program.

• The science courses, ZPHYL 141 and 142 (4 credits-lecture and lab) and Microbiology 130 (3 credit lecture), have a ten-year time limit, which must be completed within the last 10 years prior to the application deadline.   (Note: Students do not have to repeat the lab course; PHYL 141 and 142 may be repeated in the UH system online as 3 credit lecture classes only.)

 Contact the Program Coordinator, Kathleen Hagan by email at    [email protected]  for information.

The Nursing program is accredited by the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN).

Graduates are deemed eligible by the State of Hawaiʻi Board of Nursing to take the Licensed Practical Nurse or Registered Nurse examination and apply for licensure in the State of Hawaiʻi. The National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) issues national, uniform requirements for licensure by exam or endorsement, renewals and reinstatement. These include proof of completion of an approved nursing education program, successful completion of the NCLEX exam, proficiency in English, and self-disclosure of misdemeanors, felonies and substance abuse.

However, each state’s Nursing Practice Act outlines its unique requirements. From state to state, license application fees, length of application process, renewal timelines and requirements, clinical hours served, continued education units (CEU), and temporary practice permits vary. Here is a link to certification and licensure information for all 50 States: https://nursinglicensemap.com/states/.

Nursing Program Information

• TEAS Preadmission testing info
• The science courses (i.e., Zoology 141 and 142 (4 credits-lecture and lab) and Microbiology 130(3 credit lecture) have a ten-year time limit, which must be completed within the last ten years prior to the application deadline. (Note: students do not have to repeat the lab course, i.e. Zool 141 and 142 may be repeated in the UH system online as 3 credit lecture classes only)

Ruthie Clearwater, MSN, RN, CFRN, CCRN, CEN, TCRN [email protected]

Mary Farmer, RN, MSN [email protected]

Kathleen Hagan, MSN, APRN-BC, CNE [email protected]

Van Ho, MSN, RN [email protected]

Olivia Li, EdD, MSN, RN [email protected]

Hannah Litt, MS, APRN-Rx, CNM [email protected]

Kim Pickering, MSN, RN, CNE [email protected]

Konstantina Rose, MSN, APRN-BC [email protected]

Feliciana Sales, RN, MSN [email protected]

Anne Scharnhorst, DNP, RN, CNE [email protected]

Jackie Thomas, DNP, RN, CFRN, CEN [email protected]

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Federal agency issues nursing home staffing brief highlighting CNA numbers gap

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The majority of US nursing homes currently meet at least two of the three criteria of the federal nursing home mandate, according to a new brief from federal health officials. Only about 30% meet the requirements for certified nursing assistants, however.

The 12-page report examined what percentage of facilities meet the requirements and also estimated how many new staff positions would have to be filled by the average nursing home that cannot yet meet them. It was  published Friday.

Overall, report authors gave an optimistic outlook of providers’ potential ability to meet the new requirements. 

“Our results show that a majority of US nursing facilities currently staff at or above the level of two of the three minimum HPRD requirements of the final rule,” wrote its authors, a group of four policy and social science analysts with the Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE)

As of May, 50% of nursing homes met the requirement for registered nurse care and 59% met the overall benchmark for 3.48 hours of care per resident per day. Only 30% met the requirement for CNA hours, however — a signal of the staffing retention woes that have plagued the long-term care sector for years.

“Recruiting CNAs has always been a challenge given lower wages, competition with other industries for the same workers, and the hard physical labor and emotional stress that comes with the job,” Sarah Friede, senior vice president of recruitment services at Health Dimensions Group told McKnight’s Long-Term Care News Monday.

The ASPE analysts acknowledged relying on government data that could not specify whether facilities were providing 24/7 registered nurse care or not, but noted that 78% of nursing homes are providing at least 24 hours of RN care each day.

The analysts suggested a fairly light amount of additional staffing would be needed by facilities that fall below the benchmarks set by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services in April. 

“Our analysis finds that for an average-sized (i.e. 100-bed) nursing home that staffed below at least one of the minimum HPRD requirements, relatively few staff would need to be added to each shift (between 0.7 and 2 additional staff per shift, depending on the role) in order to staff at or above the minimum HPRD requirements,” they wrote.

