Show that you understand the current state of research on your topic.
Make a case for your . Demonstrate that you have carefully thought about the data, tools, and procedures necessary to conduct your research.
Confirm that your project is feasible within the timeline of your program or funding deadline.
Research proposal length
The length of a research proposal can vary quite a bit. A bachelor’s or master’s thesis proposal can be just a few pages, while proposals for PhD dissertations or research funding are usually much longer and more detailed. Your supervisor can help you determine the best length for your work.
One trick to get started is to think of your proposal’s structure as a shorter version of your thesis or dissertation , only without the results , conclusion and discussion sections.
Download our research proposal template
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Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We’ve included a few for you below.
Example research proposal #1: “A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management”
Example research proposal #2: “Medical Students as Mediators of Change in Tobacco Use”
Like your dissertation or thesis, the proposal will usually have a title page that includes:
The proposed title of your project
Your supervisor’s name
Your institution and department
The first part of your proposal is the initial pitch for your project. Make sure it succinctly explains what you want to do and why.
Your introduction should:
Introduce your topic
Give necessary background and context
Outline your problem statement and research questions
To guide your introduction , include information about:
Who could have an interest in the topic (e.g., scientists, policymakers)
How much is already known about the topic
What is missing from this current knowledge
What new insights your research will contribute
Why you believe this research is worth doing
Receive feedback on language, structure, and formatting
Professional editors proofread and edit your paper by focusing on:
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As you get started, it’s important to demonstrate that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong literature review shows your reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have already done or said, but rather using existing research as a jumping-off point for your own.
In this section, share exactly how your project will contribute to ongoing conversations in the field by:
Comparing and contrasting the main theories, methods, and debates
Examining the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
Explaining how will you build on, challenge, or synthesize prior scholarship
Following the literature review, restate your main objectives . This brings the focus back to your own project. Next, your research design or methodology section will describe your overall approach, and the practical steps you will take to answer your research questions.
Building a research proposal methodology
? or ? , , or research design?
, )? ?
, , , )?
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To finish your proposal on a strong note, explore the potential implications of your research for your field. Emphasize again what you aim to contribute and why it matters.
For example, your results might have implications for:
Improving best practices
Informing policymaking decisions
Strengthening a theory or model
Challenging popular or scientific beliefs
Creating a basis for future research
Last but not least, your research proposal must include correct citations for every source you have used, compiled in a reference list . To create citations quickly and easily, you can use our free APA citation generator .
Some institutions or funders require a detailed timeline of the project, asking you to forecast what you will do at each stage and how long it may take. While not always required, be sure to check the requirements of your project.
Here’s an example schedule to help you get started. You can also download a template at the button below.
Download our research schedule template
Example research schedule
Research phase
Objectives
Deadline
1. Background research and literature review
20th January
2. Research design planning
and data analysis methods
13th February
3. Data collection and preparation
with selected participants and code interviews
24th March
4. Data analysis
of interview transcripts
22nd April
5. Writing
17th June
6. Revision
final work
28th July
If you are applying for research funding, chances are you will have to include a detailed budget. This shows your estimates of how much each part of your project will cost.
Make sure to check what type of costs the funding body will agree to cover. For each item, include:
Cost : exactly how much money do you need?
Justification : why is this cost necessary to complete the research?
Source : how did you calculate the amount?
To determine your budget, think about:
Travel costs : do you need to go somewhere to collect your data? How will you get there, and how much time will you need? What will you do there (e.g., interviews, archival research)?
Materials : do you need access to any tools or technologies?
Help : do you need to hire any research assistants for the project? What will they do, and how much will you pay them?
If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.
Methodology
Sampling methods
Simple random sampling
Stratified sampling
Cluster sampling
Likert scales
Reproducibility
Statistics
Null hypothesis
Statistical power
Probability distribution
Effect size
Poisson distribution
Research bias
Optimism bias
Cognitive bias
Implicit bias
Hawthorne effect
Anchoring bias
Explicit bias
Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement .
Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.
I will compare …
A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.
Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.
A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.
A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.
A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.
All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.
Critical thinking refers to the ability to evaluate information and to be aware of biases or assumptions, including your own.
Like information literacy , it involves evaluating arguments, identifying and solving problems in an objective and systematic way, and clearly communicating your ideas.
The best way to remember the difference between a research plan and a research proposal is that they have fundamentally different audiences. A research plan helps you, the researcher, organize your thoughts. On the other hand, a dissertation proposal or research proposal aims to convince others (e.g., a supervisor, a funding body, or a dissertation committee) that your research topic is relevant and worthy of being conducted.
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Research Project A & B (Stage 2)
Length of course, compulsory or elective, pre-requisites, subject description.
Students choose a research question that is based on an area of interest to them. They explore and develop one or more capabilities in the context of their research.
The term ‘research’ is used broadly and may include practical or technical investigations, formal research, or exploratory inquiries.
The Research Project provides a valuable opportunity for SACE students to develop and demonstrate skills essential for learning and living in a changing world. It enables students to develop vital skills of planning, research, synthesis, evaluation, and project management.
The Research Project enables students to explore an area of interest in depth, while developing skills to prepare them for further education, training, and work. Students develop their ability to question sources of information, make effective decisions, evaluate their own progress, be innovative, and solve problems.
The content of both Research Project A and B consists of:
developing the capabilities
applying the research framework
In Research Project students choose a research question that is based on an area of interest . They identify one or more capabilities that are relevant to their research.
Students use the research framework as a guide to developing their research and applying knowledge, skills, and ideas specific to their research question. They choose one or more capabilities, explore the concept of the capability or capabilities, and how it or they can be developed in the context of their research.
Students synthesise their key findings to produce a Research Outcome, which is substantiated by evidence and examples from the research. They review the knowledge and skills they have developed, and reflect on the quality of their Research Outcome.
Students must achieve a C– grade or better to complete the subject successfully and gain their SACE.
For Research Project A, students can choose to present their external assessment in written, oral, or multimodal form.
For Research Project B, the external assessment must be written.
The following assessment types enable students to demonstrate their learning in Stage 2 Research Project A and B:
School Assessment (70%)
Assessment Type 1: Folio (30%)
Assessment Type 2: Research Outcome (40%)
External Assessment (30%)
Assessment Type 3: Review (30% Research Project A)
Assessment Type 3: Evaluation (30% Research Project B)
Research Project A and B contribute to an ATAR
Pathways for Cross Disciplinary
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THS Curriculum Handbook
Year 11 – Research Project
Length: Single Semester (10 Stage 2 credits) Contact: SACE Leader ALL students must complete the 10-credit Research Project at Stage 2 of the SACE, with a C− grade or better. Course Description Students will:
Choose a topic of interest and develop a research question
Learn and apply research processes and the knowledge and skills specific to their research topic
Record their research and evaluate what they have learnt.
The term research is used broadly and may include practical or technical investigations, formal research, or exploratory enquiries. Students are expected to:
Work independently and with others to initiate an idea, and to plan and manage a research project
Demonstrate the learning capability and 1 other chosen capability
Analyse information and explore ideas to develop their research
Develop and apply specific knowledge and skills
Communicate and evaluate their research outcome
Evaluate the research processes used and their chosen capability.
Assessment (Both ATAR accredited) Research Project A
Folio (30%)
Research Outcome (40%)
Review (external assessment – 30%).
Maximum of 1500 words if written. Maximum of 10 minutes for an oral presentation. Equivalent in multimodal form. Research Project B
Evaluation (30%).
A maximum of 2000 words if written or a maximum of 12 minutes for an oral presentation, or the equivalent in multimodal form. Note: We strongly advise that Research Project B be undertaken for those students on a University pathway.
The Ultimate Guide to the Year 11 English Extension Syllabus
Not sure what’s new in the Year 11 English Extension course or just want a rundown of the syllabus?
You’ve come to the right place!
In this article, we’ll cover the changes to content and assessments, as well as how to prepare beforehand, and how to study smart while you’re doing this course.
So, what are you waiting for? Let’s jump in!
What’s Different in the New Year 11 English Extension Course? How to Get an E4 in the Texts, Culture and Value Module How to Prepare for the Texts, Culture and Value Module
But first, make sure you download your free PDF breakdown of the Year 11 English Extension Course!
Download your free breakdown of the year 11 english extension course here, what’s different in the new year 11 english extension course.
It’s the same content with an exciting new way of expressing and assessing it!
The module of taught content, ‘Texts, Culture, and Value’ will remain the same, but there will be a major independent research project leading to a multimedia presentation towards the end of the course.
The Common Module ‘Texts, Culture, and Values’ is described as a study of ‘highly valued cultural texts appropriated into and maintained in popular cultures’. It has been the first unit of content studied by Year 11 English Extension students for a long time, and it has been maintained in the new HSC.
‘Texts, Culture, and Value’ examines how a value (like romantic love, for instance, or patriotism) appears in a text (like Romeo and Juliet or Braveheart ) and how our culture uses that text (by remaking it, or adding sequels, or using the story outline in new texts).
Here’s the first paragraph of the rubric: it tells you broadly what you’ll be looking for in the texts your school has chosen.
Students explore the ways in which aspects and concerns of texts from the past have been carried forward, borrowed from and/or appropriated into more recent culture. The module develops students’ understanding of how and why cultural values are maintained and changed.
You should notice that it’s actually very similar to Module A in Advanced English .
The Year 11 English Extension module looks at the intersection of ideas or trends, books and movies, and recent culture, and shows you that cultural trends haven’t just popped up from nowhere but appear in the form of a text and produce more texts.
This similarity to the Advanced course benefits you, because you’ll be working the same skills of comparison and contextualisation in two different units.
Change #1: Difference number and value of assessment tasks
Your mark for Year 11 English Extension comprises:
50% on knowledge and understanding of complex texts and of how and why they are valued
50% on skills in complex analysis, sustained composition, and independent investigation
NESA has set firmer rules about how schools can assess you in Year 11 English Extension:
There should be THREE assessment tasks set in Year 11
Each task can only weigh between 20-40%
Schools can only set ONE formal exam during the year
The Research Project Presentation has a maximum weighting of 40%
This is good news, because it means the number and type of assessments that Year 11 English Extension students across NSW are given are relatively similar. In other words, there will be less variation in assessments between schools.
Change #2: No set texts for Year 11 English Extension
As in previous years, there are no set texts for the Preliminary course so it’s up to your school to choose the texts that you study in Year 11.
NESA allows this because they want to give schools as much flexibility as possible to get their students interested and up to the standard required for study in Year 12.
Change #3: Independent Research Project
NESA has introduced a major Independent Research Project, to be presented as an analytical multimodal presentation, to the Year 11 English Extension Course!
Everyone must study ‘Texts, Culture, and Value’, but your school will decide whether you do the research project at the same time as, or after, the module.
