research project 1998

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Goddard institute for space studies, goddard space flight center sciences and exploration directorate earth sciences division.

Project Plans

Project plans: 1998.

This year people are talking about the weather, here in New York City and in other parts of the world. El Niño is becoming a part of our vocabulary, blamed as the culprit for nearly every weather extreme, sudden and erratic weather changes, catastrophic storms, spring-like weather in winter, and shortages of strawberries. There was even a meeting held at the White House with weather forecasters to discuss how weather is communicated to the public.

Beyond the obvious and immediate impact this year's weather has had on our daily lives, the other part to this short story is the story of Earth's climate. This story is complex with new chapters constantly being written and old ones revised to reflect the state of our understanding of past, present and future weather and climate. One can find people from every academic discipline who contribute. This list includes poets, writers, scientists, mathematicians, educators, policy-makers, historians, computer scientists, architects, economists, business people and journalists.

ICP students, educators and scientists are all contributors to this story by working together on research projects we aim to enrich what is known about climate. Results from our summer research are expected to enhance many chapters, adding new insights into our understanding of the physical, chemical and biological processes underlying important areas of interest such as storms, clouds, water resources, aerosols, methane, oceans, pollen, energy and agriculture. The interdisciplinary nature of this research allows participants to use their talents in math, science, technology, English, and social studies, as well as to develop them through teamwork.

Also related to ICP research projects is the potential knowledge we will gain about one of the most controversial scientific and political climate debates dealing with the impact of human activities versus natural climate fluctuations. Several of our research projects focus on calculating the statistical significance of changes in strong climate forcings, such as the ocean phenomenon of El Niño and the North Atlantic Oscillation and atmospheric gas concentrations of methane and aerosols. The emphasis on mathematical calculations and scientific reasoning to explain climate impacts allows us to deal with the important relationships between ICP science and society with the kind of objectivity that is required by scientists.

In 1990, the AAA's National Council on Science and Technology Education stated that "the world depends largely on the wisdom with which humans use science and technology." It is our hope that ICP students, educators and scientists will continue to evaluate and refine ICP's role in developing students' scientific and technical talents, and to implement these educational strategies in a growing number of science classes.

1998 Projects

• Validation of the GISS General Circulation Model SI97 Version
• Evaluation of the Trenberth Mechanism for Displacement of the Jet Stream Pattern During ENSO Events and the Ensuing Weather Anomalies
• Trends in Tropospheric Aerosol Forcing 1950-1990
• Clouds Over Storm Lifecycles
• Global Methane Inventory
• Climate Change in the Northeastern United States and Caribbean: Implications for Energy and Water Resources
• The Manhattan Pollen Signature and Its Relationship to Weather
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New goals for the U.S. Human Genome Project: 1998-2003

Research output : Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

The Human Genome Project has successfully completed all the major goals in its current 5-year plan, covering the period 1993-98. A new plan, for 1998-2003, is presented, in which human DNA sequencing will be the major emphasis. An ambitious schedule has been set to complete the full sequence by the end of 2003, 2 years ahead of previous projections. In the course of completing the sequence, a 'working draft' of the human sequence will be produced by the end of 2001. The plan also includes goals for sequencing technology development; for studying human genome sequence variation; for developing technology for functional genomics; for completing the sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster and starting the mouse genome; for studying the ethical, legal, and social implications of genome research; for bioinformatics and computational studies; and for training of genome scientists.

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• 10.1126/science.282.5389.682

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• Link to the citations in Scopus

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• Human Genome Project Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
• Genome Medicine & Life Sciences 48%
• Industrial Development Medicine & Life Sciences 32%
• Caenorhabditis elegans Medicine & Life Sciences 26%
• Drosophila melanogaster Medicine & Life Sciences 26%
• Human Genome Medicine & Life Sciences 25%
• Genomics Medicine & Life Sciences 24%
• DNA Sequence Analysis Medicine & Life Sciences 23%

T1 - New goals for the U.S. Human Genome Project

T2 - 1998-2003

AU - Collins, Francis S.

AU - Patrinos, Ari

AU - Jordan, Elke

AU - Chakravarti, Aravinda

AU - Gesteland, Raymond

AU - Walters, Le Roy

PY - 1998/10/23

Y1 - 1998/10/23

N2 - The Human Genome Project has successfully completed all the major goals in its current 5-year plan, covering the period 1993-98. A new plan, for 1998-2003, is presented, in which human DNA sequencing will be the major emphasis. An ambitious schedule has been set to complete the full sequence by the end of 2003, 2 years ahead of previous projections. In the course of completing the sequence, a 'working draft' of the human sequence will be produced by the end of 2001. The plan also includes goals for sequencing technology development; for studying human genome sequence variation; for developing technology for functional genomics; for completing the sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster and starting the mouse genome; for studying the ethical, legal, and social implications of genome research; for bioinformatics and computational studies; and for training of genome scientists.