Again, CNAs would require the largest adjustment, with the average facility currently below the CMS requirement projected to need two new CNAs per eight-hour shift.

Providers, however, have been sounding the alarm on a workforce that has never fully recovered to pre-COVID-19 pandemic numbers and may be showing signs of stagnation .

Friede told Mcknight’s that there have been some positive shifts in the workforce broadly, but that these changes don’t necessarily apply to all care worker positions or all providers.

“Every community, organization and location have their own unique set of challenges and need to remain competitive with others in their market by adjusting and reevaluating a number of factors from wages, internal equity, benefit offerings, community culture and reputation,” she said.

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Levels of Nursing & Ranks Explained

• What Is the Nursing Hierarchy?
• Levels of Nursing Explained
• Nursing Degree & Diploma Levels
• Finding Your Level of Nursing

There are five distinct levels of nursing, each with its own unique role in the field, education standards, and scope of practice. Read this article to understand the nursing hierarchy and how the nurse ranks function in healthcare organizations.

What Is the Nursing Hierarchy & Why Is It Important?

The nursing hierarchy refers to levels of nursing care, ranging from entry-level nursing assistants to advanced clinical and non-clinical specialists. Each nurse rank has distinct requirements that justify its scope of practice.

Nurse ranks are essential to providing quality patient care. Understanding your rank and scope of practice allows you to know exactly when you can administer a nursing intervention , delegate tasks, or ask for help from a higher-ranking nurse.

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What Are the Levels of Nursing?

1. Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) / State Tested Nursing Assistant (STNA)

An STNA and CNA are essentially the same roles with different titles based on your state of practice. CNAs help patients with activities of daily living and other healthcare needs under the direct supervision of a registered nurse (RN) or licensed practical nurse (LPN). They must complete a state-approved training program to earn their licensure.

• Requirements: CNA programs typically have a minimum age requirement of 16-18 years, require a high school diploma or GED equivalent, a criminal background check, and a written competency test
• Education: 4-12 week CNA program, certification exam, and state license
• Annual Salary: $35,760 per year, $17.19 per hour ( BLS )
• Career Outlook:  4% growth from 2022-2032 ( BLS )

  >> Click to See the 4 Steps to Becoming an Aesthetic Nurse

2. Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) / Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN)

LVNs and LPNs are interchangeable titles depending on where you work. California and Texas use LVN, and the rest of the United States uses LPN.

As an LPN/LVN, you can work in hospitals, nursing homes, and other medical facilities. Typical LPN responsibilities include basic patient care and comfort measures, like bathing, bandage changing, and checking vitals. Usually, they work under the guidance of an RN or medical doctor (MD).

• Requirements: To get into an LPN program, you'll need a high school diploma or GED equivalent and be at least 18 years old
• Education: 1-2 year LPN/LVN diploma or degree program, passing NCLEX-PN score, and state licensure
• Salary: $54,620 per year, $26.26 per hour per BLS
• Career Outlook: 5% growth from 2022-2032 (BLS)

3. Registered Nurse (RN)

Registered nurses administer hands-on patient care in various settings like hospitals, medical offices, nursing homes, and other healthcare facilities. As a registered nurse, you'll work with physicians and healthcare team members to administer nursing interventions and provide treatment. You'll also educate patients and families about health issues.

• Requirements:  RN programs require a high school diploma or GED equivalent, nursing school prereqs like high school biology and college-preparatory math, and passing entrance exam scores
• Education: 2-year RN diploma program, 2-year Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) program, or 4-year Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program, passing NCLEX-RN score, and state licensure
• Salary:  $81,220 per year, $39.05 per hour ( BLS )
• Career Outlook: 6% growth from 2022-2032 (BLS)

>> Related: Top 10 No Entrance Exam Nursing Schools

4. Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN)

APRNs are highly educated nursing experts who attend specialty programs focused on their practice fields. In many states, APRNs can prescribe medication and practice independently, while in other states, they practice under the oversight of an MD.