NESA defines ‘multimedia’ as ‘at least one mode other than reading and writing such as listening, speaking, viewing, and representing’. Because this is the Preliminary half of the course, your school will determine the exact parameters of the Research Project, such as its length or duration, what the split between creative and critical analysis should be, and in what form it should be submitted.
This project provides opportunities for students to develop skills in independent investigation and critical and creative thinking. Students apply their knowledge about texts studied in this module to their own selected texts. They develop an understanding of research methodologies suitable to support a range of interpretive, analytical and imaginative projects. Students select a key text and examine and evaluate manifestations of their selected text in other contexts and media, while considering how and whether the values embedded in one text parallel, challenge or offer alternatives to the other.
What’s the point of a Research Project for Year 11 English Extension students?
There are two main benefits in the Research Project:
Firstly, it allows students who are passionate about English to formulate and follow their own interests for a defined task
Secondly, it tests students’ ability to research and write at length and then communicate their findings in an engaging and relevant way
The content knowledge you’ll accrue by reading and watching a lot about one topic, and the skills in research and extended writing are very valuable real-world skills , which will serve you well if you plan to do research and writing intensive subjects at uni or beyond!
How to Get an E4 in the Texts, Culture and Value Module
The Performance Band descriptors within the new syllabus outline what the work of a top performing student looks like. So let’s go through each descriptor to work out what it means, and how to achieve the top mark for each!
Step 1: Consider your text and its culture
Consider the relationships between the text and its culture
This seems pretty self explanatory, right? I mean, the name of the module is Texts, Culture and Value!
However, it is critically important to be able to recognise and understand that a text is produced within a particular context and a particular culture. You also need to be able to recognise that a culture influences a text, and a text can also influence a culture.
For example , if you read To Kill a Mockingbird or The Hunger Games , you’ll see that these texts are actually written to condemn things in our culture (racism and judicial corruption, and wealth inequality respectively).
These texts were not just written because they’re interesting stories, they were written for a purpose within their culture and context.
Action Point: Do some research on the writer and the historical period when the text was written.
Here are some prompts to get you started:
Write a short paragraph on the writer and his or her life. What was their family background and upbringing like? Where are they from? What was the historical period in which they were writing?
What is the historical period in which this particular text was written?
What are ways in which the text has been influenced by the writer and/or the context in which the text was written?
Step 2: Explore the language and how it reflects values
Explore the language of the text and examine the ways in which language shapes and reflects values
Now you are aware that texts are written within a particular context and culture, it’s time to analyse the use of language in the text to explore the values portrayed by the writer.
To do this well you need to be able to confidently identify and analyse how the writer uses literary techniques to explore and reflect values in the text.
If you need a bit of a refresher course on literary techniques, we’ve got you covered with our literary techniques cheatsheet!
For example: In The Hunger Games , the catchphrase May the odds be ever in your favour has appeared in memes and songs, t-shirts, and even other books. But it actually comes from ancient Rome, where it was said to those condemned to fight in the gladiatorial arena. It’s used ironically, in the books, because in a humane civilisation surviving shouldn’t be down to luck but to cooperation with your fellow citizens.
Action Point: Create a TEE table and start to fill it with examples from the text
If you’re unsure on how to create a TEE table, or just need a little refresh, check out our article here! Or reach out to our expert tutoring team today to support you 1-1 in your own home or online.
You should be filling in your TEE table for each text as you work through reading the text for the first time, up until you finish the module in class! The more quality analysis and examples you have, the more comprehensive your responses to the text.
The TEE table is one of our top study recommendations for all English units! See more in our Band 6 Guide to Year 11 Advanced English Module B !
Step 3: Consider how different effects arise from different responses to a text
Consider the effects of different ways of responding to the text
For this step you need to think critically and genuinely about the effect of the text in a broad sense. You need to be thinking about how responses to a text come in different forms.
For example, for The Hunger Games , how do the many memes about it differ from a ‘Letter from Katniss’ condemning her parents for having children in the dreadful society? Is the letter a ‘better’ response because it’s more serious? Can memes have a more immediate effect on a society? These questions are what you can ask about the different forms that responses come in.
Action Point: Research as many responses to the text as you can!
Obviously, really important texts like Bram Stoker’s Dracula have too many responses to count (anything that involves a vampire can be considered a response to that text), but you can begin to build up a multimedia portfolio of images, songs, games, and written texts where the text has had an influence.
Step 4: Consider how and why the original and later versions of a text are valued
Consider the ways and reasons the original and later manifestations of the text or aspects of the text are valued.
This step is similar to the previous Step 3, however instead of examining different responses to a text, we’re looking at different versions of a text.
For example, The Hunger Games a ‘Young Adult’ novel, but the very similar story of Gladiator considered an adult film. How soon will there be a remake of The Hunger Games series that isn’t considered to be ‘Young Adult’ – and why do we keep remaking things? Why don’t we all just go back and read the historian Plutarch’s story of Spartacus, the original arena-warrior, Spartacus? Why do we need new versions of enduring texts?
Step 5: Explore, analyse and critically evaluate texts
Demonstrates insightful understanding and sophisticated evaluation of the concepts and values in texts and the ways in which these are expressed
Here’s where it all comes together.
By now, you’ve got a whole bunch of knowledge about ‘Texts, Culture and Value’ and it’s time to use it!
Action Point: Use your analysis of context, themes and language to inform your response to the text
A top-band answer will likely:
acknowledge the difference between a concept and a value
recognise that the values come from the author’s own views, historical context, and literary aims – this will probably involve reading contextually about the author and their other works
make bold but well-supported statements actually evaluating how successfully the author has communicated the value, or dealt with the concepts, and whether the value proves persuasive
be clear about several distinct strategies used by the author to communicate the value or discuss the concepts
Displays highly developed ability to analyse and evaluate the nature of texts and the relationships between them, and the different ways in which texts are valued
More than simply saying a rote number of things about each individual text, really good students will show that:
there’s a conversation going on between different texts across different points in time,
that this conversation uses different ways of saying making a point,
and that some of these ways are more acceptable at some times in history than others.
They will be aware that one version of a story will be loved by one group, and hated by another, and be able to explain clearly why this is
Most of all, they’ll be able to say these things in correct, clear language which doesn’t just get their point across, but makes their reader agree, laugh, cry, or be interested, depending on what the student is aiming for.
You then need to be able to take your evidence and analysis of the text to inform your personal response. Basically, you need to be able to t ake what you’ve learnt and write a kickass essay using your knowledge!
We have an amazing article which outlines step-by-step How to Write a Killer English Essay here!
How to Prepare for the Texts, Culture and Value Module
Step 1: read your texts.
Ask your teacher what you’ll be reading, and get the texts read ahead of time. Ideally, you will have read your text/s well before you absolutely need to have read them…
Step 2: Get reading to read with purpose, with a pen in hand!
Get used to reading with a pen in hand! Underline or write down quotes and note your reactions to them, even if it’s just a smiley face or a tick in the margin
Step 3: Research your ‘Master Narrative’
Find out and write up a paragraph about what ‘master narrative’ the text uses. Master Narratives are the basic storylines which underpin most texts.
For example , most romantic comedies are retellings of the basic fairy tale of boy meets girl, boy loses girl, boy undergoes trials to win girl back, they unite in marriage and live happily ever after. How does the text diverge from the master narrative?
Step 4: Get Academic
Start to get familiar with academic databases such as JSTOR, and practice using them to look up critical or academic readings about the text. It’s important to get comfortable with academic writing, if you want to pursue subjects at Extension level and beyond.
Step 5: Ask Questions!
This is what your teacher, tutor, friends and parents are for! Ask as many questions as you can, until you are satisfied with the answers.
In many ways, asking questions is as important as expressing your ideas well. Consider what approaches to the text interest you, and what things you might focus on in your Research Project.
Are you looking for some extra help with Year 11 English Extension?
We pride ourselves on our inspirational hsc english extension 1 & 2 coaches and mentors.
We offer tutoring and mentoring for Years K-12 in a large variety of subjects, with personalised lessons conducted one-on-one in your home or at our state of the art campus in Hornsby!
To find out more and get started with an inspirational tutor and mentor get in touch today!
Give us a ring on 1300 267 888, email us at [email protected] or check us out on Facebook !
Dr Anna McHugh is a qualified English teacher with 10+ years experience at Sydney’s top schools, with 2 PhDs from The University of Sydney and Oxford University and the author of a number of textbooks for HSC English. Anna works with Art of Smart Education as an on-campus English teacher at the AOS Hornsby campus.
Topics: ✏️ English , ✍️ Learn
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Research outcome – RPB | Research Project | SACE - Research Project
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The following exemplars include graded student work. Documents will continue to be uploaded as they become available.
RPB A+ Research Outcome: Vibrant City [PDF 6.1MB] (7 April 2016)
RPB A+ Research Outcome: Architecture of Adelaide Remand Centre [PDF 2.3MB]
RPB A Research Outcome: Economic growth in Shanghai [PDF 3.3MB]
RPB A- Research Outcome: NT fireworks [PDF 3.7MB]
RPB A- Research Outcome: Travel guide [PDF 4MB]
RPB B+ Research Outcome: Molecular gastronomy [DOC 84KB]
RPB B+ Research Outcome: Architecture of churches in South Australia [PDF 7MB]
RPB B+ Research Outcome: Fashion Label Recognition outside of Adelaide [PDF 4MB] (8 April 2016)
RPB B Research Outcome: Compressed air device [PDF 3.8MB]
RPB B- Research Outcome: YouTube Vlogging Channel [PDF 2.6MB] (8 April 2016)
RPB C Research Outcome: Chair upholstery [PDF 1.8MB]
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The Human Genome Project (HGP) is one of the greatest scientific feats in history. The project was a voyage of biological discovery led by an international group of researchers looking to comprehensively study all of the DNA (known as a genome) of a select set of organisms. Launched in October 1990 and completed in April 2003, the Human Genome Project’s signature accomplishment – generating the first sequence of the human genome – provided fundamental information about the human blueprint, which has since accelerated the study of human biology and improved the practice of medicine.
Learn more about the Human Genome Project below.
A virtual exhibit exploring the 1990 letter writing campaign to oppose the HGP.
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Americans’ Views of Technology Companies
Most Americans are wary of social media’s role in politics and its overall impact on the country, and these concerns are ticking up among Democrats. Still, Republicans stand out on several measures, with a majority believing major technology companies are biased toward liberals.
22% of Americans say they interact with artificial intelligence almost constantly or several times a day. 27% say they do this about once a day or several times a week.
About one-in-five U.S. adults have used ChatGPT to learn something new (17%) or for entertainment (17%).