AB - The Human Genome Project has successfully completed all the major goals in its current 5-year plan, covering the period 1993-98. A new plan, for 1998-2003, is presented, in which human DNA sequencing will be the major emphasis. An ambitious schedule has been set to complete the full sequence by the end of 2003, 2 years ahead of previous projections. In the course of completing the sequence, a 'working draft' of the human sequence will be produced by the end of 2001. The plan also includes goals for sequencing technology development; for studying human genome sequence variation; for developing technology for functional genomics; for completing the sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster and starting the mouse genome; for studying the ethical, legal, and social implications of genome research; for bioinformatics and computational studies; and for training of genome scientists.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0032561249&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0032561249&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1126/science.282.5389.682

DO - 10.1126/science.282.5389.682

M3 - Review article

C2 - 9784121

AN - SCOPUS:0032561249

SN - 0036-8075

JO - Science

JF - Science

Human Genome Project

Completed in 2003, the Human Genome Project (HGP) was a 13-year project coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Institutes of Health. During the early years of the HGP, the Wellcome Trust (U.K.) became a major partner; additional contributions came from Japan, France, Germany, China, and others. This website details HGP history.

Explore the Project's History

HGP Goals +

Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues +

Florida Sea Grant Research Projects 1998-2000

• NOAA Program & Office: Sea Grant ; OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) Sea Grant ; OAR (Oceanic and Atmospheric Research) Less -
• Sea Grant Program: FLSGP (Florida Sea Grant)
• Sea Grant Document Number: FLSGP-Q-98-004
• Document Type: Program & Policy Document
• Rights Information: Public Domain
• Compliance: Library
• Main Document Checksum: [+] urn:sha256:ae93f5220b1a2e5dabd9cac4ea757815d9288b472e5bd45a064c3c5e54bbf477
• Download URL: https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/35264/noaa_35264_DS1.pdf

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Research Projects 1998

• Updated 01/04/22
• Read time 8 minutes

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The following research projects were carried out during 1998. Project leaders who are postgraduate students are indicated with an asterisk (*).

Factors influencing egg production rates in reef fishes (November 1997 to January 1998) Dr Brigid Kerrigan (James Cook University, Townsville) assisted by Renae Partridge

Maternal and environmental factors controlling larval quality and survivorship (November 1997 to January 1998) Dr Brigid Kerrigan (James Cook University, Townsville) assisted by Renae Partridge and accompanied by Greg Suosaari and Jeff Lane

Do cleaner fish "farm" parasites? (December 1997 to February 1998, May, October, November/ December 1998) Dr Lexa Grutter (University of Queensland, Brisbane) assisted by Mark Johnson, Carley Bansemer, Maya Srinivasan and Dr Redouan Bshary

Long-term monitoring of giant clam populations (December 1997/ January 1998) Dr David Phillips (Fenviron, UK) assisted by Jackie Robinson

Re-collection of sponges for taxonomic and pharmaceutical research (January 1998) Dr John Hooper (Queensland Museum), Dr Russell Hill (Australian Institute of Marine Science), Dr Mark Butler and Dr Priscilla Leone (Queensland Pharmaceutical Institute) assisted by John Kennedy, Sue List-Armitage, Kirsteen Kennedy and Shane Armitage

Coral recruitment (January 1998) *Andrew Baird (James Cook University, Townsville) Long-term monitoring of coral communities (January 1998) Liz Dinsdale (for Dr Terry Hughes, James Cook University, Townsville) and Brett Dinsdale, accompanied by Emma and Jenny Dinsdale

Hypodermic insemination in flatworms (January 1998) Dr Nicolaas Michiels (Max Planck Institute, Germany) assisted by Julie Zeitlinger, Dr Ralph Tollrian and Anne Peters

Anthropogenic impacts on seabirds (transfer to Rocky Islets study site) (January, February 1998) Assistants to Dr Emma Gyuris (James Cook University, Townsville): Kyi Bean, Sharon Marks and Mark Bennett

Role of herbivory and hydrodynamics in determining abundance and metabolism of algae (January, February, March 1998) Dr Robert Carpenter (California State University Northridge, USA) assisted by Hedy Carpenter and Megan Liddelow

Population ecology of habitat specialised fishes (January, April/ May, November 1998) *Phil Munday (James Cook University, Townsville) assisted by Gillian Goby, Tsai Sin, Melissa Schubert and Marlene Davey

Coral diseases (January/ February 1998) Dr Arnfried Antonius (University of Vienna, Austria)

Condition and persistence of recruit damselfishes (January/ February 1998) Dr David Booth (University of Technology, Sydney) assisted by Giglia Beretta

Functional morphology and ecology of feeding and locomotion in labrid fishes (February, April 1998) Dr Peter Wainwright (Florida State University, USA), Dr Mark Westneat (Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA), and Dr David Bellwood (James Cook University, Townsville), assisted by Jason Elliott and accompanied by Caroline, Naomi and David Wainwright