The four APRN specialties are:

• Nurse Practitioner (NP)
• Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)
• Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA)
• Certified Nurse-Midwife (CNM)

>> Related: What is Full Practice Authority for Nurse Practitioners?

• Requirements:  APRN programs require an undergraduate nursing degree with a minimum GPA (often 3.0-3.5), 1-2 years of nursing experience, letters of recommendation, admissions interviews, and prerequisite courses
• Education: 2-3 year MSN degree or 3-4 year DNP degree (CRNAs must have a DNP by 2025), clinical hours, and state board licensure
• Salary: $125,900 per year, $60.53 per hour ( BLS )
• Career Outlook: 38% growth from 2022-2032 (BLS)

>> Show Me Online MSN Programs

5. Non-Clinical Advanced Nursing Specialties

Like APRNs, non-clinical advanced nursing specialties require graduate degrees. However, these degrees focus primarily on leadership, administration, education, or research.

Graduates from non-clinical programs often find jobs as nursing directors and administrators, nurse educators, informatics nurses, and research nurses, which are some of the highest nursing positions.

• Requirements: To get into a non-clinical graduate program, you usually need an undergraduate degree with a minimum GPA (often 3.0-3.5), 1-2 years of nursing experience, letters of recommendation, admissions interviews, and prerequisites
• Education: Non-clinical advanced nursing specialties require an MSN, DNP, or 4-5 year Ph.D. in Nursing
• Salary: $100,000 - $112,000 per year (Payscale 1 )
• Career Outlook: Varies by job, ranging from 8% to 28% growth from 2022 to 2032 in relevant BLS categories

1 Data pulled from Payscale MSN , DNP , and Ph.D. in Nursing salary reports

Nursing Degrees and Diplomas Ranked From Lowest to Highest

Each level of nursing has its own education requirements. The following is a brief overview of nursing degree levels and their corresponding nurse ranks. 

You can learn more about each degree and certification in our complete guide to nursing degrees .

1. CNA Certification

• Program Length: 4-12 weeks
• Nurse Rank:  Certified Nursing Assistant

As the lowest rank in the nursing hierarchy, CNAs earn the smallest salaries and have the most narrow scope of practice. CNA programs include classroom training and clinical instruction, culminating in a two-part knowledge and skills test.

>> Related: CNA Certification Requirements by State

2. LPN Diploma or Degree

• Program Length:  1-2 years
• Nurse Rank: Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse

You may attend a diploma or associate's degree program to become an LPN. Typically found at community colleges and vocational schools, LPN programs consist of didactic training, hands-on labs, and clinical rotations.

>> Related: RN vs LPN Differences

3. RN Diploma

• Program Length: 2 years
• Nurse Rank: Registered Nurse

RN diplomas are the least common route to becoming a registered nurse. Typically offered at hospitals and vocational schools, the RN diploma is  not a college degree. However, these programs do prepare you for the NCLEX-RN exam and qualify you for state licensure.

4. Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN)

• Nurse Rank:  Registered Nurse

ADN curriculum focuses on clinical skills and prepares students for direct patient care roles. From a bedside nursing position, ADN-RNs can make several lateral career moves, including working outside hospital settings as nurse case managers or aesthetic nurses .

5. Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)

• Program Length:  4 years

BSN graduates take the same NCLEX as diploma and ADN-trained nurses. However, an expanded education that includes nursing theory makes BSN-RNs preferred by employers.

>> Show Me Online RN-to-BSN Programs

6. Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)

• Program Length: 2-3 years
• Nurse Rank:  APRN, Non-Clinical Advanced Specialist

The master's level of nursing education is the first milestone for nurses who want to enter non-clinical specialties, including nursing informatics and public health. Several MSN degrees also bring nurses to the advanced practice registered nursing level. MSN-trained APRNs can become nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, and certified nurse midwives.

7. Doctor Of Nursing Practice (DNP)

• Program Length: 3-4 years

The DNP is the highest level of nursing education that prepares nurses for administrative and APRN positions. As thought leaders, DNPs also implement health policy and influence healthcare outcomes. While many DNP programs require a master's degree, you may attend a BSN to DNP program as a registered nurse.