Across eight countries surveyed in Latin America, Africa and South Asia, a median of 73% of adults say they use WhatsApp and 62% say they use Facebook.
5 facts about Americans and sports
About half of Americans (48%) say they took part in organized, competitive sports in high school or college.
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The State of Online Harassment
Roughly four-in-ten Americans have experienced online harassment, with half of this group citing politics as the reason they think they were targeted. Growing shares face more severe online abuse such as sexual harassment or stalking
Parenting Children in the Age of Screens
Two-thirds of parents in the U.S. say parenting is harder today than it was 20 years ago, with many citing technologies – like social media or smartphones – as a reason.
Dating and Relationships in the Digital Age
From distractions to jealousy, how Americans navigate cellphones and social media in their romantic relationships.
Americans and Privacy: Concerned, Confused and Feeling Lack of Control Over Their Personal Information
Majorities of U.S. adults believe their personal data is less secure now, that data collection poses more risks than benefits, and that it is not possible to go through daily life without being tracked.
Americans and ‘Cancel Culture’: Where Some See Calls for Accountability, Others See Censorship, Punishment
Social media fact sheet, digital knowledge quiz, video: how do americans define online harassment.
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CHIPS for America
About CHIPS for America
Semiconductors, or chips, are tiny electronic devices that are integral to America’s economic and national security. These devices power tools as simple as a light switch and as complex as a fighter jet or a smartphone. Semiconductors power our consumer electronics, automobiles, data centers, critical infrastructure, and virtually all military systems. They are also essential building blocks of the technologies that will shape our future, including artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and clean energy.
While the United States remains a global leader in semiconductor design and research and development, it has fallen behind in manufacturing and now accounts for only about 10 percent of global commercial production. Today, none of the most advanced logic and memory chips—the chips that power PCs, smartphones, and supercomputers—are manufactured at commercial scale in the United States. In addition, many elements of the semiconductor supply chain are geographically concentrated, leaving them vulnerable to disruption and endangering the global economy and U.S. national security.
That’s why President Biden signed the bipartisan CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 into law. The law provides the Department of Commerce with $50 billion for a suite of programs to strengthen and revitalize the U.S. position in semiconductor research, development, and manufacturing—while also investing in American workers. CHIPS for America encompasses two offices responsible for implementing the law: The CHIPS Research and Development Office is investing $11 billion into developing a robust domestic R&D ecosystem, while the CHIPS Program Office is dedicating $39 billion to provide incentives for investment in facilities and equipment in the United States. Learn more about CHIPS for America from this video message from the Secretary of Commerce .
News and Press Releases
Biden-Harris Administration Announces Preliminary Terms with Absolics to Support Development of Glass Substrate Technology for Semiconductor Advanced Packaging
Biden-harris administration announces preliminary terms with polar semiconductor to establish an independent american foundry, chips for america announces $285 million funding opportunity for a digital twin and semiconductor chips manufacturing usa institute, u.s. department of commerce launches chips women in construction framework with initial voluntary commitments from intel and micron.
Marla Dowell Recognized as a Distinguished Executive with 2023 Presidential Rank Award
For general inquiries about CHIPS for America, contact askchips [at] chips.gov (askchips[at]chips[dot]gov) .
For inquiries about the CHIPS Incentives Program, contact apply [at] chips.gov .
For Congressional inquiries about CHIPS for America, contact legislativeaffairs [at] chips.gov (legislativeaffairs[at]chips[dot]gov) .
To request a meeting with a CHIPS staff member or an appearance at an event, visit https://askchips.chips.gov .
The CHIPS Incentives Program Portal can be found at https://applications.chips.gov .
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How To Start A Business In 11 Steps (2024 Guide)
Updated: Apr 7, 2024, 1:44pm
Table of Contents
Before you begin: get in the right mindset, 1. determine your business concept, 2. research your competitors and market, 3. create your business plan, 4. choose your business structure, 5. register your business and get licenses, 6. get your finances in order, 7. fund your business, 8. apply for business insurance, 9. get the right business tools, 10. market your business, 11. scale your business, what are the best states to start a business, bottom line, frequently asked questions (faqs).
Starting a business is one of the most exciting and rewarding experiences you can have. But where do you begin? There are several ways to approach creating a business, along with many important considerations. To help take the guesswork out of the process and improve your chances of success, follow our comprehensive guide on how to start a business. We’ll walk you through each step of the process, from defining your business idea to registering, launching and growing your business.
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The public often hears about overnight successes because they make for a great headline. However, it’s rarely that simple—they don’t see the years of dreaming, building and positioning before a big public launch. For this reason, remember to focus on your business journey and don’t measure your success against someone else’s.
Consistency Is Key
New business owners tend to feed off their motivation initially but get frustrated when that motivation wanes. This is why it’s essential to create habits and follow routines that power you through when motivation goes away.
Take the Next Step
Some business owners dive in headfirst without looking and make things up as they go along. Then, there are business owners who stay stuck in analysis paralysis and never start. Perhaps you’re a mixture of the two—and that’s right where you need to be. The best way to accomplish any business or personal goal is to write out every possible step it takes to achieve the goal. Then, order those steps by what needs to happen first. Some steps may take minutes while others take a long time. The point is to always take the next step.
Most business advice tells you to monetize what you love, but it misses two other very important elements: it needs to be profitable and something you’re good at. For example, you may love music, but how viable is your business idea if you’re not a great singer or songwriter? Maybe you love making soap and want to open a soap shop in your small town that already has three close by—it won’t be easy to corner the market when you’re creating the same product as other nearby stores.
If you don’t have a firm idea of what your business will entail, ask yourself the following questions:
What do you love to do?
What do you hate to do?
Can you think of something that would make those things easier?
What are you good at?
What do others come to you for advice about?
If you were given ten minutes to give a five-minute speech on any topic, what would it be?
What’s something you’ve always wanted to do, but lacked resources for?
These questions can lead you to an idea for your business. If you already have an idea, they might help you expand it. Once you have your idea, measure it against whether you’re good at it and if it’s profitable.
Your business idea also doesn’t have to be the next Scrub Daddy or Squatty Potty. Instead, you can take an existing product and improve upon it. You can also sell a digital product so there’s little overhead.
What Kind of Business Should You Start?
Before you choose the type of business to start, there are some key things to consider:
What type of funding do you have?
How much time do you have to invest in your business?
Do you prefer to work from home or at an office or workshop?
What interests and passions do you have?
Can you sell information (such as a course), rather than a product?
What skills or expertise do you have?
How fast do you need to scale your business?
What kind of support do you have to start your business?
Are you partnering with someone else?
Does the franchise model make more sense to you?
Consider Popular Business Ideas
Not sure what business to start? Consider one of these popular business ideas:
Start a Franchise
Start a Blog
Start an Online Store
Start a Dropshipping Business
Start a Cleaning Business
Start a Bookkeeping Business
Start a Clothing Business
Start a Landscaping Business
Start a Consulting Business
Start a Photography Business
Start a Vending Machine Business
Most entrepreneurs spend more time on their products than they do getting to know the competition. If you ever apply for outside funding, the potential lender or partner wants to know: what sets you (or your business idea) apart? If market analysis indicates your product or service is saturated in your area, see if you can think of a different approach. Take housekeeping, for example—rather than general cleaning services, you might specialize in homes with pets or focus on garage cleanups.
Primary Research
The first stage of any competition study is primary research, which entails obtaining data directly from potential customers rather than basing your conclusions on past data. You can use questionnaires, surveys and interviews to learn what consumers want. Surveying friends and family isn’t recommended unless they’re your target market. People who say they’d buy something and people who do are very different. The last thing you want is to take so much stock in what they say, create the product and flop when you try to sell it because all of the people who said they’d buy it don’t because the product isn’t something they’d buy.
Secondary Research
Utilize existing sources of information, such as census data, to gather information when you do secondary research. The current data may be studied, compiled and analyzed in various ways that are appropriate for your needs but it may not be as detailed as primary research.
Conduct a SWOT Analysis
SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Conducting a SWOT analysis allows you to look at the facts about how your product or idea might perform if taken to market, and it can also help you make decisions about the direction of your idea. Your business idea might have some weaknesses that you hadn’t considered or there may be some opportunities to improve on a competitor’s product.
Asking pertinent questions during a SWOT analysis can help you identify and address weaknesses before they tank your new business.
A business plan is a dynamic document that serves as a roadmap for establishing a new business. This document makes it simple for potential investors, financial institutions and company management to understand and absorb. Even if you intend to self-finance, a business plan can help you flesh out your idea and spot potential problems. When writing a well-rounded business plan, include the following sections:
Executive summary: The executive summary should be the first item in the business plan, but it should be written last. It describes the proposed new business and highlights the goals of the company and the methods to achieve them.
Company description: The company description covers what problems your product or service solves and why your business or idea is best. For example, maybe your background is in molecular engineering, and you’ve used that background to create a new type of athletic wear—you have the proper credentials to make the best material.
Market analysis: This section of the business plan analyzes how well a company is positioned against its competitors. The market analysis should include target market, segmentation analysis, market size, growth rate, trends and a competitive environment assessment.
Organization and structure: Write about the type of business organization you expect, what risk management strategies you propose and who will staff the management team. What are their qualifications? Will your business be a single-member limited liability company (LLC) or a corporation ?
Mission and goals: This section should contain a brief mission statement and detail what the business wishes to accomplish and the steps to get there. These goals should be SMART (specific, measurable, action-orientated, realistic and time-bound).
Products or services: This section describes how your business will operate. It includes what products you’ll offer to consumers at the beginning of the business, how they compare to existing competitors, how much your products cost, who will be responsible for creating the products, how you’ll source materials and how much they cost to make.
Background summary: This portion of the business plan is the most time-consuming to write. Compile and summarize any data, articles and research studies on trends that could positively and negatively affect your business or industry.
Marketing plan: The marketing plan identifies the characteristics of your product or service, summarizes the SWOT analysis and analyzes competitors. It also discusses how you’ll promote your business, how much money will be spent on marketing and how long the campaign is expected to last.
Financial plan: The financial plan is perhaps the core of the business plan because, without money, the business will not move forward. Include a proposed budget in your financial plan along with projected financial statements, such as an income statement, a balance sheet and a statement of cash flows. Usually, five years of projected financial statements are acceptable. This section is also where you should include your funding request if you’re looking for outside funding.
Learn more: Download our free simple business plan template .
Come Up With an Exit Strategy
An exit strategy is important for any business that is seeking funding because it outlines how you’ll sell the company or transfer ownership if you decide to retire or move on to other projects. An exit strategy also allows you to get the most value out of your business when it’s time to sell. There are a few different options for exiting a business, and the best option for you depends on your goals and circumstances.
