lnat essay questions 2024

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Free LNAT Practice Tests 2024

Are you looking for lnat practice tests struggling to find lnat questions for revision don't want to pay for a lnat question bank.

Get your preparation for the LNAT 2024 off to a great start with some free support from the LNAT Specialists at Law Mind! Find free LNAT Practice Questions for the LNAT Multiple Choice and the LNAT Essay to help you study for your LNAT! We have hundreds of sample LNAT Practice Tests to help you to familiarise yourself with the paper and common question types. Not sure about LNAT Essays? Need to revise your LNAT Multiple Choice? Then Law Mind can help!

We cover every LNAT Question Type

Section a: lnat multiple choice.

LNAT Section A is a multiple choice, 42 question, 95 minute test that will test your verbal reasoning, logic and creative thinking skills. This section is the only scored section of the LNAT; meaning that this is the only section that give you your LNAT score. This will be given as out of 42. In this section, you will have 12 argumentative passages to read, each with 3 or 4 multiple choice questions.

• Lesson 1 Analysis Multiple Choice
• Lesson 2 Literary Multiple Choice
• Lesson 3 Timing Strategies
• Lesson 4 Timing Contingencies
• Lesson 5 Assumptions vs. Text
• Lesson 6 LNAT Test Day
• Lesson 7 Tips from the Experts
• Lesson 8 Summary and Overview

Analysis Multiple Choice

These are the kinds of multiple choice question where you are asked to sum up or identify ideas behind the passage. This may involve identifying the ‘main reason’ behind the writer’s argument or choosing a summary of an idea. These kinds of questions are there to test your deducting, inferring and judgement skills, as you will often have to find the ‘most correct’ out of all correct answers!

Literary Multiple Choice

These are the kinds of multiple choice where you are asked to explain word choice within the text. This may involve identifying synonyms, interpreting meaning or defining language. These kinds of questions are designed to test your ability to identify, understand and use language, which is very important for a legal career.

Timing Strategies

As with all exams, it is important that you can complete the 42 questions in the time allotted. Our Law Mind tutors will guide you through LNAT Practice Questions to help you perfect your timings and increase your speed.

Timing Contingencies

What do you do if you have 10 LNAT questions left to do in 5 minutes? Don’t worry, we’ll guide you through our contingency Cheetah and Rabbit strategies just in case things go wrong!

Assumptions vs. Text

Your LNAT test is not a general knowledge test; the passages are all the information that you ought to use to get to your answer. It is important to not get too bogged down in prior knowledge, as it could distract you from the correct answer. Instead, when you do your LNAT Practice Questions, focus on logical inference based on the text.

LNAT Test Day

Understanding what will happen on your LNAT Test Day is the first step to feeling relaxed and confident.

Tips from the Experts

At Law Mind, we handpick our tutors and academics for having scored highly in the LNAT themselves and for having bags of teaching experience.

Summary and Overview

This revision lesson will re-cap all of the key LNAT Section A techniques we’ve taught you.

Section B: LNAT Essay

LNAT Section B is an essay question, where you get 40 minutes to fully answer one question in an essay. This tests your arguing and writing skills, as well as your ability to offer a point of view, defend it and present it convincingly. The maximum word count is 750, so being able to be concise is key. Although this section does not contribute to your LNAT score, it is still important as it viewed by your universities! In this section, you are given three questions, one of which you will answer in an essay. Topics can be on almost anything, from morality to medicine.

• Lesson 1 Develop your main argument
• Lesson 2 Structure your LNAT Essay
• Lesson 3 Language choice and accuracy
• Lesson 4 Timings and word count
• Lesson 5 Tips from Experts
• Lesson 6 Summary

Develop your main argument

The LNAT Essay is no place to be wishy-washy! This is the time to get an opinion and put it across as well as you can. It is important that, once you have decided on an argument, that you stick to it and develop it properly. Think about the most persuasive arguments for your point of view, and how you want to put them across.

Structure your LNAT Essay

A good LNAT Essay needs to be properly structured and have a logical flow. You will need to start with an introduction, that will lay out your plan, and end with a conclusion that will sum up and tie together your whole essay.

Language choice and accuracy

You will need to write clearly and accurately in the LNAT Essay for it to be impactful; you don’t want to distract the admissions team with spelling mistakes or clumsy wording! Improving your language use is very important and, although doing regular LNAT Practice Tests can help you to get used to this way of writing, you might want to consider doing specific revision to improve this.

Timings and word count

It may seem a lot of time, but it amazing how quickly 40 minutes can go when you are trying to plan and write an essay! You want to make sure that your LNAT Practice Tests are timed so you get used to how fast you need to write in the time. For most people, the issue with the word count is that they go over, rather than under. Make sure you count the words in each of your LNAT Practice Tests, so you can see what 750 words looks like and get used to working to this as a limit. As you practise, you will need to find ways to reduce words and cut unnecessary babble.

Tips from Experts

Hear from LNAT Decision Making experts who can give you their insight into how they did well in their LNAT and what they found useful in their preparation.

Here we wrap up everything we’ve taught you and help condense everything into the salient points as well as telling you the next steps on how to formulate your revision.

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LNAT Practice Tests (Full Mocks)

42 | Ethics and Education (Test 1)

40 | Politics

42 | Science (Test 1)

42 | Science (Test 2)

LNAT Practice Questions (Mini Tests)

14 | Ethics and Education (Test 2)

16 | Science (Test 3)

25 | Philosophy

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Take your LNAT to the next level by adding in some of our award-winning 1-1 tutoring. Get feedback on your performance from LNAT experts and get useful tips on how you can improve your LNAT skills.

Why you should upgrade to our LNAT Online Course

Are you aiming for the best LNAT score possible? Well, if you are, we really recommend buying our online LNAT course. We break down your thinking process, and continuously improve and perfect your LNAT technique in both sections. You can also upgrade to our 1-1 tutoring services and essay marking services.

How Law Mind can help you with LNAT Preparation

We believe that a personal approach is best when it comes to teaching and learning. So when you sign-up for our 1-to-1 tutoring, we’ll create your study plan and you’ll receive ongoing support tailored to your needs. In addition, you’ll have access to a wealth of online resources to revise and test everything you learn.

Start with an expert LNAT tutor

After your consultation, we consider everything you’re looking for - from time to exam to prospective universities, and find a tutor that’s right for you. All of them are:

Build a personalised LNAT lesson plan

Your tutor will develop a personalised LNAT lesson plan for you based on the time until your test, the LNAT scores you are getting and your weak areas.

Maximise your LNAT potential

Regular homework and progress report will help you to get the most out of your tuition sessions.

So maximise your LNAT potential Start your journey now.

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Are these LNAT Practice Tests really free?

Yes, they are really free! We believe that everyone should be able to achieve their educational goals, regardless of background, and so we have worked hard to create a free set of LNAT Practice Tests that you can access for free. We are always looking to add more LNAT Practice Tests to this page, and would like your input! Get in touch with us to let us know which questions you find useful, what kind of questions you want to see more of and what kinds of topics you want us to cover. We want these LNAT Practice Tests to be useful to you!

How can I get the most out of these LNAT Practice Questions?

Revision can be very individual, so you can use these LNAT Practice Questions in whatever way that suits you! Stuck for ideas? Here are a few ways our LNAT students have used these in the past: - Go through the LNAT Practice Questions and use them at the beginning of your revision. That way, you can then see what level you are starting at. - Write out LNAT Practice Question and do them at intervals over your revision. For example, when you cover a particular topic, you can do a related LNAT Practice Question you find. - Rewrite LNAT Practice Questions yourself- you can use the framework from the LNAT Practice Questions and change out topics, words and ideas so you can personalise them to you.

Which LNAT Practice Questions should I focus on the most?

Do an even mix of both Section A and Section B- even though your LNAT score is only made up from Section A, Section B is still important and your university will use it as part of your application.

Other than the LNAT Practice Questions, what else can I do to boost my LNAT score?

You want to become used to common LNAT topics and more formal ways of expressing yourself, so things like reading the newspaper can be really helpful. You need to be able to make a quick judgment on a topics, so learning more in general about the world will help you. However, it is important to remember in Section A that you should only refer to ideas in the text, so here it might be useful to read literature or opinion pieces to see how people convey their ideas. This will also help you to find ways to introduce ideas in Section B.

How many LNAT Practice Questions should I do?

There is no simple answer to this, but you want to do enough preparation that you feel relaxed and confident going into the exam. Make sure that you include timed preparation when you do your LNAT Practice Questions too, as timing can often be an issue in exams.

What can I do to boost my LNAT score more?

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The LNAT (Law National Aptitude Test) is used for law school admissions in the UK. It assesses critical thinking and verbal reasoning skills through multiple-choice questions and an essay. It’s designed to gauge a candidate’s potential for legal studies.

The Law National Aptitude Test is used as part of the selection process for Law School. It is managed by LNAT Consortium Ltd and is ministered by Pearson Vue.

About LNAT The assessment will evaluate your lateral thinking capabilities as well as verbal and logic skills. It is two hours and a quarter long and divided into two sections; multiple-choice questions and an essay.

The LNAT It does not require you to have legal knowledge but instead looks at key aptitudes that are relevant and required to study and practice law. These aptitudes include:

LNAT Verbal reasoning Tests (advanced) Making logical inferences and deductions Distinguishing between fact, opinion and speculation Determining what is relevant and what is not Identifying strong and weak arguments

Below we have provided more information about the two sections of the LNAT:

The first section will present you with 12 paragraphs of information. You will be asked 3-4 subsequent questions relating to each paragraph (totalling 42 questions overall). Like all verbal reasoning tests , your answer must be solely based on the information provided, and not external knowledge.

Each question only has one answer and there is a total of 42 points available in this particular section. Wrong answers will not deduct points from your overall score. You will never be expected to guess or speculate the answer, all of the necessary information will be provided to you in order for you to decide the correct answer.

The second section will invite you to write an essay based on a choice of three topics provided to you. You will be given 40 minutes to complete your essay and it will be evaluated to see how well you are able to put forward an argument. Each of your statements must be supported with strong reasons, demonstrating logic as opposed to real facts. Make sure you do not contradict yourself at any point within your essay, as this will weaken your argument. Fluid communication and language precision is key in this exercise.

You are expected to produce around 500-600 words within the given timeframe, and to not exceed 750 words. A word counter will be provided on screen to help you.

Your LNAT scores are only valid for a year. If you take it and decide to apply to Law School a year later, you will need to repeat the exam. It is important for you to know that your essay will not be marked by LNAT, but by the universities to which you have applied. Do make sure you check each universities individual cut-off dates for these applications as they vary.

The following universities use LNAT:

University of Birmingham University of Bristol Durham University University of Glasgow Kings College London University of Nottingham University of Oxford SOAS University of London UCL Faculty of Law Maynooth University IE University

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Cracking the LNAT: Tips and Strategies for Success on the National Admissions Test for Law in 2024

This guide was written by one of our Oxbridge Law Tutors (Anya - Hertford College, Oxford), with expert knowledge in all things Law, Law Schools, and the LNAT. Read on for their top tips for success including what to expect, how it’s structured, and what score you need to get to feel secure.

What is the LNAT Test?

Like with many subjects, Oxford and Cambridge require a good score in an admissions test for a candidate to be considered for a place on their Law course – this is the Law National Aptitude Test , frequently called the LNAT. However, unlike some other subjects, the LNAT is also required by many other prestigious institutions across the country, such as the University of Bristol, University of Durham, and University College London, to name but a few. As such, it’s important to do some LNAT prep prior to the exam to make sure you have the best shot possible at getting a good mark.

The LNAT is a two-part admissions test by Pearson , usually sat in an Pearson centre using a computer – similar to how you’d sit a driving theory test. It’s purpose is not to test your knowledge of the law, but instead to test your critical thinking skills and essay-writing technique . This is because university law courses are structured with the assumption that you have not studied the law before – there is no prior knowledge required, just good skills of analysis, communication and critical thinking . As Law as a degree mainly consists of digesting long passages of verbose text and restructuring them into a clear, intelligible essay, these skills are extremely valuable to universities, and this test provides them with evidence as to how you perform in these areas.

How do I know if I need to take the LNAT?

As mentioned above, there is a list of institutions in the UK that require the LNAT. These institutions are as follows:

The University of Bristol

The University of Cambridge

Durham University

The University of Glasgow

King’s College London

London School of Economics

The University of Oxford

SOAS (School of Oriental and African Studies), University of London

University College London

The international universities IE and Singapore University of Social Sciences also may require the LNAT under ‘some circumstances’, and the official webpage for the national admissions test for law advises the applicant to ‘check with the universities directly for details’. 

If you need to sit the LNAT, you apply online and book a test using your LNAT web account. You must travel to a Pearson centre on your booked date to sit the LNAT test. You sit the same exam for all LNAT universities, so the Cambridge LNAT is the same exam as for UCL. You cannot resit the LNAT in the same application cycle, so it’s very important to get in your LNAT practice and use resources like this LNAT guide to make sure you’re prepared!

The LNAT Test: What to Expect, and How it is Structured

The LNAT exam is 2 hours and 15 minutes long , and separated into two parts, Section A and Section B.