As of 2025, nurse anesthetists must have a DNP degree, as per the updated CRNA guidelines .

>> Show Me DNP Programs

8. Ph.D. in Nursing

• Program Length:  4-5 years
• Nurse Rank:  Non-Clinical Advanced Specialist

The Ph.D. curriculum prepares nurses for planning, executing, and publishing evidence-based nursing research to improve nursing outcomes. To graduate as a Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing, you'll complete the program curriculum and conduct an independent research dissertation.

>> Related: DNP vs PhD in Nursing - What is the Difference?

What Level of Nursing is Right For Me?

Selecting an appropriate level of nursing for you depends on your professional goals. Several career nurses are happy to remain at the RN level until retirement. Registered nurses alone have so many specialization and lateral career options that moving up the hierarchy doesn't always feel necessary.

However, if you want to work as an APRN or non-clinical specialist, you must move up the nurse rankings. These positions are right for you if you seek to optimize your nursing salary, want a broader scope of practice, or want to work in non-bedside positions.

Ready to advance your career? Rise up the nurse ranks with these Nurse.org education guides:

• How to go From RN to BSN
• RN to BSN Programs Guide
• Pros & Cons of an MSN Degree
• BSN to NP Programs Guide
• MSN to DNP Programs Guide

Nursing Ranks & Hierarchy FAQs

What are the different levels of nursing .

• Nursing levels start with certified nursing assistants and progress to licensed practical nurses, registered nurses, advanced practice nurses, and non-clinical specialties. Each rank has its own education standards.

What is the highest Nurse Position? 

• Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) are the highest-level nurses. APRNs include certified nurse midwives (CNMs), clinical nurse specialists (CNSs), certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs), and nurse practitioners (NPs).

What comes first, RN or BSN?

• You can become an RN before earning a BSN by attending an accredited RN diploma or Associate Degree in Nursing. But you may start with a BSN to become a registered nurse if you wish.

What degree is higher than an RN?

• Registered nurse (RN) is a license that requires an RN diploma, ADN degree, or BSN degree. To pursue higher nursing positions, you'll need to attend graduate school to earn an MSN, DNP, or Ph.D. in nursing.

Who is higher, RN or LPN? 

• An RN has more responsibility than an LPN. An LPN has some clinical practice limits, such as not being able to push IV medication. 

Find Nursing Programs

Sarah Jividen , RN, BSN, is a trained neuro/trauma and emergency room nurse turned freelance healthcare writer/editor. As a journalism major, she combined her love for writing with her passion for high-level patient care. Sarah is the creator of Health Writing Solutions , LLC, specializing in writing about healthcare topics, including health journalism, education, and evidence-based health and wellness trends. She lives in Northern California with her husband and two children. 

Plus, get exclusive access to discounts for nurses, stay informed on the latest nurse news, and learn how to take the next steps in your career.

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Nursing Care Assistant I (CNA) Rehab

Durham, NC, US, 27704

At Duke Health, we're driven by a commitment to compassionate care that changes the lives of patients, their loved ones, and the greater community. No matter where your talents lie, join us and discover how we can advance health together.

About Duke Regional Hospital

Pursue your passion for caring with Duke Regional Hospital in Durham, North Carolina, which ranks as the number four hospital in the Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina area, accordingto U.S. News and World Report for 2023-2024. Duke Regional Hospital is the second largest of Duke Health's three hospitals and offers a comprehensive range of medical, surgical, and diagnostic services, including orthopedics, weight-loss surgery, women's services, and heart and vascular services.

Duke Nursing Highlights:

• Duke University Health System is designated as a Magnet organization
• Nurses from each hospital are consistentlyrecognized each year as North Carolina's Great 100 Nurses.
• Duke University Health System was awarded the American Board of Nursing Specialties Award for Nursing Certification Advocacy for being strong advocates of specialty nursing certification.
• Duke University Health System has 6000 + registered nurses
• Quality of Life: Living in the Triangle!
• Relocation Assistance (based on eligibility)

Nursing Care Assistant - Rehab- Duke Regional Hospital

Duke University Health System-  Duke Regional Hospital  seeks to hire a Nursing care Assistant who will embrace our mission of  Advancing Health Together.