Quantification of flux rates of adult fishes across the boundaries of fisheries reserves - telemetry (February, October 1998) Dr Dirk Zeller and Dr Garry Russ (James Cook University, Townsville) assisted by Peter Wolff

Quantification of flux rates of adult fishes across the boundaries of fisheries reserves - trapping (February, June/ July 1998) *Charles Hatcher (James Cook University, Townsville) assisted by Sarah Omundsen and Dr Garry Russ

Chronic damage to corals by crown-of-thorns starfish (February/ March, November 1998) *Morgan Pratchett (James Cook University, Townsville) assisted by Ben Carroll, Shaun Wilson, Liz Dinsdale and Jackie Wolstenholme

Factors influencing sex change in parrotfishes (February/ March 1998) *Nick Gust (James Cook University, Townsville) assisted by Stuart Watson and Barbara Lukoschek

Distribution and abundance of ciliated protozoa in acanthurid fishes and ontogenetic changes in host gut physiology (March 1998) *Tamsen Byfield (James Cook University, Townsville)

Role of caesionid fishes in the energetics of coral reefs (March, April 1998) *Lesley Walker (James Cook University, Towsnville) assisted by Dr Brigid Kerrigan, Josh Madin and Sea Rotmann

An evaluation of herbivory in the Blennidae (March, August 1998) *Shaun Wilson (James Cook University, Townsville) assisted by Ross Thomas

Growth rates and longevities in exploited reef fishes (March, December 1998) Prof Howard Choat (James Cook University, Townsville) and Dr Kendall Clements (University of Auckland, New Zealand) assisted by John Ackerman, Samantha Adams, Selma Klanten, and accompanied by Ada, Brendan and Malcolm Choat

Gut morphology and diet in reef fishes (April, November/ December 1998) *Jason Elliott (James Cook University, Townsville) assisted by Sula Blake

Molecular analysis and ecology of the green alga Halimeda (April/ May 1998) Dr Llewellya Hillis (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama) assisted by Dr Paul Colinvaux

Behavioural and ecological aspects of the symbiosis between two free-living corals and a worm (May, July/ August 1998) *Sea Rottman (James Cook University, Townsville) assisted by Dr Jason Tanner

Localization and tracking of minke whales (June, July/ August 1998) *Jason Gedamke (University of California Santa Cruz, USA) assisted by Fleur O'Neill

Monostylid (monogenean) parasites of elasmobranchs (June 1998) Dr Leslie Chisolm and Dr Ian Whittington (University of Queensland, Brisbane)

Chemistry and biochemistry of marine sponges (July 1998) Prof. Mary Garson, *Jamie Simpson and *Richard Clark (University of Queensland, Brisbane)

Comparison of fishery nursery grounds (July 1998) *Sarah Omundsen (James Cook University, Cairns) assisted by Charles Hatcher

Soft bottom invertebrate communities and the influence of fish foraging (July, October, November/ December 1998) Dr Mark McCormick (James Cook University, Townsville) assisted by Bridget Green, Vimoksalehi Lukoschek, Andrew Hoey and Susie Holst

Isolation of avian influenza viruses from cloacal swabs and droppings from pelagic birds (July 1998) Dr Graeme Laver (Australian National University, Canberra) and Dr Elspeth Garman (UK) accompanied by Catherine Garman

Integrated systems and survey techniques (July/ August 1998) *Malcolm Cullen (James Cook University, Townsville) assisted by Jody Kruger and Sarah Dobbs

Vision in marine animals (July/ August 1998) Dr Justin Marshall (University of Queensland, Brisbane), Dr Julian Partridge (University of Bristol, UK), Dr Tom Cronin and *Chuan-Chin Chiao (University of Maryland at Baltimore, USA)

Neuroethology of colour of the reef (July/ August 1998) *Uli Siebeck (University of Queensland, Brisbane) assisted by Dr Justin Marshall

Calcareous sponges of reef caves and cryptic habitats of the Great Barrier Reef (August 1998) Dr Gert Wörheide, Dr Sally Leys and John Kennedy (Queensland Museum, Brisbane) assisted by Nelson Lauzon

Reconstructing climate from corals and coralline sponges (August 1998) *Stewart Fallon (Australian National University, Canberra)

Biogeography of tropical rocky shore prosobranch gastropods (August 1998) *Benjamin Vallejo (James Cook University, Townsville) assisted by Juan Cruz

Biology of stomatopods (August 1998) Prof Roy Caldwell (University of California at Berkeley, USA)

The importance of short-lived fishes to the nutrient dynamics of coral reefs (August 1998) *Michael Marnane (James Cook University, Townsville) assisted by Ross Thomas

Airbourne particles near coral reefs (September 1998) Dr Keith Bigg (Stockholm University, Sweden) assisted by Rilda Mossop

Effects of line fishing - visual surveys (September/ October 1998) Dr Tony Ayling (Sea Research, Daintree) assisted by Dr Avril Ayling, Warren Nott and Gabriel Codina, and accompanied by Bliss Ayling, Xenica Ayling and Melba Nott