In the first part – section A – you will answer 42 multiple choice questions on 12 passages of text, and you have 95 minutes to complete the section. The passages are usually about 1 page long, and will be followed by 3-5 multiple choice questions. It’s important to note that these passages usually aren’t related to law – they can be about any topic in the world, from Formula 1 to chicken farming, and are used to test your reading comprehension and critical thinking skills, as well as whether you can get a good general understanding of difficult passages and arguments in a short period of time.

The questions in this part will usually ask you to identify specific details in the text, or understand the general argument made in the text. However, this is often not as easy as it sounds. Oftentimes, it will appear as though every multiple-choice answer is correct, but this is never the case. It is easiest to think about which options cannot be disproved, as opposed to which one is most easily proved, but we will discuss this in more detail later.

In Section B, you have to write one essay from a choice of three questions. As with the multiple choice questions, it is unlikely that these will be law-based, and they can be on any topic – so you’re not guaranteed to have a good knowledge of the subject matter. As such, it tests your ability to form and structure a coherent argument effectively and persuasively. You have 40 minutes to write the essay.

Mastering the LNAT : Our Oxbridge Law Tutor's Top Tips

General tips for the lnat in 2024.

Firstly, some general advice: start early. As the LNAT is not a content-based test, there is no way to ensure your success by cram-revising material the night before. In order to get to grips with the test and timings, you want to start plenty in advance and engage with your LNAT practice little and often. It’s good to try and start before August so that you have a lot of time to get used to answering the type of questions asked – doing a couple of multiple choice questions a week, and/or a practice essay, can be a great start and engages your brain with the type of critical thinking required in the exam. Intensify your practice as you get closer to the exam date, but be careful not to overwork yourself and burn out.

Timing is incredibly important in the exam. It’s so, so important to stick to timings, and you’ll find that running out of time is the most difficult barrier you’ll face. As you practice, allow yourself strictly 8 minutes per passage in Section A, and 40 minutes per essay in Section B. This includes reading the passage and answering the questions. This will seem difficult at first, but practising more questions will improve your speed as you get used to them.

LNAT: Section A

Now, for some specific tips on Section A. It is important to note that, as I mentioned above, it will frequently seem like all of the multiple choice answers to a question about a passage could be correct – but this is never the case. Therefore, I found it easier if I inverted how I was thinking about the answers in my head, and searched for not which was the most right, but instead, which was the least wrong. While this may seem identical in principle, imagine it like this: I imagined I was looking for whichever statement a rival prosecutor could not conjure an argument in opposition of, from the information in the passage. Often, when you’re stuck, an alternative way of thinking such as this can really help you to re-visualise what you’re being asked, and help you find an answer.

This next tip is the one that completely revolutionised my LNAT practice: do not read the multiple choice answers until you already have an idea of what the answer could be. Read the passage, and then read the question, but cover up the answers beneath it with your hand. Think about how you would answer the question, and then look at the answers, and see which of them is the closest to what you previously thought. This prevents you from second-guessing yourself when you see another viable answer as an option.

  LNAT: Section B  

Now for some Section B tips. Section B is harder to give advice for, since it’s purpose is to show universities your essay writing style, and the coherency and persuasiveness of your arguments, all of which are individual to the applicant. However, there are a few general things that should improve the quality of your Section B.

Firstly, make each of your points very clear. You want to have one driving argument throughout your essay, and a clear point in each paragraph. Make sure these points are clear and decisive, and can easily be picked out of your writing, as they not only make your argument more persuasive but also add structure to your essay by making clear the issue you’re discussing. 

Secondly, consider including three different types of analysis: descriptive, analytic, and normative . Descriptive involves describing your point – what is the thing you’re discussing? For example, should your essay be about fishing, what aspect of fishing are you writing about? Analytic involves the analysis of your point – why is it like this? Why could fishing cause controversy, why would you choose to argue this? And finally normative is the ‘should’; it involves making a judgement about the point up for discussion, sometimes involving the consideration of precedent, ethics and morals. Should fishing be causing this controversy? Including these three different kinds of analysis need not be explicit in your writing in paragraphs, but can help to structure your writing and provide you with something to write if none of the topics are quite what you’d hoped for.

Top LNAT Practice Resources

If you want to practice these tips, you’re going to want to get your hands on some practice resources. There are lots of available resources both in the form of LNAT practice exams and revision books, so there is a range of ways to do your LNAT preparation online, or with a book.

For a physical resource, there are countless LNAT practice books to choose from. An excellent choice is ‘The Ultimate LNAT Collection’ by William Anthony and Dr Rohan Agarwal, which contains over 600 practice questions and solutions. If you choose to use a physical resource, using a timer on your phone to ensure you’re practising the 8-minute per question-set timing correctly can really help your practice. There are plenty of other good LNAT practice books too, available for purchase online and in bookstores, so pick one that suits you.

The official LNAT website also is a good bet to look at prior to taking the test. This website offers free practice tests, study guides, and a range of resources to help you prepare for the LNAT.

If you are looking for a cohesive guide to the Law application process, look no further than the U2 Law Interview Preparation Guide which will guide you through every step to getting accepted onto your dream course, including some recommended reading to get your mind buzzing in advance of the LNAT test.

What score do I need to get in the LNAT exam?

There is no ‘pass mark’ for the LNAT, however different universities have different expectations of how they would like you to perform. In the 2021/ 2022 academic year, the average score obtained by successful Oxford applicants was 28.25 , but for Bristol it was 25 . It is ideal to aim for an LNAT score of approximately 27 , but the average LNAT score can change drastically from year to year – it dropped from 22.9 in 2015/2016 to 17.9 in 2016/2017. In 2021/2022, the average LNAT score was 20.8.

How are the marks calculated?

Section A is marked by offering one mark per correct multiple-choice answer. This is how the average LNAT score is calculated. However, while no distinct ‘mark’ is given, it’s important to focus on Section B too, as many universities will put a lot of weight on the essay section.

How can U2 help you with your LNAT preparation?

If you determine that a tutor will be the right investment in your LNAT journey, then U2 Tuition can offer you a personalised tuition experience with an expert LNAT tutor. See our Law School page to find out all the ways in which we can support your application.

Outside of the tuition sessions, your U2 LNAT tutor will also provide you with targeted homework in order to maximise your time during the LNAT preparation cycle and so that you reinforce all the concepts needed to score above the national average.

We have been honoured to guide dozens of students to the LNAT finish line and help them overcome a major obstacle to reaching their Law School dreams. If you would like to hear more about how a U2 LNAT tutor can help you on your LNAT journey, book a free consultation to discuss your goals and LNAT prep strategy with one of our expert tutors.

Best of luck!

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For the admissions cycle for 2025 entry the Faculty of Law requires prospective applicants to sit the Law National Aptitude Test (LNAT) as a pre-interview admissions assessment. The LNAT is an internationally recognised standard for assessing applicants’ abilities in reading comprehension, inductive and deductive reasoning, verbal reasoning, and analysis, all of which are necessary skills to do well in Law at university. The LNAT does not assess intelligence or your knowledge of the law.

Cambridge will use both sections of the LNAT to assess applicants. The first section consists of 42 multiple choice questions relating to 12 argumentative passages over 95 minutes. The second is an essay in response to one of three possible questions in 40 minutes, for a total examination time of two hours and 15 minutes. The essay component will be marked centrally at Cambridge.

Please note that the LNAT will be used to deselect applicants (that is, it will be used, along with all other relevant information, in determining which applicants will be invited for interview), as well as for the selection of applicants.

Applicants are expected to sit their LNAT in September or early October, as the LNAT must have been completed by Cambridge’s 15 October UCAS deadline. Applicants may book their LNAT tests when registration opens on 1 August. Tests are completed at testing centres affiliated with the LNAT’s testing provider, Pearson Vue.

The fee for taking the LNAT is £75 at UK/EU test centres and £120 at test centres in the rest of the world. There is an LNAT bursary scheme available to candidates struggling to pay for their LNAT test. Test fees will be waived for UK/EU students in receipt of certain state benefits. Candidates must apply for their bursary before booking their LNAT.

To book your LNAT test, or to see further information, including sample tests, please visit the LNAT website .

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YOUR ULTIMATE GUIDE

The Definitive Starter Guide To The LNAT (Law National Aptitude Test) 2024

Written by: Matt Amalfitano-Stroud

If you are thinking about taking the LNAT, this article is for you! We’re going to be covering both basic information that teaches you about the LNAT and more in-depth explorations of each LNAT section, as well as example questions and essay structures. 

LNAT BASICS: EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW

Before you get started with your LNAT preparation, here’s some key information about the exam. You’ll learn what the LNAT is, why it is used, who needs to sit the exam and more. Let’s jump right in:

Let’s start with the absolute basics shall we…

What is the LNAT?

The LNAT is an admissions test, taken on a computer, used by some universities to shortlist candidates for their undergraduate Law degree programmes and their interviews, including both Oxbridge Universities.

The test is designed to test your reasoning, ability to comprehend a text, evidence-based reading and writing skills. The LNAT does NOT test your legal knowledge and you are NOT expected to have any .

What is the LNAT's Structure?

The LNAT has a simple structure as it consists of two sections, Section A and Section B. 

Section A includes multiple-choice questions based on 12 text passages , with three to four multiple choice questions each. There are 42 questions in total.

Section B requires you to write one essay . You will be given three proposed prompts , of which you will choose the one option which suits you best.

This tables sums up what you can expect to see in the LNAT: 

LNAT Structure

Why is the LNAT used?

The LNAT is used as an admissions requirement as it provides universities with a fair and objective tool to assess their candidates.

It tests the students’ intellectual ability without requiring any prior legal knowledge and it helps them differentiate applicants by measuring their critical reasoning skills which are essential to any Law student.

How Much does the LNAT Cost?

Applicants will need to pay a fee in order to sit the LNAT . The fees are as follows: 

LNAT UK Fee

Lnat international fee.

This fee will be paid during your registration for the test and is paid via any major credit or debit card. If you’re unable to pay in this method, you can also purchase an LNAT voucher via cheque or bank transfer. 

Candidates who will struggle to pay this fee and are currently collecting certain state benefits will be able to apply for the LNAT Bursary online. You can find out more on the link provided. 

How to Register for the LNAT?

To register for the LNAT, you need to create an account on the Pearson VUE Portal , the organisation responsible for running it. After setting an account up on their website, you will receive an email confirmation together with further instructions about how to book your place for the LNAT. This will include providing details of your location and, at the end of the process, payment. 

Bear in mind that many students take the LNAT each year, so it is best to sign up for the test as early as possible, to make sure you will get to take the test at the centre you want on your preferred date.

Where is the LNAT held?

There are over 5,500 LNAT test centres around the world with 150 in the UK . It is better to regularly check the status of the centre you want to take the test at to make sure they are fully functioning, as centres may close for certain periods of time. 

Which Universities Require the LNAT?

There are 11 Law Schools in the UK and 2 International Universities that require their applicants to sit the LNAT. No exceptions are made in this process, so all applicants must sit the exam. 

UK LNAT Universities

• University of Bristol
• Durham University
• King’s College London
• University of Nottingham
• University of Cambridge
• University of Glasgow
• LSE London School of Economics and Political Science
• University of Oxford
• University College London (UCL)

International LNAT Universities

• IE University, Spain
• SUSS Singapore University of Social Sciences

Please note that 2022 was the first year that the University of Cambridge will require the LNAT for their law course. In previous years, Cambridge has used an in-house admissions test called the Cambridge Law Test (CLT). This test has since been discontinued in favour of the LNAT.

Key LNAT Dates

As the LNAT is a computer-based test, you have the flexibility of taking it pretty much whenever you want before or after having submitted your UCAS application. However, there are two important aspects you need to keep in mind.

Firstly, make sure to check if the universities you are applying to have set a deadline for students to take the LNAT.  If you are applying to start university in September/October 2024, the timelines for Oxford and other universities, according to the official website, are the following:

Oxbridge Universities

As Oxford and Cambridge have their deadlines set earlier than the other universities, it is really important that you prepare for, book and take the test as soon as possible, before October 15th.

All Other Universities

Note that it would be very sensible to double-check everything with the universities you apply to as a precaution. Missing an important deadline will be the breaking point of your application, so it’s never a good idea to leave things to chance.

If you are an international student submitting a late application you may be allowed to sit the exam by 31st July 2025, but this is highly dependant on the individual arrangements of the university.

How hard is the LNAT?

The LNAT is quite a difficult exam. It tests a variety of skills under time pressure, so preparation and practice are essential if you aim to achieve a good score.

There key skills that you will need to prepare are your deduction and verbal reasoning skills . You’ll be answering questions about fairly complex pieces of writing , so you need to be able develop a deep understanding of writing and reasoning techniques in order to perform well. 

As for the essay writing, many of these skills will transfer over , but with the addition of being required to express your own ideas instead of reading someone else’s. 

How is the LNAT scored?

Your LNAT score represents the score achieved in Section A of the test. The maximum score is 42 , as each question is marked with one point. A computer will check your answers in Section A and it will generate your LNAT score which will be made available to universities .

The essay written in Section B will not be scored separately and won’t affect the overall score in any way. This is due to nature of essay marking, as this process cannot be automated.

Instead, it will be sent to the universities you applied to for them to evaluate alongside the other elements of your application . The weight and nature of which different universities handle essay marking can vary greatly, so be sure to research if your chosen universities place importance on Section B or not .