The most common exit strategies are:
Selling the business to another party
Passing the business down to family members
Liquidating the business assets
Closing the doors and walking away
Develop a Scalable Business Model
As your small business grows, it’s important to have a scalable business model so that you can accommodate additional customers without incurring additional costs. A scalable business model is one that can be replicated easily to serve more customers without a significant increase in expenses.
Some common scalable business models are:
Subscription-based businesses
Businesses that sell digital products
Franchise businesses
Network marketing businesses
Start Planning for Taxes
One of the most important things to do when starting a small business is to start planning for taxes. Taxes can be complex, and there are several different types of taxes you may be liable for, including income tax, self-employment tax, sales tax and property tax. Depending on the type of business you’re operating, you may also be required to pay other taxes, such as payroll tax or unemployment tax.
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When structuring your business, it’s essential to consider how each structure impacts the amount of taxes you owe, daily operations and whether your personal assets are at risk.
An LLC limits your personal liability for business debts. LLCs can be owned by one or more people or companies and must include a registered agent . These owners are referred to as members.
LLCs offer liability protection for the owners
They’re one of the easiest business entities to set up
You can have a single-member LLC
You may be required to file additional paperwork with your state on a regular basis
LLCs can’t issue stock
You’ll need to pay annual filing fees to your state
Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)
An LLP is similar to an LLC but is typically used for licensed business professionals such as an attorney or accountant. These arrangements require a partnership agreement.
Partners have limited liability for the debts and actions of the LLP
LLPs are easy to form and don’t require much paperwork
There’s no limit to the number of partners in an LLP
Partners are required to actively take part in the business
LLPs can’t issue stock
All partners are personally liable for any malpractice claims against the business
Sole Proprietorship
If you start a solo business, you might consider a sole proprietorship . The company and the owner, for legal and tax purposes, are considered the same. The business owner assumes liability for the business. So, if the business fails, the owner is personally and financially responsible for all business debts.
Sole proprietorships are easy to form
There’s no need to file additional paperwork with your state
You’re in complete control of the business
You’re personally liable for all business debts
It can be difficult to raise money for a sole proprietorship
The business may have a limited lifespan
Corporation
A corporation limits your personal liability for business debts just as an LLC does. A corporation can be taxed as a C corporation (C-corp) or an S corporation (S-corp). S-corp status offers pass-through taxation to small corporations that meet certain IRS requirements. Larger companies and startups hoping to attract venture capital are usually taxed as C-corps.
Corporations offer liability protection for the owners
The life span of a corporation is not limited
A corporation can have an unlimited number of shareholders
Corporations are subject to double taxation
They’re more expensive and complicated to set up than other business structures
The shareholders may have limited liability
Before you decide on a business structure, discuss your situation with a small business accountant and possibly an attorney, as each business type has different tax treatments that could affect your bottom line.
Helpful Resources
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How To Start a 501(c)(3)
There are several legal issues to address when starting a business after choosing the business structure. The following is a good checklist of items to consider when establishing your business:
Choose Your Business Name
Make it memorable but not too difficult. Choose the same domain name, if available, to establish your internet presence. A business name cannot be the same as another registered company in your state, nor can it infringe on another trademark or service mark that is already registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
Business Name vs. DBA
There are business names, and then there are fictitious business names known as “Doing Business As” or DBA. You may need to file a DBA if you’re operating under a name that’s different from the legal name of your business. For example, “Mike’s Bike Shop” is doing business as “Mike’s Bikes.” The legal name of the business is “Mike’s Bike Shop,” and “Mike’s Bikes” is the DBA.
You may need to file a DBA with your state, county or city government offices. The benefits of a DBA include:
It can help you open a business bank account under your business name
A DBA can be used as a “trade name” to brand your products or services
A DBA can be used to get a business license
Register Your Business and Obtain an EIN
You’ll officially create a corporation, LLC or other business entity by filing forms with your state’s business agency―usually the Secretary of State. As part of this process, you’ll need to choose a registered agent to accept legal documents on behalf of your business. You’ll also pay a filing fee. The state will send you a certificate that you can use to apply for licenses, a tax identification number (TIN) and business bank accounts.
Next, apply for an employer identification number (EIN) . All businesses, other than sole proprietorships with no employees, must have a federal employer identification number. Submit your application to the IRS and you’ll typically receive your number in minutes.
Get Appropriate Licenses and Permits
Legal requirements are determined by your industry and jurisdiction. Most businesses need a mixture of local, state and federal licenses to operate. Check with your local government office (and even an attorney) for licensing information tailored to your area.
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Open a Business Bank Account
Keep your business and personal finances separate. Here’s how to choose a business checking account —and why separate business accounts are essential. When you open a business bank account, you’ll need to provide your business name and your business tax identification number (EIN). This business bank account can be used for your business transactions, such as paying suppliers or invoicing customers. Most times, a bank will require a separate business bank account to issue a business loan or line of credit.
Hire a Bookkeeper or Get Accounting Software
If you sell a product, you need an inventory function in your accounting software to manage and track inventory. The software should have ledger and journal entries and the ability to generate financial statements.
Some software programs double as bookkeeping tools. These often include features such as check writing and managing receivables and payables. You can also use this software to track your income and expenses, generate invoices, run reports and calculate taxes.
There are many bookkeeping services available that can do all of this for you, and more. These services can be accessed online from any computer or mobile device and often include features such as bank reconciliation and invoicing. Check out the best accounting software for small business, or see if you want to handle the bookkeeping yourself.
Determine Your Break-Even Point
Before you fund your business, you must get an idea of your startup costs. To determine these, make a list of all the physical supplies you need, estimate the cost of any professional services you will require, determine the price of any licenses or permits required to operate and calculate the cost of office space or other real estate. Add in the costs of payroll and benefits, if applicable.
Businesses can take years to turn a profit, so it’s better to overestimate the startup costs and have too much money than too little. Many experts recommend having enough cash on hand to cover six months of operating expenses.
When you know how much you need to get started with your business, you need to know the point at which your business makes money. This figure is your break-even point.
In contrast, the contribution margin = total sales revenue – cost to make product
For example, let’s say you’re starting a small business that sells miniature birdhouses for fairy gardens. You have determined that it will cost you $500 in startup costs. Your variable costs are $0.40 per birdhouse produced, and you sell them for $1.50 each.
Let’s write these out so it’s easy to follow:
$500 for the first month
40 cents per birdhouse
$1.50
$500/($1.50 - 40 cents)
This means that you need to sell at least 456 units just to cover your costs. If you can sell more than 456 units in your first month, you will make a profit.
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There are many different ways to fund your business—some require considerable effort, while others are easier to obtain. Two categories of funding exist: internal and external.
Internal funding includes:
Personal savings
Credit cards
Funds from friends and family
If you finance the business with your own funds or with credit cards, you have to pay the debt on the credit cards and you’ve lost a chunk of your wealth if the business fails. By allowing your family members or friends to invest in your business, you are risking hard feelings and strained relationships if the company goes under. Business owners who want to minimize these risks may consider external funding.
External funding includes:
Small business loans
Small business grants
Angel investors
Venture capital
Crowdfunding
Small businesses may have to use a combination of several sources of capital. Consider how much money is needed, how long it will take before the company can repay it and how risk-tolerant you are. No matter which source you use, plan for profit. It’s far better to take home six figures than make seven figures and only keep $80,000 of it.
Funding ideas include:
Invoice factoring: With invoice factoring , you can sell your unpaid invoices to a third party at a discount.
Business lines of credit: Apply for a business line of credit , which is similar to a personal line of credit. The credit limit and interest rate will be based on your business’s revenue, credit score and financial history.
Equipment financing: If you need to purchase expensive equipment for your business, you can finance it with a loan or lease.
Small Business Administration (SBA) microloans: Microloans are up to $50,000 loans that can be used for working capital, inventory or supplies and machinery or equipment.
Grants: The federal government offers grants for businesses that promote innovation, export growth or are located in historically disadvantaged areas. You can also find grants through local and regional organizations.
Crowdfunding: With crowdfunding , you can raise money from a large group of people by soliciting donations or selling equity in your company.
Choose the right funding source for your business by considering the amount of money you need, the time frame for repayment and your tolerance for risk.
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You need to have insurance for your business , even if it’s a home-based business or you don’t have any employees. The type of insurance you need depends on your business model and what risks you face. You might need more than one type of policy, and you might need additional coverage as your business grows. In most states, workers’ compensation insurance is required by law if you have employees.
Work With an Agent To Get Insured
An insurance agent can help determine what coverages are appropriate for your business and find policies from insurers that offer the best rates. An independent insurance agent represents several different insurers, so they can shop around for the best rates and coverage options.
Basic Types of Business Insurance Coverage
Liability insurance protects your business against third-party claims of bodily injury, property damage and personal injury such as defamation or false advertising.
Property insurance covers the physical assets of your business, including your office space, equipment and inventory.
Business interruption insurance pays for the loss of income if your business is forced to close temporarily due to a covered event such as a natural disaster.
Product liability insurance protects against claims that your products caused bodily injury or property damage.
Employee practices liability insurance covers claims from employees alleging discrimination, sexual harassment or other wrongful termination.
Workers’ compensation insurance covers medical expenses and income replacement for employees who are injured on the job.
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Business tools can help make your life easier and make your business run more smoothly. The right tools can help you save time, automate tasks and make better decisions.
Consider the following tools in your arsenal:
Accounting software : Track your business income and expenses, prepare financial statements and file taxes. Examples include QuickBooks and FreshBooks.
Customer relationship management (CRM) software : This will help you manage your customer relationships, track sales and marketing data and automate tasks like customer service and follow-ups. Examples include Zoho CRM and monday.com.
Project management software : Plan, execute and track projects. It can also be used to manage employee tasks and allocate resources. Examples include Airtable and ClickUp.
Credit card processor : This will allow you to accept credit card payments from customers. Examples include Stripe and PayPal.
Point of sale (POS) : A system that allows you to process customer payments. Some accounting software and CRM software have POS features built-in. Examples include Clover and Lightspeed.
Virtual private network (VPN) : Provides a secure, private connection between your computer and the internet. This is important for businesses that handle sensitive data. Examples include NordVPN and ExpressVPN.
Merchant services : When customers make a purchase, the money is deposited into your business account. You can also use merchant services to set up recurring billing or subscription payments. Examples include Square and Stripe.
Email hosting : This allows you to create a professional email address with your own domain name. Examples include G Suite and Microsoft Office 365.
Many business owners spend so much money creating their products that there isn’t a marketing budget by the time they’ve launched. Alternatively, they’ve spent so much time developing the product that marketing is an afterthought.