Marine mites of the Great Barrier Reef (October 1998) Dr Jurgen Otto (Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville)

Condition and persistence of coral reef fish recruits (October 1998) Dr David Booth (University of Technology, Sydney) assisted by Giglia Beretta

Taxonomy and biology of the Trematoda (Digenea) of teleost fish of the Great Barrier Reef (October/ November 1998) Dr Jess Morgan as field leader for Dr Tom Cribb's project (University of Queensland, Brisbane) assisted by Steve Wesche and Ingo Ernst

Seeking an evolutionary/ ecological explanation for the diversity of gastro-intestinal helminths of acanthurid fishes (October/ November 1998) *Clinton Chambers (University of Queensland, Brisbane) assisted by Dr Jess Morgan, Ingo Ernst & Steve Wesche

Taxonomy, systematics and host associations of the Gyliauchenidae (Digenea) (October/ November 1998) *Kathryn Hall (University of Queensland, Brisbane) assisted by Dr Jess Morgan, Ingo Ernst & Steve Wesche

Testing game theory models on co-operation between cleaner fish and their hosts (October/ November 1998) Dr Redouan Bshary (Max Plank Institut fuer Verhaltensphysiologie, Germany) assisted by Dr Lexa Grutter

Long-term monitoring of coral communities (November 1998) Dr Terry Hughes (James Cook University, Townsville) assisted by Liz Dinsdale and Jackie Wolstenholme

Bioerosion and encrustation of mollusc shells at Lizard Island (November 1998) *LeAnn Southward (Otterbein College, USA & School for International Training, Cairns) assisted by Sophie Stojic

Ecology of bottom-feeding fishes (November/ December 1998) *Vimoksalehi Lukoschek (James Cook University, Townsville) assisted by Elaine Vytopil

Ecological morphology of labrid fishes (November/ December 1998) Dr David Bellwood (James Cook University, Townsville) assisted by Phil Osmond, Michael Marnane, Jason Elliott and Sula Blake

Survival of recently settled reef fishes (November/ December 1998) *Andrew Hoey (James Cook University, Townsville) assisted by Susie Holst, Dr Mark McCormick and Selina Stoute

Research for book about coral reef science (November/ December 1998) Sneed Collard (independent author, USA)

Recruitment processes influencing settlement of coral larvae (December 1998) Dr Andrew Heyward, Dr Andrew Negri, Max Rees and *Luke Smith (Australian Institute of Marine Science, Karratha) assisted by Nicole Webster (AIMS, Townsville)

Diet evaluation of herbivorous reef fish (December 1998) *David Crossman (University of Auckland, New Zealand) assisted by Dr Kendall Clements

Hormones and behaviour in the spiny damselfish, Acanthochromis polyacanthus (December 1998) Prof. Ned Pankhurst and Dr Tish Pankhurst assisted by Polly Hilder and Mark Hilder (University of Tasmania, Launceston) and accompanied by Sam and Mike Pankhurst

Larval fish behaviour (December 1998) Dr Jeff Leis and Brooke Carson Ewart (Australian Museum) assisted by Amanda Hay and Uli Siebeck

Effectiveness of a long-term program of crown-of-thorns starfish eradication on patch reefs (all year) Dr Lyle Vail and Dr Anne Hoggett (Lizard Island Research Station) assisted by Lance Pearce, Marianne Pearce, Bob Lamb, Sara Piddlesden and Caroline Wallenberg

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The Good Research Guide (5th edition)

The Good Research Guide is a best-selling introductory book on the basics of social research. It provides practical and straightforward guidance for those who need to conduct small-scale research projects as part of their undergraduate, postgraduate or professional studies.

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National Institutes of Health Research Project Grant Inflation 1998 to 2021

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We analyzed changes in total costs for National Institutes of Health (NIH) awarded Research Project Grants issued from 1998 to 2003. The NIH uses a data-driven price index – the Biomedical Research and Development Price Index (BRDPI) – to account for inflation based increases in grant costs. The BRDPI was higher than the general rate of inflation from 1998 until 2012; since then, the rate of inflation for NIH-funded research has been similar to the general rate of inflation. Despite increases in nominal costs, recent years have seen increases in the absolute numbers of RPG and R01 awards. Real (BRDPI-adjusted) average and median RPG costs increased during the NIH-doubling (1998 to 2003), but have remained relatively stable since. Of note, though, the degree of variation of RPG costs has changed over time, with more marked extremes observed on both higher and lower levels of cost. On both ends of the cost spectrum, the agency is funding a greater proportion of solicited projects, with nearly half of RPG money going towards solicited projects. After adjusting for potential confounders in a wholly non-parametric machine learning regression, we find no independent association of time with BRDPI-adjusted costs.