You can find out everything you need to know about LNAT Results in The Definitive Guide to your LNAT Score.

When/How are LNAT Results Released?

Within 24 hours of sitting the LNAT, Pearson VUE will make your LNAT score and essay available to download by your chosen universities. They will see your score before you do as candidates are emailed their results twice a year , depending on when they sat the test. If you took the LNAT on or before January 26th , you will receive your result in mid-February , otherwise you can expect to get it as late as mid-August . The results will be sent to you via the email address you provided during registration.

What is a Good LNAT Score?

Your score is based purely on the multiple-choice section of the exam. This section contains 42 questions , each of which is worth one mark.

LNAT scores vary from year to year and so what a good score is changes depending on the average achieved in that cohort . Also, different universities have different requirements. For example, what a score that might be good enough to secure a place at King’s College London might not be enough for University of Oxford .

The average scores achieved by candidates in the past five years are as follows:

From this data we can see that the average LNAT results across the these years have formed an up-and-down pattern , with scores peaking in the 2019 application cycle . Overall however, applicants are generally scoring higher than they did five years ago. 

Preparing for the LNAT can be tough, let Exams.Ninja help you through it!

With the LNAT Preparation Platform , you’ll gain access to a comprehensive collection of revision notes, strategy guides and expert tutorials to teach you everything you need to know about picking apart a passage and writing a flawless argument!

LNAT SECTION A

The first section of the LNAT is the multiple choice section, where you will have to answer questions about different written passages relating a wide variety of topics. Let’s take a look at what you need to know about this part of the test!

Section A of the LNAT requires you to answer a collection of 42 multiple-choice questions based on a total of 12 short passages within 95 minutes . These passages are taken from a large variety of writers and do not adhere to any specific theme or subject. Basically, these passages could be about anything!

Due to this, the questions you will be asked are not based on content knowledge , so you won’t need to have prior knowledge of any specific subject going into the test. The majority of these questions will also have nothing to do with law , so legal knowledge is not being tested in the LNAT. 

Instead, Section A is essentially a comprehension test that challenges your ability to read and understand a piece of writing . Before we delve deeper into what the exam actually tests, let’s find take a look at the basic information you need to know.

LNAT Section A Structure

Section A of the LNAT is pretty simple in it’s layout and structure , but let’s quickly run through the basics of what you can expect on the paper.

Number of Questions

Number of passages.

This image shows an official online sample of the LNAT and provides a good idea of how the real test will look on the day. 

Your typical LNAT passage will be between 2 and 6 paragraphs long and will typically take up as much space as you see on the image, if not a bit more . You should be aware that some source state that the LNAT passages are weighed by difficulty , meaning passages will get harder as you get further into the test.

What Skills and Abilities are Tested in Section A of the LNAT?

Section A of the LNAT  aims to highlight candidates with strong  deduction and verbal reasoning skills . The questions will require you to demonstrate your ability to think about what you read, so a deep understanding of a written material is a must. You will need to be able to quickly identify the key issues in a passage, any arguments made, and to use logic and deduction to distinguish between facts, assumptions , or opinions expressed.

Section A actually has two general types of questions spread throughout:

Argument and Analysis Questions

These questions relate to any points or arguments that the author is trying to make with their writing. These questions may ask you to examine an individual paragraph or the the passage as a whole in order to determine the author’s intentions or views .  

Literary Style Questions

These questions will require you to understand literary elements used by the author, be it words, phrases or writing techniques . You will usually need to determine factual information rather than the writer’s own opinions for these questions.

Some of the skills you’re going to need to learn/practice for Section A of the LNAT include:

• Comprehension
• Interpreting texts
• Construe and identify arguments

There’s a lot more to learn about this, so we recommend you check out our full LNAT Section 1 Guide to learn more about the different question types, the types of skills you will need and tips for how to effectively prepare for and take on Section 1!

How Should I Approach Section A?

As we’ve said before, you’ve got 95 minutes to complete this section of the LNAT. While that seems like a long amount of time at first, you’ve got to factor in all the reading you’ll need to do, as well as saving some time at the end to double check everything . So what’s the best way to tackle this?

1. . You definitely need to take the LNAT one passage at a time . Each passage will have a lot of elements at play so the worst thing you can do is try to read everything at once and then try to answer all the questions with what you can remember.   

2. When starting each set of questions, you’re going to need to first read the passage in full . Advice for some similar exams is to not read the full passage and skip straight to the questions , but the passages in the LNAT are much more challenging, so trying to pick out details without understanding the whole passage is going to be too difficult for most people. 

3. You may wish to read the questions briefly before you read the passage , as you will be able to highlight important areas as you read. While not essential, it could certainly save you some time .   

4. When you’re ready to start answering questions, you need to make sure you highlight keywords . You can then search for these words in the text and determine your answer by analysing the relevant exert .  

How exactly should you allocate your time within the 95 minutes you have to complete this section? 

Passage Reading:  2 Minutes Per Passage = 22 Minutes/95 Minutes

Answering Questions: ≅90   Seconds per Question = 63 Minutes/95 Minutes

Double Checking Answers:  10 Minutes/95 Minutes

This isn’t the definitely correct amount of time to spend overall but it’s useful to know how long everything should take when time is split equally .  You may be able to breeze through some questions in under a minute while other could leave you stuck for two minutes or more . 

One thing to remember is not to linger too long on a question if you really aren’t getting. You’ll be better off moving on and getting marks for the questions afterwards rather than using all your time on the one question you don’t know. If you have time to go back and try again at the end , then that will always be the best option!

Prepare by Reading

Probably the most useful tip for the LNAT is to read as much as you can before the test, and to think critically about the points raised, arguments made, issues addressed. 

Reading newspapers can greatly help you stay informed about current affairs, technology developments. It will also come in handy when preparing for Section B , which requires you to write an essay.

Reading accurate, high-quality articles is also important as this will help you build vocabulary and get used to the formal style of LNAT Section A passages. So The Sun probably isn’t your best bet for this!

The Best Newspapers to Read for the LNAT

The Guardian

The Economist

Financial Times

The New York Times

The Independent

Each publication has articles written on a broad range of topics so it would be helpful to cover as many and as diverse areas as you can. After reading an article, you can also test your understanding by asking yourself:

• What are the main points raised?
• What facts are presented?
• What assumptions are made?
• What is the conclusion?
• What are the arguments made? Are they strong and persuasive or rather weak and easy to rebut?
• What assumptions aare made?
• What are the arguments made? Are the strong and persuasive?

Let’s take what we now know about LNAT Section A and put it into practice! 

This is  practice questions for the LNAT, along with fully worked solutions for each of the question stems. The passages are quite long but that’s the format of the exam so we’ve left it as you’d find it on the day .

If you find these questions helpful for practicing, you’re going to want to check out LNAT.Ninja , which features over 350 LNAT practice questions with worked solutions , along with expert tutorials and past papers taken in realistic LNAT exam conditions!

LNAT Practice Passage 1: Car Ownership

In 1989, when the environment was briefly top of the UK national agenda, a group of Chinese planners came to London. Many of the people who met them wanted to know how the country had managed to get so many citizens to ride bicycles – something the British authorities were unable to do. The Chinese were perplexed. “You don’t understand”, said one. “In 20 years time, no more bicycles. All cars.” That prediction is being realised. Beijing’s roads, once kerb-to-kerb with bikes, are now choked with cars. In terms of traffic, noise and air pollution, Shanghai could be Lagos or Cairo.

City after Chinese city is widening its roads, building flyovers and underpasses to cater for the increasing number of cars. The fastest automobile explosion the world has ever known is underway across the world’s most populous country. The bike, just a generation ago the transport of choice, is being driven off the street.

Last year, the Chinese reportedly bought four million new cars. Auto numbers there, says the World Bank, are now doubling roughly every four years. Commentators suggest that the country’s 1.3bn people will have more cars than the US within 25 years. Even now, the world’s leading carmakers are spending billions on setting up plants, vehicle prices are dropping precipitously, and the car has become the object of the new consumer’s dreams.

It is a similar story throughout the developing world. For the first time, more than one million new cars were sold in India last year, and the automobile industry there is growing at a rate of about 20% a year. The car fleets of Brazil, Indonesia, South Africa, and Nigeria are growing at similar rates.

But compared to the West, these numbers are as nothing. Private car ownership in the US is about 745 vehicles per 1,000 people, with slightly lower rates in Europe. There may be one car for every 2.4 British people, but only eight Indians and Chinese in 1,000 so far have a car.

Transport, says the Energy Saving Trust, accounts for 26% of all Britain’s greenhouse gas emissions and is the fastest growing source of global emissions. While the US is by far the greatest source, figures released this month by the European Environment Agency figures show emissions are still rising in Europe, making it unlikely that EU countries, as a bloc, will meet their Kyoto target.

Transport in developing countries, however, could exceed those in the industrialised world within five years.

Three years ago, US energy secretary Spencer Abraham suggested that there would be 3.5bn motor vehicles by 2050, almost four times as many as there are today. Unless there is a dramatic switch away from inefficient petrol and gas-driven cars towards biofuels, hydrogen, solar and clean electric power, this growth will be an impossibility. At the simplest level, there will not be enough oil. At the moment, oil supplies and refinery capacity can only just meet world demand from 795m vehicles.

Andrew McKillop, author of The World’s Final Energy Crisis, calculates that China, India and other developing countries will never be able to achieve the vehicle “saturation” ownership levels of the US. “There is simply no prospect of China, India, Malaysia, Brazil, Turkey, Iran, Ukraine, Mexico and other emerging car Sample Test 1 18 producers being able to achieve US, west European, Australian or Japanese rates of car production and ownership,” he says. “At current consumption rates, the estimate of 3.5bn motor vehicles would increase world oil consumption by about 70%.” In fact, the petrol used to fuel a car is the very end of a massive industrial process that requires oil at every point. Each car requires up to the equivalent of 55 barrels of oil, and runs on tyres that are about 40% oil by weight, often on tarmac (oil-based) roads. The real volume of oil needed to equip the world with cars is much higher than expected. “Not only is an explosion of the world car fleet a serious threat to the global environment,” McKillop says, “but through its impact on oil demand, it will become a threat to international stability.”

LNAT Practice Question 1

According to the passage, why will car ownership in emerging countries not be able to reach Western levels?

A. There will not be enough oil.

B. People will not be able to afford the increasing costs of ownership.

C. It would be too much of a threat to international stability.

D. It would be too much of a threat to the global environment.

E. There is already an energy crisis.

The correct answer is A.

To answer this type of question you can first cross out answers which are barely mentioned, or not even at all. You then must focus on what the passage actually says: ‘’At the simplest level, there will not be enough oil. At the moment, oil supplies and refinery capacity can only just meet world demand from 795m vehicles.’’ – this part of the passage essentially gives you the answer you need – the lack of oil.

LNAT Practice Question 2

What is the main cause of the problem posed by cars today?

A. The car fleets of Brazil, Indonesia, South Africa, and Nigeria.

B. The level of car ownership in the US.

C. 20% growth in the car industry in India.

D. The level of car ownership in EU countries.

E. Four million new cars in China.

The correct answer is B.

You can first identify the problems posed by cars today as they appear in the passage and then decide which one is the ‘main’ one, as asked by the question. The text does mention developing countries first, but then it goes on to say how the issue is bigger in the West (Europe and the US). If you pay attention, you notice that the passage states how Europe has slightly lower rates than the US, which gives you the answer you are looking for.

LNAT Practice Question 3

Which of the following, according to the passage, is a fact?

A. Last year the Chinese bought four million new cars.

B. Within 25 years there will be more cars in China than the US.

C. The EU countries will not meet their Kyoto target.

D. China, India and other developing countries will never be able to achieve the vehicle ownership levels of the US.

E. 3.5bn motor vehicles would increase world oil consumption by about 70%.

The correct answer is E.

To answer this question, you need to make the distinction between fact, opinion, assertion, or mere speculation. Therefore, you need to go back to the passage and check if the answer option is in fact someone’s opinion. For instance, A cannot be a fact because of the word ‘reportedly’, option B can be crossed out as it is clearly the opinion of ‘’commentators’’, C because of ‘unlikely’. Option D is in contradiction with the part ‘’Transport in developing countries, however, could exceed those in the industrialised world within five years.’’ and there is no other evidence to suggest that it might be a fact.

There’s a lot more to learn, so let Exams.Ninja teach you everything you need!

You’ll have access to over 20 fully comprehensive tutorials teaching you every technique you could possibly need for the LNAT. Plus, you can practice your skills with hundreds of practice questions and a realistic exam simulator!  Access practice questions and mock exams today by creating a free account!

LNAT SECTION B

Section B is very different from what we’ve looked at, you could even consider it to be the exact opposite! You’ll be in the writers seat for this section, so let’s take a look at what you need to know to write a successful LNAT Essay!

Section B requires you to write an essay within 40 minutes . Depending on where your skills lie, that may sound super easy ro super difficult! However, while the task is designed to be challenging, it’s also test that shouldn’t be a problem for anyone who has the necessary skills to earn a place in law school. 