Create a Website
Even if you’re a brick-and-mortar business, a web presence is essential. Creating a website doesn’t take long, either—you can have one done in as little as a weekend. You can make a standard informational website or an e-commerce site where you sell products online. If you sell products or services offline, include a page on your site where customers can find your locations and hours. Other pages to add include an “About Us” page, product or service pages, frequently asked questions (FAQs), a blog and contact information.
Optimize Your Site for SEO
After getting a website or e-commerce store, focus on optimizing it for search engines (SEO). This way, when a potential customer searches for specific keywords for your products, the search engine can point them to your site. SEO is a long-term strategy, so don’t expect a ton of traffic from search engines initially—even if you’re using all the right keywords.
Create Relevant Content
Provide quality digital content on your site that makes it easy for customers to find the correct answers to their questions. Content marketing ideas include videos, customer testimonials, blog posts and demos. Consider content marketing one of the most critical tasks on your daily to-do list. This is used in conjunction with posting on social media.
Get Listed in Online Directories
Customers use online directories like Yelp, Google My Business and Facebook to find local businesses. Some city halls and chambers of commerce have business directories too. Include your business in as many relevant directories as possible. You can also create listings for your business on specific directories that focus on your industry.
Develop a Social Media Strategy
Your potential customers are using social media every day—you need to be there too. Post content that’s interesting and relevant to your audience. Use social media to drive traffic back to your website where customers can learn more about what you do and buy your products or services.
You don’t necessarily need to be on every social media platform available. However, you should have a presence on Facebook and Instagram because they offer e-commerce features that allow you to sell directly from your social media accounts. Both of these platforms have free ad training to help you market your business.
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To scale your business, you need to grow your customer base and revenue. This can be done by expanding your marketing efforts, improving your product or service, collaborating with other creators or adding new products or services that complement what you already offer.
Think about ways you can automate or outsource certain tasks so you can focus on scaling the business. For example, if social media marketing is taking up too much of your time, consider using a platform such as Hootsuite to help you manage your accounts more efficiently. You can also consider outsourcing the time-consumer completely.
You can also use technology to automate certain business processes, including accounting, email marketing and lead generation. Doing this will give you more time to focus on other aspects of your business.
When scaling your business, it’s important to keep an eye on your finances and make sure you’re still profitable. If you’re not making enough money to cover your costs, you need to either reduce your expenses or find ways to increase your revenue.
Build a Team
As your business grows, you’ll need to delegate tasks and put together a team of people who can help you run the day-to-day operations. This might include hiring additional staff, contractors or freelancers.
Resources for building a team include:
Hiring platforms: To find the right candidates, hiring platforms, such as Indeed and Glassdoor, can help you post job descriptions, screen résumés and conduct video interviews.
Job boards: Job boards such as Craigslist and Indeed allow you to post open positions for free.
Social media: You can also use social media platforms such as LinkedIn and Facebook to find potential employees.
Freelance platforms: Using Upwork, Freelancer and Fiverr can help you find talented freelancers for one-time or short-term projects. You can also outsource certain tasks, such as customer service, social media marketing or bookkeeping.
You might also consider partnering with other businesses in your industry. For example, if you’re a wedding planner, you could partner with a florist, photographer, catering company or venue. This way, you can offer your customers a one-stop shop for all their wedding needs. Another example is an e-commerce store that partners with a fulfillment center. This type of partnership can help you save money on shipping and storage costs, and it can also help you get your products to your customers faster.
To find potential partnerships, search for businesses in your industry that complement what you do. For example, if you’re a web designer, you could partner with a digital marketing agency.
You can also search for businesses that serve the same target market as you but offer different products or services. For example, if you sell women’s clothing, you could partner with a jewelry store or a hair salon.
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To rank the best states to start a business in 2024, Forbes Advisor analyzed 18 key metrics across five categories to determine which states are the best and worst to start a business in. Our ranking takes into consideration factors that impact businesses and their ability to succeed, such as business costs, business climate, economy, workforce and financial accessibility in each state. Check out the full report .
Starting a small business takes time, effort and perseverance. But if you’re willing to put in the work, it can be a great way to achieve your dreams and goals. Be sure to do your research, create a solid business plan and pivot along the way. Once you’re operational, don’t forget to stay focused and organized so you can continue to grow your business.
How do I start a small business with no money?
There are several funding sources for brand-new businesses and most require a business plan to secure it. These include the SBA , private grants, angel investors, crowdfunding and venture capital.
What is the best business structure?
The best business structure for your business will depend entirely on what kind of company you form, your industry and what you want to accomplish. But any successful business structure will be one that will help your company set realistic goals and follow through on set tasks.
Do I need a business credit card?
You don’t need one, but a business credit card can be helpful for new small businesses. It allows you to start building business credit, which can help you down the road when you need to take out a loan or line of credit. Additionally, business credit cards often come with rewards and perks that can save you money on business expenses.
Do I need a special license or permit to start a small business?
The answer to this question will depend on the type of business you want to start and where you’re located. Some businesses, such as restaurants, will require a special permit or license to operate. Others, such as home daycare providers, may need to register with the state.
How much does it cost to create a business?
The cost of starting a business will vary depending on the size and type of company you want to create. For example, a home-based business will be less expensive to start than a brick-and-mortar store. Additionally, the cost of starting a business will increase if you need to rent or buy commercial space, hire employees or purchase inventory. You could potentially get started for free by dropshipping or selling digital goods.
How do I get a loan for a new business?
The best way to get a loan for a new business is to approach banks or other financial institutions and provide them with a business plan and your financial history. You can also look into government-backed loans, such as those offered by the SBA. Startups may also be able to get loans from alternative lenders, including online platforms such as Kiva.
Do I need a business degree to start a business?
No, you don’t need a business degree to start a business. However, acquiring a degree in business or a related field can provide you with the understanding and ability to run an effective company. Additionally, you may want to consider taking some business courses if you don’t have a degree to learn more about starting and running a business. You can find these online and at your local Small Business Administration office.
What are some easy businesses to start?
One of the easiest businesses to start also has the lowest overhead: selling digital goods. This can include items such as e-books, online courses, audio files or software. If you have expertise in a particular area or niche, this is a great option for you. Dropshipping is also a great option because you don’t have to keep inventory. You could also buy wholesale products or create your own. Once you create your product, you can sell it through your own website or third-party platforms such as Amazon or Etsy.
What is the most profitable type of business?
There is no one answer to this question because the most profitable type of business will vary depending on a number of factors, such as your industry, location, target market and business model. However, some businesses tend to be more profitable than others, such as luxury goods, high-end services, business-to-business companies and subscription-based businesses. If you’re not sure what type of business to start, consider your strengths and interests, as well as the needs of your target market, to help you choose a profitable business idea.
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Katherine Haan is a small business owner with nearly two decades of experience helping other business owners increase their incomes.
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How to do a research project for your academic study
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Writing a research report is part of most university degrees, so it is essential you know what one is and how to write one. This guide on how to do a research project for your university degree shows you what to do at each stage, taking you from planning to finishing the project.
What is a research project?
The big question is: what is a research project? A research project for students is an extended essay that presents a question or statement for analysis and evaluation. During a research project, you will present your own ideas and research on a subject alongside analysing existing knowledge.
How to write a research report
The next section covers the research project steps necessary to producing a research paper.
Developing a research question or statement
Research project topics will vary depending on the course you study. The best research project ideas develop from areas you already have an interest in and where you have existing knowledge.
The area of study needs to be specific as it will be much easier to cover fully. If your topic is too broad, you are at risk of not having an in-depth project. You can, however, also make your topic too narrow and there will not be enough research to be done. To make sure you don’t run into either of these problems, it’s a great idea to create sub-topics and questions to ensure you are able to complete suitable research.
A research project example question would be: How will modern technologies change the way of teaching in the future?
Finding and evaluating sources
Secondary research is a large part of your research project as it makes up the literature review section. It is essential to use credible sources as failing to do so may decrease the validity of your research project.
Examples of secondary research include:
Peer-reviewed journals
Scholarly articles
Newspapers
Great places to find your sources are the University library and Google Scholar. Both will give you many opportunities to find the credible sources you need. However, you need to make sure you are evaluating whether they are fit for purpose before including them in your research project as you do not want to include out of date information.
When evaluating sources, you need to ask yourself:
Is the information provided by an expert?
How well does the source answer the research question?
What does the source contribute to its field?
Is the source valid? e.g. does it contain bias and is the information up-to-date?
It is important to ensure that you have a variety of sources in order to avoid bias. A successful research paper will present more than one point of view and the best way to do this is to not rely too heavily on just one author or publication.
Conducting research
For a research project, you will need to conduct primary research. This is the original research you will gather to further develop your research project. The most common types of primary research are interviews and surveys as these allow for many and varied results.
Examples of primary research include:
Interviews and surveys
Focus groups
Experiments
Research diaries
If you are looking to study in the UK and have an interest in bettering your research skills, The University of Sheffield is a world top 100 research university which will provide great research opportunities and resources for your project.
Research report format
Now that you understand the basics of how to write a research project, you now need to look at what goes into each section. The research project format is just as important as the research itself. Without a clear structure you will not be able to present your findings concisely.
A research paper is made up of seven sections: introduction, literature review, methodology, findings and results, discussion, conclusion, and references. You need to make sure you are including a list of correctly cited references to avoid accusations of plagiarism.
Introduction
The introduction is where you will present your hypothesis and provide context for why you are doing the project. Here you will include relevant background information, present your research aims and explain why the research is important.
Literature review
The literature review is where you will analyse and evaluate existing research within your subject area. This section is where your secondary research will be presented. A literature review is an integral part of your research project as it brings validity to your research aims.
What to include when writing your literature review:
A description of the publications
A summary of the main points
An evaluation on the contribution to the area of study
Potential flaws and gaps in the research
Methodology
The research paper methodology outlines the process of your data collection. This is where you will present your primary research. The aim of the methodology section is to answer two questions:
Why did you select the research methods you used?
How do these methods contribute towards your research hypothesis?
In this section you will not be writing about your findings, but the ways in which you are going to try and achieve them. You need to state whether your methodology will be qualitative, quantitative, or mixed.
Qualitative – first hand observations such as interviews, focus groups, case studies and questionnaires. The data collected will generally be non-numerical.
Quantitative – research that deals in numbers and logic. The data collected will focus on statistics and numerical patterns.
Mixed – includes both quantitative and qualitative research.
The methodology section should always be written in the past tense, even if you have already started your data collection.
Findings and results
In this section you will present the findings and results of your primary research. Here you will give a concise and factual summary of your findings using tables and graphs where appropriate.
Discussion
The discussion section is where you will talk about your findings in detail. Here you need to relate your results to your hypothesis, explaining what you found out and the significance of the research.
It is a good idea to talk about any areas with disappointing or surprising results and address the limitations within the research project. This will balance your project and steer you away from bias.