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Grantee Research Project Results

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development National Center for Environmental Research Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program

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Opening Date: August 15, 1997 SEE INDIVIDUAL CATEGORIES FOR APPLICATION SUBMISSION CLOSING DATES

Introduction

In this announcement the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development (ORD), invites research grant applications in the following areas of special interest to its mission:

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2. Indicators of Global Climate Change

3. Interindividual Variation in Human Susceptibility to Environmentally-caused Disease

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In fiscal year 1995 EPA began an expansion of its investigator-initiated research grants program for academic and not-for-profit institutions (the STAR Program, Science to Achieve Results). As a part of that program, this Request for Applications (RFA) describes several of the programmatic areas from the EPA 1998 solicitation. Additional program topic areas and joint programs with the National Science Foundation and other agencies will be announced separately via a multi-agency soliciation.

EPA Mission and R & D Strategy

The mission of EPA is to protect both environmental quality and human health. Achievement of this mission requires the application of sound science to the assessment of environmental problems and to the evaluation of possible solutions. A significant challenge is to support both long-term research that anticipates future environmental problems as well as research that fills gaps in knowledge relevant to meeting current Agency goals. This Request for Applications and the multi-agency solicitations are important steps toward promoting a sound scientific foundation for environmental protection.

EPA's research programs focus on reduction of risks to human health and ecosystems and on the reduction of uncertainty associated with risk assessment. Through its laboratories and through grants to academic and other not-for-profit institutions, EPA promotes research in both domains, according the highest priority to those areas in which risk assessors are most in need of new concepts, methods, and data. EPA also fosters the development and evaluation of new risk reduction technologies across a spectrum, from pollution prevention through end-of-pipe controls to remediation and monitoring. In all areas, EPA is interested in research that recognizes issues relating to environmental justice, the concept of achieving equal protection from environmental and health hazards for all individuals without regard to race, economic status, or culture.

EPA's extramural research grant programs are administered by ORD's National Center for Environmental Research (NCER). The individual topic areas are discussed below.

RESEARCH TOPICS OF INTEREST

A. Exploratory Research

The mission of EPA is to provide environmental policies, risk assessments, pollution prevention programs, and effective regulations for environmental protection based on sound science. EPA's support for long-term research strives to fill significant gaps in knowledge relevant to protecting the environment. In part, these goals may be accomplished through this competitive, peer reviewed extramural program in which investigator-initiated projects research can discover solutions to environmental problems and EPA can benefit from close cooperation with the scientific community. Specifically, NCER is seeking grant applications to conduct exploratory environmental research based on investigator-initiated proposals in the broad areas listed below. The examples of possible study areas are provided as a guide and should not be interpreted to exclude other studies relevant to the broad topic area.

A2. Human Health. Applications submitted in this topic may focus on determining the impact that exposure to environmental stressors may have on human health. Specifically, toxicological studies for non-cancer (e.g., immune system effects) or cancer endpoints may be considered. The results of these studies should be applicable to environmentally targeted health risk assessments through improving hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, or risk characterization methods.

A3. Environmental Chemistry. Applications submitted in this area may focus on the reaction of chemicals in various environmental media (e.g., air, soil, water) and models predicting the transformation of chemicals in the environment. In addition, studies developing unique or novel techniques for monitoring chemicals in the environment would be of interest.

A4. Physics. Applications in this area may focus on increasing our knowledge of physical processes in the environment, developing models describing the physical transport of anthropogenic substances through the environment, or describing how human activities may impact physical processes in the environment.

A5. Environmental Engineering. Applications in this area may include control, remediation, and prevention technology approaches toward solving high priority environmental problems. Studies focusing on clean products and processes that may prevent pollution are of particular interest. Similarly, analytical tools and methods that assist in the identification of pollution prevention approaches would be important. Development of new technologies to address emerging environmental pollution concerns (e.g., treatment technologies for removing fuel additives from water) are also of interest.

Funding: Approximately $6 million is expected to be available in FY 98 for new exploratory research grants. The projected award range is $75,000 to $125,000/year for up to 3 years. Awards are subject to the availability of funds.

ELIGIBILITY

Academic and not-for-profit institutions located in the U.S., and state or local governments are eligible under all existing authorizations. Profit making firms and other federal agencies are not eligible to receive assistance from EPA under this program.

Federal employees may cooperate or collaborate with eligible applicants within the limits imposed by applicable legislation and regulations. However, federal agencies, national laboratories funded by federal agencies (FFRDCs), and federal employees are not eligible to submit applications to this program and may not serve in a principal leadership role on a grant. The principal investigator's institution may subcontract to a federal agency to purchase unique supplies or services unavailable in the private sector. Examples are purchase of satellite data, census data tapes, chemical reference standards, analyses or instrumentation not available elsewhere, etc. A written justification for such federal involvement must be included in the application, along with an assurance from the federal agency which commits it to supply the specified service.

Potential applicants who are uncertain of their eligibility should contact Dr. Robert E. Menzer in NCER, phone (202) 564-6849, EMail: [email protected]

Standard Instructions for Submitting an Application

This section contains a set of special instructions related to how applicants should apply for an NCER grant under the appropriate solicitation. Proposed projects must be for research designed to advance the state of knowledge in the research areas described in this solicitation.