The 40 minute deadline is quite tight, but you’re not being expected to write 50 page comprehensive report either! The word limit for your essay is 750 words , although an essay around the 600-700 words mark will be perfectly acceptable for the LNAT.

You will be given a choice of three essay prompts , which could be a lot of different things . You may be asked to answer a specific question about a topic. You may be given a statement and asked if you agree with it or not. Or you may just be given a piece of information and told to “Discuss” . This amount of variety also spreads to the question topics which, just like Section A, could be about hundreds of topics!

There’s no “best” option to choose here. All prompts are marked as equals and the section will not affect your LNAT score as it will be separately assessed by the universities you applied to. So in the end, the choice comes down to which prompt you believe you could write the best essay about.

Which Essay Prompt Should I Choose?

Before we answer this question, let’s take a look at some previous essay prompts featured in the LNAT:

• How should judges be appointed?
• Make the best case you can for public funding of the arts.
• Does it matter if some animal and plant species die out?
• In a Western society arranged marriages should no longer be tolerated. Discuss.
• ‘It is right that students should contribute to the cost of their degrees.’ Do you agree?
• The internet and instant communication technologies are profoundly changing our world for the better. Do you agree?
• What is your response to the view that the purpose of education is to prepare young people for the world of work?
• What disciplinary sanctions should teachers be allowed to use?
• ‘We must be prepared to sacrifice traditional liberties to defeat terrorism.’ Discuss.
• Should the law require people to vote in general elections?
• Should private cars be rationed? If so, how?
• What is ‘political correctness’ and why does it matter?

In the exam, you should always choose a prompt that you are comfortable with , one which allows you to build an argument around it and gives examiners the chance to see that you are able to take a stance on a topic. Choosing a something that you know nothing about won’t let you fully explore what you’re writing about, leading to an underwhelming essay .  

However, it’s also not always be as simple as picking the topic you know the most about . The best way to approach the LNAT essay is to pick the prompt that interests you the most . It’s more than likely this topic will also be one you know a lot about, but having that interest will create a genuine drive to create the best quality essay you can. 

With that being said, you must also ensure you actually understand what the prompt is asking from you in order to deliver an essay that actually answers the question . For example, an essay discussing the tolerance of arranged marriages in western society isn’t going to benefit from an in-depth analysis of the process behind arranged marriages (at least not in an LNAT essay). Remember, you’ve only got 750 words , so you’re writing needs to satisfy what the prompt is asking .

You can see that some of these prompt have two different questions or discussion points included in them. For example, “Should private cars be rationed? If so, how?” 

If you’ve chosen to take on a prompt like this, it’s important not to forget about either part the question . Ideally, each question would have an equal amount of space dedicated to them , but sometimes that may not be possible or necessary. 

At the end of the day, as long as you’ve responded to both parts of the prompt , your essay will have answered the question properly.

How to Approach LNAT Section B

Approaching this essay will likely be much different from essays you’ve written in the past. This will all be because of the limitations in place. 

Firstly is the 40 minute time-limit. 40 minutes to write a full, high-quality essay is tough, but it’s definitely manageable.

Secondly is the word count limit . 750 words is not a lot to create a truly comprehensive argument, but that’s not what the LNAT is asking of you . The point of this essay to demonstrate your verbal reasoning and cognitive skills more so than your ability to create a definitive answer to the question. Therefore, your essay needs to be smaller in scale , focusing on one or two points that are explored and discussed effectively . 

The biggest sacrifice in an LNAT essay is your chance for extensive planning . Of course, you absolutely should not go head first into the essay without even a basic structure. Doing this will guarantee that your essay is messy an incohesive.  

It is recommended that you spend up to 5 minutes of you time on the planning phase. During this time, you will be able to do the following:

• Briefly note all the different potential views and factors of the topic
• Choose the best point/s to base your essay on.
• Create a paragraph-by-paragraph structure

Once you have a clear idea about what you want to write about and how you will construct your argument, it will be much easier for you to write the essay . You’ll be able to get straight into writing as you won’t need to be thinking too much about your topic or structure . Also, you will have cut all the fat out of the essay before you even began writing, so completing your essay within the allocated word count will be much easier. 

How To Plan & Write LNAT Section B Essay

Essay Prompt: DNA testing should be made compulsory. Discuss.

Introduction

Decide which stance you want to take (in favour/against compulsory DNA testing) and signpost your view on the matter.

Set the background (use the information you already know, do not try to make up facts!)

Points you could include:

• Compulsory DNA registration is a controversial topic;
• the creation of a DNA database raises concerns: this information could be used in ways that threaten people’s individual privacy and rights
• In my opinion, DNA registration would not play such a significant role in making justice, so the disadvantages posed by implementing this measure would outnumber the advantages.

Opposing argument : As a Law student, it is important to see both sides of an argument, so your essay should ideally include arguments that support the opposing view. You can include this either at the very beginning and then dismiss them in the rest of your essay, or before the conclusion.

• Compulsory DNA testing is a major advance in policing and is effective in tracing people who are suspected of committing a crime
• This method can facilitate the procedure and diminishing the probability to wrongly imprison individuals
• However, in my view, the system is not foolproof and this could result in miscarriages of justice. Relying solely on DNA samples does not guarantee the reaching of a just verdict.

Your argument: You should aim to build a cogent argument and make use of facts, statistics, examples. In the actual exam you might not know precise numbers, so relying on general principles, examples, or approximating statistics can help you make your case.

• Collecting DNA samples from every individual and storing them indefinitely amounts to an interference within the meaning of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
• Creating a database means including confidential information not only about people convicted of serious crimes who might pose a threat to society, but also about those who have never done something illegal or immoral.
• This would fail to respect human dignity and would treat people as potential offenders, thus leading to a loss of trust among citizens. Therefore, this significant shift in expanding the database from convicted murderers or rapists to persons who have merely been arrested blurs the line between guilty and not guilty, hence undermining the presumption of innocence.
• Moreover, DNA databases also shift the burden of proof because people with records on them may be required to prove their innocence if a match occurs between their DNA profile and a crime scene DNA profile at some point in the future.

Second argument: If you have more examples of principles clashing (national security vs. individual privacy for instance) make sure to include those as well in another paragraph.

• anyone who can access an individual’s forensic DNA profile can use it to track the individual and their relatives
• A DNA database could be easily misused by Governments or anyone who can infiltrate in the system
• We know from history how paper-based databases of individuals’ records have been a powerful force in facilitating oppressive regimes and genocide, from the Nazis and the Stasi to Rwanda (another example which you can draw on from general knowledge)
• Thus, DNA databases significantly shift the balance of power from the individual to the state (always state your conclusion to answer the question asked)

Make sure you have enough time to write a conclusion! It is very important to respect the structure of the essay.

• To conclude, DNA is undoubtedly a valuable tool in criminal investigations and has helped to catch the perpetrators of some very serious crimes, including rapes and murders.
• However, in addition the problems raised by the introduction of such a measure are of grave nature and so render the apparent advantages unpersuasive
• Problems raised: concerns about privacy and rights, difficulties in collecting relevant and useful crime scene DNA, the costs and practical difficulties associated with collecting and keeping reliable computer records of DNA profiles.

LNAT Section B Tips

Once again, pre-reading is essential here: the more you read, the better you will do in the exam!

Plan & write as many essays as you can, on a variety of topics to get comfortable writing about diverse topics. All the newspaper’s you’ve accumulated through your Section A practice will come in handy for inspiration . 

Time Yourself

Once you’ve gotten a few practice essays done, it will be time to practice under strict exam conditions. This is to make sure you will be able to plan & type your essay in 40 minutes . It is probably best to try and do this at least a couple of times before the exam .

Spell and Grammar Check

Re-read the answer to check if you have accidentally misspelt or omitted any words . One small error isn’t likely to affect your essay’s quality, but multiple small mistakes build up in the end, so it’s best to take the time to check while you can.

This should give you a good start to your LNAT Section B preparation! However, there’s even more to learn about how you can tackle you LNAT essay. So for even more info , tips and example essays , check out our Definitive Guide to Section B of the LNAT!

And there you have it – a definitive guide to preparing for and doing well in the LNAT exam! We hope this has helped you understand the exam.

Here are a few closing tips from us:

• Prepare as much as you can! We recommend you plan out your preparation at least six months in advance. Check out our Preparation Timeline  for some inspiration!
• Practice tests within the exam time limit.
• Always make sure you understand the reasoning behind an answer-choice in Section A!
• Ask for help from peers, mentors or family if you're stuck or have any questions.

LNAT Deductive Reasoning: Deducing Arguments in the LNAT

Lnat preparation: your 6-month lnat preparation timeline, lnat section a: your guide to assumptions in questions, lnat section b: your guide to the second section of the lnat, lnat section a: your guide to the first section of the lnat, lnat results 2023 – the definitive guide to your lnat score.

Do you need extra support with your LNAT preparation? Exams.Ninja provides you with all the help you’ll need!

The Exams.Ninja LNAT Preparation Platform is an easy and fun way to combine all of your LNAT prep together in one place. You’ll get unlimited access to:  

Training Temple – check out fantastic tips and revision notes , along with a selection of tutorials created by experts!

Practice Dojo – Test your LNAT skills with over 350 practice questions from Section A and Section B of the test. Each answer comes with a fully worked solution to guide you when you don’t understand.

Exams Arena – Take a realistic mock exam with our LNAT past papers . You’ll get an estimated result every time to help you track your progress for the real thing! Best of all, you can retry them as many times as you like !

Sign up today to try the LNAT Preparation Platform for free!

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Preparation guide

Your free online guide to preparing for the LNAT Test

You can now download a free guide to preparing for the LNAT test.

The guide will:

• explain what the LNAT is used for and the benefits of taking the test
• help you to prepare for sitting it by explaining which skills and abilities you should try to demonstrate
• give you advice from LNAT examiners and students on how to approach LNAT’s multiple choice and essay questions
• give you sample questions along with answers and rationales from LNAT examiners, practical preparation tips and recommended reading

To download the guide click the download link below.  You will need adobe pdf reader.

Your guide to Preparing for the LNAT

Essay Questions

Lnat questions – essay advice.

This page has free essay questions and advice for LNAT essays.

LNAT essays should be 500 words minimum to 700 words maximum.

This equals 2 to two and a half pages on the computer screen.

You will get 40 minutes to write your LNAT essay.

Essay Questions for the LNAT – Scoring

Your LNAT essay response will not be marked as such.

So, you won’t receive a score for your essay.

Different universities use the LNAT essay for different admissions purposes.

Essay Questions for the LNAT – Free Samples

LNAT essay questions will be in the form of either a question or a statement.

Here are some LNAT essay questions for you to practise:

Should public transport be compulsory in certain areas?

Being fair to the community is more important than being just to the individual. Discuss.

Make the best argument you can for full government funding of undergraduate education.

“Everyone would benefit from doing a stint of manual labour.” Do you agree?

Animal rights should be sacrificed when human life might be at stake. Discuss.

Should the government do more to encourage people into the teaching profession?

LNAT Practice Tests and Essay Writing Guide

UCL Faculty of Laws

LNAT Advice and Guidance

Find out more about the LNAT and how to prepare for the test

Book your LNAT test here.

Don't forget - All applicants to UCL Laws Undergraduate Programmes must take the LNAT  alongside their UCAS application.

All applicants to undergraduate degree programmes at UCL Laws must take the LNAT alongside the UCAS application. You must take the test  no later than  31 December 2023 (some universities have earlier deadlines).

Please note that applicants who register for the LNAT just before the registration deadline may experience difficulties obtaining an available test slot by 31 December 2023 due to high demand. We recommend registering and booking the test as early as possible to avoid this problem.

If you do not take the LNAT by the 31 December 2023 deadline, your application will be regarded as a late application, and therefore we will not be able to consider you for a place on one of our LLB degree programmes in the relevant admissions cycle, even if your original application was submitted by the UCAS deadline of 31 January 2024.

Test Centres

You can register to take the LNAT at a test centre near you: the LNAT has 500 test centres in 165 countries around the world.

If you are unable to take the LNAT because there are no test centres in your home country, or your local test centres are closed due to an enforced lockdown relating to COVID-19, please contact [email protected] before 31 December 2023 and include your UCAS ID number so we can make appropriate checks. We will be able to provide an alternative test if you are unable to book a test at an official test centre.

LNAT bursaries

LNAT have a bursary system under which they waive the test fee altogether for those in receipt of certain state benefits in their country of residence. This applies to UK and EU applicants only, sitting at UK and EU test centres only.

For more information please visit the LNAT bursaries website .

Reasonable adjustments

If you require special arrangements for the LNAT please follow the instructions on the LNAT website well in advance of the deadline. If you are struggling to get a test arranged, please get in touch with us ahead of the LNAT deadline.

Extenuating circumstances

Before the test If you feel unwell (mental or physical) before your test, we suggest that you reschedule your test rather than sitting your LNAT examination. If you decide to take the test when you are unwell, we will have no way of knowing how you would have done if you had not been unwell and will therefore not be able to take into consideration your circumstances.

To confirm, if you attend the exam you are declaring you are fit to do so and the mark you achieve will stand. You will not be permitted to receive any additional consideration from UCL Laws relating to that assessment unless you fall into the category below.