Department Profile:

The Inpatient Rehab unit at Duke Regional Hospital is comprised of a 30 –bedded Nursing floor specialized in inpatient Rehabilitation Nursing with a heavy emphasis on neurology patients.

  Work Schedule:

Night Shift 7p-7a 

  Job Summary:

Perform a variety of nonprofessional nursing duties in the direct care of patients under the direct supervision of an RN/LPN. Perform a variety of clerical duties involved in preparing, maintaining, and processing patient, unit (s), and hospital data and records including operating the organization's patient care information systems.

Work Performed:

• Administer treatment and personal care procedures to patients including, but not limited to, feeding, bathing, shaving changing clothing, cleaning, and trimming fingernails, bed-making, assisting with ambulation, enemas, skin care, and bowel and bladder elimination; provide such additional care as required to meet the personal needs and comfort of assigned patients.
• Perform a variety of selected patient care tasks under the direction of an RN/LPN to assist medical and nursing personnel in the examination, treatment, and care of patients.
• Retrieve and record patient data in electronic medical records (EMR) and report to Nurse noting any new abnormal changes in the patient's condition.
• Participate in the transport of patients.
• Clean assigned area: stock and replenish supplies and equipment as required.
• Perform a variety of clerical tasks involved in operating the organization's patient care information system.
• Acknowledge orders on the EMR task list, verify printouts, and input verified orders to request diets, treatments, nursing services, equipment, and diagnostic and laboratory tests and procedures.
• Assemble and maintain patient charts from admission through discharge Prepare and upload paper documents into the electronic medical record (EMR). Exhibit professional communication skills when answering the telephone and interacting with patients, visitors, and other staff members.
• Navigate electronic medical records, access patient information, generate reports, schedule appointments, and manage a task list.
• Use available technology to request and coordinate patient transport.
• Assign nursing staff to communication systems. Perform other related duties incidental to the work described herein.
• Completion of a Level I - Nurse Aide education program approved by the North Carolina Board of Nursing or successful completion of the NC - approved Nurse Aide I competency test.
• High school diploma or equivalent required

 Degrees, Licensure, and/or Certification

• Currently listed as a Nursing Assistant (NAI) with the N.C. Department of Health and Human Services Division of Health Service Regulation
• AHA Basic Healthcare provider certification must be maintained/completed by the end of the new hire orientation.

Duke is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer committed to providing employment opportunity without regard to an individual's age, color, disability, gender, gender expression, gender identity, genetic information, national origin, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, or veteran status.

Duke aspires to create a community built on collaboration, innovation, creativity, and belonging. Our collective success depends on the robust exchange of ideas—an exchange that is best when the rich diversity of our perspectives, backgrounds, and experiences flourishes. To achieve this exchange, it is essential that all members of the community feel secure and welcome, that the contributions of all individuals are respected, and that all voices are heard. All members of our community have a responsibility to uphold these values.

Essential Physical Job Functions: Certain jobs at Duke University and Duke University Health System may include essentialjob functions that require specific physical and/or mental abilities. Additional information and provision for requests for reasonable accommodation will be provided by each hiring department.

Nearest Major Market: Durham Nearest Secondary Market: Raleigh

Duke is an Affirmative Action / Equal Opportunity Employer committed to providing employment opportunity without regard to an individual’s age, color, disability, gender, gender expression, gender identity, genetic information, national origin, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, or veteran status. Read more about Duke’s commitment to affirmative action and nondiscrimination at hr.duke.edu/eeo.

West Coast University - OC/Manchester Campus

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1477 S Manchester Ave

Anaheim, CA 92802

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Hello Dalia, During the pandemic, we will continue to monitor state and federal guidelines. Our lecture courses will remain online until it is safe to return to… more

My concern is paying back the loans, how does it work if i get the full loans for the whole program. how much would i have to be paying a month after graduation?

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