Sorting Codes

In order to facilitate proper assignment and review of applications, each applicant is asked to identify the topic area in which their application is to be considered. It is the responsibility of the applicant to correctly identify the proper sorting code. Failure to do so will result in an inappropriate peer review assignment. At various places within the application, applicants will be asked to identify this topic area by using the appropriate Sorting Code. The Sorting Codes correspond to the topic areas within the solicitation. The Sorting Codes and application deadlines for this solicitation are shown below:

The Sorting Code must be placed at the top of the abstract (as shown in the abstract format), in Box 10 of Standard Form 424 (as described in the section on SF424), and should also be included in the address on the package that is sent to EPA (see the section on how to apply).

The Application

The initial application is made through the submission of the materials described below. It is essential that the application contain all the information requested and be submitted in the formats described. If it is not, the application may be rejected on administrative grounds. If an application is considered for award, (i.e., after external peer review and internal review) additional forms and other information will be requested by the Project Officer. The application should not be bound or stapled in any way. The Application contains the following:

A. Standard Form 424: The applicant must complete Standard Form 424 (see attached form and instructions). This form will act as a cover sheet for the application and should be its first page . Instructions for completion of the SF424 are included with the form. The form must contain the original signature of an authorized representative of the applying institution. Please note that both the Principal Investigator and an administrative contact should be identified in Section 5 of the SF424.

B. Key Contacts: The applicant must complete the Key Contacts Form (attached) as the second page of the submitted application.

C. Abstract: The abstract is a very important document . Prior to attending the peer review panel meetings, some of the panelists may read only the abstract. Therefore, it is critical that the abstract accurately describe the research being proposed and convey all the essential elements of the research. Also, in the event of an award, the abstracts will form the basis for an Annual Report of awards made under this program. The abstract should include the following information:

1. Sorting Code: Use the correct code that corresponds to the appropriate RFA topic. (Be sure to substitute the appropriate code for the " XX " in 98-NCERQA- XX ).

2. Title: Use the exact title as it appears in the rest of the application.

3.Investigators: List the names and affiliations of each investigator who will significantly contribute to the project. Start with the Principal Investigator.

4. Project Summary: This should summarize: (a) the objectives of the study (including any hypotheses that will be tested), (b) the experimental approach to be used (which should give an accurate description of the project as described in the proposal), (c) the expected results of the project and how it addresses the research needs identified in the solicitation, and (d) the estimated improvement in risk assessment or risk management that will result from successful completion of the work proposed.

5. Supplemental Keywords: A list of suggested keywords is provided for your use. Do not duplicate terms already used in the text of the abstract.

D. Project Description: This description must not exceed fifteen (15) consecutively numbered (center bottom), 8.5x11 inch pages of single-spaced standard 12-point type with 1 inch margins. The description must provide the following information:

1. Objectives : List the objectives of the proposed research and the hypotheses being tested during the project and briefly state why the intended research is important. This section can also include any background or introductory information that would help explain the objectives of the study (one to two pages recommended).

2. Approach : Outline the methods, approaches, and techniques that you intend to employ in meeting the objective stated above (five to 10 pages recommended).

3. Expected Results or Benefits : Describe the results you expect to achieve during the project, the benefits of success as they relate to the topic under which the proposal was submitted, and the potential recipients of these benefits. This section should also discuss the utility of the research project proposed for addressing the environmental problems described in the solicitation (one to two pages recommended).

4. General Project Information : Discuss other information relevant to the potential success of the project. This should include facilities, personnel, project schedules, proposed management, interactions with other institutions, etc. (one to two pages recommended).

5. Important Attachments : Appendices and/or other information may be included but must remain within the 15 page limit. References cited are in addition to the 15 pages.

E. Resumes: The resumes of all principal investigators and important co-workers should be presented. Resumes must not exceed two consecutively numbered (bottom center), 8.5x11 inch pages of single-spaced standard 12-point type with 1 inch margins for each individual.

F. Current and Pending Support: The applicant must identify any current and pending financial resources that are intended to support research related to that included in the proposal or which would consume the time of principal investigators. This should be done by completing the appropriate form (see attachment) for each investigator and other senior personnel involved in the proposal. Failure to provide this information may delay consideration of your proposal.

G. Budget: The applicant must present a detailed, itemized budget for the entire project. This budget must be in the format provided in the example (see attachment) and not exceed two consecutively numbered (bottom center), 8.5x11 inch pages with 1 inch margins. Please note that institutional cost sharing is not required and, therefore, does not have to be included in the budget table. If desired, a brief statement concerning cost sharing can be added to the budget justification.

H. Budget Justification : This section should describe the basis for calculating the personnel, fringe benefits, travel, equipment, supplies, contractual support, and other costs identified in the itemized budget and explain the basis for their calculation (special attention should be given to explaining the travel, equipment, and other categories ). This should also include an explanation of how the indirect costs were calculated. This justification should not exceed two consecutively numbered (bottom center), 8.5x11 inch pages of single-spaced standard 12-point type with 1 inch margins.