During the test If there is an incident while you are sitting the test (e.g. a fire alarm or you suddenly fall ill), the test centre will do what it can to minimise the disruption (and to let you finish your test if you are well). The incident will be logged and you will be given an incident number by the test centre staff. Once you have your incident number you need to contact the LNAT Consortium at once so that the incident can be investigated and, where appropriate, a resit test offered (please request a resit if your test was negatively affected).

If you were unable to continue with your test due to a sudden illness, you will need to request an approved resit from LNAT. We will then disregard your first attempt and use your resit score, even if your original score is higher than your resit.

More information on test day problems can be found on the LNAT website .

About the LNAT

The LNAT measures the reasoning skills at the heart of legal education, including:

• comprehension
• interpretation

The LNAT is a two-part test. The first part includes multiple-choice questions based on passages of text, and the second part requires you to answer one of three essay questions. The LNAT is a computer-based test and lasts for two hours and 15 minutes.

When you have completed the test, your scores from the multiple-choice section are checked by computer, and a mark out of 42 is created. This mark is known as the LNAT score. Your LNAT score and your essay will be sent to participating universities, including UCL. Your results from the LNAT are then used to supplement your university application and demonstrate your aptitude for studying undergraduate law.

You are advised to familiarise yourself with the style and the format of the test before you take it. The LNAT website provides lots of resources and information to help you prepare for the test and what to expect.

• Find out more about how to register and book a test on the LNAT website .

LNAT Guidance from UCL Laws 

Our top tips for preparing for the LNAT

1)  The test is designed to provide an assessment of a candidate’s potential for studying law. You should read the information available on the LNAT website , including the ‘ Guide to Preparing for the LNAT ’.

2) Practise, practise, practise.

• The best way to improve at anything is to practise, and the LNAT is no different. You are only allowed one attempt at the LNAT, so the more practise you do now the better prepared you will be. Start with small steps now.

3) The LNAT must be completed at a test centre, and this will be an unfamiliar place, using unfamiliar software. One of the best things you can do to familiarise yourself beforehand in order that you’re able to perform as your best without being unsettled by the environment is to use the official LNAT test simulator . This will familiarise you with the real LNAT as it will appear on screen during your LNAT test. You’ll be able to practise navigating the screens, ensuring you:

1) Don’t make any mistakes in navigation (such as ending the test too early!),

2) That you’re comfortable using the navigation so that you don’t need to spend time and your precious mental energy figuring it out on the day, and

3) Feel familiar with the environment and are therefore able to relax, as it’s something you’ve seen before.

That way you will be able to perform well in the test itself.

• As well as practising to learn about the test structure itself, you can also benefit from practising the individual components of the test, namely the multiple choice question section (95 minutes) and the essay component (40 minutes).
• The multiple choice section is divided into 12 sub sections; each sub section has between 3 and 4 questions giving 42 questions in total. Each question has only one correct answer.
• Improve your ability to read and comprehend complicated passages of text, at test speed..
• Get an understanding of how much time you need to allocate to answer the questions within the time limit.
• Be able to pace yourself and your reading time appropriately so that you don’t run out of time at the end.
• It’s better to have time to consider and answer all of the questions, than taking too long at the start and not having the time to properly consider the later questions.
• Don’t forget that if you are really struggling on a question, that it is OK to leave it and return at the end if you have time. Don’t let getting stuck on one question deflect your concentration from answering the others or dent your confidence. You are not expected to get full marks in this test.
• Don’t overanalyse the questions – they are not there to trick you. Do think carefully about every word in the question. What are you being asked? The answer is in the text.  

4) The LNAT essay provides a choice of three essay questions, you must select and answer one.

• The LNAT as a whole is designed to assess your verbal reasoning skills. Skills which are essential to the successful study of law.
• Verbal reasoning skills include comprehension, interpretation, analysis, synthesis, and deduction.
• The LNAT questions are based on short passages of text that you are given during the test.
• There is no subject-specific revision you can do for the LNAT questions. However, the passages of text will fall into these seven general categories: law, philosophy, politics, media, science, ethics, and education.In fact, relying too much on your own prior knowledge can be a false friend in this kind of assessment. Do not rely on what you know from other sources in answering the multiple-choice questions. The questions are always only about the passage itself. If there is something in the passage you disagree with or know to be incorrect, that does not matter, treat the passage as true for the purposes of the test.
• Once again, there is no prior knowledge of these areas that is required to be able to do well in the test, but a general awareness of current affairs is recommended, both by UCL and by the LNAT itself.

LNAT Essay Guidance

• Comprehensiveness and accuracy;
• Clarity of argument and expression;
• Integration of a range of arguments;
• Insight into the theoretical issues.
• ‘Read ahead – The more you know about current affairs, the greater the chance you will have of getting essay questions you understand and have some prior knowledge and familiarity with.
• Read a broadsheet newspaper. The advice provided on the LNAT website is worth repeating:

As you read -

• Think about the issues being raised;
• What assumptions are being made?
• What information is being relied on to draw which conclusion?
• How would you frame a counterargument?

Reading a quality daily newspaper will help you to be aware of the world around you. The LNAT essay topics will not be specifically about current affairs, and you will not be judged by what facts you know. But knowing how the world ticks, in general terms, will help you to write intelligently about a host of different topics.

• We have listed some newspapers below worth considering. You can read the online versions (usually freely available, although registration may be required). If you do read the online versions, remember to read the comment pieces as well as the news. (One question you might ask yourself: What exactly is the difference between news and comment? Is the contrast really apparent in practice?)
• The Economist
• The Financial Times
• The Guardian
• The Independent
• The Irish Times
• The New York Times
• The Scotsman
• The Sydney Morning Herald
• The Daily Telegraph
• The Washington Post

Pick the right question – Identify which question you have lots of knowledge about, not necessarily the one that you feel most strongly about. You will need to argue different points of view so make sure you have enough information to make a balanced discussion. Make sure you fully understand the question; if you don’t, pick another question.

• Plan the structure of your essay – You will only have 40 minutes, so before you start writing, think about what points you want to make and how you will create a concise, balanced argument on your chosen topic. Make sure the structure of your essay is logical and progresses in a structured way.
• Plan your time – A common mistake is for students to spend too much time on writing their introduction or making a single point. Allocate time to planning the essay structure, writing the introduction, middle, conclusion and to checking your work.
• Make your essay stand out – Consider what supporting evidence your argument has and how it can be used to best effect. Try not to be obvious and give ‘middle of the road’ bland answers. Instead, try to ‘think outside the box’ and demonstrate creativity in your arguments. Could the question itself be flawed?
• Evaluate any flaws or potential implications in the points you make. Don’t just give opinions – Without having an in-depth knowledge of a subject, it is easy to fall into the trap of using opinion to argue, rather than giving evidence. The essay is not looking for your assertions, but how you can build a case using the evidence you have available.’
• Practise writing essays under timed conditions on a computer, prior to sitting the test. Ask your teachers to set questions for you!

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LAW NATIONAL ADMISSIONS TEST (LNAT)

100s of realistic sample test questions, fully worked answers & explanations, for the National Admissions Test for Law.

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Discover insider secrets and a masterclass of testing practice material that has helped 100s of candidates pass their LNAT.

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WHAT IS THE LAW NATIONAL ADMISSIONS TEST?

The Law National Admissions Test, more commonly known as the LNAT, is a test used by universities to filter through potential candidates prior to accepting their admission. The LNAT is also often referred to as the National Admissions Test for Law.

The LNAT ultimately aids universities (who use this form of assessment as part of their selection process), to generate equitable and fairer choices amongst the many applicants who are highly-qualified, and wish to study within legal education.

It is not a test that you can simply sit down and revise for. It is a test that requires a mature understanding of social, technological, economical and cultural differences. Specific abilities and aptitudes need to be assessed in relation to the set skills and requirements essential to pursue an academic course in law. Fundamentally, it is a test of aptitude rather than of knowledge.

THE PURPOSE OF THE LNAT

Foremost, the LNAT was designed so that universities are able to assess candidates prior to giving them acceptance on to the course. Candidates need to be able to show strong levels of a particular set of skills; skills required for law students which will hopefully go on to become a successful lawyer.

THE LNAT DOES

• Test candidate’s ability in regards to verbal reasoning;
• Assess candidate’s ability in deductive and inductive reasoning skills;
• Evauluate candidate’s bility in regards to understanding, interpreting, and analysing large amounts of information;
• Test candidate’s ability to distinguish between inferences, generalisations, opinions and conclusions. 

THE LNAT DOES not

• Assess candidate’s intelligence regarding the law;
• Rely on candidate’s knowledge and understanding obtained from previous education;
• Expect candidates to have prior knowledge to the topics used in the assessment;
• Guarantee a candidate’s place at their chosen university. 

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• Demonstrate the ability to differentiate between inferences, abstractions, assumptions and generalisations by applying logical and critical analysis;
• Demonstrate high levels of critical thinking and logical understanding;
• Demonstrate high levels of reasoning and interpretation;
• Evaluate arguments and the position in which the author upholds;
• Focus on sufficient evidence to generate adequate support and justification;
• Analyse information to draw conclusions.
• Demonstrate writing ability in the style of an essay-based question, which will require critical analysis, persuasive writing and detailed points of view.

LAW NATIONAL ADMISSIONS TEST – FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

In order to complete an LNAT test, you will not be able to revise for the test as such. Instead, you will need to be able to demonstrate a particular set of skills and particular mind-set that is required to score highly on the test.

Predominantly, the LNAT combines strategic measurements and analytical approaches to assess your ability to understand and interpret information regarding current affairs. You will need to be able to illustrate your ability to interact with the following areas;

• Economical;
• Technological;
• Historical events.

The LNAT is used by certain universities to ensure that the students that they accept on to the course are ‘able’ students who show strong levels of progression. The test ultimately provides an in-depth evaluation of candidates and hopes to determine the strong candidates from those considered incapable of handling the demanding nature in which a law course entails. The LNAT measures a particular set of skills including:

• Analytical Ability;
• Reading Skills;
• Interpretations;
• Comprehensive Understandings;
• Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Skills;
• Verbal Skills;
• Strategic Approaches.

The LNAT will last for 2 hours and 15 minutes, during which you will have two sections to complete. The first section will comprise of 42 multiple-choice questions, based on 12 comprehensive passages. For each passage, it will contain 3 to 4 questions. For this part of the assessment, you will be given 1 hour and 35 minutes to complete all 42 questions.

The second part of the LNAT is in the style of an essay-based question. You will be given a choice of 3 questions, of which you must answer one. The essay will need to be typed and submitted in an electronic format. You will have 40 minutes in which to complete the essay.

You will be required to sit the LNAT, if the chosen university you have applied for is part of the LNAT Consortium. In other words, anyone who wishes to study an undergraduate law degree will need to take the assessment if the university that they are applying for, uses the test as part of their selection process.

The LNAT is a requirement for the following universities within the UK, EU and overseas:

UK UNIVERSITIES:

University of Birmingham

University of Bristol

Durham University

University of Glasgow

King’s College London

The University of Nottingham

University of Oxford

SOAS University of London

University College London (UCL)

NON-UK UNIVERSITIES:

National University of Ireland (NUI), Maynooth

IE University (Spain)

Subject: Acting Manager

Congratulations and thank you for taking on Andrew’s responsibilities as manager of the copywriting team while he’s away. We all appreciate that you have a lot on your plate with your own tasks, so we hope that the workload from managing the team won’t be too extreme.

As you know, Andrew likes to meet with each of his team members for a ten-to-fifteen minute catch-up once every two weeks. Andrew informed me on Friday that his last catch-up with the team was two weeks ago. Therefore, it would be great if you could get in touch with the rest of the team and find a time to meet with each of them. You’re probably well aware of what’s going on between everyone on the team, so hopefully a catch-up will be straight-forward. Please organise these for the end of the day.

In addition, I’d like you to take a look at some possible clients with projects that the team will be working on. I’ll send a brief report with each of the clients’ projects sometime later today, but if you could also decide on which (if any) of the clients to work with by the end of the day would also be excellent.

If you have any queries, or have any questions about your new role, don’t be afraid to get in touch.

Linda Peterson,

Managing Director

Choose the  most effective  and  least effective  course of action:

In order to take the LNAT, you will be required to register online and fill in your application. Below, is a step-by-step guide illustrating the process of registering for the LNAT:

• Set up your online account:  you will need to register an account via the following web address: www.lnat.ac.uk. You will need your UCAS identification number in order to register, however if you are registering before you are given your UCAS number, you will be able to continue with a ‘fake’ registration number which will need to be changed and updated as soon as your UCAS number arrives.
• Book your test:  after you have registered an account, you will need to log on to your profile with the username and password that you provided when registering. You will then need to select the booking button, and proceed to make your confirmation. You will need to choose the LNAT venue that you wish to sit the day, and choose the date that you wish to attend the assessment.
• Making your payment:  test fees are required to sit the LNAT. The cost for candidates to take the assessment is £50 for UK and EU testing centres, and £70 for a test centre outside of the EU. Details of the test centres can be found on the official LNAT website. You may be eligible for an LNAT Bursary if it is deemed that you are financially struggling. Be sure to check this out before submitting your application.
• Changing your booking:  you are able to change your booking date, by rescheduling or cancelling your reservation. Tests need to be rescheduled before noon, two working days before the actual assessment if you wish to receive your payment back. Any cancellations after this time, will not receive their booking payment back.