Some questions to consider when writing your discussion:
To what extent was the hypothesis supported?
Was your research method appropriate?
Was there unexpected data that affected your results?
To what extent was your research validated by other sources?
Conclusion
The conclusion is where you will bring your research project to a close. In this section you will not only be restating your research aims and how you achieved them, but also discussing the wider significance of your research project. You will talk about the successes and failures of the project, and how you would approach further study.
It is essential you do not bring any new ideas into your conclusion; this section is used only to summarise what you have already stated in the project.
References
As a research project is your own ideas blended with information and research from existing knowledge, you must include a list of correctly cited references. Creating a list of references will allow the reader to easily evaluate the quality of your secondary research whilst also saving you from potential plagiarism accusations.
The way in which you cite your sources will vary depending on the university standard.
If you are an international student looking to study a degree in the UK , The University of Sheffield International College has a range of pathway programmes to prepare you for university study. Undertaking a Research Project is one of the core modules for the Pre-Masters programme at The University of Sheffield International College.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the best topic for research .
It’s a good idea to choose a topic you have existing knowledge on, or one that you are interested in. This will make the research process easier; as you have an idea of where and what to look for in your sources, as well as more enjoyable as it’s a topic you want to know more about.
What should a research project include?
There are seven main sections to a research project, these are:
Introduction – the aims of the project and what you hope to achieve
Literature review – evaluating and reviewing existing knowledge on the topic
Methodology – the methods you will use for your primary research
Findings and results – presenting the data from your primary research
Discussion – summarising and analysing your research and what you have found out
Conclusion – how the project went (successes and failures), areas for future study
List of references – correctly cited sources that have been used throughout the project.
How long is a research project?
The length of a research project will depend on the level study and the nature of the subject. There is no one length for research papers, however the average dissertation style essay can be anywhere from 4,000 to 15,000+ words.
Introducing Microsoft 365 Copilot – your copilot for work
Mar 16, 2023 | Jared Spataro - CVP, AI at Work
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Humans are hard-wired to dream, to create, to innovate. Each of us seeks to do work that gives us purpose — to write a great novel, to make a discovery, to build strong communities, to care for the sick. The urge to connect to the core of our work lives in all of us. But today, we spend too much time consumed by the drudgery of work on tasks that zap our time, creativity and energy. To reconnect to the soul of our work, we don’t just need a better way of doing the same things. We need a whole new way to work.
Today, we are bringing the power of next-generation AI to work. Introducing Microsoft 365 Copilot — your copilot for work . It combines the power of large language models (LLMs) with your data in the Microsoft Graph and the Microsoft 365 apps to turn your words into the most powerful productivity tool on the planet.
“Today marks the next major step in the evolution of how we interact with computing, which will fundamentally change the way we work and unlock a new wave of productivity growth,” said Satya Nadella, Chairman and CEO, Microsoft. “With our new copilot for work, we’re giving people more agency and making technology more accessible through the most universal interface — natural language.”
Copilot is integrated into Microsoft 365 in two ways. It works alongside you, embedded in the Microsoft 365 apps you use every day — Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams and more — to unleash creativity, unlock productivity and uplevel skills. Today we’re also announcing an entirely new experience: Business Chat . Business Chat works across the LLM, the Microsoft 365 apps, and your data — your calendar, emails, chats, documents, meetings and contacts — to do things you’ve never been able to do before. You can give it natural language prompts like “Tell my team how we updated the product strategy,” and it will generate a status update based on the morning’s meetings, emails and chat threads.
With Copilot, you’re always in control. You decide what to keep, modify or discard. Now, you can be more creative in Word, more analytical in Excel, more expressive in PowerPoint, more productive in Outlook and more collaborative in Teams.
Microsoft 365 Copilot transforms work in three ways:
Unleash creativity. With Copilot in Word, you can jump-start the creative process so you never start with a blank slate again. Copilot gives you a first draft to edit and iterate on — saving hours in writing, sourcing, and editing time. Sometimes Copilot will be right, other times usefully wrong — but it will always put you further ahead. You’re always in control as the author, driving your unique ideas forward, prompting Copilot to shorten, rewrite or give feedback. Copilot in PowerPoint helps you create beautiful presentations with a simple prompt, adding relevant content from a document you made last week or last year. And with Copilot in Excel, you can analyze trends and create professional-looking data visualizations in seconds.
Unlock productivity. We all want to focus on the 20% of our work that really matters, but 80% of our time is consumed with busywork that bogs us down. Copilot lightens the load. From summarizing long email threads to quickly drafting suggested replies, Copilot in Outlook helps you clear your inbox in minutes, not hours. And every meeting is a productive meeting with Copilot in Teams. It can summarize key discussion points — including who said what and where people are aligned and where they disagree — and suggest action items, all in real time during a meeting. And with Copilot in Power Platform, anyone can automate repetitive tasks, create chatbots and go from idea to working app in minutes.
GitHub data shows that Copilot promises to unlock productivity for everyone. Among developers who use GitHub Copilot, 88% say they are more productive, 74% say that they can focus on more satisfying work, and 77% say it helps them spend less time searching for information or examples.
But Copilot doesn’t just supercharge individual productivity. It creates a new knowledge model for every organization — harnessing the massive reservoir of data and insights that lies largely inaccessible and untapped today. Business Chat works across all your business data and apps to surface the information and insights you need from a sea of data — so knowledge flows freely across the organization, saving you valuable time searching for answers. You will be able to access Business Chat from Microsoft 365.com, from Bing when you’re signed in with your work account, or from Teams.
Uplevel skills. Copilot makes you better at what you’re good at and lets you quickly master what you’ve yet to learn. The average person uses only a handful of commands — such as “animate a slide” or “insert a table” — from the thousands available across Microsoft 365. Now, all that rich functionality is unlocked using just natural language. And this is only the beginning.
Copilot will fundamentally change how people work with AI and how AI works with people. As with any new pattern of work, there’s a learning curve — but those who embrace this new way of working will quickly gain an edge.
The Copilot System: Enterprise-ready AI
Microsoft is uniquely positioned to deliver enterprise-ready AI with the Copilot System . Copilot is more than OpenAI’s ChatGPT embedded into Microsoft 365. It’s a sophisticated processing and orchestration engine working behind the scenes to combine the power of LLMs, including GPT-4, with the Microsoft 365 apps and your business data in the Microsoft Graph — now accessible to everyone through natural language.
Grounded in your business data. AI-powered LLMs are trained on a large but limited corpus of data. The key to unlocking productivity in business lies in connecting LLMs to your business data — in a secure, compliant, privacy-preserving way. Microsoft 365 Copilot has real-time access to both your content and context in the Microsoft Graph. This means it generates answers anchored in your business content — your documents, emails, calendar, chats, meetings, contacts and other business data — and combines them with your working context — the meeting you’re in now, the email exchanges you’ve had on a topic, the chat conversations you had last week — to deliver accurate, relevant, contextual responses.
Built on Microsoft’s comprehensive approach to security, compliance and privacy. Copilot is integrated into Microsoft 365 and automatically inherits all your company’s valuable security, compliance, and privacy policies and processes. Two-factor authentication, compliance boundaries, privacy protections, and more make Copilot the AI solution you can trust.
Architected to protect tenant, group and individual data. We know data leakage is a concern for customers. Copilot LLMs are not trained on your tenant data or your prompts. Within your tenant, our time-tested permissioning model ensures that data won’t leak across user groups. And on an individual level, Copilot presents only data you can access using the same technology that we’ve been using for years to secure customer data.
Integrated into the apps millions use every day. Microsoft 365 Copilot is integrated in the productivity apps millions of people use and rely on every day for work and life — Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams and more. An intuitive and consistent user experience ensures it looks, feels and behaves the same way in Teams as it does in Outlook, with a shared design language for prompts, refinements and commands.
Designed to learn new skills. Microsoft 365 Copilot’s foundational skills are a game changer for productivity: It can already create, summarize, analyze, collaborate and automate using your specific business content and context. But it doesn’t stop there. Copilot knows how to command apps (e.g., “animate this slide”) and work across apps, translating a Word document into a PowerPoint presentation. And Copilot is designed to learn new skills. For example, with Viva Sales, Copilot can learn how to connect to CRM systems of record to pull customer data — like interaction and order histories — into communications. As Copilot learns about new domains and processes, it will be able to perform even more sophisticated tasks and queries.
Committed to building responsibly
At Microsoft, we are guided by our AI principles and Responsible AI Standard and decades of research on AI, grounding and privacy-preserving machine learning. A multidisciplinary team of researchers, engineers and policy experts reviews our AI systems for potential harms and mitigations — refining training data, filtering to limit harmful content, query- and result-blocking sensitive topics, and applying Microsoft technologies like InterpretML and Fairlearn to help detect and correct data bias. We make it clear how the system makes decisions by noting limitations, linking to sources, and prompting users to review, fact-check and adjust content based on subject-matter expertise.
Moving boldly as we learn
In the months ahead, we’re bringing Copilot to all our productivity apps—Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams, Viva, Power Platform, and more. We’ll share more on pricing and licensing soon. Earlier this month we announced Dynamics 365 Copilot as the world’s first AI Copilot in both CRM and ERP to bring the next-generation AI to every line of business.
Everyone deserves to find purpose and meaning in their work — and Microsoft 365 Copilot can help. To serve the unmet needs of our customers, we must move quickly and responsibly, learning as we go. We’re testing Copilot with a small group of customers to get feedback and improve our models as we scale, and we will expand to more soon.
Learn more on the Microsoft 365 blog and visit WorkLab to get expert insights on how AI will create a brighter future of work for everyone.
And for all the blogs, videos and assets related to today’s announcements, please visit our microsite .
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100 Interesting Research Paper Topics for High Schoolers
What’s covered:, how to pick the right research topic, elements of a strong research paper.
Interesting Research Paper Topics
Composing a research paper can be a daunting task for first-time writers. In addition to making sure you’re using concise language and your thoughts are organized clearly, you need to find a topic that draws the reader in.
CollegeVine is here to help you brainstorm creative topics! Below are 100 interesting research paper topics that will help you engage with your project and keep you motivated until you’ve typed the final period.
A research paper is similar to an academic essay but more lengthy and requires more research. This added length and depth is bittersweet: although a research paper is more work, you can create a more nuanced argument, and learn more about your topic. Research papers are a demonstration of your research ability and your ability to formulate a convincing argument. How well you’re able to engage with the sources and make original contributions will determine the strength of your paper.
You can’t have a good research paper without a good research paper topic. “Good” is subjective, and different students will find different topics interesting. What’s important is that you find a topic that makes you want to find out more and make a convincing argument. Maybe you’ll be so interested that you’ll want to take it further and investigate some detail in even greater depth!