I. Quality Assurance Narrative Statement: For any project involving data collection or processing, conducting surveys, environmental measurements, and/or modeling, provide a statement on how quality processes or products will be assured. This statement should not exceed two consecutively numbered, 8.5x11 inch pages of single-spaced standard 12-point type with 1 inch margins. This is in addition to the 15 pages permitted for the Project Description. The Quality Assurance Narrative Statement should, for each item listed below, either present the required information or provide a justification as to why the item does not apply to the proposed research. For awards that involve environmentally related measurements or data generation, a quality system that complies with the requirements of ANSI/ASQC E4, "Specifications and Guidelines for Quality Systems for Environmental Data Collection and Environmental Technology Programs," must be in place.

2. The study design including sample type and location requirements and any statistical analyses that were used to estimate the types and numbers of samples required for physical samples or similar information for studies using survey and interview techniques.

3. The procedures for the handling and custody of samples, including sample identification, preservation, transportation, and storage.

4. The methods that will be used to analyze samples or data collected, including a description of the sampling and/or analytical instruments required.

5. The procedures that will be used in the calibration and performance evaluation of the sampling and analytical methods used during the project.

6. The procedures for data reduction and reporting, including a description of statistical analyses to be used and of any computer models to be designed or utilized with their associated with verification and validation techniques.

7. The intended use of the data as they relate to the study objectives or hypotheses.

8. The quantitative and or qualitative procedures that will be used to evaluate the success of the project.

9. Any plans for peer or other reviews of the study design or analytical methods prior to data collection.

ANSI/ASQC E4, "Specifications and Guidelines for Quality Systems for Environmental Data Collection and Environmental Technology Programs" is available for purchase from the American Society for Quality Control, phone 1-800-248-1946, item T55. Only in exceptional circumstances should it be necessary to consult this document.

J. Postcard: The Applicant must include with the application a self addressed, stamped 3x5 inch post card. This will be used to acknowledge receipt of the application and to transmit other important information to the applicant.

How to Apply

The original and ten (10) copies of the fully developed application and five (5) additional copies of the abstract (15 in all), must be received by NCER no later than 4:00 P.M. EST on the closing date assigned to the topic area appropriate to the application ( see Sorting Codes section ):

The application and abstract must be prepared in accordance with these instructions. Informal, incomplete, or unsigned proposals will not be considered. The application should not be bound or stapled in any way. The original and copies of the application should be secured with paper or binder clips.

Completed applications should be sent via regular mail to:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Peer Review Division (8703R) Sorting Code: 98-NCERQA-XX (replace the "XX" with the appropriate code) 401 M Street, SW Washington DC 20460

For express mail applications, the following address must be used:

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Peer Review Division (8703R) Sorting Code: 98-NCERQA-XX (replace the "XX" with the appropriate code) 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Room B-10105 Washington, DC 20004

Phone: (202) 564-6939 (for express mail applications)

The sorting code must be identified in the address (as shown above). Please do not fail to replace the "XX" in 98-NCERQA-XX with the appropriate code.  

Guidelines, Limitations, and Additional Requirements

Proposals must be submitted to only one topic area, using a single sorting code. Proposals submitted to more than one RFA topic will be assigned to the topic designated on the first version received or to the first sorting code designated on the application. If you wish to submit more than one application, you must ensure that the research proposed is significantly different from that in any other that has been submitted to this solicitation or from any other grant you are currently receiving from EPA or any other federal government agency.

Projects which contain subcontracts constituting more than 40% of the total direct cost of the grant for each year in which the subcontract is awarded will be subject to special review and may require additional justification.

Researchers will be expected to budget for and participate in an annual All-Investigators Meeting with EPA scientists and other grantees to report on research activities and to discuss issues of mutual interest.

Review and Selection

All grant applications are initially reviewed by EPA to determine their legal and administrative acceptability. Acceptable applications are then reviewed by an appropriate technical peer review group. This review is designed to evaluate each proposal according to its scientific merit. In general, each review group is composed of non-EPA scientists, engineers, social scientists, and/or economists who are experts in their respective disciplines and are proficient in the technical areas they are reviewing. The reviewers use the following criteria to help them in their reviews:

2. The qualifications of the principal investigator(s) and other key personnel, including research training, demonstrated knowledge of pertinent literature, experience, and publication records. Will all key personnel contribute a significant time commitment to the project?

3. The availability and/or adequacy of the facilities and equipment proposed for the project. Are there any deficiencies that may interfere with the successful completion of the research?

4. The responsiveness of the proposal to the research needs identified for the topic area. Does the proposal adequately address all of the objectives specified for this topic area?

5. Although budget information is not used by the reviewers as the basis for their evaluation of scientific merit, the reviewers are asked to provide their view on the appropriateness and/or adequacy of the proposed budget and its implications for the potential success of the proposed research. Input on requested equipment is of particular interest.