The LNAT requires a great deal of attention in regards to reading comprehension and critically analysing information. The best preparation for a test like this, is to simply practice sample papers, testing questions and improve the key skills and qualities being assessed. Becoming familiar will undoubtedly better your overall performance. Reading quality newspapers will allow you to think critically in regards to:

• Issues being addressed;
• The assumptions being made;
• Information that is relied upon in order to reach a conclusion;
• The position of the author;
• What the main argument is;
• Thinking of counter-arguments to challenge the argument.

Listed below are some of the newspapers that are worth reading:

SAMPLE LNAT QUESTIONS

To help you get a better understanding of what the LNAT involves, let’s take a quick look at a few sample questions.

FREE | 4 Questions Law National Admissions Test Practice Questions

You will be given a passage to read. You need to make sure to read the passage carefully in order to answer the questions that follow. A sample passage below is on the distorted views of the media:

The Distorted Views of the Media

The myriad landscape of the media infiltrates every inch of the social world, and can be accessed almost anywhere, by anyone. The media has changed considerably over the years, from information reported through newspapers and television, to a world that is transfixed with the realms of online access. It highlights the major growths in how the world communicates, and how these modes of communications have changed considerably over time.

How then, can we be sure to trust the channels which we are single-handedly presented, and offer only a single form of interpretation? What is the quality of the information that we are receiving? Does media focus on quantity more than assuring quality? Ultimately, it is not so much about where the information comes from, but the extent to which these mediums produce reliable and partial accounts of news.

Media have become somewhat slanted in recent years, and no matter what the medium, the information that they create and produce can be, and is often, challenged. Criticisms in regards to the fabrications of distortion, manipulation and interpretation, suggests how publishers and distributors are more concerned with maintaining and accumulating circulation figures, as opposed to being centred on truth, justice and value. The fabrication of beauty and body image is a major issue that is often portrayed within an array of media formats. It continues to stir debate regarding how such images carry inaccurate and biased accounts of the truth, particularly in regards to women.

You will then be given 3 or 4 questions regarding that passage. Note, the questions are in the style of interpretative, stylistic and argumentative questions. They are used to determine how well you can interpret information, make conclusions and assumptions, and understand the overall argument in which an author or authors, are trying to make.

So, after you read the passage, you will be given a multiple choice question like so:

Within the third paragraph, the writer assumes that…

A  – Newspapers are the foundation of distorted imagery.

B  – Publishers of newspapers are the people who decide what gets printed in their paper.

C  – Newspapers continue to adopt a writing style that is based on bias and controversy.

D  – Distorted imagery cannot be avoided.

E  – The media are responsible for the social issues in which girls face regarding body image.

You will then need to determine which of the answers best describes the author’s assumptions. Please note, that these questions are designed so that the answers are very similar. You need to pay careful attention to the use of words and language in the answers to determine how accurate the answer is.

The Threats of Social Networking

Social networking has unquestionably become a global phenomenon, which I believe is having a huge effect on our social world. Social networking sites such as Facebook, MySpace and Twitter have experienced exponential growth during the 21st century, and yet some users remain oblivious to how much their social networking profiles can shape, influence and affect their everyday lives.

Information that is posted on these sites is likely to come back and haunt a person in the future. Just think of a social networking site as a type of “global database”. You are posting information, facts about yourself, images etc, into your very own “database”; acting as a log of your personal behaviour for others to view. This is a great concern for many parents whereby they feel obliged to check how secure their child is whilst they’re online.

An example of the impact of social networking occurred in America, whereby students were faced with court charges for underage drinking, a situation that had it not been shared on their social networking profiles, would never have been known otherwise. The students in question were unaware of the impact of their behaviour of underage drinking and posting the evidence online.

Furthermore, employers often use these sites as a way of maintaining access to their employees outside of the working environment. Although this can be considered morally wrong, employers can track your profile in order to find controversial issues, sensitive matters or inappropriate misconduct.

Which of the following best describes the author’s tone in regards to his attitude about social networking sites?

A  – Strongly pessimistic

B  – Discouraged.

C  – Guarded.

D  – Upset.

E  – Highly optimistic.

During the essay section of the LNAT assessment, you will be given 3 questions in which you must choose one to write your essay on. These questions are usually based on current affairs, common debate topics, which allow you to voice your opinion and argue your reasoning using support, evidence and justifications.

Answer one of the following questions.

Your answer should be a reasoned and substantiated argument, which justifies your response to the question that you have chosen

You have 40 minutes in which to draft and write your answer to one essay question.

1.  “Euthanasia should be legal”. Discuss.

2.  Should the death penalty be allowed?

3.  “Violent games contribute to youth violence”. Argue.

You will then to plan and write your answer to one of the above questions. You should structure your essay like indicated below:

• INTRODUCTION . The introduction will be the first thing the reader will look at, and so it is important to make a clear and concise overview of what your essay is going to be about.

Your introduction should include the purpose of the essay, what your initial thoughts may be, what you hope to achieve/find, enumerate the points you wish to make, and define the overall importance of your argument and why it is relevant/significant.

• MAIN BODY.  During the main body of your essay, you should remember to keep in mind the questions mentioned previously in regards to what, why, how and what if.

You need to make points and back them up using examples and evidence in order to strengthen your overall argument. There is no point making a statement, if you have nothing to back up the reasoning for it. Your argument needs to be straight to the point, persuasive and significant to illustrate what you are trying to say.

Usually, 3-4 high quality points is enough to make a good argument. Do not waffle. Expand on a few points and provide analysis and detail, as opposed to briefly mentioning lots of points and not going into enough detail about each of them. Your essay needs to read coherently.

• CONCLUSION.  Your conclusion should summarise your whole argument. It is often said that a reader should be able to read an introduction and a conclusion, and still have a basic understanding of what your argument would be about.

Your conclusion should not introduce any new points, and should only sum up the points that you have written about previously.

The conclusion should be short, to the point and significant. If you can summarise your argument using three to four sentences, your reader will be impressed and know what you were trying to achieve.

Make sure that your conclusion refers back to the question you were given. Make sure that the question has been answered directly, and demonstrate where you stand on the subject matter.

Answer  one  of the following questions.

Your answer should be a reasoned and substantiated argument, which justifies your response to the question that you have chosen.

1.  What is equality? Does it really matter?

2.  Make the best case for Government funding the arts programmes.

3.  Why does ‘political correctness’ matter?

B = ‘Publishers of newspapers are the people who decide what gets printed in their paper’.

The writer concludes from the passage that publishers focus on the importance of increasing their newspaper circulation, rather than maintaining efforts in regards to producing truthful and unbiased content. In order for the writer to come to this conclusion, the writer needs to assume that the publishers of the newspapers are the people in which decide what gets printed.

C = ‘Guarded’.

The word that would best describe the tone of the author’s writing in relation to his attitude concerning social networking is “guarded”. The author offers very “guarded” responses in association with the importance of security for social networking sites. Answer options A and E are quite extreme, and the fact that the author is not overly extreme or assertive in his responses, suggests that these words cannot depict his overall tone of writing. Answer option D, ‘upset’, is not a word that best describes his attitudes; the author shows more of a concern then he does an upset, and therefore does not reflect his tone of voice. Answer option B, ‘discouraged’, does not reflect the overall tone of the author. This term is used to illustrate melancholy or somewhat disheartened, but the overall tone of the author does not come across as disheartened.

ANSWER TO ‘EUTHANASIA SHOULD BE LEGAL. DISCUSS.’

We have provided you with key areas that you could include in this argument:

Dignity . Within a civilized society, it is argued that an individual should be able to die in a dignified and peaceful way, instead of waiting out for a disease to kill them, or become so inflicted with pain, that it is too much to bare.

Bodies  are our own. It can also be argued that it is up to us with what we decide to do with our bodies. Our bodies are our own. We are allowed to make all kinds of decisions based on our body. For example, getting tattoos, piercings, having a baby, getting a transplant, getting plastic surgery etc, thus we too should be able to decide when our body has had enough and therefore can no longer prolong living.

Beliefs . Some people believe that suicide is not a crime. People commit suicide and no crime has been committed, and no one was in the wrong. Therefore, euthanasia should also not be a crime. The only difference between the two is that euthanasia usually requires the assistance of someone else. The assisted help from someone willing to let a person die ultimately fulfils a dying person’s wishes.

Changing attitudes.  According to a study conducted in 2007, 80% of the public said that they wanted the law to change regarding assisted suicide and helping those to end their life.

ANSWER TO ‘WHAT IS EQUALITY? DOES IT REALLY MATTER?’

Defining equality.  Equality is about ensuring that every individual within every society has an equal opportunity. Equal opportunities include the rights to work, female and male equal rights, reduce discriminations in relation to sex, gender, race, religion, disabilities etc. Equality is a way of maintaining a standardised message within culture that opportunities need to be distributed equally, and not seen to benefit someone of particular interest.

History of equality. . Within your essay, you could explain the history of equality, and how previous years have demonstrated a lack of equality amongst society, and how this has changed and evolved over time. Within contemporary society, we live in a world that is regulated and imposed with rules that prevent inequalities. However, you could argue that whilst regulations remain in place, inequality does still remain, and probably always will. Give an example of how people can challenge the current zeitgeist of society in relation to equality.

Significance.  This is the second part of the question that you need to answer in order to gain high marks. You need to discuss the importance of equality and how this is important to culture. Inclusion, equality and opportunities are a central principle to build community capacity. Society needs a healthy and stable workforce and create citizens who conform to the rules and regulations of society. What is the importance of equality in relation to democratic societies?

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Practice tests covering multiple-choice questions and essay questions. 

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After reading this book you will not only have the confidence and skills needed to pass the LNAT but also the belief that you will succeed in whatever career path you choose to follow once you have passed the exam.

This is without doubt one of the most comprehensive books available to prepare for the LNAT. Included: a mock test, exam material, prep for exams plus on the day of your exam advice, how to tackle the exams, includes sample multiple choice questions as well as the essay questions- this is invaluable – the focus is not just on how to write the perfect essay but also goes over the basic structure and how to tackle each separate part to make your argument concise, plus 2 essays to write and then talks you through each part of the essay from the basic argument to giving an opinion – there are tips and examples on how best to answer each part of the essay question. Half the battle of writing a great essay is understanding the question and answering it fully in a structured way- this guide covers all of this and more.

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FAQs about the LNAT

Read this page to find out the answers to some of the most commonly asked questions about the LNAT and see where you can find resources to aid your preparation.

• Find out which universities use the LNAT
• See how to register and book the exam
• Discover what the LNAT entails and how it is scored
• Learn about resit policies for the LNAT

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LNAT Universities

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Embarking on your journey through law school involves several significant steps, one of which is successfully navigating the Law National Aptitude Test (LNAT). Below, we’ve compiled a list of frequently asked questions to help guide you through the process for the 2023-2024 cycle. This page was updated in October 2023, and the information contained refers to the 2023/2024 LNAT testing cycle.

When To Take The LNAT

When should i take the lnat in 2023.

It’s important to schedule your test for a date within the official LNAT cycle, which is between 1 September 2023 and 31 July 2024.

Does it matter if I take the LNAT 2023 before or after submitting my UCAS application?

No, the timing of your LNAT relative to your UCAS application submission doesn’t affect your eligibility. The crucial factor is that you take the LNAT within the same application cycle. Please remember, you won’t receive your LNAT results until after your university application is submitted.

Will my LNAT score from last year be valid for this year’s application?

Unfortunately, no. LNAT scores are not carried over from one year to the next. If you are reapplying through UCAS, you need to retake the LNAT in the same year as your new application.

What if I miss the deadline for the LNAT exam?

Missing the deadline to sit the LNAT will unfortunately result in your application being rejected. You would need to wait to apply for the next academic cycle and ensure that you take the LNAT within the appropriate timeframe.

I’m planning to travel or work overseas during the LNAT period. What should I do?

No need to worry! The LNAT is accessible globally, with over 500 test centres around the world. You can take the exam in any of these centres, even if you are abroad. Just ensure you book your test within the specified dates.

When does the registration for the LNAT begin?

For the 2023-2024 cycle, both UCAS and LNAT registrations open on 1 August 2023. Early registration is advised to secure your preferred test date.

Are there specific deadlines for Oxbridge, KCL, LSE, UCL, or other universities?

Yes, various universities have specific deadlines. For instance, Oxbridge candidates must sit the LNAT by 16 October 2023. Candidates for KCL, LSE, and UCL have until 31 December 2023. Other universities have different deadlines, often in early to late January 2024. Always check with your chosen university to avoid missing out.

Can I apply late for the LNAT?

International applicants may have a provision for late application, but it’s subject to specific university policies. The general late application deadline requires booking the LNAT by 25 July 2024 and sitting it by 31 July 2024. However, it’s crucial to verify with your chosen universities.

Important Tips:

• Be strategic in your application and aim to adhere to the January deadlines.
• Ensure synchronisation between your LNAT profile and UCAS application.
• Prepare for test fee payment methods in advance.
• You are allowed only one LNAT attempt per cycle.
• LNAT scores are not reusable in subsequent academic years.

Why do universities require the LNAT for law programs?