For example, last year over 4000 students applied for 500 spots in the Lumiere Research Scholar Program , a rigorous research program founded by Harvard researchers. The program pairs high-school students with Ph.D. mentors to work 1-on-1 on an independent research project . The program actually does not require you to have a research topic in mind when you apply, but pro tip: the more specific you can be the more likely you are to get in!
Introduction
The introduction to a research paper serves two critical functions: it conveys the topic of the paper and illustrates how you will address it. A strong introduction will also pique the interest of the reader and make them excited to read more. Selecting a research paper topic that is meaningful, interesting, and fascinates you is an excellent first step toward creating an engaging paper that people will want to read.
Thesis Statement
A thesis statement is technically part of the introduction—generally the last sentence of it—but is so important that it merits a section of its own. The thesis statement is a declarative sentence that tells the reader what the paper is about. A strong thesis statement serves three purposes: present the topic of the paper, deliver a clear opinion on the topic, and summarize the points the paper will cover.
An example of a good thesis statement of diversity in the workforce is:
Diversity in the workplace is not just a moral imperative but also a strategic advantage for businesses, as it fosters innovation, enhances creativity, improves decision-making, and enables companies to better understand and connect with a diverse customer base.
The body is the largest section of a research paper. It’s here where you support your thesis, present your facts and research, and persuade the reader.
Each paragraph in the body of a research paper should have its own idea. The idea is presented, generally in the first sentence of the paragraph, by a topic sentence. The topic sentence acts similarly to the thesis statement, only on a smaller scale, and every sentence in the paragraph with it supports the idea it conveys.
An example of a topic sentence on how diversity in the workplace fosters innovation is:
Diversity in the workplace fosters innovation by bringing together individuals with different backgrounds, perspectives, and experiences, which stimulates creativity, encourages new ideas, and leads to the development of innovative solutions to complex problems.
The body of an engaging research paper flows smoothly from one idea to the next. Create an outline before writing and order your ideas so that each idea logically leads to another.
The conclusion of a research paper should summarize your thesis and reinforce your argument. It’s common to restate the thesis in the conclusion of a research paper.
For example, a conclusion for a paper about diversity in the workforce is:
In conclusion, diversity in the workplace is vital to success in the modern business world. By embracing diversity, companies can tap into the full potential of their workforce, promote creativity and innovation, and better connect with a diverse customer base, ultimately leading to greater success and a more prosperous future for all.
Reference Page
The reference page is normally found at the end of a research paper. It provides proof that you did research using credible sources, properly credits the originators of information, and prevents plagiarism.
There are a number of different formats of reference pages, including APA, MLA, and Chicago. Make sure to format your reference page in your teacher’s preferred style.
Analyze the benefits of diversity in education.
Are charter schools useful for the national education system?
How has modern technology changed teaching?
Discuss the pros and cons of standardized testing.
What are the benefits of a gap year between high school and college?
What funding allocations give the most benefit to students?
Does homeschooling set students up for success?
Should universities/high schools require students to be vaccinated?
What effect does rising college tuition have on high schoolers?
Do students perform better in same-sex schools?
Discuss and analyze the impacts of a famous musician on pop music.
How has pop music evolved over the past decade?
How has the portrayal of women in music changed in the media over the past decade?
How does a synthesizer work?
How has music evolved to feature different instruments/voices?
How has sound effect technology changed the music industry?
Analyze the benefits of music education in high schools.
Are rehabilitation centers more effective than prisons?
Are congestion taxes useful?
Does affirmative action help minorities?
Can a capitalist system effectively reduce inequality?
Is a three-branch government system effective?
What causes polarization in today’s politics?
Is the U.S. government racially unbiased?
Choose a historical invention and discuss its impact on society today.
Choose a famous historical leader who lost power—what led to their eventual downfall?
How has your country evolved over the past century?
What historical event has had the largest effect on the U.S.?
Has the government’s response to national disasters improved or declined throughout history?
Discuss the history of the American occupation of Iraq.
Explain the history of the Israel-Palestine conflict.
Is literature relevant in modern society?
Discuss how fiction can be used for propaganda.
How does literature teach and inform about society?
Explain the influence of children’s literature on adulthood.
How has literature addressed homosexuality?
Does the media portray minorities realistically?
Does the media reinforce stereotypes?
Why have podcasts become so popular?
Will streaming end traditional television?
What is a patriot?
What are the pros and cons of global citizenship?
What are the causes and effects of bullying?
Why has the divorce rate in the U.S. been declining in recent years?
Is it more important to follow social norms or religion?
What are the responsible limits on abortion, if any?
How does an MRI machine work?
Would the U.S. benefit from socialized healthcare?
Elderly populations
The education system
State tax bases
How do anti-vaxxers affect the health of the country?
Analyze the costs and benefits of diet culture.
Should companies allow employees to exercise on company time?
What is an adequate amount of exercise for an adult per week/per month/per day?
Discuss the effects of the obesity epidemic on American society.
Are students smarter since the advent of the internet?
What departures has the internet made from its original design?
Has digital downloading helped the music industry?
Discuss the benefits and costs of stricter internet censorship.
Analyze the effects of the internet on the paper news industry.
What would happen if the internet went out?
How will artificial intelligence (AI) change our lives?
What are the pros and cons of cryptocurrency?
How has social media affected the way people relate with each other?
Should social media have an age restriction?
Discuss the importance of source software.
What is more relevant in today’s world: mobile apps or websites?
How will fully autonomous vehicles change our lives?
How is text messaging affecting teen literacy?
Mental Health
What are the benefits of daily exercise?
How has social media affected people’s mental health?
What things contribute to poor mental and physical health?
Analyze how mental health is talked about in pop culture.
Discuss the pros and cons of more counselors in high schools.
How does stress affect the body?
How do emotional support animals help people?
What are black holes?
Discuss the biggest successes and failures of the EPA.
How has the Flint water crisis affected life in Michigan?
Can science help save endangered species?
Is the development of an anti-cancer vaccine possible?
Environment
What are the effects of deforestation on climate change?
Is climate change reversible?
How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect global warming and climate change?
Are carbon credits effective for offsetting emissions or just marketing?
Is nuclear power a safe alternative to fossil fuels?
Are hybrid vehicles helping to control pollution in the atmosphere?
How is plastic waste harming the environment?
Is entrepreneurism a trait people are born with or something they learn?
How much more should CEOs make than their average employee?
Can you start a business without money?
Should the U.S. raise the minimum wage?
Discuss how happy employees benefit businesses.
How important is branding for a business?
Discuss the ease, or difficulty, of landing a job today.
What is the economic impact of sporting events?
Are professional athletes overpaid?
Should male and female athletes receive equal pay?
What is a fair and equitable way for transgender athletes to compete in high school sports?
What are the benefits of playing team sports?
What is the most corrupt professional sport?
Where to Get More Research Paper Topic Ideas
If you need more help brainstorming topics, especially those that are personalized to your interests, you can use CollegeVine’s free AI tutor, Ivy . Ivy can help you come up with original research topic ideas, and she can also help with the rest of your homework, from math to languages.
Disclaimer: This post includes content sponsored by Lumiere Education.
22. Investigatory projects: Biology class XI and XII with examples of two very easy bio. projects
Project Work , Idea for the students of class 11/12. Nepal
English project file class 11 topic childhood , index ,about poet ,poetic devices
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Find out more about the subjects on offer, assessment strategies, and professional learning opportunities. Teaching the SACE
How to ace the Research Project in SACE
Unlike your other SACE stage 2 subjects being 20 credits, the research project is a 10-credit SACE subject you will either complete in year 11 or 12 depending on which high school you attend. The subject consists of three parts: the folio, outcome, and review for research project A or the evaluation if you are undertaking research project B.
Examples of Student Research Projects
Research Proposals including Research Plans ; Coming Up With a Research Question; Getting Ethics Approval; Struggling with a Literature Review; Qualitative, Quantitative or Mixed-Methods ; Data Collection; Working with Primary Data ; Using the Internet for Research; Data Management; Writing Up Your Research ; Preparing for the Research Project
How to Write a Research Proposal
Research proposal examples. Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We've included a few for you below. Example research proposal #1: "A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management".
Year 11
For Research Project A, students can choose to present their external assessment in written, oral, or multimodal form. For Research Project B, the external assessment must be written. The following assessment types enable students to demonstrate their learning in Stage 2 Research Project A and B: School Assessment (70%) Assessment Type 1: Folio ...
Students and families FAQs
Year 10; Stage 1 (Year 11) Stage 2 (Year 12) Adult entry; Interstate and overseas students; Planning beyond SACE; Student stories. 2022; 2021; 2020; 2019; 2018; Subjects. ... Your Research Project, for example, could be scientific, artistic, sporting or historical. It could be a subject-based, discipline-based, or community-based project, or ...
Resources
Quick facts about the Research Project. It is a compulsory SACE subject. It is worth 10 credits. Students need to achieve a C- grade or higher to gain their SACE. It is mostly undertaken by students in Year 12. A research project can be scientific, artistic, sporting, or historical; it can be a community-based project, or any number of other ...
Year 11
Year 11 - Research Project. Length: Single Semester (10 Stage 2 credits) Contact: SACE Leader. ALL students must complete the 10-credit Research Project at Stage 2 of the SACE, with a C− grade or better. Course Description. Students will: Choose a topic of interest and develop a research question. Learn and apply research processes and the ...
PDF Research Project Workbook & Guide
F Look at the next two pages and see what Research Project A and Research Project B ask you to do. DISCUSS Discuss the differences between Research Project A and Research Project B with your teacher/mentor. DECIDE Make a decision then go to the front cover of this book and select Research Project A or Research Project B.
Research Project Folio
10 Pages • Essays / Projects • Year: Pre-2021. 10 pages of folio for research project B including proposal and analysis of secondary sources. I Received an A+ for this work
PDF Research project guide
Your performance in the Research Project may influence your ATAR at the end of Year 12. There are 3 components - folio, outcome and review or evaluation. Opportunity for you to study a topic not offered in SACE or at your school. Develop independent research skills. Showcase your skills in an area you're passionate about.
Overview
In the Research Project, you will have the opportunity to study an area of interest in depth. It will require you to use your creativity and initiative, while developing the research and presentation skills you will need in further study or work. Welcome to your Research Project. Key documents. 2023 Research Project Subject Assessment Advice.docx.
The Ultimate Guide to the Year 11 English Extension Syllabus
NESA has set firmer rules about how schools can assess you in Year 11 English Extension: There should be THREE assessment tasks set in Year 11. Each task can only weigh between 20-40%. Schools can only set ONE formal exam during the year. The Research Project Presentation has a maximum weighting of 40%.