Applications that receive scores of excellent and very good from the peer reviewers are subjected to a programmatic review within EPA, the object being to assure a balanced research portfolio for the Agency. Scientists from the ORD Laboratories and EPA Program and Regional Offices review these applications in relation to program priorities and their complementarity to the ORD intramural program, and recommend selections to NCER.

Funding decisions are the sole responsibility of EPA. Grants are selected on the basis of technical merit, relevancy to the research priorities outlined, program balance, and budget. A summary statement of the scientific review by the peer panel will be provided to each applicant.

Applications selected for funding will require additional certifications, possibly a revised budget, and responses to any comments or suggestions offered by the peer reviewers. Project officers will contact principal investigators to obtain these materials.  

Proprietary Information

By submitting an application in response to this solicitation, the applicant grants EPA permission to share the application with technical reviewers both within and outside of the Agency. Applications containing proprietary or other types of confidential information will be returned to the applicant without review.  

Funding Mechanism

The funding mechanism for all awards issued under this solicitation will consist of grants from EPA and depends on the availability of funds. In accordance with Public Law 95-224, the primary purpose of a grant is to accomplish a public purpose of support or stimulation authorized by Federal statute rather than acquisition for the direct benefit of the Agency. In issuing a grant agreement, EPA anticipates that there will be no substantial EPA involvement in the design, implementation, or conduct of the research funded by the grant. However, EPA will monitor research progress, based in part on annual reports provided by awardees.

Additional general information on the grants program, forms used for applications, etc., may be obtained by exploring our Web page. EPA does not intend to make mass mailings of this announcement. Information not available on the Internet may be obtained by contacting:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Center for Environmental Research and Quality Assurance (8703R) 401 M Street, SW Washington DC 20460

Hotline Phone: 1-800-490-9194

Please use our Hotline for general questions. For specific questions contact the persons identified below for each topic within the RFA. These individuals will usually be the Project Officers for the grants funded under a particular topic. They will respond to inquires regarding the solicitation and can respond to any technical questions related to your application.

Clyde Bishop 202-564-6914 [email protected]

Indicators of Global Climate Change

Barbara Levinson 202-564-6911 [email protected]

Interindividual Variation in Human Susceptibility to Environmentally-caused Disease

David Reese 202-564-6919 [email protected]

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The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.

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Psychosocial Care of Children in Hospitals: A Clinical Practice Manual From the ACCH Child Life Research Project Paperback – January 1, 1998

• Print length 159 pages
• Language English
• Publisher Child Life Council
• Publication date January 1, 1998
• Dimensions 11 x 8.5 x 1.25 inches
• ISBN-10 0937821705
• ISBN-13 978-0937821701
• See all details

Product details

• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Child Life Council; 58090th edition (January 1, 1998)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Paperback ‏ : ‎ 159 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0937821705
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0937821701
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 14.4 ounces
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 11 x 8.5 x 1.25 inches
• #1,906 in Parenting (Books)

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From the garage to the Googleplex

The Google story begins in 1995 at Stanford University. Larry Page was considering Stanford for grad school and Sergey Brin, a student there, was assigned to show him around.

By some accounts, they disagreed about nearly everything during that first meeting, but by the following year they struck a partnership. Working from their dorm rooms, they built a search engine that used links to determine the importance of individual pages on the World Wide Web. They called this search engine Backrub.

Soon after, Backrub was renamed Google (phew). The name was a play on the mathematical expression for the number 1 followed by 100 zeros and aptly reflected Larry and Sergey's mission “to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful.”

Over the next few years, Google caught the attention of not only the academic community, but Silicon Valley investors as well. In August 1998, Sun co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim wrote Larry and Sergey a check for $100,000, and Google Inc. was officially born. With this investment, the newly incorporated team made the upgrade from the dorms to their first office: a garage in suburban Menlo Park, California, owned by Susan Wojcicki (employee #16 and former CEO of YouTube). Clunky desktop computers, a ping pong table, and bright blue carpet set the scene for those early days and late nights. (The tradition of keeping things colorful continues to this day.)

Even in the beginning, things were unconventional: from Google’s initial server (made of Lego) to the first “Doodle” in 1998: a stick figure in the logo announcing to site visitors that the entire staff was playing hooky at the Burning Man Festival. “Don't be evil” captured the spirit of our intentionally unconventional methods. In the years that followed, the company expanded rapidly — hiring engineers, building a sales team, and introducing the first company dog, Yoshka . Google outgrew the garage and eventually moved to its current headquarters (a.k.a.“The Googleplex”) in Mountain View, California. The spirit of doing things differently made the move. So did Yoshka.

The relentless search for better answers continues to be at the core of everything we do. Today, Google makes hundreds of products used by billions of people across the globe, from YouTube and Android to Gmail and, of course, Google Search. Although we’ve ditched the Lego servers and added just a few more company dogs, our passion for building technology for everyone has stayed with us — from the dorm room, to the garage, and to this very day.