The LNAT helps universities differentiate between candidates with similar academic qualifications, assessing their suitability and preparedness for the rigorous legal studies ahead. It’s an additional measure to grade-based evaluations, designed to test a candidate’s analytical abilities and aptitude in law.

Does taking the LNAT mean I have automatically applied to the universities of my choice?

No, the LNAT is a separate process. Candidates need to apply for their chosen law programs in the usual manner through the universities’ application processes. Taking the LNAT is an additional step required by certain universities to assess your capabilities further.

Which UK universities currently require the LNAT for law courses?

There are 11 LNAT universities; 9 are based in the UK and two are overseas. 8 of the 9 UK-based LNAT universities are Russell Group Unis (SOAS is the exception), and 4 of them (King’s, LSE, SOAS and UCL) are in London.

• UK LNAT Universities:
• University of Bristol
• University of Cambridge
• Durham University
• University of Glasgow
• King’s College, London (KCL)
• London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
• University of Oxford
• University College London (UCL)
• SOAS University of London

Note that the University of Nottingham appears to have dropped their LNAT requirement for the 2024 academic year entry.

Are there any international universities that accept or require the LNAT?

Yes, the Singapore University of Social Sciences (SUSS) and IE University in Spain also use the LNAT in their admissions process. It’s important to check directly with these universities to understand the specific conditions under which they require or accept the LNAT.

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LNAT Registration 

How do i register for the lnat.

The LNAT testing system is operated by Pearson VUE. You will need to complete a two-step registration process using the Pearson VUE online registration system. You will need to:

• Set up an online account and register your contact information 
• Book and pay for your test – once you have completed your registration and created a profile. You will then be sent an email notifying you to book and pay for your test.

When Should I Register For The LNAT?

As soon as you can. Each university requiring the test specifies a deadline for sitting the test. If you miss the deadlines, your university application is likely to be rejected. You can register up to 12 noon, two days prior to taking your test. For 2023/24 UCAS applications, the LNAT registration will begin on 1 August 2023.

Are There Any Exceptions To Online Registration?

No. You will need to register for your test online and obtain an identification number. If you have special Examination Access Requirements, do not book the test online – only standard tests can be booked this way.  If you book an online test before specific exam access arrangements are made, the test will have to be cancelled and a test incorporating your special requirements will need to be booked instead. You should note that cancelling and rebooking conditions will apply.

LNAT Booking

When can i book my lnat.

As soon as you have registered your LNAT account on the Pearson VUE website, you can immediately book and pay for your LNAT exam. You should book as early as possible to avoid missing any deadlines.

Can I Reschedule My LNAT?

 Candidates can reschedule their LNAT free of charge until 12 noon (UK time) two working days before their test, excluding English Bank Holidays. Failure to reschedule within this period will necessitate a new booking and payment, as fees are non-refundable if you choose not to sit the test or miss the rescheduling deadline. This policy applies even if you’ve used a voucher or bursary for payment.

How Much Is The LNAT?

As of 2023, the LNAT costs £75 to take it in the UK or an EU country. Outside the UK or EU, the fee is £120.

I Can’t Afford The Fee, Is There An LNAT Bursary?

Yes, there is a bursary available if you can’t afford the exam fee. LNAT does not want the cost to be a barrier to taking the exam. Your test fee will be waived if you are a UK or EU student receiving certain state benefits. However, you must apply for a bursary before booking your exam. 

It can take up to a week to process an LNAT bursary application, so allow extra time when making your test booking.

The LNAT Exam

How should i prepare for the test.

Preparing for the test doesn’t involve memorising facts. Instead, it’s advisable to utilise relevant preparation materials to engage and train the relevant cognitive processes and become acquainted with the test’s structure. Follow our guide on how to prepare for the LNAT.

How Hard Is The LNAT?

The test is challenging, as it’s used by some of the world’s best universities for students trying to get into their top law schools. It features 42 multiple-choice questions and three essay questions – of which you must answer one.

How long is the LNAT?

The LNAT is a 2¼ hour test in two sections. Section A consists of 42 multiple choice questions. The questions are based on 12 argumentative passages, with 3 or 4 multiple choice questions on each. You are given 95 minutes to answer all of the questions.

For Section B, you have 40 minutes to answer one of three essay questions on a range of subjects.

What Are The LNAT Multiple-Choice Questions?

Section A of the LNAT is computer-based, comprising 12 argumentative passages, each followed by three or four multiple-choice questions. These questions, spanning various topics from politics to technology, assess your comprehension and analytical skills, not your knowledge of the subjects discussed.

What Is The LNAT Essay?

The essay question or Section B gives you three options to choose from and the questions will cover a variety of general topics that are usually relevant to current issues. Types of essay questions could include:

• To what extent should freedom of speech be absolute? Consider the implications of where the law should draw the line.
• With reference to a recent environmental crisis, discuss whether international law is equipped to tackle global environmental challenges

LNAT Scoring

How is the lnat scored.

The multiple-choice section counts toward your final test score, but the essay question does not. It is provided to the universities to which you have applied, along with your score.

What Is The LNAT Pass Score?

The test is scored out of 42. There is no pass or fail mark, but there are average scores that candidates typically achieve to successfully receive an offer from LNAT universities. For example, a good LNAT score for University of Oxford (which saw candidates secure a place) was 28.5 in 2023. 

When are LNAT results released?

LNAT results day 2023 is the same as each year. LNAT results day is twice annually: candidates who tested by 26 January receive results in mid-February, and those tested after, in mid-August

When are LNAT scores released to universities?

From 21 October, universities start receiving LNAT scores from tests taken between 1 September and 20 October, and post that, scores are available to them within 24 hours of a candidate completing the test.

How long is my LNAT score valid for?

It is only valid for the year you took it, if you are reapplying through UCAS this year, you must also take the test again this year. Results are not carried over from one year to the next.

LNAT Resits

Can you retake the lnat.

No, you can only take the LNAT once per cycle (1 September to 31 July), with unauthorised re-sittings deemed invalid. If you want to try it again, you will have to wait until next year to reapply.

Can I get extra time for the LNAT?

Yes – register as normal online via Pearson Vue, but do not book your test online. You will need to complete an Examination Access Requirements form through the website and send it to them, along with documentary evidence.

Navigating the LNAT successfully is crucial for your law school journey. Stay ahead by understanding the key dates, including when LNAT results are released, and optimise your preparation in 2023.

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LNAT Sample Essays

• Updated on  
• Dec 3, 2022

LNAT or National Admission test for law is an aptitude test that is conducted across 89 universities in the UK before offering admissions into their law programmes . Due to an ever increasing competition, this test was developed by oxford university to solve the problems faced by institutes with respect to shortlisting candidates. LNAT is mandatory for both home as well as international students, applying for law courses in the UK . LNAT is a 130 minute long exam that consists of 2 sections; an MCQ type and an essay type. In this blog we bring you various practise questions that’ll help you ace your LNAT Sample essays.  

LNAT Sample Essays: Structure and Format

While writing the essay it is important to keep the following points in mind in order to write a well-structured essay.

• What – try to understand the motion that is put forward. Is the motion based on law, politics, economics or ethics? What exactly is being asked of you? While writing the essay you are required to display high levels of critical thinking which must be visible in your essay.
• Why – ask yourself why this question is being asked? What could be the purpose of such a statement? Provide evidence to suggest the accuracy or inaccuracy of the motion. Question why you are required to use certain terms, phrases or literary technique. Your analytical ability and persuasiveness will be put to test.
• How- how is this statement concluded and what are the practicalities of implementing it? What are the ways in which this can be challenged? How can it be enforced and monitored? You will be required to provide solid logical reasoning and demonstrate how your answer forms a conclusion.
• What if – another question you must ask yourself is about the alternatives you have provided in your essay. Are there any views to consider? What are the practical implications of the arguments you have put forth? Can those be challenges? If yes, how? Weigh in both the strengths and weaknesses of your argument.

Practise Questions 

Here are some of the best questions that can help you practise for LNAT essays: 

• What disciplinary sanctions should teachers be allowed to use?
• Make the best case you can for public funding of the arts.
• How should judges be appointed?
• ‘It is right that students should contribute to the cost of their degrees.’ Do you agree?
• Does it matter if some animal and plant species die out?
• What is ‘political correctness’ and why does it matter?
• Should the law require people to vote in general elections?
• We must be prepared to sacrifice traditional liberties to defeat terrorism.’
• Should private cars be rationed? If so, how?
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LNAT Sample Essay

Should the privacy of the accused be maintained in Criminal legal proceedings?

The criminal justice system is rooted on the principle that the suspect is innocent until proven guilty by the court of law. This principle is applicable whether the person is renowned in the public sphere, therefore making the case susceptible to prejudice or someone wholly anonymous. Therefore, I am of the opinion that wherever possible, the anonymity of the accused ought to be maintained. There are several reasons to believe so. Firstly and most importantly, the legal system ought to be free from biases and prejudices. Secondly, publishing the accused’s identity does not serve public interest. It would be a gross breach of an individual’s right to privacy when publishing the identity.

The nature of the legal process is a dialectic process; it is a rule of thumb that the prosecutor must prove the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt.  the defence ought to cast doubt on the case of the prosecution or prove the defendant’s innocence. This process necessitates the gathering of evidence, familiarity with the facts pertinent to the case and precedents set by the previous cases. If a defendant’s anonymity is compromised that could potentially colour the legal proceedings with public prejudice. This would be antithetical to the very nature of legal process. 

A public bias is as dangerous as any other bias and can impact the legal proceedings in negative ways. Therefore there is the possibility that the disclosure of the accused’s identity can impact the objectivity of the court. The accused only ought to be tried by the court and not by the media. 

To elaborate on the 2nd issue, the publishing of the accused identity can be extremely counterproductive and in general unhelpful to the public interest. Media trials can be extremely dehumanizing which apart from affecting the trial can additionally impact the accused life if found to be innocent.  

Most importantly, an individual’s right to privacy has been recognized as a fundamental right. A man acquitted 100 times is the same as a man once or never prosecuted at all, but seldom do the larger public view the situation from a legal perspective. The person may never escape the humiliation and public prejudice of having once been accused. 

In conclusion, I’d like to reiterate the importance of maintaining anonymity in a case of criminal accusation. It is a fair argument that the public at large ought to know the argument of the criminal who threatens their safety and security, however the principles of law dictates that a person is innocent until proven guilty. By abiding by this view, we can maintain the objectivity of the court and preserve the dignity of the accused.

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This was all about LNAT essay questions. We hope this blog has given you a brief Idea as to how to go about your essay. In case you need additional guidance in navigating various aptitude tests and exams, get in touch with our experts at Leverage Edu today! Call us immediately at 1800 57 2000 for a free 30-minute counselling session.

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Here Are The Colleges With The Most 2024 Olympic Medals—And What To Know About Them

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PALO ALTO, CA - OCTOBER 2: A general view of Hoover Tower through the arches of the Main Quadrangle ... [+] on the campus of Stanford University before a college football game against the Oregon Ducks on October 2, 2021 played at Stanford Stadium in Palo Alto, California. (Photo by David Madison/Getty Images)

The 2024 Paris Olympic Games, which concluded this week, showcased not only the incredible talents of athletes from around the world, but also the American universities where many of them trained for their successes. From exceptional programs in swimming and gymnastics to track and field, certain colleges have consistently produced Olympians who go on to achieve extraordinary success—both during and after their collegiate careers.

Whether you hope to join the ranks of Olympic athletes or simply dream of donning your school colors and cheering your classmates on to gold, here’s what you need to know about the U.S. colleges and universities whose athletes took home the most medals in Paris this summer:

Stanford University

Number of Medals: 39

Notable Athletes: Brody Malone (Gymnastics), Asher Hong (Gymnastics), Katie Ledecky (Swimming)

What to know about the school: Stanford University is known as one of the most prestigious universities in the nation; it is consistently ranked as a top ten school by U.S. News and World Report , ranking third in 2024. But academics is not the only area in which Stanford excels. With a litany of Olympic champions, the university has made a name for itself with student-athletes. Prior to this Olympic Games, the school boasted 296 medals from 177 medalists, including Katie Ledecky , the most decorated American female athlete in history. This summer marked a record-breaking year for Stanford athletics, taking home the most medals of any university and breaking their all-time record for most medals won in a single Olympic Games.

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University of California, Berkeley

Number of Medals: 23

Notable Athletes: Ryan Murphy (Swimming), Abbey Weitzel (Swimming), Jack Alexy (Swimming)

What to know about the school: UC Berkeley, also known as Cal, is another highly ranked institution for both academics and athletics. With an impressive array of over 300 degree programs across 15 colleges and schools, the university offers a rich and diverse environment where students are encouraged to explore, innovate, and challenge themselves—whether in the classroom, on the field, or in the pool. The school’s athletic program, particularly in swimming, has produced numerous Olympians and medalists. This year, the school sent 59 athletes to the Games and earned 23 medals; tying with its already existing record of 23 medals. This number brings the school to 246 all-time Olympic medals, with 126 golds.