Research Project Year 11 topic options?
I made a lot of notes but here they are: Topic 1: Genetic Engineering. Question/proposals: "What are the effects of Genetic Modified plants on non-GM plants on the environment". "How has public opinion changed on Genetic Engineering between 1950's and 2010". "The life span of a genetically modified tomato".
Research Project
Research Project + 50 Documents. Only show type: Both Essays / Projects Study Notes. Both Essays / Projects Study Notes. Display a year: All Year 11 Year 12. All Year 11 Year 12. Displaying All Results Sort By: Most Recent; Most Helpful; View Previous • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ...
APA Sample Paper
Media Files: APA Sample Student Paper , APA Sample Professional Paper This resource is enhanced by Acrobat PDF files. Download the free Acrobat Reader. Note: The APA Publication Manual, 7 th Edition specifies different formatting conventions for student and professional papers (i.e., papers written for credit in a course and papers intended for scholarly publication).
Research outcome
RPB A+ Research Outcome: Vibrant City [PDF 6.1MB] (7 April 2016) RPB A+ Research Outcome: Architecture of Adelaide Remand Centre [PDF 2.3MB] RPB A Research Outcome: Economic growth in Shanghai [PDF 3.3MB] RPB A- Research Outcome: NT fireworks [PDF 3.7MB] RPB A- Research Outcome: Travel guide [PDF 4MB]
The Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project. The Human Genome Project (HGP) is one of the greatest scientific feats in history. The project was a voyage of biological discovery led by an international group of researchers looking to comprehensively study all of the DNA (known as a genome) of a select set of organisms. Launched in October 1990 and completed in ...
Internet & Technology
Research and data on Internet & Technology from Pew Research Center Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World ... short reads Mar 11, 2024. 5 facts about Americans and sports. ... Two-thirds of parents in the U.S. say parenting is harder today than it was 20 years ago, with many citing technologies - like social media or smartphones - as ...
Research Project folio
Studying from past student work is an amazing way to learn and research, however you must always act with academic integrity. This document is the prior work of another student. Thinkswap has partnered with Turnitin to ensure students cannot copy directly from our resources. Understand how to responsibly use this work by visiting 'Using ...
CHIPS for America
CHIPS for America encompasses two offices responsible for implementing the law: The CHIPS Research and Development Office is investing $11 billion into developing a robust domestic R&D ecosystem, while the CHIPS Program Office is dedicating $39 billion to provide incentives for investment in facilities and equipment in the United States.
How To Start A Business In 11 Steps (2024 Guide)
The best way to accomplish any business or personal goal is to write out every possible step it takes to achieve the goal. Then, order those steps by what needs to happen first. Some steps may ...
How to do a research project for your academic study
Methodology - the methods you will use for your primary research. Findings and results - presenting the data from your primary research. Discussion - summarising and analysing your research and what you have found out. Conclusion - how the project went (successes and failures), areas for future study.
Research Project
Studying Research Project - Year 11? SACE - South Australian Certificate of Education students can access notes, past essays, summaries and more. Sign up free.
Introducing Microsoft 365 Copilot
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Evaluation Exemplar
Studying from past student work is an amazing way to learn and research, however you must always act with academic integrity. This document is the prior work of another student. Thinkswap has partnered with Turnitin to ensure students cannot copy directly from our resources. Understand how to responsibly use this work by visiting 'Using ...
100 Interesting Research Paper Topics for High Schoolers
For example, last year over 4000 students applied for 500 spots in the Lumiere Research Scholar Program, a rigorous research program founded by Harvard researchers. The program pairs high-school students with Ph.D. mentors to work 1-on-1 on an independent research project. The program actually does not require you to have a research topic in ...
Research Project Outcome
1 Found helpful • 6 Pages • Essays / Projects • Year: Pre-2021. This document is my Research Project outcome, for which I obtained an A+. My Research Project question was: What effect does the study of languages have on intelligence and cognitive ability, as well as on career opportunities and understanding of various cultures?
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
Find out more about the subjects on offer, assessment strategies, and professional learning opportunities. Teaching the SACE
Unlike your other SACE stage 2 subjects being 20 credits, the research project is a 10-credit SACE subject you will either complete in year 11 or 12 depending on which high school you attend. The subject consists of three parts: the folio, outcome, and review for research project A or the evaluation if you are undertaking research project B.
Research Proposals including Research Plans ; Coming Up With a Research Question; Getting Ethics Approval; Struggling with a Literature Review; Qualitative, Quantitative or Mixed-Methods ; Data Collection; Working with Primary Data ; Using the Internet for Research; Data Management; Writing Up Your Research ; Preparing for the Research Project
Research proposal examples. Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We've included a few for you below. Example research proposal #1: "A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management".
For Research Project A, students can choose to present their external assessment in written, oral, or multimodal form. For Research Project B, the external assessment must be written. The following assessment types enable students to demonstrate their learning in Stage 2 Research Project A and B: School Assessment (70%) Assessment Type 1: Folio ...
Year 10; Stage 1 (Year 11) Stage 2 (Year 12) Adult entry; Interstate and overseas students; Planning beyond SACE; Student stories. 2022; 2021; 2020; 2019; 2018; Subjects. ... Your Research Project, for example, could be scientific, artistic, sporting or historical. It could be a subject-based, discipline-based, or community-based project, or ...
Quick facts about the Research Project. It is a compulsory SACE subject. It is worth 10 credits. Students need to achieve a C- grade or higher to gain their SACE. It is mostly undertaken by students in Year 12. A research project can be scientific, artistic, sporting, or historical; it can be a community-based project, or any number of other ...
Year 11 - Research Project. Length: Single Semester (10 Stage 2 credits) Contact: SACE Leader. ALL students must complete the 10-credit Research Project at Stage 2 of the SACE, with a C− grade or better. Course Description. Students will: Choose a topic of interest and develop a research question. Learn and apply research processes and the ...
F Look at the next two pages and see what Research Project A and Research Project B ask you to do. DISCUSS Discuss the differences between Research Project A and Research Project B with your teacher/mentor. DECIDE Make a decision then go to the front cover of this book and select Research Project A or Research Project B.
10 Pages • Essays / Projects • Year: Pre-2021. 10 pages of folio for research project B including proposal and analysis of secondary sources. I Received an A+ for this work
Your performance in the Research Project may influence your ATAR at the end of Year 12. There are 3 components - folio, outcome and review or evaluation. Opportunity for you to study a topic not offered in SACE or at your school. Develop independent research skills. Showcase your skills in an area you're passionate about.
In the Research Project, you will have the opportunity to study an area of interest in depth. It will require you to use your creativity and initiative, while developing the research and presentation skills you will need in further study or work. Welcome to your Research Project. Key documents. 2023 Research Project Subject Assessment Advice.docx.
NESA has set firmer rules about how schools can assess you in Year 11 English Extension: There should be THREE assessment tasks set in Year 11. Each task can only weigh between 20-40%. Schools can only set ONE formal exam during the year. The Research Project Presentation has a maximum weighting of 40%.
I made a lot of notes but here they are: Topic 1: Genetic Engineering. Question/proposals: "What are the effects of Genetic Modified plants on non-GM plants on the environment". "How has public opinion changed on Genetic Engineering between 1950's and 2010". "The life span of a genetically modified tomato".
Research Project + 50 Documents. Only show type: Both Essays / Projects Study Notes. Both Essays / Projects Study Notes. Display a year: All Year 11 Year 12. All Year 11 Year 12. Displaying All Results Sort By: Most Recent; Most Helpful; View Previous • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ...
Media Files: APA Sample Student Paper , APA Sample Professional Paper This resource is enhanced by Acrobat PDF files. Download the free Acrobat Reader. Note: The APA Publication Manual, 7 th Edition specifies different formatting conventions for student and professional papers (i.e., papers written for credit in a course and papers intended for scholarly publication).
RPB A+ Research Outcome: Vibrant City [PDF 6.1MB] (7 April 2016) RPB A+ Research Outcome: Architecture of Adelaide Remand Centre [PDF 2.3MB] RPB A Research Outcome: Economic growth in Shanghai [PDF 3.3MB] RPB A- Research Outcome: NT fireworks [PDF 3.7MB] RPB A- Research Outcome: Travel guide [PDF 4MB]
The Human Genome Project. The Human Genome Project (HGP) is one of the greatest scientific feats in history. The project was a voyage of biological discovery led by an international group of researchers looking to comprehensively study all of the DNA (known as a genome) of a select set of organisms. Launched in October 1990 and completed in ...
Research and data on Internet & Technology from Pew Research Center Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World ... short reads Mar 11, 2024. 5 facts about Americans and sports. ... Two-thirds of parents in the U.S. say parenting is harder today than it was 20 years ago, with many citing technologies - like social media or smartphones - as ...
Studying from past student work is an amazing way to learn and research, however you must always act with academic integrity. This document is the prior work of another student. Thinkswap has partnered with Turnitin to ensure students cannot copy directly from our resources. Understand how to responsibly use this work by visiting 'Using ...
CHIPS for America encompasses two offices responsible for implementing the law: The CHIPS Research and Development Office is investing $11 billion into developing a robust domestic R&D ecosystem, while the CHIPS Program Office is dedicating $39 billion to provide incentives for investment in facilities and equipment in the United States.
The best way to accomplish any business or personal goal is to write out every possible step it takes to achieve the goal. Then, order those steps by what needs to happen first. Some steps may ...
Methodology - the methods you will use for your primary research. Findings and results - presenting the data from your primary research. Discussion - summarising and analysing your research and what you have found out. Conclusion - how the project went (successes and failures), areas for future study.
Studying Research Project - Year 11? SACE - South Australian Certificate of Education students can access notes, past essays, summaries and more. Sign up free.
Copilot is integrated into Microsoft 365 in two ways. It works alongside you, embedded in the Microsoft 365 apps you use every day — Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams and more — to unleash creativity, unlock productivity and uplevel skills. Today we're also announcing an entirely new experience: Business Chat.
Studying from past student work is an amazing way to learn and research, however you must always act with academic integrity. This document is the prior work of another student. Thinkswap has partnered with Turnitin to ensure students cannot copy directly from our resources. Understand how to responsibly use this work by visiting 'Using ...
For example, last year over 4000 students applied for 500 spots in the Lumiere Research Scholar Program, a rigorous research program founded by Harvard researchers. The program pairs high-school students with Ph.D. mentors to work 1-on-1 on an independent research project. The program actually does not require you to have a research topic in ...
1 Found helpful • 6 Pages • Essays / Projects • Year: Pre-2021. This document is my Research Project outcome, for which I obtained an A+. My Research Project question was: What effect does the study of languages have on intelligence and cognitive ability, as well as on career opportunities and understanding of various cultures?