University of Texas, Austin

Number of Medals: 16

Notable Athletes: Scottie Scheffler (Golf), Ryan Crouser (Shot Put), Julien Alfred (Track & Field), Kevin Durant (Basketball)

What to know about the school: Established in 1883 , UT Austin has grown into a leading public research university with a diverse student body of over 50,000 students from all 50 states and 130 countries. The university has a vibrant sports culture that has consistently produced dozens of top-tier athletes. While the university has a history of Olympic excellence, with 162 athletes having earned 156 medals prior to this summer, the Paris Olympics saw a historic delegation from the school, with 30 UT-affiliated athletes competing. UT saw particular success in Track & Field, with the talents of Julien Alfred and Ryan Crouser captivating viewers from around the world.

University of Southern California

Number of Medals: 15

Notable Athletes: Rai Benjamin (Track & Field, formerly UCLA), Anna Cockrell (Track & Field)

What to know about the school: The University of Southern California holds the record for the most Olympic medals won by any U.S. institution, having earned 326 medals prior to the 2024 Olympic Games. This summer, USC saw particular success in water polo, with USC-affiliated athletes winning gold, silver, and bronze for Spain, Australia, and the U.S.A., respectively. The Trojan spirit , characterized by a deep sense of community and loyalty, permeates every aspect of campus life at USC, encouraging students to excel not only in their academic pursuits but also in their personal, professional, and athletic development.

University of California, Los Angeles

Number of Medals: 14

Notable Athletes: Jordan Chiles (Gymnastics), Tom Daly (Diving)

What to know about the school: The #1 ranked public university in the nation according to U.S. News & World Report , the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a highly sought-after institution for its academics—but UCLA is also an athletic powerhouse, boasting 284 Olympic medals in total. In addition to the high-profile wins of Jordan Chiles (who announced her intention to return to UCLA to compete following the Olympics) and Tom Daly, UCLA also saw Olympic success in Track & Field and water polo.

University of Virginia

Notable Athletes: Kate Douglass (Swimming), Gretchen Walsh (Swimming)

What to know about the school: Consistently ranked in the Top 5 athletic standings in the NCAA and with 750 student athletes competing on 27 varsity teams, University of Virginia is a hub for excellence both on and off the field. UVA is yet another U.S. school to dominate in the pool during the 2024 Olympic Games, taking home three gold medals in the women’s 4x100 meter relay, one in the mixed 4x100 meter relay, and another in the 200 meter breaststroke. In total, 11 of the 14 medals earned by Cavalier athletes were in swimming events. Given that UVA-affiliated athletes earned 10% of the medals won for Team U.S.A. during the Games, this summer is likely to boost the university’s recruiting efforts—particularly drawing new students into the pool.

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Changes to Oxbridge Entrance Tests in 2024

19th August 2024

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There are some significant changes to the admissions test process this year. Here are the details.

You can find details of the Oxford university subjects which use admissions tests here and the Cambridge requirements here .

Admissions tests will no longer be taken in schools but must be taken at a Pearson VUE test centre – candidates may need to travel some distance for this, and if they book very close to the deadlines, may find that there is no space in their nearest centre.

Candidates must book these tests themselves (some candidates with Access Arrangements can get support from the universities with booking).

On arrival at the test centre, you will need to provide two forms of ID, one of which must be government-approved photo ID.

For Cambridge-specific tests (ESAT and TMUA), candidates must register to take these by September 16th.

For Oxford-specific tests, candidates must register by October 4th.

Note that these dates are much earlier than the date on which the UCAS form must be submitted.

Candidates who typically have Access Arrangements in place for exams must be even more organised as they will need to submit medical/educational evidence of their needs well in advance of the test date. For the main Cambridge tests (eg ESAT and TMUA), the deadline for applying for Access arrangements is August 29th. For most of the Oxford tests, the deadline for applying for Access Arrangements is September 20th.

Many of the Oxford test dates are scheduled over the October half term; test dates range from October 22nd to October 31st. The TSA – required for PPE and E&M and History & Economics, amongst others – is scheduled for October 24th.

Candidates will need to think carefully about where they are likely to be over the half term in order to book their test at an appropriate test centre.

The Cambridge-specific test dates are 15th to 17th October.

You can often get cheaper travel tickets for trains if you book in advance.

The LNAT (for law admissions) and UCAT (for medicine admissions) are also used by other universities. The admissions process for these has not changed as much. Candidates must register for the LNAT (£75 in the UK) by September 15th and take the test before October 15th.

Candidates must register for the UCAT (£70) as soon as possible and take the test by September 26th.

Financial bursaries for the test fees are available for the ESAT and TMUA for candidates in genuine financial need. Details are available here.

Thanks to Ruth Tarrant for providing these important details

Geoff Riley

Geoff Riley FRSA has been teaching Economics for over thirty years. He has over twenty years experience as Head of Economics at leading schools. He writes extensively and is a contributor and presenter on CPD conferences in the UK and overseas.

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The Complete List of LNAT Question Types for 2024 & 2025

• Revised & updated LNAT 2024 Edition
• 30 Full-Length Practice Tests
• 360 LNAT-Style Passages
• 1,260 Multiple-Choice Questions
• All Answers Include Explanations
• 90 Essay Questions - with model answers
• Access for 12 months from the date of purchase
• Option to Repeat All Tests Thrice for Enhanced Practice
• Random Shuffling of Answers for Repeat Practice Sessions
• Try the Free Full Length LNAT 2024 Practice Test

While creating our LNAT 2024 Practice Tests, we extensively analyzed LNAT sample papers, practice tests and also the reading comprehension sections from similar exams – to understand the different types of questions you will see in section A.

The LNAT is designed to be a test of aptitude and not a test of knowledge. The test measures the verbal reasoning abilities and skills of the candidate, which are essential for the study and practice of law. Verbal reasoning includes the following skills – comprehension, interpretation, analysis, synthesis and deduction.

The list below is the compilation of all the question types that you will see in the LNAT 2024 and 2025, with a couple of examples for each type.

Our LNAT practice tests currently have 360 passages, with 1260 questions in total, covering all of the question types listed below.

And always remember, all questions must be answered using the information specifically provided within the passage. No external information or prior knowledge of any topic is expected or required. (We have discussed about this point in one of our other articles).

Fact-based questions

Questions that ask for specific information or details from the passage, often related to the author’s views, opinions, or the content itself. These are probably the most straight-forward questions, since the answer will be within the passage; and no interpretation is required.

• What is the author’s main argument for the implementation of renewable energy sources?
• How does the passage describe the impact of social media on mental health?

Interpretation and inference questions

Questions that require understanding the meaning, tone, or implications of the passage, and drawing conclusions based on the information provided.

• What does the author imply about the consequences of income inequality in society?
• Based on the passage, how does the writer feel about the role of technology in modern education?

Logical reasoning and argument analysis questions

Questions that focus on the logical structure, assumptions, strengths, and weaknesses of the arguments presented in the passage.

• What assumptions underlie the author’s argument regarding the benefits of remote work?
• Identify a potential flaw in the author’s argument about the correlation between exercise and cognitive function.

Context and organization questions

Questions that deal with the organization, structure, or context of the passage, such as the target audience or the purpose of the writing.

• Who is the intended audience for this passage about climate change policy?
• What is the primary purpose of this passage discussing the history of artificial intelligence?

Comparisons and contrasts questions

Questions that require identifying similarities and differences between ideas, theories, or authors mentioned in the passage.

• How does the author compare the leadership styles of two prominent political figures?
• What are the main differences between the economic theories discussed in the passage?

Vocabulary and language questions

Questions that focus on the meaning, usage, or effect of specific words, phrases, or literary devices in the passage.

• In the context of the passage, what does the term “vitiate” mean?
• How does the author use the metaphor of a “tangled web” to illustrate their point?

Application and hypothetical questions

Questions that ask about applying concepts or theories from the passage to new situations or considering possible outcomes based on the provided information.

• How might the principles outlined in the passage be applied to improve workplace productivity?
• Based on the passage’s discussion of environmental conservation, what might be the potential outcome of continued deforestation?

Main argument or point

Questions that focus on identifying the central idea, thesis, or claim the author is making in the passage.

• What is the main argument in the passage about the situation of women in 19th century Britain?
• What is the main point that Ruskin is making in his comments about governesses?

Implied information

Questions that require identifying information that is suggested or hinted at by the author, rather than explicitly stated.

• Which of the following does the writer imply but not state?
• Which one of the following does the author seem to imply?

Contextual meaning

Questions that ask for the meaning of a word, phrase, or concept within the specific context of the passage, rather than its general definition.

• What is meant by using a ‘mind map’?
• Within the context of the passage, what comes closest to the meaning of “ecstasy” as used in the second paragraph?

Author’s attitude or tone

Questions that require understanding the author’s emotions, attitude, or perspective towards a subject, as expressed through their choice of words and overall tone.

• Which one of the following best describes the tone of the last paragraph?
• Which one of the following most accurately characterizes the author’s attitude with respect to obligatory schooling?

Argument development or evidence

Questions that focus on how the author supports or develops their argument, including the use of evidence, counterarguments, and logical structure.

• Which of the following pairs is not used as an opposition in the passage?
• Which one of the following is not cited as evidence for the existence of self-isolating tribes?

Criticism or approval

Questions that ask about the author’s stance towards a particular subject, idea, or practice, whether they express criticism or approval.

• The main criticism in the passage of the use by students of the internet is:
• Which of the following is intended to convey approval?

Inferences or conclusions

Questions that require drawing logical conclusions or making inferences based on the information provided in the passage.

• If one rich nation alone stopped producing emissions completely it would reduce total emissions worldwide by about 6%. According to the writer that nation would probably:
• Based on the passage, which one of the following can be reasonably inferred regarding the relationship between the ‘Sovereignty of Parliament’ and the ‘Rule of Law’?

Definitions or meanings

Questions that ask about the specific meaning of a word or phrase as used by the author, which may differ from its common or general definition.

• The writer here uses the word ‘conservative’ to mean:
• The writer here uses the word “hermetic” to mean

Comparison or contrast

Questions that require identifying similarities and differences between ideas, concepts, or subjects discussed in the passage.

• Writer B contrasts the novels of Patrick Hamilton and Henry Green with those of Joyce Cary, mainly to:
• In the writer’s view, what principal feature sets apart the Cubist paintings of Picasso and Braque?

Interpretation of specific elements

Questions that ask about the author’s intent, meaning, or opinion on a particular element within the passage, such as a word, phrase, or literary device.

• What is the writer’s particular complaint about modern-day use of the word ‘basically’?
• Which of the following words is being used as a criticism in the passage?

Numerical ability, Quantitative ability or calculation questions

Questions that require the reader to perform relatively simple calculations or manipulate numerical data based on the information provided in the passage. They may involve percentages, proportions, or other mathematical concepts and often test the reader’s ability to understand and apply quantitative information in a specific context.

• According to the passage, the population of a town increased by 15% in the first year and 20% in the second year. If the initial population was 10,000, what was the population at the end of the second year?
• The passage states that the price of a product decreased by 10% and then increased by 15%. If the original price was $200, what is the final price after these changes?

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Student News Quiz

Summer 2024 News Quiz for Students

Compiled by Jeremy Engle Aug. 14, 2024

This summer has produced dramatic headlines around the world, including the assassination attempt on former President Donald Trump, President Biden's withdrawal from the presidential race and the Summer Olympics in Paris.

How closely have you paid attention to current events? See what you remember by taking our special Summer 2024 News Quiz.

Our weekly News Quiz for Students will resume on Sept. 10.

The summer began with the crowning of a new N.B.A. champion, the end of an era for a popular game-show host and a consequential presidential debate.

On June 2, Claudia Sheinbaum made history as the first woman elected to lead which country?

Morrie Markoff, a supercentenarian blogger and scrap-metal sculptor who was believed to be the oldest man in the United States, died on June 3 at his home in downtown Los Angeles. He was 110.

Which of the following events did Mr. Markoff NOT live through?

The first airplane flight

Two pandemics

Two world wars

In a significant move to ease pressure on the immigration system and address a major concern among voters, President Biden issued an executive order on June 4 that will close the U.S. border to migrants when what occurs?

Daily illegal crossings hit 2,500.

Mexico requests its closure.

The temperature rises above 90 degrees.

After 41 seasons at the helm, Pat Sajak signed off as the host of which game show in June?

"Family Feud"

"Jeopardy!"

"Wheel of Fortune"

On June 17, the Boston Celtics easily defeated the Dallas Mavericks, 106-88, to capture the N.B.A. title in five games.

The win gave the franchise how many titles?

On June 17, the U.S. surgeon general, Dr. Vivek Murthy, announced that he would push for a warning label on what?

Social media platforms

Which company, powered by the boom in generative artificial intelligence, briefly surpassed Microsoft in June as the world’s most valuable public company?

Novo Nordisk

On June 19, Louisiana’s governor signed a law requiring classrooms in the state to display what?

An American flag

The governor’s photo

The Ten Commandments

In June, more than 1,300 people died while attending what major event in Saudi Arabia as temperatures surpassed 100 degrees Fahrenheit?

A music festival

A soccer match

The hajj pilgrimage

What was the most significant outcome of the first and only debate between President Biden and former President Donald Trump this election cycle?

Low ratings prompted the major television networks to cancel the two subsequent debates scheduled for the fall.

President Biden’s performance prompted a wave of panic among Democrats and reopened discussion of whether he should be the nominee.

Live fact-checking by the moderators set a precedent for all future debates.